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                    "When Andy Markoff deployed to Mosul with the U.S. Marine Raiders in 2016, one of the challenges they faced as they pushed ISIS fighters back along a hundred-mile front was that they never had enough munitions, he said.Markoff explained that calling in air support was an effective way to clear an area, but with thousands of potential targets and few available weapon systems, he constantly had to calculate whether a particular target was worth it.\u201cEven if that target wasn\u2019t active, knowing that it might be and maintaining availability of that type of a weapon system on station in case it showed up, that was all math I was doing in my head,\u201d he said, adding, \u201cWe had to be really careful about saving those munitions.\u201dIn an interview with Military Times, Markoff, now the co-founder and chief executive of Smack Technologies, said his experience in Mosul illustrates the kind of problem his company\u2019s artificial intelligence software, Omega, is designed to help solve.Earlier this month, Markoff spoke with Military Times about Smack\u2019s Alpha, the wrist-worn device for which the company recently raised $61 million. He followed up to discuss its flagship product, Omega. The company shared a 14-minute video demonstration typically reserved for general officers.\u201cWhat the demo shows is a Joint Fires workflow from long-range planning, through what we would call basically the deliberate planning cycle, through the phased execution horizon, to literally right now: What do we do in the context of that larger plan?\u201d he said.According to the video, a commander begins the process by uploading intelligence and planning documents to give Omega operational context. The commander can then customize that information by selecting factors, such as units and boundaries. Lastly, the system generates high-level plans and detailed workflows.\u201cThe outputs of this workflow look like what a human would create. We\u2019re just generating it automatically for them and then letting them adjust it \u2026 We\u2019re just doing it faster and helping them run calculations that are complicated enough that you don\u2019t want to have someone do it on a whiteboard,\u201d Markoff said.He explained that Omega\u2019s goal is to determine not just which targets to strike, but how to sequence strikes over the course of a month or two to systematically degrade an adversarial force. He added that Omega gives commanders options, along with the pros and cons of each.\u201cSometimes it takes people like a month to build that plan. Building the next one to four days takes one to four days,\u201d he said. \u201cAnd figuring out, \u2018What do we do right now?\u2019 Well, the good news is you only have a few seconds, and it only takes a few seconds.\u201dDuring the execution phase shown in the video, a commander can monitor operations in real time and adjust plans using information like new intelligence reports, inventory lists or weather forecasts.For comparison, Smack\u2019s demo likens Omega to Amazon\u2019s approach to the \u201clast-mile delivery problem,\u201d which refers to the logistical challenge of finding the most efficient and resourceful way to get a package to its destination.Markoff explained the reasoning behind the comparison, saying that while risk tolerances and resources can change during an operation, the overall objective may not.\u201cIt\u2019s not just a scheduling problem, but it\u2019s a pairing of assets and scheduling of assets,\u201d he said, adding that it\u2019s \u201coptimizing that usage in the context of what we\u2019re trying to do long term.\u201dThe demo depicts Omega generating a large number of actions, targets and destinations. The software is designed for campaign-level threats and for developing plans at both the operational and tactical levels. But his company is actively expanding the scope of what it offers to include coordinating humanitarian efforts.\u201cThat has not been the use case that our contracts have focused on, but there is absolutely a demand signal and a requirement for it that we are getting from the users, and it is something that we are building into that longer term,\u201d he said.While Smack has already shared parts of the demo in marketing materials, the company is in the process of transitioning from prototyping to production, Markoff said. Smack currently has contracts with three U.S. military branches and expects to expand to all six by the end of the year.Daniel Terrill is a contributor to Military Times. He\u2019s been reporting on military issues, the gun industry, and the outdoors for nearly two decades. Although writing is his passion, he\u2019s been a Marine, police officer, and, perhaps the most dangerous job of his career, a substitute teacher."
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