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                    "On a normal school day, Mohammed, 17, wakes at 6am, cares for his younger siblings to help his single mother who works as a security guard, then takes two crowded buses and a local train to get to his high school in Sevran, a low-income banlieue town in the suburbs north-east of Paris.\u201cThere aren\u2019t enough chairs or desks to go round, so some students have to stand up,\u201d Mohammed said. \u201cClasses can be so packed you can\u2019t interact with the teacher. In this year\u2019s heatwaves, it felt like 40 degrees in overcrowded classrooms with no shade or curtains. It was so hot my brain couldn\u2019t function.\u201dThe 17-year-old in his last year of high school wants to study management and digital communication at a Paris university. But he said conditions were so poor, he felt all odds were stacked against him and his classmates.\u201cSome of us have to go months without teachers when absent staff aren\u2019t replaced,\u201d he said. \u201cOne class had no French teacher for several months just before the French baccalaureate, so they couldn\u2019t even study all the set texts for their exam. Recently we needed a teacher for a subject taught through English, but when that teacher arrived they didn\u2019t speak English.\u201dThe biggest youth protest movement in the country in decades brought hundreds of thousands on to the streets across France this week demonstrating against inequality in the French education system, decrepit schools, a lack of teachers and large class sizes. Hundreds of schools were blockaded, thousands of teenagers were arrested, and rights groups warned of alleged police brutality, with one child losing the use of eye and another losing a hand.Graffiti on a wall at the Lyc\u00e9e Blaise-Cendrars. Photograph: Ed Alcock/The GuardianMohammed and his classmates, often supported by their parents and teachers, have been at the frontline, barricading their school, the Lyc\u00e9e Blaise-Cendrars, which is in one of mainland France\u2019s poorest d\u00e9partements, Seine-Saint-Denis. They have voted to continue their protests next week, taking their grievances to the local mayor, elected officials and education representatives. Many local politicians have supported their demands. Even the French prime minister, S\u00e9bastien Lecornu, conceded that teenagers had \u201clegitimate\u201d concerns.Photos on the Sevran students\u2019 phones showed broken classroom chairs, holes in walls, holes in ceilings, mould, buckets to catch leaks, faulty lights. They said basic needs weren\u2019t met, with some toilets broken, others with no doors and often no toilet paper or soap. Video projectors and science equipment were lacking.A student shows an example of conditions in the school on their phone. Photograph: Ed Alcock/The Guardian\u201cWe\u2019re not asking for luxury, just the basics to learn in decent conditions,\u201d Mohammed said. \u201cAnd yet police on horseback charged us when we were gathered to protest outside our school, firing teargas at us and making arrests. It\u2019s so dangerous to be charged by a horse, it could kill you. I just ran, I was trying to help my classmates.\u201dThe high schools of Seine-Saint-Denis, a suburban area nudging against northern Paris, have been a driving force in the protests. The area has the youngest population in mainland France, one of the highest birthrates and the among the lowest average income. Local high schools have a high turnover of young teachers.Despite co-hosting the 2024 Paris Olympics, and numerous government plans to try to combat long-running problems of inequality and poverty, the area north-east of Paris is still disadvantaged compared with the capital.In 2005, Seine-Saint-Denis was the starting point for weeks of unrest on housing estates across France, leading to a state of national emergency being declared, after the death of two young boys hiding from police in an electricity substation. This week\u2019s protests have shown that inequality and discrimination has not been addressed in the Paris suburbs and the mistrust between young people and police persists.Sevran\u2019s Lyc\u00e9e Blaise-Cendrars, with more than 1,000 pupils, has been at the heart of protests about school conditions before. In 2024, students and teachers made a viral video about the state of classrooms, toilets and equipment. The local \u00cele de France region said it had put in place a major refurbishment project for high school buildings. But the teenagers said key issues had not been addressed.Lyc\u00e9e Blaise-Cendrars has been at the heart of protests about school conditions before. Photograph: Ed Alcock/The Guardian\u201cWe\u2019re starting at an unfair advantage because our parents aren\u2019t as rich as others, they can\u2019t buy us books, they can\u2019t take us to films,\u201d said Ilian, 17, whose family has Moroccan roots and whose father is a traffic warden. \u201cWe\u2019re missing school during these protests, we risk falling behind in an exam year, we\u2019re desperate to get back into class to study, but the conditions we\u2019re facing are so bad we can\u2019t stop until the government promises action.\u201dThe education ministry this week promised 3,000 teachers to urgently fill gaps, but teachers\u2019 unions expressed doubts and said longer-term plans and more funding was needed, even if the government argues there is little spare cash.Children\u2019s mental health is also an issue in Seine-Saint-Denis. Ilian has been waiting to see a child psychiatrist for months. At the high school, there was no school nurse and a lack of support staff for children with disabilities, he said.\u201cThe police look down on us as if we\u2019re animals\u201d, Ilian said. \u201cThey talk to us with such cruelty.\u201d He told local politicians that some teenagers alleged police had made racial insults against them during protests.St\u00e9phane Troussel, the Socialist head of the Seine-Saint-Denis d\u00e9partement council who met the pupils this week, said: \u201cIt\u2019s intolerable that policing is causing part of the difficulties.\u201d He called for the police to stop using a type of rubber-bullet launcher, after they suspended use of stun grenades following injuries. The French interior minister, Laurent Nu\u00f1ez, has defended policing tactics.St\u00e9phane Blanchet, the local mayor, meets students at the town hall. Photograph: Ed Alcock/The GuardianSt\u00e9phane Blanchet, the mayor of Sevran, said he supported the school protesters\u2019 demands. He said many in his town of 52,000 people, with a higher than average poverty rate, felt \u201crelegated\u201d and forgotten by the state.Sarah, 17, who wanted to study at an elite Paris engineering faculty, and whose warehouse worker father was proud she was protesting and meeting the mayor, said teenagers in the banlieue \u201creally feel abandoned\u201d.She said: \u201cWe\u2019ve been surprised and so appreciative of other teenagers in better-off places in France marching in the streets to support us this week. We know we\u2019re disadvantaged and that we have to work 10 times as hard as others to escape discrimination against our postcode. But we can\u2019t learn properly in these conditions when we\u2019re not even guaranteed a chair to sit on in school.\u201dStudents\u2019 names have been changed"
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