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In the scenario, critical infrastructure in the central Finnish city of Kuopio, including power and water, has been disrupted by cyberattacks and there\u2019s the threat of missile strikes from Finland\u2019s neighbor, Russia.\n \n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n People are attending the civil defense exercise Shelter 2026 in Kuopio, Finland, Wednesday, Sept. 2, 2026. The exercise is testing how a large number of people can be protected in different types of disruption and during emergency conditions. (Matias Honkamaa/Lehtikuva via AP) \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n People are laying on portable beds during the civil defense exercise Shelter 2026 in Kuopio, Finland, Wednesday, Sept. 2, 2026. The exercise is testing how a large number of people can be protected in different types of disruption and during emergency conditions. (Matias Honkamaa/Lehtikuva via AP) \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n The goal is for local authorities and ordinary people to rehearse what they would do if they came under attack for real.But while underground bunkers and shelters may offer some protection from missiles, they are no defense against the campaign of sabotage and disruption that Western officials say Russia is carrying out across Europe. That has involved setting fires, attacking water facilities and power stations, and sending drones for sabotage into European Union airspace. Finland\u2019s border with Russia stretches more than 830 miles (1,300 kilometers) from the Baltic Sea up to the Arctic Circle. In 2024, along with Sweden, Finland joined NATO, following Russian President Vladimir Putin\u2019s full-scale invasion of Ukraine. Until then, Finns were prepared to defend themselves against Russia largely alone. \n \nFinland looks to Ukraine for lessons Finland\u2019s defense, said retired Army Colonel Asko Muhonen, relies not only on the military but on the \u201cmindset\u201d of ordinary Finns who are ready to take responsibility for their country\u2019s security.Muhonen, who organized the exercise in Kuopio, said that comes partly from the system of conscription which continued in Finland, even after the collapse of the Soviet Union.\n\nNot everyone is happy about doing national service but \u201cit\u2019s our duty to serve and protect this country like people have before us. That\u2019s why we have our independence,\u201d said Jyry Pietikainen, 23, a conscript who was taught how to run the Kuopio shelter overnight.Finland also needs to learn lessons from Ukraine, Muhonen said. \n \n \n \n\n\n \n \u201cIt\u2019s our duty to serve and protect this country like people have before us. That\u2019s why we have our independence.\u201d \n\n \n Jyry Pietikainen, 23, a conscript who was taught how to operate the Kuopio shelter overnight.\n \n \n \nWhile the biggest shelter in Kuopio can fit 7,000 people, Ukrainians sometimes only have a few minutes to run to a subway station or underground parking lot. That means people need a shelter they can reach easily that offers some form of protection \u2014 not necessarily one that can withstand a nuclear attack, he said.\n \nDmytro Untila, 20, a Ukrainian student at the university in Kuopio, was at home in Odesa when Russian missiles struck his city on Feb. 24, 2022, the first day of the war. He sheltered in the entrance hall of his building because he didn\u2019t have anywhere else to go, he said.\n \n \n\n \n \n\n Sign up for Morning Wire:\n Our flagship newsletter breaks down the biggest headlines of the day.\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n Lights are turned off during the civil defense exercise Shelter 2026 in Kuopio, Finland, Wednesday, Sept. 2, 2026. The exercise is testing how a large number of people can be protected in different types of disruption and during emergency conditions. (Matias Honkamaa/Lehtikuva via AP) \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n Training for such a situation would have definitely helped in Ukraine, he said, \u201cbecause nobody knew this could happen.\u201dThe biggest threat to energy infrastructure in the Kuopio region is heavy snowfall, storms and bad weather, said Juha R\u00e4s\u00e4nen, CEO at the Savon Voima electricity company. \n \nBut since the invasion of Ukraine, and the company\u2019s decision to stop buying Russian biofuel, the number of cyberattacks against the network has significantly increased, R\u00e4s\u00e4nen said.Last year, engineers also found at least 10 stickers placed on particularly vulnerable parts of the energy network infrastructure. Other energy companies in Finland have also found them and don\u2019t know where they came from, he said. \u201cIf there was an explosion at that point, it could destroy a whole dam,\u201d R\u00e4s\u00e4nen said. Drones have also been spotted over power lines but those responsible have not been identified, he said. \n \nIt is not possible to guard against all threats, R\u00e4s\u00e4nen said, which is why it\u2019s important people are prepared to look after themselves without help for at least 72 hours \u2014 if the power supply goes out, or if water becomes undrinkable.