Hamas - Wikipedia (/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.parsoid.styles%7Cext.cite.styles%7Cext.phonos.icons%2Cstyles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediaBadges.ulsV2%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.skinning.content.parsoid%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022) (/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022) (//upload.wikimedia.org) (/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png) (/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico) (/w/rest.php/v1/search) (Wikipedia (en)) (//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en) (Wikipedia Atom feed) (/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom) (//meta.wikimedia.org)  (auth.wikimedia.org)   Jump to content (Main menu)  Main menu  Main menu move to sidebar hide  Navigation  (/wiki/Main_Page) (Visit the main page [z]) Main page   (/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents) (Guides to browsing Wikipedia) Contents   (/wiki/Portal:Current_events) (Articles related to current events) Current events   (/wiki/Special:Random) (Visit a randomly selected article [x]) Random article   (/wiki/Wikipedia:About) (Learn about Wikipedia and how it works) About Wikipedia   (//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us) (How to contact Wikipedia) Contact us      Contribute  (/wiki/Help:Contents) (Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia) Help   (/wiki/Help:Introduction) (Learn how to edit Wikipedia) Learn to edit   (/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal) (The hub for editors) Community portal   (/wiki/Special:RecentChanges) (A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]) Recent changes   (/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard) (Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia) Upload file   (/wiki/Special:SpecialPages) (A list of all special pages [q]) Special pages           (/wiki/Main_Page) () (Wikipedia) (The Free Encyclopedia)    (/wiki/Special:Search) (Search Wikipedia [f])  Search  (Search Wikipedia) (Search Wikipedia [f])   (Special:Search)  Search           (Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color)  Appearance         (https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en) Donate   (/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Hamas) (You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory) Create account   (/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Hamas) (You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. 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[o])  Log in                  Contents move to sidebar hide  (Top)   1 Etymology     2 History     3 Policies towards Israel and Palestine    Toggle Policies towards Israel and Palestine subsection  3.1 Truce proposals     3.2 Recognition of Israel     3.3 Evolution of positions   3.3.1 1988–1992 (first charter)     3.3.2 1992–2005     3.3.3 2006–2007: 1967 borders and a truce     3.3.4 2008–2016     3.3.5 2017–6 Oct 2023 (new charter)     3.3.6 7 Oct 2023–present     3.3.7 Reactions         4 Religious policy    Toggle Religious policy subsection  4.1 Gaza Strip     4.2 In the West Bank     4.3 Erdoğan's Turkey as a role model       5 Charter and policy documents    Toggle Charter and policy documents subsection  5.1 1988 charter     5.2 2017 charter       6 Organization    Toggle Organization subsection  6.1 Leadership and structure   6.1.1 Shura Council and Political Bureau       6.2 Finances and funding     6.3 Social services wing     6.4 Media   6.4.1 Al-Aqsa TV     6.4.2 Al-Fateh magazine     6.4.3 Social media       6.5 Internal security       7 Qassam Brigades (military wing)    Toggle Qassam Brigades (military wing) subsection  7.1 Gaza forces, October 2023       8 Symbols     9 Violence    Toggle Violence subsection  9.1 Attacks on civilians     9.2 Rocket attacks on Israel     9.3 Guerrilla warfare     9.4 Extrajudicial killings of rivals       10 Criticism    Toggle Criticism subsection  10.1 Allegations of antisemitism       11 Electoral performance    Toggle Electoral performance subsection  11.1 Legislative Council       12 Public opinion     13 Foreign relations    Toggle Foreign relations subsection  13.1 Terrorist designation     13.2 Israeli policy towards Hamas     13.3 Qatar and Turkey     13.4 United States       14 See also     15 Notes     16 References    Toggle References subsection  16.1 Sources   16.1.1 Books     16.1.2 Journal articles     16.1.3 Other         17 Further reading     18 External links           (Table of Contents)  Toggle the table of contents      Hamas    122 languages  (https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas) (Hamas – Afrikaans) Afrikaans   (https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas) (Hamas – Alemannic) Alemannisch   (https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9_%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3) (حركة حماس – Arabic) العربية   (https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3) (حماس – Moroccan Arabic) الدارجة   (https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9_%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3) (حركة حماس – Egyptian Arabic) مصرى   (https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas) (Hamas – Asturian) Asturianu   (https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C6%8FMAS) (HƏMAS – Azerbaijani) Azərbaycanca   (https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3) (حماس – South Azerbaijani) تۆرکجه   (https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D3%98%D0%9C%D3%98%D0%A1) (ХӘМӘС – Bashkir) Башҡортса   (https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas) (Hamas – Central Bikol) Bikol Central   (https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%85_%D1%96%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%83%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%83) (Рух ісламскага супраціву – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)) Беларуская (тарашкевіца)   (https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%90%D0%9C%D0%90%D0%A1) (ХАМАС – Belarusian) Беларуская   (https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81) (Хамас – Bulgarian) Български   (https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8) (हमास – Bhojpuri) भोजपुरी   (https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8) (হামাস – Bangla) বাংলা   (https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A7%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8D) (ཧ་མ་སི། – Tibetan) བོད་ཡིག   (https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas) (Hamas – Breton) Brezhoneg   (https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas) (Hamas – Bosnian) Bosanski   (https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ham%C3%A0s) (Hamàs – Catalan) Català   (https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%DB%95%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3) (حەماس – Central Kurdish) کوردی   (https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ham%C3%A1s) (Hamás – Czech) Čeština   (https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%90%D0%9C%D0%90%D0%A1) (ХАМАС – Chuvash) Чӑвашла   (https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas) (Hamas – Welsh) Cymraeg   (https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas) (Hamas – Danish) Dansk   (https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas) (Hamas – German) Deutsch   (https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemas) (Hemas – Dimli) Zazaki   (https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%AC%CF%82) (Χαμάς – Greek) Ελληνικά   (https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamaso) (Hamaso – Esperanto) Esperanto   (https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ham%C3%A1s) (Hamás – Spanish) Español   (https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B8%A8am%C4%81s) (Ḩamās – Estonian) Eesti   (https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas) (Hamas – Basque) Euskara   (https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3) (حماس – Persian) فارسی   (https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas) (Hamas – Finnish) Suomi   (https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas) (Hamas – Faroese) Føroyskt   (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas) (Hamas – French) Français   (https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas) (Hamas – Northern Frisian) Nordfriisk   (https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas) (Hamas – Western Frisian) Frysk   (https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas) (Hamas – Galician) Galego   (https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas) (Hamas – Hausa) Hausa   (https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A1) (חמאס – Hebrew) עברית   (https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8) (हमास – Hindi) हिन्दी   (https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas) (Hamas – Croatian) Hrvatski   (https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ham%C3%A1sz) (Hamász – Hungarian) Magyar   (https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BD) (Համաս – Armenian) Հայերեն   (https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%BD) (Համաս – Western Armenian) Արեւմտահայերէն   (https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas) (Hamas – Interlingua) Interlingua   (https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas) (Hamas – Iban) Jaku Iban   (https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas) (Hamas – Indonesian) Bahasa Indonesia   (https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas) (Hamas – Interlingue) Interlingue   (https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas) (Hamas – Ido) Ido   (https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas) (Hamas – Icelandic) Íslenska   (https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas) (Hamas – Italian) Italiano   (https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9) (ハマース – Japanese) 日本語   (https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas) (Hamas – Javanese) Jawa   (https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98) (ჰამასი – Georgian) ქართული   (https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B8%A4amas) (Ḥamas – Kabyle) Taqbaylit   (https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81) (Хамас – Kazakh) Қазақша   (https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%A0%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%8B) (ហាម៉ាស់ – Khmer) ភាសាខ្មែរ   (https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%98%EB%A7%88%EC%8A%A4) (하마스 – Korean) 한국어   (https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3) (حماس – Kashmiri) کٲشُر   (https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemas) (Hemas – Kurdish) Kurdî   (https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamasia) (Hamasia – Latin) Latina   (https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas) (Hamas – Luxembourgish) Lëtzebuergesch   (https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas) (Hamas – Limburgish) Limburgs   (https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas) (Hamas – Lombard) Lombard   (https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA) (ຮາມາສ – Lao) ລາວ   (https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas) (Hamas – Lithuanian) Lietuvių   (https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ham%C4%81s) (Hamās – Latvian) Latviešu   (https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8) (हमास – Maithili) मैथिली   (https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas) (Hamas – Malagasy) Malagasy   (https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas) (Hamas – Minangkabau) Minangkabau   (https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81) (Хамас – Macedonian) Македонски   (featured article) (https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D) (ഹമാസ് – Malayalam) മലയാളം   (https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81) (Хамас – Mongolian) Монгол   (https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8) (हमास – Marathi) मराठी   (https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas) (Hamas – Malay) Bahasa Melayu   (https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3) (حماس – Mazanderani) مازِرونی   (https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8) (हमास – Nepali) नेपाली   (https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas) (Hamas – Dutch) Nederlands   (https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas) (Hamas – Norwegian Nynorsk) Norsk nynorsk   (https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas) (Hamas – Norwegian Bokmål) Norsk bokmål   (https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8) (ਹਮਾਸ – Punjabi) ਪੰਜਾਬੀ   (https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas) (Hamas – Papiamento) Papiamentu   (https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas) (Hamas – Polish) Polski   (https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas) (Hamas – Piedmontese) Piemontèis   (https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3) (حماس – Western Punjabi) پنجابی   (https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3) (حماس – Pashto) پښتو   (https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas) (Hamas – Portuguese) Português   (https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas) (Hamas – Quechua) Runa Simi   (https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas) (Hamas – Romanian) Română   (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%90%D0%9C%D0%90%D0%A1) (ХАМАС – Russian) Русский   (https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas) (Hamas – Sicilian) Sicilianu   (https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3) (حماس – Sindhi) سنڌي   (https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas) (Hamas – Serbo-Croatian) Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски   (https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas) (Hamas – Simple English) Simple English   (https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ham%C3%A1s) (Hamás – Slovak) Slovenčina   (https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas) (Hamas – Slovenian) Slovenščina   (https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xamaas) (Xamaas – Somali) Soomaaliga   (https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamasi) (Hamasi – Albanian) Shqip   (https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%81) (Хамас – Serbian) Српски / srpski   (https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas) (Hamas – Swedish) Svenska   (https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas) (Hamas – Swahili) Kiswahili   (https://syl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%A0%A2%EA%A0%A3%EA%A0%9D%EA%A0%A3%EA%A0%8D) (ꠢꠣꠝꠣꠍ – Sylheti) ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ   (https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B9%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D) (ஹமாஸ் – Tamil) தமிழ்   (https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B9%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D) (హమాస్ – Telugu) తెలుగు   (https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%81) (Ҳамос – Tajik) Тоҷикӣ   (https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AE%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AA) (ฮะมาส – Thai) ไทย   (https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas) (Hamas – Tagalog) Tagalog   (https://tok.wikipedia.org/wiki/kulupu_Ama) (kulupu Ama – Toki Pona) Toki pona   (https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas) (Hamas – Turkish) Türkçe   (https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%90%D0%9C%D0%90%D0%A1) (ХАМАС – Ukrainian) Українська   (https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3) (حماس – Urdu) اردو   (https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas) (Hamas – Uzbek) Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча   (https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas) (Hamas – Vietnamese) Tiếng Việt   (https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas) (Hamas – Waray) Winaray   (https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF) (哈马斯 – Wu) 吴语   (https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%B0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98) (ჰამასი – Mingrelian) მარგალური   (https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A1) (כאמאס – Yiddish) ייִדיש   (https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%83%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8E%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%99) (ⵃⴰⵎⴰⵙ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight) ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ   (https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas) (Hamas – Minnan) 閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gí   (https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E9%A6%AC%E6%96%AF) (哈馬斯 – Cantonese) 粵語   (https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E9%A9%AC%E6%96%AF) (哈马斯 – Chinese) 中文    (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q38799#sitelinks-wikipedia) (Edit interlanguage links) Edit links       (/wiki/Hamas) (View the content page [c]) Article   (/wiki/Talk:Hamas) (Discuss improvements to the content page [t]) Talk      English         (/wiki/Hamas) Read   (/w/index.php?title=Hamas&action=edit) (This page is protected.
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(Page extended-confirmed-protected)       From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia    Islamist Palestinian political and paramilitary organization (./Category:Articles_with_short_description)  (./Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata)    For other uses, see (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas_(disambiguation)) (Hamas (disambiguation)) Hamas (disambiguation) . (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Not to be confused with (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamaas) (Hamaas) Hamaas . (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   "Islamic Resistance Movement" redirects here. For other uses, see (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Resistance_(disambiguation)) (Islamic Resistance (disambiguation)) Islamic Resistance (disambiguation) . (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   "Harakat al-Muqawama al-Islamiya" redirects here. Not to be confused with (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Sayyaf) (Abu Sayyaf) Abu Sayyaf (Al Hamas Harakat Al Muqawamah Al Islamiyyah).   (./Category:Wikipedia_extended-confirmed-protected_pages#Hamas)  (This page is subject to the extended confirmed restriction related to the Arab-Israeli conflict.)   (./Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_April_2025)    ()      This article may be (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_size) (Wikipedia:Article size) too long to read and navigate comfortably .  When this tag was added, its (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:SIZERULE) (Wikipedia:SIZERULE) readable prose size was 15,400 words.Consider (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Splitting) (Wikipedia:Splitting) splitting content into sub-articles, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Summary_style) (Wikipedia:Summary style) condensing it, or adding (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Section#Subsections) (Help:Section) subheadings . Please discuss this issue on the article's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Hamas) (Talk:Hamas) talk page . (January 2026 )       (./Category:Articles_that_may_be_too_long_from_January_2026)  (./Category:All_articles_that_may_be_too_long)    Islamic Resistance Movement (Arabic-language text) حركة المقاومة الإسلامية  (./Category:Articles_containing_Arabic-language_text)       (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Hamas.svg) (Emblem of Hamas, featuring map of Palestine, dome of Al-Aqsa, two Palestinian flags, and two swords)    Emblem of Hamas   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Hamas_Political_Bureau) (Chairman of the Hamas Political Bureau) Chairman of the Political Bureau  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khalil_al-Hayya) (Khalil al-Hayya) Khalil al-Hayya   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Hamas_Political_Bureau) (Chairman of the Hamas Political Bureau) Deputy Chairman of the Political Bureau  Vacant   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_leaders_of_Hamas#List_of_chairmen_of_shura_council) (List of leaders of Hamas) Chairman of the Shura Council  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Ismail_Darwish) (Muhammad Ismail Darwish) Muhammad Ismail Darwish   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_Strip_under_Hamas#Hamas_leader_in_the_Gaza_Strip) (Gaza Strip under Hamas) Hamas leader in the Gaza Strip  Vacant   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_leaders_of_Hamas#List_of_military_leaders_in_the_Gaza_Strip) (List of leaders of Hamas) Military commander  Vacant   Founders  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed_Yassin) (Ahmed Yassin) Ahmed Yassin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Ahmed_Yassin) (Killing of Ahmed Yassin) X   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdel_Aziz_al-Rantisi) (Abdel Aziz al-Rantisi) Abdel Aziz al-Rantisi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination_of_Abdel_Aziz_al-Rantisi) (Assassination of Abdel Aziz al-Rantisi) X     (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488)  ...  and others    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmoud_al-Zahar) (Mahmoud al-Zahar) Mahmoud al-Zahar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Taha_(Hamas)) (Mohammad Taha (Hamas)) Mohammad Taha  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manner_of_death#Natural_causes_of_death) (Manner of death) (Natural causes) #   [ 1]     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imad_al-Alami) (Imad al-Alami) Imad al-Alami [ 2]     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Fatah_Dukhan) (Abdul Fatah Dukhan) Abdul Fatah Dukhan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manner_of_death#Natural_causes_of_death) (Manner of death) (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319)  (Natural causes) #   [ 3]     Ibrahim Fares Al-Yazouri[ 4]     'Isa al-Nashshar[ 5]     Ibrahim Quqa[ 6]     Mohammed Hassan Shama'a[ 7]     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_Yousef_(Hamas_leader)) (Hassan Yousef (Hamas leader)) Hassan Yousef [ 8]         Founded 10 December 1987;  38 years ago  (10 December 1987 )   Headquarters (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_City) (Gaza City) Gaza City , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_Strip) (Gaza Strip) Gaza Strip   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military) (Military) Armed wing  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qassam_Brigades) (Al-Qassam Brigades) Al-Qassam Brigades   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_political_ideologies) (List of political ideologies) Ideology  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunni_Islamism) (Sunni Islamism) Sunni Islamism [ 11]      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_fundamentalism) (Islamic fundamentalism) Islamic fundamentalism [ 15]      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_nationalism) (Palestinian nationalism) Palestinian nationalism [ 17]     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Zionism) (Anti-Zionism) Anti-Zionism [ 18]     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_nationalism) (Islamic nationalism) Islamic nationalism [ 22]         (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_spectrum) (Political spectrum) Political position  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right-wing) (Right-wing) Right-wing [ 23]       Religion (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunni_Islam) (Sunni Islam) Sunni Islam   International affiliation (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axis_of_Resistance) (Axis of Resistance) Axis of Resistance (informal)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_alliance) (Political alliance) Political alliance  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alliance_of_Palestinian_Forces) (Alliance of Palestinian Forces) Alliance of Palestinian Forces  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Joint_Operations_Room) (Palestinian Joint Operations Room) Palestinian Joint Operations Room      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_colour) (Political colour) Colours    Green  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Legislative_Council) (Palestinian Legislative Council) Palestinian Legislative Council (2006) 74 / 132 (56%)      Website  (http://almoqawma.com) almoqawma .com     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Palestine) (Politics of Palestine) Politics of Palestine  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Palestine) (List of political parties in Palestine) Political parties  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elections_in_Palestine) (Elections in Palestine) Elections        The Islamic Resistance Movement , abbreviated Hamas [ a]    (an acronym from the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_language) (Arabic language) Arabic :  حركة المقاومة الإسلامية ,  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic) (Romanization of Arabic) romanized :  (Arabic-language romanization) Ḥarakat al-Muqāwamah al-ʾIslāmiyyah  (./Category:Articles_containing_Arabic-language_text)  ),[ 26]    [ b]    is a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunni) (Sunni) Sunni (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamist) (Islamist) Islamist (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_nationalist) (Palestinian nationalist) Palestinian nationalist political organisation with a military wing known as the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qassam_Brigades) (Al-Qassam Brigades) al-Qassam Brigades .It has (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_Strip_under_Hamas) (Gaza Strip under Hamas) governed the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_occupation_of_the_Gaza_Strip) (Israeli occupation of the Gaza Strip) Israeli-occupied Gaza Strip since 2007.