Quds Force - Wikipedia (/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.parsoid.styles%7Cext.cite.styles%7Cext.timeline.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cmediawiki.skinning.content.parsoid%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022) (/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022) (//upload.wikimedia.org) (/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png) (/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico) (/w/rest.php/v1/search) (Wikipedia (en)) (//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quds_Force) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en) (Wikipedia Atom feed) (/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom) (//meta.wikimedia.org)  (auth.wikimedia.org)   Jump to content (Main menu)  Main menu  Main menu move to sidebar hide  Navigation  (/wiki/Main_Page) (Visit the main page [z]) Main page   (/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents) (Guides to browsing Wikipedia) Contents   (/wiki/Portal:Current_events) (Articles related to current events) Current events   (/wiki/Special:Random) (Visit a randomly selected article [x]) Random article   (/wiki/Wikipedia:About) (Learn about Wikipedia and how it works) About Wikipedia   (//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us) (How to contact Wikipedia) Contact us      Contribute  (/wiki/Help:Contents) (Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia) Help   (/wiki/Help:Introduction) (Learn how to edit Wikipedia) Learn to edit   (/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal) (The hub for editors) Community portal   (/wiki/Special:RecentChanges) (A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]) Recent changes   (/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard) (Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia) Upload file   (/wiki/Special:SpecialPages) (A list of all special pages [q]) Special pages           (/wiki/Main_Page) () (Wikipedia) (The Free Encyclopedia)    (/wiki/Special:Search) (Search Wikipedia [f])  Search  (Search Wikipedia) (Search Wikipedia [f])   (Special:Search)  Search           (Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color)  Appearance         (https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en) Donate   (/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Quds+Force) (You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory) Create account   (/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Quds+Force) (You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. 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[o])  Log in                  Contents move to sidebar hide  (Top)   1 Name     2 History and mission    Toggle History and mission subsection  2.1 Predecessors   2.1.1 Liberation Movements Unit     2.1.2 9th Badr Brigade of the IRGC     2.1.3 Ramadan Headquarters     2.1.4 Lebanon Corps         3 Organization    Toggle Organization subsection  3.1 Subdivisions     3.2 Size     3.3 Financing     3.4 Outside analysis       4 Activities    Toggle Activities subsection  4.1 Afghanistan     4.2 India     4.3 United States     4.4 South America     4.5 Iraq   4.5.1 2006 detainment in Iraq     4.5.2 New York Sun report     4.5.3 U.S. raid on Iranian liaison office     4.5.4 Allegations of involvement in Karbala attack     4.5.5 Allegations of support for Iraqi militants     4.5.6 Allegations by U.S. President Bush     4.5.7 Detainment of alleged bomb smuggler     4.5.8 Allegations of 2007 market attack     4.5.9 Allegations of ties to Al-Qaeda     4.5.10 Combat against Islamic State     4.5.11 2020 drone strike on Qasem Soleimani in Iraq       4.6 Lebanon     4.7 Syria     4.8 Africa     4.9 Germany     4.10 Yemen       5 Commanders    Toggle Commanders subsection  5.1 Timeline       6 Designation as a terrorist organization    Toggle Designation as a terrorist organization subsection  6.1 Sanctions       7 Timeline    Toggle Timeline subsection  7.1 1980s     7.2 1990s     7.3 2000s     7.4 2010s     7.5 2020s       8 See also     9 References    Toggle References subsection  9.1 Sources   9.1.1 Books     9.1.2 Journal articles               (Table of Contents)  Toggle the table of contents      Quds Force    40 languages  (https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koeds-mag) (Koeds-mag – Afrikaans) Afrikaans   (https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3) (فيلق القدس – Arabic) العربية   (https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3) (فيلق القدس – Egyptian Arabic) مصرى   (https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C3%BCds_Q%C3%BCvv%C9%99l%C9%99ri) (Qüds Qüvvələri – Azerbaijani) Azərbaycanca   (https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%B3_%DA%AF%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%88) (قودس گوجو – South Azerbaijani) تۆرکجه   (https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%81) (Кодс – Belarusian) Беларуская   (https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nerzhio%C3%B9_Al-Qods) (Nerzhioù Al-Qods – Breton) Brezhoneg   (https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/For%C3%A7a_Quds) (Força Quds – Catalan) Català   (https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%BE%DB%8E%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D9%82%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%B3) (ھێزی قودس – Central Kurdish) کوردی   (https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jednotky_Quds) (Jednotky Quds – Czech) Čeština   (https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quds-Einheit) (Quds-Einheit – German) Deutsch   (https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CF%8D%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%B7_%CE%9A%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BD%CF%84%CF%82) (Δύναμη Κουντς – Greek) Ελληνικά   (https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuerza_Quds) (Fuerza Quds – Spanish) Español   (https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C_%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3_%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%87_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C) (نیروی قدس سپاه پاسداران انقلاب اسلامی – Persian) فارسی   (https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quds-joukot) (Quds-joukot – Finnish) Suomi   (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force_Al-Qods) (Force Al-Qods – French) Français   (https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%97_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%93%D7%A1) (כוח קודס – Hebrew) עברית   (https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quds_Force) (Quds Force – Fiji Hindi) Fiji Hindi   (https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%82%D5%B8%D5%A4%D5%BD_%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%AA%D5%A5%D6%80) (Ղոդս ուժեր – Armenian) Հայերեն   (https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasukan_Quds) (Pasukan Quds – Indonesian) Bahasa Indonesia   (https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forza_Quds) (Forza Quds – Italian) Italiano   (https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B4%E3%83%89%E3%82%B9%E8%BB%8D) (ゴドス軍 – Japanese) 日本語   (https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BF%A0%EB%93%9C%EC%8A%A4%EA%B5%B0) (쿠드스군 – Korean) 한국어   (https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%DB%81_%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3) (سپاہ قدس – Kashmiri) کٲشُر   (https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%C5%82y_Ghods) (Siły Ghods – Polish) Polski   (https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%DB%81_%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3) (سپاہ قدس – Western Punjabi) پنجابی   (https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3_%DA%81%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%A9) (د قدس ځواک – Pashto) پښتو   (https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/For%C3%A7a_Quds) (Força Quds – Portuguese) Português   (https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/For%C8%9Ba_Al-Quds) (Forța Al-Quds – Romanian) Română   (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8B_%C2%AB%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%81%C2%BB) (Силы «Кудс» – Russian) Русский   (https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quds_Force) (Quds Force – Simple English) Simple English   (https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enota_Al_Quds) (Enota Al Quds – Slovenian) Slovenščina   (https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D) (குத்ஸ் படைகள் – Tamil) தமிழ்   (https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%8C) (กองกำลังโกดส์ – Thai) ไทย   (https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kud%C3%BCs_G%C3%BCc%C3%BC) (Kudüs Gücü – Turkish) Türkçe   (https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%C2%AB%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%81%C2%BB) (Сили «Кудс» – Ukrainian) Українська   (https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%DB%81_%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3) (سپاہ قدس – Urdu) اردو   (https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quds_kuchlari) (Quds kuchlari – Uzbek) Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча   (https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%E1%BB%B1c_l%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3ng_Quds) (Lực lượng Quds – Vietnamese) Tiếng Việt   (https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%96%E5%9F%8E%E8%BB%8D) (聖城軍 – Chinese) 中文    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(Page extended-confirmed-protected)       From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia    Iranian special external operations force (established 1988) (./Category:Articles_with_short_description)  (./Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata)     (./Category:Wikipedia_extended-confirmed-protected_pages#Quds%20Force)  (This page is subject to the extended confirmed restriction related to the Arab-Israeli conflict.)   (./Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_January_2020)    Quds Force  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Quds_Force.svg)    Flag of Quds Force   Founded 1988;  38 years ago  (1988 ) as an independent force  Country ()     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran) (Iran) Iran   Type (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_operations_force) (Special operations force) Special operations force   Role (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extraterritorial_operations) (Extraterritorial operations) Extraterritorial operations , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unconventional_warfare) (Unconventional warfare) Unconventional warfare , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_Intelligence) (Military Intelligence) Military Intelligence , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_operations) (Black operations) Black operations   Size 5,000[ 1]      Part of ()     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps) (Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps) Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps   Engagements  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran–Iraq_War) (Iran–Iraq War) Iran–Iraq War  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet–Afghan_War) (Soviet–Afghan War) Soviet–Afghan War  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanese_Civil_War) (Lebanese Civil War) Lebanese Civil War (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982_Lebanon_War) (1982 Lebanon War) 1982 Lebanon War    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Lebanon_conflict_(1985–2000)) (South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000)) South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yugoslav_Wars) (Yugoslav Wars) Yugoslav Wars (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosnian_War) (Bosnian War) Bosnian War    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001–2021)) (War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)) War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001_uprising_in_Herat) (2001 uprising in Herat) Battle of Herat    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insurgency_in_Sistan_and_Balochistan) (Insurgency in Sistan and Balochistan) Insurgency in Sistan and Balochistan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_civil_war) (Syrian civil war) Syrian civil war (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war) (Iranian intervention in the Syrian civil war) Iranian intervention in Syria (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qusayr_offensive) (Al-Qusayr offensive) Al-Qusayr offensive  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Southern_Syria_offensive) (2015 Southern Syria offensive) 2015 Southern Syria offensive  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Zabadani_(2015)) (Battle of Zabadani (2015)) Battle of Zabadani (2015)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuweires_offensive) (Kuweires offensive) Kuweires offensive  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_offensive_(October–November_2015)) (Northwestern Syria offensive (October–November 2015)) Northwestern Syria offensive (October–November 2015)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(October–December_2015)) (Aleppo offensive (October–December 2015)) Aleppo offensive (October–December 2015)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Aleppo_offensive_(2015–2016)) (East Aleppo offensive (2015–2016)) East Aleppo offensive (2015–2016)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_offensive_(February_2016)) (Northern Aleppo offensive (February 2016)) Northern Aleppo offensive (February 2016)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(March_2016)) (Palmyra offensive (March 2016)) Palmyra offensive (March 2016)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Southern_Aleppo_campaign) (2016 Southern Aleppo campaign) 2016 Southern Aleppo campaign  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Aleppo_summer_campaign) (2016 Aleppo summer campaign) 2016 Aleppo summer campaign  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(September–October_2016)) (Aleppo offensive (September–October 2016)) Aleppo offensive (September–October 2016)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(October–November_2016)) (Aleppo offensive (October–November 2016)) Aleppo offensive (October–November 2016)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Night_of_Power) (Operation Night of Power) Operation Night of Power  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qalamoun_offensive_(2017)) (Qalamoun offensive (2017)) Qalamoun offensive (2017)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Syria_campaign) (Eastern Syria campaign) Eastern Syria campaign  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_campaign_(October_2017_–_February_2018)) (Northwestern Syria campaign (October 2017 – February 2018)) Northwestern Syria campaign (October 2017 – February 2018)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Southern_Syria_offensive) (2018 Southern Syria offensive) 2018 Southern Syria offensive  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idlib_demilitarization_(2018–2019)) (Idlib demilitarization (2018–2019)) Idlib demilitarization (2018–2019)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Syrian_opposition_offensives) (2024 Syrian opposition offensives) 2024 Syrian opposition offensives (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_offensive_(2024)) (Northwestern Syria offensive (2024)) Northwestern Syria offensive (2024)        (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_in_Iraq_(2013–2017)) (War in Iraq (2013–2017)) War in Iraq (2013–2017) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_intervention_in_Iraq_(2014–present)) (Iranian intervention in Iraq (2014–present)) Iranian intervention in Iraq (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)) (Northern Iraq offensive (June 2014)) Northern Iraq offensive  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberation_of_Jurf_Al_Sakhar) (Liberation of Jurf Al Sakhar) Liberation of Jurf Al Sakhar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salahuddin_campaign) (Salahuddin campaign) Salahuddin campaign (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Amirli) (Siege of Amirli) Siege of Amirli  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Baiji_(2014–2015)) (Battle of Baiji (2014–2015)) Battle of Baiji  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Tikrit) (Second Battle of Tikrit) Second Battle of Tikrit    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anbar_campaign_(2015–2016)) (Anbar campaign (2015–2016)) Anbar campaign (2015–2016) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Fallujah_(2016)) (Siege of Fallujah (2016)) Siege of Fallujah (2016)        (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran–PJAK_conflict) (Iran–PJAK conflict) Iran–PJAK conflict (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Iran_clashes_(2026–present)) (Western Iran clashes (2026–present)) Western Iran clashes    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Iran–Israel_conflict) (2024 Iran–Israel conflict) 2024 Iran–Israel conflict  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelve-Day_War) (Twelve-Day War) Twelve-Day War  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Iran_war) (2026 Iran war) 2026 Iran war    (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1358620234)     Commanders  Current commander Brig. Gen. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esmail_Qaani) (Esmail Qaani) Esmail Qaani   Deputy Commander Brig. Gen. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Reza_Fallahzadeh) (Mohammad Reza Fallahzadeh) Mohammad Reza Fallahzadeh [ 2]      Insignia  Alternative Flag (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Quds_Force.svg)        Military unit (./Category:Articles_with_short_description)  (./Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata)   The Quds Force ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_language) (Persian language) Persian :  نیروی قدس ,  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Persian) (Romanization of Persian) romanized :  (Persian-language romanization) niru-ye qods  ,  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literal_translation) (Literal translation) lit.   ' The Jerusalem Force ' (./Category:Articles_containing_Persian-language_text)  ) is one of five (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_branch) (Military branch) branches of Iran's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps) (Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps) Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC).[ 3]    Considered an elite unit within the IRGC,[ 4]    it specializes in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unconventional_warfare) (Unconventional warfare) unconventional warfare and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_intelligence) (Military intelligence) military intelligence operations. U.S. Army General (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_A._McChrystal) (Stanley A. McChrystal) Stanley McChrystal describes the Quds Force as being analogous to a combination of the United States' (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency) (Central Intelligence Agency) CIA and the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_Special_Operations_Command) (Joint Special Operations Command) Joint Special Operations Command (JSOC).[ 5]     Responsible for (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extraterritorial_operations) (Extraterritorial operations) extraterritorial operations ,[ 6]    the Quds Force has been described as the IRGC’s de facto external affairs branch.[ 7]    It supports (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violent_non-state_actor) (Violent non-state actor) non-state actors in many countries, including (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbollah) (Hezbollah) Hezbollah , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas) (Hamas) Hamas , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Islamic_Jihad) (Palestinian Islamic Jihad) Palestinian Islamic Jihad , the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houthis) (Houthis) Houthis , and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shia_Islam) (Shia Islam) Shia militias in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq) (Iraq) Iraq , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria) (Syria) Syria , and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan) (Afghanistan) Afghanistan ;[ 6]    it has also deployed personnel in foreign conflicts such as the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_civil_war) (Syrian civil war) Syrian civil war and the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Tikrit) (Second Battle of Tikrit) Iraqi offensive against the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_State) (Islamic State) Islamic State .[ 8]     The Quds Force reports directly to the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Leader_of_Iran) (Supreme Leader of Iran) supreme leader of Iran , currently (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mojtaba_Khamenei) (Mojtaba Khamenei) Mojtaba Khamenei since 8 March 2026.[ 9]    [ 10]    After Quds Force commander (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qasem_Soleimani) (Qasem Soleimani) Qasem Soleimani was (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination_of_Qasem_Soleimani) (Assassination of Qasem Soleimani) assassinated in a U.S. drone strike in January 2020, his deputy, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esmail_Qaani) (Esmail Qaani) Esmail Qaani , replaced him.[ 11]     In 2019, the U.S. secretary of state designated the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps and Quds Force as a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State_list_of_Foreign_Terrorist_Organizations) (United States Department of State list of Foreign Terrorist Organizations) Foreign Terrorist Organization (FTO) based on the IRGC's "continued support to and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_external_operations) (Iranian external operations) engagement in terrorist activity around the world ."; this was the first time that the U.S. designated a government entity as an FTO.[ 12]       Name  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)   Part of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps) (Category:Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps) a series on the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps) (Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps) Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_Army_of_the_Guardians_of_the_Islamic_Revolution.svg)      Command (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commander-in-Chief_of_the_Iranian_Armed_Forces) (Commander-in-Chief of the Iranian Armed Forces) Commander-in-Chief  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_commanders_of_the_Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps) (List of commanders of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps) Commanders  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps_Joint_Staff) (Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Joint Staff) Joint Staff  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khatam_al-Anbiya_Central_Headquarters) (Khatam al-Anbiya Central Headquarters) Khatam al-Anbiya Central Headquarters        Military Branches (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps_Ground_Forces) (Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Ground Forces) Ground Forces  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps_Aerospace_Force) (Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Aerospace Force) Aerospace Force  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps_Navy) (Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Navy) Navy  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quds_Force) Quds Force  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basij) (Basij) Basij  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_Security_&_Protection_Corps) (Nuclear Security & Protection Corps) Nuclear Security & Protection Corps  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps_Cyber_Command) (Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Cyber Command) Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Cyber Command  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRGC_Provincial_Corps) (IRGC Provincial Corps) IRGC Provincial Corps        Intelligence agencies (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligence_Organization_of_the_Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps) (Intelligence Organization of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps) Intelligence Organization  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligence_Protection_Organization_of_the_Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps) (Intelligence Protection Organization of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps) Intelligence Protection Organization        Facilities (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imam_Hossein_University) (Imam Hossein University) Imam Hossein University  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baqiyatallah_University_of_Medical_Sciences) (Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences) Baqiyatallah University  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRGC_University_of_Command_and_Staff) (IRGC University of Command and Staff) University of Command and Staff  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amir_Al-Momenin_University_of_Military_Sciences_and_Technology) (Amir Al-Momenin University of Military Sciences and Technology) Amir Al-Momenin University        Miscellaneous (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rank_insignia_of_the_Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps) (Rank insignia of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps) Rank insignia  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRGC_espionage_network_in_Cyprus_and_Greece?action=edit&redlink=1) (IRGC espionage network in Cyprus and Greece (page does not exist)) IRGC espionage network in Cyprus and Greece  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran_Electronics_Industries) (Iran Electronics Industries) Iran Electronics Industries  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran_Aircraft_Manufacturing_Industrial_Company) (Iran Aircraft Manufacturing Industrial Company) Iran Aircraft Manufacturing Industrial Company  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controversies_surrounding_the_Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps) (Controversies surrounding the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps) Controversies surrounding the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handala_Hack_Team) (Handala Hack Team) Handala Hack Team  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasdar_(IRGC)) (Pasdar (IRGC)) Pasdar (IRGC)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRGC_Cooperation_Bonyad) (IRGC Cooperation Bonyad) IRGC Cooperation Bonyad  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khatam_al-Anbiya_Construction_Headquarters) (Khatam al-Anbiya Construction Headquarters) Khatam al-Anbiya Construction Headquarters  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Revolutionary_Committees) (Islamic Revolutionary Committees) Islamic Revolutionary Committees        (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:IRGC) (Template:IRGC) (View this template) v   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:IRGC) (Template talk:IRGC) (Discuss this template) t   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:IRGC) (Special:EditPage/Template:IRGC) (Edit this template) e         While the formation's official name is Quds Force ((literal translation) lit.   ' Jerusalem Force ' ), it has also been referred to as the 'Quds Corps' ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_language) (Persian language) Persian :  سپاه قدس ,  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Persian) (Romanization of Persian) romanized :  (Persian-language romanization) sepah-e qods  (./Category:Articles_containing_Persian-language_text)  ) in Persian media.[ 13]    In Arabic, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem) (Jerusalem) Jerusalem is most commonly known as (Arabic-language text) القُدس  (./Category:Articles_containing_Arabic-language_text)  (Arabic-language romanization) al-Quds  , meaning "The Holy" or "The Holy Sanctuary", cognate with (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_language) (Hebrew language) Hebrew :  הקדש ,  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Hebrew) (Romanization of Hebrew) romanized :  (Hebrew-language romanization) Ha-Qodesh  ,  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literal_translation) (Literal translation) lit.   ' The Holy ' (./Category:Articles_containing_Hebrew-language_text)  . It was originally titled Corps but changed to Force by Khamenei.[ 14]      History and mission  The predecessor of the Quds Force, known as 'Department 900', was created during the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran–Iraq_War) (Iran–Iraq War) Iran–Iraq War as a special intelligence unit, while the IRGC was allegedly active abroad in Afghanistan before the war.[ 15]    The department was later merged into 'Special External Operations Department'.[ 15]    After the Iran–Iraq War ended in 1988, the IRGC was reorganized and the Quds Force was established as an independent (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Service_branch) (Service branch) service branch .[ 15]    It has the mission of liberating "Muslim land", especially (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Quds) (Al-Quds) al-Quds  , from which it takes its name—"Jerusalem Force" in English.[ 16]     Both during and after the war, it provided support to the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurd) (Kurd) Kurds fighting (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hussein) (Saddam Hussein) Saddam Hussein . In 1982, a Quds unit was deployed to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon) (Lebanon) Lebanon , where it assisted in the genesis of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbollah) (Hezbollah) Hezbollah .[ 17]    The Force also expanded its operations into neighboring Afghanistan, including assistance for (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Ali_Mazari) (Abdul Ali Mazari) Abdul Ali Mazari 's Shi'a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbe_Wahdat) (Hezbe Wahdat) Hezbe Wahdat in the 1980s against the government of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Najibullah) (Mohammad Najibullah) Mohammad Najibullah . It then began funding and supporting (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Shah_Massoud) (Ahmad Shah Massoud) Ahmad Shah Massoud 's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Alliance) (Northern Alliance) Northern Alliance against the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taliban) (Taliban) Taliban .[ 18]    However, in recent years, the Quds Force is alleged to have been helping and guiding the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taliban_insurgency) (Taliban insurgency) Taliban insurgents against the NATO-backed (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Hamid_Karzai) (Presidency of Hamid Karzai) Karzai administration .[ 19]    [ 20]    [ 21]    [ 22]    [ 23]    [ 24]    [ 25]    There were also reports of the unit lending support to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosnian_Muslims) (Bosnian Muslims) Bosnian Muslims fighting the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosnian_Serbs) (Bosnian Serbs) Bosnian Serbs during the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosnian_War) (Bosnian War) Bosnian War .[ 26]    [ 27]    [ 28]     According to the Egyptian newspaper (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Ahram) (Al-Ahram) Al-Ahram  , former Iranian President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmoud_Ahmadinejad) (Mahmoud Ahmadinejad) Mahmoud Ahmadinejad helped fund the Quds Force while he was stationed at the Ramazan garrison near Iraq, during the late 1980s.[ 29]     In January 2010, according to the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Institute_for_Near_East_Policy) (Washington Institute for Near East Policy) Washington Institute for Near East Policy , the mission of the Quds Force was expanded and the Force along with Hezbollah started a new campaign of attacks targeting not only the US and Israel but also other Western bodies.[ 30]     In January 2020, Quds Force commander Major General (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qasem_Soleimani) (Qasem Soleimani) Qasem Soleimani was killed by a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Baghdad_International_Airport_airstrike) (2020 Baghdad International Airport airstrike) US airstrike on his convoy outside (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad_International_Airport) (Baghdad International Airport) Baghdad International Airport .[ 31]     The Quds Force is run from Tehran and has ties with armed groups in Afghanistan, Iraq, Lebanon, Syria and the Palestinian territories.[ 32]     Predecessors  Liberation Movements Unit  The LMU of the IRGC was established in 1981 by (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Montazeri) (Mohammad Montazeri) Mohammad Montazeri , son of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Ayatollah) (Grand Ayatollah) Grand Ayatollah (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hussein-Ali_Montazeri) (Hussein-Ali Montazeri) Hussein-Ali Montazeri , and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehdi_Hashemi) (Mehdi Hashemi) Mehdi Hashemi , then a member of the IRGC Command Council and brother of Ayatollah Montazeri’s son-in-law.[ 33]    This unit was tasked with providing military assistance to "Islamic liberation movements" abroad, especially in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shia_Islam) (Shia Islam) Shia -majority countries ruled by (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunni_Islam) (Sunni Islam) Sunni minorities, including (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahrain) (Bahrain) Bahrain , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq) (Iraq) Iraq and Lebanon. Both Montazeri and Hashemi had themselves received (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irregular_warfare) (Irregular warfare) irregular warfare training in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Organization) (Palestine Liberation Organization) Palestine Liberation Organization -run training camps in Southern Lebanon before the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1979_Iranian_Revolution) (1979 Iranian Revolution) 1979 Iranian Revolution .[ 34]      9th Badr Brigade of the IRGC  During the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran–Iraq_War) (Iran–Iraq War) Iran–Iraq War , Major-General (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohsen_Rezaee) (Mohsen Rezaee) Mohsen Rezaee , then the Commander-in-Chief of the Revolutionary Guards, ordered the formation of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badr_Organization) (Badr Organization) 9th Badr Brigade , which consisted of Iraqi Shia fugitives who had fled from Saddam Hussein's persecution and were fighting for Iran. The Badr Brigade was manned by Iraqis but led by Iranian officers. Among the Badr Brigade's earliest Iraqi members were (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Mahdi_al-Muhandis) (Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis) Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis , Deputy Chief of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popular_Mobilization_Forces) (Popular Mobilization Forces) Popular Mobilization Forces who was assassinated together with Soleimani in January 2020, and Brigadier-General (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadi_al-Amiri) (Hadi al-Amiri) Hadi al-Amiri , later Interior Minister of Iraq. Muhandis and Amiri took part in the 1986 Iranian (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Basra) (Siege of Basra) Siege of Basra under the command of IRGC General (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_Danaeifar) (Hassan Danaeifar) Hassan Danaeifar . After the fall of Saddam Hussein, Danaeifar became the Iranian ambassador in Iraq between 2006 and 2010. Muhandis had fled Iraq to Kuwait in the early 1980s and allegedly collaborated with Lebanese Hezbollah's Chief of Military Operations (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imad_Mughniyeh) (Imad Mughniyeh) Imad Mughniyeh in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983–1988_Kuwait_terror_attacks) (1983–1988 Kuwait terror attacks) bombing the US embassy in Kuwait in 1983, after which he fled to Iran.[ 35]      Ramadan Headquarters  In 1986 the Ramadan Headquarters of External Operations was created within the IRGC. This headquarters was responsible for Iran's links to Iraqi Kurdish groups, including the forces of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdistan_Democratic_Party) (Kurdistan Democratic Party) Kurdistan Democratic Party and the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patriotic_Union_of_Kurdistan) (Patriotic Union of Kurdistan) Patriotic Union of Kurdistan , led by (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massoud_Barzani) (Massoud Barzani) Massoud Barzani and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalal_Talabani) (Jalal Talabani) Jalal Talabani . One of the Ramadan Headquarters' senior commanders and its chief of staff in the 1980s was the IRGC Brigadier-General (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraj_Masjedi) (Iraj Masjedi) Iraj Masjedi , who from 2017 to 2022 served as Iran’s ambassador to Iraq. At the time, another commander of the Ramadan Headquarters was the IRGC Brigadier-General (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Reza_Naqdi) (Mohammad Reza Naqdi) Mohammad Reza Naqdi , who was later appointed as commander of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basij) (Basij) Basij militia.[ 36]      Lebanon Corps  The "Lebanon Corps" of the IRGC was established in June 1982 when Iran sent 1,500 Revolutionary Guard commandos to the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria) (Syria) Syrian -controlled (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beqaa_Valley) (Beqaa Valley) Beqaa Valley of Eastern Lebanon to fight against (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982_Lebanon_War) (1982 Lebanon War) Israel's invasion . This force was led by IRGC Brigadier-General (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hossein_Dehghan) (Hossein Dehghan) Hossein Dehghan (later Defense Minister) and was tasked with training members of Hezbollah. Two other people who were influential in guiding and communicating with Hezbollah after Dehghan were IRGC Brigadier-General (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Vahidi) (Ahmad Vahidi) Ahmad Vahidi , the IRGC’s intelligence chief at the time and later the first commander of the Quds Force from its establishment in 1988 to 1998, and Fereydoun Vardinejad, later the Political Deputy of the Office of Iranian President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_Rouhani) (Hassan Rouhani) Hassan Rouhani . Both Vahidi and Vardinejad were tasked in 1985 by (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Akbar_Hashemi_Rafsanjani) (Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani) Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani and the IRGC to negotiate with (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_McFarlane_(American_government_official)) (Robert McFarlane (American government official)) Robert McFarlane , U.S. President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Reagan) (Ronald Reagan) Ronald Reagan 's special envoy to Iran, on the issue of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon_hostage_crisis) (Lebanon hostage crisis) Lebanon hostage crisis .[ 37]        Organization  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Quds_Force_Operations.png)   The eight directorates of the Quds Force's operations according to David Dionisi   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Quds_Corps) (Timeline of Quds Corps) Timeline of Quds Corps  The force is described as "active in dozens of countries."[ 38]    According to former (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Army_Military_Intelligence) (United States Army Military Intelligence) U.S. Army intelligence officer David Dionisi, the Quds Force is organized into eight different directorates based on geographic location:[ 39]     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_world) (Western world) Western countries (excluding Turkey, including the former (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Bloc) (Eastern Bloc) Eastern Bloc ) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-Soviet_states) (Post-Soviet states) Former (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union) (Soviet Union) Soviet Union  Iraq Afghanistan, Pakistan, and India Israel, Lebanon, and Jordan Turkey North Africa (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula) (Arabian Peninsula) Arabian Peninsula   According to journalist (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dexter_Filkins) (Dexter Filkins) Dexter Filkins , the force's members are "divided between combatants and those who train and oversee foreign assets," and the force is divided into branches focusing on "intelligence, finance, foreign languages, politics, sabotage, and special operations."  Members are chosen both for their skill and "allegiance to the doctrine of the Islamic Revolution."[ 40]     In American Hiroshima: The Reasons Why and a Call to Strengthen America's Democracy, Dionisi asserts  that the Iranian Quds Force headquarters for operations in Iraq was moved in 2004 to the Iran–Iraq border in order to better supervise activities in Iraq. The Quds Force also operates a base in the former compound of the U.S. embassy, which (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran_hostage_crisis) (Iran hostage crisis) was overrun in 1979.[ 40]     According to Filkins and American General (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_A._McChrystal) (Stanley A. McChrystal) Stanley A. McChrystal , it was the Quds Force that "flooded" Iraq with "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explosively_formed_projectile) (Explosively formed projectile) explosively formed projectiles " which fire a molten copper slug able to penetrate armor, and which accounted for "nearly 20%" of American combat deaths in Iraq (i.e. hundreds of soldiers).[ 40]    In September 2007, a few years after the publication of American Hiroshima , General (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Petraeus) (David Petraeus) David Petraeus reported to Congress that the Quds Force had left Iraq. Petraeus said, "The Quds Force itself, we believe, by and large, those individuals have been pulled out of the country, as have the Lebanese Hezbollah trainers that were being used to augment that activity."[ 41]     On 7 July 2008, journalist (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seymour_Hersh) (Seymour Hersh) Seymour Hersh wrote an article in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_Yorker) (The New Yorker) The New Yorker  revealing that President Bush had signed a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_Finding) (Presidential Finding) Presidential Finding authorizing the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIA) (CIA) CIA and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_Special_Operations_Command) (Joint Special Operations Command) Joint Special Operations Command to conduct cross-border paramilitary operations from Iraq and Afghanistan into Iran. These operations would be against the Quds Force and "high-value targets."[ 42]    "The Finding was focused on undermining Iran's nuclear ambitions and trying to undermine the government through regime change," a person familiar with its contents said, and involved "working with opposition groups."[ 42]     Subdivisions  According to an Iraqi intelligence study which discusses the foundation of the Quds Force after the end of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran–Iraq_War) (Iran–Iraq War) Iran–Iraq War and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khomeini) (Khomeini) Khomeini 's death, the IRGC-QF has four main command centers to direct its intelligence and operational activities in neighboring countries in order to achieve its goals in these countries: Ramadan Headquarters (1st Corps) is responsible for Iraq, led formerly by Brigadier-Generals Hassan Danaeifar and Iraj Masjedi, Nabi Al-Akram Command Center (2nd Corps) is dedicated to Pakistan, Al-Hamzah Command Center (3rd Corps) is focused on Turkey and the Kurdish issue, Al-Ansar Command Center (4th Corps) is intended for Afghanistan and Central Asia, led formerly by General Hossein Musavi and Colonel Hasan Mortezavi.[ 43]      Besides these main command centers, the document indicates that there are also six corps for each country or area in which they operate: Fifth Corps, Turkish territory, Sixth Corps, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_Gulf) (Persian Gulf) Persian Gulf countries and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula) (Arabian Peninsula) Arabian Peninsula , led in the 1990s by Brigadier-General Ahmad Sherifi, who allegedly orchestrated the 1996 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khobar_Towers_bombing) (Khobar Towers bombing) Khobar Towers bombing of a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Air_Force) (U.S. Air Force) U.S. Air Force base in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia) (Saudi Arabia) Saudi Arabia ,[ 44]    and more recently led by Brigadier-General (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdolreza_Shahlaei) (Abdolreza Shahlaei) Abdolreza Shahlaei , responsible for the provision of arms and training to the Yemeni (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houthi_movement) (Houthi movement) Houthi movement ,[ 45]    [ 46]     Seventh Corps, also known as Lebanon Corps, responsible for Lebanon and Syria, including managing Iran's ties to Hezbollah, led formerly by Brigadier-Generals Hossein Dehghan, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Hejazi) (Mohammad Hejazi) Mohammad Hejazi and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Reza_Zahedi) (Mohammad Reza Zahedi) Mohammad Reza Zahedi , The Palestine Division, led by Brigadier-General (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saeed_Izadi) (Saeed Izadi) Saeed Izadi , responsible for Iran's assistance to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas) (Hamas) Hamas and the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Islamic_Jihad) (Palestinian Islamic Jihad) Palestinian Islamic Jihad , The Abu Jihad Foreign Operations Unit (named after (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khalil_al-Wazir) (Khalil al-Wazir) Khalil al-Wazir ), which is jointly led by Palestinian militants and Iranian intelligence operatives, overseeing the smuggling and production of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Improvised_explosive_devices) (Improvised explosive devices) improvised explosive devices and construction of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_tunnel_warfare_in_the_Gaza_Strip) (Palestinian tunnel warfare in the Gaza Strip) tunnel warfare networks within the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bank) (West Bank) West Bank and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_Strip) (Gaza Strip) Gaza Strip ,[ 47]         Eighth Corps, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina) (Bosnia and Herzegovina) Bosnia and Herzegovina , led in the 1990s by Brigadier-Generals (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hossein_Allahkaram) (Hossein Allahkaram) Hossein Allahkaram and Mohammad Reza Naqdi,[ 48]     Ninth Corps, Europe, the Americas and East Asian countries, Tenth Corps, Africa, led in the 1990s by Brigadier-General (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Bagher_Zolghadr) (Mohammad Bagher Zolghadr) Mohammad Bagher Zolghadr .[ 49]    [ 50]       Size  The size of the Quds Force is (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classified_information) (Classified information) classified and unknown. In 2007, Mahan Abedin of Center for the Study of Terrorism said that Quds Force numbers no more than 2,000 people, with 800 core operatives.[ 51]    [ 52]    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_Shane) (Scott Shane) Scott Shane , who interviewed several American scholars later that year, wrote that estimates range from 3,000 to 50,000.[ 53]    In 2013, Dexter Filkins wrote that the Quds Force has 10,000–20,000 members, "divided between combatants and those who train and oversee foreign assets".[ 40]    The 2020 edition of The Military Balance , published by the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Institute_of_Strategic_Studies) (International Institute of Strategic Studies) International Institute of Strategic Studies (IISS), estimated that the force has about 5,000 personnel.[ 54]     In 2020, Jack Watling of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_United_Services_Institute) (Royal United Services Institute) Royal United Services Institute estimated the Quds Force had the "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Division_(military)) (Division (military)) divisional strength military formation " of approximately 17,000 to 21,000 members, split regionally.[ 32]      Financing  Companies controlled by the Quds Force maintain banking relationships with the Bank of Kunlun, a subsidiary of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_National_Petroleum_Corporation) (China National Petroleum Corporation) China National Petroleum Corporation .[ 55]     The Quds Force has been involved in lucrative drug smuggling operations between Afghanistan and Iran, leveraging connections with South American drug cartels.[ 56]    It has also been involved in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_smuggling_to_Lebanon) (Iranian smuggling to Lebanon) smuggling to Lebanon .[ 57]    [ 58]     The Quds Force Corps budget was leaked in a hack in February 2024 to be $7,700 billion toman.[ 59]      Outside analysis  While it reports directly to the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Leader_of_Iran) (Supreme Leader of Iran) supreme leader , there are debates over how independently Quds Force operates.[ 51]     Mahan Abedin, director of research at the London-based Center for the Study of Terrorism (and editor of Islamism Digest ), believes the unit is not independent: "Quds Force, although it's a highly specialized department, it is subject to strict, iron-clad military discipline. It's completely controlled by the military hierarchy of the IRGC, and the IRGC is very tightly controlled by the highest levels of the administration in Iran."[ 60]     According to a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times) (Los Angeles Times) Los Angeles Times  report,[ 51]    in Abedin's view, "[I]t's a very capable force—their people are extremely talented, [and] they tend to be the best people in the IRGC".[ 60]       Activities  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   See also: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_wars_and_battles_involving_the_Quds_Force) (List of wars and battles involving the Quds Force) List of wars and battles involving the Quds Force  The Quds Force trains and equips foreign Islamic revolutionary groups around the Middle East. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramilitary) (Paramilitary) Paramilitary instruction typically occurs in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran) (Iran) Iran or (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudan) (Sudan) Sudan . Foreign recruits are transported from their home countries to Iran to receive training. The Quds Force sometimes plays a more direct role in the military operations of the forces it trains, including pre-attack planning and other operation-specific military advice.