[2110.01834] Thinking Fast and Slow in AI: the Role of Metacognition (https://arxiv.org/static/browse/0.3.4/images/icons/apple-touch-icon.png) (../static/browse/0.3.4/images/icons/favicon-32x32.png) (../static/browse/0.3.4/images/icons/favicon-16x16.png) (../static/browse/0.3.4/images/icons/site.webmanifest) (https://arxiv.org/static/browse/0.3.4/images/icons/safari-pinned-tab.svg) (../static/browse/0.3.4/css/arXiv.css@v=20260318.css)  (../static/browse/0.3.4/css/arXiv-print.css@v=20200611.css)  (../static/browse/0.3.4/css/browse_search.css)  (../static/base/1.0.1/css/arxiv-header-footer.css@v=20260626.css)  (2110.01834.html)                  (../static/browse/0.3.4/css/tooltip.css)  (../../static.arxiv.org/js/bibex-dev/bibex.css@20200709.css)                   (2110.01834.html#content) Skip to main content (https://arxiv.org/IgnoreMe)  (https://arxiv.org/) (archive)       (https://arxiv.org/search)    Search  (https://arxiv.org/user/create) Submit (https://info.arxiv.org/about/donate.html) Donate  (https://arxiv.org/login) Log in   Search arXiv (Search papers by title, author, abstract, or ID...) (all) (header)  Press Enter to search · (https://arxiv.org/search/advanced) Advanced search    Computer Science > Artificial Intelligence  arXiv:2110.01834 (cs)  (../static/base/1.0.1/css/abs.css) [Submitted on 5 Oct 2021] Title: Thinking Fast and Slow in AI: the Role of Metacognition Authors: (https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Ganapini,+M+B) Marianna Bergamaschi Ganapini , (https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Campbell,+M) Murray Campbell , (https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Fabiano,+F) Francesco Fabiano , (https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Horesh,+L) Lior Horesh , (https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Lenchner,+J) Jon Lenchner , (https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Loreggia,+A) Andrea Loreggia , (https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Mattei,+N) Nicholas Mattei , (https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Rossi,+F) Francesca Rossi , (https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Biplav) Biplav Srivastava , (https://arxiv.org/search/cs?searchtype=author&query=Venable,+K+B) Kristen Brent Venable  View a PDF of the paper titled Thinking Fast and Slow in AI: the Role of Metacognition, by Marianna Bergamaschi Ganapini and 8 other authors (https://arxiv.org/pdf/2110.01834) View PDF (https://arxiv.org/html/2110.01834v1) HTML (experimental) Abstract: AI systems have seen dramatic advancement in recent years, bringing many applications that pervade our everyday life. However, we are still mostly seeing instances of narrow AI: many of these recent developments are typically focused on a very limited set of competencies and goals, e.g., image interpretation, natural language processing, classification, prediction, and many others. Moreover, while these successes can be accredited to improved algorithms and techniques, they are also tightly linked to the availability of huge datasets and computational power. State-of-the-art AI still lacks many capabilities that would naturally be included in a notion of (human) intelligence. We argue that a better study of the mechanisms that allow humans to have these capabilities can help us understand how to imbue AI systems with these competencies. We focus especially on D. Kahneman's theory of thinking fast and slow, and we propose a multi-agent AI architecture where incoming problems are solved by either system 1 (or "fast") agents, that react by exploiting only past experience, or by system 2 (or "slow") agents, that are deliberately activated when there is the need to reason and search for optimal solutions beyond what is expected from the system 1 agent. Both kinds of agents are supported by a model of the world, containing domain knowledge about the environment, and a model of "self", containing information about past actions of the system and solvers' skills.  Subjects: Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI)   Cite as: (2110.01834.html) arXiv:2110.01834 [cs.AI]    (or (https://arxiv.org/abs/2110.01834v1) arXiv:2110.01834v1 [cs.AI] for this version)    (https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2110.01834) https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2110.01834   Focus to learn more   arXiv-issued DOI via DataCite        Submission history From: Andrea Loreggia [(https://arxiv.org/show-email/03cbe27b/2110.01834) view email ]  [v1] Tue, 5 Oct 2021 06:05:38 UTC (560 KB)    Full-text links: Access Paper: View a PDF of the paper titled Thinking Fast and Slow in AI: the Role of Metacognition, by Marianna Bergamaschi Ganapini and 8 other authors (https://arxiv.org/pdf/2110.01834) View PDF  (https://arxiv.org/html/2110.01834v1) HTML (experimental)  (https://arxiv.org/src/2110.01834) TeX Source    (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) (Rights to this article) (license icon)  view license    Current browse context: cs.AI (https://arxiv.org/prevnext?id=2110.01834&function=prev&context=cs.AI) (previous in cs.AI (accesskey p)) < prev  |  (https://arxiv.org/prevnext?id=2110.01834&function=next&context=cs.AI) (next in cs.AI (accesskey n)) next >    (https://arxiv.org/list/cs.AI/new) new |  (https://arxiv.org/list/cs.AI/recent) recent |  (https://arxiv.org/list/cs.AI/2021-10) 2021-10  Change to browse by: (https://arxiv.org/abs/2110.01834?context=cs) cs    References & Citations (https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/arXiv:2110.01834) NASA ADS  (https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?arxiv_id=2110.01834) Google Scholar  (https://api.semanticscholar.org/arXiv:2110.01834) Semantic Scholar     (https://dblp.uni-trier.de) DBLP - CS Bibliography (https://dblp.uni-trier.de/db/journals/corr/corr2110.html#abs-2110-01834) (listing on DBLP) listing | (https://dblp.uni-trier.de/rec/bibtex/journals/corr/abs-2110-01834) (DBLP bibtex record) bibtex  (https://dblp.uni-trier.de/search/author?author=Murray%20Campbell) (DBLP author search) Murray Campbell  (https://dblp.uni-trier.de/search/author?author=Lior%20Horesh) (DBLP author search) Lior Horesh  (https://dblp.uni-trier.de/search/author?author=Andrea%20Loreggia) (DBLP author search) Andrea Loreggia  (https://dblp.uni-trier.de/search/author?author=Nicholas%20Mattei) (DBLP author search) Nicholas Mattei  (https://dblp.uni-trier.de/search/author?author=Francesca%20Rossi) (DBLP author search) Francesca Rossi …   export BibTeX citation Loading...  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