[ 27]    [ 28]    In July 2026 it announced the resignation of its civilian administration under the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_peace_plan) (Gaza peace plan) Gaza peace plan and US President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump) (Donald Trump) Donald Trump announced that his (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Board_of_Peace) (Board of Peace) Board of Peace had reached an agreement to disarm Hamas.[ 29]    [ 30]     The Hamas movement was founded by Palestinian Islamic scholar (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed_Yassin) (Ahmed Yassin) Ahmed Yassin in 1987 after the outbreak of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Intifada) (First Intifada) First Intifada against the Israeli occupation. It emerged from his 1973 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mujama_al-Islamiya) (Mujama al-Islamiya) Mujama al-Islamiya Islamic charity affiliated with the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood) (Muslim Brotherhood) Muslim Brotherhood .[ 31]    Initially, Hamas was discreetly supported by (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel) (Israel) Israel , as a counter-balance to the secular (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Organization) (Palestine Liberation Organization) Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) to prevent the creation of an independent Palestinian state.[ 32]    [ 33]    In the 2006 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_Palestinian_legislative_election) (2006 Palestinian legislative election) Palestinian legislative election , Hamas secured a majority in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Legislative_Council) (Palestinian Legislative Council) Palestinian Legislative Council by campaigning on promises of a corruption-free government and advocating for resistance as a means to liberate Palestine from Israeli occupation.[ 34]    [ 35]    In the 2007 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Gaza_(2007)) (Battle of Gaza (2007)) Battle of Gaza , Hamas seized control of the Gaza Strip from rival Palestinian faction (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatah) (Fatah) Fatah .[ 36]    [ 37]    Hamas has since governed the territory separately from the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_National_Authority) (Palestinian National Authority) Palestinian National Authority , and many countries and nongovernmental organizations have criticized it for human rights violations ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Hamas) (Criticism of Hamas) Criticism of Hamas ).[ 38]    After Hamas's takeover, Israel significantly intensified existing movement restrictions and imposed a complete (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blockade_of_the_Gaza_Strip) (Blockade of the Gaza Strip) blockade of the Gaza Strip .[ 39]    Egypt also began its blockade of Gaza at this time. This was followed by multiple wars with Israel, including those (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_War_(2008–2009)) (Gaza War (2008–2009)) in 2008–09 , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Gaza_War) (2012 Gaza War) 2012 , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Gaza_War) (2014 Gaza War) 2014 , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Israel–Palestine_crisis) (2021 Israel–Palestine crisis) 2021 , and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_war) (Gaza war) an ongoing one since 2023 , which began with the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_7_attacks) (October 7 attacks) October 7 attacks . Hamas has promoted Palestinian nationalism in an (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_nationalism) (Religious nationalism) Islamic context [ 40]    and initially sought a state in all of former (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine) (Mandatory Palestine) Mandatory Palestine . It began acquiescing to 1967 borders in the agreements it signed with Fatah in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Cairo_Declaration) (Palestinian Cairo Declaration) 2005 , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Prisoners'_Document) (Palestinian Prisoners' Document) 2006 and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatah–Hamas_Mecca_Agreement) (Fatah–Hamas Mecca Agreement) 2007 .[ 41]    [ 42]    [ 43]    In 2017, Hamas released a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Hamas_charter) (2017 Hamas charter) new charter [ 44]    that supported a Palestinian state within the 1967 borders without recognizing Israel.[ 45]    [ 46]    [ 47]    Hamas's repeated offers of a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hudna) (Hudna) truce (for a period of 10–100 years[ 48]    (Pages: 221–246) :  221–246   ) based on the 1967 borders are seen by many as consistent with a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-state_solution) (Two-state solution) two-state solution ,[ 49]    [ 50]    while others state that Hamas retains the long-term objective of establishing one state in former Mandatory Palestine.[ 51]    (Pages: 837, 839) :  837, 839   While the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1988_Hamas_charter) (1988 Hamas charter) 1988 Hamas charter was widely described as (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antisemitic) (Antisemitic) antisemitic ,[ 52]    Hamas's 2017 charter[ 53]    removed the antisemitic language and declared (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zionists) (Zionists) Zionists , not Jews, the targets of their struggle.[ 54]    [ 55]    [ 56]    [ 57]    [ 58]    It has been debated whether the charter has reflected an actual change in policy.[ 59]     In terms of foreign policy, Hamas has historically sought out relations with Egypt,[ 60]    Iran,[ 60]    Qatar,[ 61]    Saudi Arabia,[ 62]    Syria[ 60]    and Turkey;[ 63]    some of its relations have been impacted by the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Spring) (Arab Spring) Arab Spring .[ 64]    Hamas and Israel have engaged in the protracted (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza–Israel_conflict) (Gaza–Israel conflict) Gaza–Israel conflict , as part of the broader (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli–Palestinian_conflict) (Israeli–Palestinian conflict) Israeli–Palestinian conflict . Hamas has attacked Israeli civilians, including through (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_suicide_attacks) (Palestinian suicide attacks) suicide bombings as well as (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_rocket_attacks_on_Israel) (Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel) launching rockets at Israeli cities. Australia, Canada, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Honduras, Israel, Japan, New Zealand, Paraguay, Trinidad and Tobago, the United Kingdom, the United States, and the European Union have designated Hamas as a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorist_organisation) (Terrorist organisation) terrorist organisation . In 2018 and 2023, motions at the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations) (United Nations) United Nations to condemn Hamas as terrorist organization failed to meet the two-thirds threshold.[ c]    [ 66]    [ 67]       Etymology  Hamas is an (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acronym) (Acronym) acronym of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic) (Arabic) Arabic phrase (Arabic-language text) حركة المقاومة الإسلامية  (./Category:Articles_containing_Arabic-language_text)  or (Arabic-language romanization) Ḥarakah al-Muqāwamah al-ʾIslāmiyyah  , meaning "Islamic Resistance Movement". This acronym, HMS, was (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossed) (Glossed) glossed in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1988_Hamas_charter) (1988 Hamas charter) 1988 Hamas Covenant [ 68]    by the Arabic word (Arabic-language romanization) ḥamās  ((Arabic-language text) حماس  (./Category:Articles_containing_Arabic-language_text)  ) which itself means "zeal", "strength", or "bravery".[ 69]      History  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Hamas) (History of Hamas) History of Hamas  Hamas was established in 1987, and allegedly has its origins in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt) (Egypt) Egypt 's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood) (Muslim Brotherhood) Muslim Brotherhood movement,[ 70]    [ 71]    which had been active in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_Strip) (Gaza Strip) Gaza Strip since the 1950s and gained influence through a network of mosques and various charitable and social organizations. Unlike other Palestinian factions, after the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-Day_War) (Six-Day War) Israeli occupation of Gaza in 1967 , the Brotherhood in Gaza refused to join the resistance boycott against Israel.[ 72]     In the 1980s, Hamas emerged as a powerful political factor, challenging the influence of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLO) (PLO) PLO , whose (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatah) (Fatah) Fatah faction it had played a core role in creating.[ 72]    In December 1987, the Brotherhood adopted a more nationalist and activist line under the name of Hamas.[ 73]     Hamas was initially discreetly supported by Israel as a counter-balance to the secular (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLO) (PLO) PLO .[ 32]    During the 1990s and early 2000s, the organization conducted numerous suicide bombings and other attacks against Israel.[ 74]     In the Palestinian legislative election of January 2006, Hamas gained a large majority of seats in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Parliament) (Palestinian Parliament) Palestinian Parliament , defeating the ruling (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatah) (Fatah) Fatah party. After the elections, conflicts arose between Hamas and Fatah, which they were unable to resolve.[ 75]    [ 76]    In June 2007, Hamas defeated Fatah in a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatah-Hamas_conflict#Conflict) (Fatah-Hamas conflict) series of violent clashes , and since that time Hamas has governed the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_Strip) (Gaza Strip) Gaza portion of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_territories) (Palestinian territories) Palestinian territories , while at the same time they were ousted from government positions in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bank) (West Bank) West Bank .[ 77]    [ 78]    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel) (Israel) Israel and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt) (Egypt) Egypt then imposed an (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_blockade_on_Gaza) (Economic blockade on Gaza) economic blockade on Gaza and largely sealed their borders with the territory.[ 79]    [ 80]     After acquiring control of Gaza, Hamas-affiliated and other militias launched rocket attacks upon Israel, which Hamas ceased in June 2008 following an (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt) (Egypt) Egyptian -brokered ceasefire.[ 81]    The ceasefire broke down late in 2008, with each side accusing the other of responsibility.[ 82]    In late December 2008, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008–2009_Israel–Gaza_conflict) (2008–2009 Israel–Gaza conflict) Israel attacked Gaza ,[ 83]    withdrawing its forces in mid-January 2009.[ 84]    Since 2009, Hamas has faced multiple military confrontations with Israel, notably the 2012 and 2014 Gaza Wars, leading to substantial casualties. Hamas has maintained control over Gaza, often clashing with the Palestinian Authority led by Fatah. Efforts at reconciliation between Hamas and Fatah have seen limited success. Hamas continued to face international isolation and blockades, while engaging in sporadic rocket attacks and tunnel construction activities against Israel. On 7 October 2023, Hamas and other Palestinian militants (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_7_attacks) (October 7 attacks) attacked Israel killing nearly 1,200 Israelis, about two thirds of them civilians.[ 85]    Approximately 250 Israeli civilians and soldiers were (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_war_hostage_crisis) (Gaza war hostage crisis) taken hostage and brought to the Gaza Strip,[ 86]    with the aim of securing the release of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_prisoners_in_Israel) (Palestinian prisoners in Israel) Palestinian prisoners in Israel (as part of a prisoner swap).[ 87]    Hamas said its attack was in response to Israel's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli-occupied_territories) (Israeli-occupied territories) continued occupation , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blockade_of_the_Gaza_Strip) (Blockade of the Gaza Strip) blockade of Gaza , and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_law_and_Israeli_settlements) (International law and Israeli settlements) settlements expansion , as well as alleged (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Aqsa_is_in_danger) (Al-Aqsa is in danger) threats to the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Mosque) (Al-Aqsa Mosque) Al-Aqsa Mosque and the plight of Palestinians.[ 88]    There are also reports of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_and_gender-based_violence_in_the_7_October_attack_on_Israel) (Sexual and gender-based violence in the 7 October attack on Israel) sexual violence by Hamas militants, allegations that Hamas has denied.[ 89]    Israel responded by (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_invasion_of_the_Gaza_Strip_(2023–present)) (Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip (2023–present)) invading the Gaza Strip , killing over 70,000 Palestinians, 59.1% of them women, children and the elderly according to a peer-reviewed study in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lancet) (The Lancet) The Lancet  .[ 90]     On 31 July 2024, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismail_Haniyeh) (Ismail Haniyeh) Ismail Haniyeh was (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination_of_Ismail_Haniyeh) (Assassination of Ismail Haniyeh) assassinated in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehran) (Tehran) Tehran , after attending the inauguration ceremony of Iranian president (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masoud_Pezeshkian) (Masoud Pezeshkian) Masoud Pezeshkian .[ 91]    In August 2024, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahya_Sinwar) (Yahya Sinwar) Yahya Sinwar , the leader of Hamas in Gaza, was elected chairman of the group, replacing Haniyeh. Per Hamas officials, he was elected due to his considerable popularity in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_world) (Arab world) Arab and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_world) (Islamic world) Islamic worlds following the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/7_October_attacks) (7 October attacks) 7 October attacks and his strong connections with Iran and the "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axis_of_Resistance) (Axis of Resistance) Axis of Resistance ," an informal Iranian-led political and military coalition.[ 92]    [ 93]    On 16 October 2024, IDF troops in southern Rafah on a routine patrol (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Yahya_Sinwar) (Killing of Yahya Sinwar) killed Sinwar in a chance encounter.[ 94]    In January 2025, the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_Street_Journal) (Wall Street Journal) Wall Street Journal  , citing Israeli sources, reported that Sinwar's younger brother, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_Sinwar) (Mohammed Sinwar) Mohammed Sinwar (aka Shadow ), was leading Hamas. Its sources said that Israel were "working hard to find him" and that he (aka Shadow ) along with Izz al-Din Haddad, of al-Qassam Brigades, were the two most senior commanders in the Gaza Strip.[ 95]    On 19 January 2025, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_2025_Gaza_war_ceasefire) (January 2025 Gaza war ceasefire) a ceasefire between Hamas and Israel went into effect. In January 2025, Hamas confirmed that its senior military chief, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_Deif) (Mohammed Deif) Mohammed Deif , was killed by Israel's military in July 2024.[ 96]    On 18 March 2025, Israel broke the ceasefire and shelling of the territory continued.[ 97]    [ 98]    In March 2025, Ismail Barhoum, a member of Hamas's political bureau was killed in an Israeli attack on (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasser_Hospital) (Nasser Hospital) Nasser Hospital in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khan_Younis) (Khan Younis) Khan Younis .[ 99]    In April 2025, according to the IDF, Yahya Fathi Abd al-Qader Abu Shaar, the head of Hamas' weapons smuggling network, was killed by the Israeli army.[ 100]    In May 2025, there were unconfirmed reports that (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_Sinwar) (Mohammed Sinwar) Mohammed Sinwar , Hamas leader in Gaza and the brother of Yahya Sinwar, and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Shabana) (Muhammad Shabana) Muhammad Shabana , commander of the Rafah Brigade, were killed by Israeli airstrike in the southern Gaza Strip.[ 101]    [ 102]    In June 2025, the Israeli military confirmed that it had identified the body of Mohammed Sinwar through (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA) (DNA) DNA checks.[ 103]    In August 2025, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Obaida) (Abu Obaida) Abu Obaida , the spokesman for Hamas's armed wing, was killed in an Israeli aerial (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination_of_Abu_Obaida) (Assassination of Abu Obaida) attack .[ 104]    A third ceasefire came into effect on 10 October after Israel and Hamas agreed to phase one of a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_peace_plan) (Gaza peace plan) US-backed peace plan .[ 105]    [ 106]    On 6 July 2026, Hamas announced the resignation of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_Strip_under_Hamas) (Gaza Strip under Hamas) its civil administration under the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_peace_plan) (Gaza peace plan) Gaza peace plan .[ 29]    [ 107]    [ 108]    On 31 July 2026, Trump said that his (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Board_of_Peace) (Board of Peace) Board of Peace had reached an agreement to disarm Hamas and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Joint_Operations_Room) (Palestinian Joint Operations Room) other militant organisations in Gaza . Hamas leader (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghazi_Hamad) (Ghazi Hamad) Ghazi Hamad declared that "draft agreement" announced by Trump calls for the transfer of heavy weaponry in Gaza to a Palestinian administration following Israeli withdrawal from Gaza.[ 109]    [ 30]      Policies towards Israel and Palestine  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409)   Part of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Palestinian_nationalism) (Category:Palestinian nationalism) a series on  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_nationalism) (Palestinian nationalism) Palestinian nationalism    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Palestine_Waving_Flag_Icon.svg)      Ideologies (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_nationalism) (Arab nationalism) Arab nationalism (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-Arabism) (Pan-Arabism) Pan-Arabism  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_socialism) (Arab socialism) Socialism    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jihadism) (Jihadism) Jihadism  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_nationalism) (Islamic nationalism) Islamic nationalism  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Left-wing_nationalism) (Left-wing nationalism) Left-wing nationalism  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinianism) (Palestinianism) Palestinianism       Principles (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-imperialism) (Anti-imperialism) Anti-imperialism  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Zionism) (Anti-Zionism) Anti-Zionism  "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/From_the_river_to_the_sea) (From the river to the sea) From the river to the sea " (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intifada) (Intifada) Intifada  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_land_laws) (Palestinian land laws) Land laws  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_identity) (Palestinian identity) Palestinian identity  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_right_of_return) (Palestinian right of return) Right of return  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_right_of_armed_resistance) (Palestinian right of armed resistance) Right of armed resistance  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_self-determination) (Palestinian self-determination) Self-determination  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumud) (Sumud) Sumud  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thawabit) (Thawabit) Thawabit        History (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine) (Mandatory Palestine) Mandatory Palestine  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-Palestine_Protectorate) (All-Palestine Protectorate) All-Palestine Protectorate (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McMahon–Hussein_correspondence) (McMahon–Hussein correspondence) McMahon–Hussein correspondence    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakba) (Nakba) Nakba  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naksa) (Naksa) Naksa  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Intifada) (First Intifada) First Intifada  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Intifada) (Second Intifada) Second Intifada  Gaza war (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_War_(2008–2009)) (Gaza War (2008–2009)) 2008  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Gaza_War) (2012 Gaza War) 2012  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Gaza_War) (2014 Gaza War) 2014  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Israel–Palestine_crisis) (2021 Israel–Palestine crisis) 2021  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_war) (Gaza war) 2023         People (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmoud_Abbas) (Mahmoud Abbas) Abbas  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat) (Yasser Arafat) Arafat  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanan_Ashrawi) (Hanan Ashrawi) Ashrawi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marwan_Barghouti) (Marwan Barghouti) Barghouti  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmoud_Darwish) (Mahmoud Darwish) Darwish  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_Deif) (Mohammed Deif) Deif  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Habash) (George Habash) Habash  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismail_Haniyeh) (Ismail Haniyeh) Haniyeh  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nayef_Hawatmeh) (Nayef Hawatmeh) Hawatmeh  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amin_al-Husseini) (Amin al-Husseini) al-Husseini  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghassan_Kanafani) (Ghassan Kanafani) Kanafani  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashid_Khalidi) (Rashid Khalidi) Khalidi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nidal) (Abu Nidal) Nidal  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sari_Nusseibeh) (Sari Nusseibeh) Nusseibeh  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Sa'adat) (Ahmad Sa'adat) Sa'adat  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Said) (Edward Said) Said  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khalil_Sakakini) (Khalil Sakakini) Sakakini  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahya_Sinwar) (Yahya Sinwar) Sinwar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fadwa_Tuqan) (Fadwa Tuqan) Tuqan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed_Yassin) (Ahmed Yassin) Yassin       Parties (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/As-Sa'iqa) (As-Sa'iqa) As-Sa'iqa  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balad_(political_party)) (Balad (political party)) Balad  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine) (Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine) DFLP  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatah) (Fatah) Fatah  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatah_al-Intifada) (Fatah al-Intifada) Fatah al-Intifada  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas) Hamas  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine) (Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine) PFLP  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine_–_General_Command) (Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command) PFLP-GC  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Islamic_Jihad) (Palestinian Islamic Jihad) PIJ  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Popular_Struggle_Front) (Palestinian Popular Struggle Front) PPSF  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Popular_Struggle_Front_(1991)) (Palestinian Popular Struggle Front (1991)) PPSF (1991)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Arab_Front) (Palestinian Arab Front) PAF  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Liberation_Front) (Palestinian Liberation Front) PLF  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Liberation_Front_(Abu_Nidal_Ashqar_wing)) (Palestinian Liberation Front (Abu Nidal Ashqar wing)) PLF (1991)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_People's_Party) (Palestinian People's Party) PPP  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolutionary_Palestinian_Communist_Party) (Revolutionary Palestinian Communist Party) RPCP       Alliances (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Organization) (Palestine Liberation Organization) Palestine Liberation Organization  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alliance_of_Palestinian_Forces) (Alliance of Palestinian Forces) Alliance of Palestinian Forces  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Joint_Operations_Room) (Palestinian Joint Operations Room) Palestinian Joint Operations Room       Related topics (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racism_in_Palestine#Antisemitism_in_Palestinian_territories) (Racism in Palestine) Antisemitism in Palestine (factions)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli–Palestinian_conflict) (Israeli–Palestinian conflict) Israeli–Palestinian conflict  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Palestine) (List of political parties in Palestine) List of political parties in Palestine  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_political_violence) (Palestinian political violence) Palestinian political violence  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_refugees) (Palestinian refugees) Palestinian refugees  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zionism) (Zionism) Zionism (opposing)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racism_in_Israel#Racism_against_Arab_citizens_by_Israeli_Jews) (Racism in Israel) Anti-Palestinian racism in Israel (opposing)        (flag)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Palestine) (Portal:Palestine) Palestine portal     (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Palestinian_nationalism_sidebar) (Template:Palestinian nationalism sidebar) (View this template) v   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Palestinian_nationalism_sidebar?action=edit&redlink=1) (Template talk:Palestinian nationalism sidebar (page does not exist)) (Discuss this template) t   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Palestinian_nationalism_sidebar) (Special:EditPage/Template:Palestinian nationalism sidebar) (Edit this template) e         Hamas' policy towards Israel has evolved. Historically, Hamas envisioned a Palestinian state on all of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine) (Mandatory Palestine) the territory that belonged to the British Mandate for Palestine (that is, from the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan_River) (Jordan River) Jordan River to the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea) (Mediterranean Sea) Mediterranean Sea ),[ 110]    and in its (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1988_Hamas_charter) (1988 Hamas charter) 1988 Charter framed the Mandate Palestine as 'Islamic (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waqf) (Waqf) waqf ' or endowment, under sovereignty of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_in_Islam) (God in Islam) God .