[ 39]     Afghanistan  Since 1979, Iran had supported the Shi'a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbe_Wahdat) (Hezbe Wahdat) Hezbe Wahdat forces against the Afghan government of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Najibullah) (Mohammad Najibullah) Mohammad Najibullah . When Najibullah stepped down as President in 1992, Iran continued supporting Hezbe Wahdat against other Afghan militia groups. When the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taliban) (Taliban) Taliban took over Afghanistan in 1996, Hezbe Wahdat had lost its founder and main leader, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Ali_Mazari) (Abdul Ali Mazari) Abdul Ali Mazari , so the group joined (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Shah_Massoud) (Ahmad Shah Massoud) Ahmad Shah Massoud 's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Alliance) (Northern Alliance) Northern Alliance . Iran began supporting the Northern Alliance against the Taliban, who were backed by Pakistan and the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_world) (Arab world) Arab world .[ 61]    In 1999, after several Iranian diplomats were killed by the Taliban in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazar-e_Sharif) (Mazar-e Sharif) Mazar-e Sharif , Iran nearly got into a war with the Taliban.[ 62]    [ 63]    The Quds Force reportedly fought alongside the United States and the Northern Alliance in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001_uprising_in_Herat) (2001 uprising in Herat) Battle for Herat . However, in recent years Iran is accused of helping and training the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taliban_insurgency) (Taliban insurgency) Taliban insurgents against the NATO-backed (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Hamid_Karzai) (Presidency of Hamid Karzai) Karzai administration .[ 19]    [ 20]    Iranian-made weapons, including powerful explosive devices are often found inside Afghanistan.[ 21]    [ 23]    [ 24]    [ 25]     We did interdict a shipment, without question the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps) (Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps) Revolutionary Guard 's core Quds Force, through a known Taliban facilitator. Three of the individuals were killed... Iranians certainly view as making life more difficult for us if Afghanistan is unstable. We don't have that kind of relationship with the Iranians. That's why I am particularly troubled by the interception of weapons coming from Iran. But we know that it's more than weapons; it's money; it's also according to some reports, training at Iranian camps as well.[ 22]      — (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_(United_States)) (General (United States)) General (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Petraeus) (David Petraeus) David Petraeus    In March 2012, Najibullah Kabuli, leader of the National Participation Front (NPF) of Afghanistan, accused three senior leaders of Iran's Revolutionary Guards of plotting to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination) (Assassination) assassinate him.[ 64]    Some members of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Afghanistan) (National Assembly of Afghanistan) Afghan Parliament accuses Iran of setting up Taliban bases in several Iranian cities, and that "Iran is directly involved in fanning (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic) (Ethnic) ethnic , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguistic) (Linguistic) linguistic and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sectarian) (Sectarian) sectarian tensions in Afghanistan."[ 65]    There are reports about Iran's Revolutionary Guards training Afghans inside Iran to carry out terrorist attacks in Afghanistan.[ 66]     (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712)  Currently, the Revolutionary Guards recruit young people for terrorist activities in Afghanistan and try to revive the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbi_Islami) (Hezbi Islami) Hezb-i-Islami Afghanistan led by (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulbuddin_Hekmatyar) (Gulbuddin Hekmatyar) Gulbadin Hekmatyar and Taliban groups[ 66]      — Syed Kamal, a self-confessed agent for Iran's Revolutionary Guards and member of Sipah-i-Mohmmad    India  Following an attack on an Israeli diplomat in India in February 2012, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delhi_Police) (Delhi Police) Delhi Police contended that the IRGC had some involvement.[ 67]    This was subsequently confirmed in July 2012, after a report by the Delhi Police found evidence that members of IRGC had been involved in the 13 February bomb attack in the capital.[ 67]      United States  On 11 October 2011, the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Barack_Obama) (Presidency of Barack Obama) Obama Administration revealed the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States) (Federal government of the United States) United States Government's allegations that the Quds Force was involved with the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adel_al-Jubeir_assassination_plot) (Adel al-Jubeir assassination plot) plot to assassinate Saudi Arabia's Ambassador to the United States Adel al-Jubeir , which also entailed plans to bomb the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embassy_of_Israel_in_Washington,_D.C.) (Embassy of Israel in Washington, D.C.) Israeli and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embassy_of_Saudi_Arabia_in_Washington,_D.C.) (Embassy of Saudi Arabia in Washington, D.C.) Saudi embassies located in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C.) (Washington, D.C.) Washington, D.C. [ 68]    [ 69]    [ 70]     In August 2022, plans to assassinate former US government officials (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Bolton) (John Bolton) John Bolton and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike_Pompeo) (Mike Pompeo) Mike Pompeo were uncovered by US federal prosecutors, likely in retaliation for the January 2020 death of Soleimani.[ 71]    [ 72]      South America   ()      This section needs to be updated .Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (August 2026 )       (./Category:Wikipedia_articles_in_need_of_updating_from_August_2026)  (./Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_in_need_of_updating)   It has been reported that Iran has been increasing its presence in Latin America through (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezuela) (Venezuela) Venezuela .[ 73]    Little is known publicly what their objectives are in the region, but in 2009, Defense Secretary (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Gates) (Robert Gates) Robert Gates denounced Iran for meddling in "subversive activities" using Quds Forces. However, Iran claims it is merely "ensuring the survival of the regime" by propagating regional influence. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Guaidó) (Juan Guaidó) Juan Guaidó , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_National_Assembly_of_Venezuela) (President of the National Assembly of Venezuela) President of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Assembly_(Venezuela)) (National Assembly (Venezuela)) National Assembly of Venezuela , accused (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolás_Maduro) (Nicolás Maduro) Nicolás Maduro in January 2020 of allowing (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qasem_Soleimani) (Qasem Soleimani) Qasem Soleimani and his Quds Forces to incorporate their sanctioned banks and their companies in Venezuela. Guaidó also said that Soleimani "led a criminal and terrorist structure in Iran that for years caused pain to his people and destabilized the Middle East, just as (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Mahdi_al-Muhandis) (Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis) Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis did with Hezbollah."[ 74]      Iraq  The Quds Force has been described as the Iranian "unit deployed to challenge the United States presence" in Iraq following the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq) (2003 invasion of Iraq) U.S. invasion of that country, which put "165,000 American troops along (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran) (Iran) Iran 's western border," adding to the American troops already in Iran's eastern neighbor (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001–present)) (War in Afghanistan (2001–present)) Afghanistan .[ 75]     The force established (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_3800?action=edit&redlink=1) (Unit 3800 (page does not exist)) Unit 3800 with the aid of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbollah) (Hezbollah) Hezbollah [ 76]    [ 77]    and "operated throughout Iraq, arming, aiding, and abetting (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiite) (Shiite) Shiite militias"—i.e., the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Council_for_Islamic_Revolution_in_Iraq) (Supreme Council for Islamic Revolution in Iraq) Supreme Council for Islamic Revolution in Iraq , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Dawa_Party) (Islamic Dawa Party) Dawa , and the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahdi_Army) (Mahdi Army) Mahdi Army —"all" of which "had close ties to Iran, some dating back decades" as part of their struggle against (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hussein) (Saddam Hussein) Saddam Hussein 's oppressive Arab nationalist regime.[ 75]    The Quds Force trained the Shiite militias in the use of roadside bombs, known as (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Improvised_explosive_device) (Improvised explosive device) IEDs , that were the largest cause of U.S. military deaths in Iraq.[ 78]     In November 2006, with sectarian violence in Iraq increasing, U.S. General (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Abizaid) (John Abizaid) John Abizaid accused the Quds Force of supporting "Shi'a death squads", while the government of Iran was pledging support in stabilization.[ 79]    Similarly, in July 2007, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_General) (Major General) Major General Kevin Bergner of the U.S. Army alleged that members of the Quds Force aided in the planning of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbala_provincial_headquarters_raid) (Karbala provincial headquarters raid) a raid on U.S. forces in the Iraqi city of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbala) (Karbala) Karbala in January 2007.[ 80]     Former CIA officer (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Baer) (Robert Baer) Robert Baer asserts the Quds Force uses couriers for all sensitive communications.[ 81]     2006 detainment in Iraq  On 24 December 2006, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times) (The New York Times) The New York Times  reported that at least four Iranians had been captured by American troops in Iraq in the previous few days. According to the article, the U.S. government suspected that two of them were members of Quds Force, which would be some of the first physical proof of Quds Force activity in Iraq.[ 82]    According to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Pentagon) (The Pentagon) The Pentagon , the alleged Quds Force members were "involved in the transfer of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Improvised_explosive_device) (Improvised explosive device) IED technologies from Iran to Iraq."[ 83]    The two men had entered Iraq legally, although they were not accredited diplomats. Iraqi officials believed that the evidence against the men was only circumstantial, but on 29 December, and under U.S. pressure, the Iraqi government ordered the men to leave Iraq. They were driven back to Iran that day.[ 84]    In mid-January 2007 it was reported that the two alleged Quds force officers seized by American forces were Brig. Gen. Mohsen Chizari and Col. Abu Amad Davari. According to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post) (The Washington Post) The Washington Post  . Chizari is the third highest officer of Quds Force, making him the allegedly highest-ranked Iranian to ever be held by the United States.[ 85]      New York Sun report  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Sun) (The New York Sun) The New York Sun  reported that the documents described the Quds Force as not only cooperating with Shi'a death squads, but also with fighters related to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qaeda) (Al-Qaeda) al-Qaeda and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansar_al-Sunna) (Ansar al-Sunna) Ansar al-Sunna . It said that the Quds Force had studied the Iraq situation in a similar manner to the U.S. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq_Study_Group) (Iraq Study Group) Iraq Study Group , and had concluded that they must increase efforts with (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunni) (Sunni) Sunni and Shiite groups in order to counter the influence of Sunni states.[ 86]      U.S. raid on Iranian liaison office  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._raid_on_the_Iranian_Liaison_Office_in_Erbil) (U.S. raid on the Iranian Liaison Office in Erbil) U.S. raid on the Iranian Liaison Office in Erbil  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Further information: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._kill_or_capture_strategy_in_Iraq) (U.S. kill or capture strategy in Iraq) U.S. kill or capture strategy in Iraq  On 11 January 2007, U.S. forces raided and detained five employees of the Iranian liaison office in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbil) (Erbil) Erbil , Iraq. The U.S. military said the five detainees were connected to the Quds Force.[ 87]    [ 88]    The operation drew protests from the regional Kurdish government while the Russian government called the detainments unacceptable.[ 89]     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alireza_Nourizadeh) (Alireza Nourizadeh) Alireza Nourizadeh , a political analyst at (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice_of_America) (Voice of America) Voice of America , stated that their arrests were causing concern in Iranian intelligence because the five alleged officials were knowledgeable of a wide range of Quds Force and Iranian activities in Iraq.[ 90]    According to American ambassador (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zalmay_Khalilzad) (Zalmay Khalilzad) Zalmay Khalilzad , one of the men in custody was Quds Force's director of operations.[ 91]     Iranian and Iraqi officials maintained that the detained men were part of a diplomatic mission in the city of Erbil, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq) (Iraq) Iraq .[ 92]    The five Iranian detainees were still being held at a U.S. prison in Iraq as of 8 July 2007.[ 93]    The U.S. said they were "still being interrogated" and that it had "no plans to free them while they are seen as a security risk in Iraq."[ 94]    Iran said that the detainees were "kidnapped diplomats" and that they were "held as hostages."[ 95]     On 9 July 2009, the five detainees were released from U.S. custody to Iraqi officials.[ 96]      Allegations of involvement in Karbala attack  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbala_provincial_headquarters_raid) (Karbala provincial headquarters raid) Karbala provincial headquarters raid  On 20 January 2007, a group of gunmen attacked the Karbala Provincial Joint Coordination Center in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbala) (Karbala) Karbala , captured four American soldiers, and subsequently killed them. The attackers passed through an Iraqi checkpoint at around 5 pm, a total of five black (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GMC_Suburban) (GMC Suburban) GMC Suburbans , similar to those driven by U.S. security and diplomatic officials. They were also wearing American military uniforms and spoke fluent English. Because of the sophistication of the attack, some analysts have suggested that only a group like the Quds Force would be able to plan and carry out such an action.[ 97]    Former (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIA) (CIA) CIA officer (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Baer) (Robert Baer) Robert Baer also suggested that the five Americans were killed by the Quds Force in revenge for the Americans holding five Iranians since the 11 January raid in Irbil.[ 98]    It was reported that the U.S. military is investigating whether or not the attackers were trained by Iranian officials; however, no evidence besides the sophistication of the attack has yet been presented.[ 99]     On 2 July 2007, the U.S. military said that information from captured (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbollah) (Hezbollah) Hezbollah fighter (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Musa_Daqduq) (Ali Musa Daqduq) Ali Musa Daqduq established a link between the Quds Force and the Karbala raid. The U.S. military claims Daqduq worked as a liaison between Quds force operatives and the Shia group that carried out the raid. According to the United States, Daqduq said that the Shia group "could not have conducted this complex operation without the support and direction of the Quds force".[ 100]      Allegations of support for Iraqi militants  In June 2007, U.S. General (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray_Odierno) (Ray Odierno) Ray Odierno asserted that Iranian support for these Shia militia increased as the United States itself implemented the 2007 "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq_War_troop_surge_of_2007) (Iraq War troop surge of 2007) troop surge ".[ 101]    Two different studies have maintained that approximately half of all foreign insurgents entering Iraq come from (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia) (Saudi Arabia) Saudi Arabia .[ 102]     In December 2009 evidence uncovered during an investigation by The Guardian newspaper and Guardian Films linked the Quds Force to the kidnappings of five Britons from a government ministry building in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad) (Baghdad) Baghdad in 2007. Four of the hostages, Jason Creswell, Jason Swindlehurst, Alec Maclachlan, and Alan McMenemy, were killed. Peter Moore was released on 30 December 2009. The investigation uncovered evidence that Moore, 37, a computer expert from Lincoln was targeted because he was installing a system for the Iraqi Government that would show how a vast amount of international aid was diverted to Iran's militia groups in Iraq. One of the alleged groups funded by the Quds force directly is the Righteous League, which emerged in 2006 and has stayed largely in the shadows as a proxy of the Quds Force. Shia cleric and leading figure of the Righteous League, Qais al-Khazali, was handed over by the U.S. military for release by the Iraqi government on 29 December 2009 as part of the deal that led to the release of Moore.[ 103]      Allegations by U.S. President Bush  In a 14 February 2007 news conference U.S. President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W._Bush) (George W. Bush) George W. Bush reiterated his claim that the Quds Force was causing unrest in Iraq, stating: I can say with certainty that the Quds force, a part of the Iranian government, has provided these sophisticated (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEDs) (IEDs) IEDs that have harmed our troops. And I'd like to repeat, I do not know whether or not the Quds Force was ordered from the top echelons of government. But my point is what's worse – them ordering it and it happening, or them not ordering it and it happening? And so we will continue to protect our troops. ... to say it [this claim] is provoking Iran is just a wrong way to characterize the Commander-in-Chief's decision to do what is necessary to protect our soldiers in harm's way. And I will continue to do so. ... Whether (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmadinejad) (Ahmadinejad) Ahmadinejad ordered the Quds force to do this, I don't think we know. But we do know that they're there, and I intend to do something about it. And I've asked our commanders to do something about it. And we're going to protect our troops. ... I don't think we know who picked up the phone and said to the Quds Force, go do this, but we know it's a vital part of the Iranian government. ...What matters is, is that we're responding. The idea that somehow we're manufacturing the idea that the Iranians are providing IEDs is preposterous. ... My job is to protect our troops. And when we find devices that are in that country that are hurting our troops, we're going to do something about it, pure and simple. ... does this mean you're trying to have a pretext for war? No. It means I'm trying to protect our troops.[ 104]      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohsen_Sazegara) (Mohsen Sazegara) Mohsen Sazegara , who was a high-ranking Tehran official before turning against the government, has argued that Ahmadinejad does not control the Guards outside of Iran. "Not only the foreign ministry of Iran; even the president does not know what the Revolutionary Guards does outside of Iran. They directly report to the leader", he said, referring to Grand Ayatollah Ali Khamenei.[ 105]    Although Ali Khamenei is the ultimate person in charge of the Quds Force, George Bush did not mention him.[ 106]    According to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_A._Clarke) (Richard A. Clarke) Richard Clarke , "Quds force reports directly to the Supreme Ayatollah, through the commander-in-chief of the revolutionary guards."[ 106]      Detainment of alleged bomb smuggler  On 20 September 2007, the U.S. military arrested an Iranian during a raid on a hotel in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulaimaniyah) (Sulaimaniyah) Sulaimaniyah , a city in the Kurdish-controlled north. The military accused the Iranian of being a member of the elite Quds Force and smuggling powerful roadside bombs, including armor-piercing (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explosively_formed_penetrator) (Explosively formed penetrator) explosively formed penetrators , into Iraq. The military said intelligence reports asserted the suspect was involved in the infiltration and training of foreign fighters into Iraq as well.[ 107]     On 22 September 2007, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Iraq) (President of Iraq) Iraqi President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalal_Talabani) (Jalal Talabani) Jalal Talabani criticized the United States for arresting the Iranian and called for his immediate release. Talabani argued he is a civil servant who was on an official trade mission in the Kurdish Region and stated Iraqi and Kurdish regional government representatives were aware of the man's presence in the country. "I express to you our outrage for these American forces arresting this Iranian civil official visitor without informing or cooperating with the government of the Kurdistan region, which means insult and disregard for its rights", Talabani wrote in a "letter of resentment" to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryan_Crocker) (Ryan Crocker) Ryan Crocker , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_Iraq) (United States Ambassador to Iraq) U.S. ambassador to Iraq , and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Petraeus) (David Petraeus) Gen. David Petraeus .[ 108]      Allegations of 2007 market attack  On 24 November 2007, US military officials accused an Iranian special group of placing a bomb in a bird box that blew up at a popular animal market in central Baghdad. "The group's purpose was to make it appear Al Qaeda in Iraq was responsible for the attack", Admiral Smith said. He further emphasized there was "no evidence Iran ordered the attack".[ 109]    In May 2008, Iraq said it had no evidence that Iran was supporting militants on Iraqi soil.[ 110]    Al-Sadr spokesman Al-Ubaydi said the presence of Iranian weapons in Iraq is "quite normal," since "they are bought and sold and any party can buy them."[ 111]      Allegations of ties to Al-Qaeda  According to reports produced by (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agence_France-Presse) (Agence France-Presse) Agence France-Presse (AFP), (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post) (The Jerusalem Post) The Jerusalem Post  , and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Arabiya) (Al Arabiya) Al Arabiya , at the request of a member of the United States' (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_Permanent_Select_Committee_on_Intelligence) (House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence) House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence , in 2011 Congressional (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counter-terrorism) (Counter-terrorism) counter-terrorism advisor (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_S._Smith_II) (Michael S. Smith II) Michael S. Smith II of Kronos Advisory, LLC produced a report on Iran's alleged ties to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qaeda) (Al-Qaeda) Al-Qaeda that was distributed to members of the Congressional Anti-Terrorism (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucus) (Caucus) Caucus .[ 112]    [ 113]    [ 114]    Titled "The al-Qa'ida-Qods Force Nexus: Scratching the Surface of a Known Unknown", a redacted version of Smith's report is available online via the blog site owned by American military (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geostrategy) (Geostrategy) geostrategist and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Pentagon's_New_Map:_War_and_Peace_in_the_Twenty-First_Century) (The Pentagon's New Map: War and Peace in the Twenty-First Century) The Pentagon's New Map  author (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_P.M._Barnett) (Thomas P.M. Barnett) Thomas P.M. Barnett .[ 115]    The report's Issue Summary section explains: "This report focuses on the history of Iran's relationship with al-Qa'ida, and briefly addresses potential implications of these ties. Additionally, its author provides a list of recommended action items for Members of the United States Congress, as well as a list of questions that may help Members develop a better understanding of this issue through interactions with defense and intelligence officials".
