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                    "The publisher of top-selling Haitian Canadian writer Th\u00e9lyson Or\u00e9lien, who was removed from France\u2019s most prestigious literary prize list last month, has confirmed the author used artificial intelligence to help write his novel C\u2019\u00e9tait \u00e7a ou mourir (It Was Either That or Die).Or\u00e9lien has denied allegations that he used AI on his breakthrough novel and, last week, Canadian publisher Les \u00c9ditions du Bor\u00e9al said it was standing by the 38-year-old writer.But on Wednesday, Bor\u00e9al said it had conducted a further investigation into the allegations.\u201cNew information, confirmed over the past few days, indicates that artificial intelligence was used in the writing process\u201d of the novel, a statement from Bor\u00e9al said.The publisher announced it was \u201cending its professional relationship\u201d with Or\u00e9lien.Bor\u00e9al said it did not know the extent of AI\u2019s use in the writing process \u201cand we will likely never have a definitive answer\u201d.It said it gathered all the working versions of the novel and hired an outside party to analyse various drafts.\u201cThe results obtained this week revealed traces of AI tags in the metadata of certain documents,\u201d Bor\u00e9al said.Before conducting this analysis, the publisher said it had tried to work with Or\u00e9lien to gather the evidence necessary to prove his innocence.That effort was inconclusive, and Or\u00e9lien \u201csubsequently announced that he would not provide any further information,\u201d the publisher said.The novel about migration had been scheduled for translation in more than 20 countries.The book was shrouded in suspicion and withdrawn from the list for France\u2019s book prize the Prix Goncourt, after tests with AI detector Pangram indicated a 100% probability it contained computer-generated text.In a statement to Agence France-Presse earlier this month, Or\u00e9lien called the allegations \u201cslander and heresy\u201d.\u201cHere and there I did use tools for research, particularly for foreign idioms,\u201d he said in a statement sent exclusively to AFP.\u201cBut not a single sentence in this book was created by a machine, nor the meaning or the structure of a story that comes from my gut.\u201dHe stood firm on Wednesday, telling the French newspaper Lib\u00e9ration he used AI \u201cin the creative process\u201d for \u201chistorical research\u201d.\u201cI\u2019ve explained everything to those close to me, but at the moment I don\u2019t think my words count for anything,\u201d he said, adding that what he is now experiencing has \u201cgone way too far\u201d.Or\u00e9lien said he started writing the book in late 2017 \u201con the corner of a table\u201d and completed a first draft in 2019 of more than 300 pages, several years before the advent of AI services such as ChatGPT.The author fled his native Haiti after a 2010 earthquake that struck the Caribbean island, already ravaged by poverty and unrest.In response to separate allegations of plagiarism, Or\u00e9lien admitted to making \u201cunacceptable mistakes\u201d in the past in his writing, without mentioning specifics.\u201cI was just over 20, I was probably a little too impatient, without really understanding how much I still had to learn. I wanted to write, I was reading a lot,\u201d he wrote.\u201cBut admiring someone does not give you the right to take, to claim as mine texts that are not my own.\u201d"
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