[ 51]    (Pages: 837, 839) :  837, 839   Hamas leaders have repeatedly emphasized they do not recognize Israel.[ 44]    Since then the movement has on several occasions accepted the 1967 borders in formal agreement (in 2005,[ 43]    2006,[ 41]    and 2007[ 111]    ) and in its 2017 charter.[ 112]    Some scholars interpret this acceptance of the 1967 borders as an implicit acknowledgement of another political entity on the opposite side,[ 113]    [ 114]    [ 112]    while others argue that Hamas still maintains the long-term goal of establishing a single state across the territory of the former Mandatory Palestine.[ 51]    (Pages: 837, 839) :  837, 839   [ 115]    [ 116]    [ 117]    [ 118]    There is ongoing debate about whether Hamas would formally recognize Israel as part of a future peace agreement.[ 119]    [ 120]    [ 121]    Some analysts suggest that the continued refusal to officially recognize Israel may function primarily as leverage in potential negotiations.[ 122]    Some scholars have also drawn parallels between Hamas’s position on recognizing Israel and the historical stance of Likud, which has not recognized a Palestinian state in the West Bank and Gaza.[ 123]    [ 124]    [ 125]    [ 126]    [ 122]     Truce proposals  The founder of Hamas, sheikh (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed_Yassin) (Ahmed Yassin) Ahmed Yassin , has offered Israel a ten-year (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hudna) (Hudna) hudna  ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armistice) (Armistice) armistice ) in return for complete Israeli withdrawal from the territories captured in the 1967 war and establishing a Palestinian state in West Bank and Gaza. Later, Yassin has stated that this hudna could be renewed for 30, 40 or even 100 years.[ 48]    (Page: 238) :  238   [ 127]    Hamas's spokesperson, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed_Yousef) (Ahmed Yousef) Ahmed Yousef , has said that a "hudna" is more than a ceasefire and it "obliges parties to use the period to seek a permanent, non-violent resolution to their differences."[ 128]    Under (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharia) (Sharia) Islamic international law , a hudna is a binding and the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qur'an) (Qur'an) Qur'an prohibits its violation.[ 129]     Hamas first proposed a hudna in 1999. In exchange Israel would have to end the occupation of West Bank and Gaza Strip and release all (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_prisoners) (Palestinian prisoners) Palestinian prisoners .[ 129]    The 1999 proposal did not mention the issues of the return of the Palestinian refugees or Hamas's recognition of Israel, but interviewed Hamas leaders in 2010 added that the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_right_of_return) (Palestinian right of return) right of return should be accepted in principle by Israel (without direct actual implementation). Israel and Hamas should use the period of calm (armistice) for negotiating these two issues; if they would also be settled the temporary peace would convert into a permanent peace agreement.[ 129]     In 2006, Ismail Haniyeh, shortly after being (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_Palestinian_legislative_election) (2006 Palestinian legislative election) elected as (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Palestinian_National_Authority) (Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority) Prime Minister , sent messages both to US President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W._Bush) (George W. Bush) George W. Bush and to Israel's leaders, offering a long-term truce. Neither Israel nor the United States responded.[ 130]    Haniyeh's proposal reportedly was a fifty-year armistice with Israel, if a Palestinian state is created along the 1967 borders with East Jerusalem as its capital.[ 127]    A Hamas official added that the armistice would renew automatically each time.[ 131]    In mid-2006, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Maryland) (University of Maryland) University of Maryland 's Jerome Segal suggested that a Palestinian state within the 1967 borders and a truce for many years could be considered Hamas's de facto recognition of Israel.[ 132]    A similar proposal was once again offered by Hamas to Israel in November 2006.[ 133]     In November 2008, in a meeting, on Gaza Strip soil, with 11 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe) (Europe) European members of parliaments, Hamas leader Ismail Haniyeh re-stated that Hamas was willing to accept a Palestinian state "in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-Day_War) (Six-Day War) the territories of 1967 " ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_Strip) (Gaza Strip) Gaza Strip and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bank) (West Bank) West Bank ), and offered Israel a long-term truce if Israel recognized the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_right_of_return) (Palestinian right of return) Palestinians' national rights ; and stated that Israel rejected this proposal.[ 134]    A Hamas finance minister around 2018 contended that such a "long-term ceasefire as understood by Hamas and a two-state settlement are the same".[ 135]     According to Leila Seurat, the movement's leaders consider that a traditional peace treaty like those in the Western tradition would be tantamount to surrender, while a truce would provide an alternative allowing them to wait for an inversion in the regional balance of power to the Palestinians' advantage.[ 136]    Abusada, a political scientist at (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Azhar_University_–_Gaza) (Al-Azhar University – Gaza) Al Azhar University , wrote in 2008 that Hamas talks "of hudna [temporary ceasefire], not of peace or reconciliation with Israel. They believe over time they will be strong enough to liberate all historic Palestine."[ 137]    Some scholars have noted that alongside offering a long-term truce, Hamas retains its objective of establishing one state in former (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine) (Mandatory Palestine) Mandatory Palestine .[ 51]    (Pages: 837, 839) :  837, 839   Hamas originally proposed a 10-year truce, or (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hudna) (Hudna) hudna  , to Israel, contingent on the creation of a Palestinian state based on the 1967 borders. Sheikh Ahmed Yassin indicated that such truce could be extended for 30, 40, or even 100 years, but it would never signal a recognition of Israel. A Hamas official said that having an indefinite truce with Israel doesn't contradict Hamas's lack of recognition of Israel, comparing it to the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Republican_Army) (Irish Republican Army) Irish Republican Army 's willingness to accept a permanent armistice with the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom) (United Kingdom) United Kingdom without recognizing the UK's sovereignty over Northern Ireland.[ 48]    (Pages: 221–246) :  221–246     Recognition of Israel  Hamas leaders have repeatedly emphasized they do not recognize Israel.[ 44]    But Hamas has also repeatedly accepted the 1967 borders in signed agreements (in 2005,[ 43]    2006,[ 41]    and 2007[ 111]    ) and in its 2017 charter.[ 112]    Some scholars saw Hamas' acceptance of the 1967 borders as a tacit acceptance of another entity on the other side,[ 113]    [ 114]    [ 112]    while others state that Hamas retains the long-term objective of establishing one state in former Mandatory Palestine.[ 51]    (Pages: 837, 839) :  837, 839   [ 115]    [ 116]    [ 117]    [ 118]    Whether Hamas would recognize Israel in a future peace agreement is debated.[ 119]    [ 120]    [ 121]    Others argue that the long-term objective and lack of official recognition of Israel is merely maintained as a bargaining chip for future negotiations.[ 122]    Several scholars have compared Hamas's lack of recognition of Israel to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Likud) (Likud) Likud 's lack of recognition of a Palestinian state in the West Bank and Gaza.[ 123]    [ 124]    [ 125]    [ 126]    [ 122]     In 1995 Hamas repeated its rejection of any recognition of Israel.[ 138]    However, after Hamas won the 2006 elections, it did not implement the 1988 Charter as policy, and instead agreed to work with the existing Palestinian political system.[ 51]    (Page: 839) :  839   In the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_Mecca_agreement) (2007 Mecca agreement) 2007 Mecca agreement , Hamas agreed to respect previous agreements between Fatah and Israel, including the Oslo Accords in which the PLO recognized Israel.[ 111]    Both in the 2007 agreement and in the 2006 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Prisoners'_Document) (Palestinian Prisoners' Document) Palestinian Prisoners' Document , Hamas agreed to a Palestinian state based on the 1967 borders. Scholars see this as "implicit" recognition of Israel because by accepting a Palestinian state limited to the 1967 borders, Hamas acknowledged the existence of an entity on the other side.[ 114]    [ 112]     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mousa_Abu_Marzook) (Mousa Abu Marzook) Mousa Abu Marzook , then the vice-president of Hamas' Political Bureau, explained his party's position in 2011: while Hamas did not recognize Israel as a state, it considered the existence of Israel as "amr waqi" (or fait accompli, meaning something that has happened and cannot be changed).[ 139]    He called this "de facto recognition" of Israel.[ 139]    Likewise, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graham_Usher_(journalist)) (Graham Usher (journalist)) Graham Usher writes that while Hamas does not consider Israel to be legitimate, it has accepted Israel as political reality.[ 140]     In 2017, Hamas once again accepted the 1967 borders in its new charter that "drop[ped] the call for the destruction of Israel from its manifesto".[ 113]    While it did not abrogate the old charter, Hamas leaders explained that "The original charter has now become a historical document and part of an earlier stage in our evolution. It will remain in the movement's bookshelf as a record of our past."[ 113]    Khaled Mashal stated that the new document reflected "our position for now."[ 141]     Tareq Baconi, a former analyst at the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Crisis_Group) (International Crisis Group) International Crisis Group currently at (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Shabaka) (Al-Shabaka) Al-Shabaka think-tank, notes that Hamas has said it would accept mutual recognition of Israel in any consensus peace deal approved by other Palestinian parties and the population in a referendum.[ 122]    To explain why it withholds formal recognition, Baconi argues that Hamas has learned from the fact that, in the 1993 Oslo Accords, the PLO made a "historic concession" in recognizing Israel on 78% of the land of historic Palestine (along the 1967 borders), but was unable to convince Israel to recognize Palestine on the remaining 22% of the land. Having already recognized Israel, the PLO was unable to use recognition to extract any further concessions from Israel, thus according to Baconi the lesson for Hamas was that you can't negotiate from a position of weakness, and the issue of formal recognition of Israel is kept as bargaining chip for negotiations.[ 142]    [ 122]     Some scholars, including Baconi, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilan_Pappé) (Ilan Pappé) Ilan Pappé and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noam_Chomsky) (Noam Chomsky) Noam Chomsky , have argued that Hamas has offered more to the Israelis than Israeli major parties including Likud have offered in return to the Palestinians, both with its de facto recognition of the 1967 borders and its pledge to accept the recognition of Israel in any future peace deal that has the consensus and approval of the Palestinian parties and population.[ 122]    [ 143]    [ 144]    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashid_Khalidi) (Rashid Khalidi) Rashid Khalidi said in November 2023: "It is well-established that Israeli major governing parties like Likud have refused to recognize Palestinian statehood under any conditions, the constant references to "Judea and Samaria", and this has only increased in recent times with the Knesset passing a resolution opposing Palestinian statehood."[ 145]      Evolution of positions   1988–1992 (first charter)  In its early days , Hamas functioned as a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion) (Religion) social-religious (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charitable_organization) (Charitable organization) charity center . Its members armed themselves for (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_nationalism#PLO_until_the_First_Intifada_(1964–1988)) (Palestinian nationalism) the ongoing resistance against the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-Day_War) (Six-Day War) Israeli occupation of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_territories) (Palestinian territories) Palestinian territories , and in August 1988 published their (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1988_Hamas_charter) (1988 Hamas charter) first charter in which Hamas stated that "Israel" should be "eliminated" through a "clash with the enemies", a "struggle against Zionism" and "conflict with Israel".[ 146]    (Location: preamble, art. 14, 15, 32) :  preamble, art. 14, 15, 32   They wrote that 'Palestine', that is (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine) (Mandatory Palestine) all of the territory that belonged to the British Mandate for Palestine (that is, from the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan_River) (Jordan River) Jordan River to the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea) (Mediterranean Sea) Mediterranean Sea ),[ 110]    should be "liberated" from "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zionism) (Zionism) Zionism "[ 146]    (Location: art. 14) :  art. 14   and transformed into an (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam) (Islam) Islamic (Arabic-language romanization) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waqf) (Waqf) Waqf   (Islamic charitable (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_endowment) (Financial endowment) endowment ) in which "followers of all religions can coexist in security and safety".[ 147]    (Location: art. 6, 11) :  art. 6, 11   [ 148]    Practically speaking, Hamas is and was at war with Israel's army (later also attacking Israeli civilians) since the spring of 1989 , initially as part of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Intifada) (First Intifada) First Intifada , a general protest movement that gradually turned more (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riot) (Riot) riotous and violent.   1992–2005  In December 1992, Israeli authorities (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992_deportation_of_Hamas_members) (1992 deportation of Hamas members) deported more than 400 Palestinians, suspected to be members of Hamas to Southern Lebanon.[ 149]    In 1999, the Hamas leadership, in a memorandum to European diplomats, proposed a long-term ceasefire with Israel in return for Israeli withdrawal of military troops and civilian illegal settlements from (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bank) (West Bank) West Bank and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_Strip) (Gaza Strip) Gaza Strip , release of all (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_prisoners) (Palestinian prisoners) Palestinian prisoners , and the right of Palestinian self-determination (see also section Truce proposals ).[ 129]    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheikh) (Sheikh) Sheikh (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed_Yassin) (Ahmed Yassin) Ahmed Yassin , founder of Hamas, who was (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Ahmed_Yassin) (Killing of Ahmed Yassin) assassinated by Israel in 2004, at unreported date has offered Israel a ten-year (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hudna) (Hudna) hudna  (truce, armistice) in return for establishment of a Palestinian state in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bank) (West Bank) West Bank and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_Strip) (Gaza Strip) Gaza . Yassin later added, the hudna could be renewed, even for longer periods, but would never signal a recognition of Israel.[ 48]    (Pages: 221–246) :  221–246    In 2005, Hamas signed the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Cairo_Declaration) (Palestinian Cairo Declaration) Palestinian Cairo Declaration , which confirms "the right of the Palestinian people to resistance in order to end the occupation, establish a Palestinian state with full sovereignty with Jerusalem as its capital" (etc.), aiming to reconcile several Palestinian factions but not describing specific steps or strategies towards Israel.[ 150]       2006–2007: 1967 borders and a truce  In March 2006, after winning an absolute majority in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_Palestinian_legislative_election) (2006 Palestinian legislative election) 2006 Palestinian legislative elections , Hamas published its government program in which Hamas claimed sovereignty for the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_territories) (Palestinian territories) Palestinian territories but did not repeat its claim to all of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine) (Mandatory Palestine) mandatory Palestine , instead declared their willingness to have contacts with Israel "in all mundane affairs: business, trade, health, and labor".[ 151]    The program further stated: "The question of recognizing Israel is not the jurisdiction of one faction, nor the government, but a decision for the Palestinian people."[ 152]    Since then until today, spokesmen of Hamas seem to disagree about their attitudes towards Israel, and debates are running as to whether the original 1988 Hamas charter has since March 2006 become obsolete and irrelevant or on the contrary still spells out Hamas's genuine and ultimate goals (see: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1988_Hamas_charter#Relevance_of_the_charter_to_Hamas'_policy) (1988 Hamas charter) 1988 Hamas charter, § Relevance ). The March 2006 Hamas legislative program was further explained on 6 June 2006 by Hamas' MP Riad Mustafa: "Hamas will never recognize Israel", but if a popular Palestinian referendum would endorse a peace agreement including recognition of Israel, "we would of course accept their verdict".[ 152]     Also on 6 June 2006, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismail_Haniyeh) (Ismail Haniyeh) Ismail Haniyeh , senior political leader of Hamas and at that time Prime Minister of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_government#PNA_governments) (Palestinian government) Palestinian National Authority , sent a letter to US President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W._Bush) (George W. Bush) George W. Bush (via (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Maryland) (University of Maryland) University of Maryland 's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_Segal) (Jerome Segal) Jerome Segal ), stating: "We are so concerned about stability and security in the area that we don't mind having a Palestinian state in the 1967 borders and offering a truce for many years", and asking Bush for a dialogue with the Hamas government. A similar message he sent to Israel's leaders.[ 132]    [ 130]    Haniyeh had reportedly proposed a fifty-year armistice.[ 153]    Neither Washington nor Israel replied.[ 132]    [ 130]    Nuancing (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheikh) (Sheikh) sheikh (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed_Yassin) (Ahmed Yassin) Ahmed Yassin 's statements before 2004 about a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hudna) (Hudna) hudna  (truce) with Israel (see above), Hamas's (former) senior adviser (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed_Yousef) (Ahmed Yousef) Ahmed Yousef has said (at unknown date) that a "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hudna) (Hudna) hudna " (truce, armistice) is more than a ceasefire and "obliges parties to use the period to seek a permanent, non-violent resolution to their differences."[ 128]     On 28 June 2006, Hamas signed the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Prisoners'_Document#Second_version:_"National_Conciliation_Document") (Palestinian Prisoners' Document) second version of (originally) 'the Palestinians' Prisoners Document' which supports the quest for a Palestinian state "on all territories occupied in 1967".[ 42]    [ 154]    [ 155]    This document also recognized the PLO as "the sole legitimate representative of the Palestinian people", and states that "the negotiations" should be conducted by PLO and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_Palestinian_National_Authority) (President of the Palestinian National Authority) President of the Palestinian National Authority and eventual agreements must be ratified by either the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_National_Council) (Palestinian National Council) Palestinian National Council or a general referendum "held in the homeland and the Diaspora". Leila Seurat also notes that this document "implicitly recognized the June 1967 borders, agreed on the construction of a Palestinian state with Jerusalem as a capital and accepted limitations to the resistance in the territories occupied in 1967", and was produced following consultations with the entire Political Bureau.[ 156]     In an August 2006 interview with (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times) (The New York Times) The New York Times  , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismail_Haniyeh) (Ismail Haniyeh) Ismail Haniyeh , senior political leader of Hamas and then Prime Minister of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_government#PNA_governments) (Palestinian government) Palestinian National Authority , said: "We have no problem with a sovereign Palestinian state over all our lands within the 1967 borders, living in calm."[ 157]    In November 2006, Hamas again proposed a temporary but long lasting truce to Israel in exchange for a Palestinian state in the 1967 borders.[ 133]     In February 2007, Hamas signed the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatah–Hamas_Mecca_Agreement) (Fatah–Hamas Mecca Agreement) Fatah–Hamas Mecca Agreement , stressing "the importance of national unity as basis for (...) confronting the occupation" and "activate and reform the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLO) (PLO) PLO ", but without further details about how to confront or deal with Israel.[ 158]    At the time of signing that 2007 agreement, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mousa_Abu_Marzook) (Mousa Abu Marzook) Mousa Abu Marzook , Deputy Chairman of the Hamas Political Bureau , underlined his view of the Hamas position: "I can recognize the presence of Israel as a fait accompli (amr wâqi') or, as the French say, a de facto recognition, but this does not mean that I recognize Israel as a state".[ 159]    More Hamas leaders, through the years, have made similar statements.[ 44]    [ 122]     In June 2007, Hamas (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_Strip#2007:_Hamas_takeover) (Gaza Strip) ousted the Fatah movement from the Gaza Strip, took control there , and since then Hamas occasionally fired rockets from the Gaza Strip on Israel, purportedly to retaliate Israeli aggression against the people of Gaza.[ 160]       2008–2016  In April 2008, former US President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Carter) (Jimmy Carter) Jimmy Carter met with (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khaled_Mashal) (Khaled Mashal) Khaled Mashal , the recognized Hamas leader since 2004. Mashal said to Carter, Hamas would "accept a Palestinian state on the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-Day_War) (Six-Day War) 1967 borders " and accept the right of Israel "to live as a neighbour" if such a deal would be approved by a referendum among the "Palestinians". Nevertheless, Mashal did not offer a unilateral ceasefire (as Carter had suggested him to do). The US State Department showed utter indifference for Mashal's new stance; Israel's Prime Minister (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ehud_Olmert) (Ehud Olmert) Ehud Olmert even refused to meet with Carter in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem) (Jerusalem) Jerusalem , not to mention paying attention to the new Hamas stance.[ 160]     On 19 June 2008, Hamas and Israel agreed to a six-month cease-fire,[ 161]    which Hamas declared finished at 18 December[ 162]    amidst mutual accusations of breaching the agreed conditions.[ 161]     Meanwhile, in November 2008, in a meeting with 11 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe) (Europe) European members of parliaments, Hamas senior official (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismail_Haniyeh) (Ismail Haniyeh) Ismail Haniyeh repeated what he had written in June 2006 to U.S. President George W. Bush but with one extra condition: "the Hamas government had agreed to accept a Palestinian state that followed (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-Day_War) (Six-Day War) the 1967 borders and to offer Israel a long-term (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hudna) (Hudna) hudna  (truce), if Israel recognized the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_right_of_return) (Palestinian right of return) Palestinians' national rights " – a proposal which he said Israel had declined.[ 134]     In September 2009, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismail_Haniyeh) (Ismail Haniyeh) Ismail Haniyeh , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governance_of_the_Gaza_Strip) (Governance of the Gaza Strip) head of the Hamas government in the Gaza Strip , wrote to UN Secretary General (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ban_Ki-moon) (Ban Ki-moon) Ban Ki-moon that Hamas would support any steps leading to a Palestinian state on the 1967 borders: "We would never thwart efforts to create an independent Palestinian state with borders [from] June 4, 1967, with Jerusalem as its capital."[ 163]     In May 2010, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khaled_Mashal) (Khaled Mashal) Khaled Mashal , chairman of the Hamas Political Bureau (thus Hamas' highest leader), again stated that a state "Israel" living next