A member of the Quds Force was alleged arrested with 21 other suspects in the attack on the Israeli and United States embassies on 14 March 2012 in Azerbaijan.  Combat against Islamic State  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Battle_of_Tikrit_(2015)_(digitized).jpg)   The Quds Force's commander, General (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qasem_Soleimani) (Qasem Soleimani) Qasem Soleimani , was involved with both the planning as well as the execution of the operation to expel ISIL from Tikrit.  In 2014, Quds Force was (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian-led_intervention_in_Iraq) (Iranian-led intervention in Iraq) deployed into Iraq to lead Iranian action against (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_State_in_Iraq_and_the_Levant) (Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant) ISIL . Iran sent three Quds Force battalions to help the Iraqi government repel ISIL's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Iraq_offensive_(June_2014)) (Northern Iraq offensive (June 2014)) 2014 Northern Iraq offensive .[ 116]    Over 40 officers participated in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Tikrit) (Second Battle of Tikrit) Second Battle of Tikrit , including the commander of the force, Gen. Qasem Soleimani who took a leading role in the operation.  2020 drone strike on Qasem Soleimani in Iraq  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination_of_Qasem_Soleimani) (Assassination of Qasem Soleimani) Assassination of Qasem Soleimani  On 3 January 2020, a drone strike approved by United States President Donald Trump at Baghdad International Airport killed General (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qasem_Soleimani) (Qasem Soleimani) Qasem Soleimani , the head of the Quds Force. He was replaced by General Esmail Qaani [ 117]     In November 2021 the Commander of the corps went to Iraq for a visit.[ 118]       Lebanon  In Lebanon, Quads Force plays an important and ongoing role, mostly by supporting Hezbollah and other groups that are friendly to Iran. Its actions in Lebanon are part of a larger strategy that involves unconventional warfare, intelligence operations, and support for armed groups throughout the Middle East.[ 119]    [ 120]     One of the main ways the Quds Force is involved in Lebanon is through its close partnership with Hezbollah. It provides Hezbollah with weapons, training, money, and strategic advice through (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_190?action=edit&redlink=1) (Unit 190 (page does not exist)) Unit 190 ,[ 121]    [ 122]    [ 123]    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_700?action=edit&redlink=1) (Unit 700 (page does not exist)) Unit 700 ,[ 124]    [ 125]    and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_18000?action=edit&redlink=1) (Unit 18000 (page does not exist)) Unit 18000 .[ 126]    [ 127]    [ 128]    This support has helped Hezbollah grow into a powerful military and political group in Lebanon, and a central part of Iran’s efforts to challenge Israel in the region.[ 119]    The Quds Force also provides training for fighters, both in Lebanon and Iran. They help build up military infrastructure, including weapons storage sites in southern Lebanon. These are sometimes located near civilian areas or (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations) (United Nations) UN facilities, which increases risks during conflicts.[ 129]     The Quds Force is also directly involved in planning attacks. For example, a man named Hassan Ali Mahmoud Badir—who worked with both Hezbollah and the Quds Force—was recently killed in Beirut. Reports say he was helping to coordinate attacks between Hamas and Hezbollah, targeting Israeli civilians. This shows how the Quds Force is actively involved in organizing operations, not just offering support from a distance.[ 130]     Esmail Qaani, the leader of the Quds Force, has visited Lebanon often, especially after the 7 October Hamas attack on Israel.[ 131]    His visits are meant to strengthen cooperation between Iran, Hezbollah, and Palestinian groups. However, even with his involvement, Hezbollah still runs most operations in Lebanon on its own.[ 131]    Lebanon is just one part of the Quds Force’s broader mission. It also supports armed groups in Syria, Iraq, Yemen, and the Palestinian territories. These efforts are part of Iran’s regional strategy to build influence and challenge rival powers, especially Israel and the United States.[ 132]    [ 133]    [ 134]     In recent months, Israel has carried out strikes to kill Quds Force members and their allies in Lebanon, saying these individuals were planning attacks on civilians. The killing of people like Hassan Badir highlights how directly involved the Quds Force is in planning military operations.[ 135]    [ 136]    The presence of the Quds Force in Lebanon also contributes to regular flare-ups in violence between Hezbollah and Israel. Even when ceasefires are in place, the Quds Force’s actions often lead to violations and renewed clashes, making peace in the region more difficult to achieve.[ 130]    [ 137]      Syria  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Further information: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_civil_war) (Syrian civil war) Syrian civil war and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war) (Iranian involvement in the Syrian civil war) Iranian involvement in the Syrian civil war  In 2011, the Quds Force deployed to Syria.[ 138]    IRGC Commander Jafari announced on 16 September 2012 that Quds Force "were present" in Syria.[ 139]     In order to support Assad, the IRGC's Quds Force recruited, funded, and trained two key militias which are led by Quds Force commanders and operate from Iran. These are: ()     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liwa_Fatemiyoun) (Liwa Fatemiyoun) Liwa Fatemiyoun (a Shia Afghan militia founded in 2013)[ 140]     ()     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liwa_Zainabiyoun) (Liwa Zainabiyoun) Liwa Zainabiyoun (a Shia Pakistani militia founded in 2015)[ 141]      Coinciding with the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geneva_II_Conference_on_Syria) (Geneva II Conference on Syria) Geneva II Conference on Syria in 2014, Iran boosted its presence in Syria with several "hundred" military specialists, including senior commanders from the Quds Force, according to Iranian sources and security experts. While recently retired senior IRGC commander told that there were at least 60 to 70 Quds force commanders on the ground in Syria at any given time.[ 142]    The primary role of these forces is to gather intelligence and manage the logistics of the battle for the Syrian Government.[ 142]    [ 143]     In November 2015, the Quds Force conducted a successful rescue mission of a Russian bomber pilot who was shot down by a Turkish fighter jet.(./Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements)  (./Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_November_2020)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed) (Wikipedia:Citation needed) (This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2020)) citation needed   ]   In May 2018, Quds forces on the Syrian-held side of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golan_Heights) (Golan Heights) Golan Heights allegedly (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_House_of_Cards) (Operation House of Cards) fired around 20 projectiles towards Israeli army positions without causing damage or casualties.[ 144]    Israel responded with airstrikes against Iranian bases in Syria.[ 145]    At least twenty-three fighters, among them 18 foreigners, were reportedly killed in the strikes.[ 146]     In January 2019, the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces) (Israel Defense Forces) Israel Defense Forces confirmed that it had carried out strikes against Iranian military targets in Syria several hours after a rocket was intercepted over the Golan Heights. The Israeli military claimed in a statement that Quds Force positions were targeted and included a warning to the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_military) (Syrian military) Syrian military against "attempting to harm Israeli forces or territory."[ 147]     In April 2021, prominent Syria-based Quds operative Brigadier General Mohammad Reza Fallahzadeh became Quds Deputy Commander.[ 2]      Africa  In 2021, the African network was dismantled by the Israeli intelligence agency Mossad.[ 148]      Germany  In January 2018, German authorities conducted raids in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baden-Württemberg) (Baden-Württemberg) Baden-Württemberg , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia) (North Rhine-Westphalia) North Rhine-Westphalia , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bavaria) (Bavaria) Bavaria and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin) (Berlin) Berlin , searching homes and businesses belonging to ten alleged Iranian Quds Force members, suspected of spying on Israeli and Jewish targets.[ 149]      Yemen  In 2014, deployed as advisers for the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houthis) (Houthis) Houthis in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemeni_Civil_War_(2014–present)) (Yemeni Civil War (2014–present)) Yemeni Civil War .[ 150]    [ 151]    [ 152]       Commanders  (Number) No.  Portrait Commander Took office Left office Time in office (Reference(s)) Ref.   1 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ahmad_Vahidi_13990806_0446722.jpg) (Ahmad Vahidi) (Ahmad Vahidi)       Vahidi, Ahmad Brigadier general (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Vahidi) (Ahmad Vahidi) Ahmad Vahidi   (born 1958)  1988 1998 9–10 years –  2 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Qasem_Soleimani_with_Zolfaghar_Order.jpg) (Qasem Soleimani) (Qasem Soleimani)       Soleimani, Qasem Major general (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qasem_Soleimani) (Qasem Soleimani) Qasem Soleimani   (1957–2020)  21 March 1998 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination_of_Qasem_Soleimani) (Assassination of Qasem Soleimani) 3 January 2020  †  21 years, 288 days [ 153]    [ 154]      3 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Esmail_Ghaani_in_January_2020.jpg) (Esmail Qaani) (Esmail Qaani)       Qaani, Esmail Brigadier general (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esmail_Qaani) (Esmail Qaani) Esmail Qaani   (born 1957)  3 January 2020 Incumbent   6 years, 233 days [ 155]        Timeline  (/wiki/Esmail_Qaani) (Esmail Qaani) (Esmail Qaani)  (/wiki/Qasem_Soleimani) (Qasem Soleimani) (Qasem Soleimani)  (/wiki/Ahmad_Vahidi) (Ahmad Vahidi) (Ahmad Vahidi)       Designation as a terrorist organization  The (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury) (United States Department of the Treasury) United States Department of the Treasury designated the Quds Force under (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_13224) (Executive Order 13224) Executive Order 13224 for providing material support to U.S.-designated terrorist organizations on 25 October 2007, prohibiting transactions between the group and U.S. citizens, and freezing any assets under U.S. jurisdiction.[ 156]    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada) (Canada) Canada designated the Quds Force as a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_designated_terrorist_groups) (List of designated terrorist groups) terrorist organization on 17 December 2012.[ 157]    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel) (Israel) Israel designated the Quds Force as a terrorist organization in March 2015.[ 158]     On 23 October 2018, the kingdoms of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia) (Saudi Arabia) Saudi Arabia and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahrain) (Bahrain) Bahrain , both involved in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabian-led_intervention_in_Yemen) (Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen) Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen against Quds Force-backed (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houthis) (Houthis) Houthis , designated the IRGC as a terrorist organization. The designation also included former commander (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qasem_Soleimani) (Qasem Soleimani) Qasem Soleimani .[ 159]     In April 2019, the U.S. made the decision to designate the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps) (Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps) Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), a foreign military, as a foreign terrorist organization by the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_Department) (State Department) State Department under an immigration statute and their maximum pressure campaign.[ 160]    This designation was done over the opposition of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency) (Central Intelligence Agency) Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Defense) (United States Department of Defense) Department of Defense (DoD).[ 161]    [ 162]    [ 163]     On 28 August 2019, when Israel's foreign minister (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_Katz) (Israel Katz) Israel Katz made a visit to the United Kingdom, he asked the UK's foreign minister (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominic_Raab) (Dominic Raab) Dominic Raab to designate the Quds Force as a terrorist organization.[ 164]    The U.S. government's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rewards_for_Justice_Program) (Rewards for Justice Program) Rewards for Justice Program offers $15 million for information on QF financing.[ 165]     On 17 January 2026, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina) (Argentina) Argentina designated the Quds Force as a terrorist organization.[ 166]     Sanctions  The Quds Force circumvents international (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanctions_against_Iran) (Sanctions against Iran) sanctions against Iran by forming fake businesses and institutions.[ 167]     On 1 May 2020, the U.S. Department of the Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) designated Iranian-Iraqi national Amir Dianat, associate of Revolutionary Guards Quds Force officials. Dianat, who also known as Amir Abdulazeez Jaafar, has been involved in the Quds Force's efforts to generate revenue and smuggle weapons abroad. The U.S. Department of the Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) also designating "Taif" Mineral Mining Services Company, a company owned, controlled, or directed by Dianat.[ 168]       Timeline  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_wars_and_battles_involving_the_Quds_Force) (List of wars and battles involving the Quds Force) List of wars and battles involving the Quds Force  1980s  1981  The (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irregular_Warfare_Headquarters) (Irregular Warfare Headquarters) Irregular Warfare Headquarters is established within the Revolutionary Guards by Defense Minister (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mostafa_Chamran) (Mostafa Chamran) Mostafa Chamran , in cooperation with (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Montazeri) (Mohammad Montazeri) Mohammad Montazeri 's Department for Islamic Liberation Movements. These groups had the task of carrying out (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayatollah_Khomeini) (Ayatollah Khomeini) Ayatollah Khomeini 's policy of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_policy_of_exporting_the_Islamic_Revolution) (The policy of exporting the Islamic Revolution) exporting the Islamic revolution abroad, to Shia-majority countries ruled by non-Shia minorities. Elements of the Revolutionary Guards help establish the Shia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Bahrain) (Islamic Front for the Liberation of Bahrain) Islamic Front for the Liberation of Bahrain , as well as the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badr_Organization) (Badr Organization) Badr Organization in Iraq to fight against (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hussein) (Saddam Hussein) Saddam Hussein .[ 33]    [ 169]    [ 170]    [ 34]     1982  A contingent of 1,500 Revolutionary Guards, led by (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hossein_Dehghan) (Hossein Dehghan) Hossein Dehghan and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Akbar_Mohtashamipur) (Ali Akbar Mohtashamipur) Ali Akbar Mohtashamipur are dispatched to Lebanon's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beqaa_Valley) (Beqaa Valley) Beqaa Valley to train (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbollah) (Hezbollah) Hezbollah fighters resisting (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982_Lebanon_War) (1982 Lebanon War) Israeli aggression . A bomb is (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982–1983_Tyre_headquarters_bombings) (1982–1983 Tyre headquarters bombings) detonated inside the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces) (Israel Defense Forces) Israel Defense Forces Tyre headquarters in November, killing 75 Israeli (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shin_Bet) (Shin Bet) Shin Bet agents. Hezbollah and the Guards were suspected of orchestrating the attack.[ 171]     1983  The (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983_US_embassy_bombing_in_Beirut) (1983 US embassy bombing in Beirut) 1983 US embassy bombing in Beirut and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983_Beirut_barracks_bombing) (1983 Beirut barracks bombing) 1983 Beirut barracks bombing kill over 300 American and French soldiers and diplomats, including the CIA's top Middle East analyst and Near East director, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Ames_(CIA_official)) (Robert Ames (CIA official)) Robert Ames , Station Chief Kenneth Haas, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Lewis_(CIA)) (James Lewis (CIA)) James Lewis and most of the Beirut staff of the CIA. American courts have found Hezbollah's chief of operations (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imad_Mughniyeh) (Imad Mughniyeh) Imad Mughniyeh and Quds Force General (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali-Reza_Asgari) (Ali-Reza Asgari) Ali-Reza Asgari responsible for directing the attacks. A second bomb in Tyre kills 28 Israeli soldiers.[ 172]    A bomb (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983–1988_Kuwait_terror_attacks) (1983–1988 Kuwait terror attacks) detonation inside the U.S. embassy in Kuwait kills 17 Americans. Iraqi (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badr_Organization) (Badr Organization) Badr Organization military chief (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Mahdi_al-Muhandis) (Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis) Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis and Hezbollah operative (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Badreddine) (Mustafa Badreddine) Mustafa Badreddine were suspected of carrying out the attack with help from the Guards.[ 173]     1984  The (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984_US_embassy_bombing_in_Beirut) (1984 US embassy bombing in Beirut) 1984 US embassy bombing in Beirut by the pro-Iranian (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Jihad_Organization) (Islamic Jihad Organization) Islamic Jihad Organization results in the withdrawal of all U.S. troops from Lebanon. 1988  The Quds Force becomes an independent branch of the Guards, with (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Vahidi) (Ahmad Vahidi) Ahmad Vahidi as its first commander.   1990s  1990  Quds Force Brigadier-General (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Razi_Mousavi) (Razi Mousavi) Razi Mousavi is dispatched to Syria. In the following 33 years he headed the Quds Force Logistical Division "Unit 2250", responsible for coordinating Iranian logistical support for Syria's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assad_family) (Assad family) Assad government.[ 174]    [ 175]    [ 176]     1993  The Quds Force sends more than five[ 177]    ) thousand tonnes of arms to the Bosnian Muslims fighting in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosnian_War) (Bosnian War) Bosnian War .[ 178]    IRGC also supplied trainers and advisers for the Bosnian military and intelligence service.[ 178]    Several dozen Iranian intelligence experts joined the Bosnian Muslim intelligence agency.[ 179]    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Baer) (Robert Baer) Robert Baer , a CIA agent stationed in Sarajevo during the war, later claimed that "In Sarajevo, the Bosnian Muslim government is a client of the Iranians . . . If it's a choice between the CIA and the Iranians, they'll take the Iranians any day." By the war's end, public opinion polls showed some 86% of the Bosnian Muslim population expressed a positive attitude toward Iran. Quds Force Major-General (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qasem_Soleimani) (Qasem Soleimani) Qasem Soleimani was also reported to have personally fought in Bosnia in 1993-94.[ 180]     1994  The (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMIA_bombing) (AMIA bombing) AMIA bombing in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buenos_Aires) (Buenos Aires) Buenos Aires kills 85 Jewish and Israeli citizens. Argentinian courts have accused Quds Force commander Vahidi and Hezbollah commander Mughniyeh of being responsible for directing the attack.[ 181]     1995  An (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attack_on_the_Egyptian_Embassy_in_Pakistan) (Attack on the Egyptian Embassy in Pakistan) attack on the Egyptian Embassy in Pakistan (Islamabad) by the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_Islamic_Jihad) (Egyptian Islamic Jihad) Egyptian Islamic Jihad kills 17 people. Former (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIA) (CIA) CIA agent (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Baer) (Robert Baer) Robert Baer claims that (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imad_Mughniyah) (Imad Mughniyah) Imad Mughniyah , with Quds Force approval, "facilitated the travel" of somebody involved, and that one of his deputies had "provided a stolen Lebanese passport to one of the planners of the bombing".[ 182]     1996  The (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khobar_Towers_bombing) (Khobar Towers bombing) Khobar Towers bombing in Saudi Arabia by the Shia group (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbollah_Al-Hejaz) (Hezbollah Al-Hejaz) Hezbollah Al-Hejaz kills 19 American soldiers. Quds Force commander Vahidi is implicated in directing the attack.[ 183]     1997  Qasem Soleimani succeeds Vahidi as head of the Force. Under Soleimani, the Force's modus operandi shifts away from suicide bombings and towards helping allied organizations throughout the Middle East merge militant and state power.[ 184]     1998  The Force begins supporting the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Alliance) (Northern Alliance) Northern Alliance in its fight against the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taliban) (Taliban) Taliban in Afghanistan.[ 184]       2000s  2001  The Force cooperates with the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Army) (United States Army) United States Army in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001_uprising_in_Herat) (2001 uprising in Herat) driving out the Taliban and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qaeda) (Al-Qaeda) al-Qaeda from Herat during the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._invasion_of_Afghanistan) (U.S. invasion of Afghanistan) U.S. invasion of Afghanistan .[ 185]     2002  During the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Intifada) (Second Intifada) Second Intifada , Soleimani and Mughniyeh oversee the smuggling of weapons to the Palestinian (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas) (Hamas) Hamas and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Islamic_Jihad) (Palestinian Islamic Jihad) Islamic Jihad factions, according to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anis_al-Naqqash) (Anis al-Naqqash) Anis al-Naqqash .[ 186]    [ 187]     2004  The (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(2003–2011)) (Iraqi insurgency (2003–2011)) Iraqi insurgency against U.S. occupation begins. The Quds Force provides the insurgents with weapons, most notably (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Explosively_formed_penetrators) (Explosively formed penetrators) explosively formed penetrators (EFPs) or roadside bombs, used to devastating effect against (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalition_forces) (Coalition forces) coalition forces and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blackwater_USA) (Blackwater USA) Blackwater mercenaries, as in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Fallujah_ambush) (2004 Fallujah ambush) 2004 Fallujah ambush and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Good_Friday_ambush) (2004 Good Friday ambush) 2004 Good Friday ambush .[ 188]    [ 189]    [ 190]     2006  In July and August, Soleimani was part of the three-man operational command in Beirut that led all of Hezbollah operations in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_Lebanon_War) (2006 Lebanon War) war against Israel, alongside Hezbollah Secretary-General (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_Nasrallah) (Hassan Nasrallah) Hassan Nasrallah and Mughniyeh.[ 191]     2007  On 20 January, Iraqi Shia militia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asa'ib_Ahl_al-Haq) (Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq) Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq , with training provided in Iran by Quds Force General (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdolreza_Shahlaei) (Abdolreza Shahlaei) Abdolreza Shahlaei and Hezbollah sniper network leader (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Musa_Daqduq) (Ali Musa Daqduq) Ali Musa Daqduq , launches a successful (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karbala_provincial_headquarters_raid) (Karbala provincial headquarters raid) commando operation against the U.S. Army's Karbala Joint Coordination headquarters, infiltrating it and killing five American soldiers.