Hezbollah - Wikipedia (/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.parsoid.styles%7Cext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediaBadges.ulsV2%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cmediawiki.skinning.content.parsoid%7Cmediawiki.skins.legacy%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022) (/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022) (//upload.wikimedia.org) (/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png) (/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico) (/w/rest.php/v1/search) (Wikipedia (en)) (//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbollah) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en) (Wikipedia Atom feed) (/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom) (//meta.wikimedia.org)  (auth.wikimedia.org)   Jump to content (Main menu)  Main menu  Main menu move to sidebar hide  Navigation  (/wiki/Main_Page) (Visit the main page [z]) Main page   (/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents) (Guides to browsing Wikipedia) Contents   (/wiki/Portal:Current_events) (Articles related to current events) Current events   (/wiki/Special:Random) (Visit a randomly selected article [x]) Random article   (/wiki/Wikipedia:About) (Learn about Wikipedia and how it works) About Wikipedia   (//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us) (How to contact Wikipedia) Contact us      Contribute  (/wiki/Help:Contents) (Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia) Help   (/wiki/Help:Introduction) (Learn how to edit Wikipedia) Learn to edit   (/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal) (The hub for editors) Community portal   (/wiki/Special:RecentChanges) (A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]) Recent changes   (/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard) (Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia) Upload file   (/wiki/Special:SpecialPages) (A list of all special pages [q]) Special pages           (/wiki/Main_Page) () (Wikipedia) (The Free Encyclopedia)    (/wiki/Special:Search) (Search Wikipedia [f])  Search  (Search Wikipedia) (Search Wikipedia [f])   (Special:Search)  Search           (Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color)  Appearance         (https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en) Donate   (/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Hezbollah) (You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory) Create account   (/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Hezbollah) (You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. 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[o])  Log in                  Contents move to sidebar hide  (Top)   1 History    Toggle History subsection  1.1 1980s     1.2 After 1990     1.3 Islamic Jihad Organisation (IJO)     1.4 Axis of Resistance     1.5 Disarmament     1.6 2026       2 Ideology    Toggle Ideology subsection  2.1 1985 manifesto     2.2 2009 manifesto     2.3 Attitudes, statements, and actions concerning Israel and Zionism     2.4 Attitudes and actions concerning Jews and Judaism       3 Organisation    Toggle Organisation subsection  3.1 Funding       4 Social services     5 Political activities    Toggle Political activities subsection  5.1 Political alliances     5.2 Media operations       6 Secret services     7 Armed strength     8 Military activities    Toggle Military activities subsection  8.1 Lebanese Resistance Brigades     8.2 The beginning of its military activities: the South Lebanon conflict     8.3 Disputed attacks     8.4 During the Bosnian War     8.5 Conflict with Israel   8.5.1 2000 Hezbollah cross-border raid     8.5.2 2006 Lebanon War     8.5.3 2010 gas field claims     8.5.4 2011 attack in Istanbul     8.5.5 2012 planned attack in Cyprus     8.5.6 2012 Burgas attack     8.5.7 2015 Shebaa farms incident     8.5.8 2023–present Israel–Hezbollah conflict     8.5.9 Rearming of Hezbollah       8.6 Assassination of Rafic Hariri     8.7 Involvement in the Syrian Civil War     8.8 Involvement in Iranian-led intervention in Iraq     8.9 Latin America operations     8.10 United States operations     8.11 Other       9 Funding     10 Attacks on Hezbollah leaders     11 Targeting policy     12 Foreign relations    Toggle Foreign relations subsection  12.1 Public opinion   12.1.1 View of Hezbollah       12.2 Designation as a terrorist organisation or resistance movement   12.2.1 In the Western world     12.2.2 In the Arab and Muslim world     12.2.3 In Lebanon     12.2.4 Scholarly views       12.3 Views of foreign legislators       13 Electoral performance    Toggle Electoral performance subsection  13.1 Parliament       14 See also     15 Notes    Toggle Notes subsection  15.1 Footnotes     15.2 Citations       16 Sources     17 Further reading    Toggle Further reading subsection  17.1 Books     17.2 Articles       18 External links    Toggle External links subsection  18.1 UN resolutions regarding Hezbollah     18.2 Other links             (Table of Contents)  Toggle the table of contents      Hezbollah    109 languages  (https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbollah) (Hezbollah – Afrikaans) Afrikaans   (https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hisbollah) (Hisbollah – Alemannic) Alemannisch   (https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87) (حزب الله – Arabic) العربية   (https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%9A%DC%99%DC%92%DC%90%DC%A0%DC%A0%DC%97) (ܚܙܒܐܠܠܗ – Aramaic) ܐܪܡܝܐ   (https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87) (حيزب الله – Moroccan Arabic) الدارجة   (https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87) (حزب الله – Egyptian Arabic) مصرى   (https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hizbullah) (Hizbullah – Azerbaijani) Azərbaycanca   (https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A8%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87) (حیزب‌الله – South Azerbaijani) تۆرکجه   (https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbollah) (Hezbollah – Central Bikol) Bikol Central   (https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%8D%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0) (Хэзбала – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)) Беларуская (тарашкевіца)   (https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0) (Хезбала – Belarusian) Беларуская   (https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0) (Хизбула – Bulgarian) Български   (https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B9) (হিজবুল্লাহ – Bangla) বাংলা   (https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbollah) (Hezbollah – Breton) Brezhoneg   (https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbollah) (Hezbollah – Bosnian) Bosanski   (https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbol%C2%B7l%C3%A0) (Hezbol·là – Catalan) Català   (https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A8%D9%88%DA%B5%DA%B5%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86) (حیزبوڵڵای لوبنان – Central Kurdish) کوردی   (https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hizball%C3%A1h) (Hizballáh – Czech) Čeština   (https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BF%C4%83%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0) (Хиспăлла – Chuvash) Чӑвашла   (https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hizballah) (Hizballah – Welsh) Cymraeg   (https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hizbollah) (Hizbollah – Danish) Dansk   (https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hisbollah) (Hisbollah – German) Deutsch   (https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B5%CE%B6%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%AC%CF%87) (Χεζμπολάχ – Greek) Ελληνικά   (https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hizbulaho) (Hizbulaho – Esperanto) Esperanto   (https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbol%C3%A1) (Hezbolá – Spanish) Español   (https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B8%A8izb_All%C4%81h) (Ḩizb Allāh – Estonian) Eesti   (https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbola) (Hezbola – Basque) Euskara   (https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87) (حزب‌الله – Persian) فارسی   (https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hizbollah) (Hizbollah – Finnish) Suomi   (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbollah) (Hezbollah – French) Français   (https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbollah) (Hezbollah – Irish) Gaeilge   (https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbol%C3%A1) (Hezbolá – Galician) Galego   (https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbollah) (Hezbollah – Hausa) Hausa   (https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%96%D7%91%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%9C%D7%94) (חזבאללה – Hebrew) עברית   (https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9) (हिज़बुल्लाह – Hindi) हिन्दी   (https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbollah) (Hezbollah – Croatian) Hrvatski   (https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbollah) (Hezbollah – Hungarian) Magyar   (https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A5%D5%A6%D5%A2%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%B0) (Հեզբոլլահ – Armenian) Հայերեն   (https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A8%D5%A6%D5%BA%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%AC%D5%A1) (Հըզպալլա – Western Armenian) Արեւմտահայերէն   (https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbollah) (Hezbollah – Interlingua) Interlingua   (https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hizbullah) (Hizbullah – Indonesian) Bahasa Indonesia   (https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hizbollah) (Hizbollah – Ido) Ido   (https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hizbollah) (Hizbollah – Icelandic) Íslenska   (https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbollah) (Hezbollah – Italian) Italiano   (https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%92%E3%82%BA%E3%83%9C%E3%83%A9) (ヒズボラ – Japanese) 日本語   (https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hizbullah) (Hizbullah – Javanese) Jawa   (https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%94%E1%83%96%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90_(%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98)) (ჰეზბოლა (ლიბანი) – Georgian) ქართული   (https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0) (Хезболла – Kazakh) Қазақша   (https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%97%A4%EC%A6%88%EB%B3%BC%EB%9D%BC) (헤즈볼라 – Korean) 한국어   (https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%DB%81) (حزب اللہ – Kashmiri) کٲشُر   (https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hizbulaya_Libnan%C3%AA) (Hizbulaya Libnanê – Kurdish) Kurdî   (featured article) (https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hizbullah) (Hizbullah – Latin) Latina   (https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hisbollah) (Hisbollah – Luxembourgish) Lëtzebuergesch   (https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbollah) (Hezbollah – Limburgish) Limburgs   (https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbollah) (Hezbollah – Lombard) Lombard   (https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%8A%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2) (ເຮຊໂບນລາ – Lao) ລາວ   (https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbollah) (Hezbollah – Lithuanian) Lietuvių   (https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbollah) (Hezbollah – Latvian) Latviešu   (https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%85) (Хезболах – Macedonian) Македонски   (https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2) (ഹിസ്‌ബുല്ല – Malayalam) മലയാളം   (https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0) (Хезболла – Mongolian) Монгол   (https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE) (हिझबुल्ला – Marathi) मराठी   (https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hizbullah) (Hizbullah – Malay) Bahasa Melayu   (https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hizbollah) (Hizbollah – Mirandese) Mirandés   (https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9F%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%87%E1%80%BA%E1%80%98%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AC) (ဟစ်ဇ်ဘိုလာ – Burmese) မြန်မာဘာသာ   (https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87) (حزب‌الله – Mazanderani) مازِرونی   (https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9) (हिजबुल्लाह – Nepali) नेपाली   (https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbollah) (Hezbollah – Dutch) Nederlands   (https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hizbollah) (Hizbollah – Norwegian Nynorsk) Norsk nynorsk   (https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hizbollah) (Hizbollah – Norwegian Bokmål) Norsk bokmål   (https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hizbullah) (Hizbullah – Occitan) Occitan   (https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE) (ਹਿਜ਼ਬੁੱਲਾ – Punjabi) ਪੰਜਾਬੀ   (https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbollah) (Hezbollah – Pampanga) Kapampangan   (https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbollah) (Hezbollah – Polish) Polski   (https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%DB%81) (حزب اللہ – Western Punjabi) پنجابی   (https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF_%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C_%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%B1%DA%81%D9%86%DA%AF) (د حزب الله اسلامی غورځنگ – Pashto) پښتو   (https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbollah) (Hezbollah – Portuguese) Português   (https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbollah) (Hezbollah – Romanian) Română   (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0) (Хезболла – Russian) Русский   (https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbollah) (Hezbollah – Sicilian) Sicilianu   (https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbollah) (Hezbollah – Scots) Scots   (https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87) (حزب الله – Sindhi) سنڌي   (https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbolah) (Hezbolah – Serbo-Croatian) Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски   (https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F) (හිස්බුල්ලා – Sinhala) සිංහල   (https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbollah) (Hezbollah – Simple English) Simple English   (https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hizball%C3%A1h) (Hizballáh – Slovak) Slovenčina   (https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbolah) (Hezbolah – Slovenian) Slovenščina   (https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hizbullah) (Hizbullah – Albanian) Shqip   (https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%85) (Хезболах – Serbian) Српски / srpski   (https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hizbollah) (Hizbollah – Swedish) Svenska   (https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbollah) (Hezbollah – Swahili) Kiswahili   (https://syl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%A0%A2%EA%A0%A4%EA%A0%8E%EA%A0%9B%EA%A0%A5%EA%A0%9F%EA%A0%86%EA%A0%9F%EA%A0%A3) (ꠢꠤꠎꠛꠥꠟ꠆ꠟꠣ – Sylheti) ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ   (https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE) (ஹிஸ்புல்லா – Tamil) தமிழ்   (https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%8C) (ฮิซบุลลอฮ์ – Thai) ไทย   (https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hizbullah) (Hizbullah – Turkish) Türkçe   (https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xizbullah) (Xizbullah – Tatar) Татарча / tatarça   (https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0) (Хезболла – Ukrainian) Українська   (https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%DB%81) (حزب اللہ – Urdu) اردو   (https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hizbulloh) (Hizbulloh – Uzbek) Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча   (https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbollah) (Hezbollah – Venetian) Vèneto   (https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbollah) (Hezbollah – Vietnamese) Tiếng Việt   (https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbollah) (Hezbollah – Waray) Winaray   (https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%9A) (真主党 – Wu) 吴语   (https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%94%E1%83%96%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90_(%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%91%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98)) (ჰეზბოლა (ლიბანი) – Mingrelian) მარგალური   (https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%91%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%90) (כעזבאלא – Yiddish) ייִדיש   (https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%8E%E5%B7%B4%E5%AB%A9%E7%9C%9F%E4%B8%BB%E9%BB%A8) (黎巴嫩真主黨 – Literary Chinese) 文言   (https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hizb_Allah) (Hizb Allah – Minnan) 閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gí   (https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E4%B8%BB%E9%BB%A8) (真主黨 – Cantonese) 粵語   (https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9C%9F%E4%B8%BB%E5%85%9A) (真主党 – Chinese) 中文    (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q41053#sitelinks-wikipedia) (Edit interlanguage links) Edit links       (/wiki/Hezbollah) (View the content page [c]) Article   (/wiki/Talk:Hezbollah) (Discuss improvements to the 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(Extended-protected article)       From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia    Islamist movement and militant group based in Lebanon (./Category:Articles_with_short_description)  (./Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata)    For other uses, see (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbollah_(disambiguation)) (Hezbollah (disambiguation)) Hezbollah (disambiguation) . (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   "Hizbullah" redirects here. For the Indonesian militant group formed during the Japanese occupation, see (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hizbullah_(Indonesia)) (Hizbullah (Indonesia)) Hizbullah (Indonesia) .   (./Category:Wikipedia_extended-confirmed-protected_pages#Hezbollah)  (This page is subject to the extended confirmed restriction related to the Arab-Israeli conflict.)   (./Category:Use_Oxford_spelling_from_August_2024)  (./Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_British_English_with_Oxford_spelling)   (./Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_January_2023)    Islamic Resistance in Lebanon المقاومة الإسلامية في لبنان (American Library Association – Library of Congress transliteration) Al-Muqāwamah al-Islāmīyah fī Lubnān      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Logo_of_the_Hezbollah.svg)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretary-General_of_Hezbollah) (Secretary-General of Hezbollah) Secretary-General and Leader  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naim_Qassem) (Naim Qassem) Naim Qassem   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Leader_of_Iran) (Supreme Leader of Iran) Supreme Leader  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mojtaba_Khamenei) (Mojtaba Khamenei) Mojtaba Khamenei [ 1]      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deputy_Secretary-General_of_Hezbollah) (Deputy Secretary-General of Hezbollah) Deputy Secretary-General  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Raad) (Mohammad Raad) Mohammad Raad [ 2]      Head of the Executive Council (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Damoush) (Ali Damoush) Ali Damoush [ 3]      Founder (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subhi_al-Tufayli) (Subhi al-Tufayli) Subhi al-Tufayli  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbas_al-Musawi) (Abbas al-Musawi) Abbas al-Musawi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination_of_Abbas_al-Musawi) (Assassination of Abbas al-Musawi) X   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_Nasrallah) (Hassan Nasrallah) Hassan Nasrallah  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Hezbollah_headquarters_strike) (2024 Hezbollah headquarters strike) X    Founded 1982;  44 years ago  (1982 )   Headquarters (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beirut) (Beirut) Beirut   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliamentary_group) (Parliamentary group) Parliamentary group  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loyalty_to_the_Resistance_Bloc) (Loyalty to the Resistance Bloc) Loyalty to the Resistance Bloc [ 4]      Paramilitary wing (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jihad_Council) (Jihad Council) Jihad Council  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanese_Resistance_Brigades) (Lebanese Resistance Brigades) Lebanese Resistance Brigades   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies) (List of political ideologies) Ideology   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_nationalism) (Islamic nationalism) Islamic nationalism [ 5]    [ 6]     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khomeinism) (Khomeinism) Khomeinism [ 7]    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shia_Islamism) (Shia Islamism) Shia Islamism [ 7]    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jihadism) (Jihadism) Jihadism ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jihad#Shia) (Jihad) Shia )[ 7]       (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-imperialism) (Anti-imperialism) Anti-imperialism [ 8]    [ 9]     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Zionism) (Anti-Zionism) Anti-Zionism [ 10]       (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-Islamism) (Pan-Islamism) Pan-Islamism [ 5]     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Populism) (Populism) Populism [ 11]    [ 12]     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideology_of_Hezbollah) (Ideology of Hezbollah) see more...       Religion (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shia_Islam) (Shia Islam) Shia Islam ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelver_Shi'ism) (Twelver Shi'ism) Twelver )  National affiliation (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_8_Alliance) (March 8 Alliance) March 8 Alliance   International affiliation (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axis_of_Resistance) (Axis of Resistance) Axis of Resistance (informal)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_colour) (Political colour) Colours  Yellow and green  Slogan فَإِنَّ حِزْبَ ٱللَّهِ هُمُ ٱلْغَالِبُونَ ('Surely it is (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_in_Islam) (God in Islam) God 's party that will prevail.')[(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quran) (Quran) Quran  (https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A2002.02.0006%3Asura%3D5%3Averse%3D56) 5:56 ]   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_Lebanon) (Parliament of Lebanon) Parliament [ 13]     15 / 128 (12%)      Party flag  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Hezbollah.svg)      Website  (http://moqawama.org.lb) moqawama .org .lb     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Lebanon) (Politics of Lebanon) Politics of Lebanon  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Lebanon) (List of political parties in Lebanon) Political parties  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elections_in_Lebanon) (Elections in Lebanon) Elections        (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1358620234)   Hezbollah  Dates active 1982–present  Allegiance ()     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran) (Iran) Iran ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps) (Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps) IRGC )[ 14]      Headquarters (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beirut) (Beirut) Beirut, Lebanon   Size 60,000 - 65,000 (2023)    Hezbollah [ a]    is a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanese_people) (Lebanese people) Lebanese (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shia_Islamism) (Shia Islamism) Shia Islamist political party with an active (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramilitary) (Paramilitary) paramilitary wing whose military and security activities have been prohibited by the Lebanese government since March 2026, amid the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Lebanon_war) (2026 Lebanon war) 2026 Lebanon war .[ 16]    [ 14]    [ 17]    [ 18]    [ 19]    [ 20]    [ 21]    Hezbollah's paramilitary wing is the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jihad_Council) (Jihad Council) Jihad Council ,[ 22]    and its political wing is the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loyalty_to_the_Resistance_Bloc) (Loyalty to the Resistance Bloc) Loyalty to the Resistance Bloc party in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_Lebanon) (Parliament of Lebanon) Lebanese Parliament . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbollah_armed_strength) (Hezbollah armed strength) Its armed strength was assessed to be equivalent to that of a medium-sized army in 2016.[ 23]     Hezbollah was founded in 1982 by Lebanese Shiite clerics in close cooperation with Iran.[ 24]    It emerged in the context of the Lebanese civil war, the collapse of central authority, Iran's strategic interests in Lebanon, and the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982_Lebanon_War) (1982 Lebanon War) Israeli invasion of Lebanon .[ 25]    [ 26]    The movement's formation was shaped by the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_Revolution) (Iranian Revolution) Iranian Revolution of 1979 and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayatollah) (Ayatollah) Ayatollah (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini) (Ruhollah Khomeini) Ruhollah Khomeini 's model of Islamic governance. Hezbollah subsequently established strong ties with (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran) (Iran) Iran as part of the "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axis_of_Resistance) (Axis of Resistance) Axis of Resistance ".[ 27]    The group was initially supported by 1,500 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps) (Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps) Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) instructors, who helped unify various Lebanese Shia factions under Hezbollah's leadership.[ 28]    Hezbollah's 1985 manifesto outlined (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideology_of_Hezbollah) (Ideology of Hezbollah) its key objectives , which include expelling Western influence from the region, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legitimacy_of_the_State_of_Israel) (Legitimacy of the State of Israel) destroying Israel , pledging allegiance to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Leader_of_Iran) (Supreme Leader of Iran) Iran's supreme leader , and establishing an (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_republic) (Islamic republic) Islamic government influenced by (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khomeinism) (Khomeinism) Iran's political ideology . However, the manifesto also emphasised Lebanese self-determination.[ 29]    Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, Hezbollah fought against Israeli forces and the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Lebanon_Army) (South Lebanon Army) South Lebanon Army (SLA), eventually leading to Israel's withdrawal from southern Lebanon in 2000.[ 30]    Hezbollah also played a prominent role in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_Lebanon_War) (2006 Lebanon War) 2006 Lebanon War and later became involved in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_civil_war) (Syrian civil war) Syrian civil war , where it fought alongside the government of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad) (Bashar al-Assad) Bashar al-Assad against the ultimately victorious (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_opposition_(2011–2024)) (Syrian opposition (2011–2024)) Syrian opposition forces .[ 31]     In 2009, Hezbollah issued a new manifesto to oppose political sectarianism, broaden its appeal to non-Islamic movements, and promote a national unity government. The updated manifesto retained the same basic approach to foreign policy, emphasising the what it characterizes as 'hegemonic strategies' of the U.S. and portraying Israel, as its forward base for dominating the region.[ 32]    [ 33]     Since the 1990s, Hezbollah has grown into a significant political force in Lebanon. The group operates a vast social services network, including schools and hospitals, and runs a satellite TV station, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Manar) (Al-Manar) Al-Manar . Politically, Hezbollah's Loyalty to the Resistance Bloc holds 15 seats in the Lebanese Parliament, making it a powerful player in Lebanon's government.[ 34]    However, the group's influence has led to growing domestic criticism. Following the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Beirut_explosion) (2020 Beirut explosion) 2020 Beirut port explosion , Hezbollah was accused of obstructing efforts to hold those responsible accountable, contributing to a decline in public trust. A 2024 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Barometer) (Arab Barometer) Arab Barometer survey found that 55% of Lebanese have "no trust at all" in Hezbollah, although it remains popular among the Shia population.[ 35]     Despite calls for disarmament under (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council) (United Nations Security Council) United Nations Security Council resolutions, Hezbollah has expanded its military capabilities. In 2013, its armed wing is considered stronger than the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanese_Armed_Forces) (Lebanese Armed Forces) Lebanese Armed Forces ,[ 36]    making it one of the most powerful non-state actors in the world. Hezbollah leader (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_Nasrallah) (Hassan Nasrallah) Hassan Nasrallah declared in 2021 that the group had 100,000 fighters.[ 37]    Hezbollah has been involved in several high-profile attacks; it is believed to be responsible for the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983_US_embassy_bombing_in_Beirut) (1983 US embassy bombing in Beirut) bombing of the US embassy and the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983_Beirut_barracks_bombings) (1983 Beirut barracks bombings) US and French barracks bombings in Beirut in 1983, the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination_of_Rafic_Hariri) (Assassination of Rafic Hariri) assassination of Rafic Hariri in 2005,[ 38]    [ 39]    as well as later attacks, including bombings and hijackings.[ 40]    [ 41]    While Hezbollah has been regarded as a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resistance_movement) (Resistance movement) resistance movement by some scholars,[ 42]    [ 43]    [ 44]    the entire organisation, or its military wing alone, has been designated as a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_designated_terrorist_groups) (List of designated terrorist groups) terrorist group [ 45]    by at least 28 countries as of April 2026, including most Western countries.[ 46]     Since October 2023, Hezbollah has been (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbollah–Israel_conflict_(2023–present)) (Hezbollah–Israel conflict (2023–present)) at war with Israel . During this war, Nasrallah (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Hezbollah_headquarters_strike) (2024 Hezbollah headquarters strike) was assassinated after 32 years of leading the group, along with other key members of Hezbollah leadership. The conflict has led to the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Lebanon_War) (2024 Lebanon War) 2024 Lebanon War , which saw Southern Lebanon invaded by Israel, followed by (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Israel–Lebanon_ceasefire_agreement) (2024 Israel–Lebanon ceasefire agreement) a ceasefire . On 7 August 2025, in a government meeting specifically addressing the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disarmament_of_Hezbollah) (Disarmament of Hezbollah) disarmament of Hezbollah , the majority of the government voted to approve the decision. The Lebanese Army was tasked to create a plan ensuring that only the state has control over weapons in Lebanon. The decision is based on a US plan to disarm Hezbollah. On 5 September, the Lebanese cabinet approved the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeland_Shield_Plan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Homeland Shield Plan (page does not exist)) Homeland Shield Plan , the LAF's roadmap for the disarmament of all militias in Lebanon and specifically Hezbollah.[ 47]    [ 48]    On 2 March 2026, Lebanese Prime Minister (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nawaf_Salam) (Nawaf Salam) Nawaf Salam stated that the organisation's military actions rage outside of Lebanese law.[ 49]    [ 50]       History  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Hezbollah) (History of Hezbollah) History of Hezbollah  In 1982, Hezbollah was conceived by Lebanese clerics and funded by (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran) (Iran) Iran primarily to fight the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982_Lebanon_War) (1982 Lebanon War) Israeli invasion of Lebanon .[ 25]    The 1982 and the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1978_South_Lebanon_conflict) (1978 South Lebanon conflict) 1978 Israeli invasions had created a humanitarian crisis in Lebanon; many villages in the south had been destroyed and large numbers of Shias had been displaced from their homes.[ 51]    In addition, the Shia had long been underrepresented in Lebanese politics.[ 52]    Both these factors fostered resentment among the local Shia population, making them a fertile ground for recruitment.[ 51]    Hezbollah was set up by local Shia committees, under the leadership of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini) (Ruhollah Khomeini) Ruhollah Khomeini .[ 52]    Its forces were trained and organised by a contingent of 1,500 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps) (Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps) Iranian Revolutionary Guards that arrived from Iran with permission from the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba'athist_Syria) (Ba'athist Syria) Syrian government , which (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_occupation_of_Lebanon) (Syrian occupation of Lebanon) occupied Lebanon's eastern highlands , permitted their transit to a base in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beqaa_Valley) (Beqaa Valley) Beqaa Valley .[ 53]     Scholars differ as to when Hezbollah came to be a distinct entity. Various sources list the official formation of the group as early as 1982,[ 54]    [ 55]    [ 56]    whereas Diaz and Newman maintain that Hezbollah remained an amalgamation of various violent Shia extremists until as late as 1985.[ 57]    Another version states that it was formed by supporters of Sheikh (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragheb_Harb) (Ragheb Harb) Ragheb Harb , a leader of the southern Shia resistance killed by Israel in 1984.[ 58]    Regardless of when the name came into official use, a number of Shia groups were slowly assimilated into the organisation, such as (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Jihad_Organization) (Islamic Jihad Organization) Islamic Jihad , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organization_of_the_Oppressed_on_Earth) (Organization of the Oppressed on Earth) Organisation of the Oppressed on Earth and the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolutionary_Justice_Organization) (Revolutionary Justice Organization) Revolutionary Justice Organisation .[ 59]    These designations are considered to be synonymous with Hezbollah by the US,[ 59]    Israel,[ 60]    and Canada.[ 61]     According to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Fisk) (Robert Fisk) Robert Fisk [ 62]    and Israeli General Shimon Shapira,[ 63]    the date of 8 June 1982, two days after the Israeli invasion of Lebanon, when 50 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shia_Islam) (Shia Islam) Shiite militants ambushed an (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces) (Israel Defense Forces) Israel Defence Forces armoured convoy in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khalde) (Khalde) Khalde south of Beirut, is considered by Hezbollah as the founding myth of their (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbollah_armed_strength) (Hezbollah armed strength) military wing . It was in this battle, delaying the Israeli advance to Beirut for six days, that the future Hezbollah military chief (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Badreddine) (Mustafa Badreddine) Mustafa Badreddine made his name as a serious commander.[ 64]    According to Shapira, the lightly armed Shia fighters managed to capture an Israeli armoured vehicle on that day and paraded it in the Revolutionary Guards' (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forward_operating_base) (Forward operating base) forward operating base in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baalbek) (Baalbek) Baalbek , Eastern Lebanon. Fisk writes: Down at Khalde, a remarkable phenomenon had taken shape. The Shia militiamen were running on foot into the Israeli gunfire to launch grenades at the Israeli armour, actually moving to within 20 feet of the tanks to open fire at them. Some of the Shia fighters had torn off pieces of their shirts and wrapped them around their heads as bands of martyrdom as the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRGC) (IRGC) Iranian revolutionary guards had begun doing a year before when they staged their first mass attacks against the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraqi_Army) (Iraqi Army) Iraqis in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran-Iraq_War) (Iran-Iraq War) Gulf War a thousand miles to the east . When they set fire to one Israeli armoured vehicle, the gunmen were emboldened to advance further. None of us, I think, realised the critical importance of the events of Khalde that night. The Lebanese Shia were learning the principles of martyrdom and putting them into practice. Never before had we seen these men wear headbands like this; we thought it was another militia affectation but it was not. It was the beginning of a legend which also contained a strong element of truth. The Shia were now the Lebanese resistance, nationalist no doubt but also inspired by their religion. The party of God – in Arabic, the Hezbollah – were on the beaches of Khalde that night.[ 62]      1980s  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main articles: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanese_civil_war) (Lebanese civil war) Lebanese civil war and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Lebanon_conflict_(1985–2000)) (South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000)) South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000)  Hezbollah emerged in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Lebanon) (South Lebanon) South Lebanon during a consolidation of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shia_Islam_in_Lebanon) (Shia Islam in Lebanon) Shia militias as a rival to the older (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amal_Movement) (Amal Movement) Amal Movement . Hezbollah played a significant role in the Lebanese civil war, opposing (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multinational_Force_in_Lebanon) (Multinational Force in Lebanon) US forces in 1982–83 and opposing Amal and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria) (Syria) Syria during the 1985–88 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_of_the_Camps) (War of the Camps) War of the Camps . However, Hezbollah's early primary focus was ending Israel's occupation of southern Lebanon[ 25]    following Israel's 1982 invasion and siege of Beirut.[ 65]    Amal, the main Lebanese Shia political group, initiated (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerrilla_warfare) (Guerrilla warfare) guerrilla warfare . In 2006, former Israeli prime minister (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ehud_Barak) (Ehud Barak) Ehud Barak stated, "When we entered Lebanon ... there was no Hezbollah. We were accepted with perfumed rice and flowers by the Shia in the south. It was our presence there that created Hezbollah."[ 66]     Hezbollah waged an (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asymmetric_war) (Asymmetric war) asymmetric war using (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istishhad) (Istishhad) suicide attacks against the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces) (Israel Defense Forces) Israel Defence Forces (IDF) and Israeli targets outside of Lebanon.[ 67]    Hezbollah is reputed to have been among the first Islamic resistance groups in the Middle East to use the tactics of suicide bombing, assassination, and capturing foreign soldiers,[ 53]    as well as murders[ 68]    and hijackings.[ 69]    Hezbollah also employed more conventional military tactics and weaponry, notably (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katyusha_rocket_launcher) (Katyusha rocket launcher) Katyusha rockets and other missiles.[ 68]    [ 70]    At the end of the Lebanese Civil War in 1990, despite the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taif_Agreement) (Taif Agreement) Taif Agreement asking for the "disbanding of all Lebanese and non-Lebanese militias", (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria) (Syria) Syria , which controlled Lebanon at that time, allowed Hezbollah to maintain their arsenal and control Shia areas along the border with Israel.[ 71]      After 1990  In the 1990s, Hezbollah transformed from a revolutionary group into a political one, in a process which has been described as the "Lebanonisation" of Hezbollah. Unlike its uncompromising revolutionary stance in the 1980s, Hezbollah conveyed a lenient stance towards the Lebanese state.[ 72]     In 1992, Hezbollah decided to participate in elections, and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Khamenei) (Ali Khamenei) Ali Khamenei , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Leader_of_Iran) (Supreme Leader of Iran) supreme leader of Iran , endorsed it. Former Hezbollah secretary general, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subhi_al-Tufayli) (Subhi al-Tufayli) Subhi al-Tufayli , contested this decision, which led to a schism in Hezbollah. Hezbollah won all twelve seats which were on its electoral list. At the end of that year, Hezbollah began to engage in dialogue with Lebanese Christians. Hezbollah regards cultural, political, and religious freedoms in Lebanon as sanctified, although it does not extend these values to groups who have relations with Israel.[ 73]     In 1997, Hezbollah formed the multi-confessional (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanese_Resistance_Brigades) (Lebanese Resistance Brigades) Lebanese Brigades to Fight the Israeli Occupation in an attempt to revive national and secular resistance against Israel, thereby marking the "Lebanonisation" of resistance.[ 74]       Islamic Jihad Organisation (IJO)  Whether the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Jihad_Organisation) (Islamic Jihad Organisation) Islamic Jihad Organisation (IJO) was a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nom_de_guerre) (Nom de guerre) nom de guerre  used by Hezbollah or a separate organisation, is disputed. According to certain sources, IJO was identified as merely a "telephone organisation",[ 75]    [ 76]    and whose name was "used by those involved to disguise their true identity".[ 77]    [ 78]    [ 79]    [ 80]    [ 81]    Hezbollah reportedly also used another name, "Islamic Resistance" (al-Muqawama al-Islamiyya ), for attacks against Israel.[ 82]    (Page / location: 67) :  67    A 2003 US court decision found IJO was the name used by Hezbollah for its attacks in Lebanon, parts of the Middle East, and Europe.[ 83]    The US,[ 84]    Israel,[ 85]    and Canada[ 61]    consider the names "Islamic Jihad Organisation", "Organisation of the Oppressed on Earth" and the "Revolutionary Justice Organisation" to be synonymous with Hezbollah.[ 86]      Axis of Resistance  The group receives substantial financial and military backing from (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran) (Iran) Iran , by (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_smuggling_to_Lebanon) (Iranian smuggling to Lebanon) smuggling and other measures,[ 87]    [ 88]    [ 89]    positioning itself as the leading member of the "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axis_of_Resistance) (Axis of Resistance) Axis of Resistance ", an alliance in opposition to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel) (Israel) Israel and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westernization) (Westernization) Western influence in the Middle East.[ 90]    In mid-September 2024, Israel (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Lebanon_electronic_device_attacks) (2024 Lebanon electronic device attacks) detonated thousands of communication devices distributed to Hezbollah operatives, including pagers and walkie-talkies, which exploded simultaneously across Lebanon. The attacks exposed deep vulnerabilities in Hezbollah networks.[ 91]    Following the outcome of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Lebanon_War) (2024 Lebanon War) 2024 Lebanon War , the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Syrian_opposition_offensives) (2024 Syrian opposition offensives) 2024 Syrian opposition offensives , the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_the_Assad_regime) (Fall of the Assad regime) downfall of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba'athist_Syria) (Ba'athist Syria) Assad regime and the weakening of the Axis of Resistance, Hezbollah has withdrawn the majority of its military infrastructure from southern Lebanon, transferring control to the Lebanese army.[ 92]    [ 93]    [ 94]    [ 95]    This move aligns with the November 2024 U.S.-brokered ceasefire agreement, which mandates Hezbollah's repositioning north of the Litani River and the deployment of approximately 5,000 Lebanese troops to the south. The withdrawal aims to reduce tensions along the Israel-Lebanon border and facilitate the return of displaced civilians. While Hezbollah has removed heavy weaponry, some fighters from southern villages remain with light arms. The situation remains delicate, with ongoing monitoring by international observers to ensure compliance with the ceasefire terms,[ 92]    [ 96]    although Israel has violated the ceasefire terms in near-daily basis.[ 97]      Disarmament  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disarmament_of_Hezbollah) (Disarmament of Hezbollah) Disarmament of Hezbollah  As part of the ceasefire agreement that ended the 2024 Israeli invasion of Lebanon, and with mounting pressure from the US, the Lebanese Armed Forces have undertaken efforts to disarm Hezbollah, including in its traditional strongholds in southern Lebanon, with the aid of Israeli intelligence.[ 98]    [ 99]    In May 2025, the Lebanese government had announced that the army had largely achieved its aim.[ 100]    [ 101]    On 5 August 2025, the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanese_government) (Lebanese government) Lebanese government declared that a plan would be scheduled for the disarmament of the militias after a six-hour cabinet meeting with president (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Aoun) (Joseph Aoun) Joseph Aoun .[ 102]    According to the Lebanese government, Hezbollah has handed over control of several critical facilities.[ 103]    Information minister (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Morcos) (Paul Morcos) Paul Morcos stated that a deadline of the end of 2025 was set for disarmament.[ 104]     Hezbollah leader (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naim_Qassem) (Naim Qassem) Naim Qassem condemned the disarmament proposal, stating: "The resistance is fine, strong and ready to fight for Lebanon's sovereignty and independence... Hezbollah made heavy sacrifices to defend Lebanon against the Israeli aggression." He warned that Hezbollah was prepared to renew attacks on Israel and said all of Lebanon would unite to counter Israel.[ 105]    On 22 August, Qassem threatened a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_war) (Civil war) civil war if the disarmament proposal went forward, which prime minister (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nawaf_Salam) (Nawaf Salam) Nawaf Salam condemned as "completely unacceptable".[ 106]     On 7 August, the cabinet of ministers approved the objective of the disarmament proposal, ensuring that arms in Lebanon are only possessed by the state.[ 107]    Hezbollah and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amal_Movement) (Amal Movement) Amal Movement -affiliated ministers walked out of the cabinet meeting in protest,[ 108]    and thousands of Hezbollah supporters rallied against the approval in the southern suburbs of Beirut.[ 109]    On 5 September, the Lebanese army presented the disarmament plan to the government.[ 110]    On 5 September 2025, General (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodolphe_Haykal) (Rodolphe Haykal) Rodolphe Haykal presented to the Lebanese cabinet the Homeland Shield Plan, its roadmap for the disarmament of all militias in Lebanon, specifically Hezbollah.[ 47]    [ 48]      2026  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Lebanon_war) (2026 Lebanon war) 2026 Lebanon war  On 2 March 2026, Lebanese Prime Minister (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nawaf_Salam) (Nawaf Salam) Nawaf Salam condemned Hezbollah's rocket and drone strikes from southern Lebanon, calling them irresponsible acts outside the authority of the Lebanese state that endanger national security. While he emphasised that all military action must fall under the government's control, he has not formally declared Hezbollah outlawed, focusing instead on preventing unauthorised armed operations.[ 49]    [ 50]       Ideology  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideology_of_Hezbollah) (Ideology of Hezbollah) Ideology of Hezbollah  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ruhollah_Khomeini_by_Jamaran_1.jpg)   Ayatollah (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini) (Ruhollah Khomeini) Ruhollah Khomeini   The ideology of Hezbollah has been summarised as (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shia_Islamist) (Shia Islamist) Shia Islamist (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_radicalism) (Political radicalism) radicalism ;[ 111]    [ 112]    Hezbollah follows the Islamic (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shia) (Shia) Shia theology developed by Iranian leader (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayatollah) (Ayatollah) Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini.[ 53]    Hezbollah was largely formed with the aid of the Khomeini's followers in the early 1980s in order to spread (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_revolution) (Islamic revolution) Islamic revolution [ 113]    and follows a distinct version of Islamic Shia ideology ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hokumat-e_Islami_:_Velayat-e_faqih_(book_by_Khomeini)) (Hokumat-e Islami : Velayat-e faqih (book by Khomeini)) Wilayat al-faqih  or Guardianship of the Islamic Jurists) developed by Khomeini, who was the leader of the "Islamic Revolution" in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran) (Iran) Iran .[ 114]    [ 85]    Although Hezbollah originally aimed to transform Lebanon into an (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_republic) (Islamic republic) Islamic republic , this goal has been abandoned in favour of a more inclusive approach.[ 25]     Early on, Hezbollah was influenced by ideas from prominent Sunni Islamists. Hezbollah's own rhetoric was Islamist in general, rather than Shia in particular.[ 115]    Hezbollah's position on the Sunni-Shia divide was that instead of dwelling on theological differences, Sunnis and Shias ought to cooperate with one another to oppose the Israeli occupation of Arab lands.[ 115]    To maintain a sense of Muslim unity, Hezbollah avoided direct criticism of Saudi Arabia; even during the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_Lebanon_conflict) (2007 Lebanon conflict) 2007 Lebanon's conflict with the Salafis , Al-Manar TV's employees had instructions "not to talk badly about Saudi Arabia".[ 116]    This changed, however, after the beginning of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi-led_intervention_in_the_Yemeni_civil_war) (Saudi-led intervention in the Yemeni civil war) Saudi-led intervention in the Yemeni civil war .[ 116]     Hezbollah has been described as (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_conservatism) (Social conservatism) socially conservative .[ 117]    It is (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homophobia) (Homophobia) against homosexuality and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_by_country_or_territory) (LGBTQ rights by country or territory) LGBT rights .[ 118]    In 2023, Hezbollah leader Hassan Nasrallah called for gay people to be killed and said that the LGBT community was a "threat to society".[ 119]    [ 120]    The organisation also encourages women to wear traditional (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_veiling_practices_by_country) (Islamic veiling practices by country) Islamic veils , especially the full-body (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chador) (Chador) chador .[ 121]     Some scholars consider Hezbollah to have become a left-wing political movement;[ 122]    including political scientists Anisseh van Engeland and Rachael Rudolph,[ 123]    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imad_Salamey) (Imad Salamey) Imad Salamey , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amal_Saad-Ghorayeb) (Amal Saad-Ghorayeb) Amal Saad-Ghorayeb , and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/As'ad_AbuKhalil) (As'ad AbuKhalil) As'ad Abu Khalil .[ 122]    Salamey described Hezbollah as "a revolutionary proletarian party with an Islamic manifesto".[ 124]    Feminist (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judith_Butler) (Judith Butler) Judith Butler controversially called Hezbollah part of the "global left" because they define themselves as anti-imperialist.[ 125]    [ 126]    Communist writer (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nahla_Chahal) (Nahla Chahal) Nahla Chahal wrote that Hezhollah "is a movement of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberation_theology#Palestinian_liberation_theology) (Liberation theology) Theology of Liberation ".[ 127]     1985 manifesto  On 16 February 1985, Sheik Ibrahim al-Amin issued Hezbollah's manifesto. The ideology presented in it was described as radical.(./Category:Articles_with_specifically_marked_weasel-worded_phrases_from_January_2020)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions) (Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch) (The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (January 2020)) by whom?   ]  Its first objective was to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-imperialism) (Anti-imperialism) fight against what Hezbollah described as (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_imperialism) (American imperialism) US and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_occupation_of_the_West_Bank) (Israeli occupation of the West Bank) Israeli imperialism , including the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_occupation_of_Southern_Lebanon_(1982–2000)) (Israeli occupation of Southern Lebanon (1982–2000)) Israeli occupation of Southern Lebanon and other territories. The second objective was to gather all Muslims into an "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ummah) (Ummah) ummah ", under which Lebanon would further the aims of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1979_Revolution) (1979 Revolution) 1979 Revolution of Iran. It also declared it would protect all Lebanese communities, excluding those that collaborated with Israel, and support all national movements—both Muslim and non-Muslim—throughout the world.(./Category:All_articles_with_specifically_marked_weasel-worded_phrases)  (./Category:Articles_with_specifically_marked_weasel-worded_phrases_from_January_2020)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words) (Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words) (Which kinds of national movements? (January 2020)) which?   ]  The manifesto by Hezbollah rejects the existence of the state of Israel, calling for its destruction.[ 128]    [ 129]    [ 130]     Translated excerpts from Hezbollah's original 1985 manifesto read: We are the sons of the umma (Muslim community) ...

... We are an ummah linked to the Muslims of the whole world by the solid doctrinal and religious connection of Islam, whose message God wanted to be fulfilled by the Seal of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prophets_of_Islam) (Prophets of Islam) Prophets , i.e., Prophet (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad) (Muhammad) Muhammad . ... As for our culture, it is based on the Holy (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quran) (Quran) Quran , the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunnah) (Sunnah) Sunna and the legal rulings of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faqih) (Faqih) faqih  who is our source of imitation ...[ 131]       2009 manifesto  On 30 November 2009, secretary-general (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_Nasrallah) (Hassan Nasrallah) Hassan Nasrallah presented a new manifesto at Hezbollah's 7th political conference.[ 33]    Besides its introduction, this 32-page document has three chapters on U.S. hegemonic strategies and the impact of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globalization) (Globalization) globalisation ; Hezbollah's approach to Lebanon; and Palestinian resistance to Israel.[ 32]    While self-described as a "rebirth" document, the manifesto conveys the same basic approach to foreign policy as in the past, according to scholar (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benedetta_Berti) (Benedetta Berti) Benedetta Berti , though it is more "politically savvy" and appeals to non-Islamic movements. Still, the manifesto offers new support for Lebanese political institutions, through which it had been making inroads. Notably, it says that it opposes political "sectarianism", idealises a national unity government, and treats the Lebanese army less as an enemy and more as a subordinate military arm.[ 32]       Attitudes, statements, and actions concerning Israel and Zionism  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   See also: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Hezbollah) (Foreign relations of Hezbollah) Foreign relations of Hezbollah  From the inception of Hezbollah to the present,[ 131]    [ 132]    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calls_for_the_destruction_of_Israel) (Calls for the destruction of Israel) the elimination of the State of Israel has been one of Hezbollah's primary goals. Some translations of Hezbollah's 1985 Arabic-language manifesto state that "our struggle will end only when this entity [Israel] is obliterated".[ 131]    According to Hezbollah's Deputy-General, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naim_Qassem) (Naim Qassem) Naim Qassem , the struggle against Israel is a core belief of Hezbollah and the central rationale of Hezbollah's existence.[ 133]     Hezbollah says that its continued hostilities against Israel are justified as reciprocal to Israeli operations against Lebanon and as retaliation for what they claim is Israel's occupation of Lebanese territory.[ 134]    [ 135]    [ 136]    Israel withdrew from Lebanon in 2000, and their withdrawal was verified by the United Nations as being in accordance with resolution 425 of 19 March 1978; however, Lebanon considers the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shebaa_farms) (Shebaa farms) Shebaa farms —a 26  km 2 (10  sq  mi) piece of land captured by Israel from Syria in the 1967 war and considered by the UN to be Syrian territory occupied by Israel—to be Lebanese territory.[ 137]    [ 138]    Finally, Hezbollah considers Israel to be an illegitimate state. For these reasons, it justifies its actions as acts of defensive jihad.[ 139]      If they go from Shebaa, we won't stop fighting them. ... Our goal is to liberate the 1948 borders of Palestine, ... The Jews who survive this war of liberation can (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Go_back_to_Poland) (Go back to Poland) go back to Germany or wherever they came from. However, that the Jews who lived in Palestine before 1948 will be 'allowed to live as a minority and they will be cared for by the Muslim majority.'  — Hezbollah's spokesperson Hassan Ezzedin, about an Israeli withdrawal from Shebaa Farms[ 71]        Attitudes and actions concerning Jews and Judaism  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideology_of_Hezbollah#Attitudes,_statements,_and_actions_concerning_Jews_and_Judaism) (Ideology of Hezbollah) Ideology of Hezbollah § Attitudes, statements, and actions concerning Jews and Judaism  Hezbollah officials have said, on rare occasions, that it is only "anti-Zionist" and not antisemitic.[ 10]    However, according to scholars, "these words do not hold up upon closer examination". Among other actions, Hezbollah actively engages in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocaust_denial) (Holocaust denial) Holocaust denial and spreads antisemitic conspiracy theories.[ 10]    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Hussein_Fadlallah) (Muhammad Hussein Fadlallah) Muhammad Hussein Fadlallah , a prominent Lebanese Shia cleric and an influential ideological figure associated with Hezbollah, made a number of statements expressing hostility toward Jews as a group.[ 140]     Various antisemitic statements have been attributed to Hezbollah officials.[ 141]    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amal_Saad-Ghorayeb) (Amal Saad-Ghorayeb) Amal Saad-Ghorayeb , a Lebanese political analyst, argues that although Zionism has influenced Hezbollah's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Judaism) (Anti-Judaism) anti-Judaism , "it is not contingent upon it because Hezbollah's hatred of Jews is more religiously motivated than politically motivated".[ 142]    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_S._Wistrich) (Robert S. Wistrich) Robert S. Wistrich , a historian specialising in the study of antisemitism, described Hezbollah's ideology concerning Jews: The anti-Semitism of Hezbollah leaders and spokesmen combines the image of seemingly invincible Jewish power ... and cunning with the contempt normally reserved for weak and cowardly enemies. Like the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas) (Hamas) Hamas propaganda for holy war, that of Hezbollah has relied on the endless vilification of Jews as 'enemies of mankind,' 'conspiratorial, obstinate, and conceited' adversaries full of 'satanic plans' to enslave the Arabs. It fuses traditional Islamic anti-Judaism with Western conspiracy myths, Third Worldist anti-Zionism, and Iranian Shiite contempt for Jews as 'ritually impure' and corrupt infidels. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheikh_Fadlallah) (Sheikh Fadlallah) Sheikh Fadlallah typically insists ... that Jews wish to undermine or obliterate Islam and Arab cultural identity in order to advance their economic and political domination.[ 143]      Conflicting reports say (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Manar) (Al-Manar) Al-Manar , the Hezbollah-owned and operated television station, accused either Israel or Jews of deliberately spreading HIV and other diseases to Arabs throughout the Middle East.[ 144]    [ 145]    [ 146]    Al-Manar was criticised in the West for airing "anti-Semitic propaganda" in the form of a television drama depicting a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_world_domination) (Jewish world domination) Jewish world domination conspiracy theory .[ 147]    [ 148]    [ 149]    The group has been accused by US analysts of engaging in Holocaust denial.[ 150]    [ 151]    [ 152]    In addition, during its 2006 war, it apologised only for killing Israel's Arabs (i.e., non-Jews).[ 10]     In November 2009, according to the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_Telegraphic_Agency) (Jewish Telegraphic Agency) Jewish Telegraphic Agency , Hezbollah pressured a private English-language school in western Beirut "which asked not to be identified", to eliminate from its (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curriculum) (Curriculum) curriculum excerpts from (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Diary_of_Anne_Frank) (The Diary of Anne Frank) The Diary of Anne Frank  , a book of the writings from the diary kept by the Jewish child (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Frank) (Anne Frank) Anne Frank whilst she was in hiding with her family during the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi_occupation_of_the_Netherlands) (Nazi occupation of the Netherlands) Nazi occupation of the Netherlands .[ 153]    This was after Hezbollah's member of Lebanese parliament (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hussein_Hajj_Hassan) (Hussein Hajj Hassan) Hussein Hajj Hassan , interviewed on the organisation's Al-Manar television channel, criticised the school for "showing poor judgment in picking out its textbooks", and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhetorical_question) (Rhetorical question) asked how long Lebanon would "remain an open arena for the Zionist invasion of education".[ 154]     In (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_Yorker) (The New Yorker) The New Yorker ' s 22 July 2024 issue, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dexter_Filkins) (Dexter Filkins) Dexter Filkins , in his report on the border fight between Israel and the organisation, quoted a commander of Hezbollah, who had been active in its operations outside Lebanon, stating that the war between the "Zionist state" and the "party of God" would be "very simply" resolved, "when [the Jews] leave on the same boat they came on".[ 155]       Organisation  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:HezbollahOrgChart.svg)   Organisational chart of Hezbollah, by Ahmad Nizar Hamzeh  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sayyid_Hassan_Nasrallah_06.jpg)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_Nasrallah) (Hassan Nasrallah) Hassan Nasrallah , the third Secretary General of Hezbollah  At the beginning, many Hezbollah leaders maintained that the movement was "not an organisation, for its members carry no cards and bear no specific responsibilities",[ 156]    and that the movement does not have "a clearly defined organisational structure".[ 82]    (Page / location: 41) :  41   Today, as Hezbollah scholar (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnus_Ranstorp) (Magnus Ranstorp) Magnus Ranstorp reports, Hezbollah does actually have a formal governing structure and, in keeping with the principle of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guardianship_of_the_Islamic_Jurists) (Guardianship of the Islamic Jurists) Guardianship of the Islamic Jurists (velayat-e faqih ), it "concentrate[s] ... all authority and powers" on its religious leaders, whose decisions, then, "flow from the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulema) (Ulema) ulama  down the entire community". The supreme decision-making bodies of the Hezbollah were divided between the Majlis al-Shura (Consultative Assembly) which was headed by 12 senior clerical members with responsibility for tactical decisions and supervision of overall Hizballah activity throughout Lebanon, and the Majlis al-Shura al-Karar (the Deciding Assembly), headed by Sheikh Muhammad Hussein Fadlallah and composed of eleven other clerics with responsibility for all strategic matters. Within the Majlis al-Shura, there existed seven specialised committees dealing with ideological, financial, military and political, judicial, informational and social affairs. In turn, the Majlis al-Shura and these seven committees were replicated in each of Hizballah's three main operational areas (the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beqaa_Governorate) (Beqaa Governorate) Beqaa , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beirut) (Beirut) Beirut , and the South).[ 82]    (Page / location: 45) :  45     Since the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Leader_of_Iran) (Supreme Leader of Iran) Supreme Leader of Iran is the ultimate clerical authority, Hezbollah's leaders have appealed to him "for guidance and directives in cases when Hezbollah's collective leadership [was] too divided over issues and fail[ed] to reach a consensus".[ 82]    (Page / location: 45) :  45   After the death of Iran's first Supreme Leader, Khomeini, Hezbollah's governing bodies developed a more "independent role" and appealed to Iran less often.[ 82]    (Page / location: 45) :  45   Since the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Lebanon_War) (Second Lebanon War) Second Lebanon War , however, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran) (Iran) Iran has restructured Hezbollah to limit the power of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_Nasrallah) (Hassan Nasrallah) Hassan Nasrallah , and invested a significant sum of money "rehabilitating" Hezbollah.[ 157]     Structurally, Hezbollah does not distinguish between its political/social activities within Lebanon and its military/jihad activities against Israel. "Hezbollah has a single leadership", according to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naim_Qassem) (Naim Qassem) Naim Qassem , Hezbollah's second in command. "All political, social and jihad work is tied to the decisions of this leadership ... The same leadership that directs the parliamentary and government work also leads jihad actions in the struggle against Israel."[ 158]     In 2010, Iran's parliamentary speaker (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Larijani) (Ali Larijani) Ali Larijani said, "Iran takes pride in Lebanon's Islamic resistance movement for its steadfast Islamic stance. Hezbollah nurtures the original ideas of Islamic Jihad." He also instead charged the West with having accused Iran with support of terrorism and said, "The real terrorists are those who provide the Zionist regime with military equipment to bomb the people."[ 159]     Funding  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funding_of_Hezbollah) (Funding of Hezbollah) Funding of Hezbollah  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   See also: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbollah–Iran_relations) (Hezbollah–Iran relations) Hezbollah–Iran relations and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_economy_in_Lebanon#Hezbollah's_involvement_in_the_drug_industry) (Drug economy in Lebanon) Drug economy in Lebanon § Hezbollah's involvement in the drug industry  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Seyyed_Ali_Khamenei_and_Seyyed_Hassan_Nasrallah_by_khamenei.ir_01(2005)_02.jpg)   Nasrallah visiting Iranian (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_leader_of_Iran) (Supreme leader of Iran) Supreme Leader (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Khamenei) (Ali Khamenei) Ali Khamenei in Tehran, August 2005  Funding of Hezbollah comes from the Iranian government, Lebanese business groups, private persons, businessmen, the Lebanese diaspora involved in African diamond exploration, other Islamic groups and countries, taxes paid by the Shia Lebanese, and crime.[ 160]    [ 161]    Hezbollah says that the main source of its income comes from its own investment portfolios and donations by Muslims. Western sources maintain that Hezbollah receives most of its financial, training, weapons, explosives, political, diplomatic, and organisational aid from (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran) (Iran) Iran and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria) (Syria) Syria .[ 71]    [ 84]    [ 162]    Iran is said to have given $400 million between 1983 and 1989 through donations.(./Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification_from_April_2026)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify) (Wikipedia:Please clarify) (Source and currency needed; which $? (April 2026)) clarification needed   ]  Ostensibly on account of economic problems, Iran temporarily limited funds to humanitarian actions carried on by Hezbollah.[ 160]    During the late 1980s, when there was (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Lebanon#Macro-economic_trend) (Economy of Lebanon) three-digit inflation in Lebanon due to the collapse of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanese_pound) (Lebanese pound) Lira , the British periodical (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_East_International) (Middle East International) Middle East International reported that Hezbollah was receiving $3–5 million(./Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification_from_April_2026)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify) (Wikipedia:Please clarify) (Clarify which $ currency (April 2026)) clarification needed   ]  per month from Iran.[ 163]    According to reports subsequently released, Hezbollah received $400 million(./Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification_from_April_2026)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify) (Wikipedia:Please clarify) (Clarify which $ currency (April 2026)) clarification needed   ]  from Iran.[ 164]    [ 165]    [ 166]     In 2009, when the United States (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GAO) (GAO) GAO agency accused members of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezuelan_government) (Venezuelan government) Venezuelan government of "not cooperating fully in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_on_drugs) (War on drugs) the war on drug trafficking " and claimed that "drug corruption had reached the ministerial level in Venezuela", (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorit_Shavit) (Dorit Shavit) Dorit Shavit , then in charge of Latin America & Caribbean affairs at the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_foreign_ministry) (Israeli foreign ministry) Israeli foreign ministry , stated in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Tiempo_(Colombia)) (El Tiempo (Colombia)) El Tiempo  that the presence of "cells of Hezbollah guerrillas" had increased in recent years in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guajira_Peninsula) (Guajira Peninsula) Guajira Peninsula and on the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island_of_Margarita) (Island of Margarita) island of Margarita . The foreign ministry of Venezuela rejected these allegations as "absurd".[ 167]     In 2011, Iran earmarked US$7 million to Hezbollah's activities in Latin America.[ 168]    Hezbollah has relied also on funding from the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shi'a_Islam_in_Lebanon) (Shi'a Islam in Lebanon) Shi'ite Lebanese Diaspora in West Africa, the United States and, most importantly, the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple_Frontier) (Triple Frontier) Triple Frontier , or tri-border area, along the junction of Paraguay, Argentina, and Brazil.[ 169]    US law enforcement officials have identified an illegal multimillion-US dollar (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Smokescreen) (Operation Smokescreen) cigarette-smuggling fund raising operation ,[ 170]    and a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_smuggling) (Drug smuggling) drug smuggling operation.[ 171]    [ 172]    [ 173]    Nasrallah has repeatedly denied any links between the South American drug trade and Hezbollah, calling such accusations "propaganda" and attempts "to damage the image of Hezbollah".[ 174]    [ 175]     As of 2018, annual Iranian monetary support for Hezbollah was estimated at US$700 million by US officials.