to "a Palestinian state on the borders of 1967" would be acceptable for Hamas – but only if a referendum among "the Palestinian people" would endorse this arrangement. In November 2010, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismail_Haniyeh) (Ismail Haniyeh) Ismail Haniyeh ,[ d]    also proposed a Palestinian state on 1967 borders, though added three further conditions: "resolution of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_refugees#Palestinian_views) (Palestinian refugees) the issue of refugees ", "the release of Palestinian prisoners", and "Jerusalem as its capital"; and he made the same reservation as Mashal in May 2010 had made, that a Palestinian referendum needed to endorse this arrangement.[ 165]    [ 166]     On 1 December 2010, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismail_Haniyeh) (Ismail Haniyeh) Ismail Haniyeh (senior Hamas leader, see above), in a news conference in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_City) (Gaza City) Gaza , repeated his November 2010 message: "We accept a Palestinian state on the borders of 1967, with Jerusalem as its capital, the release of Palestinian prisoners, and the resolution of the issue of refugees," but only if such arrangement would be endorsed by "a referendum" held among all Palestinians: in Gaza, West Bank, and the diaspora.[ 167]     In May 2011, Hamas and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatah) (Fatah) Fatah signed an agreement in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cairo) (Cairo) Cairo , agreeing to form a ('national unity') government and appoint the Ministers "in consensus between them", but it contained no remarks about how to confront or deal with Israel.[ 168]    In February 2012, Hamas and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatah) (Fatah) Fatah signed the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatah–Hamas_Doha_Agreement) (Fatah–Hamas Doha Agreement) Fatah–Hamas Doha Agreement , agreeing (again) to form an interim national consensus government, which (again) did not materialize. Still in February 2012, according to the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_National_Authority#Two_PNA_administrations) (Palestinian National Authority) Palestinian Authority (either the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatah) (Fatah) Fatah branch in West Bank or the Hamas branch in Gaza), Hamas forswore the use of violence against Israel ("ceasefire", an Israeli news website called it), followed by a few weeks without violence between Hamas and Israel.[ 169]    [ 170]    But violence between Israel and Palestinian militant groups, in the Gaza Strip and southern Israel, also involving Hamas, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza–Israel_conflict#Operation_"Returning_Echo") (Gaza–Israel conflict) would soon resume .   2017–6 Oct 2023 (new charter)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   See also: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Hamas_charter) (2017 Hamas charter) 2017 Hamas charter  On 1 May 2017, after much internal discussion, Hamas and its Hamas Political Bureau chief (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khaled_Mashal) (Khaled Mashal) Khaled Mashal published "A Document of General Principles and Policies", also known as the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Hamas_charter) (2017 Hamas charter) 2017 Hamas charter . In the new charter Hamas accepts a Palestinian state in the 1967 borders, without recognizing Israel.[ 171]    [ 172]    When asked, Hamas leaders explained that "The original charter has now become a historical document and part of an earlier stage in our evolution. It will remain in the movement's bookshelf as a record of our past."(./Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements)  (./Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_May_2025)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed) (Wikipedia:Citation needed) (This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2025)) citation needed   ]  Khaled Mashal stated that the new document reflected "our position for now."[ 141]    However, Hamas fell short of formally repudiating the original 1988 charter.[ 173]    [ 174]    According to some analysts Hamas did not formally revoke the old charter so as to not alienate some of its base members, who it feared might join rival Islamist factions.[ 174]     Around 2018, a Hamas finance minister has suggested that a "long-term ceasefire as understood by Hamas [(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hudna) (Hudna) hudna  ] and a two-state settlement are the same".[ 50]    In 2021 Hamas organized and financed a conference among 250 Gaza citizens about the future management of the State of Palestine following the takeover of Israel which was predicted to come soon. According to the conclusions of the conference, the Jewish Israeli fighters would be killed, while the peaceful individuals could be integrated or be allowed to leave. At the same time the highly skilled and educated would be prevented from leaving.[ 175]    [ 176]    In 2020 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismail_Haniyeh) (Ismail Haniyeh) Ismail Haniyeh said in an interview that one of the principles of Hamas was "Palestine (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/From_the_sea_to_the_river) (From the sea to the river) from the sea to the river ."[ 177]    In 2022, Yahya Sinwar cautioned Israelis that Hamas would one day "march through your walls to uproot your regime."[ 178]       7 Oct 2023–present  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:October_2023_Gaza−Israel_conflict_(7–_8_October).svg)   Approximate presence of Hamas militants (blue) on 7–9 October 2023  In the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_7_attacks) (October 7 attacks) October 7 attacks , Hamas and associates murdered 767 civilians, killed a further 376 security personnel of the state of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel) (Israel) Israel and abducted 251 people from Israel to the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_Strip) (Gaza Strip) Gaza Strip .[ 179]    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_war) (Gaza war) Israel retaliated with warfare in the Gaza Strip , aiming at Hamas militants but also harming much civilian infrastructure and directly killing tens of thousands of civilians, more than 80 percent of casualties.[ 180]    A number of conflicting statements since then were made by Hamas senior leaders regarding the Hamas policy towards Israel. On 24 October, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghazi_Hamad) (Ghazi Hamad) Ghazi Hamad —member of the decision-making Hamas Political Bureau [ 181]    —explained the 7 October attack: "Israel is a country that has no place on our land. We must remove that country because it constitutes a security, military and political catastrophe to the Arab and Islamic nation". "We are called a nation of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahid) (Shahid) martyrs and we are proud to sacrifice martyrs". Hamad called the creation of the Jewish state "illogical": "(...) We are the victims of the occupation. Therefore, nobody should blame us for the things we do".[ 182]    [ 183]     On 1 November 2023, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismail_Haniyeh) (Ismail Haniyeh) Ismail Haniyeh , then incumbent highest Hamas leader (but (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismail_Haniyeh#assassination) (Ismail Haniyeh) assassinated by Israel 31 July 2024 ), stated that if Israel agreed to a ceasefire in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_war) (Gaza war) Gaza war , if humanitarian corridors would be opened, and aid would be allowed into Gaza,
Hamas would be "ready for political negotiations for a two-state solution with (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem) (Jerusalem) Jerusalem as the capital of Palestine". Haniyeh also praised the support of movements in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen) (Yemen) Yemen , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq) (Iraq) Iraq , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria) (Syria) Syria and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon) (Lebanon) Lebanon for the Palestinian struggle.[ 184]     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:An_aerial_view_showing_destruction_in_Rafah_after_Israeli_forces_withdrawal_and_as_the_ceasefire_took_hold,_Gaza_Strip.jpg)   Ruins of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafah) (Rafah) Rafah in January 2025 after Israel's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafah_offensive) (Rafah offensive) Rafah offensive   In January 2024 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khaled_Mashal) (Khaled Mashal) Khaled Mashal , a former Hamas leader, slighted "The West" and "the two-state solution", saying "The 1967 borders represent 21% of Palestine, which is practically one fifth of its land, so this cannot be accepted", and adding that "our right in Palestine from the sea to the river" cannot be waived.[ 185]    However, he reiterated that Hamas "accepts a state on the 1967 borders with Jerusalem as its capital, with complete independence and with the right of return without recognising the legitimacy of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zionist_entity) (Zionist entity) Zionist entity ."[ 185]     Hamas Member of Parliament (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khalil_al-Hayya) (Khalil al-Hayya) Khalil al-Hayya , also deputy chairman of the Hamas Political Bureau, told the Associated Press in April 2024 that Hamas is willing to agree to a truce of five years or more with Israel and that it would lay down its weapons and convert into a political party if an independent Palestinian state is established along pre-1967 borders.[ 186]    The (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated_Press) (Associated Press) Associated Press considered this a "significant concession", but presumed that (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel) (Israel) Israel would not even want to consider this scenario following the October 2023 attack.[ 186]      Reactions  The vision that Hamas articulated in its (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1988_Hamas_charter) (1988 Hamas charter) original 1988 charter resembles the vision of certain Zionist groups regarding the same territory, as noted by several authors.[ 166]    [ 187]    [ 188]    This may suggest that Hamas's views were inspired by those Zionist perspectives.[ 189]    [ 190]     Several (other) authors have interpreted the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1988_Hamas_charter) (1988 Hamas charter) 1988 Hamas charter as a call for "armed struggle against Israel".[ 110]     In 2009, Taghreed El-khodary and Ethan Bronner, writing in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Times) (New York Times) New York Times , said that Hamas' position is that it doesn't recognize Israel's right to exist, but is willing to accept as a compromise a Palestinian state based on the 1967 borders.[ 191]     Writing for Middle Eastern Studies , Imad Alsoos says that Hamas has both a short and long-term objective: "The short-term objective aims to establish a Palestinian state in Gaza and the West Bank, while the long-term objective still strives to liberate Mandate Palestine in its entirety.[ 51]    (Pages: 837, 839) :  837, 839   Establishing a Palestinian state in the West Bank and Gaza (as part of a hudna deal) would be Hamas's interim solution, during which Israel would not be recognized.[ 51]    (Pages: 837, 839) :  837, 839   [ 192]     In mid-2006, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Maryland) (University of Maryland) University of Maryland 's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerome_Segal) (Jerome Segal) Jerome Segal suggested that a Palestinian state within the 1967 borders and a truce for many years could be considered Hamas's de facto recognition of Israel.[ 132]     Journalist (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaki_Chehab) (Zaki Chehab) Zaki Chehab wrote in 2007 that Hamas's public concessions following the 2006 elections were "window-dressing" and that the organisation would never recognize Israel's right to exist.[ 193]     As to the question whether Hamas would be capable to enter into a long-term non-aggression treaty with Israel without being disloyal to their understanding of Islamic law and God's word, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Atlantic) (The Atlantic) The Atlantic  magazine columnist (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffrey_Goldberg) (Jeffrey Goldberg) Jeffrey Goldberg in January 2009 stated: "I tend to think not, though I've noticed over the years a certain plasticity of belief among some Hamas ideologues. Also, this is the Middle East, so anything is possible".[ 194]     Professor (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_Ayoob) (Mohammed Ayoob) Mohammed Ayoob in his 2020 book, while discussing the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Hamas_charter) (2017 Hamas charter) 2017 Hamas charter , stated that "acceptance of the 1967 borders can be interpreted as a de facto acceptance of the preconditions for a two-state solution".[ 195]        Religious policy  Gaza Strip  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main articles: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamism_in_the_Gaza_Strip) (Islamism in the Gaza Strip) Islamism in the Gaza Strip , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamist_anti-Hamas_groups_in_the_Gaza_Strip) (Islamist anti-Hamas groups in the Gaza Strip) Islamist anti-Hamas groups in the Gaza Strip , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamila_Abdallah_Taha_al-Shanti) (Jamila Abdallah Taha al-Shanti) Jamila Abdallah Taha al-Shanti , and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Christians) (Palestinian Christians) Palestinian Christians  Hamas' Change and Reform (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral_list) (Electoral list) electoral list for the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_Palestinian_legislative_election) (2006 Palestinian legislative election) 2006 Palestinian legislative election included a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Christian) (Palestinian Christian) Palestinian Christian candidate, Hosam al-Taweel, running as an independent for the Christian (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reserved_political_positions) (Reserved political positions) reserved seat in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_City) (Gaza City) Gaza City .[ e]    [ 197]    [ 198]    [ 199]    Hosam al-Taweel won the seat, one of six seats reserved for Palestine's Christian minority, with the highest winning vote of the six elected, due to the endorsement of Hamas and other nationalist groups.[ 200]     The gender ideology outlined in the Hamas charter, the importance of women in the religious-nationalist project of liberation is asserted as no lesser than that of males. Their role was defined primarily as one of manufacturing males and caring for their upbringing and rearing, though the charter recognized they could fight for liberation without obtaining their husband's permission and in 2002 their participation in jihad was permitted.[ 201]    The doctrinal emphasis on childbearing and rearing as woman's primary duty is not so different from Fatah's view of women in the First Intifada and it also resembles the outlook of Jewish settlers, and over time it has been subjected to change.[ 202]    A few were worried about imposition of Islamic dress codes, but most Christians in the Gaza Strip said these worries were baseless and they were not worried about the Hamas government.[ 200]     In 1989, during the First Intifada, a few Hamas followers[ 202]    campaigned for (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygamy) (Polygamy) polygamy , and insisted women stay at home and be segregated from men. In the course of this campaign, women who chose not to wear the hijab were verbally and physically harassed, with the result that the hijab was being worn 'just to avoid problems on the streets'.[ 203]    The harassment dropped drastically when, after 18 months, the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_National_Leadership_of_the_Uprising) (Unified National Leadership of the Uprising) Unified National Leadership of the Uprising (UNLU) condemned it.[ 204]    Polygamy is practised in some (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedouin) (Bedouin) Bedouin communities in Israel, and some Palestinians with Israeli citizenship, particularly in the Negev desert (Arabic pronunciation: Naqab) surrounding the Gaza Strip.[ 205]    [ 206]    [ 207]    [ 208]    [ 209]     Since Hamas took control of the Gaza Strip in 2007, some of its members have attempted to impose Islamic dress or the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hijab) (Hijab) hijab head covering on women.[ 191]    The government's "Islamic Endowment Ministry" has deployed Virtue Committee members to warn citizens of the dangers of immodest dress, card playing, and dating.[ 210]    There are no government laws imposing dress and other moral standards, and the Hamas education ministry reversed one effort to impose Islamic dress on students.[ 191]    There has also been successful resistance to attempts by local Hamas officials to impose Islamic dress on women.[ 211]    Hamas officials deny having any plans to impose Islamic law, one legislator stating that "What you are seeing are incidents, not policy," and that Islamic law is the desired standard "but we believe in persuasion".[ 210]     In 2013, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNRWA) (UNRWA) UNRWA canceled its annual marathon in Gaza after Hamas prohibited women from participating in the race.[ 212]    [ 213]      In the West Bank  In 2005, the human rights organization (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freemuse?action=edit&redlink=1) (Freemuse (page does not exist)) Freemuse released a report titled "Palestine: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taliban) (Taliban) Taliban -like attempts to censor music", which said that (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Palestine) (Music of Palestine) Palestinian musicians feared that harsh religious laws against music and concerts will be imposed since Hamas group scored political gains in the Palestinian Authority local elections of 2005.[ 214]     The attempt by Hamas to dictate a cultural code of conduct in the 1980s and early 1990s led to a violent fighting between different Palestinian sectors. Hamas members reportedly burned down stores that stocked videos they deemed indecent and destroyed books they described as "heretical".[ 215]     In 2005, an outdoor music-and-dance performance in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qalqiliya) (Qalqiliya) Qalqiliya was suddenly banned by the Hamas-led municipality, for the reason that such an event would be "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haram) (Haram) haram ", i.e. forbidden by Islam.[ 216]    The municipality also ordered that music no longer be played in the Qalqiliya zoo, and mufti Akrameh Sabri issued a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatwa) (Fatwa) religious edict affirming the municipality decision.[ 215]    In response, the Palestinian national poet (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmoud_Darwish) (Mahmoud Darwish) Mahmoud Darwish warned that "There are Taliban-type elements in our society, and this is a very dangerous sign."[ 214]    [ 217]    [ 218]     The Palestinian columnist Mohammed Abd Al-Hamid, a resident of Ramallah, wrote that this religious coercion could cause the migration of artists, and said "The religious fanatics in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algeria) (Algeria) Algeria destroyed every cultural symbol, shattered statues and rare works of art and liquidated intellectuals and artists, reporters and authors, ballet dancers and singers—are we going to imitate the Algerian and Afghani examples?"[ 215]       Erdoğan's Turkey as a role model  Some Hamas members have stated that the model of Islamic government that Hamas seeks to emulate is that of Turkey under the rule of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan) Recep Tayyip Erdoğan . The foremost members to distance Hamas from the practices of the Taliban and to publicly support the Erdoğan model were (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed_Yousef) (Ahmed Yousef) Ahmed Yousef and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghazi_Hamad) (Ghazi Hamad) Ghazi Hamad , advisers to Prime Minister Hanieh.[ 219]    [ 220]    Yusuf, the Hamas deputy foreign minister, reflected this goal in an interview with a Turkish newspaper, stating that while foreign public opinion equates Hamas with the Taliban or (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qaeda) (Al-Qaeda) al-Qaeda , the analogy is inaccurate. Yusuf described the Taliban as "opposed to everything", including education and women's rights, while Hamas wants to establish good relations between the religious and secular elements of society and strives for human rights, democracy and an open society.[ 221]    According to professor (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yezid_Sayigh) (Yezid Sayigh) Yezid Sayigh of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King's_College_London) (King's College London) King's College in London, how influential this view is within Hamas is uncertain, since both Ahmad Yousef and Ghazi Hamad were dismissed from their posts as advisers to Hamas Prime Minister (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismail_Hanieh) (Ismail Hanieh) Ismail Hanieh in October 2007.[ 219]    Both have since been appointed to other prominent positions within the Hamas government. Khaled al-Hroub of the West Bank-based and anti-Hamas[ 222]    Palestinian daily Al Ayyam added that despite claims by Hamas leaders that it wants to repeat the Turkish model of Islam, "what is happening on the ground in reality is a replica of the Taliban model of Islam."[ 223]    [ 224]    (./Category:All_articles_lacking_reliable_references)  (./Category:Articles_lacking_reliable_references_from_July_2025)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability) (Wikipedia:Verifiability) (Verification of this source citation failed to find it supporting or even relevant to the material that cites it (July 2025)) irrelevant citation   ]     Charter and policy documents  1988 charter  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1988_Hamas_charter) (1988 Hamas charter) 1988 Hamas charter  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   See also: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calls_for_the_destruction_of_Israel) (Calls for the destruction of Israel) Calls for the destruction of Israel  Hamas published its charter in August 1988, wherein it defined itself as a chapter of the Muslim Brotherhood and its desire to establish "an Islamic state throughout Palestine".[ 225]    The foundational document was written by a single individual, an "old guard" member of the Muslim Brotherhood in Gaza isolated from the outside world, and it was made public without going through the usual prior consultation, revision or consensus process, which Hamas leaders regretted in later years.[ 226]    It was then signed on 18 August 1988. It (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparisons_between_Israel_and_Nazi_Germany) (Comparisons between Israel and Nazi Germany) compares (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_war_crimes) (Israeli war crimes) Israeli attacks on civilians to that by Nazi Germany.[ 227]    The charter also claims all of historical Palestine[ 228]    [ 229]    [ 230]    [ 231]    [ 232]    [ 233]    (./Category:Citation_overkill)  (./Category:Articles_tagged_with_the_inline_citation_overkill_template_from_April_2025)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources#Bundling_citations) (Wikipedia:Citing sources) (I'm not sure what the context is for including all of these citations, so this could be a superfluous (ironically) tag... could also be bundled. (April 2025)) excessive citations   ]  but promises religious coexistence under Islam's rule.