[ 192]    On the same day, twenty more American soldiers were killed by other insurgents throughout Iraq, making it the third worst day for U.S. troops in the entire war.[ 193]    [ 194]    [ 195]     2009  According to Hamas leader (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismail_Haniyeh) (Ismail Haniyeh) Ismail Haniyeh , Soleimani was present at the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Joint_Operations_Room) (Palestinian Joint Operations Room) Palestinian Joint Operations Room in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascus) (Damascus) Damascus , Syria throughout January, overseeing operations against the Israeli Army during the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008-2009_Gaza_War) (2008-2009 Gaza War) 2008-2009 Gaza War .[ 196]       2010s  2012  The Quds Force oversees the formation and training of the pro-Assad (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Defence_Forces) (National Defence Forces) National Defence Forces in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_Civil_War) (Syrian Civil War) Syrian Civil War , modeled on the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basij) (Basij) Basij of Iran.[ 197]     2013  The Force provides further financial, military, logistical and personnel support to Assad, and oversees the formation and training of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liwa_Fatemiyoun) (Liwa Fatemiyoun) Liwa Fatemiyoun and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liwa_Zainebiyoun) (Liwa Zainebiyoun) Liwa Zainebiyoun militias consisting of Afghan and Pakistani Shias, to fight in Syria, as well as of Hezbollah fighters from Lebanon.[ 198]    [ 199]     2014  The Force oversees the merger of various Iraqi Shia militias into the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popular_Mobilization_Forces) (Popular Mobilization Forces) Popular Mobilization Forces fighting on the side of the Iraqi government (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_against_the_Islamic_State) (War against the Islamic State) against the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant) (Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant) Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant . The PMF is led by (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadi_al-Amiri) (Hadi al-Amiri) Hadi al-Amiri and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Mahdi_al-Muhandis) (Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis) Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis , two Badr Organization leaders with ties το Iran since the 1980s.[ 200]    The Force also supplies arms to Kurdish (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peshmerga) (Peshmerga) Peshmerga fighting the Islamic State in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraqi_Kurdistan) (Iraqi Kurdistan) Iraqi Kurdistan .[ 201]     2015  Soleimani personally commands victorious operations against the Islamic State such as the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Tikrit) (Second Battle of Tikrit) Second Battle of Tikrit in Iraq[ 202]    and the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(October–December_2015)) (Aleppo offensive (October–December 2015)) Aleppo offensive (October–December 2015) .[ 203]    [ 204]    He also personally leads a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Russian_Sukhoi_Su-24_shootdown#Search_and_rescue) (2015 Russian Sukhoi Su-24 shootdown) commando operation to rescue a downed Russian pilot inside enemy territory.[ 205]     2016  Soleimani completes the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Aleppo_summer_campaign) (2016 Aleppo summer campaign) encirclement of Aleppo in Syria[ 206]    and leads the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Battle_of_Fallujah) (Third Battle of Fallujah) liberation of Fallujah in Iraq.[ 207]     2017  Soleimani and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_Arab_Army) (Syrian Arab Army) Syrian Arab Army General (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suheil_al-Hassan) (Suheil al-Hassan) Suheil al-Hassan lead the final successful (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Abu_Kamal_offensive) (2017 Abu Kamal offensive) 2017 Abu Kamal offensive against the Islamic State in Syria.[ 208]     2018  Quds Force General (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdolreza_Shahlaei) (Abdolreza Shahlaei) Abdolreza Shahlaei is dispatched to Yemen in order to coordinate the provision of Iranian military-logistical assistance to the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houthi_Movement) (Houthi Movement) Houthi Movement fighting against a Saudi and Emirati-led (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi-led_intervention_in_the_Yemeni_civil_war) (Saudi-led intervention in the Yemeni civil war) coalition in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemeni_civil_war_(2014–present)) (Yemeni civil war (2014–present)) Yemeni Civil War .[ 209]       2020s  2020  Soleimani and Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis are (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination_of_Qasem_Soleimani) (Assassination of Qasem Soleimani) assassinated in Baghdad, Iraq. Brigadier-General (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esmail_Qaani) (Esmail Qaani) Esmail Qaani , Soleimani's long-time deputy, becomes head of the Quds Force. 2023  Razi Mousavi is killed in Damascus, Syria.: Quds force operatives arrested in Cyprus.[ 210]     2024  Brigadier-General (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Reza_Zahedi) (Mohammad Reza Zahedi) Mohammad Reza Zahedi , alleged head of the Quds Force's Syria-Lebanon operations, is (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination_of_Mohammad_Reza_Zahedi) (Assassination of Mohammad Reza Zahedi) assassinated in an Israeli (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-35) (F-35) F-35 strike on the Iranian Embassy building in Damascus.[ 211]        See also  (flag)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Iran) (Portal:Iran) Iran portal    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligence_Organization_of_the_Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps) (Intelligence Organization of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps) Intelligence Organization of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_Activities_Center) (Special Activities Center) CIA Special Activities Center  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_190?action=edit&redlink=1) (Unit 190 (page does not exist)) Unit 190  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_340?action=edit&redlink=1) (Unit 340 (page does not exist)) Unit 340  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_400?action=edit&redlink=1) (Unit 400 (page does not exist)) Unit 400  Unit 840 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_2250?action=edit&redlink=1) (Unit 2250 (page does not exist)) Unit 2250  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_18000?action=edit&redlink=1) (Unit 18000 (page does not exist)) Unit 18000    References   ↑   Cordesman & Kleiber 2007 , p. 78.  1  2   (https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/who-mohammad-reza-fallahzadeh-new-deputy-commander-irans-qods-force) "Who Is Mohammad Reza Fallahzadeh, the New Deputy Commander of Iran's Qods Force?" . The Washington Institute. (https://web.archive.org/web/20230528103408/https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/who-mohammad-reza-fallahzadeh-new-deputy-commander-irans-qods-force) Archived from the original on 28 May 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2023 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Who+Is+Mohammad+Reza+Fallahzadeh%2C+the+New+Deputy+Commander+of+Iran%27s+Qods+Force%3F&rft.pub=The+Washington+Institute&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtoninstitute.org%2Fpolicy-analysis%2Fwho-mohammad-reza-fallahzadeh-new-deputy-commander-irans-qods-force&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Kamrava, Mehran, ed. (2020). "The Armed Forces in Post-revolutionary Iran". Routledge Handbook of Persian Gulf Politics . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routledge) (Routledge) Routledge . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780429514081) (Special:BookSources/9780429514081) 9780429514081  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Armed+Forces+in+Post-revolutionary+Iran&rft.btitle=Routledge+Handbook+of+Persian+Gulf+Politics&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9780429514081&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Ward, Euan (16 June 2025). (https://www.nytimes.com/2025/06/16/world/middleeast/what-is-irans-quds-force.html) "What Is Iran's Quds Force?" . The New York Times . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) (ISSN (identifier)) ISSN  (https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) 0362-4331 . Retrieved 9 June 2026 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=What+Is+Iran%27s+Quds+Force%3F&rft.date=2025-06-16&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=Euan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2025%2F06%2F16%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fwhat-is-irans-quds-force.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  McChrystal, Stanley. (https://foreignpolicy.com/gt-essay/irans-deadly-puppet-master-qassem-suleimani/) "Iran's Deadly Puppet Master" . Foreign Policy . (https://web.archive.org/web/20230602160259/https://foreignpolicy.com/gt-essay/irans-deadly-puppet-master-qassem-suleimani/) Archived from the original on 2 June 2023. Retrieved 7 January 2020 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Policy&rft.atitle=Iran%27s+Deadly+Puppet+Master&rft.aulast=McChrystal&rft.aufirst=Stanley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforeignpolicy.com%2Fgt-essay%2Firans-deadly-puppet-master-qassem-suleimani%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Operational Environment Assessment (OEA) Team (April 2010). (https://community.apan.org/wg/tradoc-g2/ace-threats-integration/m/documents/212529/download) "Operational Environment Assessment: Iran" . Ft. Leavenworth, KS: TRADOC Intelligence Support Activity (TRISA)—Threats, US Army. (https://web.archive.org/web/20230727125844/https://community.apan.org/cfs-file/__key/telligent-evolution-components-attachments/13-15195-00-00-00-21-25-29/OEA_2D00_5-Iran-April-2010.pdf?forcedownload=true) Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 July 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2023 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Operational+Environment+Assessment%3A+Iran&rft.place=Ft.+Leavenworth%2C+KS&rft.pub=TRADOC+Intelligence+Support+Activity+%28TRISA%29%E2%80%94Threats%2C+US+Army&rft.date=2010-04&rft.au=Operational+Environment+Assessment+%28OEA%29+Team&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcommunity.apan.org%2Fwg%2Ftradoc-g2%2Face-threats-integration%2Fm%2Fdocuments%2F212529%2Fdownload&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)  (Public Domain)     This article incorporates  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copyright_status_of_works_by_the_federal_government_of_the_United_States) (Copyright status of works by the federal government of the United States) public domain material from websites or documents of the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Army) (United States Army) United States Army . (./Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_text_from_the_United_States_Army)  (./Category:Wikipedia_articles_incorporating_text_from_public_domain_works_of_the_United_States_Government)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.cfr.org/backgrounders/irans-revolutionary-guards) "The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) | Council on Foreign Relations" . www.cfr.org . 30 January 2026. Retrieved 9 June 2026 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cfr.org&rft.atitle=The+Islamic+Revolutionary+Guard+Corps+%28IRGC%29+%7C+Council+on+Foreign+Relations&rft.date=2026-01-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cfr.org%2Fbackgrounders%2Firans-revolutionary-guards&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.newsweek.com/iranian-military-mastermind-leading-battle-recapture-tikrit-isis-311516) "Iranian Military Mastermind Leading Battle to Recapture Tikrit From ISIS" . Newsweek . Retrieved 9 June 2026 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Newsweek&rft.atitle=Iranian+Military+Mastermind+Leading+Battle+to+Recapture+Tikrit+From+ISIS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsweek.com%2Firanian-military-mastermind-leading-battle-recapture-tikrit-isis-311516&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)    ↑   Dionisi 2006 , p. 7.  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6260301.stm) "Iran demands nationals' release" . BBC News. 14 January 2007. (https://web.archive.org/web/20070119010353/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6260301.stm) Archived from the original on 19 January 2007. Retrieved 14 February 2007 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Iran+demands+nationals%27+release&rft.date=2007-01-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fmiddle_east%2F6260301.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Cunningham, Erin; Hendrix, Steve (22 February 2020). (Free registration required) (https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/irans-revolutionary-guards-wrestle-with-new-reality-after-killing-of-their-chief-military-strategist/2020/02/21/db35985c-53f1-11ea-80ce-37a8d4266c09_story.html) "Iran's Revolutionary Guard Corps wrestles with new reality after killing of its chief military strategist"  . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post) (The Washington Post) The Washington Post  . (https://web.archive.org/web/20221207050308/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/irans-revolutionary-guards-wrestle-with-new-reality-after-killing-of-their-chief-military-strategist/2020/02/21/db35985c-53f1-11ea-80ce-37a8d4266c09_story.html) Archived from the original on 7 December 2022. Retrieved 27 July 2023 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Iran%27s+Revolutionary+Guard+Corps+wrestles+with+new+reality+after+killing+of+its+chief+military+strategist&rft.date=2020-02-22&rft.aulast=Cunningham&rft.aufirst=Erin&rft.au=Hendrix%2C+Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle_east%2Firans-revolutionary-guards-wrestle-with-new-reality-after-killing-of-their-chief-military-strategist%2F2020%2F02%2F21%2Fdb35985c-53f1-11ea-80ce-37a8d4266c09_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Country-Reports-on-Terrorism-2019-2.pdf) Country Reports on Terrorism 2019 (PDF) (Report). (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State) (United States Department of State) United States Department of State . (https://web.archive.org/web/20211111032934/https://www.state.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Country-Reports-on-Terrorism-2019-2.pdf) Archived (PDF) from the original on 11 November 2021. Retrieved 27 July 2023 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Country+Reports+on+Terrorism+2019&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+State&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.state.gov%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F06%2FCountry-Reports-on-Terrorism-2019-2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Ostovar, Afshon (2016). Vanguard of the Imam: Religion, Politics, and Iran's Revolutionary Guards . Oxford University Press. p. 263. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0199387892) (Special:BookSources/978-0199387892) 978-0199387892  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vanguard+of+the+Imam%3A+Religion%2C+Politics%2C+and+Iran%27s+Revolutionary+Guards&rft.pages=263&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0199387892&rft.aulast=Ostovar&rft.aufirst=Afshon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://esfahanemrooz.ir/875881-%D8%AD%D9%82%DB%8C%D9%82%D8%AA-%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%86-%C2%AB%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C-%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3%C2%BB--%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87-%D9%82%D9%87%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%8C-%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA-/-%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%8C-%D8%B9%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D9%88-%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AD-%D8%B1%D8%A7.html) "حقیقت‌پور از طراحان "نیروی قدس": ادامه قهر انتخاباتی مردم، سمی برای نظام است / خالص‌سازان، عقلای دو جناح را به نیروهای ساکت تبدیل کرده‌اند » اصفهان امروز آنلاین" . اصفهان امروز آنلاین . (https://web.archive.org/web/20230727125903/https://esfahanemrooz.ir/875881-%D8%AD%D9%82%DB%8C%D9%82%D8%AA-%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D8%B2-%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%86-%C2%AB%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C-%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3%C2%BB--%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87-%D9%82%D9%87%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C-%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%8C-%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA-/-%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5-%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%8C-%D8%B9%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C-%D8%AF%D9%88-%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AD-%D8%B1%D8%A7.html) Archived from the original on 27 July 2023. Retrieved 27 July 2023 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%81%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2+%D8%A2%D9%86%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86&rft.atitle=%D8%AD%D9%82%DB%8C%D9%82%D8%AA%E2%80%8C%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D8%B2+%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%86+%22%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C+%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3%22%3A+%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%87+%D9%82%D9%87%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%8C+%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%8C+%D8%B3%D9%85%DB%8C+%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C+%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85+%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA+%2F+%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%8C+%D8%B9%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C+%D8%AF%D9%88+%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AD+%D8%B1%D8%A7+%D8%A8%D9%87+%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C+%D8%B3%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%AA+%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84+%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF+%C2%BB+%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%81%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B2+%D8%A2%D9%86%D9%84%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fesfahanemrooz.ir%2F875881-%25D8%25AD%25D9%2582%25DB%258C%25D9%2582%25D8%25AA-%25D9%25BE%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1-%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B2-%25D8%25B7%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AD%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586-%25C2%25AB%25D9%2586%25DB%258C%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25DB%258C-%25D9%2582%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B3%25C2%25BB--%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585%25D9%2587-%25D9%2582%25D9%2587%25D8%25B1-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%25AA%25D8%25AE%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA%25DB%258C-%25D9%2585%25D8%25B1%25D8%25AF%25D9%2585%25D8%258C-%25D8%25B3%25D9%2585%25DB%258C-%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25DB%258C-%25D9%2586%25D8%25B8%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585-%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA-%2F-%25D8%25AE%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25B5-%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B2%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586%25D8%258C-%25D8%25B9%25D9%2582%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25DB%258C-%25D8%25AF%25D9%2588-%25D8%25AC%25D9%2586%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AD-%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)    1  2  3   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Uskowi, Nader (2018). Temperature Rising: Iran's Revolutionary Guards and Wars in the Middle East . Rowman & Littlefield. p. 42. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781538121740) (Special:BookSources/9781538121740) 9781538121740  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Temperature+Rising%3A+Iran%27s+Revolutionary+Guards+and+Wars+in+the+Middle+East&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9781538121740&rft.aulast=Uskowi&rft.aufirst=Nader&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Matusitz, Jonathan (2014). "Al-Quds: The Muslim Jerusalem". Symbolism in Terrorism: Motivation, Communication, and Behavior . Rowman & Littlefield. p. 117. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1442235793) (Special:BookSources/978-1442235793) 978-1442235793  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Al-Quds%3A+The+Muslim+Jerusalem&rft.btitle=Symbolism+in+Terrorism%3A+Motivation%2C+Communication%2C+and+Behavior&rft.pages=117&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1442235793&rft.aulast=Matusitz&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Moghadam, Assaf (2011). (https://books.google.com/books?id=hiipAgAAQBAJ&q=quds+force+bosnia) Militancy and Political Violence in Shiism: Trends and Patterns  . Routledge. p. 87. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1136663536) (Special:BookSources/978-1136663536) 978-1136663536  . (https://web.archive.org/web/20171013225515/https://books.google.com/books?id=hiipAgAAQBAJ&dq=quds+force+bosnia&hl=en&source=gbs_navlinks_s) Archived from the original on 13 October 2017. Retrieved 12 November 2016 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Militancy+and+Political+Violence+in+Shiism%3A+Trends+and+Patterns&rft.pages=87&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1136663536&rft.aulast=Moghadam&rft.aufirst=Assaf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhiipAgAAQBAJ%26q%3Dquds%2Bforce%2Bbosnia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1565107/Iran%27s-Revolutionary-Guards-Quds-force.html) "Iran's Revolutionary Guards" . Telegraph . 4 October 2007. Retrieved 1 March 2013 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Taliban+fighters+training+in+Iran%2C+U.S.+officials+say&rft.date=2010-03-23&rft.aulast=Todd&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft.au=Benson%2C+Pam&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2010%2FWORLD%2Fmeast%2F03%2F23%2Firan.taliban%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Jha, Lalit K (16 March 2011). (http://www.pajhwok.com/en/2011/03/16/concern-us-over-increasing-iranian-activity-afghanistan) "Concern in US over increasing Iranian activity in Afghanistan" . Pajhwok Afghan News . (https://web.archive.org/web/20130510145642/http://www.pajhwok.com/en/2011/03/16/concern-us-over-increasing-iranian-activity-afghanistan) Archived from the original on 10 May 2013. Retrieved 18 May 2013 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pajhwok+Afghan+News&rft.atitle=Concern+in+US+over+increasing+Iranian+activity+in+Afghanistan&rft.date=2011-03-16&rft.aulast=Jha&rft.aufirst=Lalit+K&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pajhwok.com%2Fen%2F2011%2F03%2F16%2Fconcern-us-over-increasing-iranian-activity-afghanistan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  O'Rourke, Breffni (18 April 2007). (https://www.rferl.org/a/1075937.html) "Afghanistan: U.S. Says Iranian-Made Weapons Found" . Radio Free Europe . (https://web.archive.org/web/20130811042251/http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1075937.html) Archived from the original on 11 August 2013. Retrieved 18 May 2013 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Free+Europe&rft.atitle=Afghanistan%3A+U.S.+Says+Iranian-Made+Weapons+Found&rft.date=2007-04-18&rft.aulast=O%27Rourke&rft.aufirst=Breffni&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2Fa%2F1075937.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20120305015156/http://articles.cnn.com/2010-10-06/world/afghanistan.iran.weapons_1_iranian-weapons-afghanistan-sunni-taliban?_s=PM%3AWORLD) "Afghans find tons of explosive devices transferred from Iran" . CNN . 6 October 2010. Archived from (http://articles.cnn.com/2010-10-06/world/afghanistan.iran.weapons_1_iranian-weapons-afghanistan-sunni-taliban?_s=PM:WORLD) the original on 5 March 2012. Retrieved 18 May 2013 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Afghans+find+tons+of+explosive+devices+transferred+from+Iran&rft.date=2010-10-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.cnn.com%2F2010-10-06%2Fworld%2Fafghanistan.iran.weapons_1_iranian-weapons-afghanistan-sunni-taliban%3F_s%3DPM%3AWORLD&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20150721071039/http://www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=35708) "Is Iran Supporting the Insurgency in Afghanistan?" . Terrorism Monitor . 7 (33). The Jamestown Foundation. Archived from (http://www.jamestown.org/single/?no_cache=1&tx_ttnews%5Btt_news%5D=35708) the original on 21 July 2015. Retrieved 19 May 2015 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Terrorism+Monitor&rft.atitle=Is+Iran+Supporting+the+Insurgency+in+Afghanistan%3F&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=33&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jamestown.org%2Fsingle%2F%3Fno_cache%3D1%26tx_ttnews%255Btt_news%255D%3D35708&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Moghadam, Assaf (2011). (https://books.google.com/books?id=hiipAgAAQBAJ&q=quds+force+bosnia) Militancy and Political Violence in Shiism: Trends and Patterns  . Routledge. p. 87. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1136663536) (Special:BookSources/978-1136663536) 978-1136663536  . (https://web.archive.org/web/20171013225515/https://books.google.com/books?id=hiipAgAAQBAJ&dq=quds+force+bosnia&hl=en&source=gbs_navlinks_s) Archived from the original on 13 October 2017. Retrieved 12 November 2016 . It also assisted in the establishment of Hizballah in Lebanon and various Islamic groups in Bosnia.  (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Militancy+and+Political+Violence+in+Shiism%3A+Trends+and+Patterns&rft.pages=87&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1136663536&rft.aulast=Moghadam&rft.aufirst=Assaf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhiipAgAAQBAJ%26q%3Dquds%2Bforce%2Bbosnia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Rubin, Michael (2001). (https://books.google.com/books?id=ChaKAAAAMAAJ&q=quds+force+bosnia) Into the Shadows: Radical Vigilantes in Khatami's Iran  . Washington Institute for Near East Policy. p. 46. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0944029459) (Special:BookSources/978-0944029459) 978-0944029459  . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Iran+Unveiled%3A+How+the+Revolutionary+Guards+Is+Transforming+Iran+from+Theocracy+into+Military+Dictatorship&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pages=213&rft.pub=AEI+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-8447-7255-4&rft.au=Ali+Alfoneh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZ8N7ATqedvAC%26pg%3DPA213&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)    1  2   Roger Faligot and Remi Kauffer, Les Maitres Espions , (Paris: Robert Laffont, 1994) pp. 412–413  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://iranprobe.com/how-the-quds-force-of-the-iranian-regime-was-formed-and-grew/) "How the Quds Force of the Iranian regime was formed and grew" . Iran Probe . 20 August 2020. Retrieved 13 September 2024 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Why+Yemen%27s+Houthis+are+attacking+ships+in+the+Red+Sea&rft.issn=0013-0613&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fmiddle-east-and-africa%2F2023%2F12%2F04%2Fwhy-yemens-houthis-are-attacking-ships-in-the-red-sea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://stop910.com/en/galleryAbuJihad.html) "Abu Jihad's Foreign Operations Unit: Terror Control" . Stop910 . Retrieved 13 September 2024 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stop910&rft.atitle=Abu+Jihad%27s+Foreign+Operations+Unit%3A+Terror+Control&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstop910.com%2Fen%2FgalleryAbuJihad.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Alfoneh, Ali (2013), Iran Unveiled: How the Revolutionary Guards Is Transforming Iran from Theocracy into Military Dictatorship , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Enterprise_Institute) (American Enterprise Institute) American Enterprise Institute , p. 230, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8447-7255-4) (Special:BookSources/978-0-8447-7255-4) 978-0-8447-7255-4   (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Iran+Unveiled%3A+How+the+Revolutionary+Guards+Is+Transforming+Iran+from+Theocracy+into+Military+Dictatorship&rft.pages=230&rft.pub=American+Enterprise+Institute&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-8447-7255-4&rft.aulast=Alfoneh&rft.aufirst=Ali&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.memri.org/reports/top-iranian-defector-irans-collaboration-iraq-north-korea-al-qaida-and-hizbullah) "Top Iranian Defector On Iran's Collaboration with Iraq, North Korea, Al-Qa'ida, and Hizbullah" . MEMRI . Retrieved 13 September 2024 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MEMRI&rft.atitle=Top+Iranian+Defector+On+Iran%27s+Collaboration+with+Iraq%2C+North+Korea%2C+Al-Qa%27ida%2C+and+Hizbullah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.memri.org%2Freports%2Ftop-iranian-defector-irans-collaboration-iraq-north-korea-al-qaida-and-hizbullah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Hamza Demirel (Summer 2016). (https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1008&context=gpis_etds) "Assessing the Role of the Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps' Extraterritorial Activities in Attaining Iran's Foreign Policy Goals" . digitalcommons.odu.edu . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=digitalcommons.odu.edu&rft.atitle=Assessing+the+Role+of+the+Islamic+Revolutionary+Guards+Corps%27+Extraterritorial+Activities+in+Attaining+Iran%27s+Foreign+Policy+Goals&rft.ssn=summer&rft.date=2016&rft.au=Hamza+Demirel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcommons.odu.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1008%26context%3Dgpis_etds&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)    1  2  3   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Daragahi, Borzou; Spiegel, Peter (15 February 2007). (https://web.archive.org/web/20230727125850/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2007-feb-15-fg-quds15-story.html) "Iran's elite and mysterious fighters" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times) (Los Angeles Times) Los Angeles Times  . Archived from (https://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-quds15feb15,1,7977308.story?coll=la-headlines-world) the original on 27 July 2023. Retrieved 15 February 2007 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Iran%27s+elite+and+mysterious+fighters&rft.date=2007-02-15&rft.aulast=Daragahi&rft.aufirst=Borzou&rft.au=Spiegel%2C+Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fnews%2Fnationworld%2Fworld%2Fla-fg-quds15feb15%2C1%2C7977308.story%3Fcoll%3Dla-headlines-world&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.foxnews.com/story/experts-irans-quds-force-deeply-enmeshed-in-iraq) "Experts: Iran's Quds Force Deeply Enmeshed in Iraq" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox_News) (Fox News) Fox News . 15 February 2007. (https://web.archive.org/web/20081014070859/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,252212,00.html) Archived from the original on 14 October 2008. Retrieved 15 February 2007 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Experts%3A+Iran%27s+Quds+Force+Deeply+Enmeshed+in+Iraq&rft.date=2007-02-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fstory%2Fexperts-irans-quds-force-deeply-enmeshed-in-iraq&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Shane, Scott (17 February 2007). (https://web.archive.org/web/20170701091213/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/17/world/middleeast/17quds.html?_r=1&oref=slogin) "Iranian Force, Focus of U.S., Still a Mystery" . New York Times . Archived from (https://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/17/world/middleeast/17quds.html?_r=1&oref=slogin) the original on 1 July 2017. Retrieved 17 February 2007 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Iranian+Force%2C+Focus+of+U.S.%2C+Still+a+Mystery&rft.date=2007-02-17&rft.aulast=Shane&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F02%2F17%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2F17quds.html%3F_r%3D1%26oref%3Dslogin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  "Chapter Seven: Middle East and North Africa". The Military Balance . 120 (1). Routledge: 348– 352. 2020. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) (Doi (identifier)) doi :(https://doi.org/10.1080%2F04597222.2020.1707968) 10.1080/04597222.2020.1707968 . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-367-46639-8) (Special:BookSources/978-0-367-46639-8) 978-0-367-46639-8  . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) (ISSN (identifier)) ISSN  (https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0459-7222) 0459-7222 . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) (S2CID (identifier)) S2CID  (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:219624897) 219624897 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Military+Balance&rft.atitle=Chapter+Seven%3A+Middle+East+and+North+Africa&rft.volume=120&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=348-352&rft.date=2020&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F04597222.2020.1707968&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A219624897%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0459-7222&rft.isbn=978-0-367-46639-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)  {{(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_journal) (Template:Cite journal) cite journal }} :  CS1 maint: periodical has ISBN ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_periodical_has_ISBN) (Category:CS1 maint: periodical has ISBN) link ) (./Category:CS1_maint:_periodical_has_ISBN)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Charbonneau, Louis (19 November 2014). (https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-sanctions-china-exclusive-idUSKCN0J20CE20141119) "Iran uses China bank to transfer funds to Quds-linked companies" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuters) (Reuters) Reuters . (https://web.archive.org/web/20200324095314/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-sanctions-china-exclusive-idUSKCN0J20CE20141119) Archived from the original on 24 March 2020. Retrieved 6 January 2020 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Iran+uses+China+bank+to+transfer+funds+to+Quds-linked+companies&rft.date=2014-11-19&rft.aulast=Charbonneau&rft.aufirst=Louis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-iran-sanctions-china-exclusive-idUSKCN0J20CE20141119&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Seliktar, Ofira (19 December 2019). Iran, Revolution, and Proxy Wars (Middle East Today) . Palgrave Macmillan; 1st ed. 2020 edition. p. 120. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Iran%2C+Revolution%2C+and+Proxy+Wars+%28Middle+East+Today%29&rft.pages=120&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan%3B+1st+ed.+2020+edition&rft.date=2019-12-19&rft.aulast=Seliktar&rft.aufirst=Ofira&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.elnashra.com/news/show/1703112/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B2-%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AA%D9%81%D9%83%D8%B1-%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82) "التايمز: إيران تفكر في تهريب الأسلحة إلى حزب الله عن طريق نقلها جواً إلى لبنان" . Elnashra News (in Arabic). Retrieved 8 June 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Elnashra+News&rft.atitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B2%3A+%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%AA%D9%81%D9%83%D8%B1+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A8+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A9+%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87+%D8%B9%D9%86+%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82+%D9%86%D9%82%D9%84%D9%87%D8%A7+%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%8B+%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89+%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elnashra.com%2Fnews%2Fshow%2F1703112%2F%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D9%258A%25D9%2585%25D8%25B2-%25D8%25A5%25D9%258A%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586-%25D8%25AA%25D9%2581%25D9%2583%25D8%25B1-%25D8%25AA%25D9%2587%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A%25D8%25A8-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A3%25D8%25B3%25D9%2584%25D8%25AD%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25A5%25D9%2584%25D9%2589-%25D8%25AD%25D8%25B2%25D8%25A8-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2584%25D9%2587-%25D8%25B7%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A%25D9%2582&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)  (./Category:CS1_Arabic-language_sources_(ar))    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.alarabiya.net/iran/2024/12/23/%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%B7-%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA-) "بعد سقوط الأسد.. إيران تخطط لتهريب الأسلحة إلى حزب الله عبر مطار بيروت" . العربية (in Arabic). 23 December 2024. Retrieved 8 June 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9&rft.atitle=%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF+%D8%B3%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%AF..+%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%B7%D8%B7+%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A8+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A9+%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87+%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1+%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B1+%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA&rft.date=2024-12-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alarabiya.net%2Firan%2F2024%2F12%2F23%2F%25D8%25AA%25D9%2582%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A%25D8%25B1-%25D8%25A7%25D9%258A%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586-%25D8%25AA%25D8%25AE%25D8%25B7%25D8%25B7-%25D9%2584%25D8%25AA%25D9%2587%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A%25D8%25A8-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A3%25D8%25B3%25D9%2584%25D8%25AD%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2589-%25D8%25AD%25D8%25B2%25D8%25A8-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2584%25D9%2587-%25D8%25B9%25D8%25A8%25D8%25B1-%25D9%2585%25D8%25B7%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1-%25D8%25A8%25D9%258A%25D8%25B1%25D9%2588%25D8%25AA-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)  (./Category:CS1_Arabic-language_sources_(ar))    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.radiozamaneh.com/803619/) "از هک شدن سامانه‌های مجلس شورای اسلامی ایران چه می‌دانیم؟" . 14 February 2024. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D8%A7%D8%B2+%D9%87%DA%A9+%D8%B4%D8%AF%D9%86+%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C+%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3+%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C+%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C+%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86+%DA%86%D9%87+%D9%85%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%9F&rft.date=2024-02-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.radiozamaneh.com%2F803619%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Golnaz Esfandiari (16 February 2007). (https://web.archive.org/web/20080416114504/http://www.rferl.org/features/features_Article.aspx?m=02&y=2007&id=36B123CE-693B-448E-BF7D-A541E2A7BD12) "Iran: Expert Discusses Iran's Quds Force And U.S. Charges Concerning Iraq" . Radio Free Europe . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Operations+Anaconda+entering+second+week&rft.date=2002-03-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchives.cnn.com%2F2002%2FUS%2F03%2F08%2Fret.war.facts%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Karon, Tony (18 September 2001). (https://web.archive.org/web/20060913022432/http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,175372,00.html) "TIME.com Primer: The Taliban and Afghanistan" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_(magazine)) (Time (magazine)) Time  . Archived from (http://www.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,175372,00.html) the original on 13 September 2006. Retrieved 16 October 2006 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=IraqNewspaper.net&rft.atitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81+%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AC%D8%AB%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1+%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A1+%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D9%8A+%D9%82%D8%AA%D9%84+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7+%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%B4+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A+%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%84+%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86&rft.date=2019-06-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Firaqnewspaper.net%2Far%2F%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81-%D8%AC%D8%AB%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1-%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)  (./Category:CS1_Arabic-language_sources_(ar))    1  2   (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iran/10654144/Iran-boosts-support-to-Syria.html) Iran boosts support to Syria (https://web.archive.org/web/20190408154504/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iran/10654144/Iran-boosts-support-to-Syria.html) Archived 8 April 2019 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)  , Telegraph, 21 February 2014  ↑   (http://www.understandingwar.org/report/iranian-strategy-syria) Iranian Strategy in Syria (https://web.archive.org/web/20171022001408/http://www.understandingwar.org/report/iranian-strategy-syria) Archived 22 October 2017 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)  , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_for_the_Study_of_War) (Institute for the Study of War) Institute for the Study of War , Executive Summary + Full report, May 2013  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.nytimes.com/reuters/2018/05/09/world/middleeast/09reuters-mideast-crisis-golan.html) "Iranian Forces in Syria Shell Israeli Army Bases on Golan-Israel" . 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(https://web.archive.org/web/20180829083751/http://www.foxnews.com/world/2018/05/09/iran-forces-launch-missiles-at-israel-from-syria-idf-says.html) Archived from the original on 29 August 2018. Retrieved 21 May 2018 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Israel+targets+Iranian+forces+in+Syria+after+rocket+attack+on+Golan+Heights&rft.pub=Fox+News&rft.date=2018-05-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fworld%2Fisrael-targets-iranian-forces-in-syria-after-rocket-attack-on-golan-heights%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20180520165112/https://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/syria/israel-launches-extensive-syria-strike-after-iranian-rocket-barrage-1.6073938) "Israel Launches Most Extensive Strike in Syria in Decades After Iranian Rocket Barrage" . Haaretz . 11 May 2018. Archived from (https://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/syria/israel-launches-extensive-syria-strike-after-iranian-rocket-barrage-1.6073938) the original on 20 May 2018. Retrieved 21 May 2018 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Israel+Launches+Most+Extensive+Strike+in+Syria+in+Decades+After+Iranian+Rocket+Barrage&rft.date=2018-05-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fmiddle-east-news%2Fsyria%2Fisrael-launches-extensive-syria-strike-after-iranian-rocket-barrage-1.6073938&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/20/world/middleeast/israel-attack-syria-iran.html) "Israel Confirms Another Attack on Iranian Targets in Syria" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Times) (New York Times) New York Times  . 20 January 2018. (https://web.archive.org/web/20190122071034/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/20/world/middleeast/israel-attack-syria-iran.html) Archived from the original on 22 January 2019. Retrieved 21 January 2019 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Israel+Confirms+Another+Attack+on+Iranian+Targets+in+Syria&rft.date=2018-01-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F01%2F20%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fisrael-attack-syria-iran.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://ir.voanews.com/a/iran-israel-africa-quds-mossad/6304610.html) کشف شبکه سپاه قدس در آفریقا و خنثی شدن عملیات ضد اسرائیلی آنها؛ گزارش شهلا آراسته  (in Persian), 8 November 2021, (https://web.archive.org/web/20211109064526/https://ir.voanews.com/a/iran-israel-africa-quds-mossad/6304610.html) archived from the original on 9 November 2021, retrieved 9 November 2021  (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%DA%A9%D8%B4%D9%81+%D8%B4%D8%A8%DA%A9%D9%87+%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%87+%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3+%D8%AF%D8%B1+%D8%A2%D9%81%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%82%D8%A7+%D9%88+%D8%AE%D9%86%D8%AB%DB%8C+%D8%B4%D8%AF%D9%86+%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%B6%D8%AF+%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C+%D8%A2%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%9B+%DA%AF%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B4+%D8%B4%D9%87%D9%84%D8%A7+%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%87&rft.date=2021-11-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fir.voanews.com%2Fa%2Firan-israel-africa-quds-mossad%2F6304610.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)  (./Category:CS1_Persian-language_sources_(fa))    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://www.dw.com/en/raids-across-germany-target-suspected-iranian-spies/a-42165145) "Raids across Germany target suspected Iranian spies" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Welle) (Deutsche Welle) Deutsche Welle . 16 January 2018. (https://web.archive.org/web/20180116182531/http://www.dw.com/en/raids-across-germany-target-suspected-iranian-spies/a-42165145) Archived from the original on 16 January 2018. Retrieved 16 January 2018 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Raids+across+Germany+target+suspected+Iranian+spies&rft.date=2018-01-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fraids-across-germany-target-suspected-iranian-spies%2Fa-42165145&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  التطرف, المركز العربي لدراسات (17 June 2025). (http://thearabcenter.org/%D8%AF%D8%B9%D9%85-%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D9%8A-%D9%8A%D8%AC%D8%A8-%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%9F/) "دعم إيران للحوثيين: ما الذي يجب معرفته؟" . المركز العربي لدراسات التطرف (in Arabic). Retrieved 17 December 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B2+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A+%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%81&rft.atitle=%D8%AF%D8%B9%D9%85+%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86+%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%86%3A+%D9%85%D8%A7+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B0%D9%8A+%D9%8A%D8%AC%D8%A8+%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%9F&rft.date=2025-06-17&rft.aulast=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%81&rft.aufirst=%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%B2+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A+%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthearabcenter.org%2F%25D8%25AF%25D8%25B9%25D9%2585-%25D8%25A5%25D9%258A%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586-%25D9%2584%25D9%2584%25D8%25AD%25D9%2588%25D8%25AB%25D9%258A%25D9%258A%25D9%2586-%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25B0%25D9%258A-%25D9%258A%25D8%25AC%25D8%25A8-%25D9%2585%25D8%25B9%25D8%25B1%25D9%2581%25D8%25AA%25D9%2587%25D8%259F%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)  (./Category:CS1_Arabic-language_sources_(ar))    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/ar/policy-analysis/antshar-alhrs-althwry-alaslamy-alayrany-fy-alymn) "انتشار "الحرس الثوري الإسلامي الإيراني" في اليمن" . The Washington Institute (in Arabic). Retrieved 17 December 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Institute&rft.atitle=%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1+%22%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%B3+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%22+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtoninstitute.org%2Far%2Fpolicy-analysis%2Fantshar-alhrs-althwry-alaslamy-alayrany-fy-alymn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)  (./Category:CS1_Arabic-language_sources_(ar))    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  نيوز, يمن ديلي (19 March 2025). (https://ydn.news/?p=76935) "4 تحالفات و30 دولة.. كيف فتح الحوثيون الباب لانتهاك سيادة اليمن؟ (تقرير)" . يمن ديلي نيوز Yemen Daily News (in Arabic). Retrieved 17 December 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A+%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B2+Yemen+Daily+News&rft.atitle=4+%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D9%8830+%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9..+%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%81+%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%AD+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8+%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%83+%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86%D8%9F+%28%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B1%29&rft.date=2025-03-19&rft.aulast=%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B2&rft.aufirst=%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fydn.news%2F%3Fp%3D76935&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)  (./Category:CS1_Arabic-language_sources_(ar))    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Alfoneh, Ali (January 2011). (https://www.aei.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/suleimani.pdf) "Brigadier General Qassem Suleimani: A Biography" (PDF) . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Israel+designates+the+Quds+Force+as+a+terrorist+group.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.justice.gov.il%2FEn%2FUnits%2FFBPS%2FDNFBPDuties%2FPages%2FList-of-Terrorist-Organizations-and-Individuals.