\n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n Finnish conscripts measure radiation levels at a shelter in Kuopio, Finland, during a civil defense exercise Wednesday, Sept. 2, 2026. (AP Photo/Emma Burrows) \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n The Finnish Security and Intelligence Service said it investigated \u201ca wide range of observations\u201d and found nothing of concern. Since 2022, people have been more vigilant because of the security situation and therefore have reported things like reflective stickers related to land survey works, it said in a statement. Drone sightings, it said, have \u201clargely been explained by everyday occurrences.\u201d\u201cSmall things are happening all the time,\u201d including Russian jamming of GPS signals, said Vuokko Lahtinen, 32, who was visiting a sauna in Kuopio.For that reason, \u201cthe best defense of Finland is to make it not worth attacking,\u201d she said. That relies on the country\u2019s military and defense forces but also Finnish people who feel like \u201cwe have something we want to fight for,\u201d she said.In Finland, she said, there is a \u201cgeneral feeling of responsibility,\u201d which has grown out of local community groups and even initiatives such as recycling.\u201cOn a very simple daily level, if you do things that matter, then it has a butterfly-wing effect,\u201d Lahtinen said.\n \nFinland fought several wars with the Soviet UnionIn its wars with the Soviet Union, Finland lost around 11% of its territory, and more than 400,000 people, around 12% of the population, fled their homes from an area that is now in western Russia.At Kuopio\u2019s veterans\u2019 museum, Risto Mo\u0308nkko\u0308nen, 95, showed AP a piece of paper on which he had written down the dates the city was bombed and who died.\u201cI cannot forget it,\u201d he said explaining how, as a child, he and his father ran into a shelter just as a bomb hit, killing five of his father\u2019s friends. Pirkko Naukkarinen, 102, recalled how, aged 16, she worked in a field kitchen by the front lines, sometimes sharing dugouts with soldiers and diving for cover in ditches as the Soviet air force attacked the retreating Finnish army. \n \n\n \n \n \n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n Pirkko Naukkarinen, a Finnish war veteran, looks over photos from World War II in an album at a museum in Kuopio, Finland, Tuesday, Sept. 1, 2026. (AP Photo/Emma Burrows) \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n Aili Toivanen, 92, told AP she was forced to leave her home twice over the various wars. Both times, her family was told by Finnish soldiers that they had one hour to pack their belongings.The first time, she looked back and saw her home burning \u2014 set on fire by Finnish soldiers who did not want to leave anything behind, she said. The second time, she said, the Soviet air force bombed the family\u2019s departing train and they jumped out, hiding in ditches before they took refuge in Kuopio.When Putin invaded Ukraine in 2022, she said, with tears in her eyes, that she worried she would have to leave her home for a third time.Finns feel their country is worth fighting forAt the shelter in Kuopio, thousands of people filed in, including schoolchildren and university students.\u201cKids would need to know this, because they might have to do something alone. The adults can\u2019t always help,\u201d said Amanda Hill, 11, whose school studied in the shelter for the day.\n \n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n Ready-to-eat meals are being served for the attendees during the civil defense exercise Shelter 2026 in Kuopio, Finland, Wednesday, Sept. 2, 2026. The exercise is testing how a large number of people can be protected in different types of disruption and during emergency conditions. (Matias Honkamaa/Lehtikuva via AP) \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n Attendees are eating ready-to-eat meals during the civil defense exercise Shelter 2026 in Kuopio, Finland, Wednesday, Sept. 2, 2026. The exercise is testing how a large number of people can be protected in different types of disruption and during emergency conditions. (Matias Honkamaa/Lehtikuva via AP) \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n \n \n\n \n \u201cKids would need to know this, because they might have to do something alone. The adults can\u2019t always help.\u201d \n\n \n Amanda Hill, 11, whose school studied in the shelter for the day.\n \n \n \nSitting on the floor of the shelter with his fellow conscripts, Pietikainen explained why it\u2019s not crazy to practice what happens in a crisis.\u201cWe\u2019re Finns, so we\u2019re kind of pessimistic about life in a way,\u201d but history shows what can happen with Russia, he said.When it comes to the threats from Moscow, Muhonen said, \u201cdon\u2019t believe what they say but observe what they do.\u201d\n \n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n People outside the shelter at the beginning of civil defense exercise Shelter 2026 in Kuopio, Finland, Wednesday, Sept. 2, 2026. The exercise is testing how a large number of people can be protected in different types of disruption and during emergency conditions. (Matias Honkamaa/Lehtikuva via AP) \n\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n\n\n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n \n\n \n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n \n \n\n \n\n\n\n\n \n\n \n \n \n People stand at an entrance of a shelter designed to withstand chemical, nuclear and biological attacks during at civil defense exercise in Kuopio, Finland, Wednesday, Sept. 2, 2026. 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