[ 234]    [ 235]    Article 6 states that the movement's aim is to "raise the banner of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allah) (Allah) Allah over every inch of Palestine, for under the wing of Islam followers of all religions can coexist in security and safety where their lives, possessions and rights are concerned".[ 147]    [ 236]    The charter rejects a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-state_solution) (Two-state solution) two-state solution , stating that (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_Palestinian_conflict) (Israeli Palestinian conflict) the conflict cannot be resolved "except through (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jihad) (Jihad) jihad ". Many scholars have pointed out that both the 1988 Hamas's charter and the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Likud) (Likud) Likud party platform sought full control of the land, thus denouncing the two-state solution.[ 123]    [ 124]    [ 125]      2017 charter  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Hamas_charter) (2017 Hamas charter) 2017 Hamas charter  In May 2017, Hamas published a document titled "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Document_of_General_Principles_and_Policies) (A Document of General Principles and Policies) A Document of General Principles and Policies ". While this policy document was much shorter than the 1988 charter, and Hamas leaders stated that it did not replace the 1988 charter,[ 173]    (./Category:All_self-contradictory_articles)  (./Category:Self-contradictory_articles_from_July_2025)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:All_self-contradictory_articles) (Category:All self-contradictory articles) (This conflicts with the more nuanced analysis found in the other article; the old charter has not been formally revoked, but has factually been replaced (July 2025)) contradictory   ]  it covers some of the same topics and is referred to as the "2017 charter".[ 58]    It accepted a Palestinian state in the 1967 borders, without recognizing Israel , which is seen by many as being consistent with a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-state_solution) (Two-state solution) two-state solution ,[ 237]    [ 50]    while others state that Hamas retains the long-term objective of establishing one state in former (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine) (Mandatory Palestine) Mandatory Palestine .[ 51]    (Pages: 837, 839) :  837, 839   The charter also argued that armed resistance to occupation is supported by international law.[ 58]    [ 238]    [ 51]    (Pages: 837, 839) :  837, 839   [ 239]    Hamas has described these changes as adaptation within a specific context, as opposed to abandonment of its principles.[ 240]     While the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1988_Hamas_charter) (1988 Hamas charter) 1988 Hamas charter was widely described as (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antisemitic) (Antisemitic) antisemitic ,[ 52]    Hamas's 2017 charter removed the antisemitic language and said Hamas's struggle was with (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zionists) (Zionists) Zionists , not Jews.[ 54]    [ 55]    [ 56]    [ 57]    Some sources maintain its condemnation of Zionists is antisemitic:[ 241]    [ 56]    it describes Zionism as the enemy of all Muslims and a danger to international security, what author J.S. Spoerl in 2020 has disqualified as "hardly (...) a serious repudiation of anti-Semitism".[ 59]    Hroub, though not responding directly, disagrees, writing that the 2017 document shows that Hamas is stressing the nationalist/resistance aspects of its purpose, providing a "clear assertion of the right to a national liberation struggle on the basis of international law."[ 58]    Similarly, scholar Joas Wagemakers argues that the 2017 charter clearly omits all antisemitic elements and instead takes a nationalist viewpoint.[ 242]    Scholar Leïla Seurat and analyst Tareq Baconi also stress that the charter broadens the movement's tactics by restricting the primacy of armed struggle and complementing it with peaceful forms of resistance.[ 54]    [ 243]       Organization  Leadership and structure  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_leaders_of_Hamas) (List of leaders of Hamas) List of leaders of Hamas  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hamasleadership.png)   Map of key Hamas leadership nodes. 2010.   Hamas inherited from its predecessor a tripartite structure under a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shura_Council) (Shura Council) Shura Council : social services; religious training; military operations. Traditionally it had four distinct functions: (a) a charitable social welfare division (dawah ); (b) a military division for procuring weapons and undertaking operations (al-Mujahideen al Filastinun ); (c) a security service (Jehaz Aman ); and (d) a media branch (A'alam ).[ 244]    Hamas has both an internal leadership within the West Bank and the Gaza Strip, and an external leadership, split between a Gaza group directed by (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mousa_Abu_Marzook) (Mousa Abu Marzook) Mousa Abu Marzook from his exile first in Damascus and then in Egypt, and a Kuwaiti group (Kuwaidia ) under (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khaled_Mashal) (Khaled Mashal) Khaled Mashal .[ 245]    [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items) (Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers) (This information is in need of an update. (September 2024)) needs update   ]   (./Category:Wikipedia_articles_in_need_of_updating_from_September_2024)  (./Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_in_need_of_updating)  The Kuwaiti group of Palestinian exiles began to receive extensive funding from the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_states_of_the_Persian_Gulf) (Arab states of the Persian Gulf) Gulf States after its leader Mashal broke with (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat) (Yasser Arafat) Yasser Arafat 's decision to side with (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hussein) (Saddam Hussein) Saddam Hussein in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasion_of_Kuwait) (Invasion of Kuwait) Invasion of Kuwait , with Mashal insisting that Iraq withdraw.[ 246]    On 6 May 2017, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majlis_al-Shura) (Majlis al-Shura) Hamas' Shura Council chose (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismail_Haniyeh) (Ismail Haniyeh) Ismail Haniyeh to become the new leader, to replace Mashal.[ 247]     The exact structure of the organization is unclear as it is shrouded in a veil of secrecy in order to conceal operational activities. Formally, Hamas maintains the wings are separate and independent, but this has been questioned. It has been argued that its wings are both separate and combined for reasons of internal and external political necessity. Communication between the political and military wings of Hamas is made difficult by the thoroughness of Israeli intelligence surveillance and the existence of an extensive base of informants. After the assassination of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdel_Aziz_al-Rantisi) (Abdel Aziz al-Rantisi) Abdel Aziz al-Rantisi the political direction of the militant wing was diminished and field commanders were given wider discretion over operations.[ 248]      Shura Council and Political Bureau  Hamas's overarching governing body is the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majlis_al-Shura) (Majlis al-Shura) Majlis al-Shura (Shura Council), based on the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quran) (Quran) Quranic concept of consultation and popular assembly ((Arabic-language romanization) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shura) (Shura) shura   ), which Hamas leaders argue provides for democracy within an Islamic framework.[ 249]    As the organization grew more complex and Israeli pressure increased, the Shura Council was renamed the General Consultative Council, with members elected from local council groups. The council elects the 15-member Political Bureau (al-Maktab al-Siyasi )[ 250]    that makes decisions for Hamas. Representatives come from Gaza, the West Bank, leaders in exile and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_prisoners_in_Israel#Administrative_detention) (Palestinian prisoners in Israel) Israeli prisons .[ 251]    The Political Bureau was based in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascus) (Damascus) Damascus until January 2012, when Hamas's support for the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_opposition_to_Bashar_al-Assad) (Syrian opposition to Bashar al-Assad) Syrian opposition to Bashar al-Assad during the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_civil_war) (Syrian civil war) Syrian civil war led to the office's relocation to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qatar) (Qatar) Qatar .[ 251]    [ 252]       Finances and funding  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   See also: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blockade_of_the_Gaza_Strip) (Blockade of the Gaza Strip) Blockade of the Gaza Strip , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_support_for_Hamas) (Iranian support for Hamas) Iranian support for Hamas , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_support_for_Hamas) (Israeli support for Hamas) Israeli support for Hamas , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxation_in_Palestine) (Taxation in Palestine) Taxation in Palestine , and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatah–Hamas_reconciliation_process) (Fatah–Hamas reconciliation process) Fatah–Hamas reconciliation process  As of 2023 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hamas&action=edit) [ update]    (./Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2023)  (./Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements)  , half of Hamas funding came from transfers from the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Authority) (Palestinian Authority) Palestinian Authority . Other sources include taxes in Gaza, transfers from Qatar, Iran and charities.[ 253]    Hamas assumed the administration of Gaza's (Arabic-language romanization) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waqf) (Waqf) waqf   properties, endowments which extend over 10% of real estate in Gaza, with 2,000 acres of agricultural land held in religious trusts, together with shops, rentable apartments and public buildings.[ 254]    As of 2023 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hamas&action=edit) [ update]    (./Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2023)  (./Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements)  Hamas has an investment portfolio worth US$0.5-$1 billion, including assets in Sudan, Turkey, Saudi Arabia, Algeria and the UAE.[ 255]    Hamas has denied this.[ 256]    In 2024, financial activity in Gaza was carried out via money changers to bypass international financial authorities.[ 257]    The (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Council) (European Council) European Council added six people to its sanctions list for helping fund Hamas, including an (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps) (Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps) Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps official. Three businesses were added, including companies in Spain and Sudan that functioned as fronts.[ 258]    [ 259]     In the first five years of the 1st Intifada, the Gaza economy, 50% of which depended on external sources of income, plummeted by 40% as Israel closed its labor market, and remittances from the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_diaspora) (Palestinian diaspora) Palestinian expatriates in Gulf countries dried up following the 1991–92 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_War) (Gulf War) Gulf War .[ 260]    At the 1993 Philadelphia conference, Hamas leaders' statements indicated that they read (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_H._W._Bush) (George H. W. Bush) George H. W. Bush 's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_world_order_(politics)) (New world order (politics)) New World Order as embodying a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_World_Order_(conspiracy_theory)) (New World Order (conspiracy theory)) tacit aim to destroy Islam, and therefore funding should focus on enhancing the Islamic roots of Palestinian society and promoting jihad, which also means zeal for social justice, in the occupied territories.[ 261]    Hamas became fastidious about maintaining separate resourcing for its military, political and social services branches.[ 262]    It has a holding company in East Jerusalem (Beit al-Mal ), a 20% stake in Al Aqsa International Bank which served as its financial arm, the Sunuqrut Global Group and the al-Ajouli money-changing firm.[ 263]     By 2011, Hamas's budget, US$70 million, derived 85% from foreign, rather than Palestinian sources.[ 263]    Only two Israeli-Palestinian sources figure in a list seized in 2004, while other contributors were donor bodies located in Jordan, Qatar, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Britain, Germany, the US, UAE, Italy and France. Much of the money comes from sources that direct their assistance to what Hamas describes as its charitable work for Palestinians, but investments in support of its ideological position are also relevant, with Gulf States and Saudi Arabia prominent in the latter. Hamas taps money from corporations, criminal organizations and financial networks that support terror.[ 264]    It is alleged it engages in cigarette and drug smuggling, multimedia copyright infringement and credit card fraud.[ 263]    The US, Israel and the EU have shut down charities and organs that channel money to Hamas, such as the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Land_Foundation_for_Relief_and_Development) (Holy Land Foundation for Relief and Development) Holy Land Foundation for Relief and Development .[ 265]    [ 266]     About half of Hamas's funding came from Persian Gulf states up to the mid-2000s. Saudi Arabia supplied half the Hamas budget in the early 2000s,[ 267]    but, under US pressure, cut its funding by cracking down on Islamic charities and private donor transfers in 2004,[ 268]    which by 2006 drastically reduced the flow. Iran and Syria, in the aftermath of Hamas's 2006 electoral victory, stepped in to fill the shortfall.[ 269]    [ 270]    Saudi funding remained supportive of Hamas as a Sunni group but chose to provide more assistance to the PNA, the electoral loser, when the EU responded to the outcome by suspending its aid.[ 271]    During the 1980s, Iran provided 10% of Hamas's funding.[ 267]    It accounted for $22 million, over a quarter of Hamas's budget, by the late 2000s.[ 268]    Iran preferred direct financing to operative groups rather than charities, requiring video proof of attacks.[ 268]    [ 272]    Much of Iran's funding is channeled through (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbollah) (Hezbollah) Hezbollah .[ 268]    After 2006, Iran's willingness to fill the gap created by the drying up of Saudi funding also reflected the geopolitical tensions between the two, since, though Shiite, Iran was supporting a Sunni group closely linked with the Saudi kingdom.[ 273]    The US imposed sanctions on Iran's Bank Saderat, alleging it had funneled hundreds of millions to Hamas.[ 274]    The US has expressed concerns that Hamas obtains funds through Palestinian and Lebanese sympathizers of Arab descent in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foz_do_Iguaçu) (Foz do Iguaçu) Foz do Iguaçu area of Latin America, an area associated with arms trading, drug trafficking, contraband, the manufacture of counterfeit goods, money-laundering and currency fraud. Confirmatory information of Hamas operational presence there is lacking.[ 275]     After 2009, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanctions_on_Iran) (Sanctions on Iran) sanctions on Iran made funding difficult, forcing Hamas to rely on religious donations in the West Bank, Qatar, and Saudi Arabia. Tens of millions of dollars raised in the Gulf states were transferred through the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafah_Border_Crossing) (Rafah Border Crossing) Rafah Border Crossing . These were insufficient to cover the cost of governing the Strip and running the al-Qassam Brigades, and when tensions arose with Iran over support of Assad in Syria, Iran dropped its financial assistance to the government, restricting its funding to the military wing, which meant a drop from $150 million in 2012 to $60 million the following year. A further drop occurred in 2015 when Hamas criticised Iran's role in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemeni_Civil_War_(2015–present)) (Yemeni Civil War (2015–present)) Yemeni Civil War .[ 276]     In 2017, the PA government imposed sanctions against Gaza, including cutting off salaries to PA employees. The PA said it would not pay for the electricity and fuel that Israel supplies to the Gaza Strip, but backtracked.[ 277]    The Israeli government has allowed millions of dollars from Qatar to be funneled through Israel to Hamas, to replace the millions of dollars the PA had stopped transferring to Hamas. Israeli Prime Minister (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu) (Benjamin Netanyahu) Benjamin Netanyahu explained that letting it go through Israel meant it could not be used for terrorism: "Now that we are supervising, we know it's going to humanitarian causes."[ 278]      Social services wing  Hamas developed its social welfare programme by replicating the model established by Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood. For Hamas, charity and the development of one's community are both prescribed by religion and to be understood as forms of resistance.[ 279]    In Islamic tradition, (Arabic-language romanization) dawah  ((literal translation) lit. transl.  "the call to God" ) obliges the faithful to reach out to others by both proselytising and by charitable works, and typically the latter center on the mosques which make use of both (Arabic-language romanization) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waqf) (Waqf) waqf   endowment resources and charitable donations to fund grassroots services such as nurseries, schools, orphanages, soup kitchens, women's activities, library services and even sporting clubs within a larger context of preaching and political discussions.[ 280]    In the 1990s, some 85% of its budget was allocated to the provision of social services.[ 281]    Hamas has been called perhaps the most significant social services actor in Palestine. By 2000, Hamas or its affiliated charities ran roughly 40% of the social institutions in the West Bank and Gaza and, with other Islamic charities, by 2005, was supporting 120,000 individuals with monthly financial support in Gaza.[ 282]    Part of the appeal of these institutions is that they fill a vacuum in the administration by the PLO of the Palestinian territories, which had failed to cater to the demand for jobs and broad social services, and is widely viewed as corrupt.[ 283]    As late as 2005, the budget of Hamas, drawing on global charity contributions, was mostly tied up in covering running expenses for its social programmes, which extended from the supply of housing, food and water for the needy to more general functions such as financial aid, medical assistance, educational development and religious instruction. A certain accounting flexibility allowed these funds to cover both charitable causes and military operations, permitting transfer from one to the other.[ 284]     The (Arabic-language romanization) dawah  infrastructure itself was understood, within the Palestinian context, as providing the soil from which a militant opposition to the occupation would flower.[ f]    In this regard it differs from the rival (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Islamic_Jihad) (Palestinian Islamic Jihad) Palestinian Islamic Jihad which focuses less on its social welfare network, and relies on spectacular attacks to recruit adherents.[ 286]    In 2007, through funding from Iran, Hamas managed to allocate at a cost of $60 million, monthly stipends of $100 for 100,000 workers, and a similar sum for 3,000 fishermen (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blockade_of_the_Gaza_Strip#Effect_on_the_fishing_industry) (Blockade of the Gaza Strip) laid idle by Israel's blockade , plus grants totalling $45 million to detainees and their families.[ 287]    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Levitt) (Matthew Levitt) Matthew Levitt argues that Hamas grants to people are subject to a rigorous cost-benefit analysis of how beneficiaries will support Hamas, with those linked to militant activities receiving more than others.[ 288]    Israel holds the families of suicide bombers accountable and bulldozes their homes, whereas the families of Hamas activists who have been killed or wounded during militant operations are given an initial, one-time grant varying between $500–$5,000, together with a $100 monthly allowance. Rent assistance is also given to families whose homes have been destroyed by Israeli bombing though families unaffiliated with Hamas are said to receive less.[ 289]    [ 290]     Until 2007, these activities extended to the West Bank, but, after a PLO crackdown, now continue exclusively in the Gaza Strip.[ 291]    After the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_Egyptian_coup_d'état) (2013 Egyptian coup d'état) 2013 Egyptian coup d'état deposed the elected Muslim Brotherhood government of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed_Morsi) (Mohamed Morsi) Mohamed Morsi in 2013, Hamas found itself in a financial straitjacket and has since endeavoured to throw the burden of responsibility for public works infrastructure in the Gaza Strip back onto the Palestinian National Authority, but without success.[ 292]      Media  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   See also: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_coverage_of_the_Israeli–Palestinian_conflict) (Media coverage of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict) Media coverage of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_diplomacy_of_Israel) (Public diplomacy of Israel) Public diplomacy of Israel , and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_propaganda) (Palestinian propaganda) Palestinian propaganda  Al-Aqsa TV  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Aqsa_TV) (Al-Aqsa TV) Al-Aqsa TV  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   See also: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shehab_News_Agency) (Shehab News Agency) Shehab News Agency and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomorrow's_Pioneers) (Tomorrow's Pioneers) Tomorrow's Pioneers  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Aqsa_TV) (Al-Aqsa TV) Al-Aqsa TV is a television channel founded by Hamas.[ 293]    The station began broadcasting in the Gaza Strip on 9 January 2006,[ 294]    [ 295]    less than three weeks before the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_Palestinian_legislative_election) (2006 Palestinian legislative election) Palestinian legislative elections . It has shown television programs, including some children's television, which deliver antisemitic messages.[ 296]    Hamas has stated that the television station is "an independent media institution that often does not express the views of the Palestinian government headed by Ismail Haniyeh or of the Hamas movement", and that Hamas does not hold antisemitic views.[ 297]    The programming includes ideologically tinged children's shows, news talk, and religiously inspired entertainment.[ 298]    According to the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Defamation_League) (Anti-Defamation League) Anti-Defamation League , the station promotes terrorist activity and incites hatred of Jews and Israelis.[ 295]    Al-Aqsa TV is headed by the controversial (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fathi_Ahmad_Hamad) (Fathi Ahmad Hamad) Fathi Ahmad Hamad , chairman of al-Ribat Communications and Artistic Productions—a Hamas-run company that also produces Hamas's radio station, Voice of al-Aqsa , and its biweekly newspaper, The Message .[ 299]    Hamad has made a number of controversial comments, including a speech in which he reportedly stated: "you have Jews everywhere and we must attack every Jew on the globe by way of slaughter and killing."[ 300]      Al-Fateh magazine  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Fateh) (Al-Fateh) Al-Fateh  Al-Fateh ("the conqueror") was a Hamas children's magazine, published biweekly in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London) (London) London , and posted online.[ 301]    [ 302]    It began publication in September 2002, and its 108th issue was released in September 2007. The magazine featured stories, poems, riddles, and puzzles, and stated it is for "the young builders of the future".[ 303]     The magazine had been accused of antisemitism, with the magazine repeatedly calling Jews things such as: "the most despicable of God’s creatures", "the lowest of the human race", "like a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer) (Cancer) cancer which has to be gotten rid of". The magazine also holds an anti-western and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revanchism) (Revanchism) revanchist position, claiming that because of its morally justified cause the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_world) (Islamic world) muslim world will triumph over the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_world) (Western world) western world and that the western world will collapse.[ 304]      Social media  Hamas has traditionally presented itself as a voice of suffering of the Palestinian people. According to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_(magazine)) (Time (magazine)) Time  magazine, a new social media strategy was employed in the wake of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_7_attacks) (October 7 attacks) October 7 attacks : Hamas asserted itself as the dominant militant force in the Middle East by recording and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcasting) (Broadcasting) broadcasting the brutality of their attacks.