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                    "At least 30 men have been executed in eastern Libya since late August after being sentenced to death in secretive military trials and at least 50 others remain at imminent risk of execution, local media and rights groups have reported over the last week.\n\nAmnesty International said the Libyan Arab Armed Forces (LAAF), led by eastern commander Khalifa Haftar and the de facto authorities in the region, resumed executions on 23 August in Libya for the first time since 2010.\u00a0\n\nThose executed had been convicted following \u201cgrossly unfair and secretive trials\u201d marred by torture, the rights group said.\n\nSome of those executed or still awaiting death sentences were convicted of murder and terrorism-related offences linked to fighting between the LAAF and opposing armed groups between 2014 and 2018, Amnesty said.\n\nSeveral detainees claimed to have been tortured by armed groups affiliated with the LAAF following their arrests, including to obtain \u201cconfessions\u201d that were later used as evidence against them, the rights group said.\n    New MEE newsletter: Jerusalem Dispatch\n    \n      \n        Sign up to get the latest insights and analysis on\n      Israel-Palestine, alongside Turkey Unpacked and other MEE newsletters\n    \n  \n\n\u201cThe LAAF authorities must immediately halt all executions,\u201d the organisation said, calling for a moratorium and the overturning of convictions and death sentences handed down following unfair trials.\n\nAmnesty also called on authorities to retry civilians accused of internationally recognised criminal offences in accordance with international standards of fairness in civilian courts that do not use evidence obtained through torture.\n\nIt called on authorities to grant international monitors access to Gernada and other detention sites in eastern Libya.\n\nFamilies refused burials\n\nHuman rights defenders also reported that the authorities prevented some of the executed from being buried by their families, keeping the bodies and burying them themselves.\n\nAmnesty said relatives were reportedly permitted to identify the bodies before burial but told not to hold funerals.\n\nUN bodies have described such treatment as cruel, inhuman and degrading, the organisation said.\n\n\n  \n\nHow a Gaza-bound aid convoy unravelled attempting to enter Haftar-controlled eastern Libya\n    Read More \u00bb\n\n\nThe executions started about two weeks after Major General Fawzi al-Mansouri, the LAAF military intelligence chief, was killed in a car bomb attack in Benghazi in August.\u00a0\u00a0\n\nSeparately, Libyan rights group Crime Monitoring Organisation\u00a0said it had documented 31 executions at Gernada and al-Kuwayfiyah prisons by 10 September.\n\nIt said the prisoners had been sentenced by military courts and that case files had not been made public, making it difficult to independently assess whether fair trial guarantees had been respected.\n\nThe Libya Al-Ahrar television channel reported that families had been informed of further executions at the two prisons.\n\nThe executions had been condemned by the UN and the Libyan authorities in Tripoli, it said.\n\nOn 17 September, the UN Support Mission in Libya said that more than 30 people had been executed in eastern Libya in recent weeks and urged an immediate halt to any further executions.\n\nIt said the resumption of executions had ended Libya\u2019s de facto moratorium on the death penalty that had lasted about 15 years.\n\nMilitary prosecutions\n\nAmnesty said military courts in eastern Libya had repeatedly violated defendants' rights to a fair trial, including access to lawyers, sufficient time to prepare a defence, the right to remain silent and the right to a public hearing before an independent and impartial court.\n\nThe organisation added that military prosecutors and judges in the east are not independent because they are affiliated with the LAAF or allied armed groups.\n\nIn 2017, Libya\u2019s eastern-based House of Representatives passed a law giving military courts jurisdiction over civilians accused of terrorism and crimes committed in \u201cmilitary areas\u201d. The law was later declared unconstitutional by Libya\u2019s Constitutional Chamber.\u00a0\n\nExecutions have resumed as UN-led efforts to unify Libya\u2019s rival institutions and prepare the country for national elections continue.\n\n\n  \n\nHow the UAE continued supporting Sudan's RSF through Haftar and Libya\n    Read More \u00bb\n\n\nAmnesty said the eastern authorities should halt all executions and conduct independent and impartial investigations into allegations of torture and other ill-treatment.\n\nThe executions come as the country remains split between rival administrations, with the internationally recognised Government of National Unity controlling the west and an administration allied with Haftar\u2019s forces controlling the east and much of the south.\n\nThe LAAF\u2019s hold on eastern Libya dates back to Haftar\u2019s 2014 Operation Dignity, which was launched from Benghazi against armed groups. His forces later used the campaign to tighten their grip on much of eastern Libya.\n\nHaftar\u2019s forces,\u00a0along with the UAE, have also continued to support Sudan\u2019s Rapid Support Forces (RSF),\u00a0which have been widely accused of genocide, Middle East Eye reported in June.\n\nInvestigators found training camps for RSF fighters in eastern and southern Libya."
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