[ 176]    [ 177]     Israel's efforts against Hezbollah have focused on its military assets as well as its finances, with an emphasis on the estimated US$700 million directed from Iran each year through intermediaries that accounted for most of Hezbollah's annual operating budget. Some of the earliest Israeli military efforts during the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Lebanon_war) (2026 Lebanon war) 2026 Lebanon war in March 2026 targeted the organization's supply of gold and foreign currency, as well as branches of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qard_Al-Hasan_Association) (Al-Qard Al-Hasan Association) Al-Qard Al-Hasan Association , a non-profit financial institution that has been described as being "Hezbollah's bank in Lebanon". Money changing offices and gas stations were also struck, all as part of an effort to squeeze the organization's sources of funding. To bypass constraints set limiting the access of Al-Qard Al-Hasan to the formal banking network, the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawala) (Hawala) hawala system had been used to send US$1 billion in Iranian funds in 2025 via a network of broker transfers that passed through (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq) (Iraq) Iraq , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey) (Turkey) Turkey and the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates) (United Arab Emirates) United Arab Emirates , though sanctions have been placed on these brokers by the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury) (United States Department of the Treasury) United States Department of the Treasury .[ 178]       Social services  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbollah_social_services) (Hezbollah social services) Hezbollah social services  Hezbollah organises and maintains an extensive social development program and runs hospitals, news services, educational facilities, and encouragement of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikah_mut'ah) (Nikah mut'ah) Nikah mut'ah .[ 164]    [ 179]    One of its established institutions, Jihad Al Binna's Reconstruction Campaign, is responsible for numerous economic and infrastructure development projects in Lebanon.[ 180]    Hezbollah controls the Martyr's Institute (Al-Shahid Social Association), which pays stipends to "families of fighters who die" in battle.[ 165]    An IRIN news report of the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs noted: Hezbollah not only has armed and political wings—it also boasts an extensive social development program. Hezbollah currently operates at least four hospitals, twelve clinics, twelve schools and two agricultural centres that provide farmers with technical assistance and training. It also has an environmental department and an extensive social assistance program. Medical care is also cheaper than in most of the country's private hospitals and free for Hezbollah members.[ 164]      According to CNN, "Hezbollah did everything that a government should do, from collecting the garbage to running hospitals and repairing schools."[ 181]    In July 2006, during the war with Israel, when there was no running water in Beirut, Hezbollah was arranging supplies around the city. Lebanese (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shi'a_Islam_in_Lebanon) (Shi'a Islam in Lebanon) Shiites "see Hezbollah as a political movement and a social service provider as much as it is a militia".[ 181]    Hezbollah also rewards its guerrilla members who have been wounded in battle by taking them to Hezbollah-run amusement parks.[ 182]     Hezbollah is, therefore, deeply embedded in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanese_society) (Lebanese society) Lebanese society .[ 53]      Political activities  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbollah_political_activities) (Hezbollah political activities) Hezbollah political activities  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lebanon_Jul06.png)       Hezbollah-controlled areas in July 2006 (most of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shi'a_Islam_in_Lebanon) (Shi'a Islam in Lebanon) Lebanon's majority Shi'a areas )   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dec_10_2006_anti-government_rally_Beirut.jpg)   A December 2006 anti-government rally in Beirut  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Lebanon) (Politics of Lebanon) Politics of Lebanon      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_League) (Arab League) (Arab League)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_League) (Arab League) Member State of the Arab League      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Lebanon) (Constitution of Lebanon) Constitution  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Lebanon) (Constitution of Lebanon) Constitution of 1926   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights_in_Lebanon) (Human rights in Lebanon) Human rights     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Lebanon#Executive_branch) (Politics of Lebanon) Executive  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Lebanon) (President of Lebanon) President ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Lebanon) (List of presidents of Lebanon) list ) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Aoun) (Joseph Aoun) Joseph Aoun    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Lebanon) (Prime Minister of Lebanon) Prime Minister ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Lebanon) (List of prime ministers of Lebanon) list ) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nawaf_Salam) (Nawaf Salam) Nawaf Salam    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_of_Lebanon) (Council of Ministers of Lebanon) Cabinet (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Cabinets_of_Lebanon) (List of Cabinets of Lebanon) Past Cabinets         (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Lebanon#Legislative_branch) (Politics of Lebanon) Legislature  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_Lebanon) (Parliament of Lebanon) Parliament (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_speakers_of_the_Parliament_of_Lebanon) (List of speakers of the Parliament of Lebanon) Speaker : (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabih_Berri) (Nabih Berri) Nabih Berri          Subdivisions (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governorates_of_Lebanon) (Governorates of Lebanon) Governorates  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Districts_of_Lebanon) (Districts of Lebanon) Districts  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipalities_of_Lebanon) (Municipalities of Lebanon) Municipalities       (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elections_in_Lebanon) (Elections in Lebanon) Elections  Recent elections Presidential: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Lebanese_presidential_election) (2008 Lebanese presidential election) 2008  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014–2016_Lebanese_presidential_election) (2014–2016 Lebanese presidential election) 2014–2016  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022–2025_Lebanese_presidential_election) (2022–2025 Lebanese presidential election) 2022–2025     General: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Lebanese_general_election) (2018 Lebanese general election) 2018  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Lebanese_general_election) (2022 Lebanese general election) 2022  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Lebanese_general_election) (2026 Lebanese general election) 2026        (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Lebanon) (List of political parties in Lebanon) Political parties       (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Lebanon) (Foreign relations of Lebanon) Foreign relations  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_and_Emigrants_(Lebanon)) (Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Emigrants (Lebanon)) Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Emigrants Minister: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdallah_Bou_Habib) (Abdallah Bou Habib) Abdallah Bou Habib      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_Lebanon) (List of diplomatic missions of Lebanon) Diplomatic missions of / (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_in_Lebanon) (List of diplomatic missions in Lebanon) in Lebanon    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanese_nationality_law) (Lebanese nationality law) Nationality law  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanese_passport) (Lebanese passport) Passport  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visa_requirements_for_Lebanese_citizens) (Visa requirements for Lebanese citizens) Visa requirements  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visa_policy_of_Lebanon) (Visa policy of Lebanon) Visa policy       (flag)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Lebanon) (Portal:Lebanon) Lebanon portal  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_political_science#Politics_by_region) (Outline of political science) Other countries      (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Politics_of_Lebanon) (Template:Politics of Lebanon) (View this template) v   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Politics_of_Lebanon) (Template talk:Politics of Lebanon) (Discuss this template) t   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Politics_of_Lebanon) (Special:EditPage/Template:Politics of Lebanon) (Edit this template) e         Hezbollah along with (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amal_Movement) (Amal Movement) Amal is one of two major political parties in Lebanon that represent (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shi'a_Islam) (Shi'a Islam) Shiite Muslims.[ 183]    Unlike Amal, whose support is predominantly in Lebanon's south, Hezbollah maintains broad-based support in all three areas of Lebanon with a majority Shia Muslim population: in the south, in Beirut and its surrounding area, and in the northern (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beqaa_Valley) (Beqaa Valley) Beqaa Valley and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermel) (Hermel) Hermel region.[ 184]     Hezbollah holds 14 of the 128 seats in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_Lebanon) (Parliament of Lebanon) Parliament of Lebanon and is a member of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resistance_and_Development_Bloc) (Resistance and Development Bloc) Resistance and Development Bloc . According to Daniel L. Byman, it is "the most powerful single political movement in Lebanon".[ 185]    Hezbollah, along with the Amal Movement, represents most of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanese_Shia_Muslims) (Lebanese Shia Muslims) Lebanese Shiite community . Unlike Amal, Hezbollah has not disarmed. Hezbollah participates in the Parliament of Lebanon. Political alliances  Hezbollah has been one of the main parties of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_8_Alliance) (March 8 Alliance) March 8 Alliance since March 2005. Although Hezbollah had joined the new government in 2005, it remained staunchly opposed to the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_14_Alliance) (March 14 Alliance) March 14 Alliance .[ 186]    On 1 December 2006, these groups began (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006–2008_Lebanese_political_protests) (2006–2008 Lebanese political protests) a series of political protests and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sit-in) (Sit-in) sit-ins in opposition to the government of Prime Minister (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fouad_Siniora) (Fouad Siniora) Fouad Siniora .[ 187]     In 2006, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Aoun) (Michel Aoun) Michel Aoun and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_Nasrallah) (Hassan Nasrallah) Hassan Nasrallah met in Mar Mikhayel Church, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiyah) (Chiyah) Chiyah , and signed a memorandum of understanding between (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Patriotic_Movement) (Free Patriotic Movement) Free Patriotic Movement and Hezbollah organising their relation and discussing Hezbollah's disarmament with some conditions. The agreement also discussed the importance of having normal diplomatic relations with (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria) (Syria) Syria and the request for information about the Lebanese political prisoners in Syria and the return of all political prisoners and diaspora in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel) (Israel) Israel . After this event, Aoun and his party became part of the March 8 Alliance.[ 188]     On 7 May 2008, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon) (Lebanon) Lebanon 's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006–2008_Lebanese_political_protests) (2006–2008 Lebanese political protests) 17-month-long political crisis spiralled out of control. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_unrest_in_Lebanon) (2008 unrest in Lebanon) The fighting was sparked by a government move to shut down Hezbollah's telecommunication network and remove Beirut Airport's security chief over alleged ties to Hezbollah. Hezbollah leader (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_Nasrallah) (Hassan Nasrallah) Hassan Nasrallah said the government's decision to declare the group's military telecommunications network illegal was a "declaration of war" on the organisation, and demanded that the government revoke it.[ 189]     Hezbollah-led opposition fighters seized control of several West Beirut neighbourhoods from (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Future_Movement) (Future Movement) Future Movement militiamen loyal to the backed government, in street battles that left 11 dead and 30 wounded. The opposition-seized areas were then handed over to the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanese_Army) (Lebanese Army) Lebanese Army .[ 190]    The army also pledged to resolve the dispute and has reversed the decisions of the government by letting Hezbollah preserve its telecoms network and re-instating the airport's security chief.[ 191]     At the end, rival Lebanese leaders reached consensus over (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doha_Agreement_(2008)) (Doha Agreement (2008)) Doha Agreement on 21 May 2008, to end the 18-month political feud that exploded into fighting and nearly drove the country to a new civil war.[ 192]    On the basis of this agreement, Hezbollah and its opposition allies were effectively granted veto power in Lebanon's parliament. At the end of the conflicts, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanese_government_of_July_2008) (Lebanese government of July 2008) National unity government was formed by (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fouad_Siniora) (Fouad Siniora) Fouad Siniora on 11 July 2008, with Hezbollah controlling one ministerial and eleven of thirty cabinet places.[ 193]     In (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Lebanese_general_election) (2018 Lebanese general election) 2018 Lebanese general election , Hezbollah general secretary (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_Nasrallah) (Hassan Nasrallah) Hassan Nasrallah presented the names of the 13 Hezbollah candidates.[ 194]    On 22 March 2018, Nasrallah issued a statement outlining the main priorities for the parliamentary bloc of the party, Loyalty to the Resistance, in the next parliament.[ 195]    He stated that rooting out corruption would be the foremost priority of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loyalty_to_the_Resistance_Bloc) (Loyalty to the Resistance Bloc) Loyalty to the Resistance Bloc .[ 195]    The electoral slogan of the party was 'We will construct and we will protect'.[ 196]    Finally Hezbollah held 12 seats and its alliance won the election by gaining 70 out of 128 seats of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_Lebanon) (Parliament of Lebanon) Parliament of Lebanon .[ 197]    [ 198]     In October 2024, leader of the Free Patriotic Movement, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gebran_Bassil) (Gebran Bassil) Gebran Bassil , announced that the party was no longer in alliance with Hezbollah.[ 199]    In February 2025, Lebanese Prime Minister (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nawaf_Salam) (Nawaf Salam) Nawaf Salam announced his government, which consists of 24 ministers; the Hezbollah controls two portfolios; the Public Health Ministry, headed by Rakan Nasredine, and the Labour Ministry, headed by Muhammad Haidar. The Hizbullah and Amal Bloc controls together six portfolios in the government.[ 200]     According to a poll conducted by (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_International,_Inc.) (Information International, Inc.) Information International and published in May 2026 by Lebanese (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Jadeed) (Al Jadeed) Al-Jadeed  , about 58% of respondents supported state monopoly on arms and the disarmament of non-state actors such as Hezbollah. While 88% of Shi’ites and 70% of Sunni respondents opposed Hezbollah’s disarmament, 89% of Orthodox Christians, 87% of Maronites, and 77% of Druze- agreed it should be disarmed.[ 201]    [ 202]      Media operations  Hezbollah operates a satellite television station, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Manar) (Al-Manar) Al-Manar TV ("the Lighthouse"), and a radio station, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Nour) (Al-Nour) al-Nour ("the Light").[ 203]    Al-Manar broadcasts from Beirut, Lebanon.[ 203]    Hezbollah launched the station in 1991[ 204]    with the help of Iranian funds.[ 205]    Al-Manar, the self-proclaimed "Station of the Resistance", (qanat al-muqawama ) is a key player in what Hezbollah calls its "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychological_warfare) (Psychological warfare) psychological warfare against the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zionism) (Zionism) Zionist enemy "[ 205]    [ 206]    and an integral part of Hezbollah's plan to spread its message to the entire (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_world) (Arab world) Arab world .[ 205]     Hezbollah's television station Al-Manar airs programming designed to inspire suicide attacks in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_Strip) (Gaza Strip) Gaza , the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bank) (West Bank) West Bank , and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq) (Iraq) Iraq .[ 71]    [ 204]    [ 207]    Al-Manar's transmission in France is prohibited due to its promotion of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocaust_denial) (Holocaust denial) Holocaust denial , a criminal offence in France.[ 208]    The United States lists Al-Manar television network as a terrorist organisation.[ 209]    Al-Manar was designated as a "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specially_Designated_Global_Terrorist) (Specially Designated Global Terrorist) Specially Designated Global Terrorist entity", and banned by the United States in December 2004.[ 210]    It has also been banned by France, Spain, and Germany.[ 211]    [ 212]     Hezbollah is also associated with (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Ahed_(newspaper)) (Al-Ahed (newspaper)) Al-Ahed ("the Covenant"), a weekly newspaper and online platform that publishes news reports, editorials, and ideological material aligned with the organisation's positions. It was established in 1984.[ 213]    It is the only media outlet which is openly affiliated with the organisation.[ 213]     Additionally, Hezbollah operates cultural centres, such as the "Imam Khomeini Cultural Centres", and research institutions that organise lectures, seminars, and study circles focusing on Shiʿi theology, political ideology, and narratives of resistance. These institutions are used for both public outreach and internal cadre education.[ 214]    [ 215]     Materials aimed at instilling principles of nationalism and Islam in children are an aspect of Hezbollah's media operations.[ 216]    The Hezbollah Central Internet Bureau released two video games –  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_Force_(2003_video_game)) (Special Force (2003 video game)) Special Force  in 2003 and a sequel, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_Force_2:_Tale_of_the_Truthful_Pledge) (Special Force 2: Tale of the Truthful Pledge) Special Force 2: Tale of the Truthful Pledge  , in 2007 –  in which players are rewarded with points and weapons for killing Israeli soldiers.[ 217]    In 2012, Al-Manar aired a television special praising an 8-year-old boy who raised money for Hezbollah and said: "When I grow up, I will be a communist resistance warrior with Hezbollah, fighting the United States and Israel, I will tear them to pieces and drive them out of Lebanon, the Golan and Palestine, which I love very dearly."[ 218]       Secret services  Hezbollah's secret services have been called as "one of the best in the world",[ 160]    and have even infiltrated the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_army) (Israeli army) Israeli army .[ 160]    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Lebanese_intelligence_agencies) (Category:Lebanese intelligence agencies) Lebanese intelligence agencies and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Iranian_intelligence_agencies) (Category:Iranian intelligence agencies) Iranian intelligence agencies often collaborate with Hezbollah's secret services.[ 160]     In the summer of 1982, Hezbollah's Special Security Apparatus was created by Hussein al-Khalil, now a "top political adviser to Nasrallah";[ 219]    while Hezbollah's counterintelligence was initially managed by Iran's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quds_Force) (Quds Force) Quds Force ,[ 220]    (Page / location: 238) :  238   the organisation continued to grow during the 1990s. By 2008, scholar Carl Anthony Wege writes, "Hizballah had obtained complete dominance over Lebanon's official state counterintelligence apparatus, which now constituted a Hizballah asset for counterintelligence purposes."[ 221]    (Page / location: 775) :  775   This close connection with Lebanese intelligence helped bolster Hezbollah's financial counterintelligence unit.[ 221]    (Page / location: 772, 775) :  772, 775    According to Ahmad Hamzeh, Hezbollah's counterintelligence service is divided into Amn al-Muddad , responsible for "external" or "encounter" security; and Amn al-Hizb , which protects the organisation's integrity and its leaders. According to Wege, Amn al-Muddad "may have received specialised intelligence training in Iran and possibly North Korea".[ 221]    (Page / location: 773–774) :  773–774   The organisation also includes a military security component, as well as an External Security Organisation (al-Amn al-Khariji or (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_910?action=edit&redlink=1) (Unit 910 (page does not exist)) Unit 910 ) that operates covertly outside Lebanon.[ 220]    (Page / location: 238) :  238    Successful Hezbollah counterintelligence operations include thwarting the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIA) (CIA) CIA 's attempted kidnapping of foreign operations chief Hassan Ezzeddine in 1994, the 1997 manipulation of a double agent that led to the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansariya_ambush) (Ansariya ambush) Ansariya ambush , and the 2000 kidnapping of alleged Mossad agent Elhanan Tannenbaum.[ 221]    (Page / location: 773) :  773   In 2006, Hezbollah collaborated with the Lebanese government to detect Adeeb al-Alam, a former colonel, as an Israeli spy.[ 221]    (Page / location: 774) :  774   Hezbollah recruited IDF Lieutenant Colonel Omar al-Heib, who was convicted in 2006 of conducting surveillance for Hezbollah.[ 221]    (Page / location: 776) :  776   In 2009, Hezbollah apprehended Marwan Faqih, a garage owner who installed tracking devices in Hezbollah-owned vehicles.[ 221]    (Page / location: 774) :  774    Hezbollah's counterintelligence apparatus uses electronic surveillance and intercept technologies. By 2011, Hezbollah counterintelligence began to use software to analyse cellphone data and detect espionage. Suspicious callers were then subjected to conventional surveillance. In the mid-1990s, Hezbollah was able to "download unencrypted video feeds from Israeli drones",[ 221]    (Page / location: 777) :  777   and Israeli (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SIGINT) (SIGINT) SIGINT efforts intensified after the 2000 withdrawal from Lebanon. With possible help from Iran and the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia) (Russia) Russian (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Security_Service) (Federal Security Service) FSB , Hezbollah augmented its electronic counterintelligence capabilities, and succeeded in 2008 in detecting Israeli bugs near (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Sannine) (Mount Sannine) Mount Sannine and in the organisation's fibre optic network.[ 221]    (Page / location: 774, 777–778) :  774, 777–778     Armed strength  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbollah_armed_strength) (Hezbollah armed strength) Hezbollah armed strength  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2023_Hezbollah_drill_in_Aaramta_03.jpg)   Hezbollah fighters in southern Lebanon, May 2023  Hezbollah does not reveal its armed strength. The Dubai-based Gulf Research Centre estimated in 2006 that Hezbollah's armed wing comprises 1,000 full-time Hezbollah members, along with a further 6,000–10,000 volunteers.[ 222]    According to the Iranian (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fars_News_Agency) (Fars News Agency) Fars News Agency  , Hezbollah has up to 65,000 fighters.[ 223]    In October 2023, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Jazeera_Media_Network) (Al Jazeera Media Network) Al Jazeera  cited Hezbollah expert Nicholas Blanford as estimating that Hezbollah has at least 60,000 fighters, including full-time and reservists, and that it had increased its stockpile of missiles from 14,000 in 2006 to about 150,000.[ 15]    It is often described as more militarily powerful than the Lebanese Army.[ 224]    [ 225]    [ 226]    Israeli commander (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy_Tzur) (Guy Tzur) Guy Tzur called Hezbollah "by far the greatest guerrilla group in the world".[ 227]     In 2010, Hezbollah was believed to have 45,000 rockets.[ 228]    IDF Chief of Staff (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadi_Eisenkot) (Gadi Eisenkot) Gadi Eisenkot said that Hezbollah possesses "tens of thousands" of long- and short-range rockets, drones, advanced computer encryption capabilities, as well as advanced defence capabilities like the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SA-6) (SA-6) SA-6 anti-aircraft missile system.[ 229]     Hezbollah possesses the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katyusha_rocket_launcher) (Katyusha rocket launcher) Katyusha-122 rocket, which has a range of 29  km (18  mi) and carries a 15  kg (33  lb) warhead. Hezbollah possesses about 100 long-range missiles. They include the Iranian-made (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fajr-3_(artillery_rocket)) (Fajr-3 (artillery rocket)) Fajr-3 and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fajr-5) (Fajr-5) Fajr-5 , the latter with a range of 75  km (47  mi) , enabling it to strike the Israeli port of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haifa) (Haifa) Haifa , and the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zelzal-1) (Zelzal-1) Zelzal-1 , with an estimated 150  km (93  mi) range, which can reach (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv) (Tel Aviv) Tel Aviv . Fajr-3 missiles have a range of 40  km (25  mi) and a 45  kg (99  lb) warhead. Fajr-5 missiles, extend to 72  km (45  mi) , also hold 45  kg (99  lb) warheads.[ 222]    It was reported that Hezbollah is in possession of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scud) (Scud) Scud missiles that were provided to them by Syria.[ 230]    Syria denied the reports.[ 231]     According to various reports, Hezbollah is armed with (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-tank_guided_missile) (Anti-tank guided missile) anti-tank guided missiles , namely, the Russian-made (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AT-3_Sagger) (AT-3 Sagger) AT-3 Sagger , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AT-4_Spigot) (AT-4 Spigot) AT-4 Spigot , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AT-5_Spandrel) (AT-5 Spandrel) AT-5 Spandrel , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metis-M) (Metis-M) AT-13 Saxhorn-2 'Metis-M' , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9M133_Kornet) (9M133 Kornet) АТ-14 Spriggan 'Kornet' , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran) (Iran) Iranian -made (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAAD_(anti-tank_guided_missile)) (RAAD (anti-tank guided missile)) Ra'ad (version of AT-3 Sagger), Towsan (version of AT-5 Spandrel), (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toophan) (Toophan) Toophan (version of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BGM-71_TOW) (BGM-71 TOW) BGM-71 TOW ), and European-made (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MILAN) (MILAN) MILAN missiles. These weapons have been used against IDF soldiers, causing many of the deaths during the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_Lebanon_War) (2006 Lebanon War) 2006 Lebanon War .[ 232]    US courts said that North Korea provided armaments to Hezbollah during the 2006 war.[ 233]    A small number of Saeghe-2s, an Iranian-made version of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M47_Dragon) (M47 Dragon) M47 Dragon , were also used in the war.[ 234]     For air defence, Hezbollah has anti-aircraft weapons that include the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZU-23) (ZU-23) ZU-23 artillery and the man-portable, shoulder-fired (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strela_2) (Strela 2) SA-7 and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9K38_Igla) (9K38 Igla) SA-18 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface-to-air_missile) (Surface-to-air missile) surface-to-air missile (SAM).[ 235]    One of the most effective weapons deployed by Hezbollah has been the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-802) (C-802) C-802 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-ship_missile) (Anti-ship missile) anti-ship missile .[ 236]     In April 2010, U.S. Secretary of Defence (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Gates) (Robert Gates) Robert Gates claimed that Hezbollah has far more missiles and rockets than the majority of countries, and said that Syria and Iran are providing weapons to the organisation. Israel also claims that Syria is providing the organisation with these weapons. Syria has denied supplying these weapons and views these claims as an Israeli excuse for an attack.(./Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements)  (./Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_January_2015)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed) (Wikipedia:Citation needed) (This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2015)) citation needed   ]  Leaked cables from US diplomats suggest that the United States has been trying unsuccessfully to prevent Syria from "supplying arms to Hezbollah in Lebanon", and that Hezbollah has "amassed a huge stockpile (of arms) since its 2006 war with Israel"; the arms were described as "increasingly sophisticated".[ 237]    Gates added that Hezbollah is possibly armed with chemical or (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_agent) (Biological agent) biological weapons , as well as 105  km (65  mi) anti-ship missiles that could threaten U.S. ships.[ 238]     As of 2017 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hezbollah&action=edit) [ update]    (./Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2017)  (./Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements)  , the Israeli government believe Hezbollah had an arsenal of nearly 150,000 rockets stationed on its border with Lebanon.[ 239]    Some of these missiles are said to be capable of penetrating cities as far away as (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eilat) (Eilat) Eilat .[ 240]    The IDF has accused Hezbollah of storing these rockets beneath hospitals, schools, and civilian homes.[ 240]    Hezbollah has used drones against Israel, by penetrating air defence systems, in a report verified by Nasrallah, who added, "This is only part of our capabilities."[ 241]     Israeli military officials and analysts have drawn attention to the experience and weaponry Hezbollah would have gained from the involvement of thousands of its fighters in the Syrian Civil War. "This kind of experience cannot be bought", said (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabi_Siboni) (Gabi Siboni) Gabi Siboni , director of the military and strategic affairs program at the Institute for National Security Studies at (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv_University) (Tel Aviv University) Tel Aviv University . "It is an additional factor that we will have to deal with. There is no replacement for experience, and it is not to be scoffed at."[ 242]     In 2026 the Alma institute estimated that Hezbollah stores 25,000 rockets and is capable of launching several dozens a day. Additionally it estimated that Hezbollah has several hundreds of advanced missiles, a thousand (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One-way_attack_drone) (One-way attack drone) one-way attack drones , and its manpower includes 40,000 regular militants, out of which 5,000 operate under the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radwan_Force) (Radwan Force) Radwan Force and 3,000 are experienced with launching anti-tank missiles, and trained for invading Israel through land and sea.[ 243]     Hezbollah used fiber optic drones in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Lebanon_war) (2026 Lebanon war) 2026 Lebanon war as part of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbollah–Israel_conflict_(2023–present)) (Hezbollah–Israel conflict (2023–present)) Hezbollah–Israel conflict .[ 244]      Military activities  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbollah_military_activities) (Hezbollah military activities) Hezbollah military activities  Hezbollah has a military branch known as the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jihad_Council) (Jihad Council) Jihad Council ,[ 245]    one component of which is Al-Muqawama al-Islamiyya ("The Islamic Resistance"), and is the possible sponsor of a number of lesser-known militant groups, some of which may be little more than fronts for Hezbollah itself, including the Organisation of the Oppressed, the Revolutionary Justice Organisation, the Organisation of Right Against Wrong, and Followers of the Prophet Muhammad.[ 84]    Some scholars have regarded Hezbollah as a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resistance_movement) (Resistance movement) resistance movement .[ 42]    [ 43]    [ 44]     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1559) (United Nations Security Council Resolution 1559) United Nations Security Council Resolution 1559 called for the disarmament of militia[ 246]    with the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taif_agreement) (Taif agreement) Taif agreement at the end of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanese_civil_war) (Lebanese civil war) Lebanese civil war . Hezbollah denounced, and protested against, the resolution.[ 247]    The 2006 military conflict with Israel has increased the controversy. Failure to disarm remains a violation of the resolution and agreement as well as subsequent (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1701) (United Nations Security Council Resolution 1701) United Nations Security Council Resolution 1701 .[ 248]    Since then both Israel and Hezbollah have asserted that the organisation has gained in military strength.[ 249]     A Lebanese public opinion poll taken in August 2006 shows that most of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shi'a_Islam_in_Lebanon) (Shi'a Islam in Lebanon) Shia did not believe that Hezbollah should disarm after the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_Lebanon_war) (2006 Lebanon war) 2006 Lebanon war , while the majority of Sunni, Druze and Christians believed that they should.[ 250]    The Lebanese cabinet, under president (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Suleiman) (Michel Suleiman) Michel Suleiman and Prime Minister (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fouad_Siniora) (Fouad Siniora) Fouad Siniora , guidelines state that Hezbollah enjoys the right to "liberate occupied lands".[ 251]    In 2009, a Hezbollah commander, speaking on condition of anonymity, said, "[W]e have far more rockets and missiles [now] than we did in 2006."[ 252]     Lebanese Resistance Brigades  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanese_Resistance_Brigades) (Lebanese Resistance Brigades) Lebanese Resistance Brigades  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1358620234)   Lebanese Resistance Brigades Saraya al-Moukawama al-Lubnaniyya   سرايا المقاومة اللبنانية   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Saraya-moukawama-main.jpg)      Leaders  Mohammed Aknan ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beirut) (Beirut) Beirut ) Mohammad Saleh ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidon) (Sidon) Sidon ) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killed_in_action) (Killed in action) †      Dates active 1998–2000 2009–present  Active regions (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Lebanon) (Southern Lebanon) Southern Lebanon , mainly (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidon) (Sidon) Sidon   Part of Hezbollah  Wars (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Lebanon_conflict_(1985–2000)) (South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000)) South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000) and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Sidon_(2013)) (Battle of Sidon (2013)) Battle of Sidon (2013)     The Lebanese Resistance Brigades ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_language) (Arabic language) Arabic :  سرايا المقاومة اللبنانية ,  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic) (Romanization of Arabic) romanized :  (Arabic-language romanization) Sarāyā l-Muqāwama al-Lubnāniyya  (./Category:Articles_containing_Arabic-language_text)  ), also known as the Lebanese Brigades to Resist the Israeli Occupation, were formed by Hezbollah in 1997 as a multi-faith (Christian, Druze, Sunni and Shia) volunteer force to combat the Israeli occupation of Southern Lebanon. With the Israeli withdrawal from Lebanon in 2000, the organisation was disbanded.[ 253]     In 2009, the Resistance Brigades were reactivated, mainly comprising Sunni supporters from the southern city of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidon) (Sidon) Sidon . Its strength was reduced in late 2013 from 500 to 200–250 due to residents' complaints about some fighters of the group exacerbating tensions with the local community.[ 254]      The beginning of its military activities: the South Lebanon conflict  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Lebanon_conflict_(1982–2000)) (South Lebanon conflict (1982–2000)) South Lebanon conflict (1982–2000)  Hezbollah has been involved in several cases of armed conflict with Israel: during the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982–2000_South_Lebanon_conflict) (1982–2000 South Lebanon conflict) 1982–2000 South Lebanon conflict , Hezbollah waged a guerrilla campaign against Israeli forces occupying Southern Lebanon. In 1982, the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Organisation) (Palestine Liberation Organisation) Palestine Liberation Organisation (PLO) was based in Southern Lebanon and was firing Katyusha rockets into northern Israel from Lebanon. Israel invaded Lebanon to evict the PLO, and Hezbollah became an armed organisation to expel the Israelis.[ 71]    Hezbollah's strength was enhanced by the dispatching of one thousand to two thousand members of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps) (Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps) Iranian Revolutionary Guards and the financial backing of Iran.[ 255]    [ 256]    [ 257]     Iranian clerics, most notably Fzlollah Mahallati supervised this activity.[ 258]    It became the main politico-military force among the Shia community in Lebanon and the main arm of what became known later as the Islamic Resistance in Lebanon. With the collapse of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Lebanon_Army) (South Lebanon Army) SLA , and the rapid advance of Hezbollah forces, Israel withdrew on 24 May 2000 six weeks before the announced 7 July date."[ 69]     Hezbollah held a victory parade, and its popularity in Lebanon rose.[ 259]    Israel withdrew in accordance with 1978's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_425) (United Nations Security Council Resolution 425) United Nations Security Council Resolution 425 .[ 137]    Hezbollah and many analysts considered this a victory for the movement, and since then its popularity has been boosted in Lebanon.[ 259]      Disputed attacks  Between 1982 and 1986, there were many attacks blamed on Hezbollah, although Hezbollah denied responsibility. Given that Hezbollah didn't officially exist at the time of many of these attacks (it officially came into existence in 1985[ 260]    ) leads some scholars to be sceptical of implicating Hezbollah in these attacks.[ 261]    [ 260]    The first of these attacks were the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_1983_U.S._Embassy_bombing) (April 1983 U.S. Embassy bombing) April 1983 US Embassy bombing [ 262]    and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983_Beirut_barracks_bombing) (1983 Beirut barracks bombing) 1983 Beirut barracks bombing ,[ 263]    both attributed to Hezbollah by some Western intelligence agencies. Hezbollah denied responsibility for both the embassy bombing[ 264]    [ 265]    and the barracks bombing.[ 260]     In the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon_hostage_crisis) (Lebanon hostage crisis) Lebanon hostage crisis , 105 people were kidnapped between 1982 and 1992.[ 266]    A variety of organisations took responsibility for these kidnappings: Organisation of Islamic Jihād for the Liberation of Palestine, Organisation for Revolutionary Justice, the Fajr Organisation, the Khaybar Brigade, and the Organisation of the World's Oppressed.[ 266]    Hezbollah denied kidnapping these individuals, but was blamed anyway.[ 267]    Recent research has shown that the kidnappers were of various political backgrounds, and were often motivated by (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feud) (Feud) familial feuds or were looking for (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ransom) (Ransom) monetary ransom .[ 266]    [ 268]     Since 1990, terror acts and attempts of which Hezbollah has been blamed include the following bombings and attacks against civilians and diplomats: The (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992_Israeli_Embassy_attack_in_Buenos_Aires) (1992 Israeli Embassy attack in Buenos Aires) 1992 Israeli Embassy attack in Buenos Aires , killing 29, in Argentina.[ 263]    Hezbollah operatives boasted of involvement.[ 269]     The (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_AMIA_bombing) (1994 AMIA bombing) 1994 AMIA bombing of a Jewish cultural centre, killing 85, in Argentina.[ 263]    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansar_Allah_(Lebanon)) (Ansar Allah (Lebanon)) Ansar Allah , a Palestinian group closely associated with Hezbollah, claimed responsibility.[ 269]     The (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alas_Chiricanas_Flight_901) (Alas Chiricanas Flight 901) 1994 AC Flight 901 attack , killing 21, in Panama.[ 270]    Ansar Allah claimed responsibility.[ 269]     The 1996 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khobar_Towers_bombing) (Khobar Towers bombing) Khobar Towers bombing , killing 19 US servicemen.[ 271]     In 2002, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore) (Singapore) Singapore accused Hezbollah of recruiting Singaporeans in a failed 1990s plot to attack US and Israeli ships in the Singapore Straits.[ 272]     15 January 2008, bombing of a US Embassy vehicle in Beirut.[ 273]     In 2009, a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_Hezbollah_plot_in_Egypt) (2009 Hezbollah plot in Egypt) Hezbollah plot in Egypt was uncovered, where Egyptian authorities arrested 49 men for planning attacks against (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel) (Israel) Israeli and Egyptian targets in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinai_Peninsula) (Sinai Peninsula) Sinai Peninsula .[ 274]     The (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Burgas_bus_bombing) (2012 Burgas bus bombing) 2012 Burgas bus bombing , killing 6, in Bulgaria. Hezbollah denied responsibility.[ 275]     Training Shia insurgents against US troops during the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq_War) (Iraq War) Iraq War .[ 276]       During the Bosnian War  Hezbollah provided fighters to fight on the Bosnian Muslim side during the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosnian_War) (Bosnian War) Bosnian War , as part of the broader Iranian involvement. "The Bosnian Muslim government is a client of the Iranians", wrote (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Baer) (Robert Baer) Robert Baer , a CIA agent stationed in Sarajevo during the war. "If it's a choice between the CIA and the Iranians, they'll take the Iranians any day." By the war's end, public opinion polls showed some 86% Bosnian Muslims had a positive opinion of Iran.[ 277]    In conjunction, Hezbollah initially sent 150 fighters to fight against the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Army_of_Republika_Srpska) (Army of Republika Srpska) Bosnian Serb Army , the Bosnian Muslims' main opponent in the war.[ 278]    All Shia foreign advisors and fighters withdrew from Bosnia at the end of conflict.  Conflict with Israel  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran–Israel_proxy_conflict) (Iran–Israel proxy conflict) Iran–Israel proxy conflict  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hezbollah_parade_Lebanon.jpg)   Hezbollah members and supporters parade following the end of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_occupation_of_Southern_Lebanon_(1982–2000)) (Israeli occupation of Southern Lebanon (1982–2000)) Israeli occupation of Southern Lebanon , May 2000  On 25 July 1993, following Hezbollah's killing of seven Israeli soldiers in southern Lebanon, Israel launched (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Accountability) (Operation Accountability) Operation Accountability , known in Lebanon as the Seven Day War, during which the IDF carried out their heaviest artillery and air attacks on targets in southern Lebanon since 1982. The aim of the operation was to eradicate the threat posed by Hezbollah and to force the civilian population north to Beirut so as to put pressure on the Lebanese Government to restrain Hezbollah.[ 279]    The fighting ended when an unwritten understanding was agreed to by the warring parties. Apparently, the 1993 understanding provided that Hezbollah combatants would not fire rockets at northern Israel, while Israel would not attack civilians or civilian targets in Lebanon.[ 280]     In April 1996, after continued Hezbollah rocket attacks on Israeli civilians,[ 281]    the Israeli armed forces launched (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Grapes_of_Wrath) (Operation Grapes of Wrath) Operation Grapes of Wrath , which was intended to wipe out Hezbollah's base in southern Lebanon. Over 100 Lebanese refugees were (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996_shelling_of_Qana) (1996 shelling of Qana) killed by the shelling of a UN base at (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qana) (Qana) Qana , in what the Israeli military said was a mistake.[ 282]     Following several days of negotiations, the two sides signed the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli-Lebanese_Ceasefire_Understanding) (Israeli-Lebanese Ceasefire Understanding) Grapes of Wrath Understandings on 26 April 1996. A cease-fire was agreed upon between Israel and Hezbollah, which would be effective on 27 April 1996.[ 283]    Both sides agreed that civilians should not be targeted, which meant that Hezbollah would be allowed to continue its military activities against IDF forces inside Lebanon.[ 283]     2000 Hezbollah cross-border raid  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000_Hezbollah_cross-border_raid) (2000 Hezbollah cross-border raid) 2000 Hezbollah cross-border raid  On 7 October 2000, three Israeli soldiers—Adi Avitan, Staff Sgt. Benyamin Avraham, and Staff Sgt. Omar Sawaidwere—were abducted by Hezbollah while patrolling the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Line_(Lebanon)) (Blue Line (Lebanon)) border between the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli-occupied_territories) (Israeli-occupied territories) Israeli-occupied (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golan_Heights) (Golan Heights) Golan Heights and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon) (Lebanon) Lebanon .[ 284]    The soldiers were killed either during the attack or in its immediate aftermath.[ 285]    Israel Defence Minister (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaul_Mofaz) (Shaul Mofaz) Shaul Mofaz said that Hezbollah abducted the soldiers and then killed them.[ 286]    The bodies of the slain soldiers were exchanged for Lebanese prisoners in 2004.[ 285]      2006 Lebanon War  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_Lebanon_War) (2006 Lebanon War) 2006 Lebanon War  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hizbollah_posters_2006.jpg)   Hezbollah posters in the aftermath of the 2006 Lebanon War  The 2006 Lebanon War was a 34-day military conflict in Lebanon and northern Israel. The principal parties were Hezbollah (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paramilitary) (Paramilitary) paramilitary forces and the Israeli military. The conflict was precipitated by a cross-border raid during which Hezbollah kidnapped and killed Israeli soldiers. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zar'it-Shtula_incident) (Zar'it-Shtula incident) The conflict began on 12 July 2006 when Hezbollah militants fired (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_artillery#Rockets) (List of artillery) rockets at Israeli border towns as a diversion for an (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-tank_missile) (Anti-tank missile) anti-tank missile attack on two armoured (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humvee) (Humvee) Humvees patrolling the Israeli side of the border fence, killing three, injuring two, and seizing two Israeli soldiers.[ 287]    [ 288]     Israel responded with (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airstrike) (Airstrike) airstrikes and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artillery) (Artillery) artillery fire on targets in Lebanon that damaged Lebanese infrastructure, including Beirut's Rafic Hariri International Airport, which Israel said that Hezbollah used to import weapons and supplies,[ 289]    an air and naval (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blockade) (Blockade) blockade ,[ 290]    and a ground invasion of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Lebanon) (Southern Lebanon) southern Lebanon . Hezbollah then launched more rockets into northern Israel and engaged the IDF in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerrilla_warfare) (Guerrilla warfare) guerrilla warfare from hardened positions.[ 291]     The war continued until 14 August 2006. Hezbollah was responsible for thousands of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katyusha_rocket_launcher) (Katyusha rocket launcher) Katyusha rocket attacks against Israeli civilian towns and cities in northern Israel,[ 292]    which Hezbollah said were in retaliation for Israel's killing of civilians and targeting Lebanese infrastructure.[ 293]    The conflict is believed to have killed 1,191–1,300 Lebanese citizens including combatants[ 294]    [ 295]    [ 296]    [ 297]    [ 298]    and 165 Israelis including soldiers.[ 299]      2010 gas field claims  In 2010, Hezbollah claimed that the Dalit and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamar_gas_field) (Tamar gas field) Tamar gas field , discovered by (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noble_Energy) (Noble Energy) Noble Energy roughly 80  km (50  mi) west of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haifa) (Haifa) Haifa in Israeli exclusive economic zone, belong to Lebanon, and warned Israel against extracting gas from them. Senior officials from Hezbollah warned that they would not hesitate to use weapons to defend Lebanon's natural resources. Figures in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_14_Forces) (March 14 Forces) March 14 Forces stated in response that Hezbollah was presenting another excuse to hold on to its arms. Lebanese MP (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine_Zahra_(legislator)) (Antoine Zahra (legislator)) Antoine Zahra said that the issue is another item "in the endless list of excuses" meant to justify the continued existence of Hezbollah's arsenal.[ 300]      2011 attack in Istanbul  In July 2011, Italian newspaper (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corriere_della_Sera) (Corriere della Sera) Corriere della Sera  reported, based on US and Turkish sources,[ 301]    that Hezbollah was behind a bombing in Istanbul in May 2011 that wounded eight Turkish civilians. The report said that the attack was an assassination attempt on the Israeli consul to Turkey, Moshe Kimchi. Turkish intelligence sources denied the report and said, "Israel is in the habit of creating disinformation campaigns using different papers."[ 301]      2012 planned attack in Cyprus  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Cyprus_terrorist_plot) (2012 Cyprus terrorist plot) 2012 Cyprus terrorist plot  In July 2012, a Lebanese man was detained by Cyprus police on possible charges relating to terrorism laws for planning attacks against Israeli tourists. According to security officials, the man was planning attacks for Hezbollah in Cyprus and admitted this after questioning. The police were alerted about the man due to an urgent message from Israeli intelligence. The Lebanese man was in possession of photographs of Israeli targets and had information on Israeli airlines flying back and forth from Cyprus, and planned to blow up a plane or tour bus.[ 302]    Israeli Prime Minister (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu) (Benjamin Netanyahu) Benjamin Netanyahu stated that Iran assisted the Lebanese man with planning the attacks.[ 303]      2012 Burgas attack  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Burgas_bus_bombing) (2012 Burgas bus bombing) 2012 Burgas bus bombing  Following an investigation into the 2012 Burgas bus bombing terrorist attack against Israeli citizens in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgaria) (Bulgaria) Bulgaria , the Bulgarian government officially accused the Lebanese-militant movement Hezbollah of committing the attack.[ 304]    Five Israeli citizens, the Bulgarian bus driver, and the bomber were killed. The bomb exploded as the Israeli tourists boarded a bus from the airport to their hotel. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsvetan_Tsvetanov) (Tsvetan Tsvetanov) Tsvetan Tsvetanov , Bulgaria's interior minister, reported that the two suspects responsible were members of the militant wing of Hezbollah; he said the suspected terrorists entered Bulgaria on 28 June and remained until 18 July. Israel had already previously suspected Hezbollah for the attack. Israeli Prime Minister (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu) (Benjamin Netanyahu) Benjamin Netanyahu called the report "further corroboration of what we have already known, that Hezbollah and its (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran) (Iran) Iranian patrons are orchestrating a worldwide campaign of terror that is spanning countries and continents".[ 305]    Netanyahu said that the attack in Bulgaria was just one of many that Hezbollah and Iran have planned and carried out, including attacks in Thailand, Kenya, Turkey, India, Azerbaijan, Cyprus and Georgia.[ 304]     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_O._Brennan) (John O. Brennan) John Brennan , Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, has said that, "Bulgaria's investigation exposes Hezbollah for what it is—a terrorist group that is willing to recklessly attack innocent men, women and children, and that poses a real and growing threat not only to Europe, but to the rest of the world."[ 306]    The result of the Bulgarian investigation comes at a time when Israel has been petitioning the European Union to join the United States in designating Hezbollah as a terrorist organisation.[ 306]      2015 Shebaa farms incident  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_2015_Shebaa_farms_incident) (January 2015 Shebaa farms incident) January 2015 Shebaa farms incident  In response to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_2015_Mazraat_Amal_incident) (January 2015 Mazraat Amal incident) an attack against a military convoy comprising Hezbollah and Iranian officers on 18 January 2015 at Quneitra in south of Syria, Hezbollah launched an ambush on 28 January against an Israeli military convoy in the Israeli-occupied (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shebaa_Farms) (Shebaa Farms) Shebaa Farms with (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-tank_missile) (Anti-tank missile) anti-tank missiles against two Israeli vehicles patrolling the border,[ 307]    killing 2 and wounding 7 Israeli soldiers and officers, as confirmed by Israeli military.   2023–present Israel–Hezbollah conflict  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel–Hezbollah_conflict_(2023–present)) (Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–present)) Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–present)  On 8 October 2023, Hezbollah launched guided rockets and artillery shells at (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli-occupied_territories) (Israeli-occupied territories) Israeli-occupied positions in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shebaa_Farms) (Shebaa Farms) Shebaa Farms during the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_war) (Gaza war) Gaza war . Israel retaliated with (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drone_strike) (Drone strike) drone strikes and artillery fire on Hezbollah positions near the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golan_Heights) (Golan Heights) Golan Heights –Lebanon border. The attacks came after Hezbollah expressed support and praise for the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas) (Hamas) Hamas attacks on Israel.[ 308]    [ 309]    The clashes were the largest escalation between the two countries since the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_Lebanon_War) (2006 Lebanon War) 2006 Lebanon War . In November 2024, a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Israel–Lebanon_ceasefire_agreement) (2024 Israel–Lebanon ceasefire agreement) ceasefire deal was signed between Israel and Hezbollah to end 13 months of conflict. According to the agreement, Hezbollah was given 60 days to end its armed presence in southern Lebanon and Israeli forces were obliged to withdraw from the area over the same period.[ 310]    In December 2024, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_the_Assad_regime) (Fall of the Assad regime) the fall of Assad's Baathist regime in Syria was another blow to its Lebanese ally, Hezbollah, which was already weakened because of Israeli military actions.[ 311]     On 31 March 2025, a significant development took place as the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanese_Armed_Forces) (Lebanese Armed Forces) LAF and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Interim_Force_in_Lebanon) (United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon) UNIFIL forces entered a major Hezbollah weapons and storage camp in East Zawtar, near the Litani River—one of Hezbollah's largest and most strategic facilities in southern Lebanon. The move followed renewed tensions and Israeli threats to resume military operations, amid accusations of recent rocket fire toward (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiryat_Shmona) (Kiryat Shmona) Kiryat Shmona . Joint forces reportedly searched Hezbollah vehicles and found an empty missile launcher. It remains unclear whether Hezbollah consented to the operation. This action was seen as part of efforts to enforce UN Resolution 1701, which calls for disarming illegal groups south of the Litani and reinforcing the army's presence in the region.[ 312]     On 1 March 2026, for the first time since the joint (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Israeli–United_States_strikes_on_Iran) (2026 Israeli–United States strikes on Iran) Israeli-US strikes against Iran , Hezbollah launched missiles and drones targeting northern and central Israel, as retaliation for the killing of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Khamenei) (Ali Khamenei) Ali Khamenei . This led Israel to a series of major airstrikes on Southern Beirut (Dahieh), Beqaa Valley and areas near Tyre, targeting Senior Hezbollah operatives.[ 313]    [ 314]    [ 315]      Rearming of Hezbollah  Since the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Israel–Lebanon_ceasefire_agreement) (2024 Israel–Lebanon ceasefire agreement) 2024 Israel–Lebanon ceasefire agreement , Hezbollah is rearming itself. According to Israeli and Arab intelligence sources, the organisation is using the Beirut seaport and its old smuggling land routes form Syria, for bringing in long range missiles, antitank missiles, artillery and rockets. It is also reported that Hezbollah is manufacturing weapons. The efforts take place mainly in the suburbs of Beirut and the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beqaa_Valley) (Beqaa Valley) Beqaa Valley .[ 316]    [ 317]    [ 318]    On 16 July 2026, Syria's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Interior_(Syria)) (Ministry of Interior (Syria)) Interior Ministry said it had intercepted a shipment of long-range missiles, anti-tank missiles, and drones allegedly bound for Hezbollah after entering from the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian–Iraqi_border) (Syrian–Iraqi border) Syrian–Iraqi border .[ 319]       Assassination of Rafic Hariri  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination_of_Rafic_Hariri) (Assassination of Rafic Hariri) Assassination of Rafic Hariri  On 14 February 2005, former Lebanese Prime Minister (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafic_Hariri) (Rafic Hariri) Rafic Hariri was killed, along with 21 others, when his motorcade was struck by a roadside bomb in Beirut. He had been PM during 1992–1998 and 2000–2004. In 2009, the UN special tribunal investigating the murder of Hariri reportedly found evidence linking Hezbollah to the murder.[ 320]     In August 2010, in response to notification that the UN tribunal would indict some Hezbollah members, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_Nasrallah) (Hassan Nasrallah) Hassan Nasrallah said Israel was looking for a way to assassinate Hariri as early as 1993 in order to create political chaos that would force Syria to withdraw from Lebanon, and to perpetuate an anti-Syrian atmosphere [in Lebanon] in the wake of the assassination. He went on to say that in 1996 Hezbollah apprehended an agent working for Israel by the name of Ahmed Nasrallah—no relation to Hassan Nasrallah—who allegedly contacted Hariri's security detail and told them that he had solid proof that Hezbollah was planning to take his life. Hariri then contacted Hezbollah and advised them of the situation.[ 321]    Saad Hariri responded that the UN should investigate these claims.[ 322]     On 30 June 2011, the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_Tribunal_for_Lebanon) (Special Tribunal for Lebanon) Special Tribunal for Lebanon , established to investigate the death of Hariri, issued (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrest_warrant) (Arrest warrant) arrest warrants against four senior members of Hezbollah, including (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Badreddine) (Mustafa Badreddine) Mustafa Badreddine .[ 323]    On 3 July, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_Nasrallah) (Hassan Nasrallah) Hassan Nasrallah rejected the indictment and denounced the tribunal as a plot against the party, vowing that the named persons would not be arrested under any circumstances.[ 324]     On 18 August 2020, the Special Tribunal for Lebanon found (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salim_Ayyash) (Salim Ayyash) Salim Ayyash , a senior operative in Hezbollah, guilty in absentia of five charges including the intentional murder of Hariri with premeditation by using explosive materials.[ 325]      Involvement in the Syrian Civil War  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Further information: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_Civil_War_spillover_in_Lebanon) (Syrian Civil War spillover in Lebanon) Syrian Civil War spillover in Lebanon and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbollah_involvement_in_the_Syrian_Civil_War) (Hezbollah involvement in the Syrian Civil War) Hezbollah involvement in the Syrian Civil War  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   See also: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_Hezbollah) (Syrian Hezbollah) Syrian Hezbollah  Hezbollah was a long time ally of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba'athist_Syria) (Ba'athist Syria) Syrian Ba'athist regime , led by the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Assad_family) (Al-Assad family) Al-Assad family until its (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_the_Assad_regime) (Fall of the Assad regime) downfall in 2024 . Hezbollah has helped the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_(Syria)) (Council of Ministers (Syria)) Syrian government during the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_civil_war) (Syrian civil war) Syrian civil war in its fight against the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_opposition_to_Bashar_al-Assad) (Syrian opposition to Bashar al-Assad) Syrian opposition , which Hezbollah has described as a Zionist plot to destroy its alliance with al-Assad against Israel.[ 326]    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geneive_Abdo) (Geneive Abdo) Geneive Abdo opined that Hezbollah's support for al-Assad in the Syrian war has "transformed" it from a group with "support among the Sunni for defeating Israel in a battle in 2006" into a "strictly Shia paramilitary force".[ 327]    Hezbollah also fought against the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_State) (Islamic State) Islamic State .[ 328]    [ 329]     In August 2012, the United States sanctioned Hezbollah for its alleged role in the war.[ 330]    General Secretary Nasrallah denied Hezbollah had been fighting on behalf of the Syrian government, stating in a 12 October 2012, speech that "right from the start the Syrian opposition has been telling the media that Hezbullah sent 3,000 fighters to Syria, which we have denied".[ 331]    However, according to the Lebanese Daily Star newspaper, Nasrallah said in the same speech that Hezbollah fighters helped the Syrian government "retain control of some 23 strategically located villages [in Syria] inhabited by Shiites of Lebanese citizenship". Nasrallah said that Hezbollah fighters have died in Syria doing their "jihadist duties".[ 332]     In 2012, Hezbollah fighters crossed the border from Lebanon and took over eight villages in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Battle_of_al-Qusayr) (First Battle of al-Qusayr) Al-Qusayr District of Syria.[ 333]    On 16–17 February 2013, Syrian opposition groups claimed that Hezbollah, backed by the Syrian military, attacked three neighbouring Sunni villages controlled by the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Syrian_Army) (Free Syrian Army) Free Syrian Army (FSA). An FSA spokesman said, "Hezbollah's invasion is the first of its kind in terms of organisation, planning and coordination with the Syrian regime's air force." Hezbollah said three Lebanese Shiites, "acting in self-defence", were killed in the clashes with the FSA.[ 333]    [ 334]    Lebanese security sources said that the three were Hezbollah members.[ 335]    In response, the FSA allegedly attacked two Hezbollah positions on 21 February; one in Syria and one in Lebanon. Five days later, it said it destroyed a convoy carrying Hezbollah fighters and Syrian officers to Lebanon, killing all the passengers.[ 336]     In January 2013, a weapons convoy carrying (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SA-17) (SA-17) SA-17 anti-aircraft missiles to Hezbollah was (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_2013_Rif_Dimashq_airstrike) (January 2013 Rif Dimashq airstrike) destroyed allegedly by the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_Air_Force) (Israeli Air Force) Israeli Air Force . A nearby research centre for chemical weapons was also damaged. A similar (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_2013_Rif_Dimashq_airstrikes) (May 2013 Rif Dimashq airstrikes) attack on weapons destined for Hezbollah occurred in May of the same year. The leaders of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_14_alliance) (March 14 alliance) March 14 alliance and other prominent Lebanese figures called on Hezbollah to end its involvement in Syria and said it is putting Lebanon at risk.[ 337]    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subhi_al-Tufayli) (Subhi al-Tufayli) Subhi al-Tufayli , Hezbollah's former leader, said, "Hezbollah should not be defending the criminal regime that kills its own people and that has never fired a shot in defence of the Palestinians." He said, "those Hezbollah fighters who are killing children and terrorising people and destroying houses in Syria will go to hell."[ 338]     The Consultative Gathering, a group of Shia and Sunni leaders in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baalbek_District) (Baalbek District) Baalbek -(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermel_District) (Hermel District) Hermel , also called on Hezbollah not to "interfere" in Syria. They said, "Opening a front against the Syrian people and dragging Lebanon to war with the Syrian people is very dangerous and will have a negative impact on the relations between the two."[ 335]    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walid_Jumblatt) (Walid Jumblatt) Walid Jumblatt , leader of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_Socialist_Party) (Progressive Socialist Party) Progressive Socialist Party , also called on Hezbollah to end its involvement,[ 337]    and claimed that, "Hezbollah is fighting inside Syria with orders from Iran."[ 339]     Egyptian President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed_Morsi) (Mohamed Morsi) Mohamed Morsi condemned Hezbollah by saying, "We stand against Hezbollah in its aggression against the Syrian people. There is no space or place for Hezbollah in Syria."[ 340]    Support for Hezbollah among the Syrian public has weakened since the involvement of Hezbollah and Iran in propping up the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assad_regime) (Assad regime) Assad regime during the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_civil_war) (Syrian civil war) civil war .[ 341]    (./Category:All_articles_lacking_reliable_references)  (./Category:Articles_lacking_reliable_references_from_February_2022)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Questionable_sources) (Wikipedia:Verifiability) (This claim needs references to better sources. (February 2022)) better source needed   ]   On 12 May 2013, Hezbollah with the Syrian army attempted to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Battle_of_al-Qusayr) (Second Battle of al-Qusayr) retake part of Al-Qusayr .[ 342]    In Lebanon, there has been "a recent increase in the funerals of Hezbollah fighters" and "Syrian rebels have shelled Hezbollah-controlled areas".[ 342]     On 25 May 2013, Nasrallah announced that Hezbollah is fighting in the Syrian Civil War against (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamist) (Islamist) Islamic extremists and "pledged that his group will not allow Syrian militants to control areas that border Lebanon".[ 343]    He confirmed that Hezbollah was fighting in the strategic Syrian town of Al-Qusayr on the same side as Assad's forces.[ 343]    In the televised address, he said, "If Syria falls in the hands of the US, Israel and the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takfiris) (Takfiris) takfiris , the people of our region will go into a dark period."[ 343]      Involvement in Iranian-led intervention in Iraq  Beginning in July 2014, Hezbollah sent an undisclosed number of technical advisers and intelligence analysts to Baghdad in support of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_intervention_in_Iraq_(2014–present)) (Iranian intervention in Iraq (2014–present)) Iranian intervention in Iraq . Shortly thereafter, Hezbollah commander Ibrahim al-Hajj was reported killed in action near (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosul) (Mosul) Mosul .[ 344]      Latin America operations  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbollah_in_Latin_America) (Hezbollah in Latin America) Hezbollah in Latin America  Hezbollah operations in South America began in the late 20th century, centred around the Arab population which had moved there following the 1948 Arab-Israeli War and the 1985 Lebanese Civil War.[ 345]    One particular form of alleged activity is (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Money_laundering) (Money laundering) money laundering .[ 346]    The (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times) (Los Angeles Times) Los Angeles Times  said that the group was more active in the 1990s, especially during the 1992 Israeli embassy bombing in Argentina, though its relevance grew more unclear as time progressed.[ 347]    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vox_(website)) (Vox (website)) Vox  writes that following the adoption of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patriot_Act) (Patriot Act) Patriot Act in 2001, the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drug_Enforcement_Administration) (Drug Enforcement Administration) Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) would promote the term of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narcoterrorism) (Narcoterrorism) narcoterrorism and arrest individuals with no prior history of being involved in terrorism, suggesting scepticism towards the reports of large-scale collusion between alleged terrorist groups and cartels.[ 348]     In 2002, Hezbollah was reported to be openly operating in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciudad_del_Este) (Ciudad del Este) Ciudad del Este , Paraguay.[ 349]    Beginning in 2008, the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DEA) (DEA) DEA began with (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Cassandra) (Project Cassandra) Project Cassandra to work against reported Hezbollah activities in regards to Latin American drug trafficking.[ 350]    The investigation by the DEA reported that Hezbollah made about a billion US dollars a year and trafficked thousands of tons of cocaine into the United States.[ 351]    Another destination for cocaine trafficking done by Hezbollah are nations within the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_Cooperation_Council) (Gulf Cooperation Council) Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC).[ 352]    In 2013, Hezbollah was accused of infiltrating South America and having ties with Latin American drug cartels.