[ 305]     In June 2015, Hamas launched an English-language version of its official website.[ 306]    Hamas' official website at hamas.ps was active as of September 2023, though it has since been taken offline.[ 307]    In November 2023, Israeli social media accounts shared hamas.com, a website with videos and pictures of the October 7 attacks released by the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces) (Israel Defense Forces) IDF that was claimed to be created by Hamas.[ 308]    Fact-checking website (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misbar) (Misbar) Misbar reported that Hamas had confirmed on (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegram_(software)) (Telegram (software)) Telegram that its official website is hamas.ps.[ 309]    [ 307]     According to Dr. Harel Horev, historian and researcher of Palestinian affairs at (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv_University) (Tel Aviv University) Tel Aviv University , Hamas has used social media to dehumanize Israelis/Jews. According to his research, Hamas took over the most popular accounts on Palestinian networks in a covert manner that did not reveal its involvement. This control gave it the ability to significantly influence the Palestinian discourse online through content that denies the humanity and right to life of Israelis. These included posters, songs and videos glorifying threats; computer games that encourage the murder of Jews; training videos for carrying out effective and indiscriminate stabbing and shooting attacks; and anti-Semitic cartoons as a central means of dehumanizing the Israeli/Jew in the Palestinian online discourse.[ 310]    [ 311]     Following pressure from pro-Israel advocacy groups and tech giants Apple and Google, Telegram has blocked several Hamas-linked channels that violated app store policies regarding violent content.[ 312]       Internal security  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   See also: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Interior_(State_of_Palestine)) (Ministry of Interior (State of Palestine)) Ministry of Interior (State of Palestine)  The General Security Service, formally part of the Hamas political party, operates akin to a governmental body within Gaza. Under the direct oversight of Hamas leader Yahya Sinwar, it conducts extensive surveillance on Palestinians, compiling files on various individuals including journalists and government critics. This secret police force relies on a network of informants and employs tactics such as censorship and surveillance to maintain control. Before the conflict with Israel, the unit reportedly had a monthly budget of $120,000 and consisted of 856 personnel, including more than 160 individuals paid to spread Hamas propaganda and conduct online attacks against opponents.[ 313]     Other powerful internal security bodies in Gaza include Military Intelligence, which focuses on Israel, and the Internal Security Service, an arm of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Interior_(State_of_Palestine)) (Ministry of Interior (State of Palestine)) Interior Ministry .[ 313]     During the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Palestine) (COVID-19 pandemic in Palestine) COVID-19 pandemic in Palestine Hamas implemented restrictions in a  "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flattening_the_curve) (Flattening the curve) flattening the curve " approach.[ 314]    The restrictions imposed were similar to most western countries, and more relaxed than the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero_COVID) (Zero COVID) zero COVID policy implemented by (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_China) (COVID-19 pandemic in China) China and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Organization#Regional_offices) (World Health Organization) their neighbors .[ 315]        Qassam Brigades (military wing)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izz_ad-Din_al-Qassam_Brigades) (Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades) Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flickr_-_Israel_Defense_Forces_-_Weapons_Found_in_a_Mosque_During_Cast_Lead_(2).jpg)   Weapons found in a mosque during (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Cast_Lead) (Operation Cast Lead) Operation Cast Lead , according to the IDF.   The (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izz_ad-Din_al-Qassam_Brigades) (Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades) Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades is Hamas' military wing.[ 316]    [ 317]    While the number of members is known only to the Brigades leadership, Israel estimates the Brigades have a core of several hundred members who receive (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_training) (Military training) military style training , including training in Iran and in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria) (Syria) Syria (before the Syrian Civil War).[ 318]    Additionally, the brigades have an estimated 10,000–17,000 operatives,[ 282]    [ 319]    other sources say 15,000–40,000 militants,[ 320]    [ 321]    (./Category:Articles_with_minor_POV_problems_from_July_2024)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view#Due_and_undue_weight) (Wikipedia:Neutral point of view) (The material near this tag may be giving undue weight to a viewpoint or idea. (July 2024)) undue weight?   – (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Hamas#Conflicting_estimates_of_size_of_Qassam_Brigades) (Talk:Hamas) discuss  ]  forming a backup force whenever circumstances call for reinforcements for the Brigade. Recruitment training lasts for two years.[ 318]    The group's ideology outlines its aim as the liberation of Palestine and the restoration of Palestinian rights under the dispensations set forth in the Qur'an, and this translates into three policy priorities: To evoke the spirit of Jihad (Resistance) among Palestinians, Arabs, and Muslims; to defend Palestinians and their land against the Zionist occupation and its manifestations; to liberate Palestinians and their land that was usurped by the Zionist occupation forces and settlers.[ 322]      According to its official stipulations, the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades' military operations are to be restricted to operating only inside Palestine, engaging with Israeli soldiers,[ g]    and in exercising the right of self-defense against armed settlers. They are to avoid civilian targets, to respect the enemy's humanity by refraining from mutilation, defacement or excessive killing, and to avoid targeting Westerners either in the occupied zones or beyond.[ 323]     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2013_Izz_ad-Din_al-Qassam_Brigades_exercise_(8).jpg)   Exercise of al-Qassam Brigades in Gaza City, 27 January 2013  Down to 2007, the Brigades are estimated to have lost some 800 operatives in conflicts with Israeli forces. The leadership has been consistently undermined by targeted assassinations. Aside from (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahya_Ayyash) (Yahya Ayyash) Yahya Ayyash (5 January 1996), it has lost (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emad_Akel) (Emad Akel) Emad Akel (24 November 1993), (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salah_Shehade) (Salah Shehade) Salah Shehade (23 July 2002), (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_al-Makadmeh) (Ibrahim al-Makadmeh) Ibrahim al-Makadmeh (8 March 2003), (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismail_Abu_Shanab) (Ismail Abu Shanab) Ismail Abu Shanab (21 August 2003), (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed_Yassin) (Ahmed Yassin) Ahmed Yassin (22 March 2004), and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdel_Aziz_al-Rantisi) (Abdel Aziz al-Rantisi) Abdel Aziz al-Rantisi (17 April 2004).[ 324]    [ 325]     The Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades groups its fighters in 4–5 man cells, which in turn are integrated into companies and battalions. Unlike the political section, which is split between an internal and external structure, the Brigades are under a local Palestinian leadership, and disobedience with the decisions taken by the political leadership have been relatively rare.[ 326]     Although the Izz al-Din al-Qassam Brigades are an integral part of Hamas, the exact nature of the relationship is hotly debated.[ 250]    [ 327]    They appear to operate at times independently of Hamas, exercising a certain autonomy.[ 328]    [ 329]    [ 330]    Some cells have independent links with the external leadership, enabling them to bypass the hierarchical command chain and political leadership in Gaza.[ 331]    Ilana Kass and Bard O'Neill, likening Hamas's relationship with the Brigades to the political party (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinn_Féin) (Sinn Féin) Sinn Féin 's relationship to the military arm of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Republican_Army) (Irish Republican Army) Irish Republican Army , quote a senior Hamas official as stating: "The Izz al-Din al-Qassam Brigade is a separate armed military wing, which has its own leaders who do not take their orders from Hamas and do not tell us of their plans in advance."[ 332]    [ h]      Gaza forces, October 2023  During the Gaza war, the IDF published its intelligence about the Hamas military in the Strip.[ 335]    They put the strength of the Qassam Brigades there at the start of the war at 30,000 fighters, organized by area in five brigades, consisting in total of 24 battalions and c. 140 companies.[ 335]    Each regional brigade had a number of strongholds and outposts, and included specialised arrays for rocket firing, anti-tank missiles, air defenses, snipers, and engineering.[ 335]       Symbols  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:25th_anniversary_of_Hamas_(08)_(cropped).jpg)   Hamas flags at the 25th anniversary rally in 2012  The flag of Hamas is a green field ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_in_Islam) (Green in Islam) a traditionally respected color in Islam ) charged in the middle with the writing of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahada) (Shahada) Shahada  , an Islamic statement of faith, in white calligraphic script: "There is no god but (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/God_in_Islam) (God in Islam) God " and "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad) (Muhammad) Muhammad is the messenger of God".[ 336]    [ 337]     The emblems of their political[ 338]    [ 339]    and military wings are distinct from each other.[ 340]    [ 341]    [ 342]    The emblem of Hamas' political wing features Islamic and militaristic motifs. It shows two crossed swords in front of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dome_of_the_rock) (Dome of the rock) central building of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Aqsa) (Al-Aqsa) Al-Aqsa mosque complex, in Jerusalem. The mosque is framed by two Palestinian flags that feature the two statements that comprise the Shahada .[ 339]    [ 338]    Above Al Aqsa is a map of Palestine, matching the borders of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandatory_Palestine) (Mandatory Palestine) Mandatory Palestine . Immediately below the Dome it reads "Palestine" and below that in the green banner: "Islamic Resistance Movement – Hamas".[ 343]    The emblem of their (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qassam_Brigades) (Al-Qassam Brigades) Al-Qassam Brigades militant wing does not include a map or a Palestinian flag, the militant wing emblem is a cartoon drawing of a man holding an (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M16_rifle) (M16 rifle) M16 rifle and a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quran) (Quran) Quran , with his face mostly covered by a black and white (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_keffiyeh) (Palestinian keffiyeh) Palestinian keffiyeh .[ 316]    [ 341]    [ 342]    He is standing in front of a green flag and the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dome_of_the_rock) (Dome of the rock) golden dome of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Aqsa) (Al-Aqsa) Al-Aqsa mosque, but the building is more stylised than it is in the political wing emblem.[ 340]    [ 341]    [ 342]      Violence  Hamas has used both political activities and violence in pursuit of its goals. For example, while politically engaged in the 2006 Palestinian Territories parliamentary election campaign, Hamas stated in its election manifesto that it was prepared to use "armed resistance to end (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli-occupied_territories) (Israeli-occupied territories) the occupation ".[ 344]    Hamas has repeatedly justified its violence by arguing "People under occupation have a right to resist that occupation".[ 345]    Hamas also argues its armed resistance only started after decades of Israeli occupation.[ 345]     From 2000 to 2004, Hamas was responsible for killing nearly 400 Israelis and wounding more than 2,000 in 425 attacks, according to the Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From 2001 through May 2008, Hamas launched more than 3,000 Qassam rockets and 2,500 mortar attacks into Israel.[ 346]     Attacks on civilians  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:HAMAS_suicide_bombing_in_Jerusalem_on_25_February_(DoS_Publication_10321).png)   Aftermath of 1996 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaffa_Road_bus_bombings) (Jaffa Road bus bombings) Jaffa Road bus bombings in which 26 people were killed  Hamas have committed massacres targeting Israeli civilians. Hamas's most deadly suicide bombing was the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passover_massacre) (Passover massacre) Passover Massacre , which occurred in a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netanya) (Netanya) Netanya hotel on 27 March 2002, at a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passover_Seder) (Passover Seder) Passover Seder in which 30 people were killed and 140 were wounded.  Hamas has defended suicide attacks as a legitimate aspect of its (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asymmetric_warfare) (Asymmetric warfare) asymmetric warfare against Israel. In 2003, according to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Atkins) (Stephen Atkins) Stephen Atkins , Hamas resumed suicide bombings in Israel as a retaliatory measure after the failure of peace talks and an Israeli campaign targeting members of the upper echelon of the Hamas leadership.[ i]    In a 2002 report, Human Rights Watch stated that Hamas leaders "should be held accountable" for "war crimes and crimes against humanity" committed by the al-Qassam Brigades.[ 348]    [ 349]    [ 350]     In 2008, Hamas leader (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khaled_Mashal) (Khaled Mashal) Khaled Mashal , offered that Hamas would attack only military targets if the IDF would stop causing the deaths of Palestinian civilians.[ 351]    Following a 19 June 2008, ceasefire, the al-Qassam Brigades ended its rocket attacks and arrested Fatah militants in Gaza who had continued sporadic rocket and mortar attacks against Israel. The al-Qassam Brigades resumed the attacks after the 4 November Israeli incursion into Gaza.[ 81]    [ 82]     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nova_massacre_dashcam.jpg)   The 2023 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Re'im_music_festival_massacre) (Re'im music festival massacre) Re'im music festival massacre left 364 people dead with many others wounded or taken hostage  During the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_7_attacks) (October 7 attacks) October 7 attacks , Hamas infiltrated homes, shot civilians en masse, and took scores of Israeli civilians and soldiers as hostages into Gaza.[ 352]    [ 353]    According to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch) (Human Rights Watch) Human Rights Watch , the deliberate targeting of civilians, indiscriminate attacks, and taking of civilians as hostages amount to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_crime) (War crime) war crimes under international humanitarian law.[ 354]    During its October 2023 offensive against Israel, Hamas massacred 364 people at the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Re'im_music_festival_massacre) (Re'im music festival massacre) Re'im music festival , while (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_war_hostage_crisis) (Gaza war hostage crisis) abducting others.[ 355]    [ 356]    During the same offensive, it also was reported that Hamas had massacred the population of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kfar_Aza) (Kfar Aza) Kfar Aza kibbutz.[ 357]    About 10 percent of the residents of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Be'eri) (Be'eri) Be'eri kibbutz were killed.[ 358]    Hamas militants attacked the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psyduck_music_festival_massacre) (Psyduck music festival massacre) Psyduck festival , that took place near kibutz Nir Oz, killing 17 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israelis) (Israelis) Israeli partygoers.[ 359]    Video footage shows children being deliberately killed during the kibbutz attacks,[ 360]    as well as what appears to be an attempt to decapitate a living person using a garden hoe.[ 361]    Forensic teams who examined bodies of victims said many bodies showed signs of torture as well as (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_and_gender-based_violence_in_the_October_7_attacks) (Sexual and gender-based violence in the October 7 attacks) sexual and gender-based violence , and testimonies to this effect were also collected by Israeli police.[ 362]    [ 363]    [ 364]    [ 365]    Haaretz later reported that forensic pathologists who examined bodies of the victims taken the Shura Base for identification found "no signs on any of those bodies attesting to sexual relations having taken place or of mutilation of genitalia." Not all bodies could be fully examined given the lack of forensic pathologists, and for some conclusions could not be drawn given their deteriorated state.[ 366]    Israeli forensic pathologists in charge of the process clarified later that all bodies had been examined, and some were disfigured or burned.[ 367]    Some of the testimonies were later proven to be false.[ 368]    [ 369]    [ 370]    (./Category:Articles_with_minor_POV_problems_from_January_2026)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view#Due_and_undue_weight) (Wikipedia:Neutral point of view) (The material near this tag may be giving undue weight to a viewpoint or idea. (January 2026)) undue weight?   – (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Hamas#undue) (Talk:Hamas) discuss  ]  Detailed reports by the UN and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times) (The Times) The Times  concluded that Israel's claims about the scale and formally sanctioned, systematic nature of sexual assaults did not stand up to scrutiny.[ 371]    [ 372]    [ 373]      Rocket attacks on Israel  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   See also: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_rocket_attacks_on_Israel) (Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel) Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_rocket_attacks_on_Israel) (Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel) Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:A_rocket_fired_from_a_civilian_area_in_Gaza_towards_civilian_areas_in_Southern_Israel.jpg) (A rocket fired from a civilian area in Gaza towards civilian areas in Southern Israel) (A rocket fired from a civilian area in Gaza towards civilian areas in Southern Israel)    A rocket fired from the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_Strip) (Gaza Strip) Gaza Strip  into (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel) (Israel) Israel , 2008   By year (list)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Palestinian_rocket_attacks_on_Israel_in_2001) (List of Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel in 2001) 2001  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Palestinian_rocket_attacks_on_Israel_in_2002–2006) (List of Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel in 2002–2006) 2002–2006  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Palestinian_rocket_attacks_on_Israel_in_2007) (List of Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel in 2007) 2007  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Palestinian_rocket_attacks_on_Israel_in_2008) (List of Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel in 2008) 2008   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Israel–Hamas_ceasefire) (2008 Israel–Hamas ceasefire) 2008 ceasefire  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_War_(2008–2009)) (Gaza War (2008–2009)) Gaza War  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Palestinian_rocket_attacks_on_Israel_in_2009) (List of Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel in 2009) 2009  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Palestinian_rocket_attacks_on_Israel_in_2010) (List of Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel in 2010) 2010   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Palestinian_rocket_attacks_on_Israel_in_2011) (List of Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel in 2011) 2011  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Palestinian_rocket_attacks_on_Israel_in_2012) (List of Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel in 2012) 2012  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Palestinian_rocket_attacks_on_Israel_in_2013) (List of Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel in 2013) 2013  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Palestinian_rocket_attacks_on_Israel_in_2014) (List of Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel in 2014) 2014  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Palestinian_rocket_attacks_on_Israel_in_2015) (List of Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel in 2015) 2015   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Palestinian_rocket_attacks_on_Israel_in_2016) (List of Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel in 2016) 2016  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Palestinian_rocket_attacks_on_Israel_in_2017) (List of Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel in 2017) 2017  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Palestinian_rocket_attacks_on_Israel_in_2018) (List of Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel in 2018) 2018  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Palestinian_rocket_attacks_on_Israel_in_2019) (List of Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel in 2019) 2019  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Palestinian_rocket_attacks_on_Israel_in_2020) (List of Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel in 2020) 2020   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Palestinian_rocket_attacks_on_Israel_in_2021) (List of Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel in 2021) 2021  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Palestinian_rocket_attacks_on_Israel_in_2022) (List of Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel in 2022) 2022  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Palestinian_rocket_attacks_on_Israel_in_2023) (List of Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel in 2023) 2023  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Palestinian_rocket_attacks_on_Israel_in_2024) (List of Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel in 2024) 2024  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Palestinian_rocket_attacks_on_Israel_in_2025) (List of Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel in 2025) 2025     Groups responsible  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_Azzam_Brigades) (Abdullah Azzam Brigades) Abdullah Azzam Brigades   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Martyrs'_Brigades) (Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades) Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaat_Ansar_al-Sunna) (Jamaat Ansar al-Sunna) Ansar al-Sunna  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Army_of_Islam_(Gaza)) (Army of Islam (Gaza)) Army of Islam  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine) (Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine) DFLP   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatah) (Fatah) Fatah  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Force_17) (Force 17) Force 17  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas) Hamas  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Islamic_Jihad) (Palestinian Islamic Jihad) Islamic Jihad   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mujahideen_Shura_Council_in_the_Environs_of_Jerusalem) (Mujahideen Shura Council in the Environs of Jerusalem) Mujahideen Shura Council  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine) (Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine) PFLP   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popular_Resistance_Committees) (Popular Resistance Committees) PRC  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawhid_al-Jihad_(Gaza_Strip)) (Tawhid al-Jihad (Gaza Strip)) Tawhid wal-Jihad     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_rocket_arsenal) (Palestinian rocket arsenal) Rocket types   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mortar_(weapon)) (Mortar (weapon)) Mortar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qassam_rocket) (Qassam rocket) Qassam  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Quds_rocket) (Al-Quds rocket) Al-Quds   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katyusha_rocket_launcher) (Katyusha rocket launcher) Katyusha  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BM-21_Grad) (BM-21 Grad) Grad  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fajr-5) (Fajr-5) Fajr-5     Cities affected  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashdod) (Ashdod) Ashdod  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashkelon) (Ashkelon) Ashkelon  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beersheba) (Beersheba) Beersheba   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eilat) (Eilat) Eilat  