Mossad operations in the United States span decades, navigating a delicate line between strategic intelligence-sharing and covert espionage. Historically focusing on political influence, defense technology, and dual-use nuclear procurement, these high-stakes activities frequently trigger tension between counterintelligence agencies like the FBI and the political realities of the U.S.–Israel alliance. Legislative initiatives like Section 622 further complicate this friction by pushing for expanded intelligence sharing and seamless military integration with Israeli counterparts. Critics and counterespionage officials argue that embedding such deep institutional access blurs the boundary between legitimate partner exchange and active spying—effectively shielding covert operations under the guise of official military collaboration.