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This decision in favor of beIN forces Quad9 to block the recursive DNS resolution for a number of domain names for users located in France.\u00a0\nThe good news is the court significantly reduced the financial penalty, from \u20ac580,000 to \u20ac1,000 per day. However, for Quad9, this has never been just a financial issue: it is a matter of principle.\nWe cannot comply with this ruling over the long term while remaining faithful to our mission to protect your privacy, defend you against cyber threats, and preserve the integrity of the internet. For us, recursive DNS resolution is a neutral and passive service. We categorically refuse to alter or lie to you about the DNS responses you receive in a way that opposes your expectations.\nThis ruling forces an untenable position upon us. Compliance is technically unfeasible, and implementation directly contradicts our mandate to serve the public. As a result, we have made the difficult decision to withdraw Quad9 services from France as of Tuesday, November 24. We deeply regret that French internet users will be left without an alternative that can adequately protect their cybersecurity while remaining compliant with European privacy law.\nBackground\nbeIN, a Qatari company with offices in France, previously sought to force Quad9 to block resolution for a set of domain names they assert are participating in copyright infringement of its audiovisual rights on sports event broadcasts. Quad9 has no association with these domain names, nor with the operators of the websites. The French courts have fundamentally misunderstood the working of the internet and the role of the domain name system and have allowed a financial penalty to apply to Quad9 if we do not block DNS responses to users in France.\nQuad9 is a Swiss public-benefit, nonprofit foundation established for the explicit purpose of protecting the cybersecurity of internet users. We charge nothing for our service and serve all people and organizations which seek to improve the security and privacy of their internet use. Our core values are to make privacy, security, and integrity available to all internet users, and our mission is to universally apply these guiding principles to recursive DNS resolution services in order to serve end users.\u00a0\nWe want to be very clear: we do not condone content piracy. Quad9 exists to create a safer, more trustworthy internet experience for end users. We offer global blocking as an option for malicious cyberactivity against users worldwide. We do not block content, and we give users the choice to use our threat blocking services, or not, based on their interests and needs. Content piracy needs to be dealt with at the source: the place where the infringing content is published. Forcing uninvolved third parties to break the fundamental operating principles of the internet to benefit individual parties to the detriment of the global internet-using public is misguided, counter-productive, and distracts from actual solutions addressing the hosting of the content directly, or the market pressures which cause piracy to exist in the first place. Not only are DNS recursive resolvers, like Quad9, the wrong actors to address piracy, but applying legal pressure to Quad9 will also have vast unintended consequences harming the cybersecurity of hundreds of millions of innocent internet users.\nFor Quad9, complying with this ruling is impossible. We have no database of users associating them with jurisdictions. Our service is free to the public and does not require sign-up or proof of identity. Recursive DNS is so fundamental to the underlying operation of the internet that there is no method to map users\u2019 jurisdictions reliably, nor do we think there should be a way to force users to identify themselves before they can connect to the internet. Our core goals \u2013 privacy of user data and honesty of responses - are directly opposed to the methods necessary to implement the blocking this court ruling would require us to perform. There is no way we can determine which users this ruling applies to \u2013 we have no list of French users, because we do not keep dossiers of our users at all.\nIf we do not comply, we will face a daily penalty of 1.000 euros until the blocking concludes on November 14 (i.e., 24.000 euros) not including our legal defense. Quad9 cannot survive the accumulation of penalties yet to be assessed in 20 other pending cases, nor those of future cases similar to the one brought by beIN. Inaction is, therefore, not an option to challenge this decision.