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gedera) (Gedera) Gedera  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiryat_Gat) (Kiryat Gat) Kiryat Gat   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiryat_Malakhi) (Kiryat Malakhi) Kiryat Malakhi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netivot) (Netivot) Netivot   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sderot) (Sderot) Sderot  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ofakim) (Ofakim) Ofakim  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yavne) (Yavne) Yavne   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv) (Tel Aviv) Tel Aviv  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem) (Jerusalem) Jerusalem     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional_council_(Israel)) (Regional council (Israel)) Regional Council areas affected  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hof_Ashkelon_Regional_Council) (Hof Ashkelon Regional Council) Hof Ashkelon (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karmia) (Karmia) Karmia  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netiv_HaAsara) (Netiv HaAsara) Netiv HaAsara  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yad_Mordechai) (Yad Mordechai) Yad Mordechai  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zikim) (Zikim) Zikim      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eshkol_Regional_Council) (Eshkol Regional Council) Eshkol (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nir_Oz) (Nir Oz) Nir Oz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirim) (Nirim) Nirim  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yesha,_Israel) (Yesha, Israel) Yesha      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sha'ar_HaNegev_Regional_Council) (Sha'ar HaNegev Regional Council) Sha'ar HaNegev (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kfar_Aza) (Kfar Aza) Kfar Aza  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nahal_Oz_(kibbutz)) (Nahal Oz (kibbutz)) Nahal Oz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nir_Am) (Nir Am) Nir Am      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sdot_Negev_Regional_Council) (Sdot Negev Regional Council) Sdot Negev (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alumim) (Alumim) Alumim  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sa'ad) (Sa'ad) Sa'ad      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merhavim_Regional_Council) (Merhavim Regional Council) Merhavim  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Be'er_Tuvia_Regional_Council) (Be'er Tuvia Regional Council) Be'er Tuvia  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoav_Regional_Council) (Yoav Regional Council) Yoav   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bnei_Shimon_Regional_Council) (Bnei Shimon Regional Council) Bnei Shimon  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gush_Etzion) (Gush Etzion) Gush Etzion     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_settlement) (Israeli settlement) Settlements affected (evacuated)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bnei_Atzmon) (Bnei Atzmon) Atzmona  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dugit) (Dugit) Dugit  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elei_Sinai) (Elei Sinai) Elei Sinai   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadid) (Gadid) Gadid  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganei_Tal_(Israeli_settlement)) (Ganei Tal (Israeli settlement)) Ganei Tal  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katif_(Israeli_settlement)) (Katif (Israeli settlement)) Katif   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kfar_Darom) (Kfar Darom) Kfar Darom  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morag_(Israeli_settlement)) (Morag (Israeli settlement)) Morag   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netzarim) (Netzarim) Netzarim  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netzer_Hazani_(Israeli_settlement)) (Netzer Hazani (Israeli settlement)) Netzer Hazani   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neve_Dekalim) (Neve Dekalim) Neve Dekalim  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nisanit) (Nisanit) Nisanit   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafiah_Yam) (Rafiah Yam) Rafiah Yam  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slav_(Israeli_settlement)) (Slav (Israeli settlement)) Slav     Defense and response  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_defense_in_Israel) (Civil defense in Israel) Civil defense in Israel   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Color) (Red Color) Red Color  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_Dome) (Iron Dome) Iron Dome  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZAKA) (ZAKA) ZAKA     See also  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocket_attacks_on_Eilat_and_Aqaba) (Rocket attacks on Eilat and Aqaba) Rocket attacks on Eilat   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_projectile_attacks_from_Lebanon_on_Israel_and_the_Golan_Heights) (List of projectile attacks from Lebanon on Israel and the Golan Heights) Projectile attacks from Lebanon     (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Palestinian_rocket_attacks_on_Israel) (Template:Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel) (View this template) v   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Palestinian_rocket_attacks_on_Israel) (Template talk:Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel) (Discuss this template) t   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Palestinian_rocket_attacks_on_Israel) (Special:EditPage/Template:Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel) (Edit this template) e         According to a 2010 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch) (Human Rights Watch) Human Rights Watch report, 15 civilians had been killed in rocket attacks by Hamas and other groups since 2001. Hamas has claimed that its rockets are only aimed at military targets, and that the low quality of its weapons was the cause of the inadvertent civilian casualties. According to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch) (Human Rights Watch) Human Rights Watch , statements by Hamas leaders shed doubt on these claims and indicate that targeting of civilians was not accidental. From January 2009, following (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Cast_Lead) (Operation Cast Lead) Operation Cast Lead , Hamas largely stopped launching rocket attacks on Israel and has on at least two occasions arrested members of other groups who have launched rockets, "showing that it has the ability to impose the law when it wants".[ 374]    In February 2010, Hamas issued a statement regretting any harm that may have befallen Israeli civilians as a result of Palestinian rocket attacks during the Gaza war. It maintained that its rocket attacks had been aimed at Israeli military targets but lacked accuracy and hence sometimes hit civilian areas. Israel responded that Hamas had boasted repeatedly of targeting and murdering civilians in the media.[ 375]     According to one report, commenting on the 2014 conflict, "nearly all the 2,500–3,000 rockets and mortars Hamas has fired at Israel since the start of the war seem to have been aimed at towns", including an attack on "a kibbutz collective farm close to the Gaza border", in which an Israeli child was killed.[ 376]    Former Israeli Lt. Col. Jonathan D. Halevi stated that "Hamas has expressed pride in aiming long-range rockets at strategic targets in Israel including the nuclear reactor in Dimona, the chemical plants in Haifa, and Ben-Gurion Airport", which "could have caused thousands" of Israeli casualties "if successful".[ 377]     In July 2008, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama) (Barack Obama) Barack Obama , then the Democratic presidential candidate, said: "If somebody was sending rockets into my house, where my two daughters sleep at night, I'm going to do everything in my power to stop that, and I would expect Israelis to do the same thing."[ 378]    On 28 December 2008, Secretary of State (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condoleezza_Rice) (Condoleezza Rice) Condoleezza Rice said in a statement: "the United States strongly condemns the repeated rocket and mortar attacks against Israel."[ 379]    On 2 March 2009, Secretary of State (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton) (Hillary Clinton) Hillary Clinton condemned the attacks.[ 380]     On 7 October 2023, Hamas claimed responsibility for a barrage of missile attacks originating from the Gaza Strip.[ 381]      Guerrilla warfare  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Weapons_Found_in_Shuja'iya,_Gaza_(14552909800).jpg)   Hamas anti-tank rockets, captured by Israel Defense Forces during Operation Protective Edge  Hamas has made great use of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerrilla_tactics) (Guerrilla tactics) guerrilla tactics in the Gaza Strip and to a lesser degree the West Bank.[ 382]    It has successfully adapted these techniques over the years since its inception. According to a 2006 report by rival Fatah party, Hamas had smuggled between several hundred and 1,300 tons of advanced rockets, along with other weaponry, into Gaza.[ 382]     Hamas has used (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEDs) (IEDs) IEDs and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-tank_rocket) (Anti-tank rocket) anti-tank rockets against the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IDF) (IDF) IDF in Gaza. The latter include standard (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RPG-7) (RPG-7) RPG-7 warheads and home-made rockets such as the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Bana) (Al-Bana) Al-Bana , Al-(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batar) (Batar) Batar and Al-(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasin_(RPG)) (Yasin (RPG)) Yasin . The IDF has a difficult, if not impossible, time trying to find hidden weapons caches in Palestinian areas—this is due to the high local support base Hamas enjoys.[ 383]      Extrajudicial killings of rivals    (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   See also: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_the_Gaza_Strip) (Capital punishment in the Gaza Strip) Capital punishment in the Gaza Strip  In addition to killing Israeli civilians and armed forces, Hamas has also murdered suspected Palestinian Israel collaborators and Fatah rivals.[ 384]    [ 385]    According to the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated_Press) (Associated Press) Associated Press , collaborating with Israel is a crime punishable by death in Gaza.[ 386]    Hundreds of Palestinians were executed by both Hamas and Fatah during the First Intifada.[ 387]    In the wake of the 2006 Israeli conflict with Gaza, Hamas was accused of systematically rounding up, torturing and summarily executing Fatah supporters suspected of supplying information to Israel. Human Rights Watch estimates several hundred Gazans were "maimed" and tortured in the aftermath of the conflict. Seventy-three Gazan men accused of "collaborating" had their arms and legs broken by "unidentified perpetrators", and 18 Palestinians accused of helping Israel were executed by Hamas security officials in the first days of the conflict.[ 388]    [ 389]    [ 390]    In November 2012, Hamas's Izzedine al-Qassam brigade publicly executed six Gaza residents accused of collaborating with Israel. According to the witnesses, six alleged informers were shot dead one by one in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_City) (Gaza City) Gaza City , while the corpse of the sixth victim was tied by a cable to the back of a motorcycle and dragged through the streets.[ 391]    In 2013, Human Rights Watch issued a statement condemning Hamas for not investigating and giving a proper trial to the six men. Their statement was released the day before Hamas issued a deadline for "collaborators" to turn themselves in, or they will be pursued "without mercy".[ 392]    During the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Israel-Gaza_conflict) (2014 Israel-Gaza conflict) 2014 Israel-Gaza conflict , Hamas executed at least 23 accused collaborators after three of its commanders were assassinated by Israeli forces, with (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amnesty_International) (Amnesty International) Amnesty International also reporting instances of torture used by Hamas forces.[ 393]    [ 394]    An Israeli source denied that any of the commanders had been targeted on the basis of human intelligence.[ 395]     Killings of unarmed people have also occurred during Hamas-Fatah clashes.[ 396]    [ 397]    NGOs have cited a number of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summary_execution) (Summary execution) summary executions as particular examples of violations of the rules of warfare, including the case of Muhammad Swairki, 28, a cook for Palestinian Authority Chairman Mahmoud Abbas's presidential guard, who was thrown to his death, with his hands and legs tied, from a 15-story apartment building in Gaza City.[ 398]    Hamas security forces reportedly shoot and torture Palestinians who opposed Hamas rule in Gaza.[ 399]    In one case, a Palestinian had criticized Hamas in a conversation on the street with some friends. Later that day, more than a dozen armed men with black masks and red (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaffiyeh) (Kaffiyeh) kaffiyeh took the man from his home, and brought him to a solitary area where they shot him three times in the lower legs and ankles. The man told (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch) (Human Rights Watch) Human Rights Watch that he was not politically active.[ 388]     On 14 August 2009, Hamas fighters (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Rafah_(2009)) (Battle of Rafah (2009)) stormed the Mosque of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamist_anti-Hamas_groups_in_the_Gaza_Strip) (Islamist anti-Hamas groups in the Gaza Strip) extremist cleric (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdel-Latif_Moussa) (Abdel-Latif Moussa) Abdel-Latif Moussa .[ 400]    The cleric was protected by at least 100 fighters from (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jund_Ansar_Allah) (Jund Ansar Allah) Jund Ansar Allah ("Army of the Helpers of God"), an (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamist_anti-Hamas_groups_in_the_Gaza_Strip) (Islamist anti-Hamas groups in the Gaza Strip) Islamist group with links to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qaeda) (Al-Qaeda) Al-Qaeda . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Rafah_(2009)) (Battle of Rafah (2009)) The resulting battle left at least 13 people dead, including Moussa and six Hamas fighters, and 120 people injured.[ 401]     According to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_president) (Palestinian president) Palestinian president (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmoud_Abbas) (Mahmoud Abbas) Mahmoud Abbas , during (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Israel–Gaza_conflict) (2014 Israel–Gaza conflict) 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict , Hamas killed more than 120 Palestinian youths for defying house arrest imposed on them by Hamas, in addition to 30–40 Palestinians killed by Hamas in extrajudicial executions after accusing them of being collaborators with Israel.[ 402]    Referring to the killing of suspected collaborators, a Shin Bet official stated that "not even one" of those executed by Hamas provided any intelligence to Israel, while the Shin Bet officially "confirmed that those executed during Operation Protective Edge had all been held in prison in Gaza in the course of the hostilities".[ 395]       Criticism  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Hamas) (Criticism of Hamas) Criticism of Hamas  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   See also: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Use_of_human_shields_by_Hamas) (Use of human shields by Hamas) Use of human shields by Hamas , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegations_of_genocide_in_the_October_7_attacks) (Allegations of genocide in the October 7 attacks) Allegations of genocide in the October 7 attacks , and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas_baby_beheading_hoax) (Hamas baby beheading hoax) Hamas baby beheading hoax  Aside from its use of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_violence) (Political violence) political violence in pursuit of its goals, Hamas has been (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Hamas) (Criticism of Hamas) widely criticised for a variety of reasons , including the use of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antisemitic) (Antisemitic) antisemitic (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hate_speech) (Hate speech) hate speech by its representatives; its frequent (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calls_for_the_destruction_of_Israel) (Calls for the destruction of Israel) calls for the destruction of Israel by force; its reported (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Use_of_human_shields_by_Hamas) (Use of human shields by Hamas) use of human shields [ 403]    and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_combatants) (Child combatants) child combatants as part of its military operations;[ 404]    and its restriction of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_freedom) (Political freedom) political freedoms within the Gaza Strip and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights_abuses) (Human rights abuses) human rights abuses .[ 405]     After the start of the 2023 war, the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Parliament) (European Parliament) European Parliament passed a motion stating the need for Hamas to be eliminated, with US president (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_R._Biden) (Joseph R. Biden) Joseph R. Biden having expressed the same sentiment.[ 406]    [ 407]    Hamas was accused of having committed (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegations_of_genocide_in_the_October_7_attacks) (Allegations of genocide in the October 7 attacks) genocide against Israelis on 7 October 2023 by 240 legal experts, including jurists and academics.[ 408]     Allegations of antisemitism  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Further information: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Islam) (Antisemitism in Islam) Antisemitism in Islam and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_antisemitism) (Religious antisemitism) Religious antisemitism  The (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1988_Hamas_charter) (1988 Hamas charter) 1988 Hamas charter proclaims that jihad against Jews is required until Judgement Day.[ 241]    [ 409]    Article 7 of the 1988 governing charter of Hamas "openly dedicate(s) Hamas to genocide against the Jewish people".[ 410]    Authors have characterized the violent language against all Jews in the original Hamas charter as (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genocidal) (Genocidal) genocidal ,[ 411]    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incitement_to_genocide) (Incitement to genocide) incitement to genocide ,[ 412]    [ 413]    or (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antisemitic) (Antisemitic) antisemitic .[ 414]    [ 415]    The charter attributes collective responsibility to Jews, not just Israelis, for various global issues, including both World Wars.[ 416]    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_American_Interest) (The American Interest) The American Interest  magazine wrote that the charter "echoes" (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi_propaganda) (Nazi propaganda) Nazi propaganda in claiming that Jews profited during (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II) (World War II) World War II .[ 417]    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffrey_Goldberg) (Jeffrey Goldberg) Jeffrey Goldberg , editor-in-chief of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Atlantic) (The Atlantic) The Atlantic  magazine and others have compared statements in the 1988 charter with those that appear in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Protocols_of_the_Elders_of_Zion) (The Protocols of the Elders of Zion) The Protocols of the Elders of Zion  .[ 413]    [ 418]     Esther Webman of the Project for the Study of Anti-Semitism at (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tel_Aviv_University) (Tel Aviv University) Tel Aviv University wrote in 1998 that Hamas leaflets during the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Intifada) (First Intifada) First Intifada "contained the most extreme anti-Semitic statements" of all Palestinian factions, but argued that "anti-Semitism is not the main tenet of Hamas ideology."[ 419]    The tone and casting of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict as part of an eternal struggle between Muslim and Jews by the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1988_Hamas_charter) (1988 Hamas charter) Hamas Covenant had become an obstacle for the movement to be able to take part in diplomatic forums involving Western nations.[ 420]     Hamas has been accused of promoting (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocaust_denial) (Holocaust denial) Holocaust denial .[ 421]    (Page / location: 11) :  11   [ 422]    It described (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi_Germany) (Nazi Germany) Nazi Germany 's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Holocaust) (The Holocaust) genocide of European Jews as "so-called" and "an alleged and invented story with no basis" in a 2000 press release.[ 421]    (Page / location: 17–18) :  17–18   In 2003, Hamas co-founder and deputy leader (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdel_Aziz_al-Rantisi) (Abdel Aziz al-Rantisi) Abdel Aziz al-Rantisi said that "Zionists were behind the Nazis' murder of many Jews."[ 423]    In 2009, Hamas was involved in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas–UNRWA_Holocaust_dispute) (Hamas–UNRWA Holocaust dispute) a dispute with the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Relief_and_Works_Agency) (United Nations Relief and Works Agency) United Nations Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA) over the inclusion of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocaust_education) (Holocaust education) Holocaust education in Gaza, with Hamas's Popular Committees for Refugees describing the Holocaust as "a lie invented by the Zionists".[ 424]     In an (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Op-ed) (Op-ed) op-ed in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian) (The Guardian) The Guardian  in January 2006, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khaled_Meshaal) (Khaled Meshaal) Khaled Meshaal , the chief of Hamas's political bureau, said that the nature of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli–Palestinian_conflict) (Israeli–Palestinian conflict) Israeli–Palestinian conflict was not religious but political and that Hamas has "no problem with Jews who have not attacked us".[ 425]    In 2008, in another Guardian op ed, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basem_Naim) (Basem Naim) Basem Naim , Minister of Health and Information in Gaza, rejected the accusation of antisemitism and stated that  "it should be made clear that neither Hamas nor the Palestinian government in Gaza denies the Nazi Holocaust. The Holocaust was not only a crime against humanity but one of the most abhorrent crimes in modern history. We condemn it as we condemn every abuse of humanity and all forms of discrimination on the basis of religion, race, gender or nationality. And at the same time as we unreservedly condemn the crimes perpetrated by the Nazis against the Jews of Europe, we categorically reject the exploitation of the Holocaust by the Zionists to justify their crimes and harness international acceptance of the campaign of ethnic cleansing and subjection they have been waging against us."[ 297]      Hamas' 2017 charter removed the antisemitic language of the original, stating that their struggle is against (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zionism) (Zionism) Zionism and not Jews, while rejecting persecution or denial of rights of any human being on nationalist, religious, or sectarian grounds.[ 54]    [ 57]    [ 426]    It also says that the Jewish question, antisemitism, and the persecution of Jews stem from European history rather than Arab or Muslim heritage, while advancing goals for a Palestinian state that many see as consistent with a two-state solution.[ 49]    [ 50]    [ 426]    In 2025, Hamas stated that the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_genocide) (Gaza genocide) Gaza genocide is "the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auschwitz) (Auschwitz) Auschwitz of the 21st century".[ 427]     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed_Yassin) (Ahmed Yassin) Ahmed Yassin , the founder of Hamas, responded to accusations that "Hamas hate Jews" by stating in a 1988 interview: We don't hate Jews and fight Jews because they are Jewish. They are a people of faith and we are a people of faith, and we love all people of faith. If my brother, from my own mother and father and my own faith takes my home and expels me from it, I will fight him. I will fight my cousin if he takes my home and expels me from it. So when a Jew takes my home and expels me from it, I will fight him. I don't fight other countries because I want to be at peace with them, I love all people and wish peace for them, even the Jews. The Jews lived with us all of our lives and we never assaulted them, and they held high positions in government and ministries. But if they take my home and make me a refugee like 4 million Palestinians in exile? Who has more right to this land? The Russian immigrant who left this land 2000 years ago or the one who left 40 years ago? We don't hate the Jews, we only ask for them to give us our rights.