[ 353]     One area of operations is in the region of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple_Frontier) (Triple Frontier) Triple Frontier , where Hezbollah has been alleged to be involved in the trafficking of cocaine; officials with the Lebanese embassy in Paraguay have worked to counter US allegations and extradition attempts.[ 354]    In 2016, it was alleged that money gained from drug sales was used to purchase weapons in Syria.[ 355]    In 2018, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infobae) (Infobae) Infobae  reported that Hezbollah was operating in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colombia) (Colombia) Colombia under the name Organisation of External Security.[ 356]    That same year, Argentine police arrested individuals alleged to be connected to Hezbollah's criminal activities within the nation.[ 357]     The (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times) (Los Angeles Times) Los Angeles Times  noted in 2020 that at the time, Hezbollah served as a "bogeyman of sorts" and that "[p]undits and politicians in the U.S., particularly those on the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Far_right) (Far right) far right , have long issued periodic warnings that Hezbollah and other Islamic groups pose a serious threat in Latin America".[ 347]    Various allegations have been made that (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba) (Cuba) Cuba ,[ 358]    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicaragua) (Nicaragua) Nicaragua [ 359]    and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezuela) (Venezuela) Venezuela [ 360]    [ 361]    [ 362]    [ 363]    aid Hezbollah in its operations in the region.[ 364]    Israeli reports about the presence of Hezbollah in Latin America raised questions amongst Latin American analysts based in the United States[ 359]    while experts say that reports of presence in Latin America are exaggerated.[ 347]     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Pulse) (Southern Pulse) Southern Pulse  director and analyst (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Logan) (Samuel Logan) Samuel Logan said "Geopolitical proximity to Tehran doesn't directly translate into leniency of Hezbollah activity inside your country" in an interview with the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulitzer_Center) (Pulitzer Center) Pulitzer Center .[ 359]    William Neuman in his 2022 book (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Things_Are_Never_So_Bad_That_They_Can't_Get_Worse) (Things Are Never So Bad That They Can't Get Worse) Things Are Never So Bad That They Can't Get Worse  said that claims of Hezbollah's presence in Latin America was "in reality, minimal", writing that the Venezuelan opposition raised such allegations to persuade the United States into believing that the nation faced a threat from Venezuela in an effort to promote foreign intervention.[ 365]      United States operations  Ali Kourani, the first Hezbollah operative to be convicted and sentenced in the United States, was under investigation since 2013 and worked to provide targeting and terrorist recruiting information to Hezbollah's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Jihad_Organisation) (Islamic Jihad Organisation) Islamic Jihad Organisation (IJO).[ 366]    The organisation had recruited a former resident of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota) (Minnesota) Minnesota and a military linguist, Mariam Tala Thompson, who disclosed "identities of at least eight clandestine human assets; at least 10 US targets; and multiple tactics, techniques and procedures" before she was discovered and successfully prosecuted in a US court.[ 367]      Other  In 2010, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahbash) (Ahbash) Ahbash and Hezbollah members were involved in a street battle which was perceived to be over parking issues, both groups later met to form a joint compensation fund for the victims of the conflict.[ 368]     According to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuters) (Reuters) Reuters  , in 2024, commanders from Hezbollah and Iran's IRGC were reported to be involved in Yemen, overseeing and directing (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houthi_involvement_in_the_Israel–Hamas_war) (Houthi involvement in the Israel–Hamas war) Houthi attacks on Red Sea shipping .[ 369]       Funding  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funding_of_Hezbollah) (Funding of Hezbollah) Funding of Hezbollah  Since it was established, Hezbollah has been heavily dependent on Iran's IRGC for funds and equipment that often arrive through Syria. According to US officials, it received an annual sum of up to US$700 million .[ 370]    [ 371]    [ 372]    [ 373]    Since the 1990s it became part of the Lebanese government and financial systems, while expanding its activities overseas through various businesses, smuggling, and money laundering, mainly in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_America) (South America) South America and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Africa) (West Africa) West Africa .[ 374]    [ 375]    [ 376]    According to Dr. Eitan Azani and Ms. Lorena Atiyas-Lvovsky at the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reichman_University) (Reichman University) Reichman University Institute of Counter Terrorism, the Lebanese Shiite diaspora in Africa and Latin America's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triple_Frontier) (Triple Frontier) Triple Frontier send contributions or forced donations in cash and via other informal transfer systems.[ 377]    Following the 2006 conflict with Israel, Iran increased its financial support of Hezbollah.[ 378]    In 2016, the DEA's “(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Cassandra) (Project Cassandra) Project Cassandra ” said that part of Hezbollah's security wing, called the “Business Affairs Component,” was helping to move drug money around, allegedly using this money to buy weapons for the war in Syria.[ 379]    Western sanctions targeted Hezbollah financial channels and caused the organisation to shift to clandestine operations that included money laundering, and in recent years more into cryptocurrency.[ 380]    [ 381]    [ 382]    [ 383]     The latest reports in Canada, show that the country has long been a hub of Hezbollah's financial networks.[ 384]    [ 385]    As of 2025, the organisation continues its activity in Canada, using car trade making a profit on cars shipped through the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_of_Montreal) (Port of Montreal) Port of Montreal .[ 384]    [ 385]    [ 386]    In 2024 Canada launched Operation Vector in which it prevented the smuggling of 598 cars with the estimated value of $34.5 million.[ 385]    (./Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification_from_April_2026)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify) (Wikipedia:Please clarify) (Clarify which $ currency (April 2026)) clarification needed   ]  Other financial networks include fake charities, money laundering, cryptocurrencies, money services businesses (MSBs) and informal value transfer systems (IVTS) like (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawala) (Hawala) hawalas .[ 384]    [ 385]     Israeli asset-seizure orders and blockchain-analytics reports indicate that, in the year preceding the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_7_attacks) (October 7 attacks) attacks of 7 October 2023 , Hezbollah, alongside (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas) (Hamas) Hamas and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Islamic_Jihad) (Palestinian Islamic Jihad) PIJ , raised funds via (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptocurrencies) (Cryptocurrencies) cryptocurrencies .[ 387]    During this period, Hezbollah is reported to have received roughly US$3.7 million .[ 388]    The groups may also have routed funds between each other's crypto wallets; PIJ and Hezbollah alone are thought to have exchanged up to US$12 million in cryptocurrency since 2021.[ 387]     After the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel–Hezbollah_conflict_(2023–present)) (Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–present)) 2023–2025 war with Israel , Nicholas Blanford of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_Council) (Atlantic Council) Atlantic Council think tank, stated that Hezbollah is faced with a multifaceted crisis like none it had seen in the past, with its efforts to reconstitute itself being hampered by access to long-term finances.[ 389]    The strengthened national government, again in charge of reconstruction, stated that the much needed financial aid from foreign donors is conditioned on establishing a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monopoly_on_violence) (Monopoly on violence) state monopoly on arms , which is still in part resisted by Hezbollah.[ 389]    This follows a statement from May 2025 by the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_State_Department) (US State Department) US State Department conditioning Washington's support of sustainable reconstruction on Hezbollah "laying down their arms."[ 389]     Starting in February 2025 and following Israeli threats, Lebanon's government barred commercial flights between Beirut and Tehran, making it harder to smuggle funds from Iran.(./Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements)  (./Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_September_2025)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed) (Wikipedia:Citation needed) (This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2025)) citation needed   ]  Israel's military claimed that Hezbollah used to bring in cash from Iran using civilian aircraft, and threatened to take action to stop flights. The IDF declared on 25 June 2025 that it had killed an Iranian official in charge of money transfers from Iran to armed groups in the region, after also assassinating a south Lebanese middleman whose currency exchange firm allegedly helped funnel some of this money to Hezbollah.[ 390]     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Arrival_of_fuel_purchased_from_Iran_to_Lebanon_03.jpg)   Arrival of fuel from Iran to Lebanon in September 2021  During the September 2021 fuel shortage, Hezbollah received a convoy of 80 tankers carrying oil/diesel fuel from Iran.[ 391]    [ 392]     On 20 August 2026, the US imposed further sanctions on Hezbollah, including redesignating the group for what the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Treasury_Department) (U.S. Treasury Department) U.S. Treasury Department described as its “service to the Iranian regime under the command of Iran’s (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps'_Qods_Force) (Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps' Qods Force) Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps-Qods Force (IRGC-QF)”.[ 393]    Ten individuals whom the U.S. accused of operating a network that smuggled cash to Hezbollah, also through couriers travelling between (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran) (Iran) Iran , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey) (Turkey) Turkey , the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates) (United Arab Emirates) United Arab Emirates and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon) (Lebanon) Lebanon were also targeted. According to the U.S. Treasury, the network had moved hundreds of millions of dollars to Hezbollah and helped it get foreign currency outside the banking system.[ 394]    [ 395]      Attacks on Hezbollah leaders  Hezbollah has also been the target of bomb attacks and kidnappings. These include: In the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1985_Beirut_car_bombing) (1985 Beirut car bombing) 1985 Beirut car bombing , Shia cleric (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Hussein_Fadlallah) (Mohammad Hussein Fadlallah) Mohammad Hussein Fadlallah , alleged by some to be the "spiritual mentor" of Hezbollah, was targeted, but the assassination attempt failed. On 28 July 1989, Israeli commandos kidnapped Sheikh (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdel_Karim_Obeid) (Abdel Karim Obeid) Abdel Karim Obeid , the leader of Hezbollah.[ 396]    This action led to the adoption of UN Security Council resolution 638, which condemned all hostage takings by all sides. On 16 February 1992, Israeli helicopters attacked a motorcade in southern Lebanon, killing the Hezbollah leader (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbas_al-Musawi) (Abbas al-Musawi) Abbas al-Musawi , his wife, son, and four others.[ 69]     On 31 March 1995, Rida Yasin, also known as Abu Ali, was killed by a single rocket fired from an (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_Airforce) (Israeli Airforce) Israeli helicopter while in a car near (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derdghaya) (Derdghaya) Derdghaya in the Israeli (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_occupation_of_Southern_Lebanon_(1982–2000)) (Israeli occupation of Southern Lebanon (1982–2000)) security zone 10 km east of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyre,_Lebanon) (Tyre, Lebanon) Tyre . Yasin was a senior military commander in southern Lebanon. His companion in the car was also killed. An Israeli civilian was killed and fifteen wounded in the retaliatory rocket fire.[ 397]    [ 398]     On 12 February 2008, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imad_Mughniyeh) (Imad Mughniyeh) Imad Mughniyeh was killed by a car bomb in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascus) (Damascus) Damascus , Syria.[ 399]     On 3 December 2013, senior military commander (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_al-Laqis) (Hassan al-Laqis) Hassan al-Laqis was shot outside his home, 3 kilometres (2  mi) southwest of Beirut. He died a few hours later on 4 December.[ 400]     On 18 January 2015, a group of Hezbollah fighters was targeted in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quneitra) (Quneitra) Quneitra , with the Al-Nusra Front claiming responsibility. In this attack, for which Israel was also accused, Jihad Mughniyeh, son of Imad Mughniyeh, five other members of Hezbollah and an Iranian general of Quds Force, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Ali_Allahdadi) (Mohammad Ali Allahdadi) Mohammad Ali Allahdadi , were killed.[ 401]    [ 402]    [ 403]     On 10 May 2016, an explosion near Damascus International Airport killed top military commander (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Badreddine) (Mustafa Badreddine) Mustafa Badreddine . Lebanese media sources attributed the attack to an Israeli airstrike. Hezbollah attributed the attack to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_opposition_to_Bashar_al-Assad) (Syrian opposition to Bashar al-Assad) Syrian opposition .[ 404]    [ 405]    [ 406]     On 30 July 2024, an Israeli air strike in Beirut killed Hezbollah senior commander, a founding member of Hezbollah's armed wing, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuad_Shukr) (Fuad Shukr) Fuad Shukr .[ 407]     On 20 September 2024, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Aqil) (Ibrahim Aqil) Ibrahim Aqil , a senior commander in the group's elite (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redwan_Force) (Redwan Force) Redwan Force , was killed in Israeli strike on Beirut.[ 408]     On 27 September 2024, an airstrike by the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_Air_Force) (Israeli Air Force) Israeli Air Force in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dahieh) (Dahieh) Dahieh killed secretary general (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_Nasrallah) (Hassan Nasrallah) Hassan Nasrallah , the Hezbollah's supreme leader.[ 409]    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Karaki) (Ali Karaki) Ali Karaki , Hezbollah's commander of the southern front since 1982, was killed in the same Israeli airstrike alongside Nasrallah.[ 410]     On 1 October 2024, an airstrike by the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_Air_Force) (Israeli Air Force) Israeli Air Force in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dahieh) (Dahieh) Dahieh killed (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Jafar_Qasir?action=edit&redlink=1) (Muhammad Jafar Qasir (page does not exist)) Muhammad Jafar Qasir , a high-ranking member, widely recognised for his role in managing the group's financial and logistical networks.[ 411]    [ 412]     On 4 October 2024, an Israeli air strike on the southern suburbs of Beirut killed Head of Hezbollah's Executive Council, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hashem_Safieddine) (Hashem Safieddine) Hashem Safieddine , likely successor of Nasrallah as Hezbollah's next leader.[ 413]     On 17 November 2024, Hezbollah's media relations chief, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Afif) (Mohammad Afif) Mohammad Afif , was killed in an Israeli airstrike on the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba'ath_Party_–_Syria_Region) (Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region) Syrian Ba'ath Party headquarters in Beirut.[ 414]     On 3 December 2024, An Israeli airstrike on a car near Damascus killed Salman Jumaa, a senior Hezbollah figure responsible for liaising with the Syrian army.[ 415]     On 1 April 2025, Hassan Bdeir, known as ‘Hajj Rabih,’ a key figure in the Hezbollah's structure related to the Palestinian cause, and his son, Ali Bdeir, both were killed during the Israeli strike on the southern suburbs of Beirut.[ 416]       Targeting policy  After the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_11,_2001_attacks) (September 11, 2001 attacks) attacks on 11 September 2001 in the US, Hezbollah condemned (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qaeda) (Al-Qaeda) al-Qaeda for targeting civilians in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Trade_Center_(1973–2001)) (World Trade Center (1973–2001)) World Trade Center ,[ 417]    [ 418]    but remained silent on the attack on (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Pentagon) (The Pentagon) The Pentagon .[ 53]    [ 419]    Hezbollah also denounced the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Algerian_massacres_of_the_1990s) (List of Algerian massacres of the 1990s) massacres in Algeria by (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armed_Islamic_Group) (Armed Islamic Group) Armed Islamic Group , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Gama'a_al-Islamiyya) (Al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya) Al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya attacks on tourists in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt) (Egypt) Egypt ,[ 420]    the murder of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Berg) (Nick Berg) Nick Berg ,[ 421]    and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISIL) (ISIL) ISIL (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_2015_Paris_attacks) (November 2015 Paris attacks) attacks in Paris .[ 422]     Although Hezbollah has denounced certain attacks on civilians, some people accuse the organisation of the bombing of an Argentine synagogue in 1994. Argentine prosecutor (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberto_Nisman) (Alberto Nisman) Alberto Nisman , Marcelo Martinez Burgos, and their "staff of some 45 people"[ 423]    said that Hezbollah and their contacts in Iran were responsible for the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AMIA_Bombing) (AMIA Bombing) 1994 bombing of a Jewish cultural centre in Argentina, in which "[e]ighty-five people were killed and more than 200 others injured".[ 424]     In August 2012, the United States State Department's counter-terrorism coordinator (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Benjamin) (Daniel Benjamin) Daniel Benjamin said that Hezbollah "is not constrained by concerns about collateral damage or political fallout that could result from conducting operations there [in Europe]".[ 425]    [ 426]    [ 427]      Foreign relations  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Hezbollah) (Foreign relations of Hezbollah) Foreign relations of Hezbollah  Hezbollah has close relations with Iran.[ 428]    It also had ties with the leadership in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba'athist_Syria) (Ba'athist Syria) Ba'athist Syria , specifically President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafez_al-Assad) (Hafez al-Assad) Hafez al-Assad supported it, until his death in 2000.[ 429]    It was also a close ally of his son (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad) (Bashar al-Assad) Bashar al-Assad , and its leader pledged support to the embattled Syrian leader.[ 430]    [ 431]    Although Hezbollah and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas) (Hamas) Hamas are not organisationally linked, Hezbollah provides military training as well as financial and moral support to the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunni) (Sunni) Sunni (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_people) (Palestinian people) Palestinian group.[ 432]    Furthermore, Hezbollah was a strong supporter of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Intifada) (Second Intifada) Second Intifada .[ 53]     US and Israeli counter-terrorism officials claim that Hezbollah has (or had) links to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Qaeda) (Al Qaeda) Al Qaeda , although Hezbollah's leaders deny these allegations.[ 433]    [ 434]    Also, some al-Qaeda leaders, like (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Musab_al-Zarqawi) (Abu Musab al-Zarqawi) Abu Musab al-Zarqawi [ 435]    and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism) (Wahhabism) Wahhabi clerics, consider Hezbollah to be heretics.[ 436]    But United States intelligence officials speculate that there has been contact between Hezbollah and low-level al-Qaeda figures who fled (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan) (Afghanistan) Afghanistan for Lebanon.[ 437]    However, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Samaha) (Michel Samaha) Michel Samaha , Lebanon's former minister of information, has said that Hezbollah has been an important ally of the government in the war against terrorist groups, and described the "US attempt to link Hezbollah to al-Qaeda" to be "astonishing".[ 53]     In April 2025, a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbollah_drone_smuggling_investigation_(2024–2025)?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hezbollah drone smuggling investigation (2024–2025) (page does not exist)) multinational investigation involving Spain, France, Germany, and the United Kingdom uncovered a Hezbollah logistics network operating in Europe. Authorities arrested multiple individuals connected to the procurement of drone components intended for explosive-laden UAVs. The parts matched those used by Hezbollah in attacks on Israel, highlighting the group's international supply chain and ongoing drone development efforts.[ 438]    [ 439]     Public opinion  As of 2024, Hezbollah's support within Lebanon is limited, especially after being blamed for the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Beirut_explosion) (2020 Beirut explosion) 2020 Beirut port explosion and the obstruction of accountability efforts. According to a 2024 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Barometer) (Arab Barometer) Arab Barometer survey, 55% of Lebanese have "no trust at all" in the group. Support remains concentrated primarily among the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanese_Shia_Muslims) (Lebanese Shia Muslims) Shiite population .[ 440]     According to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Samaha) (Michel Samaha) Michel Samaha , Lebanon's Minister of Information, Hezbollah is seen as "a legitimate resistance organisation that has defended its land against the Israeli occupying force, and consistently stood up to the Israeli army".[ 53]    Samaha was sentenced for smuggling explosives to carry out terrorist attacks in Lebanon with the help of the Syrian regime.[ 441]    [ 442]     According to a survey released by the "Beirut Centre for Research and Information", of 800 citizens polled between 24 and 26 July 2006, during the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_Lebanon_War) (2006 Lebanon War) 2006 Lebanon War , "showed 87% support for Hizbullah's [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sic) (Sic) sic  ] retaliatory attacks on northern Israel".[ 443]    a rise of 29% from a similar poll conducted in February.(./Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements)  (./Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_September_2024)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed) (Wikipedia:Citation needed) (What Poll? (September 2024)) citation needed   ]  More striking, however, was the level of support for Hezbollah's resistance from Sunni communities. "Eighty percent of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity_in_Lebanon) (Christianity in Lebanon) Christians polled supported Hizbullah [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sic) (Sic) sic  ] along with 80% of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanese_Druze) (Lebanese Druze) Druze and 89% of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanese_Sunni_Muslims) (Lebanese Sunni Muslims) Sunnis ."[ 444]     In a poll of Lebanese adults taken in 2004, 6% of respondents gave unqualified support to the statement "Hezbollah should be disarmed". 41% reported unqualified disagreement. A poll of Gaza Strip and West Bank residents indicated that 79.6% had "a very good view" of Hezbollah, and most of the remainder had a "good view". Polls of Jordanian adults in December 2005 and June 2006 showed that 63.9% and 63.3%, respectively, considered Hezbollah to be a legitimate resistance organisation. In the December 2005 poll, only 6% of Jordanian adults considered Hezbollah to be terrorist.[ 445]     A July 2006 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA_Today) (USA Today) USA Today  /(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallup,_Inc.) (Gallup, Inc.) Gallup poll found that 83% of the 1,005 US citizens polled blamed Hezbollah, at least in part, for the 2006 Lebanon War, compared to 66% who blamed Israel to some degree. Additionally, 76% disapproved of the military action Hezbollah took in Israel, compared to 38% who disapproved of Israel's military action in Lebanon.[ 446]    A poll in August 2006 by (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)) (ABC News (United States)) ABC News  and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post) (The Washington Post) The Washington Post  found that 68% of the 1,002 US citizens blamed Hezbollah, at least in part, for the civilian casualties in Lebanon during the 2006 Lebanon War, compared to 31% who blamed Israel to some degree.[ 446]    Another August 2006 poll by (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNN) (CNN) CNN  showed that 69% of the 1,047 US citizens believed that Hezbollah is unfriendly towards, or an enemy of, the United States.[ 446]     In 2010, a survey of Muslims in Lebanon showed that 94% of Lebanese (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shi'a_Islam_in_Lebanon) (Shi'a Islam in Lebanon) Shia supported Hezbollah, while 84% of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunni_Islam_in_Lebanon) (Sunni Islam in Lebanon) Sunni Muslims held an unfavourable opinion of the group.[ 447]     Around 2012, some public opinion has started to turn against Hezbollah for their support of Syrian President Assad's attacks on the opposition movement in Syria.[ 448]    Crowds in Cairo shouted out against Iran and Hezbollah, at a public speech by (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas) (Hamas) Hamas President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismail_Haniyeh) (Ismail Haniyeh) Ismail Haniyeh in February 2012, when Hamas changed its support to the Syrian opposition.[ 449]     View of Hezbollah  A November 2020 poll in Lebanon performed by the pro-Israel, US (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Institute_for_Near_East_Policy) (The Washington Institute for Near East Policy) Washington Institute for Near East Policy declared that support for Hezbollah is declining significantly. Below is a table of the results of their polls.[ 450]     Religion View (%)  Very positive Somewhat positive Somewhat negative Very negative Unsure  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity_in_Lebanon) (Christianity in Lebanon) Christian  6 10 23 59  2  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shia_Islam_in_Lebanon) (Shia Islam in Lebanon) Shia  66  23 10 2 0  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunni_Islam_in_Lebanon) (Sunni Islam in Lebanon) Sunni  2 6 32 60  0      Designation as a terrorist organisation or resistance movement  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   See also: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_designated_terrorist_groups) (List of designated terrorist groups) List of designated terrorist groups  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Countries_that_recognize_Hezbollah_as_a_terrorist_organization_(1).svg)   Map of countries that designate Hezbollah as a terrorist organisation as of 2023  Hezbollah's status as a legitimate political party, a terrorist group, a resistance movement, or some combination thereof is a contentious issue.[ 451]     As of April 2026, Hezbollah or its military wing are considered (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorist_organization) (Terrorist organization) terrorist organisations by at least 28 countries, as well as by the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union) (European Union) European Union and since 2017 by most member states of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_League) (Arab League) Arab League , with the exception of Iraq and Lebanon, where Hezbollah is the most powerful political party.[ 452]    In June 2024, the Arab League leadership has announced that it no longer views Hezbollah as a terrorist organisation.[ 453]     The countries that have designated Hezbollah a terrorist organisation include: the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_Cooperation_Council) (Gulf Cooperation Council) Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC),[ 454]    and their members Saudi Arabia,[ 455]    Bahrain,[ 456]    United Arab Emirates,[ 455]    as well as Argentina,[ 457]    Canada,[ 458]    Colombia,[ 459]    Dominican Republic[ 460]    Ecuador,[ 461]    Estonia,[ 462]    Germany,[ 463]    Honduras,[ 459]    Israel,[ 464]    Paraguay,[ 465]    [ 466]    Kosovo,[ 467]    Lithuania,[ 468]    Serbia,[ 462]    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovenia) (Slovenia) Slovenia ,[ 469]    Switzerland,[ 470]    United Kingdom,[ 471]    United States,[ 472]    and Guatemala.[ 473]     The EU differentiates between Hezbollah's political wing and military wing, banning only the latter, though Hezbollah itself does not recognise such a distinction.[ 462]    Hezbollah maintains that it is a legitimate (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resistance_movement) (Resistance movement) resistance movement fighting for the liberation of Lebanese territory. There is a "wide difference" between US and Arab perception of Hezbollah.[ 53]    Several (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_world) (Western world) Western countries officially classify Hezbollah or its external security wing as a terrorist organisation, and some of their violent acts have been described as terrorist attacks. However, throughout most of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_world) (Arab world) Arab and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim_world) (Muslim world) Muslim worlds , Hezbollah is referred to as a resistance movement, engaged in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_security) (National security) national defence .[ 114]    [ 474]    [ 475]    Even within Lebanon, sometimes Hezbollah's status as either a "militia" or "national resistance" has been contentious. In Lebanon, although not universally supported, Hezbollah is widely seen as a legitimate national resistance organisation defending Lebanon, and has been described by the Lebanese information minister as an important ally in fighting terrorist groups.[ 53]    [ 476]     The (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council) (United Nations Security Council) United Nations Security Council has never listed Hezbollah as a terrorist organisation under its sanctions list, although some of its members have done so individually. The (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom) (United Kingdom) United Kingdom listed Hezbollah's military wing as a terrorist organisation[ 477]    until May 2019 when the entire organisation was proscribed,[ 478]    and the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States) (United States) United States [ 479]    lists the entire group as such. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia) (Russia) Russia has considered Hezbollah a legitimate sociopolitical organisation,[ 480]    and the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People's_Republic_of_China) (People's Republic of China) People's Republic of China remains neutral and maintains contacts with Hezbollah.[ 481]     In May 2013, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France) (France) France and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany) (Germany) Germany released statements that they will join other European countries in calling for an (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union) (European Union) EU -blacklisting of Hezbollah as a terror group.[ 482]    In April 2020 Germany designated the organisation—including its political wing—as a terrorist organisation, and banned any activity in support of Hezbollah.[ 483]     In November 2025, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq) (Iraq) Iraq , by Resolution No. 61 of the 'Committee for the Freezing of Terrorists' Assets' of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Bank_of_Iraq) (Central Bank of Iraq) Central Bank of Iraq , designated Hezbollah as a terrorist organisation and froze its assets. The decision was issued in the 4848th edition of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Official_Gazette_of_Iraq) (Official Gazette of Iraq) Official Gazette of Iraq  , on 18 November 2025.[ 484]    [ 485]    However, Iraqi officials subsequently called the decision a mistake, and the prime minister ordered an investigation.[ 486]    On 15 July 2026, Iraq sanctioned Hezbollah and entities linked to it, a move which according to Iraqi officials was in accordance with the amended U.S. Executive Order 13224 targeting terrorism financing.[ 487]     On 8 April 2026, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costa_Rica) (Costa Rica) Costa Rica designated Hezbollah as a terrorist organisation.[ 488]     On 15 April 2026, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago) (Trinidad and Tobago) Trinidad and Tobago designated the IRGC as a terrorist organization.[ 489]     The following entities have listed Hezbollah as a terror group: Country Listing Ref  ()      Argentina  Entire organisation [ 490]    [ 491]      ()      Australia  Entire organisation [ 492]    [ 493]    [ 494]      ()      Austria  Entire organisation [ 495]      ()      Bahrain  Entire organisation [ 496]      ()      Canada  Entire organisation [ 497]      ()      Colombia  Entire organisation [ 459]    [ 498]      ()     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costa_Rica) (Costa Rica) Costa Rica  Entire organisation [ 488]      ()      Czech Republic  Entire organisation [ 495]      ()      Ecuador  Entire organisation [ 461]      ()      Estonia  Entire organisation [ 462]      ()     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union) (European Union) European Union  Hezbollah's military wing [ 499]    [ 500]      ()      France  Hezbollah's military wing, France considers the political wing as a legitimate sociopolitical organisation [ 501]      ()      Germany  Entire organisation [ 502]    [ 503]      ()     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooperation_Council_for_the_Arab_States_of_the_Gulf) (Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf) Gulf Cooperation Council  Entire organisation [ 454]      ()      Guatemala  Entire organisation [ 473]      ()      Honduras  Entire organisation [ 498]    [ 504]    [ 505]      ()      Israel  Entire organisation [ 506]      ()      Kosovo  Hezbollah's military wing [ 507]      ()      Lithuania  Entire organisation [ 508]      ()      Netherlands  Entire organisation [ 509]      ()      New Zealand  Hezbollah's military wing Al-Muqawama al-Islamiyya, since 2010 [ 510]      ()      Paraguay  Entire organisation [ 511]      ()      Serbia  Entire organisation [ 512]      ()      Slovenia  Entire organisation [ 469]      ()      Trinidad and Tobago  Entire organisation [ 513]      ()      Ukraine  Hezbollah's military wing [ 514]      ()      United Arab Emirates  Entire organisation [ 455]      ()      United Kingdom  Entire organisation [ 478]      ()      United States  Entire organisation [ 515]        The following entities have listed Hezbollah as a terror group in the past: ()     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_League) (Arab League) Arab League  Entire organisation [ 516]    [ 517]        The following entities do not consider Hezbollah a terror organisation: ()      Algeria  Entire organisation [ 518]      ()      China  Maintains contact with Hezbollah [ 481]      ()      Cuba  Hezbollah allegedly operates a base in Cuba [ 519]      ()      Iran   [ 520]      ()      North Korea  Allegedly supports Hezbollah. Considers Hezbollah an organisation of Lebanese patriotic forces [ 521]      ()      Russia  Considers Hezbollah a legitimate sociopolitical organisation [ 480]        Hezbollah has not been designated a terrorist organisation, nor is its activities supported: ()      Iraq  The federal government of Iraq had previously listed it and the Houthi movement as terrorist organisations, but later withdrew the designation, calling it a mistake. On 15 July 2026, Iraq sanctioned Hezbollah and its affiliates. [ 484]    [ 486]      ()      Syria  After the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_the_Assad_regime) (Fall of the Assad regime) fall of the Assad regime in 2024, clashes broke out between the Syrian transitional government and Hezbollah in the border region. [ 522]    [ 523]    [ 524]        In the Western world  The (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State) (United States Department of State) United States Department of State has designated Hezbollah a terrorist organisation since 1995. The group remains on Foreign Terrorist Organisation and Specially Designated Terrorist lists. According to the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congressional_Research_Service) (Congressional Research Service) Congressional Research Service , "The US government holds Hezbollah responsible for...attacks and hostage takings targeting US citizens in Lebanon during the 1980s, including the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983_US_embassy_bombing_in_Beirut) (1983 US embassy bombing in Beirut) bombing of the US Embassy in Beirut in April 1983 and the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983_Beirut_barracks_bombings) (1983 Beirut barracks bombings) bombing of the US Marine barracks in October 1983 , which together killed 258 US citizens. Hezbollah's operations outside of Lebanon, including its participation in bombings of Israeli and Jewish targets in Argentina during the 1990s and...training and liaison activities with Shiite insurgents in Iraq, have cemented the organisation's reputation among U.S. policy makers as a capable and deadly adversary with potential global reach."[ 525]    In 2015, the US (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Director_of_National_Intelligence) (Director of National Intelligence) Director of National Intelligence removed Hezbollah from the list of "active terrorist threats" while Hezbollah remained designated as terrorist by the US,[ 526]    and Hezbollah officials were sanctioned for their role in facilitating military activity in the Syrian Civil War.[ 527]    In May 2025, senior Hezbollah officials and financial facilitators around new sanctions, were targeted by the US, for their role in coordinating financial transfers to the Iran-backed group.[ 528]    In April 2026, US ambassador to Lebanon (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Issa) (Michel Issa) Michel Issa stated that Lebanon's formal designation of Hezbollah as a terrorist organisation was a prerequisite for US diplomatic intervention to end the war with Israel.[ 529]     The UK was the first government to attempt to make a distinction between Hezbollah's political and military wings, declaring the latter a terrorist group in 2008.[ 530]    In 2019, the UK Government proscribed the entirety of Hezbollah as an organisation due to the difficulties in distinguishing between the political and military wings, as a way of limiting its influence in the UK.[ 531]    [ 532]    In 2012, British Foreign Minister (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Hague) (William Hague) William Hague "urged the EU to place Hezbollah's military wing on its list of terrorist organisations".[ 533]    The US urged the EU to classify Hezbollah as a terrorist organisation. In light of findings implicating Hezbollah in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Burgas_bus_bombing) (2012 Burgas bus bombing) 2012 Burgas bus bombing , Bulgaria, there was discussion within the EU to label Hezbollah's military wing as a terrorist group.[ 534]    In 2013, the EU agreed to blacklist Hezbollah's military wing over its role in the Syrian conflict.[ 535]    [ 536]    The EU, France,[ 501]    and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand) (New Zealand) New Zealand have proscribed Hezbollah's military wing, but do not list Hezbollah as a whole as a terrorist organisation.[ 510]    [ 500]    During the Israeli occupation of southern Lebanon, French Prime Minister (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lionel_Jospin) (Lionel Jospin) Lionel Jospin stated that "France condemns Hezbollah's attacks, and all types of terrorist attacks which may be carried out against soldiers, or possibly Israel's civilian population."[ 537]    Italian Foreign Minister (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massimo_D'Alema) (Massimo D'Alema) Massimo D'Alema differentiated the wings of Hezbollah: "Apart from their well-known terrorist activities, they also have political standing and are socially engaged."[ 538]    Germany does not maintain its list, having chosen to adopt the EU list. However, German officials have indicated they would support designating Hezbollah a terrorist organisation.[ 539]    The Netherlands regards Hezbollah as terrorist labelling it as such in reports of its intelligence and security service[ 540]    and in official answers by its Foreign Minister.[ 541]    Serbia, which designated Iran-backed Hezbollah entirely as a terrorist organisation, fully implement measures to restrict Hezbollah's operations and financial activities.[ 512]     In the midst of the 2006 conflict between Hezbollah and Israel, Russia's government declined to include Hezbollah in a list of terrorist organisations stating that it lists only organisations which represent "the greatest threat to the security of our country".[ 542]    Prior to the release of the list, Russian Defence Minister (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei_Ivanov) (Sergei Ivanov) Sergei Ivanov called "on Hezbollah to stop resorting to any terrorist methods, including attacking neighboring states".[ 543]    Argentine prosecutors hold Hezbollah, and its financial supporters in Iran, responsible for the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_AMIA_Bombing) (1994 AMIA Bombing) 1994 AMIA Bombing of a Jewish cultural centre, described as "the worst terrorist attack on Argentine soil", in which "85 people were killed and more than 200 others injured".[ 424]    [ 544]    The (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_Cooperation_Council) (Gulf Cooperation Council) GCC ,[ 454]    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada) (Canada) Canada ,[ 497]    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel) (Israel) Israel ,[ 506]    and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia) (Australia) Australia [ 494]    have classified Hezbollah as a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_designated_terrorist_groups) (List of designated terrorist groups) terrorist organisation . The UN does not maintain a terrorist list,[ 545]    however, it has made repeated calls for Hezbollah to disarm and accused the group of destabilising the region and causing harm to Lebanese civilians.[ 546]    [ 547]    [ 548]    Human rights organisations (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amnesty_International) (Amnesty International) Amnesty International and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch) (Human Rights Watch) Human Rights Watch have accused Hezbollah of committing (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_crimes) (War crimes) war crimes against Israeli civilians.[ 549]    [ 550]    [ 551]    [ 552]      In the Arab and Muslim world  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Anti-Islam_Film_protests_(8009242499).jpg)   Protesters in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur) (Kuala Lumpur) Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia, with a Hezbollah flag in September 2012  In 2006, Hezbollah was regarded as a legitimate resistance movement throughout most of the Arab and Muslim world.[ 114]    Furthermore, most of the Sunni Arab world sees Hezbollah as an agent of Iranian influence, and therefore, would like to see their power in Lebanon diminished.[ 553]    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt) (Egypt) Egypt , Jordan, and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia) (Saudi Arabia) Saudi Arabia have condemned Hezbollah's actions, saying that "the Arabs and Muslims can't afford to allow an irresponsible and adventurous organisation like Hezbollah to drag the region to war" and calling it "dangerous adventurism".[ 554]     After an alleged (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_Hezbollah_plot_in_Egypt) (2009 Hezbollah plot in Egypt) 2009 Hezbollah plot in Egypt , the Egyptian regime of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosni_Mubarak) (Hosni Mubarak) Hosni Mubarak officially classified Hezbollah as a terrorist group.[ 555]    Following the 2012 Presidential elections the new government recognised Hezbollah as a "real political and military force" in Lebanon. The Egyptian ambassador to Lebanon, Ashraf Hamdy, stated that, "Resistance in the sense of defending Lebanese territory ... That's their primary role. We ... think that as a resistance movement they have done a good job to keep on defending Lebanese territory and trying to regain land occupied by Israel is legal and legitimate."[ 556]    [ 557]     During the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahraini_uprising_(2011–present)) (Bahraini uprising (2011–present)) Bahraini uprising , Bahrain (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Bahrain)) (Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Bahrain)) foreign minister (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khalid_ibn_Ahmad_Al_Khalifah) (Khalid ibn Ahmad Al Khalifah) Khalid ibn Ahmad Al Khalifah labelled Hezbollah a terrorist group and accused them of supporting the protesters.[ 558]    [ 559]    On 10 April 2013, Bahrain blacklisted Hezbollah as a terrorist group, being the first Arab state in this regard.[ 560]     While Hezbollah has supported popular uprisings in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Egyptian_revolution) (2011 Egyptian revolution) Egypt , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Yemeni_uprising) (2011 Yemeni uprising) Yemen , Bahrain and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunisian_revolution) (Tunisian revolution) Tunisia , Hezbollah publicly sided with Iran and Syria during the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Syrian_uprising) (2011 Syrian uprising) 2011 Syrian uprising .[ 561]    This position has prompted criticism from anti-government Syrians. As Hezbollah supported other movements in the context of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Spring) (Arab Spring) Arab Spring , anti-government Syrians have stated that they feel "betrayed" by a double standard allegedly applied by the movement. Following Hezbollah's aid in Assad government's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_al-Qusayr_(2013)) (Battle of al-Qusayr (2013)) victory in Qusayr , anti-Hezbollah editorials began regularly appearing in the Arabic media and anti-Hezbollah graffiti has been seen in southern Lebanon.[ 562]     In March 2016, the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_Cooperation_Council) (Gulf Cooperation Council) GCC designated Hezbollah as a terrorist organisation due to its alleged attempts to undermine GCC states, and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_League) (Arab League) Arab League followed the move, with reservation by (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq) (Iraq) Iraq and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon) (Lebanon) Lebanon . In the summit, Lebanese Foreign Minister (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gebran_Bassil) (Gebran Bassil) Gebran Bassil said that "Hezbollah enjoys wide representation and is an integral faction of the Lebanese community", while Iraqi Foreign Minister (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_al-Jaafari) (Ibrahim al-Jaafari) Ibrahim al-Jaafari said (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Hashd_al-Shaabi) (Al-Hashd al-Shaabi) PMF and Hezbollah "have preserved Arab dignity" and those who accuse them of being terrorists are terrorists themselves. The Saudi delegation walked out of the meeting.[ 563]    Israel's Prime Minister (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu) (Benjamin Netanyahu) Benjamin Netanyahu called the step, " ' important' and 'even amazing' " .[ 564]     A day before the move by the Arab League, Hezbollah leader Nasrallah said that, "Saudi Arabia is angry with Hezbollah since it is daring to say what only a few others dare to say against (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Saud) (House of Saud) its royal family ."[ 565]     In 2020, a German security contractor accused (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qatar) (Qatar) Qatar of financing Hezbollah.[ 566]    In September 2021, U.S' Secretary of State, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antony_Blinken) (Antony Blinken) Antony Blinken commended the combined efforts taken by the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States) (United States) United States and the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Qatar) (Government of Qatar) Government of Qatar against Hezbollah financial network which involved the abuse of international financial system by using global networks of financiers and front companies to spread (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorism) (Terrorism) terrorism .[ 567]    In July 2022, Qatar participated in a 30-nation meeting led by the United States to counter Hezbollah, according to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axios_(website)) (Axios (website)) Axios .[ 568]     In June 2024, the Arab League Assistant Secretary-General Hossam Zaki has announced that the Arab League no longer considers Hezbollah a terrorist organisation.[ 453]      In Lebanon  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Graves_of_killed_Hezbollah_members.jpg)   Graves of killed Hezbollah members at a mausoleum in Beirut  In an interview during the 2006 Lebanon War, then-President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emile_Lahoud) (Emile Lahoud) Emile Lahoud stated, "Hezbollah enjoys utmost prestige in Lebanon, because it freed our country ... even though it is very small, it stands up to Israel."[ 569]    Following the 2006 War, other Lebanese including members of the government were resentful of the large damage sustained by the country and saw Hezbollah's actions as unjustified "dangerous adventurism" rather than legitimate resistance. They accused Hezbollah of acting on behalf of Iran and Syria.[ 570]    An official of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Future_Movement) (Future Movement) Future Movement , part of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_14_Alliance) (March 14 Alliance) March 14 Alliance , warned that Hezbollah "has all the characteristics of a terrorist party", and that Hezbollah is moving Lebanon toward the Iranian Islamic system of government.[ 571]     In August 2008, Lebanon's cabinet completed a policy statement which recognised "the right of Lebanon's people, army, and resistance to liberate the Israeli-occupied Shebaa Farms, Kafar Shuba Hills, and the Lebanese section of Ghajar village, and defend the country using all legal and possible means".[ 572]     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gebran_Tueni) (Gebran Tueni) Gebran Tueni , a late conservative Orthodox Christian editor of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An-Nahar) (An-Nahar) an-Nahar , referred to Hezbollah as an "Iranian import" and said "they have nothing to do with Arab civilisation". Tuení believed that Hezbollah's evolution is cosmetic, concealing a sinister long-term strategy to Islamicise Lebanon and lead it into a ruinous war with Israel.[ 53]     By 2017, a poll showed that 62% of Lebanese Christians believed that Hezbollah was doing a "better job than anyone else in defending Lebanese interests in the region, and they trust it more than other social institutions".[ 573]    (./Category:All_articles_lacking_reliable_references)  (./Category:Articles_lacking_reliable_references_from_December_2018)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Questionable_sources) (Wikipedia:Verifiability) (This claim needs references to better sources. (December 2018)) better source needed   ]    Scholarly views  Academics specialising in a wide variety of the social sciences believe that Hezbollah is an example of an Islamic terrorist organisation. Such scholars and research institutes include the following: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walid_Phares) (Walid Phares) Walid Phares , Lebanese-born terrorism scholar and member of the Lebanese (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kataeb_Party) (Kataeb Party) Kataeb Party [ 574]     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_LeVine) (Mark LeVine) Mark LeVine , US historian[ 575]     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avraham_Sela) (Avraham Sela) Avraham Sela , Israeli historian[ 576]     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_S._Wistrich) (Robert S. Wistrich) Robert S. Wistrich , Israeli historian[ 577]     Eyal Zisser, Israeli historian[ 578]     Siamak Khatami, Iranian scholar[ 579]     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rohan_Gunaratna) (Rohan Gunaratna) Rohan Gunaratna , Singaporean scholar[ 433]     Neeru Gaba, Australian scholar[ 580]     Tore Bjørgo, Norwegian scholar[ 581]     Magnus Norell, of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Foundation_for_Democracy) (European Foundation for Democracy) European Foundation for Democracy [ 582]     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Cordesman) (Anthony Cordesman) Anthony Cordesman , of the US (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_Strategic_and_International_Studies) (Center for Strategic and International Studies) Center for Strategic and International Studies [ 583]     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_American_Progress) (Center for American Progress) Center for American Progress [ 584]     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Institute_of_Peace) (United States Institute of Peace) United States Institute of Peace [ 585]        Views of foreign legislators  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Gresham_Barrett) (J. Gresham Barrett) J. Gresham Barrett brought up legislation in the US House of Representatives which, among other things, referred to Hezbollah as a terrorist organisation. Congress members (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Lantos) (Tom Lantos) Tom Lantos , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Saxton) (Jim Saxton) Jim Saxton , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thad_McCotter) (Thad McCotter) Thad McCotter , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Shays) (Chris Shays) Chris Shays , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Boustany) (Charles Boustany) Charles Boustany , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcee_Hastings) (Alcee Hastings) Alcee Hastings , and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Wexler) (Robert Wexler) Robert Wexler referred to Hezbollah as a terrorist organisation in their speeches supporting the legislation.[ 586]    Shortly before a speech by Iraqi Prime Minister (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nouri_al-Maliki) (Nouri al-Maliki) Nouri al-Maliki , U.S. Congressman (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dennis_Hastert) (Dennis Hastert) Dennis Hastert said, "He [Maliki] denounces terrorism, and I have to take him at his word. Hezbollah is a terrorist organisation."[ 587]     In 2011, a bipartisan group of members of US Congress introduced the Hezbollah Anti-Terrorism Act. The act ensures that no US aid to Lebanon will enter the hands of Hezbollah. On the day of the act's introduction, Congressman (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darrell_Issa) (Darrell Issa) Darrell Issa said, "Hezbollah is a terrorist group and a cancer on Lebanon. The Hezbollah Anti-Terrorism Act surgically targets this cancer and will strengthen the position of Lebanese who oppose Hezbollah."[ 588]     In a Sky News interview during the 2006 Lebanon war, British MP (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Galloway) (George Galloway) George Galloway said that Hezbollah is "not a terrorist organisation".[ 589]     Former Swiss member of parliament, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Ziegler) (Jean Ziegler) Jean Ziegler , said in 2006: "I refuse to describe Hezbollah as a terrorist group. It is a national movement of resistance."[ 590]       Electoral performance  Parliament  Election Leading candidate Votes % Seats +/– Government  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992_Lebanese_general_election) (1992 Lebanese general election) 1992  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_Nasrallah) (Hassan Nasrallah) Hassan Nasrallah  — — (#1) 8 / 128     New  Opposition  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1996_Lebanese_general_election) (1996 Lebanese general election) 1996  — — (#3) 7 / 128     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Red_Arrow_Down.svg)    1 Opposition  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000_Lebanese_general_election) (2000 Lebanese general election) 2000  — — (#3) 10 / 128     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg)    3 Opposition  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_Lebanese_general_election) (2005 Lebanese general election) 2005  — — (#4) 14 / 128     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg)    4 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Cabinet_of_Fouad_Siniora) (First Cabinet of Fouad Siniora) Coalition   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_Lebanese_general_election) (2009 Lebanese general election) 2009  — — (#4) 13 / 128     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Red_Arrow_Down.svg)    1 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Cabinet_of_Saad_Hariri) (First Cabinet of Saad Hariri) Coalition   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Lebanese_general_election) (2018 Lebanese general election) 2018  289,174 16.44 (#5) 12 / 128     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Red_Arrow_Down.svg)    1 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Cabinet_of_Saad_Hariri) (Third Cabinet of Saad Hariri) Coalition   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Lebanese_general_election) (2022 Lebanese general election) 2022  335,466 18.56 (#3) 15 / 128     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Green_Arrow_Up_Darker.svg)    3 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Cabinet_of_Najib_Mikati) (Third Cabinet of Najib Mikati) Coalition       See also  (flag)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Lebanon) (Portal:Lebanon) Lebanon portal   (flag)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Iran) (Portal:Iran) Iran portal   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ghadir_logo.png) (icon)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Shia_Islam) (Portal:Shia Islam) Shia Islam portal     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Hezbollah) (Flag of Hezbollah) Flag of Hezbollah  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_equipment_of_Hezbollah) (Military equipment of Hezbollah) Military equipment of Hezbollah  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorism_in_Lebanon) (Terrorism in Lebanon) Terrorism in Lebanon  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jihad_al-Bina) (Jihad al-Bina) Jihad al-Bina  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourist_Landmark_of_the_Resistance) (Tourist Landmark of the Resistance) Mleeta museum  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_Companies) (Peace Companies) Jaysh al-Mahdi (Iraq)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Ashtar_Brigades) (Al-Ashtar Brigades) Al-Ashtar Brigades (Bahrain)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liwa_Assad_Allah_al-Ghalib_fi_al-Iraq_wa_al-Sham) (Liwa Assad Allah al-Ghalib fi al-Iraq wa al-Sham) Liwa Assad Allah (Syria)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbollah_Al-Hejaz) (Hezbollah Al-Hejaz) Hezbollah al-Hejaz (Saudi Arabia)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabireen_Movement) (Sabireen Movement) Harakah al-Sabireen (Palestine)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Bahrain) (Islamic Front for the Liberation of Bahrain) Islamic Front for the Liberation of Bahrain  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Movement_(Nigeria)) (Islamic Movement (Nigeria)) Islamic Movement (Nigeria)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbollah_Movement_in_Iraq) (Hezbollah Movement in Iraq) Hezbollah Movement in Iraq (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kata'ib_Hezbollah) (Kata'ib Hezbollah) Kata'ib Hezbollah  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harakat_Hezbollah_al-Nujaba) (Harakat Hezbollah al-Nujaba) Harakah Hezbollah al-Nujaba  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kata'ib_Sayyid_al-Shuhada) (Kata'ib Sayyid al-Shuhada) Kata'ib Sayyid al-Shuhada  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badr_Organization) (Badr Organization) Badr Organization  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kata'ib_al-Imam_Ali) (Kata'ib al-Imam Ali) Kata'ib al-Imam Ali  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_121) (Unit 121) Unit 121  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmoud_Qamati) (Mahmoud Qamati) Mahmoud Qamati       Notes  Footnotes   ↑   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English) (Help:IPA/English) /(/ˌ/: secondary stress follows) ˌ ('h' in 'hi') h (/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress') ɛ ('z' in 'zoom') z ('b' in 'buy') b (/ə/: 'a' in 'about') ə (/ˈ/: primary stress follows) ˈ ('l' in 'lie') l (/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father') ɑː  /   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key) (Help:Pronunciation respelling key) (English pronunciation respelling) HEZ -bə-LAH   ;[ 15]    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_language) (Arabic language) Arabic : حزب الله , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic) (Romanization of Arabic) romanized :  (Arabic-language romanization) Ḥizbu 'llāh  (./Category:Articles_containing_Arabic-language_text)  , pronounced (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Arabic) (Help:IPA/Arabic) [ ħizbuˈɫːaːh]   (./Category:Pages_with_Arabic_IPA)  , (literal translation) lit.   ' Party of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_in_Islam) (God in Islam) God  '  Other (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic) (Romanization of Arabic) transliterations include Hizbullah  , Hizballah  , Hizbollah , Hezbolla , Hezballah , Hisbollah , Hizbu'llah and Hizb Allah .      Citations  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1327269900)   ↑   (https://www.dawn.com/news/1980967) "Hezbollah's Qassem pledges allegiance to Iran's new leader Mojtaba Khamenei" . Dawn . 11 March 2026. Retrieved 13 March 2026 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Dawn&rft.atitle=Hezbollah%E2%80%99s+Qassem+pledges+allegiance+to+Iran%E2%80%99s+new+leader+Mojtaba+Khamenei&rft.date=2026-03-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dawn.com%2Fnews%2F1980967&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://thisisbeirut.com.lb/articles/1304773/is-hezbollah-reshuffling-its-leadership-with-new-appointments) "Is Hezbollah Reshuffling Its Leadership with New Appointments?" . This is Beirut . Retrieved 29 June 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=This+is+Beirut&rft.atitle=Is+Hezbollah+Reshuffling+Its+Leadership+with+New+Appointments%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthisisbeirut.com.lb%2Farticles%2F1304773%2Fis-hezbollah-reshuffling-its-leadership-with-new-appointments&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Beeri, Tal (12 January 2025). (https://israel-alma.org/ali-damoush-the-new-head-of-hezbollahs-executive-council/) "Ali Damoush - The New Head of Hezbollah's Executive Council" . Alma Research and Education Center . Retrieved 29 June 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Alma+Research+and+Education+Center&rft.atitle=Ali+Damoush+-+The+New+Head+of+Hezbollah%27s+Executive+Council&rft.date=2025-01-12&rft.aulast=Beeri&rft.aufirst=Tal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fisrael-alma.org%2Fali-damoush-the-new-head-of-hezbollahs-executive-council%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://www.naharnet.com/stories/en/37247) "Fadlallah Hits Back at March 14 over Karam Release, Marouni Slams 'Treason Accusations' " . Naharnet. 18 April 2013. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Fadlallah+Hits+Back+at+March+14+over+Karam+Release%2C+Marouni+Slams+%27Treason+Accusations%27&rft.pub=Naharnet&rft.date=2013-04-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.naharnet.com%2Fstories%2Fen%2F37247&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Dalacoura, Katerina (2012). (https://books.google.com/books?id=PlTKrMFyawoC&pg=PA66) "Islamist Terrorism and National Liberation: Hamas and Hizbullah" . Islamist Terrorism and Democracy in the Middle East . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge) (Cambridge) Cambridge : (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press) (Cambridge University Press) Cambridge University Press . pp. 66– 96. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) (Doi (identifier)) doi :(https://doi.org/10.1017%2FCBO9780511977367.004) 10.1017/CBO9780511977367.004 . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-511-97736-7) (Special:BookSources/978-0-511-97736-7) 978-0-511-97736-7  . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)) (LCCN (identifier)) LCCN  (https://lccn.loc.gov/2010047275) 2010047275 . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) (S2CID (identifier)) S2CID  (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:150958046) 150958046 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Islamist+Terrorism+and+National+Liberation%3A+Hamas+and+Hizbullah&rft.btitle=Islamist+Terrorism+and+Democracy+in+the+Middle+East&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=66-96&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FCBO9780511977367.004&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A150958046%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2010047275&rft.isbn=978-0-511-97736-7&rft.aulast=Dalacoura&rft.aufirst=Katerina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPlTKrMFyawoC%26pg%3DPA66&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Stepanova, Ekaterina (2008). (https://web.archive.org/web/20160310143530/http://books.sipri.org/files/RR/SIPRIRR23.pdf) Terrorism in Asymmetrical Conflict: Ideological and Structural Aspects  (PDF) . Oxford University Press. p. 113. Archived from (http://books.sipri.org/files/RR/SIPRIRR23.pdf) the original (PDF) on 10 March 2016. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Terrorism+in+Asymmetrical+Conflict%3A+Ideological+and+Structural+Aspects&rft.pages=113&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Stepanova&rft.aufirst=Ekaterina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.sipri.org%2Ffiles%2FRR%2FSIPRIRR23.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    1  2  3   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Philip Smyth (February 2015). (https://web.archive.org/web/20150402150705/http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/uploads/Documents/pubs/PolicyFocus138_Smyth-2.pdf) The Shiite Jihad in Syria and Its Regional Effects (PDF) (Report). The Washington Institute for Near East Studies. pp. 7– 8. Archived from (http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/uploads/Documents/pubs/PolicyFocus138_Smyth-2.pdf) the original (PDF) on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 13 March 2015 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=The+Shiite+Jihad+in+Syria+and+Its+Regional+Effects&rft.pages=7-8&rft.pub=The+Washington+Institute+for+Near+East+Studies&rft.date=2015-02&rft.au=Philip+Smyth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtoninstitute.org%2Fuploads%2FDocuments%2Fpubs%2FPolicyFocus138_Smyth-2.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Elie Alagha, Joseph (2011). (https://books.google.com/books?id=b0ntL1fUi8kC&pg=PA15) Hizbullah's Documents: From the 1985 Open Letter to the 2009 Manifesto  . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amsterdam_University_Press) (Amsterdam University Press) Amsterdam University Press . pp. 15, 20. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-8555-037-2) (Special:BookSources/978-90-8555-037-2) 978-90-8555-037-2  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hizbullah%27s+Documents%3A+From+the+1985+Open+Letter+to+the+2009+Manifesto&rft.pages=15%2C+20&rft.pub=Amsterdam+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-90-8555-037-2&rft.aulast=Elie+Alagha&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Db0ntL1fUi8kC%26pg%3DPA15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Shehata, Samer (2012). (https://books.google.com/books?id=hhl_E-XAeLYC&pg=PA176) Islamist Politics in the Middle East: Movements and Change  . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routledge) (Routledge) Routledge . p. 176. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-78361-3) (Special:BookSources/978-0-415-78361-3) 978-0-415-78361-3  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islamist+Politics+in+the+Middle+East%3A+Movements+and+Change&rft.pages=176&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-415-78361-3&rft.aulast=Shehata&rft.aufirst=Samer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dhhl_E-XAeLYC%26pg%3DPA176&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  El Husseinia, Rola (2010). "Hezbollah and the Axis of Refusal: Hamas, Iran and Syria". Third World Quarterly . 31 (5): 803– 815. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) (Doi (identifier)) doi :(https://doi.org/10.1080%2F01436597.2010.502695) 10.1080/01436597.2010.502695 . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) (S2CID (identifier)) S2CID  (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:219628295) 219628295 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Third+World+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Hezbollah+and+the+Axis+of+Refusal%3A+Hamas%2C+Iran+and+Syria&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=803-815&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F01436597.2010.502695&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A219628295%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=El+Husseinia&rft.aufirst=Rola&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    1  2  3  4   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Joshua L. Gleis; Benedetta Berti (2012). (https://books.google.com/books?id=vYBtwkj78BUC&pg=PT63) Hezbollah and Hamas: A Comparative Study  . JHU Press. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4214-0671-8) (Special:BookSources/978-1-4214-0671-8) 978-1-4214-0671-8  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hezbollah+and+Hamas%3A+A+Comparative+Study&rft.pub=JHU+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-4214-0671-8&rft.au=Joshua+L.+Gleis&rft.au=Benedetta+Berti&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvYBtwkj78BUC%26pg%3DPT63&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.iemed.org/publication/hezbollah-and-the-lebanese-popular-movement/) "Hezbollah and the Lebanese Popular Movement" . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hezbollah+and+the+Lebanese+Popular+Movement&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iemed.org%2Fpublication%2Fhezbollah-and-the-lebanese-popular-movement%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Salamey, Imad; Pearson, Frederic (2007). (Paid subscription required) (https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09592310701674358) "Hezbollah: A Proletarian Party with an Islamic Manifesto – A Sociopolitical Analysis of Islamist Populism in Lebanon and the Middle East"  . Small Wars & Insurgencies . 18 (3): 416– 438. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) (Doi (identifier)) doi :(https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09592310701674358) 10.1080/09592310701674358 . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) (ISSN (identifier)) ISSN  (https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0959-2318) 0959-2318 . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) (S2CID (identifier)) S2CID  (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143896155) 143896155 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Small+Wars+%26+Insurgencies&rft.atitle=Hezbollah%3A+A+Proletarian+Party+with+an+Islamic+Manifesto+%E2%80%93+A+Sociopolitical+Analysis+of+Islamist+Populism+in+Lebanon+and+the+Middle+East&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=416-438&rft.date=2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143896155%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0959-2318&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F09592310701674358&rft.aulast=Salamey&rft.aufirst=Imad&rft.au=Pearson%2C+Frederic&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1080%2F09592310701674358&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20210308112628/http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-Elections/2018/May-09/448707-interior-ministry-releases-numbers-of-votes-for-new-mp.ashx) "Interior Ministry releases numbers of votes for new MPs" . The Daily Star . 9 May 2018. Archived from (http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-Elections/2018/May-09/448707-interior-ministry-releases-numbers-of-votes-for-new-mp.ashx) the original on 8 March 2021. Retrieved 24 October 2019 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=Interior+Ministry+releases+numbers+of+votes+for+new+MPs&rft.date=2018-05-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailystar.com.lb%2FNews%2FLebanon-Elections%2F2018%2FMay-09%2F448707-interior-ministry-releases-numbers-of-votes-for-new-mp.ashx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/what-hezbollah) "What Is Hezbollah?" . Council on Foreign Relations . 22 January 2020. Retrieved 17 December 2023 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Council+on+Foreign+Relations&rft.atitle=What+Is+Hezbollah%3F&rft.date=2020-01-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cfr.org%2Fbackgrounder%2Fwhat-hezbollah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    1  2    (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/hezbollah) "Hezbollah" . The Collins English Dictionary . Glasgow: HarperCollins. 