\nCan Quad9 just comply via global blocking?\nWe could add these names to our global malicious domain blocking database, which is what we use to provide internet users with malware and phishing protection. This is a single, monolithic set of names applied to all users of our protective services (9.9.9.9 & secondaries) globally but not to our nonprotective services (9.9.9.10 & secondaries). Blocking these names for all users globally would satisfy the requirements of the court.\u00a0\nHowever, this would have the \u201cextraterritorial\u201d effect of applying French legal decisions to every internet user worldwide, when they are meant to solely apply to France, for the commercial benefit of a single private, foreign-owned company. We suspect if other nations wished to impose their national legislation within France, there would be a strong reaction from French users and authorities. The converse is equally true: the findings of a French court are not applicable to the rest of the world. Such a system would set a precedent that any nation could impose their laws, morals, economic demands, or social constructs upon any other nation by the means of blocking DNS names, and thus blocking communication and content.\u00a0\nTherefore, this global blocking method is entirely unworkable for us as a solution to be compliant with the court order.\nWhat is \u201cFrance\u201d from the perspective of the internet?\nThere are more important reasons geoIP blocking will not work. We already prevailed in a similar legal case in Germany in 2021-2023 in which we learned an important lesson: we tried to use geoIP blocking as a \u201chack\u201d in a similar circumstance at the start of the legal proceedings, allowing us to continue services in Germany until the case concluded. The plaintiff (Sony Music Entertainment GmbH) then used a VPN to access the blocked content from Germany in circumvention of the geoIP blocking. The court agreed with Sony in their assertions of noncompliance, and we were fined for contempt of court.\u00a0\nFrom this experience, we know that the geoIP-based model is not only unfit from a technical perspective, but we have proven, historical evidence that using geoIP methods results in fines being levied against us by courts. To any technology-aware person, this seems absurd and outrageous \u2013 but this is what we face in these lawsuits where there is a disconnect between the courts\u2019 understanding and how (and why) the technical protocols of the internet actually operate. We cannot risk this negative outcome in this or any other future instance, as absurd decisions apparently are de rigueur in these cases.\nWe eventually won that case against Sony, but it took several years, six figures of cost to Quad9, and massive wasted time \u2013 all of which set us back in our ability to deliver services and is a resource debt we are still paying for today. This case is just more of the same \u2013 the opposition has more lawyers than we have money and time.\nThe decision of Quad9\nGiven these conditions and as a result of our unwavering mission, our historical experience, our desire to remain within the law, and the outcome of the court decision, we are left with an uncomfortable choice.\nThe demands lead us to an impossible requirement: we must adhere to the court\u2019s decision, or we face growing risks to our existence. However, in implementing the blocking, we must either extend French law to the whole world (blocking globally) or create a vulnerability condition whereby we continue to be at risk because the available technical methods are imprecise,\u00a0 impossible to validate, and do not meet any user privacy and security requirements.\nThis leads us to the only conclusion we can understand to eliminate our legal risk and keep us true to our mission: we must make our cybersecurity protection and general services unavailable to French users. Our departure is scheduled for November 24, 2026.\nIn any event, for Quad9, this is a matter of principle regarding the potential misuse of these types of blocking measures. Allowing private corporations to have the ability to block what is seen on the internet seems to us to be a dangerous and infinitely deep problem. Actions that seem reasonable and infrequent today will tomorrow become an avalanche of petty demands used to suppress political, religious, economic, or social outcomes. We will not be even a small part of that degradation of the freedom of knowledge. Once the tools of censorship are built, they are rarely used sparingly or justly.