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                    "Col. A., a veteran fighter pilot and former Ramat David Air Base commander, says civilian-risk assessments are built into every stage of strike planning and disputes the documentary\u2019s claim that an attack was approved despite an estimated toll of 500 civiliansHe does not want his name published, but he wants his argument heard. Reserve Col. A., a fighter pilot with the Israeli Air Force\u2019s 101 Squadron who says he has taken part in thousands of strikes across multiple fronts and until about a year ago commanded Ramat David Air Base, rarely speaks publicly. But after the documentary NAZA won at the Venice Film Festival and reignited debate over Israel\u2019s conduct in Gaza, he decided to respond.A. says he has not seen the film itself or heard the testimony in full, and is responding to descriptions and headlines about it. \u201cI haven\u2019t seen the film or heard the testimonies. I\u2019ve seen paraphrases by people who have, and I\u2019ve seen the headlines,\u201d he said. \u201cBut whoever took a process whose entire purpose is to put the truth, transparency, dilemmas and morality directly in front of you, as clearly and precisely as possible, and turned it into a claim that we deliberately tried to harm civilians, has done something astonishingly cynical. They have turned the entire process on its head.\u201dGalleryThe Israeli Air Force command bunker (Photo: IDF)At the center of the controversy is nezek agavi, Hebrew for collateral damage and the phrase behind the acronym NAZA. A. describes it not as a single calculation but as part of an extensive system of intelligence, target verification, risk assessment and operational approvals developed by the IDF and Air Force over decades. He argues that the system was built to confront armed groups operating from within civilian areas. \u201cThe enemy does not separate the civilian population from terrorist infrastructure,\u201d he said. \u201cThe missile is in the bedroom, the weapons depot is in the children\u2019s room, the headquarters is on one floor of a densely populated civilian building and the hospital is used as a command center. That is not an accident. It is deliberate planning.\u201dA. argues that Gaza\u2019s density alone does not explain that deployment. \u201cGaza is crowded, but it also has open and agricultural areas. If the enemy wanted to separate itself from the population, it could have done so. It deliberately chose otherwise,\u201d he said.Describing the planning of an airstrike, A. said a proposed target begins with intelligence and must be verified as being used for terrorist activity under what he described as highly stringent standards. If there is uncertainty, he said, the target is rejected. Once verified, it passes through additional approvals before the final strike configuration is generally authorized by a senior officer.\u201cAs a pilot, I\u2019m the fourth stage in that process,\u201d he said. \u201cThere are conditions that have to be met: weather, visibility, precise identification.\u201d He said drones, helicopters or surveillance aircraft may scan the area before a strike to determine whether people are nearby, while aircrews can delay an attack or change the munition if conditions change. \u201cIf something doesn\u2019t add up, I have discretion. Sometimes you change the size of the bomb. Sometimes you use a \u2018roof knock\u2019 to get people out of the building before the strike. An enormous amount of time is invested in trying to make sure nobody gets hurt.\u201dThe final moments before releasing a weapon, he said, can involve what he called an extremely difficult judgment. \u201cYou ask yourself what the operational achievement is compared with the risk. It\u2019s a multistory building. The risk to civilians is this or that, and the operational gain is eliminating a Hamas brigade commander. They give you as much information as possible to help you decide what is right.\u201dHe recalled one operation in which an aircrew asked to wait because the conditions were not right. \u201cI once saw an operational crew say, \u2018I\u2019m not carrying this out under these conditions. Let\u2019s wait another two minutes,\u2019\u201d he said. \u201cAnd during those exact two minutes, a barrage was fired from the launcher they were supposed to destroy.\u201dYuval Abraham and Rachel Szor after winning at the Venice Film Festival (Photo: Scott A Garfitt/Invision/AP)One allegation surrounding NAZA has drawn particular attention: testimony that a strike was approved despite the possibility of causing hundreds of civilian deaths, reportedly as many as 500. A. emphatically disputes that account. \u201cI was responsible for planning and carrying out thousands of strikes,\u201d he said. \u201cI never encountered a number like that, or anything close to it. I can say with a high degree of confidence: There was no such approved strike.\u201dAt the same time, he does not deny the civilian toll inherent in war. \u201cEvery strike carries a risk of harming uninvolved people, and on a human level that is terrible. War is genuinely hell,\u201d he said. \u201cEven five or 10 dead is unacceptable. I would want the number to be zero in every strike. But the alternative, raising a white flag and leaving the rockets where they are, is not an alternative.\u201dFor A., that calculation is also personal. \u201cI know my brothers in Golani are on the ground below me, and my family is in Hamas\u2019 sights in Sderot,\u201d he said. \u201cI know I am the solution. I am what stands between that rocket and the home or the force it is aimed at, and I am very proud to be the person who meets that threat before it reaches our civilians and our soldiers.\u201dDespite his criticism, A. said he is not angry with filmmakers Yuval Abraham and Rachel Szor. \u201cThey were, at the very least, wrong in their perspective. Maybe they even lost their moral compass,\u201d he said. \u201cBut if I met them, I wouldn\u2019t throw accusations at them.\u201dHe said he sees scrutiny of the military as an essential part of a democratic society. \u201cI love investigations, criticism and transparency. That is what makes me proud to serve in the military of a democratic and liberal country, one that allows difficult questions to be asked even about itself,\u201d he said. Instead, he would ask the filmmakers one question: \u201cWhat would you have done in my place?\u201d\u201cI think anyone with a head on their shoulders and a heart in their chest would answer that they would have done exactly the same thing,\u201d he said. \u201cI sleep peacefully with regard to my duty to the paratrooper maneuvering below me, to my family in Sderot and to the Israeli public in whose name I fight.\u201d\u201cWe don\u2019t have a millimeter to be ashamed of,\u201d he added. \u201cBut there is not the slightest bit of joy in us over what we were forced to do.\u201d"
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