2013. Retrieved 7 May 2013 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hezbollah&rft.btitle=The+Collins+English+Dictionary&rft.place=Glasgow&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.collinsdictionary.com%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Fhezbollah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.yourdictionary.com/hezbollah) "Hezbollah" . Webster's New World College Dictionary . Cleveland: Wiley Publishing, Inc. 2012. Retrieved 7 May 2013 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hezbollah&rft.btitle=Webster%27s+New+World+College+Dictionary&rft.place=Cleveland&rft.pub=Wiley+Publishing%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2012&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yourdictionary.com%2Fhezbollah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)       ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.britannica.com/topic/Hezbollah) "Hezbollah" . Encyclopædia Britannica . 15 December 2023. Retrieved 17 December 2023 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Hezbollah&rft.date=2023-12-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FHezbollah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.arabnews.jp/en/middle-east/article_165153/) "MPs, parties welcome Lebanon's decision to ban Hezbollah's military wing" . Arab News Japan . Retrieved 30 March 2026 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Arab+News+Japan&rft.atitle=MPs%2C+parties+welcome+Lebanon%E2%80%99s+decision+to+ban+Hezbollah%E2%80%99s+military+wing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.arabnews.jp%2Fen%2Fmiddle-east%2Farticle_165153%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/3/2/lebanese-pm-nawaf-salam-announces-ban-on-hezbollah-military-activities) "Lebanon bans Hezbollah's military activities after rocket attack on Israel" . Al Jazeera . Retrieved 30 March 2026 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Lebanon+bans+Hezbollah%E2%80%99s+military+activities+after+rocket+attack+on+Israel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2026%2F3%2F2%2Flebanese-pm-nawaf-salam-announces-ban-on-hezbollah-military-activities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2026/03/02/lebanon-bans-hezbollah-s-armed-wing-after-rocket-fire_6751019_4.html) "Lebanon bans Hezbollah's armed wing after rocket fire" . 2026. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Lebanon+bans+Hezbollah%27s+armed+wing+after+rocket+fire&rft.date=2026&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fen%2Finternational%2Farticle%2F2026%2F03%2F02%2Flebanon-bans-hezbollah-s-armed-wing-after-rocket-fire_6751019_4.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israeli-military-says-projectiles-were-fired-lebanon-2026-03-01/) "Lebanon bans Hezbollah military actions after attack on Israel" . 2026. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Lebanon+bans+Hezbollah+military+actions+after+attack+on+Israel&rft.date=2026&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fisraeli-military-says-projectiles-were-fired-lebanon-2026-03-01%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Al Jazeera Staff (2 March 2026). (https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/3/2/lebanese-pm-nawaf-salam-announces-ban-on-hezbollah-military-activities) "Lebanese PM bans Hezbollah's military activities after attack on Israel" . Al Jazeera . Retrieved 5 August 2026 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Lebanese+PM+bans+Hezbollah%E2%80%99s+military+activities+after+attack+on+Israel&rft.date=2026-03-02&rft.au=Al+Jazeera+Staff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2026%2F3%2F2%2Flebanese-pm-nawaf-salam-announces-ban-on-hezbollah-military-activities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Levitt) (Matthew Levitt) Levitt, Matthew (2013). (https://books.google.com/books?id=yTJeAQAAQBAJ&q=jihad+council+hezbollah&pg=PA14) Hezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God  . Hurst Publishers. p. 15. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84904-333-5) (Special:BookSources/978-1-84904-333-5) 978-1-84904-333-5  . ... the Jihad Council coordinates 'resistance activity'.  (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hezbollah%3A+The+Global+Footprint+of+Lebanon%27s+Party+of+God&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=Hurst+Publishers&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-84904-333-5&rft.aulast=Levitt&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyTJeAQAAQBAJ%26q%3Djihad%2Bcouncil%2Bhezbollah%26pg%3DPA14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Ghattas Saab, Antoine (15 May 2014). (http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-News/2014/May-15/256484-hezbollah-cutting-costs-as-iranian-aid-dries-up.ashx) "Hezbollah cutting costs as Iranian aid dries up" . The Daily Star . Retrieved 1 June 2014 . ... Hezbollah's military wing ... Known as the 'Jihad Council'   (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=Hezbollah+cutting+costs+as+Iranian+aid+dries+up&rft.date=2014-05-15&rft.aulast=Ghattas+Saab&rft.aufirst=Antoine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailystar.com.lb%2FNews%2FLebanon-News%2F2014%2FMay-15%2F256484-hezbollah-cutting-costs-as-iranian-aid-dries-up.ashx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20220408153940/http://www.haaretz.com/st/c/prod/eng/2016/07/lebanon2/) "Hezbollah: Not a terror group but a midsized army" . Haaretz . August 2016. Archived from (https://www.haaretz.com/st/c/prod/eng/2016/07/lebanon2/) the original on 8 April 2022. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Hezbollah%3A+Not+a+terror+group+but+a+midsized+army&rft.date=2016-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fst%2Fc%2Fprod%2Feng%2F2016%2F07%2Flebanon2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Levitt, Matthew (2013). Hezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God (1st ed.). Washington, D.C.: |publisher=Georgetown University Press. pp. 11– 12. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781626160132) (Special:BookSources/9781626160132) 9781626160132  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hezbollah%3A+The+Global+Footprint+of+Lebanon%27s+Party+of+God&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pages=11-12&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=%7Cpublisher%3DGeorgetown+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9781626160132&rft.aulast=Levitt&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    1  2  3  4   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/4314423.stm) "Who Are Hezbollah?" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_News) (BBC News) BBC News  . 21 May 2008. Retrieved 15 August 2008 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Who+Are+Hezbollah%3F&rft.date=2008-05-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fmiddle_east%2F4314423.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Norton, Augustus Richard (2018). Hezbollah: A Short History (3rd ed.). |location=Princeton, New Jersey: |publisher=Princeton University Press. pp. 17– 35. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780691180885) (Special:BookSources/9780691180885) 9780691180885  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hezbollah%3A+A+Short+History&rft.place=%7Clocation%3DPrinceton%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pages=17-35&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=%7Cpublisher%3DPrinceton+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9780691180885&rft.aulast=Norton&rft.aufirst=Augustus+Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/what-is-irans-axis-resistance-which-groups-are-involved-2024-01-29/) "What is Iran's 'Axis of Resistance'?" . Reuters . (https://web.archive.org/web/20241208210130/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/what-is-irans-axis-resistance-which-groups-are-involved-2024-01-29/) Archived from the original on 8 December 2024. Retrieved 8 January 2026 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=What+is+Iran%27s+%27Axis+of+Resistance%27%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fwhat-is-irans-axis-resistance-which-groups-are-involved-2024-01-29%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Adam Shatz (29 April 2004). (https://web.archive.org/web/20060822195222/http://www.nybooks.com/articles/17060) "In Search of Hezbollah" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Review_of_Books) (The New York Review of Books) The New York Review of Books  . 51 (7). Archived from (http://www.nybooks.com/articles/17060) the original on 22 August 2006. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Review+of+Books&rft.atitle=In+Search+of+Hezbollah&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=7&rft.date=2004-04-29&rft.au=Adam+Shatz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nybooks.com%2Farticles%2F17060&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Itamar Rabinovich (2008). (https://books.google.com/books?id=iVJR9UZnTVAC&pg=PA425) Israel in the Middle East  . UPNE. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87451-962-4) (Special:BookSources/978-0-87451-962-4) 978-0-87451-962-4  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Israel+in+the+Middle+East&rft.pub=UPNE&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-87451-962-4&rft.au=Itamar+Rabinovich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiVJR9UZnTVAC%26pg%3DPA425&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Lopez, German (24 September 2024). (https://www.nytimes.com/2024/09/24/briefing/israel-hezbollah-lebanon.html) "Israel's Strikes on Lebanon" . The New York Times . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Israel%27s+Strikes+on+Lebanon&rft.date=2024-09-24&rft.aulast=Lopez&rft.aufirst=German&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2024%2F09%2F24%2Fbriefing%2Fisrael-hezbollah-lebanon.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Barnard, Anne (3 January 2014). (https://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/04/world/middleeast/mystery-in-hezbollah-operatives-life-and-death.html) "Mystery in Hezbollah Operatives Life and Death" . The New York Times . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Mystery+in+Hezbollah+Operatives+Life+and+Death&rft.date=2014-01-03&rft.aulast=Barnard&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F01%2F04%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fmystery-in-hezbollah-operatives-life-and-death.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    1  2  3   Berti, Benedetta. "The "Rebirth" of Hizbollah: Analyzing the 2009 Manifesto." Strategic Assessment 12, no. 12 (2010): 91-100.  1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Ladki, Nadim (30 November 2009). (https://www.reuters.com/article/world/hezbollah-cuts-islamist-rhetoric-in-new-manifesto-idUSTRE5AT3VK/) "Hezbollah cuts Islamist rhetoric in new manifesto" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuters) (Reuters) Reuters  . Reuters. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Hezbollah+cuts+Islamist+rhetoric+in+new+manifesto&rft.date=2009-11-30&rft.aulast=Ladki&rft.aufirst=Nadim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fworld%2Fhezbollah-cuts-islamist-rhetoric-in-new-manifesto-idUSTRE5AT3VK%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Deeb, Lara (31 July 2006). (https://web.archive.org/web/20111019062730/http://merip.org/mero/mero073106) "Hizballah: A Primer" . Archived from (http://www.merip.org/mero/mero073106) the original on 19 October 2011. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hizballah%3A+A+Primer&rft.date=2006-07-31&rft.aulast=Deeb&rft.aufirst=Lara&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merip.org%2Fmero%2Fmero073106&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Stroul, Dana (23 September 2024). (https://www.foreignaffairs.com/israel/israel-and-hezbollah-are-escalating-toward-catastrophe) "Israel and Hezbollah Are Escalating Toward Catastrophe" . Foreign Affairs . Retrieved 29 September 2024 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Affairs&rft.atitle=Israel+and+Hezbollah+Are+Escalating+Toward+Catastrophe&rft.date=2024-09-23&rft.aulast=Stroul&rft.aufirst=Dana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foreignaffairs.com%2Fisrael%2Fisrael-and-hezbollah-are-escalating-toward-catastrophe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Barnard, Anne (20 May 2013). (https://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/21/world/middleeast/syria-developments.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0) "Hezbollah's Role in Syria War Shakes the Lebanese" . The New York Times . Retrieved 20 June 2013 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Hezbollah%27s+Role+in+Syria+War+Shakes+the+Lebanese&rft.date=2013-05-20&rft.aulast=Barnard&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F05%2F21%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fsyria-developments.html%3Fpagewanted%3Dall%26_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  El Deeb, Sarah (18 October 2021). (https://apnews.com/article/middle-east-lebanon-beirut-civil-wars-hassan-nasrallah-a3c10d99cca2ef1c3d58dae135297025) "Hezbollah leader declares his group has 100,000 fighters" . Associated Press News . Retrieved 21 October 2021 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press+News&rft.atitle=Hezbollah+leader+declares+his+group+has+100%2C000+fighters&rft.date=2021-10-18&rft.aulast=El+Deeb&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fmiddle-east-lebanon-beirut-civil-wars-hassan-nasrallah-a3c10d99cca2ef1c3d58dae135297025&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://news.un.org/en/story/2020/12/1079892) "Lebanon: UN-backed tribunal sentences Hezbollah militant in Hariri assassination" . UN News . 11 December 2020. Retrieved 10 December 2024 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UN+News&rft.atitle=Lebanon%3A+UN-backed+tribunal+sentences+Hezbollah+militant+in+Hariri+assassination&rft.date=2020-12-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.un.org%2Fen%2Fstory%2F2020%2F12%2F1079892&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-60691507) "Rafik Hariri killing: Hezbollah duo convicted of 2005 bombing on appeal" . 10 March 2022. Retrieved 10 December 2024 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Rafik+Hariri+killing%3A+Hezbollah+duo+convicted+of+2005+bombing+on+appeal&rft.date=2022-03-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-60691507&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Laverty, Rory; Lamothe, Dan (21 September 2024). (https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2024/09/21/beirut-bombings-marines-hezbollah/) "For Americans scarred by Beirut bombings, a measure of delayed justice" . The Washington Post . Hezbollah was founded in 1982, as violence against U.S. troops in Lebanon spiked. In addition to its roles in the major bombings of 1983, the militant group was involved in the bombing of the U.S. Embassy annex in Beirut in 1984 that killed 23 people, the hijacking of TWA Flight 847 in 1985 and the Khobar Towers attack in Saudi Arabia in 1996 that killed 19 U.S. airmen, according to the Office of the Director of National Intelligence.  (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=For+Americans+scarred+by+Beirut+bombings%2C+a+measure+of+delayed+justice&rft.date=2024-09-21&rft.aulast=Laverty&rft.aufirst=Rory&rft.au=Lamothe%2C+Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnational-security%2F2024%2F09%2F21%2Fbeirut-bombings-marines-hezbollah%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Lopez, German (24 September 2024). (https://www.nytimes.com/2024/09/24/briefing/israel-hezbollah-lebanon.html) "Israel's Strikes on Lebanon" . The New York Times . Hezbollah first gained international notoriety in 1983, when it blew up the American embassy in Beirut, Lebanon's capital, and later American and French barracks there.  (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Israel%27s+Strikes+on+Lebanon&rft.date=2024-09-24&rft.aulast=Lopez&rft.aufirst=German&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2024%2F09%2F24%2Fbriefing%2Fisrael-hezbollah-lebanon.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    1  2   Farida 2019 , p. 1-2.  1  2   Daher 2019 , p. 8.  1  2   Al-Aloosy 2020 , p. 43, 74.  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Kanter, James; Rudoren, Jodi (22 July 2013). (https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/23/world/middleeast/european-union-adds-hezbollah-wing-to-terror-list.html) "European Union Adds Military Wing of Hezbollah to List of Terrorist Organisations" . The New York Times . Retrieved 4 September 2013 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=European+Union+Adds+Military+Wing+of+Hezbollah+to+List+of+Terrorist+Organisations&rft.date=2013-07-22&rft.au=Kanter%2C+James&rft.au=Rudoren%2C+Jodi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F07%2F23%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Feuropean-union-adds-hezbollah-wing-to-terror-list.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Roche, MaryClare; Robbins, Michael (12 July 2024). (https://www.foreignaffairs.com/lebanon/what-lebanese-people-really-think-hezbollah) "What the Lebanese People Really Think of Hezbollah" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_Affairs) (Foreign Affairs) Foreign Affairs  . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) (ISSN (identifier)) ISSN  (https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0015-7120) 0015-7120 . Retrieved 28 September 2024 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Affairs&rft.atitle=What+the+Lebanese+People+Really+Think+of+Hezbollah&rft.date=2024-07-12&rft.issn=0015-7120&rft.aulast=Roche&rft.aufirst=MaryClare&rft.au=Robbins%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foreignaffairs.com%2Flebanon%2Fwhat-lebanese-people-really-think-hezbollah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/9/5/lebanons-cabinet-welcomes-army-plan-to-disarm-hezbollah-gives-no-timeline) "Lebanon's cabinet welcomes army plan to disarm Hezbollah, gives no timeline" . Al Jazeera . 5 September 2025. Retrieved 10 September 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Lebanon%27s+cabinet+welcomes+army+plan+to+disarm+Hezbollah%2C+gives+no+timeline&rft.date=2025-09-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2025%2F9%2F5%2Flebanons-cabinet-welcomes-army-plan-to-disarm-hezbollah-gives-no-timeline&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://apnews.com/article/lebanon-hezbollah-disarmament-cabinet-army-f7408f7e40f363fc5d951d235ac3cc0e) "Shiite ministers walk out as Lebanon's Cabinet debates army plan to disarm Hezbollah" . AP News . 5 September 2025. Retrieved 10 September 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP+News&rft.atitle=Shiite+ministers+walk+out+as+Lebanon%27s+Cabinet+debates+army+plan+to+disarm+Hezbollah&rft.date=2025-09-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Flebanon-hezbollah-disarmament-cabinet-army-f7408f7e40f363fc5d951d235ac3cc0e&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.lorientlejour.com/article/1496805/tirs-du-hezbollah-aoun-avertit-contre-lutilisation-du-liban-comme-plateforme-pour-des-guerres-de-soutien-.html) "« Rébellion » et « pure folie » : au Liban, les responsables condamnent en bloc les tirs du Hezbollah sur Israël" . L'Orient-Le Jour (in French). 2 March 2026. Retrieved 2 March 2026 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=L%27Orient-Le+Jour&rft.atitle=%C2%AB+R%C3%A9bellion+%C2%BB+et+%C2%AB+pure+folie+%C2%BB+%3A+au+Liban%2C+les+responsables+condamnent+en+bloc+les+tirs+du+Hezbollah+sur+Isra%C3%ABl&rft.date=2026-03-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lorientlejour.com%2Farticle%2F1496805%2Ftirs-du-hezbollah-aoun-avertit-contre-lutilisation-du-liban-comme-plateforme-pour-des-guerres-de-soutien-.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)  (./Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr))    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.lbcgroup.tv/news/lebanon-news/909135/lbci-lebanon-articles/en) "PM Salam affirms no military action outside state authority in rebuke to Hezbollah" . LBCIV7 . Retrieved 2 March 2026 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LBCIV7&rft.atitle=PM+Salam+affirms+no+military+action+outside+state+authority+in+rebuke+to+Hezbollah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lbcgroup.tv%2Fnews%2Flebanon-news%2F909135%2Flbci-lebanon-articles%2Fen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    1  2   Al-Aloosy 2020 , p. 176-177.  1  2   Farida 2019 , p. 2.  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  10  11   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Adam Shatz (29 April 2004). (https://web.archive.org/web/20060822195222/http://www.nybooks.com/articles/17060) "In Search of Hezbollah" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Review_of_Books) (The New York Review of Books) The New York Review of Books  . 51 (7). Archived from (http://www.nybooks.com/articles/17060) the original on 22 August 2006. Retrieved 14 August 2006 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Review+of+Books&rft.atitle=In+Search+of+Hezbollah&rft.volume=51&rft.issue=7&rft.date=2004-04-29&rft.au=Adam+Shatz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nybooks.com%2Farticles%2F17060&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20060927093727/http://www.cfr.org/publication/9155/) "Hezbollah (a.k.a., Hizbollah, Hizbu'llah)" . Council on Foreign Relations. Archived from (http://www.cfr.org/publication/9155/) the original on 27 September 2006. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hezbollah+%28a.k.a.%2C+Hizbollah%2C+Hizbu%27llah%29&rft.pub=Council+on+Foreign+Relations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cfr.org%2Fpublication%2F9155%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Morley, Jefferson (17 July 2006). (https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/07/17/AR2006071700912.html) "What Is Hezbollah?" . The Washington Post . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=What+Is+Hezbollah%3F&rft.date=2006-07-17&rft.aulast=Morley&rft.aufirst=Jefferson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2006%2F07%2F17%2FAR2006071700912.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Westcott, Kathryn (4 April 2002). (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/1908671.stm) "Who are Hezbollah?" . BBC News . Retrieved 23 September 2024 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Who+are+Hezbollah%3F&rft.date=2002-04-04&rft.aulast=Westcott&rft.aufirst=Kathryn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fmiddle_east%2F1908671.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   Diaz & Newman, 2005, p. 55  ↑   Helena Cobban, Boston Review (http://bostonreview.net/BR30.2/cobban.html) Hizbullah's New Face (https://web.archive.org/web/20090712050456/http://bostonreview.net/BR30.2/cobban.html) Archived 12 July 2009 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)  Accessed 14 August 2006  1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://2001-2009.state.gov/s/ct/rls/rpt/fto/2801.htm) "Background Information on Foreign Terrorist Organisations" . U.S. Department of State. 1 October 1999. Retrieved 25 July 2006 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Background+Information+on+Foreign+Terrorist+Organisations&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+State&rft.date=1999-10-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F2001-2009.state.gov%2Fs%2Fct%2Frls%2Frpt%2Ffto%2F2801.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/1990_1999/1996/4/HIZBULLAH+-+11-Apr-96.htm) "Hizbullah" . Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 11 April 1996. Retrieved 25 July 2006 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hizbullah&rft.pub=Israel+Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs&rft.date=1996-04-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfa.gov.il%2FMFA%2FMFAArchive%2F1990_1999%2F1996%2F4%2FHIZBULLAH%2B-%2B11-Apr-96.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20120118214555/http://www.gazette.gc.ca/archives/p2/2003/2003-02-13-x/pdf/g2-137x1.pdf) "SOR/2003-53: Criminal Code; Regulations Amending the Regulations Establishing a List of Entities" (PDF) . Canada Gazette Part II . 137 (1 extra): 1. 12 February 2003. Archived from (http://www.gazette.gc.ca/archives/p2/2003/2003-02-13-x/pdf/g2-137x1.pdf) the original (PDF) on 18 January 2012. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Canada+Gazette+Part+II&rft.atitle=SOR%2F2003-53%3A+Criminal+Code%3B+Regulations+Amending+the+Regulations+Establishing+a+List+of+Entities&rft.volume=137&rft.issue=1+extra&rft.pages=1&rft.date=2003-02-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gazette.gc.ca%2Farchives%2Fp2%2F2003%2F2003-02-13-x%2Fpdf%2Fg2-137x1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Fisk) (Robert Fisk) Fisk, Robert (2001). (https://books.google.com/books?id=VrXpeELOUNsC) Pity the Nation: Lebanon at War  . Oxford University Press. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-280130-2) (Special:BookSources/978-0-19-280130-2) 978-0-19-280130-2  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pity+the+Nation%3A+Lebanon+at+War&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-19-280130-2&rft.aulast=Fisk&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVrXpeELOUNsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Shapira, Shimon (10 August 2020). (https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/israel-middle-east/articles/struggle-israel-hezbollah) "Inside the Struggle Between Israel and Hezbollah" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tablet_(magazine)) (Tablet (magazine)) Tablet  . Retrieved 14 March 2024 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tablet&rft.atitle=Inside+the+Struggle+Between+Israel+and+Hezbollah&rft.date=2020-08-10&rft.aulast=Shapira&rft.aufirst=Shimon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tabletmag.com%2Fsections%2Fisrael-middle-east%2Farticles%2Fstruggle-israel-hezbollah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (Paid subscription required) (https://www.lbcgroup.tv/news/breaking-news/265367/hezbollah-chief-marking-one-week-since-badreddines/en) "Hezbollah chief marking one week since Badreddine's killing: Mustafa was the first to fight Israeli military in Khalde battle"  . LBC International . 20 May 2016. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=LBC+International&rft.atitle=Hezbollah+chief+marking+one+week+since+Badreddine%27s+killing%3A+Mustafa+was+the+first+to+fight+Israeli+military+in+Khalde+battle&rft.date=2016-05-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lbcgroup.tv%2Fnews%2Fbreaking-news%2F265367%2Fhezbollah-chief-marking-one-week-since-badreddines%2Fen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Shlaim, Avi (2001). "The Lebanese Quagmire 1981–1984". The Iron Wall: Israel and the Arab World . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W.W._Norton) (W.W. Norton) W.W. Norton . pp. 384– 423. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-393-32112-8) (Special:BookSources/978-0-393-32112-8) 978-0-393-32112-8  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Lebanese+Quagmire+1981%E2%80%931984&rft.btitle=The+Iron+Wall%3A+Israel+and+the+Arab+World&rft.pages=384-423&rft.pub=W.W.+Norton&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-393-32112-8&rft.aulast=Shlaim&rft.aufirst=Avi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Norton, Augustus (2009). (https://books.google.com/books?id=x0MZOnnu8qcC&q=Hezbollah%20a%20short%20history&pg=PP1) Hezbollah: A Short History  . Princeton University Press. p. 33. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-13124-5) (Special:BookSources/978-0-691-13124-5) 978-0-691-13124-5  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hezbollah%3A+A+Short+History&rft.pages=33&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-691-13124-5&rft.aulast=Norton&rft.aufirst=Augustus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dx0MZOnnu8qcC%26q%3DHezbollah%2520a%2520short%2520history%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Pape) (Robert Pape) Pape, Robert (2005). (https://archive.org/details/dyingtowinstrate00pape) Dying to win: the strategic logic of suicide terrorism  . New York: Random House. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4000-6317-8) (Special:BookSources/978-1-4000-6317-8) 978-1-4000-6317-8  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dying+to+win%3A+the+strategic+logic+of+suicide+terrorism&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-1-4000-6317-8&rft.aulast=Pape&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdyingtowinstrate00pape&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)  Specifically: "Suicide Terrorist Campaigns, 1980–2003", Appendix 1. (p. 253 of Australian paperback edition, published by Scribe Publications)  1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  H. CON. RES. 190, 1st session 101st congress (4 August 1989). (https://web.archive.org/web/20160704232744/http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?c101:H.CON.RES.190:) "Expressing the sense of the Congress over the reported murder of Lieutenant Colonel William Higgins and Hezbollah-sponsored terrorism" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Library_of_Congress) (The Library of Congress) The Library of Congress . Archived from (http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/z?c101:H.CON.RES.190:) the original on 4 July 2016. Retrieved 8 August 2006 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Expressing+the+sense+of+the+Congress+over+the+reported+murder+of+Lieutenant+Colonel+William+Higgins+and+Hezbollah-sponsored+terrorism.&rft.pub=The+Library+of+Congress&rft.date=1989-08-04&rft.au=H.+CON.+RES.+190%2C+1st+session+101st+congress&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthomas.loc.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2Fquery%2Fz%3Fc101%3AH.CON.RES.190%3A&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)  {{(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_web) (Template:Cite web) cite web }} :  CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list) (Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list) link ) (./Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list)    1  2  3   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-14649284) "Lebanon profile" . BBC News. 3 September 2013. Retrieved 5 September 2013 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Lebanon+profile&rft.date=2013-09-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-14649284&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Harnden, Tony (21 February 2004). (https://web.archive.org/web/20060721222037/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fnews%2F2004%2F02%2F21%2Fwhizb21.xml&sSheet=%2Fnews%2F2004%2F02%2F21%2Fixworld.html) "Video games attract young to Hizbollah" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) (The Daily Telegraph) The Daily Telegraph  . London. Archived from (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2004/02/21/whizb21.xml&sSheet=/news/2004/02/21/ixworld.html) the original on 21 July 2006. Retrieved 20 October 2012 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Video+games+attract+young+to+Hizbollah&rft.date=2004-02-21&rft.aulast=Harnden&rft.aufirst=Tony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fmain.jhtml%3Fxml%3D%2Fnews%2F2004%2F02%2F21%2Fwhizb21.xml%26sSheet%3D%2Fnews%2F2004%2F02%2F21%2Fixworld.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    1  2  3  4  5   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2002/10/14/021014fa_fact4?currentPage=4) "In the Party of God: Are terrorists in Lebanon preparing for a larger war? by Jeffrey Goldberg" . The New Yorker . 14 October 2002. Retrieved 3 March 2007 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=In+the+Party+of+God%3A+Are+terrorists+in+Lebanon+preparing+for+a+larger+war%3F+by+Jeffrey+Goldberg&rft.date=2002-10-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Farchive%2F2002%2F10%2F14%2F021014fa_fact4%3FcurrentPage%3D4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   Ranstorp (1998)  ↑   Alagha (2006), pp. 41–44  ↑   Alagha (2006), p. 47  ↑   Marius Deeb, "Militant Islamic Movements in Lebanon: Origins, Social Basis, and Ideology", Occasional Paper Series (Washington, DC, Georgetown University, 1986) p. 19  ↑   al-Nahar, 7 September 1985  ↑   al-Nahar al-Arabi , 10 June  ↑   Ma'aretz , 16 December 1983  ↑   Le Point , 30 July 1987  ↑   al-Shira , 28 August 1988  ↑   Nouveau Magazine , 23 July 1988  1  2  3  4  5   Ranstorp (1997)  ↑   see also (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Bates, John D. (Presiding) (September 2003). (https://web.archive.org/web/20051231142249/http://www.dcd.uscourts.gov/01-2224.pdf) "Anne Dammarell et al. v. Islamic Republic of Iran" (PDF) . District of Columbia, U.S.: The United States District Court for the District of Columbia. Archived from (http://www.dcd.uscourts.gov/01-2224.pdf) the original (PDF) on 31 December 2005. Retrieved 21 September 2006 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Anne+Dammarell+et+al.+v.+Islamic+Republic+of+Iran&rft.place=District+of+Columbia%2C+U.S.&rft.pub=The+United+States+District+Court+for+the+District+of+Columbia&rft.date=2003-09&rft.au=Bates%2C+John+D.+%28Presiding%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dcd.uscourts.gov%2F01-2224.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    1  2  3   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  US Department of State (8 October 1999). (https://2001-2009.state.gov/s/ct/rls/rpt/fto/2801.htm) "Background Information on Foreign Terrorist Organizations" . Retrieved 20 October 2012 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Background+Information+on+Foreign+Terrorist+Organizations&rft.date=1999-10-08&rft.au=US+Department+of+State&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F2001-2009.state.gov%2Fs%2Fct%2Frls%2Frpt%2Ffto%2F2801.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs (11 April 1996). (http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/1990_1999/1996/4/HIZBULLAH+-+11-Apr-96.htm) "Hizbullah" . Retrieved 17 August 2006 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hizbullah&rft.date=1996-04-11&rft.au=Israel+Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfa.gov.il%2FMFA%2FMFAArchive%2F1990_1999%2F1996%2F4%2FHIZBULLAH%2B-%2B11-Apr-96.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/8/10/will-lebanon-succeed-in-disarming-hezbollah) "Will Lebanon succeed in disarming Hezbollah?" . Al Jazeera . Retrieved 11 August 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Will+Lebanon+succeed+in+disarming+Hezbollah%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2025%2F8%2F10%2Fwill-lebanon-succeed-in-disarming-hezbollah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://apnews.com/article/what-is-hezbollahisrael-lebanon-b4daa0a6084df27099cef45b59120034) "What is Hezbollah, the group battling Israel in Lebanon?" . AP News . 24 September 2024. Retrieved 10 October 2024 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP+News&rft.atitle=What+is+Hezbollah%2C+the+group+battling+Israel+in+Lebanon%3F&rft.date=2024-09-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fwhat-is-hezbollahisrael-lebanon-b4daa0a6084df27099cef45b59120034&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://abcnews.go.com/International/hezbollah-lebanese-militant-group/story?id=103864740) "What is Hezbollah? Lebanon's militant group has long been one of Israel's biggest foes" . ABC News . Retrieved 10 October 2024 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=What+is+Hezbollah%3F+Lebanon%27s+militant+group+has+long+been+one+of+Israel%27s+biggest+foes&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FInternational%2Fhezbollah-lebanese-militant-group%2Fstory%3Fid%3D103864740&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.elnashra.com/news/show/1703112/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B2-%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%AA%D9%81%D9%83%D8%B1-%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A9-%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89-%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82) "التايمز: إيران تفكر في تهريب الأسلحة إلى حزب الله عن طريق نقلها جواً إلى لبنان" . Elnashra News (in Arabic). Retrieved 8 June 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Elnashra+News&rft.atitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B2%3A+%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%AA%D9%81%D9%83%D8%B1+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%AA%D9%87%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A8+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A9+%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89+%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87+%D8%B9%D9%86+%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82+%D9%86%D9%82%D9%84%D9%87%D8%A7+%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%8B+%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%89+%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elnashra.com%2Fnews%2Fshow%2F1703112%2F%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A7%25D9%258A%25D9%2585%25D8%25B2-%25D8%25A5%25D9%258A%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586-%25D8%25AA%25D9%2581%25D9%2583%25D8%25B1-%25D8%25AA%25D9%2587%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A%25D8%25A8-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A3%25D8%25B3%25D9%2584%25D8%25AD%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25A5%25D9%2584%25D9%2589-%25D8%25AD%25D8%25B2%25D8%25A8-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2584%25D9%2587-%25D8%25B7%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A%25D9%2582&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)  (./Category:CS1_Arabic-language_sources_(ar))    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Hubbard, Ben; Rubin, Alissa J. (30 September 2024). (https://www.nytimes.com/2024/09/30/world/middleeast/iran-axis-of-resistance.html) "Facing a Big Test, Iran's 'Axis of Resistance' Flails" . The New York Times . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Facing+a+Big+Test%2C+Iran%27s+%27Axis+of+Resistance%27+Flails&rft.date=2024-09-30&rft.aulast=Hubbard&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft.au=Rubin%2C+Alissa+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2024%2F09%2F30%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Firan-axis-of-resistance.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Wood, Graeme (2 September 2025). (https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2025/10/iran-axis-of-resistance-israel-us/683973/) "The Neighbor From Hell" . The Atlantic. Retrieved 27 October 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Neighbor+From+Hell&rft.pub=The+Atlantic&rft.date=2025-09-02&rft.aulast=Wood&rft.aufirst=Graeme&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fmagazine%2Farchive%2F2025%2F10%2Firan-axis-of-resistance-israel-us%2F683973%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/hezbollah-withdraws-majority-military-sites-southern-lebanon) "Hezbollah withdraws from majority of military sites in southern Lebanon" . Middle East Eye . Retrieved 13 April 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Eye&rft.atitle=Hezbollah+withdraws+from+majority+of+military+sites+in+southern+Lebanon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeasteye.net%2Fnews%2Fhezbollah-withdraws-majority-military-sites-southern-lebanon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Azizi, Arash (25 February 2025). (https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2025/02/iraq-leaving-irans-axis/681825/) "The Axis of Resistance Keeps Getting Smaller" . The Atlantic . Retrieved 13 April 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=The+Axis+of+Resistance+Keeps+Getting+Smaller&rft.date=2025-02-25&rft.aulast=Azizi&rft.aufirst=Arash&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Finternational%2Farchive%2F2025%2F02%2Firaq-leaving-irans-axis%2F681825%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Al-Atrush, Samer (7 April 2025). (https://www.thetimes.com/world/middle-east/article/donald-trump-threats-iran-iraq-fw86893m9?region=global) "Why Trump threats have cowed Tehran's axis of resistance in Iraq" . www.thetimes.com . Retrieved 13 April 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.thetimes.com&rft.atitle=Why+Trump+threats+have+cowed+Tehran%27s+axis+of+resistance+in+Iraq&rft.date=2025-04-07&rft.aulast=Al-Atrush&rft.aufirst=Samer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Farticle%2Fdonald-trump-threats-iran-iraq-fw86893m9%3Fregion%3Dglobal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/iran-backed-militias-iraq-ready-disarm-avert-trump-wrath-2025-04-07/) "Exclusive: Iran-backed militias in Iraq ready to disarm to avert Trump wrath" . 2025. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Exclusive%3A+Iran-backed+militias+in+Iraq+ready+to+disarm+to+avert+Trump+wrath&rft.date=2025&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Firan-backed-militias-iraq-ready-disarm-avert-trump-wrath-2025-04-07%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.reuters.com/world/what-does-us-brokered-truce-ending-israel-hezbollah-fighting-include-2024-11-27/) "What does the US-brokered truce ending Israel-Hezbollah fighting include" . 2024. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=What+does+the+US-brokered+truce+ending+Israel-Hezbollah+fighting+include&rft.date=2024&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fwhat-does-us-brokered-truce-ending-israel-hezbollah-fighting-include-2024-11-27%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/7/15/israeli-air-strikes-kill-12-in-eastern-lebanon-despite-ceasefire) "Israeli air strikes kill 12 in eastern Lebanon despite ceasefire" . Al Jazeera . Aljazeera. 15 July 2025. Retrieved 8 August 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Israeli+air+strikes+kill+12+in+eastern+Lebanon+despite+ceasefire&rft.date=2025-07-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2025%2F7%2F15%2Fisraeli-air-strikes-kill-12-in-eastern-lebanon-despite-ceasefire&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Chamseddine, Omar; Chamseddine, Adam (28 May 2025). (https://www.wsj.com/world/middle-east/lebanon-hezbollah-weapons-israeli-intelligence-e6d57492) "With Israeli Intel, Lebanon Is Dismantling Hezbollah in the South" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Street_Journal) (Wall Street Journal) Wall Street Journal  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=With+Israeli+Intel%2C+Lebanon+Is+Dismantling+Hezbollah+in+the+South&rft.date=2025-05-28&rft.aulast=Chamseddine&rft.aufirst=Omar&rft.au=Chamseddine%2C+Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Flebanon-hezbollah-weapons-israeli-intelligence-e6d57492&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Linn, Erez (29 May 2025). (https://www.israelhayom.com/2025/05/29/hezbollah-falling-apart-surprising-israel-lebanon-collaboration-revealed/) "Hezbollah falling apart: Surprising Israel-Lebanon collaboration revealed" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_Hayom) (Israel Hayom) Israel Hayom  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Israel+Hayom&rft.atitle=Hezbollah+falling+apart%3A+Surprising+Israel-Lebanon+collaboration+revealed&rft.date=2025-05-29&rft.aulast=Linn&rft.aufirst=Erez&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.israelhayom.com%2F2025%2F05%2F29%2Fhezbollah-falling-apart-surprising-israel-lebanon-collaboration-revealed%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.middleeasteye.net/live-blog/live-blog-update/lebanon-says-army-disarmed-80-percent-hezbollah-its-southern) "Lebanon says army disarmed 80 percent of Hezbollah in the south" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_East_Eye) (Middle East Eye) Middle East Eye  . 29 May 2025. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Eye&rft.atitle=Lebanon+says+army+disarmed+80+percent+of+Hezbollah+in+the+south&rft.date=2025-05-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeasteye.net%2Flive-blog%2Flive-blog-update%2Flebanon-says-army-disarmed-80-percent-hezbollah-its-southern&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://english.ahram.org.eg/News/547141.aspx) "Lebanon gov't achieved 80% of its Hezbollah disarmament objectives" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahram_Online) (Ahram Online) Ahram Online  . 29 May 2025. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ahram+Online&rft.atitle=Lebanon+gov%27t+achieved+80%25+of+its+Hezbollah+disarmament+objectives&rft.date=2025-05-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.ahram.org.eg%2FNews%2F547141.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://arab.news/rb4d6) "Lebanon tasks army with setting plan to restrict arms to state" . Arab News . 5 August 2025. Retrieved 8 August 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Arab+News&rft.atitle=Lebanon+tasks+army+with+setting+plan+to+restrict+arms+to+state&rft.date=2025-08-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farab.news%2Frb4d6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.ynetnews.com/article/skvxxtsmle) "With Israel's help: This is how Lebanon changed the rules of the game against Hezbollah" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ynet_News) (Ynet News) Ynet News  . 29 May 2025. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ynet+News&rft.atitle=With+Israel%27s+help%3A+This+is+how+Lebanon+changed+the+rules+of+the+game+against+Hezbollah&rft.date=2025-05-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynetnews.com%2Farticle%2Fskvxxtsmle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.france24.com/en/middle-east/20250805-lebanon-tasks-army-with-securing-a-monopoly-on-arms-in-challenge-to-hezbollah) "Lebanon tasks army with securing a monopoly on arms in challenge to Hezbollah" . France 24 . 5 August 2025. Retrieved 8 August 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=Lebanon+tasks+army+with+securing+a+monopoly+on+arms+in+challenge+to+Hezbollah&rft.date=2025-08-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2Fmiddle-east%2F20250805-lebanon-tasks-army-with-securing-a-monopoly-on-arms-in-challenge-to-hezbollah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/8/5/hezbollah-supporters-protest-disarmament-ahead-of-lebanese-government-talks) "Hezbollah chief Qassem says resistance to Israel key amid disarmament talks" . Al Jazeera . 5 August 2025. Retrieved 8 August 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Hezbollah+chief+Qassem+says+resistance+to+Israel+key+amid+disarmament+talks&rft.date=2025-08-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2025%2F8%2F5%2Fhezbollah-supporters-protest-disarmament-ahead-of-lebanese-government-talks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Knipp, Kersten (22 August 2025). (https://www.dw.com/en/lebanons-hezbollah-rejects-disarmament-warns-of-civil-war/a-73730563) "Lebanon's Hezbollah rejects disarmament, warns of civil war" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Welle) (Deutsche Welle) Deutsche Welle . Retrieved 5 September 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lebanon%27s+Hezbollah+rejects+disarmament%2C+warns+of+civil+war&rft.pub=Deutsche+Welle&rft.date=2025-08-22&rft.aulast=Knipp&rft.aufirst=Kersten&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Flebanons-hezbollah-rejects-disarmament-warns-of-civil-war%2Fa-73730563&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/8/7/lebanese-cabinet-holds-more-talks-on-disarming-hezbollah-under-us-pressure) "Lebanese cabinet approves 'objectives' of US plan to disarm Hezbollah" . Al Jazeera . 7 August 2025. Retrieved 8 August 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Lebanese+cabinet+approves+%27objectives%27+of+US+plan+to+disarm+Hezbollah&rft.date=2025-08-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2025%2F8%2F7%2Flebanese-cabinet-holds-more-talks-on-disarming-hezbollah-under-us-pressure&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Sewell, Abby (7 August 2025). (https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2025-08-07/lebanese-shiite-ministers-walk-out-of-a-cabinet-meeting-over-plan-to-disarm-hezbollah) "Lebanese Shiite ministers walk out of a Cabinet meeting over plan to disarm Hezbollah" . Los Angeles Times . Retrieved 8 August 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Lebanese+Shiite+ministers+walk+out+of+a+Cabinet+meeting+over+plan+to+disarm+Hezbollah&rft.date=2025-08-07&rft.aulast=Sewell&rft.aufirst=Abby&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fworld-nation%2Fstory%2F2025-08-07%2Flebanese-shiite-ministers-walk-out-of-a-cabinet-meeting-over-plan-to-disarm-hezbollah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.france24.com/en/middle-east/20250807-lebanese-cabinet-holds-second-meeting-on-hezbollah-disarmament) "Lebanese cabinet holds second meeting on Hezbollah disarmament" . France 24 . 7 August 2025. Retrieved 8 August 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=Lebanese+cabinet+holds+second+meeting+on+Hezbollah+disarmament&rft.date=2025-08-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2Fmiddle-east%2F20250807-lebanese-cabinet-holds-second-meeting-on-hezbollah-disarmament&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Salem, Mostafa (5 September 2025). (https://www.cnn.com/2025/09/05/middleeast/lebanon-hezbollah-disarm-plan-intl) " 'Pivotal moment' for Lebanon as army presents plan to disarm Hezbollah amid growing US pressure" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNN) (CNN) CNN . Retrieved 5 September 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27Pivotal+moment%27+for+Lebanon+as+army+presents+plan+to+disarm+Hezbollah+amid+growing+US+pressure&rft.pub=CNN&rft.date=2025-09-05&rft.aulast=Salem&rft.aufirst=Mostafa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2025%2F09%2F05%2Fmiddleeast%2Flebanon-hezbollah-disarm-plan-intl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   Barak, Oren. "Hizballah". The Continuum Political Encyclopedia of the Middle East . Ed. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avraham_Sela) (Avraham Sela) Avraham Sela . New York: Continuum, 2002. p. 350.  ↑   Rosenthal, Donna. The Israelis: Ordinary People in an Extraordinary Land . New York: Free Press, 2003. p. 15.  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Wright, Robin (13 July 2006). (https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/07/12/AR2006071201557.html) "Options for U.S. Limited As Mideast Crises Spread" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post) (The Washington Post) The Washington Post  . p. A19. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Options+for+U.S.+Limited+As+Mideast+Crises+Spread&rft.pages=A19&rft.date=2006-07-13&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2006%2F07%2F12%2FAR2006071201557.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    1  2  3   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Jamail, Dahr (20 July 2006). (https://web.archive.org/web/20060720154531/http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Middle_East/HG20Ak02.html) "Hezbollah's transformation" . Asia Times . Archived from the original on 20 July 2006. Retrieved 23 October 2007 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Asia+Times&rft.atitle=Hezbollah%27s+transformation&rft.date=2006-07-20&rft.aulast=Jamail&rft.aufirst=Dahr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atimes.com%2Fatimes%2FMiddle_East%2FHG20Ak02.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)  (./Category:CS1:_unfit_URL)    1  2   Al-Aloosy 2020 , p. 78-79.  1  2   Al-Aloosy 2020 , p. 80.  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  el Houri, W (2012). (https://dare.uva.nl/document/2/103196) "The meaning of resistance: Hezbollah's media strategies and the articulation of a people" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Amsterdam) (University of Amsterdam) University of Amsterdam . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+meaning+of+resistance%3A+Hezbollah%27s+media+strategies+and+the+articulation+of+a+people&rft.pub=University+of+Amsterdam&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=el+Houri&rft.aufirst=W&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdare.uva.nl%2Fdocument%2F2%2F103196&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20230729-hezbollah-chief-in-new-attack-on-same-sex-relations-1) "Hezbollah chief in new attack on same-sex relations" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France_24) (France 24) France 24  . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agence_France-Presse) (Agence France-Presse) Agence France-Presse . 29 July 2023. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=Hezbollah+chief+in+new+attack+on+same-sex+relations&rft.date=2023-07-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2Flive-news%2F20230729-hezbollah-chief-in-new-attack-on-same-sex-relations-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/aug/30/lebanon-lgbtq-activists-attacks-distraction-scapegoated) "Lebanon LGBTQ+ activists say attacks are distraction from country's problems" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian) (The Guardian) The Guardian  . 30 August 2023. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Lebanon+LGBTQ%2B+activists+say+attacks+are+distraction+from+country%27s+problems&rft.date=2023-08-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2023%2Faug%2F30%2Flebanon-lgbtq-activists-attacks-distraction-scapegoated&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/08/01/anti-lgbt-rhetoric-undermines-rights-lebanon) "Anti-LGBT Rhetoric Undermines Rights in Lebanon" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch) (Human Rights Watch) Human Rights Watch . 1 August 2023. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Anti-LGBT+Rhetoric+Undermines+Rights+in+Lebanon&rft.pub=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.date=2023-08-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fnews%2F2023%2F08%2F01%2Fanti-lgbt-rhetoric-undermines-rights-lebanon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.abna24.com/news/1369888/Hezbollah-official-Hijab-gives-identity-to-Muslim-women) "Hezbollah official: Hijab gives identity to Muslim women" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AhlulBayt_News_Agency) (AhlulBayt News Agency) AhlulBayt News Agency  . 31 May 2023. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AhlulBayt+News+Agency&rft.atitle=Hezbollah+official%3A+Hijab+gives+identity+to+Muslim+women&rft.date=2023-05-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.abna24.com%2Fnews%2F1369888%2FHezbollah-official-Hijab-gives-identity-to-Muslim-women&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Daher, Joseph (2015). (https://books.google.com/books?id=J7180AEACAAJ) Hezbollah : A historical materialist analysis  (Thesis). SOAS University of London. p. 28. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) (Doi (identifier)) doi :(https://doi.org/10.25501%2FSOAS.00023667) 10.25501/SOAS.00023667 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Hezbollah+%3A+A+historical+materialist+analysis&rft.inst=SOAS+University+of+London&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.25501%2FSOAS.00023667&rft.aulast=Daher&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJ7180AEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  van Engeland, Anisseh; Rudolph, Rachael M. (2008). From Terrorism to Politics . Ashgate. p. 36. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-4990-8) (Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-4990-8) 978-0-7546-4990-8  . The ideology of Hezbollah has changed: it has nowadays a left-wing political speech focused on social justice.  (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Terrorism+to+Politics&rft.pages=36&rft.pub=Ashgate&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-7546-4990-8&rft.aulast=van+Engeland&rft.aufirst=Anisseh&rft.au=Rudolph%2C+Rachael+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imad_Salamey) (Imad Salamey) Salamey, Imad ; Pearson, Frederic (2007). "Hezbollah: A Proletarian Party with an Islamic Manifesto – A Sociopolitical Analysis of Islamist Populism in Lebanon and the Middle East". Small Wars & Insurgencies . 18 (3). Routledge: 416– 438. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) (Doi (identifier)) doi :(https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09592310701674358) 10.1080/09592310701674358 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Small+Wars+%26+Insurgencies&rft.atitle=Hezbollah%3A+A+Proletarian+Party+with+an+Islamic+Manifesto+%E2%80%93+A+Sociopolitical+Analysis+of+Islamist+Populism+in+Lebanon+and+the+Middle+East&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=416-438&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F09592310701674358&rft.aulast=Salamey&rft.aufirst=Imad&rft.au=Pearson%2C+Frederic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Whittle, Helen (9 November 2012). (https://www.dw.com/en/adorno-prize-for-judith-butler-irks-jewish-groups/a-16225396) "The spirit of Adorno" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Welle) (Deutsche Welle) Deutsche Welle  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Welle&rft.atitle=The+spirit+of+Adorno&rft.date=2012-11-09&rft.aulast=Whittle&rft.aufirst=Helen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fadorno-prize-for-judith-butler-irks-jewish-groups%2Fa-16225396&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/hamas-and-hezbollah-part-of-global-left-american-philosopher-judith-butlers-comment-resurfaces-on-social-media/articleshow/113943519.cms) "Judith Butler: 'Hamas and Hezbollah part of global Left' " . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times_of_India) (The Times of India) The Times of India  . 5 October 2024. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Judith+Butler%3A+%27Hamas+and+Hezbollah+part+of+global+Left%27&rft.date=2024-10-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fworld%2Fus%2Fhamas-and-hezbollah-part-of-global-left-american-philosopher-judith-butlers-comment-resurfaces-on-social-media%2Farticleshow%2F113943519.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Chahal, Nahla (2006). (https://web.archive.org/web/20130310215252/https://www.palestine-solidarite.org/analyses.Nahla_Chahal.150906.htm) "Le déclin d'Israël" . Palestine solidarité (in French). Archived from the original on 10 March 2013. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Palestine+solidarit%C3%A9&rft.atitle=Le+d%C3%A9clin+d%27Isra%C3%ABl&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Chahal&rft.aufirst=Nahla&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.palestine-solidarite.org%2Fanalyses.Nahla_Chahal.150906.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)  (./Category:CS1:_unfit_URL)  (./Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr))    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.e-ir.info/2014/04/28/three-phases-of-resistance-how-hezbollah-pushed-israel-out-of-lebanon) "Three Phases of Resistance: How Hezbollah Pushed Israel Out of Lebanon" . 2014. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Three+Phases+of+Resistance%3A+How+Hezbollah+Pushed+Israel+Out+of+Lebanon&rft.date=2014&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.e-ir.info%2F2014%2F04%2F28%2Fthree-phases-of-resistance-how-hezbollah-pushed-israel-out-of-lebanon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.lawandisrael.org/wp-content/uploads/Topics/Terrorism/Hezbollah/The-Hizballah-Program-An-Open-Letter.pdf) "The Hizballah Program – An Open Letter" (PDF) . 1988. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Hizballah+Program+%E2%80%93+An+Open+Letter&rft.date=1988&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lawandisrael.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2FTopics%2FTerrorism%2FHezbollah%2FThe-Hizballah-Program-An-Open-Letter.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.openacessjournal.com/article-file/20230424301098705406iptvo.pdf) "The Political Thought of Sayyed Hassan Nasrallah" (PDF) . 2021. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Political+Thought+of+Sayyed+Hassan+Nasrallah&rft.date=2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.openacessjournal.com%2Farticle-file%2F20230424301098705406iptvo.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    1  2  3   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Itamar Rabinovich (2008). (https://books.google.com/books?id=iVJR9UZnTVAC&pg=PA425) Israel in the Middle East  . UPNE. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87451-962-4) (Special:BookSources/978-0-87451-962-4) 978-0-87451-962-4  . Retrieved 18 November 2010 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Israel+in+the+Middle+East&rft.pub=UPNE&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-87451-962-4&rft.au=Itamar+Rabinovich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiVJR9UZnTVAC%26pg%3DPA425&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   United Nations Document A/54/723 S/2000/55, citing Al Hayyat, 30 October 1999(mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20070310192305/http://domino.un.org/unispal.NSF/fd807e46661e3689852570d00069e918/50862df07adbd884852569ad0054a527%21OpenDocument) "Letter dated January 25, 2000 from the Permanent Representative of Israel to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General" . Archived from (http://domino.un.org/unispal.NSF/fd807e46661e3689852570d00069e918/50862df07adbd884852569ad0054a527!OpenDocument) the original on 10 March 2007. Retrieved 17 August 2006 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Letter+dated+January+25%2C+2000+from+the+Permanent+Representative+of+Israel+to+the+United+Nations+addressed+to+the+Secretary-General&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdomino.un.org%2Funispal.NSF%2Ffd807e46661e3689852570d00069e918%2F50862df07adbd884852569ad0054a527%21OpenDocument&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)  . Retrieved 17 August 2006.  ↑   The Shifts in Hizbullah's Ideology: Religious Ideology, Political Ideology, and Political Program . Joseph Elie Alagha, Amsterdam University Press, 2006, (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-5356-910-8) (Special:BookSources/978-90-5356-910-8) 978-90-5356-910-8  , p. 380.  ↑   Joshua Mitnick. (https://www.csmonitor.com/2006/0822/p10s01-wome.html) Behind the dispute over Shebaa Farms , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Christian_Science_Monitor) (The Christian Science Monitor) The Christian Science Monitor  , 22 August 2006.  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Whitaker, Brian (10 May 2006). (https://www.theguardian.com/elsewhere/journalist/story/0,,1771766,00.html) "Flashpoint farmland" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian) (The Guardian) The Guardian  . London. Retrieved 8 September 2013 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Flashpoint+farmland&rft.date=2006-05-10&rft.aulast=Whitaker&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Felsewhere%2Fjournalist%2Fstory%2F0%2C%2C1771766%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   "Central to this issue is Hizballah's claim, which was also espoused by Lebanon's former pro-Syrian government, that the disputed Shebaa Farms are Lebanese rather than Syrian territories and are occupied by Israel. Therefore, Hizballah maintains that it is a legitimate resistance movement fighting for the liberation of Lebanese territory. Under this pretext, Hizballah, supported by some Lebanese parties, could argue that it is not a militia and thus it is outside the jurisdiction of Resolution 1559." Robert Rabil. (http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/templateC05.php?CID=2395) Reinforcing Lebanon's Sovereignty , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Institute_for_Near_East_Policy) (Washington Institute for Near East Policy) Washington Institute for Near East Policy , 8 November 2005.  1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2000/20000618.sc6878.doc.html) "Security council endorses secretary-general's conclusion on Israeli withdrawal from Lebanon as of 16 June" . United Nations Security Council. 18 June 2000. Retrieved 29 September 2006 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Security+council+endorses+secretary-general%27s+conclusion+on+Israeli+withdrawal+from+Lebanon+as+of+16+June&rft.pub=United+Nations+Security+Council&rft.date=2000-06-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2FNews%2FPress%2Fdocs%2F2000%2F20000618.sc6878.doc.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/5281178.stm) "Israeli views on Shebaa Farms harden" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_News_Online) (BBC News Online) BBC News . 25 August 2006. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Israeli+views+on+Shebaa+Farms+harden&rft.date=2006-08-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fmiddle_east%2F5281178.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   Thisreen (Syrian newspaper) 21 June 1999, reprinted by MEMRI (http://memri.org/bin/opener.cgi?Page=archives&ID=SP3699) Secretary General of Hizbullah Discusses the New Israeli Government and Hizbullah's Struggle Against Israel (./Category:All_articles_lacking_reliable_references)  (./Category:Articles_lacking_reliable_references_from_November_2012)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources) (Wikipedia:Reliable sources) (The material near this tag may rely on an unreliable source. (November 2012)) unreliable source?   ]  (https://web.archive.org/web/20080930150748/http://memri.org/bin/opener.cgi?Page=archives&ID=SP3699) Archived 30 September 2008 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)  . Retrieved 30 July 2006.  ↑   Machlis, Elisheva. 2025. “Between God and the Party: Fadlallah and the Antithetical Notion of Hezbollah.” Middle Eastern Studies 61 (6): 891–909. doi:10.1080/00263206.2025.2486175.  ↑   (https://www.economist.com/leaders/2006/08/17/nasrallah-wins-the-war) "Lebanon and Israel: Nasrallah wins the war" . The Economist . 17 August 2006. 18 November 2011.  ↑   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amal_Saad-Ghorayeb) (Amal Saad-Ghorayeb) Saad-Ghorayeb, Amal . Hizbu'llah: Politics and Religion . London: Pluto Press, 2002. pp. 168–186.  ↑   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_S._Wistrich) (Robert S. Wistrich) Wistrich, Robert S. A Lethal Obsession: Anti-Semitism from Antiquity to the Global Jihad . New York: Random House, 2010. pp. 766–767.  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Block, Melissa (16 August 2006). (https://www.npr.org/2006/08/16/5658944/new-yorker-writer-warns-of-hezbollahs-radicalism) " 'New Yorker' Writer Warns of Hezbollah's Radicalism" . NPR . Retrieved 6 April 2026 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=%27New+Yorker%27+Writer+Warns+of+Hezbollah%27s+Radicalism&rft.date=2006-08-16&rft.aulast=Block&rft.aufirst=Melissa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2006%2F08%2F16%2F5658944%2Fnew-yorker-writer-warns-of-hezbollahs-radicalism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Sciolino, Elaine (12 December 2004). (https://www.nytimes.com/2004/12/12/world/europe/french-court-delays-decision-on-hezbollahrun-tv-channel.html) "French Court Delays Decision on Hezbollah-Run TV Channel" . The New York Times . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) (ISSN (identifier)) ISSN  (https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) 0362-4331 . Retrieved 6 April 2026 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=French+Court+Delays+Decision+on+Hezbollah-Run+TV+Channel&rft.date=2004-12-12&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Sciolino&rft.aufirst=Elaine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2004%2F12%2F12%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Ffrench-court-delays-decision-on-hezbollahrun-tv-channel.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Carvajal, Doreen (14 December 2004). (https://www.nytimes.com/2004/12/14/world/europe/french-court-orders-a-ban-on-hezbollahrun-tv-channel.html) "French Court Orders a Ban on Hezbollah-Run TV Channel" . The New York Times . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) (ISSN (identifier)) ISSN  (https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) 0362-4331 . Retrieved 6 April 2026 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=French+Court+Orders+a+Ban+on+Hezbollah-Run+TV+Channel&rft.date=2004-12-14&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Carvajal&rft.aufirst=Doreen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2004%2F12%2F14%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Ffrench-court-orders-a-ban-on-hezbollahrun-tv-channel.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   Sciolino, Elaine. (https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F02E7DE1031F93AA35751C1A9629C8B63) " A New French Headache: When Is Hate on TV Illegal?" (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times) (The New York Times) The New York Times  . 9 December 2004. 16 February 2008.  ↑   (http://www.adl.org/special_reports/protocols/protocols_recycled.asp) "Anti-Semitic Series Airs on Arab Television." (https://web.archive.org/web/20130115091803/http://www.adl.org/special_reports/protocols/protocols_recycled.asp) Archived 15 January 2013 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Defamation_League) (Anti-Defamation League) ADL . 9 January 2004. 16 February 2008.  ↑   (http://www.wiesenthal.com/site/apps/s/content.asp?c=lsKWLbPJLnF&b=4442915&ct=5851751) "Urge President Chirac to Block Hezbollah's Antisemitic and Hate TV from broadcasting into France" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130502035120/http://www.wiesenthal.com/site/apps/s/content.asp?c=lsKWLbPJLnF&b=4442915&ct=5851751) Archived 2 May 2013 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)  . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_Wiesenthal_Center) (Simon Wiesenthal Center) Simon Wiesenthal Center . 21 May 2008.  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://forward.com/fast-forward/118631/hezbollah-pressures-school-into-dropping-anne-fran/) "Hezbollah Pressures School Into Dropping 'Anne Frank' " . The Forward . 9 November 2009. Retrieved 6 April 2026 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Forward&rft.atitle=Hezbollah+Pressures+School+Into+Dropping+%27Anne+Frank%27&rft.date=2009-11-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforward.com%2Ffast-forward%2F118631%2Fhezbollah-pressures-school-into-dropping-anne-fran%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   Satloff, Roger. (http://washingtoninstitute.org/templateC06.php?CID=987) "The Holocaust's Arab Heroes" . (https://web.archive.org/web/20200501010037/http://washingtoninstitute.org/templateC06.php?CID=987) Archived 1 May 2020 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)  The (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Institute_for_Near_East_Policy) (Washington Institute for Near East Policy) Washington Institute for Near East Policy . 8 October 2006. 14 January 2009.  ↑   Stalinsky, Steven. (http://www.nysun.com/foreign/hezbollahs-nazi-tactics/36717/) "Hezbollah's Nazi Tactics." (https://web.archive.org/web/20171010024529/http://www.nysun.com/foreign/hezbollahs-nazi-tactics/36717/) Archived 10 October 2017 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Sun) (The New York Sun) The New York Sun  . 26 July 2006. 14 January 2009.  ↑   (https://jta.org/news/article/2009/11/09/1009038/hezbollah-heavies-school-into-pulling-anne-frank) "Hezbollah presses school into pulling Anne Frank" (https://web.archive.org/web/20091112154443/http://jta.org/news/article/2009/11/09/1009038/hezbollah-heavies-school-into-pulling-anne-frank) Archived 12 November 2009 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)  . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_Telegraphic_Agency) (Jewish Telegraphic Agency) Jewish Telegraphic Agency . 9 November 2009  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3801302,00.html) "Anne Frank diary offends Lebanon's Hezbollah" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ynet) (Ynet) Ynet  . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agence_France-Presse) (Agence France-Presse) Agence France-Presse . 11 June 2009. Retrieved 15 August 2024 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ynet&rft.atitle=Anne+Frank+diary+offends+Lebanon%27s+Hezbollah&rft.date=2009-06-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynetnews.com%2Farticles%2F0%2C7340%2CL-3801302%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dexter_Filkins) (Dexter Filkins) Filkins, Dexter (22 July 2024). (Paid subscription required) (https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2024/07/29/will-hezbollah-and-israel-go-to-war) "Will Hezbollah and Israel Go to War?"  . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_Yorker) (The New Yorker) The New Yorker  . Retrieved 15 August 2024 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=Will+Hezbollah+and+Israel+Go+to+War%3F&rft.date=2024-07-22&rft.aulast=Filkins&rft.aufirst=Dexter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fmagazine%2F2024%2F07%2F29%2Fwill-hezbollah-and-israel-go-to-war&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An-Nahar) (An-Nahar) An-Nahar  , 10–16 June 1985; and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Revue_du_Liban) (La Revue du Liban) La Revue du Liban  , 27 July–3 August 1985: quoted in Ranstorp (1997), p. 41  ↑   Nahmias, Roee. (https://web.archive.org/web/20120112215157/http://www.ynet.co.il/english/articles/0,7340,L-3278280,00.html) "Syria, Iran determined to protect Hizbullah" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ynetnews) (Ynetnews) Ynetnews  . 19 July 2006. 31 July 2010.  ↑   Daragahi, Borzou. (http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/world/la-fg-lebanon-hezbollah13-2009apr13,0,5664917.story) "Lebanon's Hezbollah savors increasing legitimacy." (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times) (Los Angeles Times) Los Angeles Times  . 13 April 2009. 17 April 2009.  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://www.siasat.com/english/news/larijani-iran-proud-backing-hezbollah) "Larijani: Iran proud of backing Hezbollah" . Siasat. 30 July 2010. Retrieved 21 May 2011 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Larijani%3A+Iran+proud+of+backing+Hezbollah&rft.pub=Siasat&rft.date=2010-07-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.siasat.com%2Fenglish%2Fnews%2Flarijani-iran-proud-backing-hezbollah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    1  2  3  4  5   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Engeland, Dr Anisseh Van; Rudolph, Ms Rachael M (2013). From Terrorism to Politics . Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. pp. 33– 34. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4094-9870-4) (Special:BookSources/978-1-4094-9870-4) 978-1-4094-9870-4  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Terrorism+to+Politics&rft.pages=33-34&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing%2C+Ltd.&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-4094-9870-4&rft.aulast=Engeland&rft.aufirst=Dr+Anisseh+Van&rft.au=Rudolph%2C+Ms+Rachael+M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Broekaer, Clara; Clarke, Colin P. (25 November 2024). (https://foreignpolicy.com/2024/11/25/hezbollah-funding-crime-terror-nexus-trump/) "How Hezbollah Diversified Its Funding" . Foreign Policy . Retrieved 11 July 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Policy&rft.atitle=How+Hezbollah+Diversified+Its+Funding&rft.date=2024-11-25&rft.aulast=Broekaer&rft.aufirst=Clara&rft.au=Clarke%2C+Colin+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforeignpolicy.com%2F2024%2F11%2F25%2Fhezbollah-funding-crime-terror-nexus-trump%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/hezbollah-finances-funding-party-god) "Hezbollah Finances: Funding the Party of God - The Washington Institute" . www.washingtoninstitute.org . Retrieved 5 April 2026 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.washingtoninstitute.org&rft.atitle=Hezbollah+Finances%3A+Funding+the+Party+of+God+-+The+Washington+Institute&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtoninstitute.org%2Fpolicy-analysis%2Fhezbollah-finances-funding-party-god&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  "Middle East International". Middle East International (315). (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Mayhew) (Christopher Mayhew) Lord Mayhew ; (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dennis_Walters) (Dennis Walters) Dennis Walters : 6– 7. 19 December 1987. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+International&rft.atitle=Middle+East+International&rft.issue=315&rft.pages=6-7&rft.date=1987-12-19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    1  2  3   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (29 March 2006). (http://www.irinnews.org/Report/26242/LEBANON-The-many-hands-and-faces-of-Hezbollah) "Lebanon: The many hands and faces of Hezbollah" . IRINnews . Retrieved 17 August 2006 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IRINnews&rft.atitle=Lebanon%3A+The+many+hands+and+faces+of+Hezbollah&rft.date=2006-03-29&rft.au=UN+Office+for+the+Coordination+of+Humanitarian+Affairs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irinnews.org%2FReport%2F26242%2FLEBANON-The-many-hands-and-faces-of-Hezbollah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Edward Cody; Molly Moore (14 August 2006). (https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/08/13/AR2006081300719.html?nav=rss_world) "The Best Guerrilla Force in the World" . The Washington Post . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=The+Best+Guerrilla+Force+in+the+World&rft.date=2006-08-14&rft.au=Edward+Cody&rft.au=Molly+Moore&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2006%2F08%2F13%2FAR2006081300719.html%3Fnav%3Drss_world&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Harel, Amos; Stern, Yoav (4 August 2006). (https://web.archive.org/web/20090122070304/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=746631) "Iranian official admits Tehran supplied missiles to Hezbollah" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haaretz) (Haaretz) Haaretz  . Israel. Archived from (https://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=746631) the original on 22 January 2009. Retrieved 21 May 2011 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Iranian+official+admits+Tehran+supplied+missiles+to+Hezbollah&rft.date=2006-08-04&rft.aulast=Harel&rft.aufirst=Amos&rft.au=Stern%2C+Yoav&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fhasen%2Fpages%2FShArt.jhtml%3FitemNo%3D746631&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Colitt, Raymond (22 July 2009). (https://www.reuters.com/article/world/venezuela-denies-us-drug-report-hezbollah-charges-idUSTRE56K6M1/) "Venezuela denies U.S. drug report, Hezbollah charges" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuters) (Reuters) Reuters  . Retrieved 18 August 2024 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Venezuela+denies+U.S.+drug+report%2C+Hezbollah+charges&rft.date=2009-07-22&rft.aulast=Colitt&rft.aufirst=Raymond&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fworld%2Fvenezuela-denies-us-drug-report-hezbollah-charges-idUSTRE56K6M1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Soibel, Leah. (https://web.archive.org/web/20120108083630/http://articles.nydailynews.com/2011-12-22/news/30548795_1_iranian-revolutionary-guards-mexican-drug-nuclear-weapons-activities) "Iran in our own backyard" . Daily News . Archived from (http://articles.nydailynews.com/2011-12-22/news/30548795_1_iranian-revolutionary-guards-mexican-drug-nuclear-weapons-activities) the original on 8 January 2012. Retrieved 4 February 2015 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Daily+News&rft.atitle=Iran+in+our+own+backyard&rft.au=Soibel%2C+Leah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farticles.nydailynews.com%2F2011-12-22%2Fnews%2F30548795_1_iranian-revolutionary-guards-mexican-drug-nuclear-weapons-activities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   Labaki, Boutros. (https://www.un.org/esa/population/meetings/EGM_Ittmig_Arab/Paper13_Labaki.pdf) "The Role of Transnational Communmities in Fostering Development in Countries of Origin." United Nations. 12 May 2006: 15–16. 31 July 2010.  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A23384-2004Jun7.html) "Cigarette Smuggling Linked to Terrorism" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post) (The Washington Post) The Washington Post  . 8 June 2004. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Cigarette+Smuggling+Linked+to+Terrorism&rft.date=2004-06-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Farticles%2FA23384-2004Jun7.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Levitt, Matthew (2007). (Free registration required) (https://archive.org/details/hamaspoliticscha00levi) Hamas   . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yale_University) (Yale University) Yale University Press. p. (https://archive.org/details/hamaspoliticscha00levi/page/70) 70 . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-12258-9) (Special:BookSources/978-0-300-12258-9) 978-0-300-12258-9  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hamas&rft.pages=70&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-300-12258-9&rft.aulast=Levitt&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhamaspoliticscha00levi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Giraldo, Jeanne (2007). (https://archive.org/details/terrorismfinanci00haro) Terrorism Financing and State Responses  . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanford_University) (Stanford University) Stanford University Press. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-5565-8) (Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-5565-8) 978-0-8047-5565-8  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Terrorism+Financing+and+State+Responses&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8047-5565-8&rft.aulast=Giraldo&rft.aufirst=Jeanne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fterrorismfinanci00haro&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.jpost.com/International/US-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871) "US Treasury takes action against Hezbollah funders" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post) (The Jerusalem Post) The Jerusalem Post  . 24 April 2013. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=US+Treasury+takes+action+against+Hezbollah+funders&rft.date=2013-04-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FInternational%2FUS-Treasury-takes-new-action-against-Hezbollah-funders-310871&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2008/10/20081025165944942904.html) "Nasrallah decries 'propaganda' " . Al Jazeera. 25 October 2008. Retrieved 29 September 2013 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Nasrallah+decries+%27propaganda%27&rft.date=2008-10-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Fmiddleeast%2F2008%2F10%2F20081025165944942904.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://www.alarabiya.net/articles/2011/12/22/184043.html) "Hezbollah denies drugs and money laundering claims" . Agence France-Presse. 22 December 2011. Retrieved 29 September 2013 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Hezbollah+denies+drugs+and+money+laundering+claims&rft.date=2011-12-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alarabiya.net%2Farticles%2F2011%2F12%2F22%2F184043.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (https://www.thenationalnews.com/world/the-americas/iran-pays-hezbollah-700-million-a-year-us-official-says-1.737347) Iran pays Hezbollah $700 million a year, US official says , The National, 5 June 2018  ↑   (https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-5515902,00.html) Hezbollah paying the price of Iranian obstinance , YNET, 27 May 2019  ↑   Ward, Euan; (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_P._Schmitt) (Eric P. Schmitt) Schmitt, Eric ; (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronen_Bergman) (Ronen Bergman) Bergman, Ronen ; and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hwaida_Saad) (Hwaida Saad) Saad, Hwaida . (https://www.nytimes.com/2026/08/09/world/europe/lebanon-hezbollah-iran-us-finances.html) "Inside the War on Hezbollah’s Finances Israel and the United States aren’t just targeting the Lebanese militant group’s weapons. They’re going after its money." , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times) (The New York Times) The New York Times  , 9 August 2026. Accessed 24 August 2026.  ↑   (https://foreignpolicy.com/articles/2009/11/25/the_militarization_of_sex) "The Militarization of Sex: The story of Hezbollah's halal hookups." by Hanin Ghaddar (https://web.archive.org/web/20091129115017/http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2009/11/25/the_militarization_of_sex) Archived 29 November 2009 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)  , Foreign Policy , 25 November 2009  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Sachs, Susan (31 May 2000). 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Hezbollah%27s+secret+weapon&rft.date=2006-07-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2006%2FWORLD%2Fmeast%2F07%2F24%2Fschuster.hezbollah%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   Avakian, Alexandra. Windows of the Soul . Washington, D.C.: National Geographic. p. 186.  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Seelye, Kate (1 April 2005). (https://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/dispatches/lebanon.syria/seelye2.html) "Lebanon's religious mix" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frontline_(American_TV_program)) (Frontline (American TV program)) Frontline World  . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PBS) (PBS) PBS . Retrieved 28 July 2006 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Frontline+World&rft.atitle=Lebanon%27s+religious+mix&rft.date=2005-04-01&rft.aulast=Seelye&rft.aufirst=Kate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Ffrontlineworld%2Fdispatches%2Flebanon.syria%2Fseelye2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Norton, Augustus (2009). (https://books.google.com/books?id=x0MZOnnu8qcC&q=Hezbollah%20a%20short%20history&pg=PP1) Hezbollah: A Short History  . Princeton University Press. p. 6. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-13124-5) (Special:BookSources/978-0-691-13124-5) 978-0-691-13124-5  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hezbollah%3A+A+Short+History&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-691-13124-5&rft.aulast=Norton&rft.aufirst=Augustus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dx0MZOnnu8qcC%26q%3DHezbollah%2520a%2520short%2520history%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20130617010638/http://www.cfr.org/lebanon/hezbollah-most-powerful-political-movement-lebanon/p16378?breadcrumb=%2F) "Hezbollah: Most Powerful Political Movement in Lebanon" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_on_Foreign_Relations) (Council on Foreign Relations) Council on Foreign Relations . 29 May 2008. Archived from (http://www.cfr.org/lebanon/hezbollah-most-powerful-political-movement-lebanon/p16378?breadcrumb=%2F) the original on 17 June 2013. Retrieved 5 September 2013 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hezbollah%3A+Most+Powerful+Political+Movement+in+Lebanon&rft.pub=Council+on+Foreign+Relations&rft.date=2008-05-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cfr.org%2Flebanon%2Fhezbollah-most-powerful-political-movement-lebanon%2Fp16378%3Fbreadcrumb%3D%252F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Gambill, Gary. (https://web.archive.org/web/20110716112837/http://www.mideastmonitor.org/issues/0604/0604_1.htm) "The Counter-revolution of the Cedars" . Mideastmonitor.org. Archived from (http://www.mideastmonitor.org/issues/0604/0604_1.htm) the original on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 20 October 2012 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Counter-revolution+of+the+Cedars&rft.pub=Mideastmonitor.org&rft.aulast=Gambill&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mideastmonitor.org%2Fissues%2F0604%2F0604_1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Ghattas, Kim (1 December 2006). (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/6200804.stm) "Political ferment in Lebanon" . BBC News . Retrieved 15 August 2008 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Political+ferment+in+Lebanon&rft.date=2006-12-01&rft.aulast=Ghattas&rft.aufirst=Kim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fprogrammes%2Ffrom_our_own_correspondent%2F6200804.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  William Harris (2012). (https://books.google.com/books?id=jY4ImTGnamUC&pg=PP2) Lebanon: A History, 600–2011  . Oxford University Press. p. 274. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-518111-1) (Special:BookSources/978-0-19-518111-1) 978-0-19-518111-1  . Retrieved 7 April 2013 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lebanon%3A+A+History%2C+600%E2%80%932011&rft.pages=274&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-19-518111-1&rft.au=William+Harris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjY4ImTGnamUC%26pg%3DPP2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20080512142003/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/981937.html) "Lebanon tensions rise in clash with Hezbollah" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haaretz) (Haaretz) Haaretz  . Archived from (https://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/981937.html) the original on 12 May 2008. Retrieved 10 May 2008 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Lebanon+tensions+rise+in+clash+with+Hezbollah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fhasen%2Fspages%2F981937.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Stern, Yoav; Issacharoff, Avi (10 May 2008). (https://web.archive.org/web/20080512082543/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/981696.html) "Hezbollah fighters retreat from Beirut after 37 die in clashes" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haaretz) (Haaretz) Haaretz  . Archived from (https://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/981696.html) the original on 12 May 2008. Retrieved 20 October 2012 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Hezbollah+fighters+retreat+from+Beirut+after+37+die+in+clashes&rft.date=2008-05-10&rft.aulast=Stern&rft.aufirst=Yoav&rft.au=Issacharoff%2C+Avi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fhasen%2Fspages%2F981696.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_F._Worth) (Robert F. Worth) Worth, Robert F. ; (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nada_Bakri) (Nada Bakri) Bakri, Nada (11 May 2008). (https://www.nytimes.com/2008/05/11/world/middleeast/11lebanon.html) "Hezbollah to Withdraw Gunmen in Lebanon" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times) (The New York Times) The New York Times  . Retrieved 5 October 2008 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Hezbollah+to+Withdraw+Gunmen+in+Lebanon&rft.date=2008-05-11&rft.aulast=Worth&rft.aufirst=Robert+F.&rft.au=Bakri%2C+Nada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F05%2F11%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2F11lebanon.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20110520122706/http://www.france24.com/en/20080521-lebanon-hezbollah-doha-election-presidential%26navi%3DMONDE) "Lebanese leaders 'expect to elect a president' in 24 hours" . FRANCE 24 . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France_24) (France 24) France 24 . Archived from (http://www.france24.com/en/20080521-lebanon-hezbollah-doha-election-presidential&navi=MONDE) the original on 20 May 2011. Retrieved 31 May 2008 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FRANCE+24&rft.atitle=Lebanese+leaders+%27expect+to+elect+a+president%27+in+24+hours&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2F20080521-lebanon-hezbollah-doha-election-presidential%26navi%3DMONDE&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20080913091527/http://www.cfr.org/publication/9155/hezbollah.html?breadcrumb=%2F) "Hezbollah (a.k.a., Hizbollah, Hizbu'llah)" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_on_Foreign_Relations) (Council on Foreign Relations) Council on Foreign Relations  . 13 September 2008. Archived from (http://www.cfr.org/publication/9155/hezbollah.html?breadcrumb=%2F) the original on 13 September 2008. Retrieved 15 September 2008 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Council+on+Foreign+Relations&rft.atitle=Hezbollah+%28a.k.a.%2C+Hizbollah%2C+Hizbu%27llah%29&rft.date=2008-09-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cfr.org%2Fpublication%2F9155%2Fhezbollah.html%3Fbreadcrumb%3D%252F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   Al-Monitor . (https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2018/03/lebanon-elections-new-law-hezbollah-results-constituency-win.html) Lebanon's new electoral law could spell trouble for traditional parties    1  2   Al-Manar. (https://english.almanar.com.lb/469141) Sayyed Nasrallah Announces Hezbollah Electoral Platform: Combating Corruption Priority    ↑   L'Orient Le Jour . (https://www.lorientlejour.com/elections/article/1104962/les-slogans-electoraux-de-2018-un-gros-flop-.html) Les slogans électoraux de 2018 : un gros flop ? (https://web.archive.org/web/20180316023358/https://www.lorientlejour.com/elections/article/1104962/les-slogans-electoraux-de-2018-un-gros-flop-.html) Archived 16 March 2018 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)     ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Perry, Tom (22 May 2018). (https://www.reuters.com/article/us-lebanon-election-parliament-factbox-idUSKCN1IN1OJ) "Factbox: Hezbollah and allies gain sway in Lebanon parliament" . Reuters . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Factbox%3A+Hezbollah+and+allies+gain+sway+in+Lebanon+parliament&rft.date=2018-05-22&rft.aulast=Perry&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-lebanon-election-parliament-factbox-idUSKCN1IN1OJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Ajroudi, Asma. (https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/5/8/hezbollah-amal-and-allies-biggest-winners-in-lebanon-elections) "Hezbollah and allies biggest winners in Lebanon polls" . Al Jazeera. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Hezbollah+and+allies+biggest+winners+in+Lebanon+polls&rft.aulast=Ajroudi&rft.aufirst=Asma&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2018%2F5%2F8%2Fhezbollah-amal-and-allies-biggest-winners-in-lebanon-elections&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://english.aawsat.com/arab-world/5073914-bassil-disavows-hezbollah-blames-it-israeli-assault-lebanon) "Bassil Disavows Hezbollah, Blames it for Israeli Assault on Lebanon" . english.aawsat.com . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=english.aawsat.com&rft.atitle=Bassil+Disavows+Hezbollah%2C+Blames+it+for+Israeli+Assault+on+Lebanon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.aawsat.com%2Farab-world%2F5073914-bassil-disavows-hezbollah-blames-it-israeli-assault-lebanon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.memri.org/reports/one-day-after-us-draws-red-line-over-hizbullah-participation-lebanese-government-triggering) "One Day After U.S. Draws 'Red Line' Over Hizbullah Participation In Lebanese Government, Triggering Threats Against It And Its Representative, Lebanon Announces New Government That Includes Hizbullah, And U.S. Gives In And Welcomes It" . MEMRI . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MEMRI&rft.atitle=One+Day+After+U.S.+Draws+%27Red+Line%27+Over+Hizbullah+Participation+In+Lebanese+Government%2C+Triggering+Threats+Against+It+And+Its+Representative%2C+Lebanon+Announces+New+Government+That+Includes+Hizbullah%2C+And+U.S.+Gives+In+And+Welcomes+It&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.memri.org%2Freports%2Fone-day-after-us-draws-red-line-over-hizbullah-participation-lebanese-government-triggering&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Hijazi, Salah (19 May 2026). (https://today.lorientlejour.com/article/1507369/negotiations-with-israel-normalization-arms-monopoly-polls-reveal-a-fragmented-lebanon.html) "Negotiations with Israel, normalization, arms monopoly: Polls reveal a fragmented Lebanon" . L'Orient Today . Retrieved 20 May 2026 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=L%27Orient+Today&rft.atitle=Negotiations+with+Israel%2C+normalization%2C+arms+monopoly%3A+Polls+reveal+a+fragmented+Lebanon&rft.date=2026-05-19&rft.aulast=Hijazi&rft.aufirst=Salah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftoday.lorientlejour.com%2Farticle%2F1507369%2Fnegotiations-with-israel-normalization-arms-monopoly-polls-reveal-a-fragmented-lebanon.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Greyman-Kennard, Danielle (20 May 2026). (https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/article-896819) "Majority of Lebanese civilians want Hezbollah disarmed, peace with Israel" . The Jerusalem Post . Retrieved 20 May 2026 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Majority+of+Lebanese+civilians+want+Hezbollah+disarmed%2C+peace+with+Israel&rft.date=2026-05-20&rft.aulast=Greyman-Kennard&rft.aufirst=Danielle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2Fmiddle-east%2Farticle-896819&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Elise Labott; Henry Schuster (2006). (http://edition.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/meast/03/23/hezbollah.tv/index.html) "Lebanese media outlets' assets blocked" . CNN. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Lebanese+media+outlets%27+assets+blocked&rft.date=2006&rft.au=Elise+Labott&rft.au=Henry+Schuster&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2006%2FWORLD%2Fmeast%2F03%2F23%2Fhezbollah.tv%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20070427115458/http://www.nationalreview.com/comment/jorisch200412220812.asp) "Terrorist Television Hezbollah has a worldwide reach" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Review_Online) (National Review Online) National Review Online  . 22 December 2004. Archived from (http://www.nationalreview.com/comment/jorisch200412220812.asp) the original on 27 April 2007. Retrieved 31 March 2007 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Review+Online&rft.atitle=Terrorist+Television+Hezbollah+has+a+worldwide+reach&rft.date=2004-12-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalreview.com%2Fcomment%2Fjorisch200412220812.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    1  2  3   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Avi Jorisch (Winter 2004). (http://www.meforum.org/article/583) "Al-Manar: Hizbullah TV, 24/7" . Middle East Quarterly . Retrieved 3 September 2006 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Al-Manar%3A+Hizbullah+TV%2C+24%2F7&rft.ssn=winter&rft.date=2004&rft.au=Avi+Jorisch&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.meforum.org%2Farticle%2F583&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20030410115717/http://web.manartv.org/html/about.html) "Al-Manar Television" . Archived from (http://web.manartv.org/html/about.html) the original on 10 April 2003. Retrieved 27 March 2007 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Al-Manar+Television&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.manartv.org%2Fhtml%2Fabout.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Jorisch, Avi (April 2003). (http://www.meforum.org/meib/articles/0304_l1.htm) "Al-Manar and the War in Iraq" . Middle East Intelligence Bulletin. 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(https://web.archive.org/web/20170811104707/http://archive.adl.org/presrele/asint_13/4605_13.html#.VM-712TF9fw) Archived 11 August 2017 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)  ADL . 2 February 2015.  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://www.treasury.gov/press-center/press-releases/Pages/js4134.aspx) "U.S. Designates Al-Manar as a Specially Designated Global Terrorist Entity" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Department_of_the_Treasury) (U.S. Department of the Treasury) U.S. Department of the Treasury . 23 March 2006. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=U.S.+Designates+Al-Manar+as+a+Specially+Designated+Global+Terrorist+Entity&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+the+Treasury&rft.date=2006-03-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.treasury.gov%2Fpress-center%2Fpress-releases%2FPages%2Fjs4134.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4093579.stm) "France pulls plug on Arab network" . BBC News. 14 December 2004. Retrieved 9 August 2006 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=France+pulls+plug+on+Arab+network&rft.date=2004-12-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Feurope%2F4093579.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   Commission of the European Communities (http://www.wales.gov.uk/keypubassemeuropeancomm2/content/euleg-0602/6448-06-add-1.pdf) Commission document SEC(2006) 160 (https://web.archive.org/web/20070108185351/http://www.wales.gov.uk/keypubassemeuropeancomm2/content/euleg-0602/6448-06-add-1.pdf) Archived 8 January 2007 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)  . Retrieved 31 July 2006.  1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Olfa Lamloum (2009). "Hezbollah's Media: Political History in outline". Global Media and Communication . 5 (3): 353– 367. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) (Doi (identifier)) doi :(https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1742766509348673) 10.1177/1742766509348673 . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) (S2CID (identifier)) S2CID  (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143704235) 143704235 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Media+and+Communication&rft.atitle=Hezbollah%27s+Media%3A+Political+History+in+outline&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=353-367&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F1742766509348673&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143704235%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.au=Olfa+Lamloum&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://alahednews.news/keyword/172/) "موقع العهد الإخباري :مراكز الإمام الخميني الثقافية" . alahednews.news . Retrieved 3 February 2026 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF+%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C+%D8%AA%D8%B4%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%84+%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C+%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%D9%87+%D8%A8%D8%A7+%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87&rft.date=2013-01-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.farsnews.com%2Fnewstext.php%3Fnn%3D13911026001114&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Morris, Loveday (12 June 2013). (https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/for-lebanons-sunnis-growing-rage-at-hezbollah/2013/06/12/9696297c-d299-11e2-8cbe-1bcbee06f8f8_story.html) "For Lebanon's Sunnis, growing rage at Hezbollah over role in Syria" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post) (The Washington Post) The Washington Post  . (https://web.archive.org/web/20131105065531/http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2013-06-12/world/39922185_1_aleppo-war-soccer-stadium) Archived from the original on 5 November 2013. Retrieved 20 June 2013 . ... Hezbollah, which has a fighting force generally considered more powerful than the Lebanese army.  (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=For+Lebanon%27s+Sunnis%2C+growing+rage+at+Hezbollah+over+role+in+Syria&rft.date=2013-06-12&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Loveday&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle_east%2Ffor-lebanons-sunnis-growing-rage-at-hezbollah%2F2013%2F06%2F12%2F9696297c-d299-11e2-8cbe-1bcbee06f8f8_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.voanews.com/a/lebanon-syria-hezbollah/1682124.html) "Hezbollah Upsets The Balance in Lebanon" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice_of_America) (Voice of America) Voice of America . 14 June 2013. (https://web.archive.org/web/20130621233109/http://www.voanews.com/content/lebanon-syria-hezbollah/1682124.html) Archived from the original on 21 June 2013. Retrieved 24 June 2013 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Hezbollah+Upsets+The+Balance+in+Lebanon&rft.date=2013-06-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.voanews.com%2Fa%2Flebanon-syria-hezbollah%2F1682124.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Barnard, Anne (20 May 2013). (https://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/21/world/middleeast/syria-developments.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0) "Hezbollah's Role in Syria War Shakes the Lebanese" . The New York Times . Retrieved 20 June 2013 . 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(https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/29/world/29cables.html?_r=2&pagewanted=2) "Leaked Cables Offer Raw Look at U.S. Diplomacy" . The New York Times . Retrieved 26 December 2010 . ... Cables describe the United States' failing struggle to prevent Syria from supplying arms to Hezbollah in Lebanon, which has amassed a huge stockpile since its 2006 war with Israel. ... information that Syria was providing increasingly sophisticated weapons to the group.  (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Leaked+Cables+Offer+Raw+Look+at+U.S.+Diplomacy&rft.date=2010-11-28&rft.au=Scott+Shane&rft.au=Andrew+W.+Lehren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F11%2F29%2Fworld%2F29cables.html%3F_r%3D2%26pagewanted%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   Charley Keyes, (https://edition.cnn.com/2011/POLITICS/05/24/gates.speech/) "U.S. military needs flexibility due to poor predictions, Gates says" , CNN, 24 May 2011  ↑   Danon, Danny. (https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2017/04/israel-deserves-a-seat-on-the-security-council-214986/) "Israel Deserves a Seat on the Security Council." Politico . 5 April 2017. 6 April 2017.  1  2   (https://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=187022) Israeli US envoy: Hizbullah has 15,000 rockets on border . The Jerusalem Post . Retrieved 19 October 2010.  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.jpost.com/Defense/IAF-shoots-down-drone-which-flew-south-from-Lebanon-311098) "IAF shoots down hostile drone from Lebanon off Haifa" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post) (The Jerusalem Post) The Jerusalem Post  . 25 April 2013. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=IAF+shoots+down+hostile+drone+from+Lebanon+off+Haifa&rft.date=2013-04-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FDefense%2FIAF-shoots-down-drone-which-flew-south-from-Lebanon-311098&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Kershner, Isabel (10 March 2014). (https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/11/world/middleeast/israel-watches-warily-as-hezbollah-gains-battle-skills-in-syria.html) "Israel Watches Warily as Hezbollah Gains Battle Skills in Syria" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times) (The New York Times) The New York Times  . Retrieved 27 August 2014 . [T]he only way for Mr. Assad, a longtime Hezbollah ally, to repay the group is by supplying it with sophisticated weapons.  (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Israel+Watches+Warily+as+Hezbollah+Gains+Battle+Skills+in+Syria&rft.date=2014-03-10&rft.aulast=Kershner&rft.aufirst=Isabel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F03%2F11%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fisrael-watches-warily-as-hezbollah-gains-battle-skills-in-syria.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  אזולאי, יובל (8 March 2026). (https://www.calcalist.co.il/local_news/article/bypg8gqyze) " "מיוצרים הרבה יותר מיירטים מכמויות הטילים הבליסטיים שאיראן מסוגלת לייצר כעת" | כלכליסט" . calcalist (in Hebrew). Retrieved 6 April 2026 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=calcalist&rft.atitle=%22%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%9D+%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%94+%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%A8+%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9D+%D7%9E%D7%9B%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA+%D7%94%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D+%D7%94%D7%91%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D+%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%9F+%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%AA+%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%A8+%D7%9B%D7%A2%D7%AA%22+%7C+%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%98&rft.date=2026-03-08&rft.aulast=%D7%90%D7%96%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%99&rft.aufirst=%D7%99%D7%95%D7%91%D7%9C&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.calcalist.co.il%2Flocal_news%2Farticle%2Fbypg8gqyze&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)  (./Category:CS1_Hebrew-language_sources_(he))    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2026-04-30/hezbollah-adopts-new-weapon-fiber-optic-drones-used-widely-in-war-in-ukraine) "Hezbollah adopts a new weapon: Fiber-optic drones, used widely in the war in Ukraine" . Los Angeles Times. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated_Press) (Associated Press) Associated Press . 30 April 2026. Retrieved 3 May 2026 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hezbollah+adopts+a+new+weapon%3A+Fiber-optic+drones%2C+used+widely+in+the+war+in+Ukraine&rft.pub=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.date=2026-04-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fworld-nation%2Fstory%2F2026-04-30%2Fhezbollah-adopts-new-weapon-fiber-optic-drones-used-widely-in-war-in-ukraine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Levitt) (Matthew Levitt) Levitt, Matthew (2013). (https://books.google.com/books?id=yTJeAQAAQBAJ&q=jihad+council+hezbollah&pg=PA14) Hezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God  . Hurst Publishers. p. 15. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84904-333-5) (Special:BookSources/978-1-84904-333-5) 978-1-84904-333-5  . ... the Jihad Council coordinates 'resistance activity'.  (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hezbollah%3A+The+Global+Footprint+of+Lebanon%27s+Party+of+God&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=Hurst+Publishers&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-84904-333-5&rft.aulast=Levitt&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyTJeAQAAQBAJ%26q%3Djihad%2Bcouncil%2Bhezbollah%26pg%3DPA14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Ghattas Saab, Antoine (15 May 2014). (http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-News/2014/May-15/256484-hezbollah-cutting-costs-as-iranian-aid-dries-up.ashx) "Hezbollah cutting costs as Iranian aid dries up" . The Daily Star . Retrieved 1 June 2014 . ... Hezbollah's military wing ... Known as the 'Jihad Council'   (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=Hezbollah+cutting+costs+as+Iranian+aid+dries+up&rft.date=2014-05-15&rft.aulast=Ghattas+Saab&rft.aufirst=Antoine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailystar.com.lb%2FNews%2FLebanon-News%2F2014%2FMay-15%2F256484-hezbollah-cutting-costs-as-iranian-aid-dries-up.ashx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)       ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council) (United Nations Security Council) United Nations Security Council (2 September 2004). (http://daccess-ods.un.org/access.nsf/Get?Open&DS=S/RES/1559%20(2004)&Lang=E&Area=UNDOC) "Resolution 1559 (2004)" . Retrieved 1 May 2007 . 3. Calls for the disbanding and disarmament of all Lebanese and non-Lebanese militias  (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Resolution+1559+%282004%29&rft.date=2004-09-02&rft.au=United+Nations+Security+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdaccess-ods.un.org%2Faccess.nsf%2FGet%3FOpen%26DS%3DS%2FRES%2F1559%2520%282004%29%26Lang%3DE%26Area%3DUNDOC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20120729110434/http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/en/article/19162) "Hezbollah has no intention to disarm" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligence_and_Terrorism_Information_Center) (Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center) Intelligence and Terrorism Information Center at the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_Special_Studies) (Center for Special Studies) Center for Special Studies (C.S.S., Israel). 7 September 2005. Archived from (http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/malam_multimedia/html/final/eng/eng_n/hez_e0905.htm) the original on 29 July 2012. Retrieved 1 May 2007 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hezbollah+has+no+intention+to+disarm&rft.pub=Intelligence+and+Terrorism+Information+Center+at+the+Center+for+Special+Studies+%28C.S.S.%2C+Israel%29&rft.date=2005-09-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.terrorism-info.org.il%2Fmalam_multimedia%2Fhtml%2Ffinal%2Feng%2Feng_n%2Fhez_e0905.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (http://www.adl.org/main_terrorism/hezbollah_overview.htm) "Hezbollah: Hezbollah and the Recent Conflict" . (https://web.archive.org/web/20070504083721/http://www.adl.org/main_terrorism/hezbollah_overview.htm) Archived 4 May 2007 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Defamation_League) (Anti-Defamation League) ADL  . 29 September 2006. 26 June 2007.  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Frykberg, Mel (29 August 2008). (http://injesus.com/message-archives/prophetic/prophecyupdate/prophecy-update-israel-reaches) "Mideast Powers, Proxies and Paymasters Bluster and Rearm" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_East_Times) (Middle East Times) Middle East Times  . Retrieved 31 May 2011 . And if there is one thing that ideologically and diametrically opposed Hezbollah and Israel agree on, it is Hezbollah's growing military strength.  (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Times&rft.atitle=Mideast+Powers%2C+Proxies+and+Paymasters+Bluster+and+Rearm&rft.date=2008-08-29&rft.aulast=Frykberg&rft.aufirst=Mel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finjesus.com%2Fmessage-archives%2Fprophetic%2Fprophecyupdate%2Fprophecy-update-israel-reaches&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Gambill, Gary (September–October 2006). (https://web.archive.org/web/20070927030212/http://www.mideastmonitor.org/issues/0609/0609_6.htm) "Briefing: Lebanese Public Opinion" . Mideast Monitor. Archived from (http://www.mideastmonitor.org/issues/0609/0609_6.htm) the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 23 October 2012 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Briefing%3A+Lebanese+Public+Opinion&rft.pub=Mideast+Monitor&rft.date=2006-09%2F2006-10&rft.aulast=Gambill&rft.aufirst=Gary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mideastmonitor.org%2Fissues%2F0609%2F0609_6.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (https://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1011868.html) Haaretz  (https://web.archive.org/web/20080817101117/http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1011868.html) Archived 17 August 2008 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)  14 August 2008, "UN: We've cleared half the cluster bombs Israel dropped on Lebanon", by Shlomo Shamir  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20120129054742/http://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?pagename=JPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull&cid=1257455206498) "Hizbullah says it's getting ready for new war with Israel" . The Jerusalem Post . 8 November 2009. Archived from (https://fr.jpost.com/servlet/Satellite?pagename=JPost/JPArticle/ShowFull&cid=1257455206498) the original on 29 January 2012. Retrieved 21 May 2011 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Hizbullah+says+it%27s+getting+ready+for+new+war+with+Israel&rft.date=2009-11-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.jpost.com%2Fservlet%2FSatellite%3Fpagename%3DJPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull%26cid%3D1257455206498&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Blanford, Nicholas (2011). (https://books.google.com/books?id=lJWGvIcmODoC&q=resistance+brigades+lebanon+2008&pg=PT582) Warriors of God: Inside Hezbollah's Thirty-Year Struggle Against Israel  . New York: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_House) (Random House) Random House . p. 582. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-679-60516-4) (Special:BookSources/978-0-679-60516-4) 978-0-679-60516-4  . Retrieved 26 April 2014 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Warriors+of+God%3A+Inside+Hezbollah%27s+Thirty-Year+Struggle+Against+Israel&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=582&rft.pub=Random+House&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-679-60516-4&rft.aulast=Blanford&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlJWGvIcmODoC%26q%3Dresistance%2Bbrigades%2Blebanon%2B2008%26pg%3DPT582&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Lebanon-News/2013/Nov-13/237718-wariness-of-resistance-brigades-grows-in-sidon.ashx) "Wariness of Resistance Brigades grows in Sidon" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Daily_Star_(Lebanon)) (The Daily Star (Lebanon)) Daily Star  . 13 November 2013. Retrieved 26 April 2014 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Star&rft.atitle=Wariness+of+Resistance+Brigades+grows+in+Sidon&rft.date=2013-11-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailystar.com.lb%2FNews%2FLebanon-News%2F2013%2FNov-13%2F237718-wariness-of-resistance-brigades-grows-in-sidon.ashx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Nizar Abdel-Kader. (https://web.archive.org/web/20060404030400/http://www.lebarmy.gov.lb/article.asp?ln=en&id=6915) "Iraq and the Future of Gulf Security Cooperation: A Lebanese perspective" . Lebanese Army Magazine . Archived from (https://www.lebarmy.gov.lb/article.asp?ln=en&id=6915) the original on 4 April 2006. Retrieved 25 July 2006 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lebanese+Army+Magazine&rft.atitle=Iraq+and+the+Future+of+Gulf+Security+Cooperation%3A+A+Lebanese+perspective&rft.au=Nizar+Abdel-Kader&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lebarmy.gov.lb%2Farticle.asp%3Fln%3Den%26id%3D6915&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   Third World Quarterly, Vol 14, No 2, 1993, reprinted at Al Mashriq (http://almashriq.hiof.no/ddc/projects/pspa/hamzeh2.html) Lebanon's Hizbullah: from Islamic revolution to parliamentary accommodation Accessed 26 July 2006  ↑   Rex A. Hudson, (https://fas.org/irp/threat/frd.html) "The Sociology and Psychology of Terrorism: Who Becomes a Terrorist and Why?" (https://web.archive.org/web/20171212213650/https://fas.org/irp/threat/frd.html) Archived 12 December 2017 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)  , Federal Research Division, Library of Congress (September 1999). Retrieved 17 August 2006  ↑   Nasr, Vali, The Shia Revival , Norton, (2006), p. 115  1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/may/26/newsid_2496000/2496423.stm) "2000: Hezbollah celebrates Israeli retreat" . BBC News. 26 May 2000. Retrieved 25 July 2006 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=2000%3A+Hezbollah+celebrates+Israeli+retreat&rft.date=2000-05-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fonthisday%2Fhi%2Fdates%2Fstories%2Fmay%2F26%2Fnewsid_2496000%2F2496423.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    1  2  3   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/tehranbureau/2009/10/the-1983-beirut-bombing-attack.html) "The Fog over the 1983 Beirut Attacks" . FRONTLINE - Tehran Bureau . Retrieved 16 October 2024 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FRONTLINE+-+Tehran+Bureau&rft.atitle=The+Fog+over+the+1983+Beirut+Attacks&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Fpages%2Ffrontline%2Ftehranbureau%2F2009%2F10%2Fthe-1983-beirut-bombing-attack.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   Daher 2019 , pp. 70–71.  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.camera.org/article/timeline-of-hezbollah-violence/) "Timeline of Hezbollah Violence" . CAMERA . Retrieved 6 April 2026 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CAMERA&rft.atitle=Timeline+of+Hezbollah+Violence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.camera.org%2Farticle%2Ftimeline-of-hezbollah-violence%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    1  2  3   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20100519041131/http://www.cfr.org/publication/9155/) "Hezbollah (a.k.a. Hizbollah, Hizbu'llah) - Council on Foreign Relations" . www.cfr.org . Archived from (http://www.cfr.org/publication/9155/) the original on 19 May 2010. Retrieved 6 April 2026 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cfr.org&rft.atitle=Hezbollah+%28a.k.a.+Hizbollah%2C+Hizbu%27llah%29+-+Council+on+Foreign+Relations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cfr.org%2Fpublication%2F9155%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Volo, James M. (2010). A history of war resistance in America . Santa Barbara (Calif.): Greenwood. pp. 47– 48. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-37624-5) (Special:BookSources/978-0-313-37624-5) 978-0-313-37624-5  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+history+of+war+resistance+in+America&rft.place=Santa+Barbara+%28Calif.%29&rft.pages=47-48&rft.pub=Greenwood&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-313-37624-5&rft.aulast=Volo&rft.aufirst=James+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/lebanon/tl03.html) "FRONTLINE/WORLD . Lebanon - Party of God . Bullets to Ballot Box: A History of Hezbollah . 1983-1991: Target America" . PBS . Retrieved 8 October 2024 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PBS&rft.atitle=FRONTLINE%2FWORLD+.+Lebanon+-+Party+of+God+.+Bullets+to+Ballot+Box%3A+A+History+of+Hezbollah+.+1983-1991%3A+Target+America&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Ffrontlineworld%2Fstories%2Flebanon%2Ftl03.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    1  2  3   Daher 2019 , p. 71.  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Worley, D. Robert (2011). (https://books.google.com/books?id=X8KBAwAAQBAJ&dq=lebanon+hostage+crisis+hezbollah+1982+1992&pg=PA134) Aligning Ends, Ways, and Means  . Lulu.com. p. 134. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1105333323) (Special:BookSources/978-1105333323) 978-1105333323  . Retrieved 14 May 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aligning+Ends%2C+Ways%2C+and+Means&rft.pages=134&rft.pub=Lulu.com&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1105333323&rft.aulast=Worley&rft.aufirst=D.+Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DX8KBAwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dlebanon%2Bhostage%2Bcrisis%2Bhezbollah%2B1982%2B1992%26pg%3DPA134&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   Norton 2018 , p. 61.sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFNorton2018 ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors) (Category:Harv and Sfn template errors) help ) (./Category:Harv_and_Sfn_multiple-target_errors)    1  2  3   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Levitt, Matthew (2013). Hezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God . Georgetown University Press. p. 102. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84904-333-5) (Special:BookSources/978-1-84904-333-5) 978-1-84904-333-5  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hezbollah%3A+The+Global+Footprint+of+Lebanon%27s+Party+of+God&rft.pages=102&rft.pub=Georgetown+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-84904-333-5&rft.aulast=Levitt&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/47/473.html) Argentine trials may shed light on Panama mystery , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Jackson_(journalist)) (Eric Jackson (journalist)) Eric Jackson , Panama News Online, 17 October 2001.  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Leonnig, Carol D. (23 December 2006). (https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/12/22/AR2006122200455.html) "Iran Held Liable In Khobar Attack" . The Washington Post . Retrieved 26 September 2014 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Iran+Held+Liable+In+Khobar+Attack&rft.date=2006-12-23&rft.aulast=Leonnig&rft.aufirst=Carol+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2006%2F12%2F22%2FAR2006122200455.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.foxnews.com/story/fast-facts-hezbollah) "Fast Facts: Hezbollah" . Fox News. 13 July 2006. (https://web.archive.org/web/20101024071340/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0%2C2933%2C203277%2C00.html) Archived from the original on 24 October 2010. Retrieved 20 October 2012 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Fast+Facts%3A+Hezbollah&rft.date=2006-07-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fstory%2Ffast-facts-hezbollah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (http://www.stratfor.com/analysis/lebanon_hezbollah_and_jan_15_bombing) Lebanon: Hezbollah and the Jan 15 Bombing  Stratfor, 15 January 2008  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Politics/Apr/24/Egypts-Brotherhood-backs-Hizbullah-in-spat-with-Cairo.ashx) "Egypt's Brotherhood backs Hizbullah in spat with Cairo" . The Daily Star . 24 April 2009. Retrieved 4 September 2013 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=Egypt%27s+Brotherhood+backs+Hizbullah+in+spat+with+Cairo&rft.date=2009-04-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailystar.com.lb%2FNews%2FPolitics%2FApr%2F24%2FEgypts-Brotherhood-backs-Hizbullah-in-spat-with-Cairo.ashx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://www.aljazeera.com/news/europe/2013/02/20132515350158754.html) "Hezbollah suspected in Bulgaria bus bombing" . Al Jazeera. 5 February 2013. Retrieved 6 February 2013 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Hezbollah+suspected+in+Bulgaria+bus+bombing&rft.date=2013-02-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2Feurope%2F2013%2F02%2F20132515350158754.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Levitt, Matthew (2013). Hezbollah: The Global Footprint of Lebanon's Party of God . Georgetown University Press. p. 297. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84904-333-5) (Special:BookSources/978-1-84904-333-5) 978-1-84904-333-5  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hezbollah%3A+The+Global+Footprint+of+Lebanon%27s+Party+of+God&rft.pages=297&rft.pub=Georgetown+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-84904-333-5&rft.aulast=Levitt&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20161129064421/http://www.worldaffairsjournal.org/article/iran-balkans-history-and-forecast) "Iran in the Balkans: A History and a Forecast" . World Affairs Journal . Archived from the original on 29 November 2016. Retrieved 27 February 2016 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=World+Affairs+Journal&rft.atitle=Iran+in+the+Balkans%3A+A+History+and+a+Forecast&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldaffairsjournal.org%2Farticle%2Firan-balkans-history-and-forecast&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)  (./Category:CS1:_unfit_URL)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Fisk, Robert (7 September 2014). (https://web.archive.org/web/20180717080303/https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/comment/after-the-atrocities-committed-against-muslims-in-bosnia-it-is-no-wonder-today-s-jihadis-have-set-9717384.html) "After the atrocities committed against Muslims in Bosnia, it is no wonder today's jihadis have set out on the path to war in Syria" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Independent) (The Independent) The Independent  . Archived from (https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/comment/after-the-atrocities-committed-against-muslims-in-bosnia-it-is-no-wonder-today-s-jihadis-have-set-9717384.html) the original on 17 July 2018. Retrieved 25 March 2016 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=After+the+atrocities+committed+against+Muslims+in+Bosnia%2C+it+is+no+wonder+today%27s+jihadis+have+set+out+on+the+path+to+war+in+Syria&rft.date=2014-09-07&rft.aulast=Fisk&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fvoices%2Fcomment%2Fafter-the-atrocities-committed-against-muslims-in-bosnia-it-is-no-wonder-today-s-jihadis-have-set-9717384.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://www.ynet.co.il/english/articles/0,7340,L-3284732,00.html) "Operation Accountability – Increased Israeli casualties led to Operation Accountability in 1993" . ynet . Ynet.co.il. 25 July 1993. Retrieved 21 May 2011 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ynet&rft.atitle=Operation+Accountability+%E2%80%93+Increased+Israeli+casualties+led+to+Operation+Accountability+in+1993&rft.date=1993-07-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynet.co.il%2Fenglish%2Farticles%2F0%2C7340%2CL-3284732%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20071020030018/http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/engMDE150421996) "Israel/Lebanon, Unlawful Killings During Operation 'Grapes of Wrath' " . BBC News. 24 July 1996. Archived from (http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/engMDE150421996) the original on 20 October 2007. Retrieved 24 October 2007 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Boston+Review&rft.atitle=Hizbullah%27s+New+Face&rft.date=2005-04%2F2005-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbostonreview.net%2FBR30.2%2Fcobban.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20130421053944/http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/2000_2009/2001/2/Israelis%20Held%20by%20the%20Hizbullah%20-%20Oct%202000-Jan%202004) "Israelis Held by the Hizbullah – October 2000 – January 2004" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mfa.gov.il) (Mfa.gov.il) mfa.gov.il . Archived from (http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/2000_2009/2001/2/Israelis%20Held%20by%20the%20Hizbullah%20-%20Oct%202000-Jan%202004) the original on 21 April 2013. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Israelis+Held+by+the+Hizbullah+%E2%80%93+October+2000+%E2%80%93+January+2004&rft.pub=mfa.gov.il&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfa.gov.il%2FMFA%2FMFAArchive%2F2000_2009%2F2001%2F2%2FIsraelis%2520Held%2520by%2520the%2520Hizbullah%2520-%2520Oct%25202000-Jan%25202004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://edition.cnn.com/2004/WORLD/meast/01/29/prisoner.exchange/) "Israel, Hezbollah swap prisoners" . CNN. 29 January 2004. Retrieved 2 April 2010 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Israel%2C+Hezbollah+swap+prisoners&rft.date=2004-01-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2004%2FWORLD%2Fmeast%2F01%2F29%2Fprisoner.exchange%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   Stevn, Yoav and Eli Ashkenazi. 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Computerised+weaponry+and+high+morale&rft.date=2006-08-11&rft.aulast=Urquhart&rft.aufirst=Conal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fisrael%2FStory%2F0%2C%2C1842276%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Bard, Mitchell (24 July 2006). (https://web.archive.org/web/20060819122710/http://aijac.org.au/resources/hezb_00-06.html) "Hezbollah Attacks Since May 2000" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AIJAC) (AIJAC) AIJAC . Archived from (http://www.aijac.org.au/resources/hezb_00-06.html) the original on 19 August 2006. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hezbollah+Attacks+Since+May+2000&rft.pub=AIJAC&rft.date=2006-07-24&rft.au=Bard%2C+Mitchell&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aijac.org.au%2Fresources%2Fhezb_00-06.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  MacIntyre, Donald; Silver, Eric (14 July 2006). (https://web.archive.org/web/20140125233429/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/israel-widens-bombing-campaign-as-lebanese-militia-groups-retaliate-407859.html) "Israel widens bombing campaign as Lebanese militia groups retaliate" . The Independent . UK. Archived from (https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/israel-widens-bombing-campaign-as-lebanese-militia-groups-retaliate-407859.html) the original on 25 January 2014. Retrieved 27 January 2011 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Israel+widens+bombing+campaign+as+Lebanese+militia+groups+retaliate&rft.date=2006-07-14&rft.aulast=MacIntyre&rft.aufirst=Donald&rft.au=Silver%2C+Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fisrael-widens-bombing-campaign-as-lebanese-militia-groups-retaliate-407859.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Fisk) (Robert Fisk) Fisk, Robert (22 May 2012). (https://web.archive.org/web/20190402112123/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/cloud-of-syrias-war-hangs-over-lebanese-clerics-death-7771366.html) "Cloud of Syria's war hangs over Lebanese cleric's death" . The Independent . London. Archived from (https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/cloud-of-syrias-war-hangs-over-lebanese-clerics-death-7771366.html) the original on 2 April 2019. Retrieved 17 May 2013 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Cloud+of+Syria%27s+war+hangs+over+Lebanese+cleric%27s+death&rft.date=2012-05-22&rft.aulast=Fisk&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fcloud-of-syrias-war-hangs-over-lebanese-clerics-death-7771366.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   Reuters, 12 September 2006; Al-Hayat (London), 13 September 2006  ↑   "Country Report –  Lebanon", The Economist Intelligence Unit, no. 4 (2006), pp. 3–6.  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Fisk) (Robert Fisk) Fisk, Robert (17 August 2006). (https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/commentators/fisk/robert-fisk-lebanons-pain-grows-by-the-hour-as-death-toll-hits-1300-412170.html) "Lebanon's pain grows by the hour as death toll hits 1,300" . The Independent . London. Retrieved 17 May 2013 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Lebanon%27s+pain+grows+by+the+hour+as+death+toll+hits+1%2C300&rft.date=2006-08-17&rft.aulast=Fisk&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fvoices%2Fcommentators%2Ffisk%2Frobert-fisk-lebanons-pain-grows-by-the-hour-as-death-toll-hits-1300-412170.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20060927025252/http://www.lebanonundersiege.gov.lb/english/F/Main/index.asp) "Lebanon Under Siege" . Presidency of the Council of Ministers – Higher Relief Council (Lebanon). 9 November 2006. Archived from (http://www.lebanonundersiege.gov.lb/english/F/Main/index.asp) the original on 27 September 2006. Retrieved 30 August 2008 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lebanon+Under+Siege&rft.pub=Presidency+of+the+Council+of+Ministers+%E2%80%93+Higher+Relief+Council+%28Lebanon%29&rft.date=2006-11-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lebanonundersiege.gov.lb%2Fenglish%2FF%2FMain%2Findex.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Katz, Yaakov; Hendel, Yoaz (2012). (https://books.google.com/books?id=tOqm7DVyyoMC) Israel Vs. Iran: The Shadow War  . Potomac Books, Inc. p. 17. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781597978866) (Special:BookSources/9781597978866) 9781597978866  . Retrieved 14 May 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Israel+Vs.+Iran%3A+The+Shadow+War&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=Potomac+Books%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9781597978866&rft.aulast=Katz&rft.aufirst=Yaakov&rft.au=Hendel%2C+Yoaz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtOqm7DVyyoMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   H. Varulkar, "(http://www.memri.org/report/en/print4441.htm) Internal Conflict in Lebanon Over Control of Oil and Gas Resources ", MEMRI, Inquiry & Analysis Series Report No. 624 (12 July 2010). Retrieved 5 May 2013.  1  2   Quoting Washington sources, the paper said the attack was meant to avenge the death of Iranian nuclear scientist Masoud Ali Mohammadi who was killed last year. ... Turkish intelligence first attributed the Istanbul attack ... to the Kurdish resistance, but later concluded that Hezbollah, working on behalf of Iran, had organised it. According to the report, three Hezbollah operatives arrived in Istanbul from Beirut to assassinate Kimchi. (http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4096901,00.html) "Report: Hezbollah tried to kill Israeli consul." Ynetnews . 18 July 2011.  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Ravid, Barak (14 July 2012). (https://web.archive.org/web/20120714165542/http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/man-detained-in-cyprus-was-planning-attack-on-israeli-targets-for-hezbollah-1.451000) "Man detained in Cyprus was planning attack on Israeli targets for Hezbollah" . Haaretz . Archived from (https://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/man-detained-in-cyprus-was-planning-attack-on-israeli-targets-for-hezbollah-1.451000) the original on 14 July 2012. Retrieved 15 July 2012 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Man+detained+in+Cyprus+was+planning+attack+on+Israeli+targets+for+Hezbollah&rft.date=2012-07-14&rft.aulast=Ravid&rft.aufirst=Barak&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fnews%2Fdiplomacy-defense%2Fman-detained-in-cyprus-was-planning-attack-on-israeli-targets-for-hezbollah-1.451000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4255300,00.html) "PMO: Iran connected to Hezbollah activity in Cyprus" . Yedioth Ahronot . 14 July 2012. Retrieved 15 July 2012 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yedioth+Ahronot&rft.atitle=PMO%3A+Iran+connected+to+Hezbollah+activity+in+Cyprus&rft.date=2012-07-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynetnews.com%2Farticles%2F0%2C7340%2CL-4255300%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    1  2   Tsvetelia Tsolova, "(https://www.reuters.com/article/us-bulgaria-bombing-idUSBRE9140TZ20130205) Bulgaria blames Hezbollah in bomb attack on Israeli tourists ", (https://web.archive.org/web/20151015233342/http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/02/05/us-bulgaria-bombing-idUSBRE9140TZ20130205) Archived 15 October 2015 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)  Reuters (5 February 2013). Retrieved 5 May 2013.  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Goldenberg, Tia (6 February 2013). (https://www.timesofisrael.com/israel-unlikely-to-retaliate-after-bulgaria-report/) "Israel unlikely to retaliate after Bulgaria report. Times of Israel. Jan 2013" . The Times of Israel . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Israel+unlikely+to+retaliate+after+Bulgaria+report.+Times+of+Israel.+Jan+2013&rft.date=2013-02-06&rft.aulast=Goldenberg&rft.aufirst=Tia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fisrael-unlikely-to-retaliate-after-bulgaria-report%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20130206075459/http://www.jpost.com/DiplomacyAndPolitics/Article.aspx?id=302198) "Bulgaria: Hezbollah behind Burgas attack" . 5 February 2013. Archived from (https://www.jpost.com/DiplomacyAndPolitics/Article.aspx?id=302198) the original on 6 February 2013. Retrieved 6 February 2013 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bulgaria%3A+Hezbollah+behind+Burgas+attack&rft.date=2013-02-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FDiplomacyAndPolitics%2FArticle.aspx%3Fid%3D302198&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (http://www.newsweek.com/tel-aviv-diary-netanyahu-loses-his-security-edge-302676) "Tel Aviv Diary: Netanyahu Loses His Security Edge" , Marc Schulman, 28 Januari 2015, Newsweek   ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Goldenberg, Tia; Shurafa, Wafaa (8 October 2023). (https://apnews.com/article/israel-palestinians-gaza-hamas-rockets-airstrikes-tel-aviv-ca7903976387cfc1e1011ce9ea805a71) "Hezbollah and Israel exchange fire as Israeli soldiers battle Hamas on second day of surprise attack" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated_Press_News) (Associated Press News) Associated Press News  . (https://web.archive.org/web/20231008051308/https://apnews.com/article/israel-palestinians-gaza-hamas-rockets-airstrikes-tel-aviv-ca7903976387cfc1e1011ce9ea805a71) Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press+News&rft.atitle=Hezbollah+and+Israel+exchange+fire+as+Israeli+soldiers+battle+Hamas+on+second+day+of+surprise+attack&rft.date=2023-10-08&rft.aulast=Goldenberg&rft.aufirst=Tia&rft.au=Shurafa%2C+Wafaa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fisrael-palestinians-gaza-hamas-rockets-airstrikes-tel-aviv-ca7903976387cfc1e1011ce9ea805a71&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israel-strikes-lebanon-after-hezbollah-hits-shebaa-farms-2023-10-08/) "Israel, Hezbollah exchange artillery, rocket fire" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuters) (Reuters) Reuters  . 8 October 2023. (https://web.archive.org/web/20231008065933/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israel-strikes-lebanon-after-hezbollah-hits-shebaa-farms-2023-10-08/) Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Israel%2C+Hezbollah+exchange+artillery%2C+rocket+fire&rft.date=2023-10-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fisrael-strikes-lebanon-after-hezbollah-hits-shebaa-farms-2023-10-08%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cx2d3gj9ewxo) "Lebanon ceasefire: What we know about Israel-Hezbollah deal" . www.bbc.com . 27 November 2024. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=www.bbc.com&rft.atitle=Lebanon+ceasefire%3A+What+we+know+about+Israel-Hezbollah+deal&rft.date=2024-11-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2Fcx2d3gj9ewxo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Rebeiz, Mireille (11 December 2024). (https://theconversation.com/assads-fall-in-syria-will-further-weaken-hezbollah-and-curtails-tehrans-iranization-of-region-245606) "Assad's fall in Syria will further weaken Hezbollah and curtails Tehran's 'Iranization' of region" . The Conversation . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Conversation&rft.atitle=Assad%27s+fall+in+Syria+will+further+weaken+Hezbollah+and+curtails+Tehran%27s+%27Iranization%27+of+region&rft.date=2024-12-11&rft.aulast=Rebeiz&rft.aufirst=Mireille&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Fassads-fall-in-syria-will-further-weaken-hezbollah-and-curtails-tehrans-iranization-of-region-245606&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Massoud (31 March 2025). (https://janoubia.com/2025/03/31/%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B4-%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84-%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A3%D8%B6%D8%AE%D9%85-%D9%85%D8%B9/) "خاص: الجيش و"اليونيفيل" يدخلان أضخم معسكر أسلحة وتخزين في زوطر الشرقية" . جنوبية (in Arabic). Retrieved 1 April 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9&rft.atitle=%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5%3A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B4+%D9%88%22%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%22+%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86+%D8%A3%D8%B6%D8%AE%D9%85+%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B3%D9%83%D8%B1+%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A9+%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%B2%D9%8A%D9%86+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%B7%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9&rft.date=2025-03-31&rft.au=Massoud&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjanoubia.com%2F2025%2F03%2F31%2F%25D8%25AE%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B5-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AC%25D9%258A%25D8%25B4-%25D9%2588%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%258A%25D9%2588%25D9%2586%25D9%258A%25D9%2581%25D9%258A%25D9%2584-%25D9%258A%25D8%25AF%25D8%25AE%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586-%25D8%25A3%25D8%25B6%25D8%25AE%25D9%2585-%25D9%2585%25D8%25B9%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)  (./Category:CS1_Arabic-language_sources_(ar))    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Christou, William (2 March 2026). (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2026/mar/02/israel-idf-strikes-hezbollah-beirut-lebanon-iran-war) "Israel strikes Hezbollah in Lebanon after Iran-allied group launches missiles over the border" . The Guardian . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) (ISSN (identifier)) ISSN  (https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077) 0261-3077 . Retrieved 2 March 2026 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Israel+strikes+Hezbollah+in+Lebanon+after+Iran-allied+group+launches+missiles+over+the+border&rft.date=2026-03-02&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Christou&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2026%2Fmar%2F02%2Fisrael-idf-strikes-hezbollah-beirut-lebanon-iran-war&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.theguardian.com/international) "Latest news, sport and opinion from the Guardian" . www.theguardian.com . Retrieved 2 March 2026 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.theguardian.com&rft.atitle=Latest+news%2C+sport+and+opinion+from+the+Guardian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Finternational&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.theweek.in/news/middle-east/2026/03/02/israel-bombs-lebanon-as-hezbollah-joins-war-to-retaliate-khameneis-killing.html) "Israel bombs Beirut as Hezbollah joins war to 'retaliate' for Khamenei's killing" . The Week . Retrieved 2 March 2026 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Week&rft.atitle=Israel+bombs+Beirut+as+Hezbollah+joins+war+to+%27retaliate%27+for+Khamenei%27s+killing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theweek.in%2Fnews%2Fmiddle-east%2F2026%2F03%2F02%2Fisrael-bombs-lebanon-as-hezbollah-joins-war-to-retaliate-khameneis-killing.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Summer Said; Omar Abdel-Baqui (31 October 2025). (https://www.wsj.com/world/middle-east/hezbollah-is-rearming-putting-cease-fire-at-risk-c6d20e3c) "Hezbollah Is Rearming, Putting Cease-Fire at Risk" . The Wall Street Journal . Retrieved 2 November 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Hezbollah+Is+Rearming%2C+Putting+Cease-Fire+at+Risk&rft.date=2025-10-31&rft.au=Summer+Said&rft.au=Omar+Abdel-Baqui&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fhezbollah-is-rearming-putting-cease-fire-at-risk-c6d20e3c&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.newarab.com/news/israel-weighs-escalation-lebanon-amid-hezbollah-buildup-claim) "Israel weighs escalation in Lebanon amid Hezbollah buildup claims" . The New Arab . 31 October 2025. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Arab&rft.atitle=Israel+weighs+escalation+in+Lebanon+amid+Hezbollah+buildup+claims&rft.date=2025-10-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newarab.com%2Fnews%2Fisrael-weighs-escalation-lebanon-amid-hezbollah-buildup-claim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Hafezi, Parisa; Stewart, Phil (2 March 2026). (https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israel-strikes-lebanon-following-hezbollah-attacks-widening-iran-conflict-2026-03-02/) "Iran conflict widens to Lebanon, Kuwait mistakenly downs US jets" . Reuters . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Iran+conflict+widens+to+Lebanon%2C+Kuwait+mistakenly+downs+US+jets&rft.date=2026-03-02&rft.aulast=Hafezi&rft.aufirst=Parisa&rft.au=Stewart%2C+Phil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fisrael-strikes-lebanon-following-hezbollah-attacks-widening-iran-conflict-2026-03-02%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://sana.sy/en/syria/2329911/) "Syria's Interior Ministry seizes advanced weapons shipment bound for Hezbollah" . Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA) . 16 July 2026. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Syrian+Arab+News+Agency+%28SANA%29&rft.atitle=Syria%E2%80%99s+Interior+Ministry+seizes+advanced+weapons+shipment+bound+for+Hezbollah&rft.date=2026-07-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsana.sy%2Fen%2Fsyria%2F2329911%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Follath, Erich (23 May 2009). (http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/0,1518,626412,00.html) "New Evidence Points to Hezbollah in Hariri Murder" . Der Spiegel . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Der+Spiegel&rft.atitle=New+Evidence+Points+to+Hezbollah+in+Hariri+Murder&rft.date=2009-05-23&rft.aulast=Follath&rft.aufirst=Erich&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Finternational%2Fworld%2F0%2C1518%2C626412%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20100811000848/http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/nasrallah-israel-used-secret-agent-to-turn-lebanon-gov-t-against-hezbollah-1.307008) "Nasrallah: Israel used secret agent to turn Lebanon gov't against Hezbollah" . Haaretz . 9 August 2010. Archived from (https://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/nasrallah-israel-used-secret-agent-to-turn-lebanon-gov-t-against-hezbollah-1.307008) the original on 11 August 2010. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Nasrallah%3A+Israel+used+secret+agent+to+turn+Lebanon+gov%27t+against+Hezbollah&rft.date=2010-08-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fnews%2Fdiplomacy-defense%2Fnasrallah-israel-used-secret-agent-to-turn-lebanon-gov-t-against-hezbollah-1.307008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20121026125908/http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/lebanon-pm-un-must-probe-claims-of-israeli-complicity-in-hariri-murder-1.307587?localLinksEnabled=false) "Lebanon PM: UN must probe claims of Israeli complicity in Hariri murder" . Haaretz . 12 August 2010. Archived from (https://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/lebanon-pm-un-must-probe-claims-of-israeli-complicity-in-hariri-murder-1.307587?localLinksEnabled=false) the original on 26 October 2012. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Lebanon+PM%3A+UN+must+probe+claims+of+Israeli+complicity+in+Hariri+murder&rft.date=2010-08-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fnews%2Fdiplomacy-defense%2Flebanon-pm-un-must-probe-claims-of-israeli-complicity-in-hariri-murder-1.307587%3FlocalLinksEnabled%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-13972350) "Hariri murder: UN tribunal issues arrest warrants" . BBC News. 30 June 2011. Retrieved 3 July 2011 . 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BBC News . 17 August 2020. Retrieved 20 May 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Rafik+Hariri+tribunal%3A+Guilty+verdict+over+assassination+of+Lebanon+ex-PM&rft.date=2020-08-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-53601710&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Barnard, Anne (9 July 2013). (https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/10/world/middleeast/syria.html) "Car Bombing Injures Dozens in Hezbollah Section of Beirut" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times) (The New York Times) The New York Times  . Retrieved 30 August 2013 . Hezbollah has portrayed the Syrian uprising as an Israeli-backed plot to destroy its alliance with Mr. Assad against Israel.  (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Car+Bombing+Injures+Dozens+in+Hezbollah+Section+of+Beirut&rft.date=2013-07-09&rft.aulast=Barnard&rft.aufirst=Anne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F07%2F10%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fsyria.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Abdo, Geneive (7 June 2013). (http://www.cnn.com/2013/06/07/opinion/abdo-shia-sunni-tension/index.html) "Why Sunni-Shia conflict is worsening" . June 7, 2013 . CNN. Retrieved 12 September 2013 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=France24&rft.atitle=Hezbollah+leader+vows+to+fight+Islamic+State+group+%27everywhere%27&rft.date=2015-05-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2F20150525-hezbollah-fight-islamic-state-syria-nasrallah-lebanon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-hezbollah-idUSKCN1B42C2) "Hezbollah seizes much of Islamic State enclave on Syrian-Lebanese border: Nasrallah" . Reuters . 24 August 2017. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Hezbollah+seizes+much+of+Islamic+State+enclave+on+Syrian-Lebanese+border%3A+Nasrallah&rft.date=2017-08-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-mideast-crisis-hezbollah-idUSKCN1B42C2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://www.aljazeera.com//news/middleeast/2012/08/2012810164625825716.html) "US adds Hezbollah to Syria sanctions list" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Jazeera_Media_Network) (Al Jazeera Media Network) Al Jazeera . 10 August 2012. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=US+adds+Hezbollah+to+Syria+sanctions+list&rft.date=2012-08-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2F%2Fnews%2Fmiddleeast%2F2012%2F08%2F2012810164625825716.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://www.arabamericannews.com/news/index.php?mod=article&cat=ArabWorld&article=6018) "Drone flight over Israel: Nasrallah's latest surprise" . 10 January 2009. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Drone+flight+over+Israel%3A+Nasrallah%27s+latest+surprise&rft.date=2009-01-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arabamericannews.com%2Fnews%2Findex.php%3Fmod%3Darticle%26cat%3DArabWorld%26article%3D6018&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Hirst, David (23 October 2012). (http://www.dailystar.com.lb/Opinion/Commentary/2012/Oct-23/192380-hezbollah-uses-its-military-power-in-a-contradictory-manner.ashx) "Hezbollah uses its military power in a contradictory manner" . The Daily Star . Beirut. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=Hezbollah+uses+its+military+power+in+a+contradictory+manner&rft.date=2012-10-23&rft.aulast=Hirst&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailystar.com.lb%2FOpinion%2FCommentary%2F2012%2FOct-23%2F192380-hezbollah-uses-its-military-power-in-a-contradictory-manner.ashx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20130218122629/http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2013/02/17/266843.html) "Hezbollah fighters, Syrian rebels killed in border fighting" . Al Arabiya. 17 February 2013. 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Retrieved 26 February 2013 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=Baalbek+figures+urge+Hezbollah+to+stop+fighting+in+Syria&rft.date=2013-02-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailystar.com.lb%2FNews%2FPolitics%2F2013%2FFeb-25%2F207786-baalbek-figures-urge-hezbollah-to-stop-fighting-in-syria.ashx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (https://www.timesofisrael.com/syrian-rebels-claim-successful-attack-on-hezbollah/) "Syrian rebels claim successful attack on Hezbollah" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times_of_Israel) (The Times of Israel) The Times of Israel  , 26 February 2013. Retrieved 26 February 2013.  1  2   (http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Politics/2013/Feb-19/207007-march-14-psp-slam-hezbollah-activities-in-syria.ashx) "March 14, PSP slam Hezbollah activities in Syria" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Daily_Star_(Lebanon)) (The Daily Star (Lebanon)) The Daily Star  , 19 February 2013. Retrieved 26 February 2013.  ↑   (http://www.yalibnan.com/2013/02/26/hezbollah-fighters-dying-in-syria-will-go-to-hell-tufaili/) "Hezbollah fighters dying in Syria will go to hell, Tufaili" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ya_Libnan) (Ya Libnan) Ya Libnan , 26 February 2013. Retrieved 26 February 2013.  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20231204073503/http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Politics/2013/Feb-24/207737-rival-lebanese-groups-fighting-in-syria-jumblatt.ashx) "Rival Lebanese groups fighting in Syria: Jumblatt" . www.dailystar.com.lb . Archived from (http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Politics/2013/Feb-24/207737-rival-lebanese-groups-fighting-in-syria-jumblatt.ashx) the original on 4 December 2023. Retrieved 6 April 2026 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Telemundo&rft.atitle=Hezbollah+builds+a+Western+base&rft.date=2007-05-09&rft.aulast=Gato&rft.aufirst=Pablo&rft.au=Windrem%2C+Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fid%2Fwbna17874369&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Talley, Ian (15 May 2018). (https://www.wsj.com/articles/hezbollah-said-to-be-laundering-money-in-south-american-tri-border-region-1526389849) "Hezbollah Said to Be Laundering Money in South American Tri-Border Region" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal) (The Wall Street Journal) The Wall Street Journal  . Retrieved 17 August 2018 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Could+Iran+%E2%80%93+and+Hezbollah+%E2%80%93+strike+in+Latin+America%3F&rft.date=2020-01-10&rft.aulast=Linthicum&rft.aufirst=Kate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fworld-nation%2Fstory%2F2020-01-10%2Fthe-trump-administration-is-warning-that-hezbollah-could-strike-in-latin-america&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Beauchamp, Zack (1 February 2016). (https://www.vox.com/2016/2/1/10891370/hezbollah-cartel-dea) "The DEA says it just busted a Hezbollah operation laundering money for drug cartels" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vox_(website)) (Vox (website)) Vox  . Retrieved 23 October 2023 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=In+the+Party+of+God&rft.date=2002-10-28&rft.aulast=Goldberg&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fmagazine%2F2002%2F10%2F28%2Fin-the-party-of-god-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Meyer, Josh (2017). (https://www.politico.com/interactives/2017/obama-hezbollah-drug-trafficking-investigation/) "The secret backstory of how Obama let Hezbollah off the hook" . Politico . Retrieved 17 August 2018 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Baghdad+Post&rft.atitle=Hezbollah+drug+cartels+in+Latin+America+target+GCC+states&rft.date=2018-04-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thebaghdadpost.com%2Fen%2FStory%2F25880%2FHezbollah-drug-cartels-in-Latin-America-target-GCC-states&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://edition.cnn.com/2013/06/03/world/americas/iran-latin-america) "Iran, Hezbollah mine Latin America for revenue, recruits, analysts say" . CNN. 4 June 2013. Retrieved 4 June 2013 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Iran%2C+Hezbollah+mine+Latin+America+for+revenue%2C+recruits%2C+analysts+say&rft.date=2013-06-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2013%2F06%2F03%2Fworld%2Famericas%2Firan-latin-america&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Ottolenghi, Emanuele (15 August 2018). (https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/06/15/lebanon-is-protecting-hezbollahs-cocaine-and-cash-trade-in-latin-america/) "Lebanon Is Protecting Hezbollah's Cocaine Trade in Latin America" . Foreign Policy . Retrieved 17 August 2018 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Pulitzer+Center&rft.atitle=What%27s+Behind+Nicaragua%27s+Rumored+Links+to+Hezbollah%3F&rft.date=2012-09-10&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpulitzercenter.org%2Fstories%2Fwhats-behind-nicaraguas-rumored-links-hezbollah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Humire, Joseph M. (7 October 2020). (https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/in-depth-research-reports/issue-brief/the-maduro-hezbollah-nexus-how-iran-backed-networks-prop-up-the-venezuelan-regime/) "The Maduro-Hezbollah Nexus: How Iran-backed Networks Prop up the Venezuelan Regime" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atlantic_Council) (Atlantic Council) Atlantic Council  . Retrieved 23 October 2023 . 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(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) (ISSN (identifier)) ISSN  (https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2300-8741) 2300-8741 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Security+and+Defence+Quarterly&rft.atitle=FARC-Hezbollah%3A+The+success+of+Venezuela-Iran+proxy+groups+and+their+convergence+in+the+Americas&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=117-134&rft.date=2020-12-30&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.35467%2Fsdq%2F130934&rft.issn=2300-8741&rft.aulast=P&rft.aufirst=Jeferson+Guarin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsecurityanddefence.pl%2FFARC-Hezbollah-The-success-of-Venezuela-Iran-proxy-groups-and-their-convergence-in%2C130934%2C0%2C2.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Vianna de Azevedo, Christian (2018). (https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/srhreports/violent-extremism/violent-extremism/18/) "Venezuela's toxic relations with Iran and Hezbollah: an avenue of violence, crime, corruption and terrorism" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florida_International_University) (Florida International University) Florida International University  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Florida+International+University&rft.atitle=Venezuela%27s+toxic+relations+with+Iran+and+Hezbollah%3A+an+avenue+of+violence%2C+crime%2C+corruption+and+terrorism&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Vianna+de+Azevedo&rft.aufirst=Christian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigitalcommons.fiu.edu%2Fsrhreports%2Fviolent-extremism%2Fviolent-extremism%2F18%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://worldview.stratfor.com/article/hezbollah-south-america-threat-businesses) "Hezbollah in South America: The Threat to Businesses" . Stratfor. 5 February 2018. Retrieved 17 August 2018 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hezbollah+in+South+America%3A+The+Threat+to+Businesses&rft.pub=Stratfor&rft.date=2018-02-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworldview.stratfor.com%2Farticle%2Fhezbollah-south-america-threat-businesses&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Neuman, William (2022). (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Things_Are_Never_So_Bad_That_They_Can't_Get_Worse) (Things Are Never So Bad That They Can't Get Worse) Things Are Never So Bad That They Can't Get Worse  . St. Martin's Publishing. pp. 278– 279. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781250266163) (Special:BookSources/9781250266163) 9781250266163  . 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(https://web.archive.org/web/20130622132039/http://www.reuters.com/article/2008/02/13/us-syria-blast-idUSL1350754620080213) Archived from the original on 22 June 2013. Retrieved 5 September 2013 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Hezbollah%27s+most+wanted+commander+killed+in+Syria+bomb&rft.date=2008-02-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-syria-blast-idUSL1350754620080213&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20150121134044/http://cached.newslookup.com/cached.php?ref_id=371&siteid=2302&id=3937984&t=1386190185) "Slain Hezbollah honcho held key role in drone program" . The Times Of Israel . Archived from (http://cached.newslookup.com/cached.php?ref_id=371&siteid=2302&id=3937984&t=1386190185) the original on 21 January 2015. Retrieved 22 January 2015 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Israeli+military+announces+assassination+of+key+Hezbollah+weapons+commander+Muhammad+Jaafar+Qasir&rft.date=2024-10-01&rft.issn=0971-8257&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fisraeli-military-announces-assassination-of-key-hezbollah-weapons-commander-muhammad-jaafar-qasir%2Farticleshow%2F113859592.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/israel-says-another-top-hezbollah-commander-killed-in-beirut-strike/3348538) "Israel says another top Hezbollah commander killed in Beirut strike" . www.aa.com.tr . Retrieved 24 March 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.aa.com.tr&rft.atitle=Israel+says+another+top+Hezbollah+commander+killed+in+Beirut+strike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aa.com.tr%2Fen%2Fmiddle-east%2Fisrael-says-another-top-hezbollah-commander-killed-in-beirut-strike%2F3348538&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cm242380133o) "Hezbollah confirms death of Nasrallah's heir apparent" . www.bbc.com . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=www.bbc.com&rft.atitle=Hezbollah+confirms+death+of+Nasrallah%27s+heir+apparent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2Fcm242380133o&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cx2ndzpwllxo) "Hezbollah spokesman Afif killed in Israeli strike in Beirut" . www.bbc.com . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=www.bbc.com&rft.atitle=Hezbollah+spokesman+Afif+killed+in+Israeli+strike+in+Beirut&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2Fcx2ndzpwllxo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2024/12/03/israel-strikes-car-on-damascus-airport-road) "Israeli strike near Damascus kills Hezbollah liaison with Syrian army" . Al Arabiya English . 3 December 2024. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Arabiya+English&rft.atitle=Israeli+strike+near+Damascus+kills+Hezbollah+liaison+with+Syrian+army&rft.date=2024-12-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.alarabiya.net%2FNews%2Fmiddle-east%2F2024%2F12%2F03%2Fisrael-strikes-car-on-damascus-airport-road&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.arabnews.com/tags/hassan-bdeir) "Hassan Bdeir" . Arab News . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Arab+News&rft.atitle=Hassan+Bdeir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.arabnews.com%2Ftags%2Fhassan-bdeir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  James A Russell; James J. Wirtz, eds. (2009). Globalization and WMD Proliferation: Terrorism, Transnational Networks and International Security . Routledge. p. 86. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-07970-4) (Special:BookSources/978-1-134-07970-4) 978-1-134-07970-4  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Globalization+and+WMD+Proliferation%3A+Terrorism%2C+Transnational+Networks+and+International+Security&rft.pages=86&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-134-07970-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://cjpme.nationbuilder.com/fs_184) "FS_184" . CJPME – English . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CJPME+%E2%80%93+English&rft.atitle=FS_184&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcjpme.nationbuilder.com%2Ffs_184&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Wright, Robin (16 July 2006). (https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/07/14/AR2006071401401.html) "Inside the Mind of Hezbollah" . The Washington Post . Retrieved 1 August 2006 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Inside+the+Mind+of+Hezbollah&rft.date=2006-07-16&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2006%2F07%2F14%2FAR2006071401401.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Saad-Ghorayeb, Amal (2002). (https://archive.org/details/hizbullahpolitic0000saad) Hizbul̉lah : politics and religion  . Internet Archive. London; Sterling, Va. : Pluto Press. p. 101. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7453-1793-9) (Special:BookSources/978-0-7453-1793-9) 978-0-7453-1793-9  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hizbul%CC%89lah+%3A+politics+and+religion&rft.pages=101&rft.pub=London%3B+Sterling%2C+Va.+%3A+Pluto+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-7453-1793-9&rft.aulast=Saad-Ghorayeb&rft.aufirst=Amal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhizbullahpolitic0000saad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Usher, Sebastian (13 May 2004). (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3710057.stm) "Muted Arab reaction to Berg beheading" . BBC News. Retrieved 5 September 2013 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Hezbollah+may+strike+in+Europe+at+any+time%3A+US&rft.date=2012-08-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2F20120810-hezbollah-may-strike-europe-time-us&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   Halliday, Fred. (http://www.opendemocracy.net/globalization/hizbollah_3757.jsp) "A Lebanese fragment: two days with Hizbollah." (https://web.archive.org/web/20060820114015/http://www.opendemocracy.net/globalization/hizbollah_3757.jsp) Archived 20 August 2006 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)  openDemocracy. 20 July 2006. 17 February 2007.  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Rabil, Robert G (Fall 2007). (http://www.meforum.org/1755/has-hezbollahs-rise-come-at-syrias-expense#_ftnref1) "Has Hezbollah's Rise Come at Syria's Expense?" . Middle East Quarterly : 43– 51. Retrieved 23 January 2015 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Has+Hezbollah%27s+Rise+Come+at+Syria%27s+Expense%3F&rft.ssn=fall&rft.pages=43-51&rft.date=2007&rft.au=Rabil%2C+Robert+G&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.meforum.org%2F1755%2Fhas-hezbollahs-rise-come-at-syrias-expense%23_ftnref1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Calamur, Krishnadev (28 August 2013). (https://www.npr.org/blogs/parallels/2013/08/28/216385513/who-are-syrias-friends-and-why-are-they-supporting-assad) "Who Are Syria's Friends And Why Are They Supporting Assad?" . Parallels. NPR. Retrieved 23 January 2015 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inside+Al+Qaeda%3A+Global+Network+of+Terror&rft.pages=146&rft.pub=Berkeley+Books&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780425191149&rft.aulast=Gunaratna&rft.aufirst=Rohan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSUYDmSGGLmYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   Stinson, Jeffrey. (https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2006-07-28-lebanon-hezbollah_x.htm) "Minister: Hezbollah doesn't need al-Qaeda's help fighting Israel in Lebanon" . USA Today . 28 July 2006. 17 February 2006.  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/5040974.stm) " 'Zarqawi tape' urges Sunni unrest" . BBC News. 2 June 2006. Retrieved 5 September 2013 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=New+terror+alliance+suspected+in+Iraq&rft.date=2003-08-13&rft.au=Boettcher%2C+Mike&rft.au=Schuster%2C+Henry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2003%2FWORLD%2Fmeast%2F08%2F13%2Firaq.terror%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://today.lorientlejour.com/article/1455817/hezbollah-logistics-support-network-dismantled-in-europe-according-to-le-figaro.html) "Hezbollah logistics support network dismantled in Europe, according to Le Figaro" . L'Orient Today . 12 April 2025. Retrieved 14 April 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=L%27Orient+Today&rft.atitle=Hezbollah+logistics+support+network+dismantled+in+Europe%2C+according+to+Le+Figaro&rft.date=2025-04-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftoday.lorientlejour.com%2Farticle%2F1455817%2Fhezbollah-logistics-support-network-dismantled-in-europe-according-to-le-figaro.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.lefigaro.fr/actualite-france/quand-le-hezbollah-achete-en-europe-le-materiel-pour-fabriquer-ses-drones-tueurs-20250411) "Quand le Hezbollah achète en Europe le matériel pour fabriquer ses drones tueurs" . Le Figaro (in French). 11 April 2025. Retrieved 14 April 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Le+Figaro&rft.atitle=Quand+le+Hezbollah+ach%C3%A8te+en+Europe+le+mat%C3%A9riel+pour+fabriquer+ses+drones+tueurs&rft.date=2025-04-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lefigaro.fr%2Factualite-france%2Fquand-le-hezbollah-achete-en-europe-le-materiel-pour-fabriquer-ses-drones-tueurs-20250411&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)  (./Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr))    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Stroul, Dana (23 September 2024). (https://www.foreignaffairs.com/israel/israel-and-hezbollah-are-escalating-toward-catastrophe) "Israel and Hezbollah Are Escalating Toward Catastrophe" . Foreign Affairs . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) (ISSN (identifier)) ISSN  (https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0015-7120) 0015-7120 . Retrieved 29 September 2024 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Online&rft.atitle=Lebanon+military+court+seeks+death+penalty+for+Samaha%2C+Mamlouk&rft.date=2013-02-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.middle-east-online.com%2Fenglish%2F%3Fid%3D57089&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Muir, Jim (9 August 2012). (https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-19200058) "Syria crisis: Lebanese detention highlights faultlines" . BBC . Beirut. Retrieved 29 December 2012 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.pollingreport.com&rft.atitle=Israel%2FPalestinians&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pollingreport.com%2Fisrael.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20230320170036/https://religion.blogs.cnn.com/2010/12/03/muslims-offer-mixed-views-on-hamas-hezbollah-reject-al-qaeda/) "Muslims offer mixed views on Hamas, Hezbollah, reject al Qaeda" . Archived from (https://religion.blogs.cnn.com/2010/12/03/muslims-offer-mixed-views-on-hamas-hezbollah-reject-al-qaeda/) the original on 20 March 2023. Retrieved 6 April 2026 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=In+Break%2C+Hamas+Supports+Syrian+Opposition&rft.date=2012-02-24&rft.aulast=Akram&rft.aufirst=Fares&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F02%2F25%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fhamas-leader-supports-syrian-opposition.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)     ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/lebanon-poll-shows-drop-hezbollah-support-even-among-shia-plurality-back-israel) "Lebanon Poll Shows Drop in Hezbollah Support, Even Among Shia; Plurality Back Israel Boundary Talks" . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Gulf+Cooperation+Council+Labels+Hezbollah+a+Terrorist+Group&rft.date=2016-03-02&rft.aulast=Fitch&rft.aufirst=Asa&rft.au=Dana+Ballout&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fgulf-cooperation-council-labels-hezbollah-a-terrorist-group-1456926654&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.mofa.gov.bh/Default.aspx?tabid=12342&language=en-US) "Bahrain Terrorist List (individuals – entities)" . Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of Bahrain. Retrieved 30 December 2020 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Public+Safety+Canada&rft.atitle=Currently+listed+entities&rft.date=2018-12-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.publicsafety.gc.ca%2Fcnt%2Fntnl-scrt%2Fcntr-trrrsm%2Flstd-ntts%2Fcrrnt-lstd-ntts-en.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    1  2  3   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.aa.com.tr/es/mundo/pompeo-celebra-designaci%C3%B3n-de-hezbol%C3%A1-como-terrorista-por-colombia-honduras-y-guatemala/1708812) "Pompeo celebra designación de Hezbolá como terrorista por Colombia, Honduras y Guatemala" [ Pompeo Celebrates Hezbollah's Designation as Terrorist by Colombia, Honduras and Guatemala] (in Spanish). (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anadolu_Agency) (Anadolu Agency) Anadolu Agency . 21 January 2020. (https://web.archive.org/web/20231106020835/https://www.aa.com.tr/es/mundo/pompeo-celebra-designaci%C3%B3n-de-hezbol%C3%A1-como-terrorista-por-colombia-honduras-y-guatemala/1708812) Archived from the original on 6 November 2023. Retrieved 6 November 2023 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pompeo+celebra+designaci%C3%B3n+de+Hezbol%C3%A1+como+terrorista+por+Colombia%2C+Honduras+y+Guatemala&rft.pub=Anadolu+Agency&rft.date=2020-01-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aa.com.tr%2Fes%2Fmundo%2Fpompeo-celebra-designaci%25C3%25B3n-de-hezbol%25C3%25A1-como-terrorista-por-colombia-honduras-y-guatemala%2F1708812&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)  (./Category:CS1_Spanish-language_sources_(es))    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://caliber.az/en/post/honduras-labels-hamas-and-irgc-as-terrorist-organisations) "Honduras labels Hamas and IRGC as terrorist organisations" . Caliber.az . 15 May 2026. Earlier, the Dominican Republic also designated the IRGC and Hezbollah as terrorist organisations.  (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Caliber.az&rft.atitle=Honduras+labels+Hamas+and+IRGC+as+terrorist+organisations&rft.date=2026-05-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcaliber.az%2Fen%2Fpost%2Fhonduras-labels-hamas-and-irgc-as-terrorist-organisations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://wanaen.com/ecuador-labels-irgc-as-terrorist-organization/) "Ecuador Labels IRGC as "Terrorist Organization" " . WANA . 16 September 2025. Retrieved 16 September 2025 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Estonia+imposes+sanctions+on+Hezbollah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2Finternational%2Festonia-imposes-sanctions-on-hezbollah-646587&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.france24.com/en/20200430-germany-designates-hezbollah-as-terrorist-group-conducts-raids-on-suspects) "Germany designates Hezbollah as terrorist group, conducts raids on suspects" . France 24. 30 April 2020. Retrieved 7 October 2020 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Germany+designates+Hezbollah+as+terrorist+group%2C+conducts+raids+on+suspects&rft.pub=France+24&rft.date=2020-04-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2F20200430-germany-designates-hezbollah-as-terrorist-group-conducts-raids-on-suspects&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.idf.il/en/minisites/hezbollah/hezbollah/hezbollah-a-recognized-terrorist-organization/) "Hezbollah a recognized terrorist organization" . idf.il . Retrieved 7 October 2020 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=idf.il&rft.atitle=Hezbollah+a+recognized+terrorist+organization.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.idf.il%2Fen%2Fminisites%2Fhezbollah%2Fhezbollah%2Fhezbollah-a-recognized-terrorist-organization%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2025/04/25/paraguay-designates-IRGC-Hamas-Hezbollah/4371745556945/) "Paraguay hits Iran's IRGC with terrorist designation; expands designations for Hamas, Hezbollah" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Press_International) (United Press International) United Press International  . 25 April 2025. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+Press+International&rft.atitle=Paraguay+hits+Iran%27s+IRGC+with+terrorist+designation%3B+expands+designations+for+Hamas%2C+Hezbollah&rft.date=2025-04-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.upi.com%2FTop_News%2FWorld-News%2F2025%2F04%2F25%2Fparaguay-designates-IRGC-Hamas-Hezbollah%2F4371745556945%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20190820-paraguay-adds-hamas-hezbollah-to-terrorism-list/) "Paraguay adds Hamas, Hezbollah to terrorism list" . Middle East Monitor . 20 August 2019. (https://web.archive.org/web/20190820181540/https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20190820-paraguay-adds-hamas-hezbollah-to-terrorism-list/) Archived from the original on 20 August 2019. Retrieved 30 December 2020 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Monitor&rft.atitle=Paraguay+adds+Hamas%2C+Hezbollah+to+terrorism+list&rft.date=2019-08-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeastmonitor.com%2F20190820-paraguay-adds-hamas-hezbollah-to-terrorism-list%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.bna.bh/en/news?cms=q8FmFJgiscL2fwIzON1%2BDj%2FUlSg0qxhkYVRqFQVTu6o%3D) "Saudi welcomes Kosovo Government's decision" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahrain_News_Agency) (Bahrain News Agency) Bahrain News Agency . 26 June 2020. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Saudi+welcomes+Kosovo+Government%27s+decision&rft.date=2020-06-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bna.bh%2Fen%2Fnews%3Fcms%3Dq8FmFJgiscL2fwIzON1%252BDj%252FUlSg0qxhkYVRqFQVTu6o%253D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.bna.bh/en/news?cms=q8FmFJgiscL2fwIzON1%2BDriZdsNssJio%2BJ6VoCQNYTc%3D) "Bahrain welcomes Lithuania's designation of Hezbollah as terrorist organisation" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahrain_News_Agency) (Bahrain News Agency) Bahrain News Agency . 15 August 2020. (https://web.archive.org/web/20231105165808/https://www.bna.bh/en/news?cms=q8FmFJgiscL2fwIzON1%2BDriZdsNssJio%2BJ6VoCQNYTc%3D) Archived from the original on 5 November 2023. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Bahrain+welcomes+Lithuania%27s+designation+of+Hezbollah+as+terrorist+organisation&rft.date=2020-08-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bna.bh%2Fen%2Fnews%3Fcms%3Dq8FmFJgiscL2fwIzON1%252BDriZdsNssJio%252BJ6VoCQNYTc%253D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Ahren, Raphael (30 November 2020). (https://www.timesofisrael.com/slovenia-declares-all-of-hezbollah-a-criminal-and-terrorist-organization/) "Slovenia declares all of Hezbollah a 'criminal and terrorist organization' " . The Times of Israel . Retrieved 20 December 2020 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Slovenia+declares+all+of+Hezbollah+a+%27criminal+and+terrorist+organization%27&rft.date=2020-11-30&rft.aulast=Ahren&rft.aufirst=Raphael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fslovenia-declares-all-of-hezbollah-a-criminal-and-terrorist-organization%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.deccanherald.com/world/swiss-parliament-votes-to-ban-hezbollah-3321788) "Swiss parliament votes to ban Hezbollah" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuters) (Reuters) Reuters . 17 December 2024. Retrieved 19 December 2024 – via Deccan Herald. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Swiss+parliament+votes+to+ban+Hezbollah&rft.date=2024-12-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.deccanherald.com%2Fworld%2Fswiss-parliament-votes-to-ban-hezbollah-3321788&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/proscribed-terror-groups-or-organisations--2) "Proscribed terrorist groups" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_Office) (Home Office) Home Office  . Retrieved 30 December 2020 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Home+Office&rft.atitle=Proscribed+terrorist+groups&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fpublications%2Fproscribed-terror-groups-or-organisations--2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.state.gov/foreign-terrorist-organizations/) "Foreign Terrorist Organizations" . United States Department of State. (https://web.archive.org/web/20200227062101/https://www.state.gov/foreign-terrorist-organizations/) Archived from the original on 27 February 2020. Retrieved 30 December 2020 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Foreign+Terrorist+Organizations&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+State&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.state.gov%2Fforeign-terrorist-organizations%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.jpost.com/breaking-news/guatemala-designates-hezbollah-as-terrorist-organization-646700) "Guatemala designates Hezbollah as terrorist organization" . The Jerusalem Post . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Guatemala+designates+Hezbollah+as+terrorist+organization&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2Fbreaking-news%2Fguatemala-designates-hezbollah-as-terrorist-organization-646700&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://almashriq.hiof.no/lebanon/300/320/324/324.2/hizballah/hizballah-background.html) "Hizbullah: Views and Concepts" . Almashriq. 20 June 1997. Retrieved 27 January 2011 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hizbullah%3A+Views+and+Concepts&rft.pub=Almashriq&rft.date=1997-06-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Falmashriq.hiof.no%2Flebanon%2F300%2F320%2F324%2F324.2%2Fhizballah%2Fhizballah-background.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://almashriq.hiof.no/lebanon/300/320/324/324.2/hizballah/statement01.html) "Statement of purpose" . Almashriq. 20 March 1998. Retrieved 27 January 2011 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Statement+of+purpose&rft.pub=Almashriq&rft.date=1998-03-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Falmashriq.hiof.no%2Flebanon%2F300%2F320%2F324%2F324.2%2Fhizballah%2Fstatement01.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Dionigi, Filippo (2014). Hezbollah, Islamist Politics, and International Society . Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 153– 156. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-137-40302-5) (Special:BookSources/978-1-137-40302-5) 978-1-137-40302-5  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hezbollah%2C+Islamist+Politics%2C+and+International+Society&rft.pages=153-156&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-137-40302-5&rft.aulast=Dionigi&rft.aufirst=Filippo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/proscribed-terror-groups-or-organisations--2) Proscribed terrorist organisations (Report). (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_Office) (Home Office) Home Office . 27 March 2015. p. 10. Retrieved 6 July 2015 . Hizballah's External Security Organisation was proscribed March 2001 and in 2008 the proscription was extended to Hizballah's Military apparatus including the Jihad Council.  (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=report&rft.btitle=Proscribed+terrorist+organisations&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=Home+Office&rft.date=2015-03-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fpublications%2Fproscribed-terror-groups-or-organisations--2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.jpost.com/Jerusalem-Report/Britain-bans-Hezbollah-589893) "Britain bans Hezbollah – Middle East" . The Jerusalem Post . Retrieved 14 December 2023 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Britain+bans+Hezbollah+%E2%80%93+Middle+East&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FJerusalem-Report%2FBritain-bans-Hezbollah-589893&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-1997-10-08/pdf/97-27030.pdf) Designation of Foreign Terrorist Organizations , Department of State, Federal Register, Vol. 62, No. 195, 8 October 1997  1  2   (https://www.timesofisrael.com/russia-says-hezbollah-hamas-not-terror-groups/) ' Russia says Hezbollah, Hamas not terror groups,' (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times_of_Israel) (The Times of Israel) The Times of Israel 16 November 2015.  1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Nashabe, Omar (4 May 2012). (https://web.archive.org/web/20170130104652/http://english.al-akhbar.com/node/6964) "China's Ambassador in Lebanon: Hezbollah Arms a Trade Matter" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Akhbar_(Lebanon)) (Al Akhbar (Lebanon)) Al-Akhbar  . Archived from (http://english.al-akhbar.com/node/6964) the original on 30 January 2017. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al-Akhbar&rft.atitle=China%27s+Ambassador+in+Lebanon%3A+Hezbollah+Arms+a+Trade+Matter&rft.date=2012-05-04&rft.aulast=Nashabe&rft.aufirst=Omar&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.al-akhbar.com%2Fnode%2F6964&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Davidovich, Joshua; Ahren, Raphael (22 May 2013). (https://www.timesofisrael.com/paris-backs-blacklisting-hezbollah-over-assad-ties/) "Blacklisting Hezbollah EU is Blacklisting Hezbollah" . The Times of Israel . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Blacklisting+Hezbollah+EU+is+Blacklisting+Hezbollah&rft.date=2013-05-22&rft.aulast=Davidovich&rft.aufirst=Joshua&rft.au=Ahren%2C+Raphael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fparis-backs-blacklisting-hezbollah-over-assad-ties%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Ivana Kottasová; Frederik Pleitgen; Nadine Schmidt (30 April 2020). (https://www.cnn.com/2020/04/30/europe/germany-bans-hezbollah-grm-intl/index.html) "Germany bans Lebanese militant group Hezbollah" . CNN. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Germany+bans+Lebanese+militant+group+Hezbollah&rft.pub=CNN&rft.date=2020-04-30&rft.au=Ivana+Kottasov%C3%A1&rft.au=Frederik+Pleitgen&rft.au=Nadine+Schmidt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2020%2F04%2F30%2Feurope%2Fgermany-bans-hezbollah-grm-intl%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.newarab.com/news/iraq-designates-hezbollah-houthis-terrorists-freezes-assets) "Iraq designates Hezbollah and Yemen's Houthis as terrorist organisations, freezes assets" . The New Arab . 4 December 2025. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+Arab&rft.atitle=Iraq+designates+Hezbollah+and+Yemen%27s+Houthis+as+terrorist+organisations%2C+freezes+assets&rft.date=2025-12-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newarab.com%2Fnews%2Firaq-designates-hezbollah-houthis-terrorists-freezes-assets&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/iraq-freezes-funds-hezbollah-houthis-official-gazette-says-2025-12-04/) "Iraq freezes funds of Hezbollah and Houthis, official gazette says" . Reuters . Retrieved 4 December 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Iraq+freezes+funds+of+Hezbollah+and+Houthis%2C+official+gazette+says&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Firaq-freezes-funds-hezbollah-houthis-official-gazette-says-2025-12-04%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Alex MacDonald (4 December 2025). (https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/investigation-ordered-after-iraq-appears-designate-hezbollah-and-houthis-terrorists) "Investigation ordered after Iraq appears to designate Hezbollah and Houthis terrorists" . Middle East Eye. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Investigation+ordered+after+Iraq+appears+to+designate+Hezbollah+and+Houthis+terrorists&rft.pub=Middle+East+Eye&rft.date=2025-12-04&rft.au=Alex+MacDonald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeasteye.net%2Fnews%2Finvestigation-ordered-after-iraq-appears-designate-hezbollah-and-houthis-terrorists&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://today.lorientlejour.com/article/1541439/unprecedented-iraqi-sanctions-against-hezbollah-and-its-affiliates.html) "Unprecedented Iraqi sanctions against Hezbollah and its affiliates" . L'Orient Today . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=L%27Orient+Today&rft.atitle=Unprecedented+Iraqi+sanctions+against+Hezbollah+and+its+affiliates&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftoday.lorientlejour.com%2Farticle%2F1541439%2Funprecedented-iraqi-sanctions-against-hezbollah-and-its-affiliates.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Genn, James (9 April 2026). (https://www.jpost.com/international/article-892416) "Costa Rica names IRGC, Hezbollah, Hamas, Houthis as terror groups" . The Jerusalem Post . Retrieved 9 April 2026 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Costa+Rica+names+IRGC%2C+Hezbollah%2C+Hamas%2C+Houthis+as+terror+groups&rft.date=2026-04-09&rft.aulast=Genn&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2Finternational%2Farticle-892416&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.jpost.com/international/article-893062) "IRGC, Hezbollah, Hamas as terrorist orgs., local Muslim groups denounce act" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post) (The Jerusalem Post) The Jerusalem Post  . Retrieved 15 April 2026 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=IRGC%2C+Hezbollah%2C+Hamas+as+terrorist+orgs.%2C+local+Muslim+groups+denounce+act&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2Finternational%2Farticle-893062&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.jpost.com/Diaspora/Antisemitism/Argentina-freezes-Hezbollah-assets-brands-group-terrorist-organization-596086) "Hezbollah branded as terrorist organisation in Argentina, assets frozen" . The Jerusalem Post . 19 July 2019. Retrieved 19 July 2019 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Hezbollah+branded+as+terrorist+organisation+in+Argentina%2C+assets+frozen&rft.date=2019-07-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FDiaspora%2FAntisemitism%2FArgentina-freezes-Hezbollah-assets-brands-group-terrorist-organization-596086&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  staff, T. O. I. (17 July 2019). (https://www.timesofisrael.com/argentina-moves-toward-designating-hezbollah-a-terror-group/) "Argentina moves toward designating Hezbollah a terror group" . The Times of Israel . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Argentina+moves+toward+designating+Hezbollah+a+terror+group&rft.date=2019-07-17&rft.aulast=staff&rft.aufirst=T.+O.+I.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fargentina-moves-toward-designating-hezbollah-a-terror-group%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.dw.com/en/australia-to-list-hezbollah-as-terrorist-organization/a-59914150) "Australia to list Hezbollah as 'terrorist organization' " . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Welle) (Deutsche Welle) Deutsche Welle . 24 November 2021. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Australia+to+list+Hezbollah+as+%27terrorist+organization%27&rft.pub=Deutsche+Welle&rft.date=2021-11-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Faustralia-to-list-hezbollah-as-terrorist-organization%2Fa-59914150&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Belot, Henry (24 November 2021). (https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-11-24/neo-nazi-group-base-hezbollah-terrorist-listing/100646300) "Australia lists neo-Nazi organisation The Base, Lebanese Shia party Hezbollah as terrorist organisations" . ABC News . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation) (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) Australian Broadcasting Corporation . Retrieved 26 November 2021 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Australia+lists+neo-Nazi+organisation+The+Base%2C+Lebanese+Shia+party+Hezbollah+as+terrorist+organisations&rft.date=2021-11-24&rft.aulast=Belot&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2021-11-24%2Fneo-nazi-group-base-hezbollah-terrorist-listing%2F100646300&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2021/nov/24/australia-lists-neo-nazi-group-the-base-and-hezbollah-as-terrorist-organisations) "Australia lists neo-Nazi group The Base and Hezbollah as terrorist organisations" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian) (The Guardian) The Guardian  . Retrieved 24 November 2021 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Australia+lists+neo-Nazi+group+The+Base+and+Hezbollah+as+terrorist+organisations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Faustralia-news%2F2021%2Fnov%2F24%2Faustralia-lists-neo-nazi-group-the-base-and-hezbollah-as-terrorist-organisations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.jns.org/israel-praises-czech-republic-for-designating-hezbollah-a-terrorist-organization/) "Israel praises Czech Republic for designating Hezbollah a terrorist organization" . JNS.org . 28 October 2020. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=JNS.org&rft.atitle=Israel+praises+Czech+Republic+for+designating+Hezbollah+a+terrorist+organization&rft.date=2020-10-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jns.org%2Fisrael-praises-czech-republic-for-designating-hezbollah-a-terrorist-organization%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.jpost.com/International/Bahrains-parliament-declares-Hezbollah-a-terrorist-group-307806) "Bahrain's parliament declares Hezbollah a terrorist group" . The Jerusalem Post . 26 March 2013. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Bahrain%27s+parliament+declares+Hezbollah+a+terrorist+group&rft.date=2013-03-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FInternational%2FBahrains-parliament-declares-Hezbollah-a-terrorist-group-307806&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/ntnl-scrt/cntr-trrrsm/lstd-ntts/crrnt-lstd-ntts-eng.aspx#2027) "Listed Terrorist Entities – Currently Listed Entities" . Government of Canada . Public Safety Canada. 24 March 2014. Retrieved 11 July 2014 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Government+of+Canada&rft.atitle=Listed+Terrorist+Entities+%E2%80%93+Currently+Listed+Entities&rft.date=2014-03-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.publicsafety.gc.ca%2Fcnt%2Fntnl-scrt%2Fcntr-trrrsm%2Flstd-ntts%2Fcrrnt-lstd-ntts-eng.aspx%232027&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Harkov, Lahav (8 December 2019). (https://www.jpost.com/Middle-East/Honduras-to-officially-designate-Hezbollah-as-a-terror-organization-614679) "Colombia and Honduras designate Hezbollah a terrorist organisation" . Jpost.com – The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 21 January 2020 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Colombia+and+Honduras+designate+Hezbollah+a+terrorist+organisation&rft.pub=Jpost.com+%E2%80%93+The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.date=2019-12-08&rft.aulast=Harkov&rft.aufirst=Lahav&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FMiddle-East%2FHonduras-to-officially-designate-Hezbollah-as-a-terror-organization-614679&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.jpost.com/International/EU-ministers-agree-to-blacklist-military-wing-of-Hezbollah-320639) "EU places Hezbollah military wing on terror blacklist" . The Jerusalem Post . 22 July 2013. Retrieved 22 July 2013 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=EU+places+Hezbollah+military+wing+on+terror+blacklist&rft.date=2013-07-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FInternational%2FEU-ministers-agree-to-blacklist-military-wing-of-Hezbollah-320639&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Kanter, James; Rudoren, Jodi (22 July 2013). (https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/23/world/middleeast/european-union-adds-hezbollah-wing-to-terror-list.html) "European Union Adds Military Wing of Hezbollah to List of Terrorist Organizations" . The New York Times . Retrieved 4 September 2013 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=European+Union+Adds+Military+Wing+of+Hezbollah+to+List+of+Terrorist+Organizations&rft.date=2013-07-22&rft.au=Kanter%2C+James&rft.au=Rudoren%2C+Jodi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F07%2F23%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Feuropean-union-adds-hezbollah-wing-to-terror-list.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://www.algemeiner.com/2013/04/04/jewish-leaders-applaud-hezbollah-terror-designation-by-france/) "Jewish Leaders Applaud Hezbollah Terror Designation by France" . Algemeiner Journal . 4 April 2013. Retrieved 4 September 2013 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Algemeiner+Journal&rft.atitle=Jewish+Leaders+Applaud+Hezbollah+Terror+Designation+by+France&rft.date=2013-04-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.algemeiner.com%2F2013%2F04%2F04%2Fjewish-leaders-applaud-hezbollah-terror-designation-by-france%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Madeline Chambers; Andreas Rink. (https://www.nasdaq.com/articles/germany-classifies-hezbollah-as-terrorist-organisation-conducts-raids-2020-04-30) "Germany classifies Hezbollah as terrorist organisation, conducts raids" . NASDAQ. Reuters. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Germany+classifies+Hezbollah+as+terrorist+organisation%2C+conducts+raids&rft.au=Madeline+Chambers&rft.au=Andreas+Rink&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nasdaq.com%2Farticles%2Fgermany-classifies-hezbollah-as-terrorist-organisation-conducts-raids-2020-04-30&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.reuters.com/article/us-germany-lebanon-hezbollah/after-u-s-israeli-pressure-germany-bans-hezbollah-activity-raids-mosques-idUSKBN22C0LC) "After U.S., Israeli pressure, Germany bans Hezbollah activity, raids mosques" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuters) (Reuters) Reuters  . 30 April 2020. Retrieved 30 April 2020 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=After+U.S.%2C+Israeli+pressure%2C+Germany+bans+Hezbollah+activity%2C+raids+mosques&rft.date=2020-04-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-germany-lebanon-hezbollah%2Fafter-u-s-israeli-pressure-germany-bans-hezbollah-activity-raids-mosques-idUSKBN22C0LC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.reuters.com/article/us-hondruas-hezbollah/honduras-formally-declares-hezbollah-a-terrorist-organization-idUSKBN1ZJ1SJ) "Honduras declares Hezbollah a terrorist organization" . Reuters . 20 January 2020. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Honduras+declares+Hezbollah+a+terrorist+organization&rft.date=2020-01-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-hondruas-hezbollah%2Fhonduras-formally-declares-hezbollah-a-terrorist-organization-idUSKBN1ZJ1SJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2020/01/20/Honduras-becomes-latest-to-officially-declare-Hezbollah-a-terrorist-organization.html) "Honduras becomes latest to officially declare Hezbollah a terrorist organization" . Al Arabiya. 20 January 2020. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Honduras+becomes+latest+to+officially+declare+Hezbollah+a+terrorist+organization&rft.pub=Al+Arabiya&rft.date=2020-01-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.alarabiya.net%2Fen%2FNews%2Fmiddle-east%2F2020%2F01%2F20%2FHonduras-becomes-latest-to-officially-declare-Hezbollah-a-terrorist-organization.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://mfa.gov.il/MFA/ForeignPolicy/Terrorism/Hizbullah/Pages/Hezbollah-International-terrorist-organization.aspx) "Hezbollah – International terrorist organisation" . Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 22 July 2013. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hezbollah+%E2%80%93+International+terrorist+organisation&rft.pub=Israel+Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs&rft.date=2013-07-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmfa.gov.il%2FMFA%2FForeignPolicy%2FTerrorism%2FHizbullah%2FPages%2FHezbollah-International-terrorist-organization.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   Weinthal, Benjamin. (https://www.jpost.com/International/The-Republic-of-Kosovo-designates-Hezbollah-a-terrorist-organization-594016) "The Republic of Kosovo ...." The Jerusalem Post . 30 June 2019. 2 July 2019.  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/8/13/lithuania-bans-hezbollah-affiliates-in-move-hailed-by-israel) "Lithuania bans Hezbollah affiliates in move hailed by Israel" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Jazeera_Media_Network) (Al Jazeera Media Network) Al Jazeera . 13 August 2020. Retrieved 6 November 2023 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lithuania+bans+Hezbollah+affiliates+in+move+hailed+by+Israel&rft.pub=Al+Jazeera&rft.date=2020-08-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2020%2F8%2F13%2Flithuania-bans-hezbollah-affiliates-in-move-hailed-by-israel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Norman, Lawrence; Fairclough, Gordon (7 September 2012). (https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10000872396390444273704577637324167941662) "Pressure Mounts for EU to Put Hezbollah on Terror List" . The Wall Street Journal . Retrieved 7 June 2015 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Pressure+Mounts+for+EU+to+Put+Hezbollah+on+Terror+List&rft.date=2012-09-07&rft.au=Norman%2C+Lawrence&rft.au=Fairclough%2C+Gordon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2FSB10000872396390444273704577637324167941662&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://www.police.govt.nz/advice/personal-community/counterterrorism/designated-entities/lists-associated-with-resolution-1373) "Lists associated with Resolution 1373" . New Zealand Police. 20 July 2014. Retrieved 16 August 2014 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lists+associated+with+Resolution+1373&rft.pub=New+Zealand+Police&rft.date=2014-07-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.police.govt.nz%2Fadvice%2Fpersonal-community%2Fcounterterrorism%2Fdesignated-entities%2Flists-associated-with-resolution-1373&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.jpost.com/International/Brazil-to-designate-Hezbollah-a-terror-organization-599091) "Paraguay labels Hezbollah a terror group, Brazil may follow" . The Jerusalem Post . 19 August 2019. Retrieved 19 August 2019 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Paraguay+labels+Hezbollah+a+terror+group%2C+Brazil+may+follow&rft.date=2019-08-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FInternational%2FBrazil-to-designate-Hezbollah-a-terror-organization-599091&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/world/2020/09/04/Trump-says-Kosovo-and-Israel-agree-to-establish-diplomatic-relations-normalize-ties) "Kosovo, Israel agree to normalize ties; Serbia to move embassy to Jerusalem" . 4 September 2020. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Kosovo%2C+Israel+agree+to+normalize+ties%3B+Serbia+to+move+embassy+to+Jerusalem&rft.date=2020-09-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.alarabiya.net%2Fen%2FNews%2Fworld%2F2020%2F09%2F04%2FTrump-says-Kosovo-and-Israel-agree-to-establish-diplomatic-relations-normalize-ties&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.jpost.com/international/article-893062) "IRGC, Hezbollah, Hamas as terrorist orgs., local Muslim groups denounce act" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post) (The Jerusalem Post) The Jerusalem Post  . Retrieved 15 April 2026 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=IRGC%2C+Hezbollah%2C+Hamas+as+terrorist+orgs.%2C+local+Muslim+groups+denounce+act&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2Finternational%2Farticle-893062&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://ssu.gov.ua/perelik-terorystychnykh-orhanizatsii-hrup) "Перелік терористичних організацій (груп)" (in Ukrainian). Security Service of Ukraine. Retrieved 14 July 2026 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA+%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B9+%28%D0%B3%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BF%29&rft.pub=Security+Service+of+Ukraine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fssu.gov.ua%2Fperelik-terorystychnykh-orhanizatsii-hrup&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)  (./Category:CS1_Ukrainian-language_sources_(uk))    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20171117015042/https://2001-2009.state.gov/s/ct/rls/fs/37191.htm) "Foreign Terrorist Organisations (FTOs)" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State) (United States Department of State) United States Department of State . 11 October 2005. Archived from (https://2001-2009.state.gov/s/ct/rls/fs/37191.htm) the original on 17 November 2017. Retrieved 16 July 2006 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Foreign+Terrorist+Organisations+%28FTOs%29&rft.pub=United+States+Department+of+State&rft.date=2005-10-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F2001-2009.state.gov%2Fs%2Fct%2Frls%2Ffs%2F37191.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)  "Current List of Designated Foreign Terrorist Organizations ... 14. Hizballah (Party of God)".  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Haaretz. (https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2024-06-30/ty-article/arab-league-no-longer-views-hezbollah-as-terrorist-group-top-official-says/00000190-68ed-d747-add0-e8fd4a5e0000) "Arab League No Longer Views Hezbollah as Terrorist Group, Top Official Says - Israel News - Haaretz.com" . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arab+League+No+Longer+Views+Hezbollah+as+Terrorist+Group%2C+Top+Official+Says+-+Israel+News+-+Haaretz.com&rft.au=Haaretz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fisrael-news%2F2024-06-30%2Fty-article%2Farab-league-no-longer-views-hezbollah-as-terrorist-group-top-official-says%2F00000190-68ed-d747-add0-e8fd4a5e0000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://tass.com/world/1810083) "Arabs remove Hezbollah from list of terrorist organisations — senior Arab League official" . TASS . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TASS&rft.atitle=Arabs+remove+Hezbollah+from+list+of+terrorist+organisations+%E2%80%94+senior+Arab+League+official&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftass.com%2Fworld%2F1810083&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/algeria-risks-isolation-arab-league-over-hezbollah-stance-1870366475) "Algeria's Hezbollah stance 'reflects view on resistance, not terrorism' " . Middle East Eye . 29 January 2019. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Eye&rft.atitle=Algeria%27s+Hezbollah+stance+%27reflects+view+on+resistance%2C+not+terrorism%27&rft.date=2019-01-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeasteye.net%2Fnews%2Falgeria-risks-isolation-arab-league-over-hezbollah-stance-1870366475&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4116628,00.html) "Report: Hezbollah opens base in Cuba" . Ynet news . 9 January 2011. Retrieved 16 July 2020 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ynet+news&rft.atitle=Report%3A+Hezbollah+opens+base+in+Cuba&rft.date=2011-01-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynetnews.com%2Farticles%2F0%2C7340%2CL-4116628%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20060820114015/http://www.opendemocracy.net/globalization/hizbollah_3757.jsp) "A Lebanese fragment: two days with Hizbollah" . openDemocracy . Archived from (http://www.opendemocracy.net/globalization/hizbollah_3757.jsp) the original on 20 August 2006. Retrieved 8 August 2006 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=openDemocracy&rft.atitle=A+Lebanese+fragment%3A+two+days+with+Hizbollah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.opendemocracy.net%2Fglobalization%2Fhizbollah_3757.jsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Farquhar, Scott. (http://www.cgsc.edu/carl/download/csipubs/farquhar.pdf) Back to Basics: A Study of the Second Lebanon War and Operation CAST LEAD  (PDF) . Combat Studies Institute Press. p. 9. (https://web.archive.org/web/20111013021642/http://cgsc.edu/carl/download/csipubs/farquhar.pdf) Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 October 2011. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Back+to+Basics%3A+A+Study+of+the+Second+Lebanon+War+and+Operation+CAST+LEAD&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=Combat+Studies+Institute+Press&rft.aulast=Farquhar&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cgsc.edu%2Fcarl%2Fdownload%2Fcsipubs%2Ffarquhar.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Kirchner, Magdalena (2016). Why States Rebel. Understanding State Sponsorship of Terrorism . Opladen: Barbara Budrich. pp. 220– 30. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8474-0641-9) (Special:BookSources/978-3-8474-0641-9) 978-3-8474-0641-9  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Why+States+Rebel.+Understanding+State+Sponsorship+of+Terrorism&rft.place=Opladen&rft.pages=220-30&rft.pub=Barbara+Budrich&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-3-8474-0641-9&rft.aulast=Kirchner&rft.aufirst=Magdalena&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Hummel, Kristina (28 March 2025). (https://ctc.westpoint.edu/the-new-syrian-governments-fight-against-the-islamic-state-hezbollah-and-captagon/) "The New Syrian Government's Fight Against the Islamic State, Hezbollah, and Captagon" . Combating Terrorism Center at West Point . Retrieved 16 October 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Combating+Terrorism+Center+at+West+Point&rft.atitle=The+New+Syrian+Government%27s+Fight+Against+the+Islamic+State%2C+Hezbollah%2C+and+Captagon&rft.date=2025-03-28&rft.aulast=Hummel&rft.aufirst=Kristina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fctc.westpoint.edu%2Fthe-new-syrian-governments-fight-against-the-islamic-state-hezbollah-and-captagon%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2025/02/10/fighting-between-syria-s-new-army-and-lebanese-militias-rages-on-border_6737999_4.html) "Fighting between Syria's new army and Lebanese militias rages on border" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Monde) (Le Monde) Le Monde  . 10 February 2025. Retrieved 16 October 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Monde&rft.atitle=Fighting+between+Syria%27s+new+army+and+Lebanese+militias+rages+on+border&rft.date=2025-02-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fen%2Finternational%2Farticle%2F2025%2F02%2F10%2Ffighting-between-syria-s-new-army-and-lebanese-militias-rages-on-border_6737999_4.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   Casey L. Addis & Christopher M. Blanchard, (https://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/mideast/R41446.pdf) Hezbollah: Background and Issues for Congress , Congressional Research Service, 3 January 2011  ↑   "(https://www.timesofisrael.com/us-report-scraps-iran-hezbollah-from-list-of-terror-threats/) US intel report scrapped Iran from list of terror threats ", (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times_of_Israel) (The Times of Israel) The Times of Israel  , 16 March 2015.  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.reuters.com/article/us-sanctions-hezbollah-idUSKCN0PV25J20150721) "U.S. imposes sanctions on Hezbollah officials for Syria support" . Reuters . (https://web.archive.org/web/20151015233343/http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/07/21/us-sanctions-hezbollah-idUSKCN0PV25J20150721) Archived from the original on 15 October 2015. Retrieved 15 October 2015 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=U.S.+imposes+sanctions+on+Hezbollah+officials+for+Syria+support&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-sanctions-hezbollah-idUSKCN0PV25J20150721&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.reuters.com/world/us-targets-iran-backed-hezbollah-with-new-sanctions-treasury-departments-says-2025-05-15/) "US targets Iran-backed Hezbollah with new sanctions, Treasury Departments says" . 2025. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=US+targets+Iran-backed+Hezbollah+with+new+sanctions%2C+Treasury+Departments+says&rft.date=2025&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fus-targets-iran-backed-hezbollah-with-new-sanctions-treasury-departments-says-2025-05-15%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://anbaaonline.com/news/321842) "هل يتشكّل تحالفٌ إقليمي- دولي لمواجهة إيران وحلفائها؟" . جريدة الأنباء الإلكترونية (in Arabic). 3 April 2026. Retrieved 3 April 2026 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9&rft.atitle=%D9%87%D9%84+%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%83%D9%91%D9%84+%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%8C+%D8%A5%D9%82%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A-+%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A+%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AC%D9%87%D8%A9+%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86+%D9%88%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%9F&rft.date=2026-04-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fanbaaonline.com%2Fnews%2F321842&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)  (./Category:CS1_Arabic-language_sources_(ar))    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20150621082341/https://www.chathamhouse.org/media/comment/view/193456) "EU Listing of Hezbollah: Inevitable Decision with Unpredictable Consequences" . Chatham House . Archived from (https://www.chathamhouse.org/media/comment/view/193456) the original on 21 June 2015. Retrieved 5 May 2015 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Chatham+House&rft.atitle=EU+Listing+of+Hezbollah%3A+Inevitable+Decision+with+Unpredictable+Consequences&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chathamhouse.org%2Fmedia%2Fcomment%2Fview%2F193456&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2019/406) "The Terrorism Act 2000 (Proscribed Organisations) (Amendment) Order 2019" . Retrieved 1 October 2024 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Terrorism+Act+2000+%28Proscribed+Organisations%29+%28Amendment%29+Order+2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.gov.uk%2Fuksi%2F2019%2F406&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.gov.uk/government/news/hizballah-to-be-banned-alongside-other-terrorist-organisations) "Hizballah to be banned alongside other terrorist organisations" . GOV.UK . Retrieved 1 October 2024 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GOV.UK&rft.atitle=Hizballah+to+be+banned+alongside+other+terrorist+organisations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gov.uk%2Fgovernment%2Fnews%2Fhizballah-to-be-banned-alongside-other-terrorist-organisations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (http://www.jewishjournal.com/world/article/uk_urges_eu_to_classify_hezbollah_military_wing_as_terrorist_group) "UK urges EU to classify Hezbollah military wing as terrorist group." Jewish Journal . 11 September 2012.  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4382998,00.html) "Germany backs terror label for Hezbollah" . Ynetnews . 22 May 2013. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ynetnews&rft.atitle=Germany+backs+terror+label+for+Hezbollah&rft.date=2013-05-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynetnews.com%2Farticles%2F0%2C7340%2CL-4382998%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Kanter, James (22 July 2013). (https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/23/world/middleeast/european-union-adds-hezbollah-wing-to-terror-list.html) "European Union Adds Military Wing of Hezbollah to List of Terrorist Organisations" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times) (The New York Times) The New York Times  . Retrieved 6 November 2013 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=European+Union+Adds+Military+Wing+of+Hezbollah+to+List+of+Terrorist+Organisations&rft.date=2013-07-22&rft.aulast=Kanter&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F07%2F23%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Feuropean-union-adds-hezbollah-wing-to-terror-list.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Kanter, James; Rudoren, Jodi (22 July 2013). (https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/23/world/middleeast/european-union-adds-hezbollah-wing-to-terror-list.html) "European Union Adds Military Wing of Hezbollah to List of Terrorist Organisations" . The New York Times . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=European+Union+Adds+Military+Wing+of+Hezbollah+to+List+of+Terrorist+Organisations&rft.date=2013-07-22&rft.aulast=Kanter&rft.aufirst=James&rft.au=Rudoren%2C+Jodi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F07%2F23%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Feuropean-union-adds-hezbollah-wing-to-terror-list.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/655963.stm) "French PM lashes Hezbollah 'terrorism' " . BBC News. 24 February 2000. Retrieved 5 September 2013 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=French+PM+lashes+Hezbollah+%27terrorism%27&rft.date=2000-02-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fmiddle_east%2F655963.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Dershowitz, Alan M. (29 August 2006). (https://www.jpost.com/International/Article.aspx?id=33151) "Italian FM: Hezbollah, Hamas are not al-Qaida" . The Jerusalem Post . Retrieved 21 May 2011 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Italian+FM%3A+Hezbollah%2C+Hamas+are+not+al-Qaida&rft.date=2006-08-29&rft.aulast=Dershowitz&rft.aufirst=Alan+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FInternational%2FArticle.aspx%3Fid%3D33151&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL33808.pdf) Germany's Relations with Israel: Background and Implications for German Middle East Policy (https://web.archive.org/web/20070206131300/https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/RL33808.pdf) Archived 6 February 2007 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congressional_Research_Service) (Congressional Research Service) Congressional Research Service (19 January 2007)  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20181127135901/https://fas.org/irp/world/netherlands/aivd2004-eng.pdf) "Annual Report 2004" (PDF) . Netherlands General intelligence and security service. Archived from (https://fas.org/irp/world/netherlands/aivd2004-eng.pdf) the original (PDF) on 27 November 2018. Retrieved 12 August 2015 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Annual+Report+2004&rft.pub=Netherlands+General+intelligence+and+security+service&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffas.org%2Firp%2Fworld%2Fnetherlands%2Faivd2004-eng.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20090107072052/http://www.minbuza.nl/nl/actueel/brievenparlement%2C2008/10/Beantwoording-vragen---r-z-over-Hezbollah-en-de-EU.html) "Answers to questions on Hezbollah and the EU (in Dutch)" . Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 14 October 2008. Archived from (http://www.minbuza.nl/nl/actueel/brievenparlement,2008/10/Beantwoording-vragen---r-z-over-Hezbollah-en-de-EU.html) the original on 7 January 2009. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Answers+to+questions+on+Hezbollah+and+the+EU+%28in+Dutch%29&rft.pub=Netherlands+Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs&rft.date=2008-10-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.minbuza.nl%2Fnl%2Factueel%2Fbrievenparlement%2C2008%2F10%2FBeantwoording-vragen---r-z-over-Hezbollah-en-de-EU.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Meyer, Henry (28 July 2006). (https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/07/28/AR2006072801433.html) "Hezbollah not on Russia's "terrorist" list" . The Washington Post . Associated Press. Retrieved 27 October 2007 . Sapunov told Rossiiskaya Gazeta the list of 17 "includes only those organisations which represent the greatest threat to the security of our country." Groups linked to separatist militants in Chechnya and Islamic radicals in Central Asia made the list.  (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Hezbollah+not+on+Russia%27s+%22terrorist%22+list&rft.date=2006-07-28&rft.aulast=Meyer&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2006%2F07%2F28%2FAR2006072801433.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://www.envirosagainstwar.org/know/read.php?itemid=4382) "Russian defense minister says Hezbollah uses 'terrorist methods' " . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haaretz) (Haaretz) Haaretz Service and News Agencies . 15 July 2006. Retrieved 27 October 2007 . 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(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch) (Human Rights Watch) Human Rights Watch . 4 August 2006. 9 January 2011.  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://edition.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/meast/09/14/amnesty.hezbollah/index.html?_s=PM:WORLD) "Amnesty: Hezbollah guilty of war crimes" . CNN. 14 September 2006. Retrieved 4 September 2013 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Amnesty%3A+Hezbollah+guilty+of+war+crimes&rft.date=2006-09-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2006%2FWORLD%2Fmeast%2F09%2F14%2Famnesty.hezbollah%2Findex.html%3F_s%3DPM%3AWORLD&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Cowell, Alan (14 September 2006). (https://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/14/world/middleeast/14amnesty.html) "Amnesty International Says Hezbollah Committed War Crimes" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times) (The New York Times) The New York Times  . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=New+Egypt+warms+up+to+Hezbollah%3A+ambassador&rft.date=2012-12-29&rft.aulast=Williams&rft.aufirst=Lauren&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailystar.com.lb%2FNews%2FMiddle-East%2F2012%2FDec-29%2F200288-new-egypt-warms-up-to-hezbollah-ambassador.ashx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Spangler, Timothy (25 March 2011). (https://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=213829) "Bahrain complains over Hezbollah comments on protests" . The Jerusalem Post . Retrieved 22 November 2011 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ynetnews&rft.atitle=Hezbollah+is+a+%27cancer%2C%27+say+Arab+media&rft.date=2013-06-08&rft.au=Kais%2C+Roi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynetnews.com%2Farticles%2F0%2C7340%2CL-4389767%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  George Fakhry (11 March 2016). (https://web.archive.org/web/20190402110253/https://en.annahar.com/article/332519-arab-league-declares-hezbollah-terrorist-organization) "Arab League declares Hezbollah 'terrorist organization' " . An-Nahar . Archived from (https://en.annahar.com/article/332519-arab-league-declares-hezbollah-terrorist-organization) the original on 2 April 2019. Retrieved 30 April 2020 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=An-Nahar&rft.atitle=Arab+League+declares+Hezbollah+%27terrorist+organization%27&rft.date=2016-03-11&rft.au=George+Fakhry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.annahar.com%2Farticle%2F332519-arab-league-declares-hezbollah-terrorist-organization&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20160315032216/http://maki.org.il/en/?p=7272) "Reactionary Persian Gulf Arab States Praised by Netanyahu" . Communist Party of Israel. Archived from (http://maki.org.il/en/?p=7272) the original on 15 March 2016. Retrieved 14 March 2016 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reactionary+Persian+Gulf+Arab+States+Praised+by+Netanyahu&rft.pub=Communist+Party+of+Israel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmaki.org.il%2Fen%2F%3Fp%3D7272&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/03/arab-league-labels-hezbollah-terrorist-group-160311173735737.html) "Arab League labels Hezbollah a 'terrorist' group" . Al Jazeera. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Arab+League+labels+Hezbollah+a+%27terrorist%27+group&rft.pub=Al+Jazeera&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2016%2F03%2Farab-league-labels-hezbollah-terrorist-group-160311173735737.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/qatar-finances-hezbollah-terrorism-declares-jews-are-enemies-report-635509) "Qatar finances Hezbollah terrorism, declares 'Jews are enemies' – report" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post) (The Jerusalem Post) The Jerusalem Post  . 18 July 2020. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Qatar+finances+Hezbollah+terrorism%2C+declares+%27Jews+are+enemies%27+%E2%80%93+report&rft.date=2020-07-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2Fmiddle-east%2Fqatar-finances-hezbollah-terrorism-declares-jews-are-enemies-report-635509&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.state.gov/the-united-states-and-qatar-take-actions-against-hizballah-financial-network/) "The United States and Qatar Take Actions Against Hizballah Financial Network" . United States Department of State . Retrieved 7 October 2021 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Department+of+State&rft.atitle=The+United+States+and+Qatar+Take+Actions+Against+Hizballah+Financial+Network&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.state.gov%2Fthe-united-states-and-qatar-take-actions-against-hizballah-financial-network%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Ravid, Barak (13 July 2022). (https://www.axios.com/2022/07/13/30-countries-meet-counter-hezbollah-influence) "30 countries took part in U.S.-led meeting on countering Hezbollah" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axios_(website)) (Axios (website)) Axios  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Axios&rft.atitle=30+countries+took+part+in+U.S.-led+meeting+on+countering+Hezbollah&rft.date=2022-07-13&rft.aulast=Ravid&rft.aufirst=Barak&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.axios.com%2F2022%2F07%2F13%2F30-countries-meet-counter-hezbollah-influence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (http://www.spiegel.de/international/spiegel-interview-with-lebanese-president-emile-lahoud-hezbollah-freed-our-country-a-428391.html) Spiegel Interview with Lebanese President Emile Lahoud: 'Hezbollah Freed Our Country' . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Spiegel) (Der Spiegel) Der Spiegel  . 25 July 2006.  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Itani, Faysal (2007). (https://web.archive.org/web/20130501174420/http://bcjournal.org/volume-10/hizbullah-and-lebanese-nationalism.html) "Hizbullah and Lebanese Nationalism" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bologna_Center_Journal_of_International_Affairs) (Bologna Center Journal of International Affairs) Bologna Center Journal of International Affairs  . 10 . Archived from the original on 1 May 2013. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bologna+Center+Journal+of+International+Affairs&rft.atitle=Hizbullah+and+Lebanese+Nationalism&rft.volume=10&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Itani&rft.aufirst=Faysal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbcjournal.org%2Fvolume-10%2Fhizbullah-and-lebanese-nationalism.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)  (./Category:CS1:_unfit_URL)    ↑   (http://www.yalibnan.com/2011/05/23/allouch-hezbollah-qualifies-as-a-terrorist-group/) Allouch: Hezbollah qualifies as a terrorist group . YaLibnan. 23 May 2011  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Nafez Qawas (6 August 2008). (http://www.dailystar.com.lb/article.asp?edition_id=1&categ_id=2&article_id=94824) "Berri summons Parliament to vote on policy statement" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daily_Star_(Lebanon)) (Daily Star (Lebanon)) The Daily Star  . Retrieved 6 August 2008 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Star&rft.atitle=Berri+summons+Parliament+to+vote+on+policy+statement&rft.date=2008-08-06&rft.au=Nafez+Qawas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailystar.com.lb%2Farticle.asp%3Fedition_id%3D1%26categ_id%3D2%26article_id%3D94824&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (https://angelusnews.com/voices/john-allen-jr/meeting-middle-east-christians-is-where-western-stereotypes-go-to-die) "Meeting Middle East Christians is where Western stereotypes go to die" , John L. Allen Jr., 19 October 2017, angelusnews.com  ↑   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walid_Phares) (Walid Phares) Phares, Walid . Future Jihad: Terrorist Strategies against America . New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2005. p. 148.  