\nThis case with beIN is not the only litigation we face in France. There are approximately 20 different lawsuits pending against Quad9 (and other recursive resolver operators) that demand we comply with blocking hundreds of different names. We expect many of them to escalate to the same conditions as we have seen with beIN, which puts Quad9 at risk regardless of the outcome of this case.\u00a0\nBased on the generalized, high-level traffic statistics we keep, we know we have many users in France. With our departure, those users will be put at risk from the threats we have protected them from for nearly 9 years. We deeply regret that result, but we have no other choice. Below is a partial list of the networks from which we see traffic in France. You will see many infrastructure, national security, finance, education, and other networks of critical importance in addition to ISP users and mobile users. All these users will lose service on November 24 because of the legal risks facing Quad9 in France.\nWhat is the purpose of this whole lawsuit, anyway?\nThe most troubling part of this decision is that it is ineffective in practice. Forcing Quad9 to block domain names does not take the content out of circulation and has no effect on the servers that house the data.\u00a0\nWe offer a free service, and there are thousands of other open DNS systems that do what Quad9 does but with lower trust, safety, and reliability. Users seeking blocked content will simply shift their DNS to use one of those other free services, possibly using systems in other nations that have less-than-honorable intentions from a privacy and security perspective. This is like holding a piece of newspaper in front of a stadium full of people to block the view of a concert. It is an unsolvable problem via recursive DNS, and the effect of legal rulings like this is not measurable outside of the amounts paid to lawyers and the number of words in press releases declaring hollow victory.\u00a0\nEven beIN will not see any changes. Perhaps that is understood and the cruelty may be the point - we cannot say with certainty why such expenditures have been made against a small nonprofit like Quad9, which tries only to bring safer, trusted service to users. But of this we are certain: these actions are a tragic waste of time and resources and create a real, negative outcome for the internet community of France, whether or not they are our users.\nWhat we are doing on November 24\nQuad9 will not block the domains in question - we wish to remain committed to our integrity of providing a complete view of the DNS for users who wish that service. However, starting on November 24, we will no longer serve French users, thus keeping Quad9 out of danger from similar, perhaps even larger risks in the future. Our hope is that 30 days will be sufficient time for conversion, though we regret that this message will undoubtedly not reach some users in time.\nAn appeal is pending, and we will continue to legally defend our position in court in this case and as many other cases as we are able. We will continue to oppose court-ordered DNS blocking of this nature everywhere. Our resources are limited, but we are determined to keep the internet open and free. You can donate here to help us continue to deliver on our mission and assist us in the legal costs we incur in this and other fights.\nWhat you can do next\nWe think this problem is reversible. French citizens: tell your legislators that looking up names is not a criminal offense. The internet needs to remain open and freely available to anyone, and neutral intermediaries like Quad9 (or any DNS resolver) should not be implicated in legal proceedings because we map names to IP addresses. Further, we know there are potential plans in consideration in France (and other European nations) to give private corporations and others automated and unvalidated abilities to filter DNS content that they alone determine to be unwanted, making it possible for a wide range of badly-managed or anti-democratic activities to be implemented. We believe you disagree with this as much as we do. Make yourself heard, or you will lose your rights silently.\nARCOM is your regulatory authority, and you should tell them this precedent places France at risk both from a practical and strategic perspective.