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                    "When the shooting starts, Sara tells her children to lie flat on the ground; the bullets, she said, can go straight through her family\u2019s tent.Sara, who asked that her real name not be used, has been arbitrarily detained for nearly a decade in Roj camp in Syria\u2019s far northeast, which holds more than 2,300 children and mothers, many of whom are held on the basis of alleged family or other associations with ISIL.Recommended Stories list of 4 itemslist 1 of 4Analysis: ISIL attacks could undermine US-Syria security collaborationlist 2 of 4Australian ISIL relatives sent back to Syria\u2019s Roj camp after releaselist 3 of 4Women and children remain trapped in Syria\u2019s Roj camplist 4 of 4\u2018Just ask Grok\u2019: How ISIL is using Big Tech\u2019s AI to build bombsend of listHer children have grown up behind guarded fences topped with barbed wire and tangled with rubbish that often blocks the view of the barren, windswept landscape beyond.United Nations experts and human rights groups describe open-ended detention in camps such as Roj as a breach of international law.In recent months, women in the camp told Al Jazeera that the situation has steadily escalated: gunfire at night, stones thrown by guards and a boy left with a serious head injury.Complaints to the administration, they say, bring promises but little else. \u201cEvery cry for help results in another wave of aggression,\u201d one mother said.Al Jazeera cannot independently verify their accounts, but they match reports by UN investigators and NGOs.On September 8, the UN Independent Commission of Inquiry on Syria told the body\u2019s Human Rights Council that conditions in Roj had worsened over the past year, with regular night raids, extortion and violence by camp security.It described the camp as the world\u2019s largest site of mass arbitrary detention of women and children on security grounds.A young girl looks out from a tent in a section of Roj Camp in eastern Syria [File: Baderkhan Ahmad/AP Photo]Who really controls the camp?The violence comes amid sweeping change in the region.On August 25, the Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF), once a key US ally in the fight against ISIL, announced it would dissolve as an independent military force under an agreement with Syria\u2019s central government in Damascus.After a government offensive in January, the SDF lost much of the territory under its control and agreed to merge with the national army.Its commander, Mazloum Abdi, has since been appointed a presidential adviser.Roj, which the SDF had controlled until last month, is now the Syrian state\u2019s responsibility.But inside the camp, detainees said the transition has been anything but smooth.One woman described to Al Jazeera a divided security presence, with those who accepted integration with the government on one side and holdouts who refused or were rejected on the other, and tensions between them that play out over the heads of the women and children.In an open letter published on Monday, 11 mothers in Roj wrote that many of the same guards remain.\u201cWhile individuals\u2019 [affiliations] may have changed,\u201d one woman told Al Jazeera, \u201cthe people themselves remain the same\u201d.A woman and a child stand in Roj camp [File: Baderkhan Ahmad/AP Photo]No legal basis for detentionChildren from more than 50 countries remain stranded in Syria.None has been given an individual legal process to determine why they are held, or for how long.Fionnuala Ni Aolain, who served as UN special rapporteur on counter-terrorism and human rights from 2017 to 2023 and now sits on its inquiry commission, visited the camp in 2023.Upwards of 70,000 people were once detained in al-Hol, another larger camp in the northeast holding the families of alleged ISIL fighters. In 2023, more than 52,000 people \u2013 mostly Syrians and Iraqis \u2013 were held in al-Hol and Roj, including an estimated 12,000 foreign nationals.She found that conditions met \u201cthe threshold for torture under international law\u201d. The violence women and children face now, she told Al Jazeera, is worse.\u201cIt is utterly unacceptable that women and children who have never been convicted of any crimes, who have never been subject to any legal process, are being detained in this way,\u201d she said.There is no legal basis for their arbitrary detention, she said, adding that the remedy is release.In January, order at al-Hol collapsed in chaos. The fate of thousands who had been held there remains unknown.An SDF patrol at the al-Hol camp in northeastern Syria in February 2025 [File: Nils Adler/Al Jazeera]Beatrice Eriksson, a spokesperson for the Swedish branch of the rights organisation Repatriate the Children, which has been in contact with hundreds of mothers in the camps since 2019, told Al Jazeera that boys have been taken from their mothers as young as 12 or 13 and initially held in so-called rehabilitation centres.Some have since been transferred to Iraq, she said, while others have been transferred to a makeshift prison for adult alleged ISIL fighters in northeast Syria.Eriksson argues that integrating former SDF-controlled forces and administrative structures into the Syrian government could provide an opportunity for change.She said responsibility for the families has shifted from a non-state group to an internationally recognised government with which most of their home countries have diplomatic relations.However, some detainees told Al Jazeera that they feel trapped. Governments tell them to reach out to an embassy, but their detention makes that impossible.Ni Aolain said the responsibility does not just lie with the Syrian government, which is \u201cdoing its best to manage the massive post-conflict needs of the population as a whole\u201d.Instead, she said part of the blame clearly lies with foreign governments, \u201cwho have remained persistently stony-faced and unwilling to accept responsibility for their nationals\u201d.\u201cIt is not consistent with solidarity and support for a transitional state, and it\u2019s an abdication of both their human rights and their security responsibilities to Syria\u201d, she said.For the women and children in Roj camp, the current situation is not sustainable.\u201cWe want the next steps to begin where we\u2019ll see an end to the suffering of our children,\u201d one woman told\u00a0 Al Jazeera, \u201ceven if that means going to prison back home.\u201dAt the time of publication, Syria\u2019s Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Expatriates had not responded to Al Jazeera\u2019s request for comment on the reports of violence at Roj as well as the government\u2019s plans for the camp and its detainees.The camp administration also did not respond to Al Jazeera\u2019s request for comment."
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