{
    "byline": "By Asel Murzakulova",
    "charset": "UTF-8",
    "dir": null,
    "excerpt": "Labor migration to Russia has traditionally played a central role in Kyrgyzstan\u2019s economy. Between 2012 and 2021, average remittance inflows were the equivalent of\u00a0 30 percent of Kyrgyzstan\u2019s GDP. Following Russia\u2019s full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, the share of remittances in GDP has fluctuated, falling to approximately 17.6 percent in 2024. Despite this instability, remittance inflows have remained historically high in absolute terms. The volatility of recent years nevertheless points to a broader shift in the relationship between remittances and the Kyrgyz economy, suggesting that the country\u2019s long-standing dependence on migration income is becoming more complex and potentially less predictable.",
    "lang": null,
    "length": 13460,
    "publishedTime": null,
    "siteName": null,
    "title": "Rethinking Russia, Re-evaluating Risk: The Changing Face of Kyrgyz Migration"
}