\u00a0\nLet them know that under their mandate, they have to balance your digital rights as citizens as well as the audiovisual rights on sports event broadcasts of rights holders. Balance cannot be claimed when the privacy and security of digital users are the collateral damage.\nIn conclusion\nFighting piracy via DNS resolvers blocking is ineffective. It is disproportionate and misguided, ill-fitted and futile to fight piracy, as the source content remains completely available to resurge under another name. Forcing Quad9 to depart harms French digital strategy and sovereignty in the long run relating to security, privacy, and integrity - contradicting France\u2019s supreme national interests in exchange for a short-term, imaginary commercial victory.\nWe deeply regret that we must leave our French users without cybersecurity protection, but we hope the future will see a more reasonable interpretation of the law which allows us to return.\nSincerely,\nThe Quad9 Team\n* This post was authored and translated into French by humans on the Quad9 Team\u00a0\n\nPartial List of French Networks Using Quad9\nThis list is extracted from network metrics of an hour or so of typical usage. Quad9 tracks network autonomous systems number origins as per our privacy policy, but we do not identify individual IP addresses or users within those networks. There are hundreds of additional French networks using Quad9; we picked only these at random to show the breadth of usage. Autonomous systems are not exclusively geographically-mapped and cannot be used as a jurisdictional identifier; though it is safe to say that most of these networks have a significant portion of their user base in France.\nNational government & public agencies\n60855 \u2014 Direction interminist\u00e9rielle du num\u00e9rique (DINUM) \u2014 Prime Minister\u2019s digital directorate; sets state digital strategy and runs the interministerial state network (RIE).\n43717 \u2014 Business France (EPIC) \u2014 National agency that helps French firms export and attracts foreign investment.\n205461 \u2014 France Travail (EPA; formerly P\u00f4le emploi) \u2014 National public employment service: job placement, jobseeker support, unemployment benefit payment.\n777 \u2014 CEA Paris-Saclay (EPIC) \u2014 Saclay centre of the Commissariat \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9nergie atomique et aux \u00e9nergies alternatives; public research in nuclear and alternative energy, defence and health technology.\n44850 \u2014 Institut de recherche pour le d\u00e9veloppement (IRD; EPST) \u2014 Public research institute working with Global South partners on health, environment and social sciences.\n29110 \u2014 Institut Pasteur (private foundation, recognised as public utility) \u2014 Non-profit biomedical research foundation in Paris (infectious diseases, vaccines, microbiology); hosts national reference centres.\nResearch & education network\n1307, 1712, 1715, 1942, 1945, 2060, 2094, 2198, 2200, 2202, 2259, 2269, 2457, 2470, 2472 \u2014 RENATER (GIP) \u2014 National research and education network; its members are the State and public research bodies.\nStudent-run campus networks\n204515 \u2014 Crans (association) \u2014 ENS Paris-Saclay student network association providing connectivity, hosting and email to members.\n212424 \u2014 ViaR\u00e9zo (Association des r\u00e9seaux de CentraleSup\u00e9lec) \u2014 Student association providing internet and IT services on the CentraleSup\u00e9lec campus.\n207849 \u2014 ESIEESPACE \u2014 ESIEE Paris student club that runs OpenGate, a student non-profit ISP.\nPrivate education\n56339 \u2014 IONIS Education Group (SAS) \u2014 Private for-profit higher-education group (EPITA, Epitech, ESME, IPSA, ISG, Sup\u2019Biotech).\nRegional & local government\n208458 \u2014 R\u00e9gion Nouvelle-Aquitaine \u2014 Regional authority covering 12 d\u00e9partements; seat in Bordeaux; created 2016.\n208820 \u2014 D\u00e9partement de la Seine-Saint-Denis \u2014 \u00cele-de-France d\u00e9partement; council seated in Bobigny.\n50036 \u2014 D\u00e9partement des Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es-Atlantiques \u2014 Nouvelle-Aquitaine d\u00e9partement; council seated in Pau.\n34000 \u2014 D\u00e9partement des Bouches-du-Rh\u00f4ne \u2014 Departmental council.\n48799 \u2014 Ville et Eurom\u00e9tropole de Strasbourg \u2014 Shared administration of the City of Strasbourg and the 33-commune Eurom\u00e9tropole.