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)    ↑   (https://www.euronews.com/2018/10/23/saudi-bahrain-add-irans-irgc-to-terror-lists-spa) Saudi, Bahrain add Iran's IRGC to terror lists - SPA (https://web.archive.org/web/20190510040315/https://www.euronews.com/2018/10/23/saudi-bahrain-add-irans-irgc-to-terror-lists-spa) Archived 10 May 2019 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)  euronews.com  ↑   (https://www.npr.org/2019/04/08/710987393/u-s-labels-irans-revolutionary-guard-as-a-foreign-terrorist-organization) U.S. Labels Iran's Revolutionary Guard As A Foreign Terrorist Organization (https://web.archive.org/web/20190610123914/https://www.npr.org/2019/04/08/710987393/u-s-labels-irans-revolutionary-guard-as-a-foreign-terrorist-organization) Archived 10 June 2019 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)  npr.org  ↑   (https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/08/world/middleeast/trump-iran-revolutionary-guard-corps.html) Trump Designates Iran's Revolutionary Guards a Foreign Terrorist Group (https://web.archive.org/web/20190408170930/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/04/08/world/middleeast/trump-iran-revolutionary-guard-corps.html) Archived 8 April 2019 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)  nytimes.com  ↑   (https://time.com/5566817/iran-terrorist-designation-irgc-trump/) Why Trump's Latest Move Against Iran Was Pointless—and Dangerous (https://web.archive.org/web/20201025090854/https://time.com/5566817/iran-terrorist-designation-irgc-trump/) Archived 25 October 2020 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)  time.com  ↑   (https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/mattis-iran-is-the-biggest-threat-to-mideast-peace) Mattis: Iran is the biggest threat to Mideast peace (https://web.archive.org/web/20190527152527/https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/mattis-iran-is-the-biggest-threat-to-mideast-peace) Archived 27 May 2019 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)  washingtonexaminer.com  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-asks-uk-to-designate-irans-revolutionary-guards-a-terror-organization/) "Israel asks UK to designate Iran's Revolutionary Guards a terror organization" . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sri+Lanka+Guardian&rft.atitle=Argentina+Labels+Iran%27s+Quds+Force+a+Terrorist+Organization+in+Sharp+Diplomatic+Move&rft.date=2026-01-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fslguardian.org%2Fargentina-labels-irans-quds-force-a-terrorist-organization-in-sharp-diplomatic-move%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)    ↑   Ustiashvili 2023 , p. 4936.  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/sm995) "Treasury Designates IRGC-Qods Force Front Company and Owner" . U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY. 1 May 2020. (https://web.archive.org/web/20200502025041/https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/sm995) Archived from the original on 2 May 2020. Retrieved 27 July 2023 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Special+Report%3A+The+fighters+of+Iraq+who+answer+to+Iran&rft.date=2014-11-12&rft.aulast=Dehghanpisheh&rft.aufirst=Babak&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-mideast-crisis-militias-specialreport-idUSKCN0IW0ZA20141112&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.alarabiya.net/iran/2023/12/25/%D9%85%D9%82%D8%AA%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D8%B1%D8%B6%D9%8A-%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%8A-%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7) "Who is Radi Mousavi, who was close to Soleimani and Nasrallah, who was killed by Israel in Syria?" (in Arabic). Al Arabiya. 25 December 2023. 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Who+is+Radi+Mousavi%2C+who+was+close+to+Soleimani+and+Nasrallah%2C+who+was+killed+by+Israel+in+Syria%3F&rft.date=2023-12-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alarabiya.net%2Firan%2F2023%2F12%2F25%2F%25D9%2585%25D9%2582%25D8%25AA%25D9%2584-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2582%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AF%25D9%258A-%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AD%25D8%25B1%25D8%25B3-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AB%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A-%25D8%25B1%25D8%25B6%25D9%258A-%25D9%2585%25D9%2588%25D8%25B3%25D9%2588%25D9%258A-%25D8%25AE%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584-%25D8%25BA%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B3%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A6%25D9%258A%25D9%2584%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25B9%25D9%2584%25D9%2589-%25D8%25B3%25D9%2588%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)  (./Category:CS1_Arabic-language_sources_(ar))    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.iranintl.com/202312256571) "Razi Mousavi, one of the IRGC forces in Syria and close to Qassem Soleimani, was killed in an Israeli attack" (in Persian). Iran International. 25 December 2023. Retrieved 25 December 2023 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Razi+Mousavi%2C+one+of+the+IRGC+forces+in+Syria+and+close+to+Qassem+Soleimani%2C+was+killed+in+an+Israeli+attack&rft.date=2023-12-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iranintl.com%2F202312256571&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)  (./Category:CS1_Persian-language_sources_(fa))    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/12/25/israeli-air-strike-in-syria-kills-top-iranian-general) "Israeli air strike in Syria kills top Iranian military adviser" . Al Jazeera. 25 December 2023. Retrieved 25 December 2023 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Israeli+air+strike+in+Syria+kills+top+Iranian+military+adviser&rft.date=2023-12-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F12%2F25%2Fisraeli-air-strike-in-syria-kills-top-iranian-general&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://markcurtis.info/2016/10/11/a-covert-war-in-bosnia/) "A Covert War in Bosnia" . 11 October 2016. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Covert+War+in+Bosnia&rft.date=2016-10-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmarkcurtis.info%2F2016%2F10%2F11%2Fa-covert-war-in-bosnia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)    1  2   O'Hern 2012 , p. 82.  ↑   Shay 2017 , p. 94.  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://sarajevotimes.com/assertion-iranian-general-qassem-soleimani-was-in-bosnia-herzegovina-during-the-war/) "Assertion: Iranian general Qassem Soleimani was in Bosnia-Herzegovina during the War" . 8 January 2020. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Assertion%3A+Iranian+general+Qassem+Soleimani+was+in+Bosnia-Herzegovina+during+the+War&rft.date=2020-01-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsarajevotimes.com%2Fassertion-iranian-general-qassem-soleimani-was-in-bosnia-herzegovina-during-the-war%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.jpost.com/iranian-threat/news/iranian-minister-wanted-over-amia-attack) "Iranian minister wanted over AMIA attack" . 22 August 2009. 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Qassem+Soleimani+and+Iran%27s+Unique+Regional+Strategy&rft.date=2018-11-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fctc.westpoint.edu%2Fqassem-soleimani-irans-unique-regional-strategy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://www.spongobongo.com/her9940.htm) "Iranian Special Forces Reportedly Fight Alongside US in Battle for Herat" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_Broadcast_Information_Service) (Foreign Broadcast Information Service) Foreign Broadcast Information Service  . 16 November 2001. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Broadcast+Information+Service&rft.atitle=Iranian+Special+Forces+Reportedly+Fight+Alongside+US+in+Battle+for+Herat&rft.date=2001-11-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spongobongo.com%2Fher9940.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Anderson, Tim [@timand2037] (9 January 2021). (https://twitter.com/timand2037/status/1347826566588297218) "Anis al Naqqash: how Iran's #Soleimani and Lebanon's #Mugniyeh helped #Palestine - From al Mayadeen and MEMRI TV, 31 December 2021" ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)) (Tweet (social media)) Tweet ) – via (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter) (Twitter) Twitter . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Anis+al+Naqqash%3A+how+Iran%27s+%23Soleimani+and+Lebanon%27s+%23Mugniyeh+helped+%23Palestine+-+From+al+Mayadeen+and+MEMRI+TV%2C+31+December+2021&rft.date=2021-01-09&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2Ftimand2037%2Fstatus%2F1347826566588297218&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  @AryJeay (5 January 2022). (https://twitter.com/AryJeay/status/1478535445277458435) "Abdul Hadi, a Hamas leader & Hamas rep in Lebanon, said the idea of digging a tunnel in Gaza, which is more than 360km long, was raised by 2 people. Martyr Emad Mughniyeh & Haj Qassem Soleimani, who traveled to Gaza many times and participated in the creation of defense lines" ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tweet_(social_media)) (Tweet (social media)) Tweet ) – via (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter) (Twitter) Twitter . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Abdul+Hadi%2C+a+Hamas+leader+%26+Hamas+rep+in+Lebanon%2C+said+the+idea+of+digging+a+tunnel+in+Gaza%2C+which+is+more+than+360km+long%2C+was+raised+by+2+people.+Martyr+Emad+Mughniyeh+%26+Haj+Qassem+Soleimani%2C+who+traveled+to+Gaza+many+times+and+participated+in+the+creation+of+defense+lines.&rft.date=2022-01-05&rft.au=AryJeay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2FAryJeay%2Fstatus%2F1478535445277458435&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Horton, Alex (3 January 2020). (https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2020/01/03/soleimanis-legacy-gruesome-high-tech-ieds-that-haunted-us-troops-iraq/) "Soleimani's legacy: The gruesome, advanced IEDs that haunted U.S. troops in Iraq" . Washington Post . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) (ISSN (identifier)) ISSN  (https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286) 0190-8286 . Retrieved 1 February 2024 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Soleimani%27s+legacy%3A+The+gruesome%2C+advanced+IEDs+that+haunted+U.S.+troops+in+Iraq&rft.date=2020-01-03&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft.aulast=Horton&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnational-security%2F2020%2F01%2F03%2Fsoleimanis-legacy-gruesome-high-tech-ieds-that-haunted-us-troops-iraq%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.defenseone.com/threats/2015/09/how-many-us-troops-were-killed-iranian-ieds-iraq/120524/) "How Many US Troops Were Killed By Iranian IEDs in Iraq?" . Defense One . 8 September 2015. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Defense+One&rft.atitle=How+Many+US+Troops+Were+Killed+By+Iranian+IEDs+in+Iraq%3F&rft.date=2015-09-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.defenseone.com%2Fthreats%2F2015%2F09%2Fhow-many-us-troops-were-killed-iranian-ieds-iraq%2F120524%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://jcpa.org/killing-americans-allies-irans-war/) "Killing Americans and their Allies: Iran's Continuing War against the U.S. and the West" . Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jerusalem+Center+for+Public+Affairs&rft.atitle=Killing+Americans+and+their+Allies%3A+Iran%27s+Continuing+War+against+the+U.S.+and+the+West&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjcpa.org%2Fkilling-americans-allies-irans-war%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://english.aawsat.com/node/1929396) "Soleimani Reveals Details of Role He Played in the 2006 Israel-Hezbollah War" . english.aawsat.com . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=english.aawsat.com&rft.atitle=Soleimani+Reveals+Details+of+Role+He+Played+in+the+2006+Israel-Hezbollah+War&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.aawsat.com%2Fnode%2F1929396&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Steven R. Hurst; Qassim Abdul-Zahra (26 January 2007). (https://web.archive.org/web/20070128134000/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=2827366) "4 Troops Abducted, Killed in Iraq Attack" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)) (ABC News (United States)) ABC News . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated_Press) (Associated Press) AP . Archived from (https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=2827366) the original on 28 January 2007. Retrieved 27 January 2007 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=4+Troops+Abducted%2C+Killed+in+Iraq+Attack&rft.date=2007-01-26&rft.au=Steven+R.+Hurst&rft.au=Qassim+Abdul-Zahra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FInternational%2FwireStory%3Fid%3D2827366&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (Free registration required) (https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2007/01/21/20-us-troops-killed-in-iraq-span-classbankheadday-is-3rd-worst-since-war-beganspan/42aca7b8-a0dd-4581-9c70-30d65e47531c/) "20 U.S. Troops Killed in Iraq"  . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Post) (Washington Post) Washington Post  . 21 January 2007. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=20+U.S.+Troops+Killed+in+Iraq&rft.date=2007-01-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fpolitics%2F2007%2F01%2F21%2F20-us-troops-killed-in-iraq-span-classbankheadday-is-3rd-worst-since-war-beganspan%2F42aca7b8-a0dd-4581-9c70-30d65e47531c%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20111027020445/https://edition.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/meast/01/22/iraq.karbala/index.html) "Karbala attackers posed as U.S. military officials" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNN) (CNN) CNN  . 23 January 2007. Archived from (http://edition.cnn.com/2007/WORLD/meast/01/22/iraq.karbala/index.html) the original on 27 October 2011. Retrieved 6 December 2024 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Karbala+attackers+posed+as+U.S.+military+officials&rft.date=2007-01-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2007%2FWORLD%2Fmeast%2F01%2F22%2Firaq.karbala%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.denverpost.com/2007/01/20/u-s-helicopter-crash-kills-13/) "U.S. Helicopter crash kills 13" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denver_Post) (Denver Post) Denver Post  . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated_Press) (Associated Press) Associated Press . 20 January 2007. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Denver+Post&rft.atitle=U.S.+Helicopter+crash+kills+13&rft.date=2007-01-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.denverpost.com%2F2007%2F01%2F20%2Fu-s-helicopter-crash-kills-13%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Szrom, Charlie (18 February 2009). (https://www.criticalthreats.org/analysis/iran-hamas-relationship-in-2008) "Iran-Hamas Relationship in 2008" . Analysis. Critical Threats . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Critical+Threats&rft.atitle=Iran-Hamas+Relationship+in+2008&rft.date=2009-02-18&rft.aulast=Szrom&rft.aufirst=Charlie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.criticalthreats.org%2Fanalysis%2Firan-hamas-relationship-in-2008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Siegel, Jacob (5 June 2015). (http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/06/05/the-myth-of-iran-s-military-mastermind.html) "The Myth of Iran's Military Mastermind" . The Daily Beast . (https://web.archive.org/web/20150606034609/http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2015/06/05/the-myth-of-iran-s-military-mastermind.html) Archived from the original on 6 June 2015. Retrieved 5 June 2015 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Beast&rft.atitle=The+Myth+of+Iran%27s+Military+Mastermind&rft.date=2015-06-05&rft.aulast=Siegel&rft.aufirst=Jacob&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailybeast.com%2Farticles%2F2015%2F06%2F05%2Fthe-myth-of-iran-s-military-mastermind.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2017/04/qassem-soleimani-reportedly-spotted-in-syrias-hama-province.php) "Qassem Soleimani reportedly spotted in Syria's Hama province | FDD's Long War Journal" . 2 April 2017. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Qassem+Soleimani+reportedly+spotted+in+Syria%27s+Hama+province+%26%23124%3B+FDD%27s+Long+War+Journal&rft.date=2017-04-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.longwarjournal.org%2Farchives%2F2017%2F04%2Fqassem-soleimani-reportedly-spotted-in-syrias-hama-province.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2017/06/qassem-soleimani-spotted-in-syria-near-the-iraqi-border.php) "Qassem Soleimani allegedly spotted in Syria near the Iraqi border | FDD's Long War Journal" . 14 June 2017. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Qassem+Soleimani+allegedly+spotted+in+Syria+near+the+Iraqi+border+%26%23124%3B+FDD%27s+Long+War+Journal&rft.date=2017-06-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.longwarjournal.org%2Farchives%2F2017%2F06%2Fqassem-soleimani-spotted-in-syria-near-the-iraqi-border.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://thinktankmonitor.org/analysis-03-06-2015/) "Analysis 03-06-2015" . Center for American and Arab Studies . 7 March 2015. Retrieved 17 March 2015 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Center+for+American+and+Arab+Studies&rft.atitle=Analysis+03-06-2015&rft.date=2015-03-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthinktankmonitor.org%2Fanalysis-03-06-2015%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/who-was-qasem-soleimani-top-iranian-general-once-considered-second-most-powerful-in-iran-after-khamenei-101704289872988.html) "Who was Qasem Soleimani, top Iranian general once considered second most powerful in Iran after Khamenei?" . Hindustan Times . 3 January 2024. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hindustan+Times&rft.atitle=Who+was+Qasem+Soleimani%2C+top+Iranian+general+once+considered+second+most+powerful+in+Iran+after+Khamenei%3F&rft.date=2024-01-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2Fworld-news%2Fwho-was-qasem-soleimani-top-iranian-general-once-considered-second-most-powerful-in-iran-after-khamenei-101704289872988.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.newsweek.com/iranian-military-mastermind-leading-battle-recapture-tikrit-isis-311516) "Iranian Military Mastermind Leading Battle to Recapture Tikrit from ISIS" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newsweek) (Newsweek) Newsweek  . 5 March 2015. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Newsweek&rft.atitle=Iranian+Military+Mastermind+Leading+Battle+to+Recapture+Tikrit+from+ISIS&rft.date=2015-03-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsweek.com%2Firanian-military-mastermind-leading-battle-recapture-tikrit-isis-311516&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20160917192757/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/iranian-syrian-commanders-meet-discuss-upcoming-aleppo-offensive/) "Iranian, Syrian commanders meet to discuss upcoming Aleppo offensive" . Archived from (https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/iranian-syrian-commanders-meet-discuss-upcoming-aleppo-offensive/) the original on 17 September 2016. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iranian%2C+Syrian+commanders+meet+to+discuss+upcoming+Aleppo+offensive&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Firanian-syrian-commanders-meet-discuss-upcoming-aleppo-offensive%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2016/09/soleimanis-presence-in-aleppo-underscores-strategy-of-crushing-rebels.php) "Soleimani's presence in Aleppo underscores strategy of crushing rebels | FDD's Long War Journal" . 7 September 2016. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Soleimani%27s+presence+in+Aleppo+underscores+strategy+of+crushing+rebels+%26%23124%3B+FDD%27s+Long+War+Journal&rft.date=2016-09-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.longwarjournal.org%2Farchives%2F2016%2F09%2Fsoleimanis-presence-in-aleppo-underscores-strategy-of-crushing-rebels.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Dier, Arden (27 November 2015). (https://www.newser.com/story/216707/report-iran-general-saved-russian-pilot.html) "Russian Pilot's Rescue Was Basically "Behind Enemy Lines" Brought to Life" . Newser . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Newser&rft.atitle=Russian+Pilot%27s+Rescue+Was+Basically+%22Behind+Enemy+Lines%22+Brought+to+Life&rft.date=2015-11-27&rft.aulast=Dier&rft.aufirst=Arden&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newser.com%2Fstory%2F216707%2Freport-iran-general-saved-russian-pilot.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20190401194004/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/general-suleimani-oversees-the-large-scale-offensive-in-southern-aleppo/) "General Suleimani Oversees the Large-Scale Offensive in Southern Aleppo" . Archived from (https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/general-suleimani-oversees-the-large-scale-offensive-in-southern-aleppo/) the original on 1 April 2019. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=General+Suleimani+Oversees+the+Large-Scale+Offensive+in+Southern+Aleppo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fgeneral-suleimani-oversees-the-large-scale-offensive-in-southern-aleppo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20230313115909/https://www.farsnews.ir/en/news/13950304001274/Iran39-s-Gen-Sleimani-in-Falljah-Operains-Rm) "Fars | فارس" . Archived from (https://www.farsnews.ir/en/news/13950304001274/Iran39-s-Gen-Sleimani-in-Falljah-Operains-Rm) the original on 13 March 2023. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fars+%26%23124%3B+%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.farsnews.ir%2Fen%2Fnews%2F13950304001274%2FIran39-s-Gen-Sleimani-in-Falljah-Operains-Rm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20171110011922/https://mobile.almasdarnews.com/article/leaked-pictures-iranian-major-general-arrives-southern-deir-ezzor-help-defeat-isis/) "Leaked pictures: Iranian Major General arrives in southern Deir Ezzor to help defeat ISIS" . AMN - Al-Masdar News | المصدر نيوز . 5 November 2017. Archived from (https://mobile.almasdarnews.com/article/leaked-pictures-iranian-major-general-arrives-southern-deir-ezzor-help-defeat-isis/) the original on 10 November 2017. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AMN+-+Al-Masdar+News+%26%23124%3B+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%AF%D8%B1+%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88%D8%B2&rft.atitle=Leaked+pictures%3A+Iranian+Major+General+arrives+in+southern+Deir+Ezzor+to+help+defeat+ISIS&rft.date=2017-11-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmobile.almasdarnews.com%2Farticle%2Fleaked-pictures-iranian-major-general-arrives-southern-deir-ezzor-help-defeat-isis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://abaadstudies.org/en/policy-analysis/topic/59831) "Iran's influence in Yemen after Soleimani .. The Houthis between containment and retaliation for the general" . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Iran%27s+influence+in+Yemen+after+Soleimani+..+The+Houthis+between+containment+and+retaliation+for+the+general&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabaadstudies.org%2Fen%2Fpolicy-analysis%2Ftopic%2F59831&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.alphanews.live/cyprus/stin-skia-tromokratikis-apeilis-kai-pali-i-kypros-binteo) "Στην «σκιά» τρομοκρατικής απειλής και πάλι η Κύπρος (ΒΙΝΤΕΟ)" . AlphaNews (in Greek). 11 December 2023. Retrieved 8 June 2024 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AlphaNews&rft.atitle=%CE%A3%CF%84%CE%B7%CE%BD+%C2%AB%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%B9%CE%AC%C2%BB+%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE%CF%82+%CE%B1%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%AE%CF%82+%CE%BA%CE%B1%CE%B9+%CF%80%CE%AC%CE%BB%CE%B9+%CE%B7+%CE%9A%CF%8D%CF%80%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82+%28%CE%92%CE%99%CE%9D%CE%A4%CE%95%CE%9F%29&rft.date=2023-12-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alphanews.live%2Fcyprus%2Fstin-skia-tromokratikis-apeilis-kai-pali-i-kypros-binteo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)  (./Category:CS1_Greek-language_sources_(el))    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Bowen, Jeremy; Gritten, David (1 April 2024). (https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-68708923) "Iran accuses Israel of killing generals in Syria strike" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_News) (BBC News) BBC News  . Retrieved 6 April 2026 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Iran+accuses+Israel+of+killing+generals+in+Syria+strike&rft.date=2024-04-01&rft.aulast=Bowen&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft.au=Gritten%2C+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-68708923&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)      Sources  Books   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Cordesman) (Anthony Cordesman) Cordesman, Anthony H. ; Kleiber, Martin (2007). Iran's military forces and warfighting capabilities : the threat in the Northern Gulf . Washington, D.C.: Praeger Security International. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-34612-5) (Special:BookSources/978-0-313-34612-5) 978-0-313-34612-5  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Iran%27s+military+forces+and+warfighting+capabilities+%3A+the+threat+in+the+Northern+Gulf&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pub=Praeger+Security+International&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-313-34612-5&rft.aulast=Cordesman&rft.aufirst=Anthony+H.&rft.au=Kleiber%2C+Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Dionisi, David J. (2006). (https://books.google.com/books?id=C2HsgKJ9CD4C) American Hiroshima: The Reasons Why and a Call to Strengthen America's Democracy  . Sanzini Publishing. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4120-4421-9) (Special:BookSources/1-4120-4421-9) 1-4120-4421-9  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Hiroshima%3A+The+Reasons+Why+and+a+Call+to+Strengthen+America%27s+Democracy&rft.pub=Sanzini+Publishing&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=1-4120-4421-9&rft.aulast=Dionisi&rft.aufirst=David+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DC2HsgKJ9CD4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  O'Hern, Steven (2012). (https://books.google.com/books?id=F9cJ1q-uFrcC&pg=PA82) Iran's Revolutionary Guard: The Threat That Grows While America Sleeps  . Potomac Books, Inc. pp. 82–. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59797-701-2) (Special:BookSources/978-1-59797-701-2) 978-1-59797-701-2  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Iran%27s+Revolutionary+Guard%3A+The+Threat+That+Grows+While+America+Sleeps&rft.pages=82-&rft.pub=Potomac+Books%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-59797-701-2&rft.aulast=O%27Hern&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DF9cJ1q-uFrcC%26pg%3DPA82&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Shay, Shaul (2017). (https://books.google.com/books?id=myEuDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT94) Islamic Terror and the Balkans  . Taylor & Francis. pp. 94–. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-351-51138-4) (Special:BookSources/978-1-351-51138-4) 978-1-351-51138-4  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islamic+Terror+and+the+Balkans&rft.pages=94-&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-351-51138-4&rft.aulast=Shay&rft.aufirst=Shaul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmyEuDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT94&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)      Journal articles  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1365158831)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Ustiashvili, Samin (2023). (https://www.researchgate.net/publication/369147615) "The Quds Force and Its Involvement in the Conflicts of West Asia" . International Journal of Science Academic Research . 4 (1): 4930– 4938. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Science+Academic+Research&rft.atitle=The+Quds+Force+and+Its+Involvement+in+the+Conflicts+of+West+Asia&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=4930-4938&rft.date=2023&rft.aulast=Ustiashvili&rft.aufirst=Samin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F369147615&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Wigginton, Michael; Burton, Robert; Jensen, Carl; McElreath, David; Mallory, Stephen; Doss, Daniel A. (2015). (Paid subscription required) (https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/18335330.2015.1090053) "Al-Qods Force: Iran's weapon of choice to export terrorism"  . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal_of_Policing,_Intelligence_and_Counter_Terrorism) (Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism) Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism  . 10 (2): 153– 165. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) (Doi (identifier)) doi :(https://doi.org/10.1080%2F18335330.2015.1090053) 10.1080/18335330.2015.1090053 . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) (S2CID (identifier)) S2CID  (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:155016409) 155016409 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Policing%2C+Intelligence+and+Counter+Terrorism&rft.atitle=Al-Qods+Force%3A+Iran%27s+weapon+of+choice+to+export+terrorism&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=153-165&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F18335330.2015.1090053&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A155016409%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Wigginton&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Burton%2C+Robert&rft.au=Jensen%2C+Carl&rft.au=McElreath%2C+David&rft.au=Mallory%2C+Stephen&rft.au=Doss%2C+Daniel+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1080%2F18335330.2015.1090053&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AQuds+Force)       (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library) (Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library) Library resources about  Quds Force   (https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Quds+Force) Resources in your library  (https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Quds+Force&library=0CHOOSE0) Resources in other libraries      (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)    (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps) (Template:Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps) (View this template) v   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps) (Template talk:Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps) (Discuss this template) t   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps) (Special:EditPage/Template:Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps) (Edit this template) e     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps) (Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps) Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps_Joint_Staff) (Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Joint Staff) Joint Staff (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Provost_of_the_Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps) (General Provost of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps) General Provost    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Revolutionary_Guards) (Ministry of Revolutionary Guards) Ministry  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rank_Insignia_of_the_Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps) (Rank Insignia of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps) Rank Insignia  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pasdar_(IRGC)) (Pasdar (IRGC)) Pasdar      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_commanders_of_the_Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps) (List of commanders of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps) Commanders  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbas_Aghazamani) (Abbas Aghazamani) Abbas Aghazamani  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morteza_Rezaee) (Morteza Rezaee) Morteza Rezaee  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohsen_Rezaee) (Mohsen Rezaee) Mohsen Rezaee  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahya_Rahim_Safavi) (Yahya Rahim Safavi) Yahya Rahim Safavi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Ali_Jafari) (Mohammad Ali Jafari) Mohammad Ali Jafari  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hossein_Salami) (Hossein Salami) Hossein Salami  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Pakpour) (Mohammad Pakpour) Mohammad Pakpour  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Vahidi) (Ahmad Vahidi) Ahmad Vahidi     (Seal of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps)       Forces (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps_Ground_Forces) (Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Ground Forces) Ground Forces  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps_Navy) (Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Navy) Navy  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps_Aerospace_Force) (Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Aerospace Force) Aerospace Force  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quds_Force) Quds Force  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basij) (Basij) Basij  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_Protection_and_Security_Corps) (Nuclear Protection and Security Corps) Nuclear Protection and Security      Military branches  Former divisions (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8th_Najaf_Ashraf_Division) (8th Najaf Ashraf Division) 8th Najaf Ashraf  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/14th_Imam_Hossein_Division) (14th Imam Hossein Division) 14th Imam Hossein  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/17th_Ali_ibn_Abi_Taleb_Division) (17th Ali ibn Abi Taleb Division) 17th Ali ibn Abi Taleb  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/25th_Karbala_Division) (25th Karbala Division) 25th Karbala  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/27th_Mohammad_Rasulullah_Division) (27th Mohammad Rasulullah Division) 27th Mohammad Rasulullah  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/31st_Ashura_Division) (31st Ashura Division) 31st Ashura  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/33rd_Al-Mahdi_Division) (33rd Al-Mahdi Division) 33rd Al-Mahdi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/41st_Tharallah_Division) (41st Tharallah Division) 41st Tharallah      Provincial corps (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alborz_Corps?action=edit&redlink=1) (Alborz Corps (page does not exist)) Alborz Corps  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ardabil_Hazrat_Abbas_Provincial_Corps?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ardabil Hazrat Abbas Provincial Corps (page does not exist)) Ardabil Hazrat Abbas   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/31st_Ashura_Division) (31st Ashura Division) East Azerbaijan Ashura   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Azerbaijan_Shohada_Provincial_Corps?action=edit&redlink=1) (West Azerbaijan Shohada Provincial Corps (page does not exist)) West Azerbaijan Shohada   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bushehr_Imam_Sadiq_Provincial_Corps?action=edit&redlink=1) (Bushehr Imam Sadiq Provincial Corps (page does not exist)) Bushehr Imam Sadiq   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaharmahal_and_Bakhtiari_Qamar_Bani_Hashim_Provincial_Corps?action=edit&redlink=1) (Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Qamar Bani Hashim Provincial Corps (page does not exist)) Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Qamar Bani Hashim   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/33rd_Al-Mahdi_Division) (33rd Al-Mahdi Division) Fars Fajr   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16th_Quds_Division?action=edit&redlink=1) (16th Quds Division (page does not exist)) Gilan Quds   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golestan_Neynava_Provincial_Corps?action=edit&redlink=1) (Golestan Neynava Provincial Corps (page does not exist)) Golestan Neynava   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamedan_Ansar_al-Hussain_Provincial_Corps?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hamedan Ansar al-Hussain Provincial Corps (page does not exist)) Hamedan Ansar al-Hussain   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hormozgan_Imam_Sajjad_Provincial_Corps?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hormozgan Imam Sajjad Provincial Corps (page does not exist)) Hormozgan Imam Sajjad   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilam_Amir_al-Muminin_Provincial_Corps?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ilam Amir al-Muminin Provincial Corps (page does not exist)) Ilam Amir al-Muminin   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isfahan_Sahib-az-Zaman_Provincial_Corps?action=edit&redlink=1) (Isfahan Sahib-az-Zaman Provincial Corps (page does not exist)) Isfahan Sahib-az-Zaman   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/41st_Tharallah_Division) (41st Tharallah Division) Kerman Sarallah   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kermanshah_Nabi_Akram_Provincial_Corps?action=edit&redlink=1) (Kermanshah Nabi Akram Provincial Corps (page does not exist)) Kermanshah Nabi Akram   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khuzestan_Valieasr_Provincial_Corps?action=edit&redlink=1) (Khuzestan Valieasr Provincial Corps (page does not exist)) Khuzestan Valieasr   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohgiluyeh_and_Boyer-Ahmad_Fath_Provincial_Corps?action=edit&redlink=1) (Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Fath Provincial Corps (page does not exist)) Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Fath   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdistan_Beit_ol-Moqaddas_Provincial_Corps?action=edit&redlink=1) (Kurdistan Beit ol-Moqaddas Provincial Corps (page does not exist)) Kurdistan Beit ol-Moqaddas   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Khorasan_Ansar_al-Ridha_Provincial_Corps?action=edit&redlink=1) (South Khorasan Ansar al-Ridha Provincial Corps (page does not exist)) South Khorasan Ansar al-Ridha   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Razavi_Khorasan_Imam_Reza_Provincial_Corps?action=edit&redlink=1) (Razavi Khorasan Imam Reza Provincial Corps (page does not exist)) Razavi Khorasan Imam Reza   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Khorasan_Jawad_al-Aemmah_Provincial_Corps?action=edit&redlink=1) (North Khorasan Jawad al-Aemmah Provincial Corps (page does not exist)) Razavi Khorasan Jawad al-Aemmah   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Losrestan_Hazrat_Abalfazl_Provincial_Corps?action=edit&redlink=1) (Losrestan Hazrat Abalfazl Provincial Corps (page does not exist)) Losrestan Hazrat Abalfazl   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/25th_Karbala_Division) (25th Karbala Division) Mazandaran Karbala   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/71th_Roohollah_Division?action=edit&redlink=1) (71th Roohollah Division (page does not exist)) Markazi Ruhollah   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/27th_Mohammad_Rasulullah_Division) (27th Mohammad Rasulullah Division) Tehran Muhammad Rasoul-Allah   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehran_Sayid_al-Shohada_Provincial_Corps?action=edit&redlink=1) (Tehran Sayid al-Shohada Provincial Corps (page does not exist)) Tehran Sayid al-Shohada   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qazvin_Sahib_al-Amr_Provincial_Corps?action=edit&redlink=1) (Qazvin Sahib al-Amr Provincial Corps (page does not exist)) Qazvin Sahib al-Amr   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/17th_Ali_ibn_Abi_Taleb_Division) (17th Ali ibn Abi Taleb Division) Qom Ali ibn Abi-Talib   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semnan_Qaim_Aale-Muhammad_Provincial_Corps?action=edit&redlink=1) (Semnan Qaim Aale-Muhammad Provincial Corps (page does not exist)) Semnan Qaim Aale-Muhammad   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistan_and_Baluchestan_Salman_Provincial_Corps?action=edit&redlink=1) (Sistan and Baluchestan Salman Provincial Corps (page does not exist)) Sistan and Baluchestan Salman   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/18th_Al-Ghadir_Division?action=edit&redlink=1) (18th Al-Ghadir Division (page does not exist)) Yazd Al-Ghadir   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zanjan_Ansar_al-Mahdi_Provincial_Corps) (Zanjan Ansar al-Mahdi Provincial Corps) Zanjan Ansar al-Mahdi            Intelligence agencies (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligence_Organization_of_the_Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps) (Intelligence Organization of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps) Intelligence and Security Organization  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligence_Protection_Organization_of_the_Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps) (Intelligence Protection Organization of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps) Intelligence Protection Organization      Academies (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imam_Hossein_University) (Imam Hossein University) Imam Hossein University  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baqiyatallah_University_of_Medical_Sciences) (Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences) Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghiyyatollah_al-Azam_Military_Hospital) (Baghiyyatollah al-Azam Military Hospital) Military Hospital    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRGC_University_of_Command_and_Staff) (IRGC University of Command and Staff) University of Command and Staff      Media (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fars_News_Agency) (Fars News Agency) Fars News Agency  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tasnim_News_Agency) (Tasnim News Agency) Tasnim News Agency  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashregh_News) (Mashregh News) Mashregh News  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owj_Arts_and_Media_Organization) (Owj Arts and Media Organization) Owj Arts and Media Organization      Economic branches (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRGC_Cooperation_Bonyad) (IRGC Cooperation Bonyad) Cooperation Bonyad  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khatam_al-Anbiya_Construction_Headquarters) (Khatam al-Anbiya Construction Headquarters) Khatam al-Anbiya (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fater_Engineering_Institute) (Fater Engineering Institute) Fater  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imensazan_Consultant_Engineers_Institute) (Imensazan Consultant Engineers Institute) Imensazan    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobin_Trust_Consortium) (Mobin Trust Consortium) Mobin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SADRA) (SADRA) SADRA      (Category) ()    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps) (Category:Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps) Category:Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps        (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1364279517)    (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231)   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Logistics      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Army) (Islamic Republic of Iran Army) Armed Forces  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Army_Ground_Forces) (Islamic Republic of Iran Army Ground Forces) Ground Forces  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Navy) (Islamic Republic of Iran Navy) Navy  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Air_Force) (Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force) Air Force  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Air_Defense_Force) (Islamic Republic of Iran Air Defense Force) Air Defense Force     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_General_Staff_of_the_Armed_Forces_of_the_Islamic_Republic_of_Iran.svg)        (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps) (Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps) Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps_Ground_Forces) (Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Ground Forces) Ground Forces  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps_Navy) (Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Navy) Navy  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps_Aerospace_Force) (Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Aerospace Force) Aerospace Force  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quds_Force) Quds Force  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basij) (Basij) Basij      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_Command_of_the_Islamic_Republic_of_Iran) (Police Command of the Islamic Republic of Iran) Police Command  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_Prevention_Police) (Iranian Prevention Police) Prevention Police  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_Security_Police) (Iranian Security Police) Security Police  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_Traffic_Police) (Iranian Traffic Police) Traffic Police  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_Cyber_Police) (Iranian Cyber Police) Cyber Police  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guidance_Patrol) (Guidance Patrol) Guidance Patrol  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_Anti-Narcotics_Police) (Iranian Anti-Narcotics Police) Anti-Narcotics Police  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_Immigration_&_Passport_Police_Office) (Iranian Immigration & Passport Police Office) Immigration & Passport Police  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_Diplomatic_Police) (Iranian Diplomatic Police) Diplomatic Police  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_Police_Criminal_Investigation_Department) (Iranian Police Criminal Investigation Department) Criminal Investigation Police  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Border_Guard_Command_(Iran)) (Border Guard Command (Iran)) Border Guard      Related topics (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballistic_missile_program_of_Iran) (Ballistic missile program of Iran) Ballistic missile program  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_underground_missile_bases) (Iranian underground missile bases) Underground missile bases  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicles_in_the_Iranian_military) (Unmanned aerial vehicles in the Iranian military) Unmanned aerial vehicles  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyberwarfare_and_Iran) (Cyberwarfare and Iran) Cyberwarfare  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flags_of_the_Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Armed_Forces) (Flags of the Islamic Republic of Iran Armed Forces) Flags  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_history_of_Iran) (Military history of Iran) Military history  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Iran) (List of wars involving Iran) Wars  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axis_of_Resistance) (Axis of Resistance) Axis of Resistance      Previous organizations (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_Guard_(Iran)) (Imperial Guard (Iran)) Imperial Guard  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irregular_Warfare_Headquarters) (Irregular Warfare Headquarters) Irregular Warfare Headquarters  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jihad_of_Construction) (Jihad of Construction) Jihad of Construction  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahrbani) (Shahrbani) Shahrbani  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_Gendarmerie) (Iranian Gendarmerie) Iranian Gendarmerie  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Revolutionary_Committees) (Islamic Revolutionary Committees) Islamic Revolutionary Committees      (Category) ()    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Military_of_Iran) (Category:Military of Iran) Category         (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1364279517)    (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Special_forces_of_Iran) (Template:Special forces of Iran) (View this template) v   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Special_forces_of_Iran) (Template talk:Special forces of Iran) (Discuss this template) t   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Special_forces_of_Iran) (Special:EditPage/Template:Special forces of Iran) (Edit this template) e     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Iran.svg)    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_forces_of_Iran) (Special forces of Iran) Special forces of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran) (Iran) Iran 's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Islamic_Republic_of_Iran) (Armed Forces of the Islamic Republic of Iran) Armed Forces    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Army.svg)    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Army) (Islamic Republic of Iran Army) Army   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ground_Forces_of_Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Army) (Ground Forces of Islamic Republic of Iran Army) Ground Force  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/23rd_Takavar_Division) (23rd Takavar Division) 23rd Division  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/58th_Takavar_Division_of_Shahroud) (58th Takavar Division of Shahroud) 58th Zolfaghar Division  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/25th_Takavar_Brigade) (25th Takavar Brigade) 25th Brigade  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/35th_Takavar_Brigade?action=edit&redlink=1) (35th Takavar Brigade (page does not exist)) 35th Brigade  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/45th_Takavar_Brigade?action=edit&redlink=1) (45th Takavar Brigade (page does not exist)) 45th Brigade  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/55th_Airborne_Brigade) (55th Airborne Brigade) 55th Airborne Brigade  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/65th_Airborne_Special_Forces_Brigade) (65th Airborne Special Forces Brigade) 65th NOHED Brigade      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Navy) (Islamic Republic of Iran Navy) Navy  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1st_Marine_Brigade_(Iran)) (1st Marine Brigade (Iran)) 1st Marine Brigade  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2nd_Marine_Brigade_(Iran)) (2nd Marine Brigade (Iran)) 2nd Marine Brigade  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3rd_Marine_Brigade_(Iran)) (3rd Marine Brigade (Iran)) 3rd Marine Brigade  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4th_Marine_Brigade_(Iran)) (4th Marine Brigade (Iran)) 4th Marine Brigade           (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:IRGC-Seal.svg)    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps) (Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps) Revolutionary Guards  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quds_Force) Quds Force  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saberin_Battalion) (Saberin Battalion) Saberin Battalion  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sepah_Navy_Special_Force) (Sepah Navy Special Force) S.N.S.F.  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/110th_Salman_Farsi_Special_Operations_Brigade) (110th Salman Farsi Special Operations Brigade) 110th Special Operations Brigade  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/66th_Airborne_Special_Forces_Brigade_(IRGC)?action=edit&redlink=1) (66th Airborne Special Forces Brigade (IRGC) (page does not exist)) 66th Airborne Special Operations Brigade         (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1364279517)    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Authority_control) (Help:Authority control) Authority control databases (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q311381#identifiers) (Edit this at Wikidata) (Edit this at Wikidata)       International (https://viaf.org/viaf/3104155466469602160001) VIAF       National (https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007407946305171) Israel          (./Category:Quds_Force#%20)  (./Category:1988_establishments_in_Iran)  (./Category:Military_units_and_formations_established_in_1988)  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