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_LeVine) (Mark LeVine) LeVine, Mark . (http://www.beliefnet.com/Faiths/2006/07/Hamas-And-Hezbollah-The-Religion-Fallacy.aspx) "Israel, Lebanon, Hezbollah, Hamas, fighting, terrorism, peace, by Mark LeVine" . Beliefnet.com . Retrieved 18 January 2011 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Beliefnet.com&rft.atitle=Israel%2C+Lebanon%2C+Hezbollah%2C+Hamas%2C+fighting%2C+terrorism%2C+peace%2C+by+Mark+LeVine&rft.au=LeVine%2C+Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.beliefnet.com%2FFaiths%2F2006%2F07%2FHamas-And-Hezbollah-The-Religion-Fallacy.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   "Hizballah employed anti-Israel terrorism to pursue its goal of turning Lebanon into a state and society ruled solely by the Shari'a." Sela, Avraham. "Terrorism." The Continuum Political Encyclopedia of the Middle East . Ed. Avraham Sela. New York: Continuum, 2002. pp. 822–836.  ↑   "The Shiite Hezbollah has indeed become a trusted mentor and role model to the Sunni fundamentalist Hamas. Both organisations have inscribed on their banner the rejection of any treaties or peace agreements with Israel, energetically work for its demise and encourage suicide terrorism to that end." Wistrich, 731.  ↑   Zisser, Eyal. (http://www.meforum.org/533/the-threat-posed-by-hezbollah) "The Threat Posed by Hezbollah." Middle East Forum . 26 November 2002. 18 January 2011.  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Khatami, Siamak (2004). (https://books.google.com/books?id=FBMLbyEVZHkC&pg=PA61) Iran, a View from Within: Political Analyses  . Janus Publishing Company Lim. p. 61. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781857565232) (Special:BookSources/9781857565232) 9781857565232  . Retrieved 14 May 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Iran%2C+a+View+from+Within%3A+Political+Analyses&rft.pages=61&rft.pub=Janus+Publishing+Company+Lim&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9781857565232&rft.aulast=Khatami&rft.aufirst=Siamak&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFBMLbyEVZHkC%26pg%3DPA61&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   Gaba, Neeru. (https://books.google.com/books?id=oipJQwAACAAJ) Hezbollah: in transition  . La Trobe University. 2007. 21 January 2011.  ↑   Bjørgo, Tore. (https://books.google.com/books?id=duqEre13tlAC&pg=PA186) Root Causes of Terrorism  . Psychology Press. 21 January 2011.  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/eu-designate-hezbollah-a-terrorist-organisation-now) "EU: Designate Hezbollah a Terrorist Organisation Now" . washingtoninstitute.org . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=washingtoninstitute.org&rft.atitle=EU%3A+Designate+Hezbollah+a+Terrorist+Organisation+Now&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtoninstitute.org%2Fpolicy-analysis%2Fview%2Feu-designate-hezbollah-a-terrorist-organisation-now&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20160818211656/https://csis-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/legacy_files/files/media/csis/pubs/050329_terrandextmvmts%5B1%5D.pdf) "Terrorist and Extremist Movements in the Middle East" (PDF) . Archived from (https://csis-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/legacy_files/files/media/csis/pubs/050329_terrandextmvmts%5B1%5D.pdf) the original (PDF) on 18 August 2016. Retrieved 6 June 2016 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Terrorist+and+Extremist+Movements+in+the+Middle+East&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcsis-prod.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fs3fs-public%2Flegacy_files%2Ffiles%2Fmedia%2Fcsis%2Fpubs%2F050329_terrandextmvmts%255B1%255D.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (https://www.americanprogress.org/events/2010/09/30/17001/hezbollahs-impact-on-security-and-political-dynamics-in-the-middle-east/) Hezbollah's Impact on Security and Political Dynamics in the Middle East , 30 September 2010  ↑   (http://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/sr111.pdf) Special Report 111: Global Terrorism after the Iraq War (https://web.archive.org/web/20240401134908/https://www.usip.org/sites/default/files/sr111.pdf) Archived 1 April 2024 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)  , October 2003  ↑   Congress. (https://books.google.com/books?id=eaCIX6d3Y5YC&pg=PA4533) Congressional Record , V. 151, Pt. 4 ...." Government Printing Office. 11 March to 6 April 2005. 23 January 2011.  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Weisman, Jonathan (27 July 2006). (https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/07/26/AR2006072600230.html) "Iraqi Prime Minister Presses for More Aid" . The Washington Post . Retrieved 4 September 2013 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Iraqi+Prime+Minister+Presses+for+More+Aid&rft.date=2006-07-27&rft.au=Weisman%2C+Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2006%2F07%2F26%2FAR2006072600230.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20110620015347/http://www.house.gov/apps/list/press/ca28_berman/HATA_Joint_Release.shtml) "Reps. Berman, Issa, Boustany, Rahall Introduce Bipartisan Legislation to Make Certain No Taxpayer Funds Benefit Hezbollah" . The United States House of Representatives. 16 June 2011. Archived from (http://www.house.gov/apps/list/press/ca28_berman/HATA_Joint_Release.shtml) the original on 20 June 2011. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reps.+Berman%2C+Issa%2C+Boustany%2C+Rahall+Introduce+Bipartisan+Legislation+to+Make+Certain+No+Taxpayer+Funds+Benefit+Hezbollah&rft.pub=The+United+States+House+of+Representatives&rft.date=2011-06-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.house.gov%2Fapps%2Flist%2Fpress%2Fca28_berman%2FHATA_Joint_Release.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  George Galloway, Anna Botting. (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hbyF1Mp-fHk) Getting a word in  (TV) (News). Sky News.  Event occurs at 3:59–4:04. (https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211116/hbyF1Mp-fHk) Archived from the original on 16 November 2021. Retrieved 22 January 2011 . But they're not a terrorist organization.  (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Getting+a+word+in&rft.pub=Sky+News&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DhbyF1Mp-fHk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)     ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Weinthal, Benjamin (14 August 2013). (https://www.jpost.com/International/Switzerland-nominates-Hezbollah-advocate-for-UN-Human-Rights-Council-322971) "Switzerland nominates Hezbollah advocate for UN Human Rights Council" . The Jerusalem Post . Retrieved 14 August 2013 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Switzerland+nominates+Hezbollah+advocate+for+UN+Human+Rights+Council&rft.date=2013-08-14&rft.aulast=Weinthal&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FInternational%2FSwitzerland-nominates-Hezbollah-advocate-for-UN-Human-Rights-Council-322971&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)         Sources   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Al-Aloosy, Massaab (2020). The Changing Ideology of Hezbollah . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springer_International_Publishing) (Springer International Publishing) Springer International Publishing . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Changing+Ideology+of+Hezbollah&rft.pub=Springer+International+Publishing&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Al-Aloosy&rft.aufirst=Massaab&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Blanford, Nicholas; Salim, Arab (23 June 2013). (https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2013/0623/Why-Hezbollah-has-openly-joined-the-Syrian-fight) "Why Hezbollah has openly joined the Syrian fight" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Christian_Science_Monitor) (The Christian Science Monitor) The Christian Science Monitor  . Retrieved 28 July 2020 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hezbollah%2C+Islamist+Politics%2C+and+International+Society&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-137-40302-5&rft.aulast=Dionigi&rft.aufirst=Filippo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Farida, Mariam (2019). (https://books.google.com/books?id=5rqmDwAAQBAJ) Religion and Hezbollah: Political Ideology and Legitimacy  . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routledge) (Routledge) Routledge . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-000-45857-2) (Special:BookSources/978-1-000-45857-2) 978-1-000-45857-2  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religion+and+Hezbollah%3A+Political+Ideology+and+Legitimacy&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-1-000-45857-2&rft.aulast=Farida&rft.aufirst=Mariam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5rqmDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustus_Richard_Norton) (Augustus Richard Norton) Norton, Augustus Richard (2014). (https://books.google.com/books?id=hXOYDwAAQBAJ&pg=PR11) Hezbollah: A Short History  (2 ed.). (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princeton_University_Press) (Princeton University Press) Princeton University Press . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-400-85144-7) (Special:BookSources/978-1-400-85144-7) 978-1-400-85144-7  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hezbollah%3A+A+Short+History&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-400-85144-7&rft.aulast=Norton&rft.aufirst=Augustus+Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DhXOYDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPR11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Saouli, Adham (2018). (https://books.google.com/books?id=1GiDDwAAQBAJ) Hezbollah: Socialisation and its Tragic Ironies  . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edinburgh_University_Press) (Edinburgh University Press) Edinburgh University Press . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-474-41954-3) (Special:BookSources/978-1-474-41954-3) 978-1-474-41954-3  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hezbollah%3A+Socialisation+and+its+Tragic+Ironies&rft.pub=Edinburgh+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-474-41954-3&rft.aulast=Saouli&rft.aufirst=Adham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1GiDDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Worrall, James; Mabon, Simon; Clubb, Gordon (2015). (https://books.google.com/books?id=8AfHCgAAQBAJ&pg=PR9) Hezbollah: From Islamic Resistance to Government: From Islamic Resistance to Government  . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABC-CLIO) (ABC-CLIO) ABC-CLIO . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-440-83135-5) (Special:BookSources/978-1-440-83135-5) 978-1-440-83135-5  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hezbollah%3A+From+Islamic+Resistance+to+Government%3A+From+Islamic+Resistance+to+Government&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-440-83135-5&rft.aulast=Worrall&rft.aufirst=James&rft.au=Mabon%2C+Simon&rft.au=Clubb%2C+Gordon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8AfHCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPR9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Zirulnick, Ariel (21 December 2012). (https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2012/1221/In-Hezbollah-stronghold-Lebanese-Christians-find-respect-stability) "In Hezbollah stronghold, Lebanese Christians find respect, stability" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Christian_Science_Monitor) (The Christian Science Monitor) The Christian Science Monitor  . Retrieved 28 July 2020 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Christian+Science+Monitor&rft.atitle=In+Hezbollah+stronghold%2C+Lebanese+Christians+find+respect%2C+stability&rft.date=2012-12-21&rft.aulast=Zirulnick&rft.aufirst=Ariel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2FWorld%2FMiddle-East%2F2012%2F1221%2FIn-Hezbollah-stronghold-Lebanese-Christians-find-respect-stability&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Norton, Augustus R. (2018). Hezbollah: a short history (Updated and expanded third ed.). (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princeton_University_Press) (Princeton University Press) Princeton University Press . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780691180885) (Special:BookSources/9780691180885) 9780691180885  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hezbollah%3A+a+short+history&rft.edition=Updated+and+expanded+third&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9780691180885&rft.aulast=Norton&rft.aufirst=Augustus+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnus_Ranstorp) (Magnus Ranstorp) Ranstorp, Magnus (1997). Hizb'Allah in Lebanon: The Politics of the Western Hostage Crisis . St. Martin's Press. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-16491-1) (Special:BookSources/978-0-312-16491-1) 978-0-312-16491-1  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hizb%27Allah+in+Lebanon%3A+The+Politics+of+the+Western+Hostage+Crisis&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-312-16491-1&rft.aulast=Ranstorp&rft.aufirst=Magnus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnus_Ranstorp) (Magnus Ranstorp) Ranstorp, Magnus (Summer 1998). "The strategy and tactics of Hizballah's current Lebanonization process". (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_Politics) (Mediterranean Politics) Mediterranean Politics  . 3 (1): 103– 134. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) (Doi (identifier)) doi :(https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13629399808414643) 10.1080/13629399808414643 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mediterranean+Politics&rft.atitle=The+strategy+and+tactics+of+Hizballah%27s+current+Lebanonization+process&rft.ssn=summer&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=103-134&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F13629399808414643&rft.aulast=Ranstorp&rft.aufirst=Magnus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)   Tom Najem and Roy C. Amore, Historical Dictionary of Lebanon , Second Edition, Historical Dictionaries of Asia, Oceania, and the Middle East, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Lanham, Boulder, New York & London 2021. (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781538120439) (Special:BookSources/9781538120439) 9781538120439  , 1538120437    Further reading  Books  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Alagha?action=edit&redlink=1) (Joseph Alagha (page does not exist)) Joseph Alagha (2006). The Shifts in Hizbullah's Ideology: Religious Ideology, Political Ideology . Amsterdam University Press. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-5356-910-8) (Special:BookSources/978-90-5356-910-8) 978-90-5356-910-8  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Shifts+in+Hizbullah%27s+Ideology%3A+Religious+Ideology%2C+Political+Ideology&rft.pub=Amsterdam+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-90-5356-910-8&rft.au=Joseph+Alagha&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom_Diaz) (Tom Diaz) Tom Diaz ; (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_Newman) (Barbara Newman) Barbara Newman (2005). (https://books.google.com/books?id=EQzV3vuV7eAC) Lightning Out of Lebanon: Hezbollah Terrorists on American Soil  . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidio_Press) (Presidio Press) Presidio Press . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-345-47568-8) (Special:BookSources/978-0-345-47568-8) 978-0-345-47568-8  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lightning+Out+of+Lebanon%3A+Hezbollah+Terrorists+on+American+Soil&rft.pub=Presidio+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-345-47568-8&rft.au=Tom+Diaz&rft.au=Barbara+Newman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEQzV3vuV7eAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Nizar_Hamzeh?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ahmad Nizar Hamzeh (page does not exist)) Ahmad Nizar Hamzeh (2004). In The Path Of Hizbullah . Syracuse University Press. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8156-3053-1) (Special:BookSources/978-0-8156-3053-1) 978-0-8156-3053-1  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+The+Path+Of+Hizbullah&rft.pub=Syracuse+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-8156-3053-1&rft.au=Ahmad+Nizar+Hamzeh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judith_Palmer_Harik?action=edit&redlink=1) (Judith Palmer Harik (page does not exist)) Judith Palmer Harik (2006). Hezbollah: The Changing Face of Terrorism . I.B. Tauris. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84511-024-6) (Special:BookSources/978-1-84511-024-6) 978-1-84511-024-6  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hezbollah%3A+The+Changing+Face+of+Terrorism&rft.pub=I.B.+Tauris&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-84511-024-6&rft.au=Judith+Palmer+Harik&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hala_Jaber) (Hala Jaber) Hala Jaber (1997). (https://archive.org/details/hezbollahbornwit00jabe) Hezbollah  . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_University_Press) (Columbia University Press) Columbia University Press . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-10834-8) (Special:BookSources/978-0-231-10834-8) 978-0-231-10834-8  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hezbollah&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-231-10834-8&rft.au=Hala+Jaber&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhezbollahbornwit00jabe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avi_Jorisch?action=edit&redlink=1) (Avi Jorisch (page does not exist)) Avi Jorisch (2004). Beacon of Hatred: Inside Hizballahs Al-Manar Television . Washington Institute for Near East Policy. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-944029-88-6) (Special:BookSources/978-0-944029-88-6) 978-0-944029-88-6  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beacon+of+Hatred%3A+Inside+Hizballahs+Al-Manar+Television&rft.pub=Washington+Institute+for+Near+East+Policy&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-944029-88-6&rft.au=Avi+Jorisch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustus_Richard_Norton) (Augustus Richard Norton) Augustus Richard Norton (2000). (https://web.archive.org/web/20060720163202/http://www.cfr.org/publication/8612/hizballah_of_lebanon.html) Hizballah of Lebanon: Extremist Ideals vs. Mundane Politics  . Council on Foreign Relations. Archived from (http://www.cfr.org/publication/8612/hizballah_of_lebanon.html) the original on 20 July 2006. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hizballah+of+Lebanon%3A+Extremist+Ideals+vs.+Mundane+Politics&rft.pub=Council+on+Foreign+Relations&rft.date=2000&rft.au=Augustus+Richard+Norton&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cfr.org%2Fpublication%2F8612%2Fhizballah_of_lebanon.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augustus_Richard_Norton) (Augustus Richard Norton) Augustus Richard Norton (2007). (https://archive.org/details/hezbollahshorthi00nort) Hezbollah: A Short History  . Princeton University Press. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-13124-5) (Special:BookSources/978-0-691-13124-5) 978-0-691-13124-5  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hezbollah%3A+A+Short+History&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-691-13124-5&rft.au=Augustus+Richard+Norton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhezbollahshorthi00nort&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naim_Qassem) (Naim Qassem) Qassem, Naim (2005). (https://archive.org/details/hizbullahstoryfr00qasi) Hizbullah: The Story from Within  . Saqi Books. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86356-517-5) (Special:BookSources/978-0-86356-517-5) 978-0-86356-517-5  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hizbullah%3A+The+Story+from+Within&rft.pub=Saqi+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-86356-517-5&rft.aulast=Qassem&rft.aufirst=Naim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhizbullahstoryfr00qasi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amal_Saad-Ghorayeb) (Amal Saad-Ghorayeb) Amal Saad-Ghorayeb (2001). Hizbullah: Politics and Religion . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto_Press) (Pluto Press) Pluto Press . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7453-1793-9) (Special:BookSources/978-0-7453-1793-9) 978-0-7453-1793-9  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hizbullah%3A+Politics+and+Religion&rft.pub=Pluto+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-7453-1793-9&rft.au=Amal+Saad-Ghorayeb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamal_Sankari?action=edit&redlink=1) (Jamal Sankari (page does not exist)) Jamal Sankari (2005). Fadlallah: The Making of a Radical Shi'ite Leader . Saqi Books. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-86356-596-0) (Special:BookSources/978-0-86356-596-0) 978-0-86356-596-0  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fadlallah%3A+The+Making+of+a+Radical+Shi%27ite+Leader&rft.pub=Saqi+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-86356-596-0&rft.au=Jamal+Sankari&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)     Articles  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Natalia Antelava (2 June 2006). (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/8076820.stm) "Inside Lebanese Hezbollah militia" . BBC News. Retrieved 24 July 2009 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Inside+Lebanese+Hezbollah+militia&rft.date=2006-06-02&rft.au=Natalia+Antelava&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fmiddle_east%2F8076820.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHezbollah)      External links   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409)   Hezbollah at Wikipedia's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects) (Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects) sister projects   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg) (Wikimedia Commons logo)    (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hezbollah) (c:Category:Hezbollah) Media from Commons  ()    (https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Hezbollah) (q:Hezbollah) Quotations from Wikiquote  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg) (Wikisource logo)    (https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Hezbollah) (s:Hezbollah) Texts from Wikisource      (./Category:Pages_using_Sister_project_links_with_hidden_wikidata#q)   UN resolutions regarding Hezbollah  (https://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2004/sc8181.doc.htm) UN Press Release SC/8181 . UN. 2 September 2004. (https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=11823&Cr=Lebanon&Cr1=) Lebanon: Close Security Council vote backs free elections, urges foreign troop pullout . UN. 2 September 2004.   Other links  (http://www.brandeis.edu/crown/publications/meb/MEB78.pdf) Is Hezbollah Confronting a Crisis of Popular Legitimacy? (PDF) Eric Lob, Crown Centre for Middle East Studies, March 2014. (http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/html/pdf/hezbollah-testimony-05252005.pdf) Hezbollah . (https://web.archive.org/web/20201028175805/http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/html/pdf/hezbollah-testimony-05252005.pdf) Archived 28 October 2020 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)  : Financing Terror through Criminal Enterprise, Testimony of Matthew Levitt, Hearing of the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs, United States Senate. (https://web.archive.org/web/20070221003851/http://weekly.ahram.org.eg/2007/832/op92.htm) Hizbullah's two republics by Mohammed Ben Jelloun, Al-Ahram , 15–21 February 2007. (https://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/stories/lebanon/thestory.html) "Inside Hezbollah" – short documentary and extensive information from Frontline/World on PBS (http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3284023,00.html) Hizbullah – the 'Party of God' – fact file at Ynetnews  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)    (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Lebanese_political_parties) (Template:Lebanese political parties) (View this template) v   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Lebanese_political_parties) (Template talk:Lebanese political parties) (Discuss this template) t   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Lebanese_political_parties) (Special:EditPage/Template:Lebanese political parties) (Edit this template) e     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon) (Lebanon) (Lebanon)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Lebanon) (List of political parties in Lebanon) Political parties in Lebanon    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_of_Lebanon) (Council of Ministers of Lebanon) Ministers (24)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amal_Movement) (Amal Movement) Amal Movement (2) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbollah) Hezbollah (2) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_Revolutionary_Federation_in_Lebanon) (Armenian Revolutionary Federation in Lebanon) Armenian Revolutionary Federation (Tashnag) (1)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanese_Forces) (Lebanese Forces) Lebanese Forces (4) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_Socialist_Party) (Progressive Socialist Party) Progressive Socialist Party (2) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kataeb_Party) (Kataeb Party) Kataeb Party (1)     PM's share (9) President's share (3)          (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_Lebanon) (Parliament of Lebanon) National Assembly (128)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amal_Movement) (Amal Movement) Amal Movement (14) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbollah) Hezbollah (13) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_Revolutionary_Federation_in_Lebanon) (Armenian Revolutionary Federation in Lebanon) Armenian Revolutionary Federation (Tashnag) (3) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marada_Movement) (Marada Movement) Marada Movement (2) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Ahbash) (Al-Ahbash) Al-Ahbash (2) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba'ath_Party_–_Lebanon_Region) (Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Lebanon Region) Ba'ath Party (1) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dignity_Movement) (Dignity Movement) Dignity Movement (1) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popular_Nasserist_Organization) (Popular Nasserist Organization) Popular Nasserist Organization (1) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Party_(Lebanon)) (Union Party (Lebanon)) Union Party (1) Independent (5)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanese_Forces) (Lebanese Forces) Lebanese Forces (19) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Future_Movement) (Future Movement) Future Movement (8) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kataeb_Party) (Kataeb Party) Kataeb Party (4) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independence_Movement_(Lebanon)) (Independence Movement (Lebanon)) Independence Movement (2) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Liberal_Party_(Lebanon)) (National Liberal Party (Lebanon)) National Liberal Party (1) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Group_(Lebanon)) (Islamic Group (Lebanon)) Islamic group (1) Independent (3)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taqaddom_(Lebanon)) (Taqaddom (Lebanon)) Taqaddom (2) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanese_Communist_Party) (Lebanese Communist Party) Lebanese Communist Party (1) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beirut_Tuqawem?action=edit&redlink=1) (Beirut Tuqawem (page does not exist)) Beirut Tuqawem (1) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahalof_Watani?action=edit&redlink=1) (Tahalof Watani (page does not exist)) Tahalof Watani (1) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khatt_Ahmar?action=edit&redlink=1) (Khatt Ahmar (page does not exist)) Khatt Ahmar (1) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lana_(political_party)) (Lana (political party)) Lana (1) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osos_Lebanon?action=edit&redlink=1) (Osos Lebanon (page does not exist)) Osos Lebanon (1) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ReLebanon?action=edit&redlink=1) (ReLebanon (page does not exist)) ReLebanon (1)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Patriotic_Movement) (Free Patriotic Movement) Free Patriotic Movement (17) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_Socialist_Party) (Progressive Socialist Party) Progressive Socialist Party (8) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popular_Nasserist_Organization) (Popular Nasserist Organization) Popular Nasserist Organization (1) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Dialogue_Party) (National Dialogue Party) National Dialogue Party (1)          (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Lebanon) (Politics of Lebanon) Politics of Lebanon         (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1364279517)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231)    (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Arab–Israeli_conflict) (Template:Arab–Israeli conflict) (View this template) v   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Arab–Israeli_conflict) (Template talk:Arab–Israeli conflict) (Discuss this template) t   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arab–Israeli_conflict) (Special:EditPage/Template:Arab–Israeli conflict) (Edit this template) e     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab–Israeli_conflict) (Arab–Israeli conflict) Arab–Israeli conflict     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Arab–Israeli_conflict_participants) (Template:Arab–Israeli conflict participants) (View this template) v   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Arab–Israeli_conflict_participants) (Template talk:Arab–Israeli conflict participants) (Discuss this template) t   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arab–Israeli_conflict_participants) (Special:EditPage/Template:Arab–Israeli conflict participants) (Edit this template) e     Countries Authorities Organizations      Primary countries and authorities (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-Palestine_Government) (All-Palestine Government) All-Palestine  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Egypt) (Kingdom of Egypt) Egyptian Kingdom and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt) (Egypt) Republic  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_Strip) (Gaza Strip) Hamas Gaza  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Iraq) (Kingdom of Iraq) Iraqi Kingdom and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba'athist_Iraq) (Ba'athist Iraq) Ba'athist Iraq  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel) (Israel) Israel  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan) (Jordan) Jordan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Authority) (Palestinian Authority) Palestinian Authority  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia) (Saudi Arabia) Saudi Arabia  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Syrian_Republic) (Second Syrian Republic) Syrian Republic and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba'athist_Syria) (Ba'athist Syria) Ba'athist Syria      Organizations  Active (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amal_Movement) (Amal Movement) Amal  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Martyrs'_Brigades) (Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades) al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_League) (Arab League) Arab League  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Liberation_Front) (Arab Liberation Front) Arab Liberation Front  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Army_of_Islam_(Gaza)) (Army of Islam (Gaza)) Army of Islam  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine) (Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine) DFLP  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatah) (Fatah) Fatah  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guardians_of_the_Cedars) (Guardians of the Cedars) Guardians of the Cedars  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas) (Hamas) Hamas  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbollah) Hezbollah  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kataeb_Party) (Kataeb Party) Kataeb  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanese_Forces) (Lebanese Forces) Lebanese Forces  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Mourabitoun) (Al-Mourabitoun) al-Mourabitoun  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood) (Muslim Brotherhood) Muslim Brotherhood  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Islamic_Jihad) (Palestinian Islamic Jihad) PIJ  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Liberation_Front) (Palestinian Liberation Front) PLF  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Organization) (Palestine Liberation Organization) PLO  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Popular_Struggle_Front) (Palestinian Popular Struggle Front) Palestinian Popular Struggle Front  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine) (Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine) PFLP  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine_–_General_Command) (Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command) PFLP-GC  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popular_Resistance_Committees) (Popular Resistance Committees) Popular Resistance Committees  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/As-Sa'iqa) (As-Sa'iqa) as-Sa'iqa  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_Social_Nationalist_Party) (Syrian Social Nationalist Party) Syrian Social Nationalist Party      Former (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nidal_Organization) (Abu Nidal Organization) Abu Nidal Organization  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Higher_Committee) (Arab Higher Committee) Arab Higher Committee  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Liberation_Army) (Arab Liberation Army) Arab Liberation Army  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_September_Organization) (Black September Organization) Black September Organization  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haganah) (Haganah) Haganah  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Army_of_the_Holy_War) (Army of the Holy War) Holy War Army  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irgun) (Irgun) Irgun  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_Red_Army) (Japanese Red Army) Japanese Red Army  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lehi_(militant_group)) (Lehi (militant group)) Lehi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmach) (Palmach) Palmach  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolutionary_Cells_(German_group)) (Revolutionary Cells (German group)) Revolutionary Cells  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Lebanon_Army) (South Lebanon Army) South Lebanon Army           Other  countries (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France) (France) France  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuwait) (Kuwait) Kuwait  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libya) (Libya) Libya  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morocco) (Morocco) Morocco  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea) (North Korea) North Korea  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates) (United Arab Emirates) United Arab Emirates  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom) (United Kingdom) United Kingdom  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States) (United States) United States  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen) (Yemen) Yemen      Transnational (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union) (European Union) European Union  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations) (United Nations) United Nations      Former states (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union) (Soviet Union) Soviet Union  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Arab_Republic) (United Arab Republic) United Arab Republic            (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Arab–Israeli_armed_engagements) (Template:Arab–Israeli armed engagements) (View this template) v   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Arab–Israeli_armed_engagements) (Template talk:Arab–Israeli armed engagements) (Discuss this template) t   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arab–Israeli_armed_engagements) (Special:EditPage/Template:Arab–Israeli armed engagements) (Edit this template) e     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Arab–Israeli_conflict) (History of the Arab–Israeli conflict) Armed engagements    1947–1959 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948_Palestine_war) (1948 Palestine war) 1948 Palestine war   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948_Arab–Israeli_War) (1948 Arab–Israeli War) Arab–Israeli War (1948–1949)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Fedayeen_insurgency) (Palestinian Fedayeen insurgency) Palestinian Fedayeen insurgency (1949–1956)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suez_Crisis) (Suez Crisis) Suez Crisis (1956)      1960–1979 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1966_attack_on_Samu) (1966 attack on Samu) 1966 attack on Samu (1966)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-Day_War) (Six-Day War) Six-Day War (1967)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_of_Attrition) (War of Attrition) War of Attrition (1967–1970)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Karameh) (Battle of Karameh) Battle of Karameh (1968)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_insurgency_in_South_Lebanon) (Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon) Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon (1968–1982)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1968_Israeli_raid_on_Beirut_Airport) (1968 Israeli raid on Beirut Airport) Gift  (1968)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War) (Yom Kippur War) Yom Kippur War (1973)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabena_Flight_571) (Sabena Flight 571) Sabena Flight 571 (1972)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lod_Airport_massacre) (Lod Airport massacre) Lod Airport massacre (1972)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich_massacre) (Munich massacre) Munich massacre (1972)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mossad_assassinations_following_the_Munich_massacre) (Mossad assassinations following the Munich massacre) Bayonet  (1972–1979)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyan_Arab_Airlines_Flight_114) (Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114) Libyan Arab Airlines Flight 114 (1973)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma'alot_massacre) (Ma'alot massacre) Ma'alot massacre (1974)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savoy_Hotel_attack) (Savoy Hotel attack) Savoy Hotel attack (1975)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entebbe_raid) (Entebbe raid) Entebbe  (1976)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal_road_massacre) (Coastal road massacre) Coastal road massacre (1978)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1978_South_Lebanon_conflict) (1978 South Lebanon conflict) Litani  (1978)      1980–1999 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misgav_Am_hostage_crisis) (Misgav Am hostage crisis) Misgav Am hostage crisis (1980)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Opera) (Operation Opera) Opera  (1981)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982_Lebanon_War) (1982 Lebanon War) Lebanon War (1982)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bus_300_affair) (Bus 300 affair) Bus 300 affair (1984)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Lebanon_conflict_(1985–2000)) (South Lebanon conflict (1985–2000)) South Lebanon conflict (1985)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Wooden_Leg) (Operation Wooden Leg) Wooden Leg  (1985)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Intifada) (First Intifada) First Intifada (1987–1993)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1988_Negev_bus_hijacking) (1988 Negev bus hijacking) 1988 Negev bus hijacking (1988)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_Iraqi_missile_attacks_against_Israel) (1991 Iraqi missile attacks against Israel) Iraqi missile attacks against Israel (1991)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Bramble_Bush) (Operation Bramble Bush) Bramble Bush  (1992)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_suicide_attacks) (Palestinian suicide attacks) Palestinian suicide attacks (1993–2008; (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Palestinian_suicide_attacks) (List of Palestinian suicide attacks) list )  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Accountability) (Operation Accountability) Accountability  (1993)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Grapes_of_Wrath) (Operation Grapes of Wrath) Grapes of Wrath  (1996)      2000–present (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Intifada) (Second Intifada) Second Intifada (2000–2005)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_rocket_attacks_on_Israel) (Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel) Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel (2001–)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ain_es_Saheb_airstrike) (Ain es Saheb airstrike) Ain es Saheb airstrike (2003)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Bringing_Home_the_Goods) (Operation Bringing Home the Goods) Bringing Home the Goods  (2006)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_Gaza–Israel_conflict) (2006 Gaza–Israel conflict) Summer Rains  (2006)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_Israeli_operation_in_Beit_Hanoun) (2006 Israeli operation in Beit Hanoun) Autumn Clouds  (2006)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_Lebanon_War) (2006 Lebanon War) Lebanon War (2006)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza–Israel_conflict) (Gaza–Israel conflict) Gaza–Israel conflict (2006–) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Hot_Winter) (Operation Hot Winter) Hot Winter  (2007–2008)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_War_(2008–2009)) (Gaza War (2008–2009)) Gaza War (2008–2009)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Palestinian_militancy_campaign) (2010 Palestinian militancy campaign) Palestinian militancy campaign (2010)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_southern_Israel_cross-border_attacks) (2011 southern Israel cross-border attacks) Southern Israel cross-border attacks (2011)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_2012_Gaza–Israel_clashes) (March 2012 Gaza–Israel clashes) Returning Echo  (2012)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Gaza_War) (2012 Gaza War) Pillar of Defense  (2012)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Gaza_War) (2014 Gaza War) Gaza War (2014)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015–2016_wave_of_violence_in_the_Israeli–Palestinian_conflict) (2015–2016 wave of violence in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict) Wave of violence (2015–2016)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018–2019_Gaza_border_protests) (2018–2019 Gaza border protests) Gaza border protests (2018)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_2018_Gaza–Israel_clashes) (November 2018 Gaza–Israel clashes) Gaza–Israel clashes (2018)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_2019_Gaza–Israel_clashes) (May 2019 Gaza–Israel clashes) Gaza–Israel clashes (2019)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_2019_Gaza–Israel_clashes) (November 2019 Gaza–Israel clashes) Black Belt  (2019)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Israel–Palestine_crisis) (2021 Israel–Palestine crisis) Israel–Palestine crisis (2021)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Gaza–Israel_clashes) (2022 Gaza–Israel clashes) Breaking Dawn  (2022)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_2023_Gaza–Israel_clashes) (May 2023 Gaza–Israel clashes) Shield and Arrow  (2023)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_war) (Gaza war) Gaza war (2023–)    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli–Syrian_ceasefire_line_incidents_during_the_Syrian_civil_war) (Israeli–Syrian ceasefire line incidents during the Syrian civil war) Israeli–Syrian ceasefire line incidents during the Syrian civil war (2012–) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_invasion_of_Syria_(2024–present)) (Israeli invasion of Syria (2024–present)) Israeli invasion of Syria (2024–)              (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Arab–Israeli_diplomacy) (Template:Arab–Israeli diplomacy) (View this template) v   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Arab–Israeli_diplomacy) (Template talk:Arab–Israeli diplomacy) (Discuss this template) t   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Arab–Israeli_diplomacy) (Special:EditPage/Template:Arab–Israeli diplomacy) (Edit this template) e     Diplomacy and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab–Israeli_normalization) (Arab–Israeli normalization) peace proposals    Background 1914 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascus_Protocol) (Damascus Protocol) Damascus Protocol  1915 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McMahon–Hussein_correspondence) (McMahon–Hussein correspondence) McMahon–Hussein correspondence  1916 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sykes–Picot_Agreement) (Sykes–Picot Agreement) Sykes–Picot Agreement  1917 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balfour_Declaration) (Balfour Declaration) Balfour Declaration  1918 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declaration_to_the_Seven) (Declaration to the Seven) Declaration to the Seven  / (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-French_Declaration) (Anglo-French Declaration) Anglo-French Declaration  1919 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faisal–Weizmann_agreement) (Faisal–Weizmann agreement) Faisal–Weizmann agreement  1920 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Remo_conference) (San Remo conference) San Remo conference  1922 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Churchill_White_Paper) (Churchill White Paper) Churchill White Paper  1937 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peel_Commission) (Peel Commission) Peel Commission  1939 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Paper_of_1939) (White Paper of 1939) White Paper  1939 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Conference_of_1939) (London Conference of 1939) London Conference  1946 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morrison–Grady_Plan) (Morrison–Grady Plan) Morrison–Grady Plan  1947 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bevin_Plan) (Bevin Plan) Bevin Plan  1946–47 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Conference_of_1946–1947) (London Conference of 1946–1947) London Conference  1947 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestine) (United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine) UN Partition Plan  1948 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_trusteeship_proposal_for_Palestine) (American trusteeship proposal for Palestine) American trusteeship proposal      1948–1988 1948 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_194) (United Nations General Assembly Resolution 194) UN General Assembly (UNGA) Resolution 194  1949 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1949_Armistice_Agreements) (1949 Armistice Agreements) Armistice agreements  / (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lausanne_Conference_of_1949) (Lausanne Conference of 1949) Lausanne Conference  1950 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tripartite_Declaration_of_1950) (Tripartite Declaration of 1950) Tripartite Declaration  1967 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khartoum_Resolution) (Khartoum Resolution) Khartoum Resolution  / (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_242) (United Nations Security Council Resolution 242) UN Security Council (UNSC) Resolution 242  1971 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_298) (United Nations Security Council Resolution 298) UNSC Resolution 298  1973 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_338) (United Nations Security Council Resolution 338) UNSC Resolution 338  / (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_339) (United Nations Security Council Resolution 339) UNSC Resolution 339  1974 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agreement_on_Disengagement_between_Israel_and_Syria) (Agreement on Disengagement between Israel and Syria) Israel–Syria disengagement agreement  / (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_350) (United Nations Security Council Resolution 350) UNSC Resolution 350  1978 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_425) (United Nations Security Council Resolution 425) UNSC Resolution 425  / (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camp_David_Accords) (Camp David Accords) Camp David Accords  1979 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_446) (United Nations Security Council Resolution 446) UNSC Resolution 446  / (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt–Israel_peace_treaty) (Egypt–Israel peace treaty) Egypt–Israel peace treaty (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_autonomy_talks) (Palestinian autonomy talks) Palestinian autonomy talks   / (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_452) (United Nations Security Council Resolution 452) UNSC Resolution 452  1980 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_478) (United Nations Security Council Resolution 478) UNSC Resolution 478  / (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venice_Declaration) (Venice Declaration) Venice Declaration  1981 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_497) (United Nations Security Council Resolution 497) UNSC Resolution 497  1981–1982 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahd_Plan) (Fahd Plan) Fahd Plan  1982 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reagan_peace_plan) (Reagan peace plan) Reagan peace plan  1983 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_17_Agreement) (May 17 Agreement) Israel–Lebanon agreement  1987 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peres–Hussein_London_Agreement) (Peres–Hussein London Agreement) Peres–Hussein London Agreement  / (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amirav-Husseini_peace_meetings) (Amirav-Husseini peace meetings) Amirav-Husseini peace meetings  1988 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1988_Shultz_Initiative) (1988 Shultz Initiative) 1988 Shultz Initiative  / (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1988_Yasser_Arafat_speech_to_the_United_Nations_General_Assembly) (1988 Yasser Arafat speech to the United Nations General Assembly) 1988 Yasser Arafat speech to the United Nations General Assembly  1990 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hussein_initiative_of_12_August_1990) (Saddam Hussein initiative of 12 August 1990) Saddam Hussein initiative of 12 August 1990      1991–2016 1991 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid_Conference_of_1991) (Madrid Conference of 1991) Madrid Conference  1993 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo_Accords) (Oslo Accords) Oslo Accords (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel–Palestine_Liberation_Organization_letters_of_recognition) (Israel–Palestine Liberation Organization letters of recognition) Letters of recognition    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_East_Peace_Facilitation_Act_of_1993) (Middle East Peace Facilitation Act of 1993) Middle East Peace Facilitation Act  1994 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza–Jericho_Agreement) (Gaza–Jericho Agreement) Gaza–Jericho Agreement  / (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel–Jordan_peace_treaty) (Israel–Jordan peace treaty) Israel–Jordan peace treaty  1995 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beilin–Abu_Mazen_agreement) (Beilin–Abu Mazen agreement) Beilin–Abu Mazen agreement  1998 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wye_River_Memorandum) (Wye River Memorandum) Wye River Memorandum  1999 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharm_El_Sheikh_Memorandum) (Sharm El Sheikh Memorandum) Sharm El Sheikh Memorandum  2000 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000_Camp_David_Summit) (2000 Camp David Summit) Camp David Summit  / (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Clinton_Parameters) (The Clinton Parameters) Clinton Parameters  2000 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isratin) (Isratin) Isratin  2001 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taba_Summit) (Taba Summit) Taba Summit  / (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitchell_Report_(Arab–Israeli_conflict)) (Mitchell Report (Arab–Israeli conflict)) Mitchell Report  2002 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_Arab_League_summit) (2002 Arab League summit) Beirut Summit and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Peace_Initiative) (Arab Peace Initiative) peace initiative  / (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road_map_for_peace) (Road map for peace) Road map  / (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Peace_Plan) (Elon Peace Plan) Elon Plan  2003 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geneva_Initiative) (Geneva Initiative) Geneva Initiative  2004 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1559) (United Nations Security Council Resolution 1559) UNSC Resolution 1559  / (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1566) (United Nations Security Council Resolution 1566) UNSC Resolution 1566  2005 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1583) (United Nations Security Council Resolution 1583) UNSC Resolution 1583  / (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_Sharm_El_Sheikh_Summit) (2005 Sharm El Sheikh Summit) Sharm El Sheikh Summit  / (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_disengagement_from_the_Gaza_Strip) (Israeli disengagement from the Gaza Strip) Israeli disengagement from the Gaza Strip  / (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blockade_of_the_Gaza_Strip#2005_Agreement_on_Movement_and_Access) (Blockade of the Gaza Strip) Agreement on Movement and Access  / (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valley_of_Peace_initiative) (Valley of Peace initiative) Valley of Peace initiative  2006 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1850) (United Nations Security Council Resolution 1850) UNSC Resolution 1850  / (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartet_Principles) (Quartet Principles) Quartet Principles  2006 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1701) (United Nations Security Council Resolution 1701) UNSC Resolution 1701  2007 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annapolis_Conference) (Annapolis Conference) Annapolis Conference  2010 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010–2011_Israeli–Palestinian_peace_talks) (2010–2011 Israeli–Palestinian peace talks) Israeli–Palestinian peace talks  2011 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_Peace_Initiative) (Israeli Peace Initiative) Israeli Peace Initiative  2013 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013–2014_Israeli–Palestinian_peace_talks) (2013–2014 Israeli–Palestinian peace talks) Israeli–Palestinian peace talks  2016 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Kerry_Parameters) (John Kerry Parameters) John Kerry Parameters      2020–present  2020 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Israel–Palestine_peace_plan) (2020 Israel–Palestine peace plan) Israel–Palestine peace plan  / (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Accords) (Abraham Accords) Abraham Accords (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel–United_Arab_Emirates_normalization_agreement) (Israel–United Arab Emirates normalization agreement) Israel–UAE normalization agreement  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahrain–Israel_normalization_agreement) (Bahrain–Israel normalization agreement) Bahrain–Israel normalization agreement  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel–Sudan_normalization_agreement) (Israel–Sudan normalization agreement) Israel–Sudan normalization agreement  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel–Morocco_normalization_agreement) (Israel–Morocco normalization agreement) Israel–Morocco normalization agreement    2022 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli–Lebanese_maritime_border_dispute) (Israeli–Lebanese maritime border dispute) Israeli–Lebanese maritime border agreement  2025 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Emirates_Plan) (Palestinian Emirates Plan) Palestinian Emirates Plan  / (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_peace_plan) (Gaza peace plan) Gaza peace plan  2026 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Israel–Lebanon_peace_talks) (2026 Israel–Lebanon peace talks) Israel–Lebanon peace talks              (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1364279517)    (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Syrian_civil_war) (Template:Syrian civil war) (View this template) v   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Syrian_civil_war) (Template talk:Syrian civil war) (Discuss this template) t   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Syrian_civil_war) (Special:EditPage/Template:Syrian civil war) (Edit this template) e     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_civil_war) (Syrian civil war) Syrian civil war     Overviews    Main overviews (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_civil_war) (Syrian civil war) Syrian civil war  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war) (Timeline of the Syrian civil war) Timeline   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Background_and_causes_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War) (Background and causes of the Syrian Civil War) Background and causes  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_government_reactions_to_the_Syrian_civil_war) (Syrian government reactions to the Syrian civil war) Syrian government reactions  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belligerents_in_the_Syrian_civil_war) (Belligerents in the Syrian civil war) Belligerents   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inter-rebel_conflict_during_the_Syrian_civil_war) (Inter-rebel conflict during the Syrian civil war) Inter-rebel conflict  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spillover_of_the_Syrian_civil_war) (Spillover of the Syrian civil war) Spillover  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_of_cities_during_the_Syrian_civil_war) (Control of cities during the Syrian civil war) Cities and towns   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sectarianism_and_minorities_in_the_Syrian_civil_war) (Sectarianism and minorities in the Syrian civil war) Sectarianism and minorities  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_Desert_campaign_(2017–2024)) (Syrian Desert campaign (2017–2024)) Syrian Desert campaign (2017–2024)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Syrian_opposition_offensives) (2024 Syrian opposition offensives) 2024 Syrian opposition offensives  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_the_Assad_regime) (Fall of the Assad regime) Fall of the Assad regime      Effects and ongoing concerns (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casualties_of_the_Syrian_civil_war) (Casualties of the Syrian civil war) Casualties of the Syrian civil war  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refugees_of_the_Syrian_civil_war) (Refugees of the Syrian civil war) Refugees of the Syrian civil war  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanitarian_aid_during_the_Syrian_civil_war) (Humanitarian aid during the Syrian civil war) Humanitarian aid during the Syrian civil war  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights_violations_during_the_Syrian_civil_war) (Human rights violations during the Syrian civil war) Human rights violations during the Syrian civil war      Phases and processes (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_revolution) (Syrian revolution) Syrian revolution  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_insurgency_phase_of_the_Syrian_civil_war) (Early insurgency phase of the Syrian civil war) Early insurgency phase  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012–2013_escalation_of_the_Syrian_civil_war) (2012–2013 escalation of the Syrian civil war) 2012–2013 escalation  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_civil_war_ceasefires) (Syrian civil war ceasefires) Ceasefires  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_peace_process) (Syrian peace process) Syrian peace process      World reaction (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_Syrian_civil_war) (International reactions to the Syrian civil war) International reactions to the Syrian civil war  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war) (Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war) Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reactions_to_the_fall_of_the_Assad_regime) (Reactions to the fall of the Assad regime) Reactions to the fall of the Assad regime      Specific groups and countries (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war) (Russian involvement in the Syrian civil war) Russian involvement  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war) (Russian intervention in the Syrian civil war) Russian intervention  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war) (Turkish involvement in the Syrian civil war) Turkish involvement  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_occupation_of_northern_Syria) (Turkish occupation of northern Syria) Turkish occupation of northern Syria  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Northern_Syria_Buffer_Zone) (Second Northern Syria Buffer Zone) Second Northern Syria Buffer Zone  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idlib_demilitarization_(2018–2019)) (Idlib demilitarization (2018–2019)) Russian-Turkish agreement on Syria  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war) (US intervention in the Syrian civil war) US intervention in the Syrian civil war  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_attacks_on_U.S._bases_in_Iraq_and_Syria) (2023 attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq and Syria) 2023 attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq and Syria  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdish_Area_in_Syria) (Kurdish Area in Syria) Kurdish Area in Syria  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_Democratic_Forces) (Syrian Democratic Forces) Syrian Democratic Forces  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rojava_conflict) (Rojava conflict) Rojava conflict  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combined_Joint_Task_Force_–_Operation_Inherent_Resolve) (Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve) U.S. task force      Agreements and dialogues (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian-Turkish_agreement_on_Syria) (Russian-Turkish agreement on Syria) Russian-Turkish agreement on Syria  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AANES–Syria_relations) (AANES–Syria relations) Relations between the Syrian government and North-East Syria      Transitional phase (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_caretaker_government) (Syrian caretaker government) Syrian caretaker government  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_transitional_government) (Syrian transitional government) Syrian transitional government                 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war) (Timeline of the Syrian civil war) Timeline     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Background_and_causes_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War) (Background and causes of the Syrian Civil War) Background   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1963_Syrian_coup_d'état) (1963 Syrian coup d'état) 1963 coup (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_1963_Syrian_coup_attempt) (July 1963 Syrian coup attempt) 1963 failed coup    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1966_Syrian_coup_d'état) (1966 Syrian coup d'état) 1966 coup  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corrective_Revolution_(Syria)) (Corrective Revolution (Syria)) Corrective Revolution  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamist_uprising_in_Syria) (Islamist uprising in Syria) Islamist uprising  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999_Latakia_protests) (1999 Latakia protests) Latakia protests  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascus_Spring) (Damascus Spring) Damascus Spring  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Qamishli_riots) (2004 Qamishli riots) Qamishli riots  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_occupation_of_Lebanon) (Syrian occupation of Lebanon) Syrian occupation of Lebanon  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascus_Declaration) (Damascus Declaration) Damascus Declaration  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights_in_Syria) (Human rights in Syria) Human rights in Syria  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010s_in_Syria_political_history) (2010s in Syria political history) 2010s in Syria political history  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Spring) (Arab Spring) Arab Spring      2011   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January–April_2011)) (Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2011)) Jan–Apr  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May–August_2011)) (Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2011)) May–Aug  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September–December_2011)) (Timeline of the Syrian civil war (September–December 2011)) Sep–Dec  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_revolution) (Syrian revolution) Syrian revolution  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Hamza_Ali_Al-Khateeb) (Killing of Hamza Ali Al-Khateeb) Killing of Hamza Ali Al-Khateeb  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Daraa) (Siege of Daraa) Siege of Daraa  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Baniyas) (Siege of Baniyas) Siege of Baniyas  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Talkalakh_(May_2011)) (Siege of Talkalakh (May 2011)) May Talkalakh siege  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Rastan_and_Talbiseh) (Siege of Rastan and Talbiseh) Siege of Rastan and Talbiseh  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_2011_Jisr_ash-Shughur_clashes) (June 2011 Jisr ash-Shughur clashes) June Jisr ash-Shughur operation  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Hama_(2011)) (Siege of Hama (2011)) Siege of Hama  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Homs) (Siege of Homs) Siege of Homs  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Latakia_(2011)) (Siege of Latakia (2011)) Siege of Latakia  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_clashes_(2011–2014)) (Deir ez-Zor clashes (2011–2014)) Deir ez-Zor clashes (2011–2014)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_clashes_(November_2011–March_2012)) (Rif Dimashq clashes (November 2011–March 2012)) Rif Dimashq clashes (Nov 2011-Mar 2012) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Zabadani_(2012)) (Battle of Zabadani (2012)) Battle of Zabadani  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Douma) (Battle of Douma) Battle of Douma    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daraa_Governorate_clashes_(2011–2013)) (Daraa Governorate clashes (2011–2013)) Daraa Governorate clashes  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Rastan_(2011)) (Battle of Rastan (2011)) Battle of Rastan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idlib_Governorate_clashes_(September_2011_–_March_2012)) (Idlib Governorate clashes (September 2011 – March 2012)) Idlib Governorate clashes  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_2011_Jabal_al-Zawiya_massacres) (December 2011 Jabal al-Zawiya massacres) December Jabal al-Zawiya massacres      2012   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January–April_2012)) (Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2012)) Jan–Apr  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May–August_2012)) (Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2012)) May–Aug  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September–December_2012)) (Timeline of the Syrian civil war (September–December 2012)) Sep–Dec  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_2012_al-Midan_bombing) (January 2012 al-Midan bombing) January al-Midan bombing  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Rastan_(January–February_2012)) (Battle of Rastan (January–February 2012)) Battle of Rastan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Idlib_(2012)) (Battle of Idlib (2012)) First Battle of Idlib  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_al-Qusayr_(2012)) (Battle of al-Qusayr (2012)) Battle of al-Qusayr  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_2012_Idlib_Governorate_Operation) (April 2012 Idlib Governorate Operation) Idlib Governorate operation (Apr) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Taftanaz) (Battle of Taftanaz) Battle of Taftanaz    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Rastan_(May_2012)) (Battle of Rastan (May 2012)) May Battle of Rastan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houla_massacre) (Houla massacre) Houla massacre  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_al-Haffah) (Battle of al-Haffah) Battle of al-Haffah  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qubeir_massacre) (Al-Qubeir massacre) Al-Qubeir massacre  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Tremseh) (Battle of Tremseh) Battle of Tremseh  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Damascus_(2012)) (Battle of Damascus (2012)) Battle of Damascus (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/18_July_2012_Damascus_bombing) (18 July 2012 Damascus bombing) 18 July 2012 Damascus bombing    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Aleppo_(2012–2016)) (Battle of Aleppo (2012–2016)) Battle of Aleppo (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Anadan) (Battle of Anadan) Battle of Anadan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Base_46) (Siege of Base 46) Siege of Base 46    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasakah_Governorate_campaign_(2012–2014)) (Hasakah Governorate campaign (2012–2014)) Hasakah Governorate campaign (2012–2014)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(August–October_2012)) (Rif Dimashq offensive (August–October 2012)) Rif Dimashq offensive (Aug-Oct) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darayya_massacre) (Darayya massacre) Darayya massacre    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Khirbet_Al-Joz) (Battle of Khirbet Al-Joz) Battle of Khirbet Al-Joz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Maarrat_al-Numan_(2012)) (Battle of Maarrat al-Numan (2012)) Battle of Maarrat al-Numan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Wadi_Deif_(2012–2013)) (Siege of Wadi Deif (2012–2013)) First siege of Wadi Deif  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Harem) (Battle of Harem) Battle of Harem  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(November_2012–February_2013)) (Rif Dimashq offensive (November 2012–February 2013)) Rif Dimashq offensive (Nov 2012–Feb 2013) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Darayya_(November_2012–February_2013)) (Battle of Darayya (November 2012–February 2013)) Battle of Darayya    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqrab_massacre) (Aqrab massacre) Aqrab massacre  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Hama_offensive) (2012 Hama offensive) Hama offensive (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halfaya_massacre) (Halfaya massacre) Halfaya massacre    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Darayya_(November_2012–February_2013)) (Battle of Darayya (November 2012–February 2013)) Battle of Darayya  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quneitra_Governorate_clashes_(2012–2014)) (Quneitra Governorate clashes (2012–2014)) Quneitra Governorate clashes  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talbiseh_bakery_massacre) (Talbiseh bakery massacre) Talbiseh bakery massacre      2013   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January–April_2013)) (Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2013)) Jan–Apr  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May–December_2013)) (Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–December 2013)) May–Dec  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Safira) (Battle of Safira) Battle of Safira  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Shaddadi_(2013)) (Battle of Shaddadi (2013)) Battle of Shadadeh  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascus_offensive_(2013)) (Damascus offensive (2013)) Damascus offensive  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raqqa_campaign_(2012–2013)) (Raqqa campaign (2012–2013)) Raqqa campaign (2012–2013) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Raqqa_(2013)) (Battle of Raqqa (2013)) Battle of Raqqa (Mar)    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_Daraa_offensive) (2013 Daraa offensive) Daraa offensive  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(March–August_2013)) (Rif Dimashq offensive (March–August 2013)) Rif Dimashq offensive (Mar–Aug) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Jdaidet_al-Fadl) (Battle of Jdaidet al-Fadl) Battle of Jdaidet al-Fadl    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghouta_chemical_attack) (Ghouta chemical attack) Ghouta chemical attack  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qusayr_offensive) (Al-Qusayr offensive) Al-Qusayr offensive (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_al-Qusayr_(2013)) (Battle of al-Qusayr (2013)) Battle of al-Qusayr    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayda_and_Baniyas_massacres) (Bayda and Baniyas massacres) Bayda and Baniyas massacres  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_Hama_offensive) (2013 Hama offensive) Hama offensive  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hatla_massacre) (Hatla massacre) Hatla massacre  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khan_al-Assal_chemical_attack) (Khan al-Assal chemical attack) Khan al-Assal chemical attack  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khan_al-Assal_massacre) (Khan al-Assal massacre) Khan al-Assal massacre  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adra_massacre) (Adra massacre) Adra massacre  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Ras_al-Ayn_(2012–13)) (Battle of Ras al-Ayn (2012–13)) Battle of Ras al-Ayn  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Tell_Abyad_(2013)) (Battle of Tell Abyad (2013)) Battle of Tell Abyad  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(September–November_2013)) (Rif Dimashq offensive (September–November 2013)) Rif Dimashq offensive (Sep–Nov)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(October–December_2013)) (Aleppo offensive (October–December 2013)) Aleppo offensive (Oct–Dec)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_al-Yaarubiyah) (Battle of al-Yaarubiyah) Battle of al-Yaarubiyah  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Tell_Hamis_and_Tell_Brak_(December_2013–January_2014)) (Battle of Tell Hamis and Tell Brak (December 2013–January 2014)) Battle of Tell Hamis and Tell Brak (Dec–Jan)      2014   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January–July_2014)) (Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–July 