\n204897 \u2014 Grand Besan\u00e7on M\u00e9tropole \u2014 Communaut\u00e9 urbaine of 67 communes around Besan\u00e7on.\n208574 \u2014 Communaut\u00e9 de communes du Pays de Bitche \u2014 Intercommunal body of 46 communes in Moselle; owns the Tub\u00e9o public fibre-to-the-home network.\n202834 \u2014 Commune d\u2019\u00c9chirolles \u2014 Commune south of Grenoble; member of Grenoble-Alpes M\u00e9tropole.\n211127 \u2014 SITPI (Syndicat intercommunal pour les t\u00e9l\u00e9communications et les prestations informatiques) \u2014 Ten Grenoble-area communes pooling telecom, IT and GIS services.\nPublic digital infrastructure (local-authority networks & IT)\n200245 \u2014 Manche Num\u00e9rique (syndicat mixte) \u2014 Builds the Manche fibre network; provides IT, e-administration and telecom services to local authorities.\n44842 \u2014 Somme Num\u00e9rique (syndicat mixte) \u2014 Owns the Somme fibre network; provides digital services to local authorities and schools.\n214589 \u2014 Essonne Num\u00e9rique (syndicat mixte ouvert) \u2014 Essonne public fibre network, plus interconnection, hosting and data-centre services for public sites.\n47608 \u2014 Gigalis (GIP) \u2014 Pays de la Loire regional fibre network for local authorities, health, emergency services and schools.\n41114, 62038 \u2014 Orne THD (SPL) \u2014 Company owned by Rombas and neighbouring communes in Moselle; sells fibre internet and TV over their networks.\n39271 \u2014 C\u2019Chartres Innovations Num\u00e9riques (SEM) \u2014 Chartres M\u00e9tropole company running fibre, a private 5G network, a data centre and IT services.\n207430 \u2014 SITEC, Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 informatique et t\u00e9l\u00e9matique corse (SEM; Collectivit\u00e9 de Corse 56%) \u2014 Hosting, cloud, cybersecurity and IT services for Corsican public bodies.\n50547 \u2014 R\u00e9gie du r\u00e9seau c\u00e2bl\u00e9 du Haut Sundgau (local-authority r\u00e9gie) \u2014 Public wired telecom network in southern Alsace.\n49011 \u2014 MACS THD (SASU, SFR group) \u2014 Private company running the Maremne-Adour-C\u00f4te-Sud (Landes) high-speed network under a public-service concession.\nEnergy & utilities\n1301 \u2014 \u00c9lectricit\u00e9 de France (EDF; 100% state-owned) \u2014 National electricity producer and supplier; operates France\u2019s nuclear fleet.\n62141 \u2014 Compagnie nationale du Rh\u00f4ne (CNR; majority public shareholding, Engie reference shareholder) \u2014 Holds the Rh\u00f4ne concession: hydroelectric dams, navigation and irrigation, plus wind and solar.\n39830 \u2014 Ter\u00e9ga (private SA; formerly TIGF) \u2014 Gas transmission and underground storage operator for south-west France.\n43734 \u2014 UEM (local SEM; formerly Usine d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 de Metz) \u2014 Metz utility: electricity, gas, district heating, public lighting.\n12727, 42487, 208719 \u2014 Vialis (SEM; Colmar largest shareholder) \u2014 Colmar utility: electricity and gas plus cable TV, internet and fibre.\n204645 \u2014 R\u00e9gie ENES (R\u00e9gie municipale d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 de Creutzwald) \u2014 Municipal r\u00e9gie: electricity, fibre internet, local TV, district heating.\nTransport\n203885 \u2014 SNCF (Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 nationale SNCF SA; state-owned) \u2014 Parent holding company of the national railway group.\n34809 \u2014 Sanef (SA; Abertis subsidiary) \u2014 Motorway concession operator for northern and eastern France.\nHealth\n201659 \u2014 AP-HM (Assistance Publique \u2013 H\u00f4pitaux de Marseille) \u2014 Marseille\u2019s public university hospital group.\n51588 \u2014 SESAN (GIP) \u2014 \u00cele-de-France regional body providing shared digital-health services to care providers.\n49692 \u2014 Compagnie G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de Sant\u00e9 (SAS; private) \u2014 Name of the hospital group now called Ramsay Sant\u00e9.\nBroadcast & media\n24843, 43930 \u2014 France T\u00e9l\u00e9visions (state-owned SA) \u2014 National public-service television broadcaster.\n43646 \u2014 TDF (SASU; owned by infrastructure funds) \u2014 Broadcast transmission and tower infrastructure operator.\nPrivate industry & technology\n29104 \u2014 Thales Services Num\u00e9riques (SAS; Thales group) \u2014 IT services, cloud, security operations and integration for defence, space and public-sector clients.\n49068 \u2014 Stormshield (SAS; 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