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                    "By Georgina McCartney and Arathy Somasekhar\n\n\n\nHOUSTON, Oct 12 (Reuters)\u00a0\u2013\u00a0Dense heavy crude, which oil refiners around the world favor for its typically low cost, is piling up in the Americas as soaring freight rates have stifled exports and US refiners have been running close to their limits.\u00a0\n\n\n\nThe glut in North and South America has opened an unusual split in the global oil market, as buyers in Asia and Europe struggle with supply shortages and benchmark prices hold above $100 a barrel.\n\n\n\nHeavy crude is a denser type of oil that Asian, many US, and some European refineries are typically configured to process. It is usually cheaper than light crude, offering refiners better margins, when\u00a0shipping\u00a0costs are affordable.\u00a0\n\n\n\n\u201cIt\u2019s all freight,\u201d said Scott Shelton, an energy specialist at TP ICAP. Venezuela, the US and Canada all produce more oil than they consume, he said, so they rely on exports to Asia to balance their crude markets.\u00a0\n\n\n\nWith US diesel prices soaring, the\u00a0cheap, stranded barrels should be getting snapped up in a diesel-starved market,\u00a0since heavy crude yields more of the fuel than lighter grades. But Gulf Coast refiners have already bought as much as they can process, analysts and traders said.\n\n\n\nVenezuelan exports have surged since the US captured former President Nicolas Maduro in January, then started pushing to reactivate the country\u2019s oil sector. Canadian output is at a record and Washington has released more than 130 million barrels from its emergency reserve.\u00a0\n\n\n\nThe cost of hiring a supertanker from the US Gulf Coast to Asia, meanwhile,\u00a0has more than quintupled\u00a0since February, as ship-to-ship transfers in the Gulf of Oman tie up vessels worldwide.\u00a0\n\n\n\n\u201cYou need a ship and the price of ships are going up, and the availability ships are going down,\u201d Shelton said.\u00a0\n\n\n\nFlagship Canadian, Colombian and Ecuadorian\u00a0heavy\u00a0crude grades have all eased\u00a0more than $10a barrel\u00a0to\u00a0trade at their lowest level in six weeks, according to price reporting agency Argus Media. Prices for Western Canada Select, excluding\u00a0shipping\u00a0or insurance costs, was around $74 on Thursday; Colombia\u2019s main grade Vasconia was trading at around $84; and Ecuador\u2019s Oriente was trading at around $76, Argus said.\n\n\n\nVenezuelan crude excluding\u00a0shipping\u00a0costs was trading around $74.50 a barrel\u00a0on Thursday, two traders said.\u00a0\n\n\n\nShipping\u00a0oil on a supertanker from the US Gulf Coast to Europe was estimated to cost around $46 million, or $24.50 a barrel, last week, including ship-to-ship transfer and other costs, according to Georgios Sakellariou, a Signal Maritime analyst. That compares with $6.5 million or around $4 a barrel before the Iran war broke out in late February.\u00a0\n\n\n\nThe cost of a tanker from the\u00a0Americas to Asia rose to more than $80 million, or about $40 a barrel, last week compared with around $10-15 million near the start of the year.\u00a0\n\n\n\nUS REFINERS MAXED OUT\u00a0\n\n\n\nUS refineries have operated at about 93.5% capacity on an average weekly basis so far this year,\u00a0according to the\u00a0Energy Information Administration.\u00a0That is the highest level in 28 years as they crank out as much as fuel as they can to profit from\u00a0record high diesel prices. While those refineries are complex and geared to run a heavier crude slate, they can only process it up to a certain percentage of their total capacity.\u00a0\n\n\n\n\u201cWhile Venezuela and US emergency barrels have been a factor for months now, leading to near maximum US coker utilization, high freight is now a further headwind to\u00a0shipping\u00a0these barrels east and is forcing heavy sour storage builds in the Americas,\u201d Irwin added. Cokers convert residual crude oil into feedstocks for diesel and gasoline production, and a heavier crude slate requires them to run at a higher capacity.\u00a0\n\n\n\nMany US refineries are also configured for\u00a0offshore\u00a0Gulf of Mexico crude such as Mars Sour, rather than Canadian or Venezuelan oil that must be mixed with lighter feedstock.\n\n\n\n(Reporting by Georgina McCartney and Arathy Somasekhar in Houston, Amanda Stephenson in Calgary; Editing by Liz Hampton and Nathan Crooks and David Gregorio)\n\n\n\n(c) Copyright Thomson Reuters 2026.\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t                \n\n\n\t\tSubscribe for Daily Maritime Insights\n\t\tSign up for gCaptain\u2019s newsletter and never miss an update\n        \u2014 trusted by our 106,899 members"
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