2014)) Jan–Jul  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(August–December_2014)) (Timeline of the Syrian civil war (August–December 2014)) Aug–Dec  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inter-rebel_conflict_during_the_Syrian_civil_war) (Inter-rebel conflict during the Syrian civil war) First Inter-rebel conflict (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Markada) (Battle of Markada) Battle of Markada  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(April–July_2014)) (Deir ez-Zor offensive (April–July 2014)) Deir ez-Zor offensive    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Morek) (Battle of Morek) Battle of Morek  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(February–May_2014)) (Daraa offensive (February–May 2014)) Daraa offensive (Feb–May)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maan_massacre) (Maan massacre) Maan massacre  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Otaiba_ambush) (Al-Otaiba ambush) Al-Otaiba ambush  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Idlib_offensive) (2014 Idlib offensive) Idlib offensive  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Hosn) (Battle of Hosn) Battle of Hosn  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Latakia_offensive) (2014 Latakia offensive) Latakia Offensive  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Al-Malihah) (Battle of Al-Malihah) Battle of Al-Malihah  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Kafr_Zita_chemical_attack) (2014 Kafr Zita chemical attack) Kafr Zita chemical attack  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Wadi_Deif_(2014)) (Siege of Wadi Deif (2014)) Second siege of Wadi Deif  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qalamoun_offensive_(2014)) (Qalamoun offensive (2014)) Qalamoun offensive (Jun–Aug) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Arsal_(2014)) (Battle of Arsal (2014)) Battle of Arsal    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Shaer_gas_field_(July_2014)) (Battle of the Shaer gas field (July 2014)) First Battle of the Shaer gas field  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Eastern_Syria_offensive) (2014 Eastern Syria offensive) Eastern Syria offensive (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Tabqa_Airbase) (Battle of Tabqa Airbase) Battle of Tabqa Airbase    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_offensive_(February–July_2014)) (Northern Aleppo offensive (February–July 2014)) Northern Aleppo offensive (Feb–Jul)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Hama_offensive) (2014 Hama offensive) Hama Offensive  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Quneitra_offensive) (2014 Quneitra offensive) Quneitra offensive  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(August–November_2014)) (Rif Dimashq offensive (August–November 2014)) Rif Dimashq offensive (Aug–Nov)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Kobanî) (Siege of Kobanî) Siege of Kobanî  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homs_school_bombing) (Homs school bombing) Homs school bombing  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(October_2014)) (Daraa offensive (October 2014)) Daraa offensive (Oct)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Al-Safira_offensive) (2014 Al-Safira offensive) Al-Safira offensive  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_raid_on_Idlib_city) (2014 raid on Idlib city) Idlib Raid  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Nusra_Front–SRF/Hazzm_Movement_conflict) (Al-Nusra Front–SRF/Hazzm Movement conflict) Second Inter-Rebel Conflict  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Shaer_gas_field_(October–November_2014)) (Battle of the Shaer gas field (October–November 2014)) Second Battle of the Shaer gas field  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Al-Shaykh_Maskin_(2014)) (Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin (2014)) Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(December_2014)) (Deir ez-Zor offensive (December 2014)) Deir ez-Zor offensive (Dec)      2015   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January–July_2015)) (Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–July 2015)) Jan–Jul  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(August–December_2015)) (Timeline of the Syrian civil war (August–December 2015)) Aug–Dec  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Syrian_Air_Force_An-26_crash) (2015 Syrian Air Force An-26 crash) Air Force An-26 crash  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(January_2015)) (Daraa offensive (January 2015)) Daraa Offensive (Jan)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Southern_Syria_offensive) (2015 Southern Syria offensive) Southern Syria Offensive  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Hasakah_offensive) (Eastern Hasakah offensive) Eastern Hasakah offensive  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Sarrin_(March–April_2015)) (Battle of Sarrin (March–April 2015)) Battle of Sarrin (Mar–Apr)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Sarrin_(June–July_2015)) (Battle of Sarrin (June–July 2015)) Battle of Sarrin (Jun–Jul)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Bosra_(2015)) (Battle of Bosra (2015)) Battle of Bosra  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Idlib_offensive) (2015 Idlib offensive) Idlib Offensive  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Idlib_(2015)) (Battle of Idlib (2015)) Second Battle of Idlib  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Nasib_Border_Crossing) (Battle of Nasib Border Crossing) Battle of Nasib Border Crossing  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Yarmouk_Camp_(2015)) (Battle of Yarmouk Camp (2015)) Battle of Yarmouk Camp  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Hasakah_offensive) (Western Hasakah offensive) Western Hasakah offensive  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(May_2015)) (Palmyra offensive (May 2015)) Palmyra offensive (May)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Qamishli_bombings) (2015 Qamishli bombings) Qamishli bombings  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tell_Abyad_offensive) (Tell Abyad offensive) Tell Abyad offensive  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kobanî_massacre) (Kobanî massacre) Kobanî massacre  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quneitra_offensive_(June_2015)) (Quneitra offensive (June 2015)) Quneitra offensive (Jun)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(July–August_2015)) (Palmyra offensive (July–August 2015)) Palmyra offensive (Jul–Aug)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(September_2015)) (Rif Dimashq offensive (September 2015)) Rif Dimashq offensive (Sep)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_offensive_(October–November_2015)) (Northwestern Syria offensive (October–November 2015)) Northwestern Syria offensive (Oct–Nov)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(October–December_2015)) (Aleppo offensive (October–December 2015)) Aleppo offensive (Oct–Dec)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_al-Hawl_offensive) (2015 al-Hawl offensive) Al-Hawl offensive  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homs_offensive_(November–December_2015)) (Homs offensive (November–December 2015)) Homs offensive (Nov-Dec)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Aleppo_offensive_(2015–2016)) (East Aleppo offensive (2015–2016)) East Aleppo offensive (2015–2016)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015–2016_Latakia_offensive) (2015–2016 Latakia offensive) 2015–2016 Latakia offensive  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tishrin_Dam_offensive) (Tishrin Dam offensive) Tishrin Dam offensive  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Russian_Sukhoi_Su-24_shootdown) (2015 Russian Sukhoi Su-24 shootdown) Russian Sukhoi Su-24 shootdown      2016   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January–April_2016)) (Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2016)) Jan–Apr  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May–August_2016)) (Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2016)) May–Aug  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September–December_2016)) (Timeline of the Syrian civil war (September–December 2016)) Sep–Dec  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Al-Shaykh_Maskin_(2015–2016)) (Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin (2015–2016)) Second Battle of Al-Shaykh Maskin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(2016)) (Deir ez-Zor offensive (2016)) Deir ez-Zor offensive (Jan)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Sayyidah_Zaynab_attacks#January) (2016 Sayyidah Zaynab attacks) January Sayyidah Zaynab bombings  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_offensive_(February_2016)) (Northern Aleppo offensive (February 2016)) Northern Aleppo offensive (Feb)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ithriyah-Raqqa_offensive_(February–March_2016)) (Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (February–March 2016)) Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (Feb–Mar)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Shaddadi_offensive_(2016)) (Al-Shaddadi offensive (2016)) Al-Shaddadi offensive  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_2016_Homs_bombings) (February 2016 Homs bombings) February Homs bombings  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Sayyidah_Zaynab_attacks#February) (2016 Sayyidah Zaynab attacks) February Sayyidah Zaynab bombings  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Khanasir_offensive) (2016 Khanasir offensive) Khanasir offensive  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Tell_Abyad_(2016)) (Battle of Tell Abyad (2016)) Battle of Tel Abyad  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Maarrat_al-Numan_(2016)) (Battle of Maarrat al-Numan (2016)) Battle of Maarrat al-Numan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Qamishli_(2016)) (Battle of Qamishli (2016)) Battle of Qamishli (Apr)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_offensive_(March–June_2016)) (Northern Aleppo offensive (March–June 2016)) Northern Aleppo offensive (Mar–Jun)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(March_2016)) (Palmyra offensive (March 2016)) Palmyra offensive (Mar)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Ghouta_inter-rebel_conflict_(April–May_2016)) (East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (April–May 2016)) East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (Apr–May)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(April–May_2016)) (Rif Dimashq offensive (April–May 2016)) Rif Dimashq offensive (Apr–May)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Raqqa_offensive) (Northern Raqqa offensive) Northern Raqqa offensive (May)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_2016_Jableh_and_Tartous_bombings) (May 2016 Jableh and Tartous bombings) May Jableh & Tartous bombings  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ithriyah-Raqqa_offensive_(June_2016)) (Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (June 2016)) Ithriyah-Raqqa offensive (Jun)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(June–October_2016)) (Rif Dimashq offensive (June–October 2016)) Rif Dimashq offensive (Jun–Oct)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manbij_offensive_(2016)) (Manbij offensive (2016)) Manbij offensive (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokhar_massacre) (Tokhar massacre) Tokhar massacre    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Southern_Aleppo_campaign) (2016 Southern Aleppo campaign) Southern Aleppo campaign  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_al-Rai_(August_2016)) (Battle of al-Rai (August 2016)) Battle of al-Rai (Aug)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Euphrates_Shield) (Operation Euphrates Shield) Operation Euphrates Shield  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Aleppo_summer_campaign) (2016 Aleppo summer campaign) Aleppo summer campaign  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_al-Bab_offensive_(September_2016)) (Western al-Bab offensive (September 2016)) Western al-Bab offensive (Sep)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5_September_2016_Syria_bombings) (5 September 2016 Syria bombings) 5 September bombings  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_2016_Deir_ez-Zor_air_raid) (September 2016 Deir ez-Zor air raid) September Deir ez-Zor air raid  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_2016_Urum_al-Kubra_aid_convoy_attack) (September 2016 Urum al-Kubra aid convoy attack) September Urum al-Kubra aid convoy attack  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(September–October_2016)) (Aleppo offensive (September–October 2016)) Aleppo offensive (Sep–Oct)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Dabiq_offensive) (2016 Dabiq offensive) Dabiq offensive  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_al-Bab_offensive_(October–November_2016)) (Western al-Bab offensive (October–November 2016)) Western al-Bab offensive (Oct–Nov)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khan_al-Shih_offensive_(October–November_2016)) (Khan al-Shih offensive (October–November 2016)) Khan al-Shih offensive (Oct–Nov)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raqqa_campaign_(2016–2017)) (Raqqa campaign (2016–2017)) Raqqa campaign  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_al-Bab) (Battle of al-Bab) Battle of al-Bab  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleppo_offensive_(November–December_2016)) (Aleppo offensive (November–December 2016)) Aleppo offensive (Nov-Dec)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(December_2016)) (Palmyra offensive (December 2016)) Palmyra offensive (Dec)      2017   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January–April_2017)) (Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2017)) Jan–Apr  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May–August_2017)) (Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2017)) May–Aug  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September–December_2017)) (Timeline of the Syrian civil war (September–December 2017)) Sep–Dec  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wadi_Barada_offensive_(2016–2017)) (Wadi Barada offensive (2016–2017)) Wadi Barada offensive (2016–2017)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_2017_Azaz_bombing) (January 2017 Azaz bombing) January Azaz bombing  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_Desert_campaign_(December_2016–April_2017)) (Syrian Desert campaign (December 2016–April 2017)) Desert campaign (Dec 16–Apr 17)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idlib_Governorate_clashes_(January–March_2017)) (Idlib Governorate clashes (January–March 2017)) Idlib clashes (Jan–Mar)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(January–February_2017)) (Deir ez-Zor offensive (January–February 2017)) Deir ez-Zor offensive (Jan–Feb)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(February–June_2017)) (Daraa offensive (February–June 2017)) Daraa offensive (Feb–Jun)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southwestern_Daraa_offensive_(February_2017)) (Southwestern Daraa offensive (February 2017)) Southwestern Daraa offensive (Feb)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qaboun_offensive_(2017)) (Qaboun offensive (2017)) Qaboun offensive  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(2017)) (Palmyra offensive (2017)) Palmyra offensive  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Aleppo_offensive_(2017)) (East Aleppo offensive (2017)) East Aleppo offensive (Jan–Apr)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_2017_Damascus_bombings) (March 2017 Damascus bombings) March Damascus bombings  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_al-Jinah_airstrike) (2017 al-Jinah airstrike) Al-Jinah airstrike  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hama_offensive_(March–April_2017)) (Hama offensive (March–April 2017)) Hama offensive (Mar–Apr)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Tabqa) (Battle of Tabqa) Battle of Tabqa  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khan_Shaykhun_chemical_attack) (Khan Shaykhun chemical attack) Khan Shaykhun chemical attack  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Shayrat_missile_strike) (2017 Shayrat missile strike) Shayrat missile strike  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Aleppo_suicide_car_bombing) (2017 Aleppo suicide car bombing) Aleppo bombing  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_2017_Turkish_airstrikes_in_Syria_and_Iraq) (April 2017 Turkish airstrikes in Syria and Iraq) April Turkish airstrikes  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Ghouta_inter-rebel_conflict_(April–May_2017)) (East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (April–May 2017)) East Ghouta inter-rebel conflict (Apr–May)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_Desert_campaign_(May–July_2017)) (Syrian Desert campaign (May–July 2017)) Desert campaign (May–Jul)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maskanah_Plains_offensive) (Maskanah Plains offensive) Maskanah Plains offensive  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Hama_offensive_(2017)) (East Hama offensive (2017)) East Hama offensive  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Raqqa_(2017)) (Battle of Raqqa (2017)) Battle of Raqqa  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daraa_offensive_(June_2017)) (Daraa offensive (June 2017)) Daraa offensive (Jun)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Southern_Raqqa_offensive) (2017 Southern Raqqa offensive) Southern Raqqa offensive (Jun)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Jobar_offensive) (2017 Jobar offensive) Jobar offensive (Jun–Aug)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quneitra_offensive_(June_2017)) (Quneitra offensive (June 2017)) Quneitra offensive (Jun)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idlib_Governorate_clashes_(July_2017)) (Idlib Governorate clashes (July 2017)) Idlib clashes (Jul)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Syria_campaign) (Central Syria campaign) Central campaign  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qalamoun_offensive_(2017)) (Qalamoun offensive (2017)) Qalamoun (Jul–Aug)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_campaign_(2017–2019)) (Deir ez-Zor campaign (2017–2019)) Deir ez-Zor offensive (Sep 17–Mar 18)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hama_offensive_(September_2017)) (Hama offensive (September 2017)) Hama offensive (Sep)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_campaign_(October_2017–February_2018)) (Northwestern Syria campaign (October 2017–February 2018)) Northwestern campaign (Oct 17–Feb 18)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_military_operation_in_Idlib_Governorate) (Turkish military operation in Idlib Governorate) Turkish military operation in Idlib Governorate  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Harasta_(2017–2018)) (Battle of Harasta (2017–2018)) Battle of Harasta  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Syria_campaign_(September–December_2017)) (Eastern Syria campaign (September–December 2017)) Eastern campaign (Sep–Dec) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Euphrates_Crossing_offensive) (2017 Euphrates Crossing offensive) Euphrates Crossing offensive  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Mayadin_offensive) (2017 Mayadin offensive) Mayadin offensive  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(September–November_2017)) (Deir ez-Zor offensive (September–November 2017)) Battle of Deir ez-Zor (Sep–Nov)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Abu_Kamal_offensive) (2017 Abu Kamal offensive) Abu Kamal offensive    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beit_Jinn_offensive) (Beit Jinn offensive) Beit Jinn offensive      2018   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January–April_2018)) (Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2018)) Jan–Apr  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May–August_2018)) (Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2018)) May–Aug  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September–December_2018)) (Timeline of the Syrian civil war (September–December 2018)) Sep–Dec  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Olive_Branch) (Operation Olive Branch) Operation Olive Branch  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Khasham) (Battle of Khasham) Battle of Khasham  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rif_Dimashq_offensive_(February–April_2018)) (Rif Dimashq offensive (February–April 2018)) Rif Dimashq offensive (Feb–Apr)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Damascus_offensive_(January–February_2018)) (Southern Damascus offensive (January–February 2018)) Southern Damascus offensive (Jan–Feb)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_Liberation_Front–Tahrir_al-Sham_conflict) (Syrian Liberation Front–Tahrir al-Sham conflict) Syrian Liberation Front–Tahrir al-Sham conflict  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Damascus_offensive_(March_2018)) (Southern Damascus offensive (March 2018)) Southern Damascus offensive (Mar)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Douma_chemical_attack) (Douma chemical attack) Douma chemical attack  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_2018_missile_strikes_against_Syria) (April 2018 missile strikes against Syria) Missile strikes (Apr)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Homs_offensive_(April–May_2018)) (Northern Homs offensive (April–May 2018)) Northern Homs offensive (Apr–May)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Qalamoun_offensive_(April_2018)) (Eastern Qalamoun offensive (April 2018)) Eastern Qalamoun offensive (Apr)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Damascus_offensive_(April–May_2018)) (Southern Damascus offensive (April–May 2018)) Southern Damascus offensive (Apr–May)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_Governorate_clashes) (Deir ez-Zor Governorate clashes) Deir ez-Zor clashes (Apr)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(2018)) (Deir ez-Zor offensive (2018)) Deir ez-Zor offensive (May–Jun)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suwayda_offensive_(June_2018)) (Suwayda offensive (June 2018)) Suwayda offensive (Jun)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Southern_Syria_offensive) (2018 Southern Syria offensive) Southern offensive  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Suwayda_attacks) (2018 Suwayda attacks) Suwayda attacks  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suwayda_offensive_(August–November_2018)) (Suwayda offensive (August–November 2018)) Suwayda (Aug-Nov)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qamishli_clashes_(2018)) (Qamishli clashes (2018)) Qamishli clashes (Sep)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria_missile_strikes_(September_2018)) (Syria missile strikes (September 2018)) Missile strikes (Sep)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Syrian-Turkish_border_clashes) (2018 Syrian-Turkish border clashes) Northern border clashes      2019   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January–April_2019)) (Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–April 2019)) Jan–Apr  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(May–August_2019)) (Timeline of the Syrian civil war (May–August 2019)) May–Aug  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(September–December_2019)) (Timeline of the Syrian civil war (September–December 2019)) Sep–Dec  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Front_for_Liberation–Tahrir_al-Sham_conflict) (National Front for Liberation–Tahrir al-Sham conflict) Idlib inter-rebel conflict  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Manbij_bombing) (2019 Manbij bombing) Manbij bombing  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Baghuz_Fawqani) (Battle of Baghuz Fawqani) Battle of Baghuz Fawqani  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISIL_insurgency_in_Deir_ez-Zor_(2019)) (ISIL insurgency in Deir ez-Zor (2019)) ISIL insurgency in Deir-ez-Zor  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dêrik_prison_escape_attempt) (Dêrik prison escape attempt) Dêrik prison escape attempt  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Tell_Rifaat_clashes) (2019 Tell Rifaat clashes) Tell Rifaat clashes  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_offensive_(April–August_2019)) (Northwestern Syria offensive (April–August 2019)) Northwestern offensive (Apr–Aug)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_2019_Syria_bombings) (June 2019 Syria bombings) June bombings  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hass_refugee_camp_bombing) (Hass refugee camp bombing) Hass refugee camp bombing  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria_missile_strikes_(August_2019)) (Syria missile strikes (August 2019)) Missile strikes (Aug)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Turkish_offensive_into_north-eastern_Syria) (2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria) Turkish offensive into northeast  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi) (Death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi) Barisha raid  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_2019_Syria_bombings) (November 2019 Syria bombings) November bombings  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_2019_Israeli_missile_strikes_in_Syria) (November 2019 Israeli missile strikes in Syria) Israeli missile strikes (Nov)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qah_missile_strike) (Qah missile strike) Qah missile strike  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_offensive_(December_2019–March_2020)) (Northwestern Syria offensive (December 2019–March 2020)) Northwestern offensive (Dec 19–Mar 20)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_2019_United_States_airstrikes_in_Iraq_and_Syria) (December 2019 United States airstrikes in Iraq and Syria) US airstrikes      2020   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(2020)) (Timeline of the Syrian civil war (2020)) Jan–Dec  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Syria) (COVID-19 pandemic in Syria) COVID-19 pandemic  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Afrin_bombing) (2020 Afrin bombing) Afrin bombing  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idlib_Governorate_clashes_(June_2020)) (Idlib Governorate clashes (June 2020)) Idlib Governorate clashes  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Kafr_Takharim_airstrike) (2020 Kafr Takharim airstrike) Kafr-Takharim airstrike  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020–2021_Ayn_Issa_clashes) (2020–2021 Ayn Issa clashes) Ayn Issa clashes  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Deir_ez-Zor_ambush) (2020 Deir ez-Zor ambush) Deir ez-Zor ambush      2021   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(2021)) (Timeline of the Syrian civil war (2021)) Jan–Dec  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Qamishli_and_Hasakah) (Siege of Qamishli and Hasakah) Siege of Qamishli and Hasakah  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria_missile_strikes_(January_2021)) (Syria missile strikes (January 2021)) Missile strikes (Jan)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_2021_United_States_airstrike_in_Syria) (February 2021 United States airstrike in Syria) US airstrike (Feb)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Qamishli_(2021)) (Battle of Qamishli (2021)) Battle of Qamishli (Apr)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_2021_United_States_airstrike_in_Syria) (June 2021 United States airstrike in Syria) US airstrike (Jun)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Daraa_clashes) (2021 Daraa clashes) Daraa clashes  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahrir_al-Sham–Junud_al-Sham_conflict) (Tahrir al-Sham–Junud al-Sham conflict) Tahrir al-Sham–Junud al-Sham conflict      2022   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(2022)) (Timeline of the Syrian civil war (2022)) Jan–Dec  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Hasakah_(2022)) (Battle of Hasakah (2022)) Battle of Hasakah  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Ahrar_al-Sham–Levant_Front_clashes) (2022 Ahrar al-Sham–Levant Front clashes) Ahrar al-Sham–Levant Front clashes  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Jabal_al-Bishrī_clashes) (2022 Jabal al-Bishrī clashes) Jabal al-Bishrī clashes  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Jarqli_airstrikes?action=edit&redlink=1) (2022 Jarqli airstrikes (page does not exist)) Jarqli airstrikes  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Aleppo_clashes_(October_2022)) (Northern Aleppo clashes (October 2022)) Northern Aleppo clashes (Oct)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Claw-Sword) (Operation Claw-Sword) Operation Claw-Sword  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_clashes_(December_2022–present)) (Northwestern Syria clashes (December 2022–present)) Northwest clashes (Dec)      2023   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(2023)) (Timeline of the Syrian civil war (2023)) Jan–Dec  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Al-Sukhnah_attack) (2023 Al-Sukhnah attack) Al-Sukhnah attack  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Damascus_airstrike) (2023 Damascus airstrike) Damascus airstrike  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Hama_attack) (2023 Hama attack) Hama attack  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Northern_Syria_clashes) (2023 Northern Syria clashes) Northern border clashes      2024   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(January–October_2024)) (Timeline of the Syrian civil war (January–October 2024)) Jan–Oct  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(November_2024–present)) (Timeline of the Syrian civil war (November 2024–present)) Nov–present  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Syrian_opposition_offensives) (2024 Syrian opposition offensives) Opposition offensives (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deir_ez-Zor_offensive_(2024)) (Deir ez-Zor offensive (2024)) Deir ez-Zor offensive  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northwestern_Syria_offensive_(2024)) (Northwestern Syria offensive (2024)) Northwestern Syria offensive (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Aleppo_(2024)) (Battle of Aleppo (2024)) Battle of Aleppo  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Hama_offensive) (2024 Hama offensive) Hama offensive    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Syria_offensive_(2024)) (Southern Syria offensive (2024)) Southern offensive  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Dawn_of_Freedom) (Operation Dawn of Freedom) Operation Dawn of Freedom (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manbij_offensive_(2024)) (Manbij offensive (2024)) Manbij offensive  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Ayn_Issa_attack) (2024 Ayn Issa attack) Ayn Issa attack  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Kobani_clashes) (2024 Kobani clashes) Kobani clashes    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Homs_offensive) (2024 Homs offensive) Homs offensive  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmyra_offensive_(2024)) (Palmyra offensive (2024)) Palmyra offensive  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Damascus_(2024)) (Fall of Damascus (2024)) Fall of Damascus  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_the_Assad_regime) (Fall of the Assad regime) Fall of the Assad regime (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Syria_clashes) (Western Syria clashes) Western Syria clashes  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbollah–Syria_clashes_(2024–present)) (Hezbollah–Syria clashes (2024–present)) Hezbollah-Syria clashes      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_offensive_into_northeastern_Syria_(2024–2025)) (Turkish offensive into northeastern Syria (2024–2025)) Turkish offensive  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_invasion_of_Syria_(2024–present)) (Israeli invasion of Syria (2024–present)) Israeli invasion      2025   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(November_2024–present)) (Timeline of the Syrian civil war (November 2024–present)) Nov 2024 –present  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Druze_insurgency_in_Southern_Syria) (Druze insurgency in Southern Syria) Druze insurgency (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Jaramana_clashes) (2025 Jaramana clashes) Jaramana clashes  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Syria_clashes_(April–May_2025)) (Southern Syria clashes (April–May 2025)) Southern clashes (April–May)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_2025_massacres_of_Syrian_Druze) (April 2025 massacres of Syrian Druze) Massacres of Syrian Druze  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Syria_clashes_(July_2025–present)) (Southern Syria clashes (July 2025–present)) Southern clashes (July–present)    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_massacres_of_Syrian_Alawites) (2025 massacres of Syrian Alawites) Massacres of Syrian Alawites  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_2025_Daraa_clashes) (March 2025 Daraa clashes) Daraa clashes  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar_Elias_Church_attack) (Mar Elias Church attack) Mar Elias Church attack  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleppo_clashes_(2025–2026)) (Aleppo clashes (2025–2026)) Aleppo clashes  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Homs_mosque_bombing) (2025 Homs mosque bombing) Homs mosque bombing      2026   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Syrian_civil_war_(November_2024–present)) (Timeline of the Syrian civil war (November 2024–present)) Nov 2024 –present  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_northeastern_Syria_offensive) (2026 northeastern Syria offensive) Northeastern Syria offensive      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spillover_of_the_Syrian_civil_war) (Spillover of the Syrian civil war) Spillover    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli–Syrian_ceasefire_line_incidents_during_the_Syrian_civil_war) (Israeli–Syrian ceasefire line incidents during the Syrian civil war) Israel and Golan Heights : (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_2017_Israel–Syria_incident) (March 2017 Israel–Syria incident) March 2017 incident  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_2018_Israel–Syria_incident) (February 2018 Israel–Syria incident) February 2018 incident  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_House_of_Cards) (Operation House of Cards) May 2018 Israel–Iran incidents      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_War_in_Iraq_(2014)) (Timeline of the War in Iraq (2014)) Iraq : (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akashat_ambush) (Akashat ambush) Akashat ambush  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_al-Shabah) (Operation al-Shabah) Operation al-Shabah  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_War_in_Iraq_(2014)#April) (Timeline of the War in Iraq (2014)) April 2014 Iraqi border airstrike      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordanian–Syrian_border_incidents_during_the_Syrian_civil_war) (Jordanian–Syrian border incidents during the Syrian civil war) Jordanian border incidents  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordanian–Syrian_border_incidents_during_the_Syrian_civil_war#2014) (Jordanian–Syrian border incidents during the Syrian civil war) April 2014 Jordanian border airstrike      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_civil_war_spillover_in_Lebanon) (Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon) Lebanon : (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012–2017_Lebanon–Syria_border_clashes) (2012–2017 Lebanon–Syria border clashes) Lebanese border clashes  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_Sidon_clash) (2013 Sidon clash) Battle of Sidon  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_embassy_bombing_in_Beirut) (Iranian embassy bombing in Beirut) Iranian embassy bombing in Beirut  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Lebanon_clashes_(2014)) (North Lebanon clashes (2014)) North Lebanon clashes  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qalamoun_offensive_(2017)) (Qalamoun offensive (2017)) Qalamoun (Jul–Aug 2017)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian–Turkish_border_clashes_during_the_Syrian_civil_war) (Syrian–Turkish border clashes during the Syrian civil war) Turkey : (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_2011_Syrian–Turkish_border_clash) (December 2011 Syrian–Turkish border clash) December 2011 Turkish border clash  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Turkish_F-4_Phantom_shootdown) (2012 Turkish F-4 Phantom shootdown) 2012 Turkish F-4 Phantom shootdown  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Syrian–Turkish_border_clashes) (2012 Syrian–Turkish border clashes) 2012 Turkish border clashes  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_Reyhanlı_car_bombings) (2013 Reyhanlı car bombings) 2013 Reyhanlı car bombings  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_2014_Turkish_attack_in_Syria) (January 2014 Turkish attack in Syria) January 2014 Turkish attack in Syria  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination_of_Andrei_Karlov) (Assassination of Andrei Karlov) Assassination of Andrei Karlov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Russian_Air_Force_Al-Bab_incident) (2017 Russian Air Force Al-Bab incident) Russian Air Force Al-Bab incident  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Balyun_airstrikes) (2020 Balyun airstrikes) 2020 Balyun airstrikes  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Spring_Shield) (Operation Spring Shield) Operation Spring Shield      Elsewhere: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Deir_ez-Zor_missile_strike) (2017 Deir ez-Zor missile strike) Deir ez-Zor missile strike (Iran)                     Belligerents    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba'athist_Syria) (Ba'athist Syria) Ba'athist regime   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Ba'athist_Syria) (Politics of Ba'athist Syria) Politics of Ba'athist Syria  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Ba'ath_Party_–_Syria_Region) (Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region) Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party – Syria Region (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba'ath_Brigades) (Ba'ath Brigades) Ba'ath Brigades    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_Social_Nationalist_Party) (Syrian Social Nationalist Party) Syrian Social Nationalist Party  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Socialist_Movement) (Arab Socialist Movement) Arab Socialist Movement  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_Communist_Party_(Bakdash)) (Syrian Communist Party (Bakdash)) Syrian Communist Party  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_Communist_Party_(Unified)) (Syrian Communist Party (Unified)) Syrian Communist Party (Unified)      Military and militias (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lions_of_Hussein) (Lions of Hussein) Lions of Hussein  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guardians_of_the_Dawn) (Guardians of the Dawn) Guardians of the Dawn  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Nationalist_Guard) (Arab Nationalist Guard) Arab Nationalist Guard  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaysh_al-Muwahhidin) (Jaysh al-Muwahhidin) Jaysh al-Muwahhidin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sootoro) (Sootoro) Sootoro  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba'ath_Brigades) (Ba'ath Brigades) Ba'ath Brigades  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Defence_Forces) (National Defence Forces) National Defence Forces (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popular_Committees_(Syria)) (Popular Committees (Syria)) Popular Committees  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golan_Regiment) (Golan Regiment) Golan Regiment    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_Arab_Armed_Forces_(Ba'athist_Syria)) (Syrian Arab Armed Forces (Ba'athist Syria)) Syrian Arab Armed Forces  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eagles_of_the_Whirlwind) (Eagles of the Whirlwind) Eagles of the Whirlwind  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Islamic_Resistance_Front_in_Syria) (The Islamic Resistance Front in Syria) The Islamic Resistance Front in Syria  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_Council_for_the_Liberation_of_Syria) (Military Council for the Liberation of Syria) Military Council for the Liberation of Syria  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_Popular_Resistance) (Syrian Popular Resistance) Syrian Popular Resistance  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_Resistance) (Syrian Resistance) Syrian Resistance  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popular_Resistance_of_the_Eastern_Region) (Popular Resistance of the Eastern Region) Popular Resistance of the Eastern Region  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine_–_General_Command) (Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command) PFLP-GC (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jihad_Jibril_Brigades) (Jihad Jibril Brigades) Jihad Jibril Brigades    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galilee_Forces) (Galilee Forces) Galilee Forces  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Palestine_Movement) (Free Palestine Movement) Free Palestine Movement  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_People's_Party) (Palestinian People's Party) Palestinian People's Party  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liwa_Fatemiyoun) (Liwa Fatemiyoun) Liwa Fatemiyoun  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/As-Sa'iqa) (As-Sa'iqa) As-Sa'iqa  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liwa_al-Quds) (Liwa al-Quds) al-Quds Brigade  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Army) (Palestine Liberation Army) Palestine Liberation Army      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war) (Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war) Foreign support  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbollah_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war) (Hezbollah involvement in the Syrian civil war) Hezbollah involvement  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war) (Iranian intervention in the Syrian civil war) Iranian involvement (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liwa_Fatemiyoun) (Liwa Fatemiyoun) Liwa Fatemiyoun    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war) (Russian involvement in the Syrian civil war) Russian involvement (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian–Syrian_hospital_bombing_campaign) (Russian–Syrian hospital bombing campaign) medical facility targeting  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war) (Russian intervention in the Syrian civil war) military intervention  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wagner_Group_activities_in_Syria) (Wagner Group activities in Syria) Wagner Group    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraqi_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war) (Iraqi involvement in the Syrian civil war) Iraqi involvement (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popular_Mobilization_Forces) (Popular Mobilization Forces) Popular Mobilization Forces             (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_opposition_(2011–2024)) (Syrian opposition (2011–2024)) Opposition   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_Interim_Government) (Syrian Interim Government) Interim government  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Coalition_of_Syrian_Revolutionary_and_Opposition_Forces) (National Coalition of Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces) National Coalition (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_Coordination_Committees_of_Syria) (Local Coordination Committees of Syria) Local Coordination Committees    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_National_Council) (Syrian National Council) Syrian National Council  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Council_of_the_Syrian_Revolution) (Supreme Council of the Syrian Revolution) Supreme Council of the Syrian Revolution  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Coordination_Committee_for_Democratic_Change) (National Coordination Committee for Democratic Change) National Coordination Committee for Democratic Change  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_Revolution_General_Commission) (Syrian Revolution General Commission) Syrian Revolution General Commission  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_Support_Group) (Syrian Support Group) Syrian Support Group  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adopt_a_Revolution) (Adopt a Revolution) Adopt a Revolution  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_National_Council#Syrian_Patriotic_Group) (Syrian National Council) Syrian Patriotic Group      Opposition militias (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_National_Army) (Syrian National Army) Syrian National Army  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Syrian_Army) (Free Syrian Army) Free Syrian Army  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Front_for_Liberation) (National Front for Liberation) National Front for Liberation  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaysh_al-Izza) (Jaysh al-Izza) Army of Glory  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authenticity_and_Development_Front) (Authenticity and Development Front) Authenticity and Development Front  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Army_of_Free_Tribes) (Army of Free Tribes) Army of Free Tribes  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_Free_Army) (Syrian Free Army) Syrian Free Army  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood_in_Syria) (Muslim Brotherhood in Syria) Muslim Brotherhood in Syria  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grey_Wolves_(organization)) (Grey Wolves (organization)) Grey Wolves  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_Council_of_Tribes_and_Clans) (Syrian Council of Tribes and Clans) Syrian Council of Tribes and Clans      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war) (Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war) Foreign support  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war) (US intervention in the Syrian civil war) US intervention  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordanian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war) (Jordanian intervention in the Syrian civil war) Jordanian intervention  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qatari_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war) (Qatari involvement in the Syrian civil war) Qatar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war) (Saudi involvement in the Syrian civil war) Saudi Arabia  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war) (Turkish involvement in the Syrian civil war) Turkey           (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomous_Administration_of_North_and_East_Syria) (Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria) Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movement_for_a_Democratic_Society) (Movement for a Democratic Society) DFNS Government  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Union_Party_(Syria)) (Democratic Union Party (Syria)) Democratic Union Party  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdish_National_Council) (Kurdish National Council) Kurdish National Council  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Rojava) (List of political parties in Rojava) Smaller political parties      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_Democratic_Forces) (Syrian Democratic Forces) SDF militias  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People's_Defense_Units) (People's Defense Units) People's Protection Units  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women's_Protection_Units) (Women's Protection Units) Women's Protection Units  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Terror_Units) (Anti-Terror Units) Anti-Terror Units  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Sanadid_Forces) (Al-Sanadid Forces) Al-Sanadid Forces  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Army_of_Revolutionaries) (Army of Revolutionaries) Army of Revolutionaries  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_Democratic_Forces_military_councils) (Syrian Democratic Forces military councils) SDF military councils  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syriac_Military_Council) (Syriac Military Council) Syriac Military Council  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liwa_Thuwar_al-Raqqa) (Liwa Thuwar al-Raqqa) Liwa Thuwar al-Raqqa  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Democratic_Brigade) (Northern Democratic Brigade) Northern Democratic Brigade      Support (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patriotic_Union_of_Kurdistan) (Patriotic Union of Kurdistan) Patriotic Union of Kurdistan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdistan_Workers'_Party) (Kurdistan Workers' Party) Kurdistan Workers' Party  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Freedom_Battalion) (International Freedom Battalion) International Freedom Battalion  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinjar_Resistance_Units) (Sinjar Resistance Units) Sinjar Resistance Units  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Êzîdxan_Women's_Units) (Êzîdxan Women's Units) Êzîdxan Women's Units           (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamism) (Islamism) Islamists   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_State) (Islamic State) Islamic State  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_of_the_Islamic_State) (Military of the Islamic State) Military activity of ISIL  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dokumacılar) (Dokumacılar) Dokumacılar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Barakah_(Islamic_State_administrative_district)) (Al-Barakah (Islamic State administrative district)) Al-Barakah (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khalid_ibn_al-Walid_Army) (Khalid ibn al-Walid Army) Khalid ibn al-Walid Army (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yarmouk_Martyrs_Brigade) (Yarmouk Martyrs Brigade) Yarmouk Martyrs Brigade  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Muthanna_Movement) (Islamic Muthanna Movement) Islamic Muthanna Movement  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaysh_al-Jihad) (Jaysh al-Jihad) Jaysh al-Jihad      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jund_al-Aqsa) (Jund al-Aqsa) Jund al-Aqsa  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_of_the_One_and_Only) (Group of the One and Only) Group of the One and Only  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liwa_Dawud) (Liwa Dawud) Liwa Dawud  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liwa_Aqab_al-Islami) (Liwa Aqab al-Islami) Liwa Aqab al-Islami  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katibah_Nusantara) (Katibah Nusantara) Katibah Nusantara  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katiba_al-Bittar_al-Libi) (Katiba al-Bittar al-Libi) Katiba al-Bittar al-Libi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Khansaa_Brigade) (Al-Khansaa Brigade) Al-Khansaa Brigade  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saraya_Ansar_al-Sunnah) (Saraya Ansar al-Sunnah) Saraya Ansar al-Sunnah      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qaeda) (Al-Qaeda) al-Qaeda and allies (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Nusra_Front) (Al-Nusra Front) Al-Nusra Front ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabhat_Fatah_al-Sham) (Jabhat Fatah al-Sham) Jabhat Fatah al-Sham ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khorasan_group) (Khorasan group) Khorasan group , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suqour_al-Ezz) (Suqour al-Ezz) Suqour al-Ezz ) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaysh_Muhammad_in_Bilad_al-Sham) (Jaysh Muhammad in Bilad al-Sham) Jaysh Muhammad in Bilad al-Sham  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hay'at_Tahrir_al-Sham) (Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham) Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkistan_Islamic_Party_in_Syria) (Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria) Turkistan Islamic Party in Syria  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caucasus_Emirate) (Caucasus Emirate) Caucasus Emirate  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajnad_al-Kavkaz) (Ajnad al-Kavkaz) Ajnad al-Kavkaz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junud_al-Makhdi) (Junud al-Makhdi) Junud al-Makhdi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rouse_the_Believers_Operations_Room) (Rouse the Believers Operations Room) Rouse the Believers Operations Room ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansar_al-Tawhid_(Syria)) (Ansar al-Tawhid (Syria)) Ansar al-Tawhid ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firqat_al-Ghuraba) (Firqat al-Ghuraba) Firqat al-Ghuraba ), (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurras_al-Din) (Hurras al-Din) Hurras al-Din , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansar_al-Din_Front) (Ansar al-Din Front) Ansar al-Din Front ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harakat_Sham_al-Islam) (Harakat Sham al-Islam) Harakat Sham al-Islam ), (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansar_al-Islam_in_Kurdistan) (Ansar al-Islam in Kurdistan) Ansar al-Islam in Kurdistan ) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaish_al-Haramoun) (Jaish al-Haramoun) Jaish al-Haramoun  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaysh_al-Sunna) (Jaysh al-Sunna) Jaysh al-Sunna  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liwa_al-Muhajireen_wal-Ansar) (Liwa al-Muhajireen wal-Ansar) Liwa al-Muhajireen wal-Ansar ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Battalion) (Green Battalion) Green Battalion ) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mujahideen_Shura_Council_(Syria)) (Mujahideen Shura Council (Syria)) Mujahideen Shura Council  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malhama_Tactical) (Malhama Tactical) Malhama Tactical  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katibat_al-Tawhid_wal-Jihad) (Katibat al-Tawhid wal-Jihad) Katibat al-Tawhid wal-Jihad  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katibat_Jabal_al-Islam) (Katibat Jabal al-Islam) Katibat Jabal al-Islam  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jama'at_Ansar_al-Furqan_in_Bilad_al_Sham) (Jama'at Ansar al-Furqan in Bilad al Sham) Jama'at Ansar al-Furqan in Bilad al Sham  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghuraba_al-Sham) (Ghuraba al-Sham) Ghuraba al-Sham  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taliban) (Taliban) Taliban ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistani_Taliban) (Pakistani Taliban) Pakistani Taliban , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imam_Bukhari_Jamaat) (Imam Bukhari Jamaat) Imam Bukhari Jamaat ) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatah_al-Islam) (Fatah al-Islam) Fatah al-Islam  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhajirin_wa-Ansar_Alliance) (Muhajirin wa-Ansar Alliance) Muhajirin wa-Ansar Alliance ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liwaa_al-Umma) (Liwaa al-Umma) Liwaa al-Umma )                     People    Pro-(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba'athist_Syria) (Ba'athist Syria) Government  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assad_family) (Assad family) Assad family (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad) (Bashar al-Assad) Bashar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maher_al-Assad) (Maher al-Assad) Maher  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rifaat_al-Assad) (Rifaat al-Assad) Rifaat  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rami_Makhlouf) (Rami Makhlouf) Rami Makhlouf  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hafez_Makhlouf) (Hafez Makhlouf) Hafez Makhlouf    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahd_Jassem_al-Freij) (Fahd Jassem al-Freij) Fahd Jassem al-Freij  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suheil_al-Hassan) (Suheil al-Hassan) Suheil al-Hassan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Habib_Mahmud) (Ali Habib Mahmud) Ali Habib Mahmud  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawoud_Rajiha) (Dawoud Rajiha) Dawoud Rajiha  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouthaina_Shaaban) (Bouthaina Shaaban) Bouthaina Shaaban  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamad_Anas_Haitham_Soueid) (Mohamad Anas Haitham Soueid) Mohamad Anas Haitham Soueid  (Accused)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_opposition) (Syrian opposition) Dissidents  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammar_Abdulhamid) (Ammar Abdulhamid) Ammar Abdulhamid  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_al-Abdallah) (Ali al-Abdallah) Ali al-Abdallah  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adnan_al-Aroor) (Adnan al-Aroor) Adnan al-Aroor  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riad_al-Asaad) (Riad al-Asaad) Riad al-Asaad  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadi_al-Bahra) (Hadi al-Bahra) Hadi al-Bahra  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_al-Bunni) (Anwar al-Bunni) Anwar al-Bunni  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haitham_al-Maleh) (Haitham al-Maleh) Haitham al-Maleh  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moaz_al-Khatib) (Moaz al-Khatib) Moaz al-Khatib  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamal_al-Labwani) (Kamal al-Labwani) Kamal al-Labwani  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Hamza_Ali_al-Khateeb) (Killing of Hamza Ali al-Khateeb) Hamza al-Khateeb  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tal_al-Mallohi) (Tal al-Mallohi) Tal al-Mallohi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fida_al-Sayed) (Fida al-Sayed) Fida al-Sayed  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riad_al-Turk) (Riad al-Turk) Riad al-Turk  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khaled_Khoja) (Khaled Khoja) Khaled Khoja  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammar_al-Qurabi) (Ammar al-Qurabi) Ammar al-Qurabi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suheir_Atassi) (Suheir Atassi) Suheir Atassi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Sadreddine_Al-Bayanouni) (Ali Sadreddine Al-Bayanouni) Ali Sadreddine Al-Bayanouni  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aref_Dalila) (Aref Dalila) Aref Dalila  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farid_Ghadry) (Farid Ghadry) Farid Ghadry  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burhan_Ghalioun) (Burhan Ghalioun) Burhan Ghalioun  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Razan_Ghazzawi) (Razan Ghazzawi) Razan Ghazzawi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghassan_Hitto) (Ghassan Hitto) Ghassan Hitto  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salim_Idris) (Salim Idris) Salim Idris  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randa_Kassis) (Randa Kassis) Randa Kassis  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Halim_Khaddam) (Abdul Halim Khaddam) Abdul Halim Khaddam  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Kilo) (Michel Kilo) Michel Kilo  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bassma_Kodmani) (Bassma Kodmani) Bassma Kodmani  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Mahmoud_Othman) (Ali Mahmoud Othman) Ali Mahmoud Othman  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yassin_al-Haj_Saleh) (Yassin al-Haj Saleh) Yassin al-Haj Saleh  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed_al-Sharaa) (Ahmed al-Sharaa) Ahmed al-Sharaa  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdulbaset_Sieda) (Abdulbaset Sieda) Abdulbaset Sieda  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riad_Seif) (Riad Seif) Riad Seif  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fadwa_Souleimane) (Fadwa Souleimane) Fadwa Souleimane  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaser_Tabbara) (Yaser Tabbara) Yaser Tabbara  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Razan_Zaitouneh) (Razan Zaitouneh) Razan Zaitouneh  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rami_Jarrah) (Rami Jarrah) Rami Jarrah  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdurrahman_Mustafa) (Abdurrahman Mustafa) Abdurrahman Mustafa  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fadlallah_al-Haji) (Fadlallah al-Haji) Fadlallah al-Haji      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DAANES) (DAANES) DAANES  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazloum_Abdi) (Mazloum Abdi) Mazloum Abdi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferhad_Şamî) (Ferhad Şamî) Ferhad Şamî  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salih_Muslim) (Salih Muslim) Salih Muslim                 Related    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elections_in_Syria) (Elections in Syria) Elections  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Syrian_local_elections) (2011 Syrian local elections) 2011 local elections  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Syrian_parliamentary_election) (2012 Syrian parliamentary election) 2012 parliamentary election  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Syrian_presidential_election) (2014 Syrian presidential election) 2014 presidential election  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Rojava_local_elections) (2015 Rojava local elections) 2015 Northern local elections  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Syrian_parliamentary_election) (2016 Syrian parliamentary election) 2016 parliamentary election  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Rojava_local_elections) (2017 Rojava local elections) 2017 Northern local elections  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Rojava_regional_elections) (2017 Rojava regional elections) 2017 Northern regional elections  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Syrian_local_elections) (2018 Syrian local elections) 2018 local elections  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Syrian_parliamentary_election) (2020 Syrian parliamentary election) 2020 parliamentary election  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Syrian_presidential_election) (2021 Syrian presidential election) 2021 presidential election      Issues (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casualties_of_the_Syrian_civil_war) (Casualties of the Syrian civil war) Casualties  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cities_and_towns_during_the_Syrian_civil_war) (Cities and towns during the Syrian civil war) Cities and towns  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Use_of_chemical_weapons_in_the_Syrian_civil_war) (Use of chemical weapons in the Syrian civil war) Chemical weapons  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_heritage_sites_damaged_during_the_Syrian_civil_war) (List of heritage sites damaged during the Syrian civil war) Damaged heritage sites  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war) (Foreign involvement in the Syrian civil war) Foreign involvement  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights_violations_during_the_Syrian_civil_war) (Human rights violations during the Syrian civil war) Human rights violations  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanitarian_aid_during_the_Syrian_civil_war) (Humanitarian aid during the Syrian civil war) Humanitarian aid  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_demonstrations_and_protests_relating_to_the_Syrian_civil_war) (International demonstrations and protests relating to the Syrian civil war) International demonstrations and protests  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_Syrian_civil_war) (International reactions to the Syrian civil war) International reactions  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_massacres_during_the_Syrian_civil_war) (List of massacres during the Syrian civil war) Massacres  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_mass_graves) (Syrian mass graves) Mass graves  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refugees_of_the_Syrian_civil_war) (Refugees of the Syrian civil war) Refugees  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sectarianism_and_minorities_in_the_Syrian_civil_war) (Sectarianism and minorities in the Syrian civil war) Sectarianism and minorities  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Status_of_the_Golan_Heights) (Status of the Golan Heights) Status of the Golan Heights  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_civil_war_spillover_in_Lebanon) (Syrian civil war spillover in Lebanon) Spillover in Lebanon  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_government_reactions_to_the_Syrian_civil_war) (Syrian government reactions to the Syrian civil war) Syrian government reactions      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_peace_process) (Syrian peace process) Peace process  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_League_monitors_in_Syria) (Arab League monitors in Syria) Arab League monitors  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friends_of_Syria_Group) (Friends of Syria Group) Friends of Syria Group  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kofi_Annan_Syrian_peace_plan) (Kofi Annan Syrian peace plan) Kofi Annan peace plan (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Supervision_Mission_in_Syria) (United Nations Supervision Mission in Syria) UN supervision mission    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakhdar_Brahimi_Syrian_peace_plan) (Lakhdar Brahimi Syrian peace plan) Lakhdar Brahimi peace plan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S.–Russia_peace_proposals_on_Syria) (U.S.–Russia peace proposals on Syria) U.S.–Russia peace proposals  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/39th_G8_summit) (39th G8 summit) 39th G8 summit  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2118) (United Nations Security Council Resolution 2118) UN Security Council Resolution 2118  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geneva_II_Conference_on_Syria) (Geneva II Conference on Syria) Geneva II conference  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_Zabadani_cease-fire_agreement) (2015 Zabadani cease-fire agreement) 2015 Zabadani cease-fire agreement  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna_peace_talks_for_Syria) (Vienna peace talks for Syria) Vienna talks  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geneva_peace_talks_on_Syria_(2016)) (Geneva peace talks on Syria (2016)) 2016 Geneva talks  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idlib_demilitarization_(2018–2019)) (Idlib demilitarization (2018–2019)) Idlib demilitarization (2018–present)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Syria_Buffer_Zone) (Northern Syria Buffer Zone) First Northern Syria Demilitarization Deal  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Northern_Syria_Buffer_Zone) (Second Northern Syria Buffer Zone) Second Northern Syria Demilitarization Deal  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_Negotiation_Commission) (Syrian Negotiation Commission) Syrian Negotiation Commission  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_Constitutional_Committee) (Syrian Constitutional Committee) Syrian Constitutional Committee      Investigations/legal cases Investigations (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_International_Commission_of_Inquiry_on_the_Syrian_Arab_Republic) (Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic) International Commission  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Mission_to_Investigate_Alleged_Uses_of_Chemical_Weapons_in_the_Syrian_Arab_Republic) (United Nations Mission to Investigate Alleged Uses of Chemical Weapons in the Syrian Arab Republic) Chemical weapons    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosecution_of_Syrian_civil_war_criminals) (Prosecution of Syrian civil war criminals) War crimes cases (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Völkerstrafgesetzbuch#Syrian_civil_war,_2017–present) (Völkerstrafgesetzbuch) Germany    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada_and_the_Netherlands_v._Syrian_Arab_Republic) (Canada and the Netherlands v. Syrian Arab Republic) Canada + Netherlands vs Syria       Related topics (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exclusive_mandate) (Exclusive mandate) Exclusive mandate  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference) (Fourth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference) Fourth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria_Files) (Syria Files) Syria Files  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Syrian_detainee_report) (2014 Syrian detainee report) Syrian detainee report  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_coverage_of_the_Syrian_civil_war) (Media coverage of the Syrian civil war) Syrian media coverage  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_European_migrant_crisis) (2015 European migrant crisis) 2015 European migrant crisis  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_civil_war_in_popular_culture) (Syrian civil war in popular culture) Syrian civil war in popular culture                (Category) ()    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Syrian_civil_war) (Category:Syrian civil war) Category         (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1364279517)    (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Military_of_the_Arab_world) (Template:Military of the Arab world) (View this template) v   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Military_of_the_Arab_world) (Template talk:Military of the Arab world) (Discuss this template) t   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Military_of_the_Arab_world) (Special:EditPage/Template:Military of the Arab world) (Edit this template) e     Militaries of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_world) (Arab world) Arab world    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovereign_state) (Sovereign state) Sovereign states  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algerian_People's_National_Army) (Algerian People's National Army) Algeria  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahrain_Defence_Force) (Bahrain Defence Force) Bahrain  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Army_of_National_Development) (Army of National Development) Comoros  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djibouti_Armed_Forces) (Djibouti Armed Forces) Djibouti  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_Armed_Forces) (Egyptian Armed Forces) Egypt  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraqi_Armed_Forces) (Iraqi Armed Forces) Iraq  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordanian_Armed_Forces) (Jordanian Armed Forces) Jordan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuwait_Armed_Forces) (Kuwait Armed Forces) Kuwait  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanese_Armed_Forces) (Lebanese Armed Forces) Lebanon  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libyan_Armed_Forces) (Libyan Armed Forces) Libya  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Mauritania) (Armed Forces of Mauritania) Mauritania  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Moroccan_Armed_Forces) (Royal Moroccan Armed Forces) Morocco  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan_of_Oman's_Armed_Forces) (Sultan of Oman's Armed Forces) Oman  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_National_Security_Forces) (Palestinian National Security Forces) Palestine  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qatar_Armed_Forces) (Qatar Armed Forces) Qatar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_Saudi_Arabia) (Armed Forces of Saudi Arabia) Saudi Arabia  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somali_Armed_Forces) (Somali Armed Forces) Somalia  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudanese_Armed_Forces) (Sudanese Armed Forces) Sudan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_Armed_Forces) (Syrian Armed Forces) Syria  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunisian_Armed_Forces) (Tunisian Armed Forces) Tunisia  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates_Armed_Forces) (United Arab Emirates Armed Forces) United Arab Emirates  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemeni_Armed_Forces) (Yemeni Armed Forces) Yemen      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition) (List of states with limited recognition) States with limited recognition  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahrawi_People's_Liberation_Army) (Sahrawi People's Liberation Army) Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somaliland_Armed_Forces) (Somaliland Armed Forces) Somaliland      Autonomous regional armed forces (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peshmerga) (Peshmerga) Peshmerga      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-state_actor) (Non-state actor) Non-state actors  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_of_the_Islamic_State) (Military of the Islamic State) Islamic State  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qassam_Brigades) (Al-Qassam Brigades) Hamas  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbollah) Hezbollah  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houthi_movement) (Houthi movement) Houthi movement  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People's_Defense_Units) (People's Defense Units) People's Defense Units      italic - country that sometimes recognized as part of Arab world      (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1364279517)    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Authority_control) (Help:Authority control) Authority control databases (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41053#identifiers) (Edit this at Wikidata) (Edit this at Wikidata)       International (https://isni.org/isni/0000000118821876) ISNI   (https://viaf.org/viaf/139513420) VIAF   (https://d-nb.info/gnd/5110433-7) GND       National (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n88191600) United States   (https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12476708q) France   (https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12476708q) BnF data   (Hizballah (Libanon)) (https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=kn20070126010&CON_LNG=ENG) Czech Republic    (https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/11044617) Norway   (https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000201412&P_CON_LNG=ENG) Latvia   (https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=329927) Greece   (https://libris.kb.se/c9prtgjw2tnknsk) Sweden   (https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810663499905606) Poland   (https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007262638005171) Israel   (https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058615045806706) Catalonia       Other (https://www.idref.fr/033963495) IdRef   (https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/hizbullah) İslâm Ansiklopedisi   (https://lux.collections.yale.edu/view/group/f0a1bfae-8453-420c-ace6-6606f6a97f58) Yale LUX          (./Category:Hezbollah#%20)  (./Category:1985_establishments_in_Lebanon)  (./Category:Anti-American_sentiment_in_the_Middle_East)  (./Category:Anti-imperialist_parties)  (./Category:Anti–Islamic_State_factions_in_Iraq)  (./Category:Anti–Islamic_State_factions_in_Syria)  (./Category:Anti-Israeli_sentiment_in_Lebanon)  (./Category:Anti-Western_sentiment_in_the_Middle_East)  (./Category:Anti-Zionism_in_Lebanon)  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