[ 428]        Electoral performance  Legislative Council  In the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_Palestinian_legislative_election) (2006 Palestinian legislative election) 2006 Palestinian legislative election , the party won 44.45% of the vote, becoming the largest party of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Legislative_Council) (Palestinian Legislative Council) Legislative Council . Election Leading candidate Votes % Seats +/– Position  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_Palestinian_legislative_election) (2006 Palestinian legislative election) 2006  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismail_Haniyeh) (Ismail Haniyeh) Ismail Haniyeh  440,409 44.45 74 / 132     New 1st       Public opinion  The most recent press release by the People's Company for Polls and Survey Research, dated August 12th 2026, overall support for Hamas has fallen to 24% among Palestinians, Hamas leader Khalil al-Hayya was polling at 16% for (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Palestine) (President of Palestine) Palestinian President , 20% believe Hamas won the Gaza War while 15% believed Israel won and 60% believe no one won.[ 429]     Following the October 7 attacks and the Gaza war that followed, Hamas's popularity in Gaza fell while increasing in the West Bank. A May 2024 poll by the Arab World for Research and Development , a West Bank-based independent organization, only a quarter of Gazans supported Hamas, while 76% of Palestinians in the West Bank views Hamas positively. Views on the attack among Gazans plummeted from 50% support to 24% in favor from a poll taken in November 2023 to the May 2024 poll.[ 430]    According to the poll conducted by (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Institute_for_Near_East_Policy) (The Washington Institute for Near East Policy) The Washington Institute for Near East Policy  from 14 November to 6 December 2023, 40% of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia) (Saudi Arabia) Saudi participants expressed a positive view of Hamas, 95% of Saudis did not believe that Hamas killed civilians during the October 7 attacks, and only 16% of Saudis said Hamas should accept a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-state_solution) (Two-state solution) two-state solution .[ 431]    A poll conducted by the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Center_for_Policy_and_Survey_Research) (Palestinian Center for Policy and Survey Research) Palestinian Center for Policy and Survey Research between 22 and 25 October 2025, found that 70% of Palestinians from the West Bank and Gaza opposed the disarmament of Hamas, even if that means a return to Israeli attacks.[ 432]     A poll conducted in 2021 found that 53% of Palestinians believed Hamas was "most deserving of representing and leading the Palestinian people". Only 14% preferred Abbas's Fatah party.[ 433]    At the same time, a majority of Gazans also saw Hamas as corrupt, but were frightened to criticize the group.[ 434]    Polls conducted in September 2023 found that support for Hamas among Palestinians stood at around 27–31%.[ 435]     In July 2014, 65% of Lebanese viewed Hamas negatively. In Jordan and Egypt, roughly 60% viewed Hamas negatively, and in Turkey, 80% had a negative view of Hamas. In Tunisia, 42% had a negative view of Hamas, while 56% of Bangladeshis and 44% of Indonesians had a negative opinion of Hamas.[ 436]    A March/April 2023 poll found that 60% of Jordanians viewed Hamas firing rockets at Israel at least somewhat positively.[ 437]     Public opinions of Hamas deteriorated after it took control of the Gaza Strip in 2007. Prior to the takeover, 62% of Palestinians had held a favorable view of the group, while a third had negative views. According to a 2014 Pew Research survey just prior to the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Israel–Gaza_conflict) (2014 Israel–Gaza conflict) 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict , only about a third had positive opinions, and more than half viewed Hamas negatively. Furthermore, 68% of Israeli Arabs viewed Hamas negatively.[ 436]      Foreign relations  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   See also: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Hamas) (Foreign relations of Hamas) Foreign relations of Hamas  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pro_Hamas_Rally_in_Damascus.jpg)   Pro-Hamas rally in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascus) (Damascus) Damascus , Syria.  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hamas_leader_Ismail_Haniyeh_meeting_Iranian_Supreme_Leader_Ali_Khamenei.jpg)   Hamas leader (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismail_Haniyeh) (Ismail Haniyeh) Ismail Haniyeh and Iranian Supreme Leader (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Khamenei) (Ali Khamenei) Ali Khamenei in 2012  After winning the Palestinian elections, Hamas leaders made diplomatic tours abroad. In April 2006, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmoud_al-Zahar) (Mahmoud al-Zahar) Mahmoud al-Zahar (then foreign minister) visited Saudi Arabia, Syria, Kuwait, Bahrein, Qatar, the UAE, Yemen, Libya, Algeria, Sudan and Egypt.[ 438]    In Syria he held talks on the issue of Palestinians stuck on the Syrian-Iraqi border.(./Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification_from_May_2024)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify) (Wikipedia:Please clarify) (In what sense were "Palestinians stuck on" that border (Syria–Iraq) in 2006? Car without petrol? Arrested by police? Intraversable fence? (May 2024)) clarification needed   ]  He stated he met officials from Western Europe in Qatar who did not wish to be named.[ 438]    In May he visited Indonesia, Malaysia, the Sultanate of Brunei, Pakistan, China, Sri Lanka, Iran,[ 438]    and participated in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China–Arab_States_Cooperation_Forum) (China–Arab States Cooperation Forum) China–Arab States Cooperation Forum .[ 439]    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismail_Haniyeh) (Ismail Haniyeh) Ismail Haniyeh visited Egypt, Syria, Kuwait, Iran, Lebanon, Qatar and Saudi Arabia.[ 440]     Hamas has always maintained leadership abroad. The movement is deliberately fragmented to ensure Israel cannot kill its leaders.[ 441]    Hamas used to be strongly allied with Iran and Syria. Iran gave Hamas an estimated $13–15 million in 2011 as well as access to long-range missiles. Hamas's political bureau was once located in the Syrian capital Damascus before the Syrian civil war. Relations between Hamas, Iran, and Syria began to turn cold when Hamas refused to back Syrian President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad) (Bashar al-Assad) Bashar al-Assad ; Hamas backed the Sunni rebels fighting against Assad. As a result, Iran cut funding to Hamas, and Iranian ally Hezbollah ordered Hamas members out of Lebanon.[ 442]    Hamas was then forced out of Syria, and has tried to mend fences with Iran and Hezbollah.[ 442]    Hamas contacted Jordan and Sudan to see if either would open up its borders to its political bureau, but both refused, although they welcomed Hamas members leaving Syria.[ 443]     From 2012 to 2013, under the leadership of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood) (Muslim Brotherhood) Muslim Brotherhood President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed_Morsi) (Mohamed Morsi) Mohamed Morsi , Hamas had the support of Egypt. After Morsi was removed, his successor (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Fattah_al-Sisi) (Abdul Fattah al-Sisi) Abdul Fattah al-Sisi outlawed the Muslim Brotherhood and destroyed the tunnels Hamas built into Egypt. In 2015, Egypt declared Hamas a terrorist organization, but overturned this in June the same year.[ 444]    There was a rapprochement between Hamas and Egypt, when a Hamas delegation visited Cairo in 2016.[ 445]    Hamas has assisted Egypt in controlling the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insurgency_in_Sinai) (Insurgency in Sinai) insurgency in Sinai .[ 445]    Hamas denied Egypt's request to deploy its own militants in the Sinai leading to tensions between the two.[ 445]    Egypt has occasionally served as mediator between Hamas and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatah) (Fatah) Fatah , seeking to unify the two. In 2017, Yahya Sinwar visited Cairo and convinced Egypt to open the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafah_crossing) (Rafah crossing) Rafah crossing , letting in cement and fuel in exchange for Hamas committing to better relations with Fatah; this led to the signing of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Fatah–Hamas_Agreement) (2017 Fatah–Hamas Agreement) 2017 Fatah–Hamas Agreement .[ 446]     The United Arab Emirates has been hostile to Hamas, viewing it as the Palestinian equivalent of the Muslim Brotherhood, a designated terrorist organization in the UAE.[ 442]     Hamas enjoyed close relations with Saudi Arabia in its early years.[ 447]    Saudi Arabia funded most of its operations from 2000 to 2004, but reduced its support due to US pressure.[ 62]    In 2020, many Hamas members in Saudi Arabia were arrested. In 2022, Saudi Arabia began releasing Hamas members from prison. In 2023, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismail_Haniyeh) (Ismail Haniyeh) Ismail Haniyeh visited (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riyadh) (Riyadh) Riyadh , a sign of improving relations.[ 447]    Haniyeh had long sought to visit, and his requests had been ignored until then.[ 448]     Despite its Sunni Islamist ideology, Hamas has been flexible and pragmatic in its foreign policy, moderating and toning down its religious rhetoric when expedient;[ 449]    it has developed strong ties with Iran,[ 450]    and established relations with constitutionally secular states such as Syria and Russia.[ 450]    [ 449]    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrylo_Budanov) (Kyrylo Budanov) Kyrylo Budanov , the chief of Ukraine's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Directorate_of_Intelligence_(Ukraine)) (Main Directorate of Intelligence (Ukraine)) Main Directorate of Intelligence , has accused Russia of supporting Hamas by supplying it with stolen Ukrainian weaponry,[ 451]    and the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Resistance_Center_of_Ukraine) (National Resistance Center of Ukraine) National Resistance Center of Ukraine alleged that the Russian (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wagner_Group) (Wagner Group) Wagner Group trained Hamas militants ahead of the 7 October attacks.[ 452]     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea) (North Korea) North Korean arms were likely used during the 7 Oct assault on Israel.[ 453]    Ali Barakeh, a Hamas official living in Lebanon, claimed the two are allies.[ 454]    [ 455]     Hamas leaders reportedly re-established relations with (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuwait) (Kuwait) Kuwait , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libya) (Libya) Libya and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman) (Oman) Oman , all of which reportedly have not had warm relations with Fatah.[ 456]    The cool relationship between Fatah and Kuwait owed to Arafat's support for (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam) (Saddam) Saddam during the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_War) (Gulf War) Gulf War .[ 456]    This rapproachment is in part due to Hamas' policy of non-interference in the internal affairs of Arab countries.[ 456]    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmoud_al-Zahar) (Mahmoud al-Zahar) Mahmoud al-Zahar stated that Hamas does not "play the game" of siding with one Arab nation against another.[ 457]    When (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yusuf_al-Qaradawi) (Yusuf al-Qaradawi) Yusuf al-Qaradawi , and other Sunni (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulema) (Ulema) ulema  , called for an uprising against Assad's regime in Syria, Mahmoud al-Zahar maintained that taking sides would harm the Palestinian cause.[ 458]    (./Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification_from_December_2023)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify) (Wikipedia:Please clarify) (it's mentioned earlier that Hamas supported Syrian rebels against Assad (December 2023)) clarification needed   ]   After the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_the_Assad_regime) (Fall of the Assad regime) fall of the Assad regime in Syria, Hamas congratulated the Syrian people for achieving their "aspirations for freedom and justice," and expressed hope that the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_caretaker_government) (Syrian caretaker government) new Syrian government would continue "its historical and pivotal role in supporting the Palestinian people."[ 459]    In 2025, Hamas condemned (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_invasion_of_Syria_(2024–present)) (Israeli invasion of Syria (2024–present)) Israeli attacks on Syria .[ 460]     Terrorist designation  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:International_views_on_Hamas.svg)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959)      Designated Hamas as a terrorist organization (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959)      Designated the military wing of Hamas as a terrorist organization   The United States designated Hamas as a terrorist organisation in 1995, as did Canada in November 2002,[ 461]    and the United Kingdom in November 2021.[ 462]    In May 2021, the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organization_of_American_States) (Organization of American States) Organization of American States designated Hamas as a terrorist organisation.[ 463]    The (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union) (European Union) European Union so designated Hamas's military wing in 2001 and, under US pressure,[ 464]    designated Hamas in 2003.[ 465]    Hamas challenged this decision,[ 466]    which was upheld by the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Court_of_Justice) (European Court of Justice) European Court of Justice in July 2017.[ 467]    Japan[ 468]    and New Zealand[ 469]    have designated the military wing of Hamas as a terrorist organisation.[ 470]    The organisation is banned in Jordan.[ 471]    Citing previous infiltration attempts in 2018 and 2022, the Philippines has declared Hamas as a terrorist organization in 2023.[ 472]    [ 473]    In late February 2024, New Zealand re-designated the entire Hamas organisation as a terror entity.[ 474]    In December 2024, Switzerland approved a bill to ban the group for 5 years.[ 475]    [ 476]    In April 2025, Paraguay expanded its designation of Hamas as a terrorist organisation.[ 477]    In September 2025, Ecuador designated Hamas as a terrorist organization.[ 478]    On 8 April 2026, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costa_Rica) (Costa Rica) Costa Rica designated Hamas as a terrorist organization.[ 479]    On 15 April 2026, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago) (Trinidad and Tobago) Trinidad and Tobago designated Hamas as a terrorist organization.[ 480]    On 15 April 2026, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honduras) (Honduras) Honduras designated Hamas as a terrorist organization.[ 481]     In April 2025, Hamas filed a legal case in Britain appealing its designation as a terrorist group. The filing argues that Hamas has never engaged in an armed operation outside of historic Palestine and is not a threat to Western nations. Hamas politician (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mousa_Abu_Marzook) (Mousa Abu Marzook) Mousa Abu Marzook submitted a written statement arguing, "Hamas is not a terrorist group. It is a Palestinian Islamic liberation and resistance movement whose goal is to liberate Palestine and confront the Zionist project."[ 482]    [ 483]     Hamas is not regarded as a terrorist organisation by Afghanistan, Algeria, Iran,[ 484]    Russia,[ 485]    Norway,[ j]    Turkey, China,[ 487]    Egypt, Syria, and Brazil.[ 488]    [ 489]    [ 490]    "Many other states, including Russia, China, Syria, Turkey and Iran consider the (armed) struggle waged by Hamas to be legitimate."[ 491]     Tobias Buck, a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_Times) (Financial Times) Financial Times  writer, wrote in 2012 that Hamas is "listed as a terrorist organisation by Israel, the US and the EU, but few dare to treat it that way", and that in the Arab and Muslim world it had lost its (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pariah_state) (Pariah state) pariah status, as its emissaries are welcomed by Islamic governments.[ 492]    In the early 2010s, Hamas was considered a terrorist group by some governments and academics, while others regarded Hamas as a complex organisation with (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorism) (Terrorism) terrorism as only one component.[ 493]    [ 494]      Israeli policy towards Hamas  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   See also: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_support_for_Hamas) (Israeli support for Hamas) Israeli support for Hamas  Historical accounts note that Israel's encouragement of Islamist movements in Palestine long predated Hamas's takeover of Gaza, with Israeli authorities adopting a "divide-and-rule" strategy by supporting conservative and religious groups like the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Village_Leagues) (Palestinian Village Leagues) Palestinian Village Leagues [ 495]    and Sheikh Ahmed Yassin's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mujama_al-Islamiya) (Mujama al-Islamiya) al-Mujama al-Islami  [ 496]    [ 497]    to counter the secular (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Organization) (Palestine Liberation Organization) PLO . This strategy is documented in statements by several former Israeli figures, including Brigadier General Yitzhak Segev, who admitted to funding (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mujama_al-Islamiya) (Mujama al-Islamiya) al-Mujama al-Islami  at the request of Israeli authorities;[ 498]    former Civil Administration director (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efraim_Sneh) (Efraim Sneh) Efraim Sneh ;[ 499]    and former head of the Southern Command (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yitzhak_Mordechai) (Yitzhak Mordechai) Yitzhak Mordechai ,[ 500]    and Israeli professor (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avner_Cohen) (Avner Cohen) Avner Cohen .[ 501]     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu) (Benjamin Netanyahu) Benjamin Netanyahu had been Israel's prime minister for most of the two decades preceding the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_war) (Gaza war) Gaza war , and was criticized for having championed a policy of empowering Hamas in Gaza.[ 33]    [ 502]    [ 503]    [ 504]    This policy was part of a strategy to sabotage a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-state_solution) (Two-state solution) two-state solution by confining the Palestinian Authority to the West Bank and weakening it, and to demonstrate to the Israeli public and western governments that Israel has no partner for peace.[ 505]    [ 506]    This criticism was leveled by several Israeli officials, including former prime minister (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ehud_Barak) (Ehud Barak) Ehud Barak , and former head of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shin_Bet) (Shin Bet) Shin Bet security services (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuval_Diskin) (Yuval Diskin) Yuval Diskin .[ 505]    Saudi Arabia and the Palestinian Authority were also critical of Israel under Netanyahu allowing suitcases of Qatari money to be given to Hamas,[ 505]    in exchange for maintaining the ceasefire.[ 33]    An op-ed by Tal Schneider for the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Times_of_Israel) (Times of Israel) Times of Israel  reported after the Hamas attack that Netanyahu's policy to treat the Palestinian Authority as a burden and Hamas as an asset had "blown up in our faces".[ 33]      Qatar and Turkey  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   See also: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qatari_support_for_Hamas) (Qatari support for Hamas) Qatari support for Hamas and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_support_for_Hamas) (Turkish support for Hamas) Turkish support for Hamas  According to Middle East experts, now Hamas has two firm allies: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qatar) (Qatar) Qatar and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey) (Turkey) Turkey . Both give Hamas public and financial assistance estimated to be in the hundreds of millions of dollars.[ 442]    Qatar has transferred more than $1.8 billion to Hamas.[ 507]    Shashank Joshi, senior research fellow at the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_United_Services_Institute) (Royal United Services Institute) Royal United Services Institute , says that "Qatar also hosts Hamas's political bureau which includes Hamas leader Khaled Meshaal." Meshaal also visits Turkey frequently to meet with Turkish Prime Minister (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan) Recep Tayyip Erdoğan .[ 442]    Erdogan has dedicated himself to breaking Hamas out of its political and economic seclusion. On (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_television) (US television) US television , Erdogan said in 2012 that "I don't see Hamas as a terror organization. Hamas is a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_party) (Political party) political party ."[ 441]     Qatar has been called Hamas' most important financial backer and foreign ally.[ 507]    [ 508]    In 2007, Qatar was, with Turkey, the only country to back Hamas after the group ousted the Palestinian Authority from the Gaza Strip.[ 442]    The relationship between Hamas and Qatar strengthened in 2008 and 2009 when Khaled Meshaal was invited to attend the Doha Summit where he was seated next to the then Qatari Emir (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamad_bin_Khalifa_al-Thani) (Hamad bin Khalifa al-Thani) Hamad bin Khalifa al-Thani , who pledged $250 million to repair the damage caused by Israel in the Israeli war on Gaza.[ 443]    These events caused Qatar to become the main player in the "Palestinian issue". Qatar called Gaza's blockade unjust and immoral, which prompted the Hamas government in Gaza, including former Prime Minister (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismail_Haniyeh) (Ismail Haniyeh) Ismail Haniyeh , to thank Qatar for their "unconditional" support. Qatar then began regularly handing out political, material, humanitarian and charitable support for Hamas.[ 443]     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Numan_Kurtulmuş_İsmail_Heniye.jpeg)   Haniyeh (right) with former (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_and_Tourism_(Turkey)) (Ministry of Culture and Tourism (Turkey)) Turkish Minister of Culture and current (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speaker_of_the_Grand_National_Assembly) (Speaker of the Grand National Assembly) Speaker of the Grand National Assembly , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numan_Kurtulmuş) (Numan Kurtulmuş) Numan Kurtulmuş , 20 November 2012  In 2011, U.S. President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama) (Barack Obama) Barack Obama personally requested that Qatar, one of the U.S.'s most important Arab allies, provide a base for the Hamas leadership. At the time, the U.S. were seeking to establish communications with Hamas and believed that a Hamas office in Qatar would be easier to access than a Hamas bureau in Iran, the group's main backer.[ 509]    [ 510]     In 2012, Qatar's former Emir, Hamad bin Khalifa al-Thani, became the first head of state to visit Gaza under Hamas rule. He pledged to raise $400 million for reconstruction.[ 511]    Sources say that advocating for Hamas is politically beneficial to Turkey and Qatar because the Palestinian cause draws popular support amongst their citizens at home.[ 512]     Speaking in reference to Qatar's support for Hamas, during a 2015 visit to Palestine, Qatari official Mohammad al-Emadi, said Qatar is using the money not to help Hamas but rather the Palestinian people as a whole. He acknowledges that giving to the Palestinian people means using Hamas as the local contact. Emadi said, "You have to support them. You don't like them, don't like them. But they control the country, you know."[ 513]    Some argue that Hamas's relations with Qatar are putting Hamas in an awkward position because Qatar has become part of the regional Arab problem. Hamas says that having contacts with various Arab countries establishes positive relations which will encourage Arab countries to do their duty toward the Palestinians and support their cause by influencing public opinion in the Arab world.[ 443]    In March 2015, Hamas has announced its support of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia) (Saudi Arabia) Saudi Arabian -led (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabian-led_intervention_in_Yemen) (Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen) military intervention in Yemen against the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shia) (Shia) Shia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houthis) (Houthis) Houthis and forces loyal to former President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Abdullah_Saleh) (Ali Abdullah Saleh) Ali Abdullah Saleh .[ 514]    In a controversial deal, Israel's government under (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu) (Benjamin Netanyahu) Benjamin Netanyahu supported Qatar's payments to Hamas for many years, in the hope that it would turn Hamas into an effective counterweight to the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Authority) (Palestinian Authority) Palestinian Authority and prevent the establishment of a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_state) (Palestinian state) Palestinian state .[ 515]    [ 510]     In May 2018, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_president) (Turkish president) Turkish president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tweeted) (Tweeted) tweeted to the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Israel) (Prime Minister of Israel) Prime Minister of Israel (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu) (Benjamin Netanyahu) Benjamin Netanyahu that Hamas is not a terrorist organization but a resistance movement that defends the Palestinian homeland against an occupying power. During that period there were conflicts between Israeli troops and Palestinian protestors in the Gaza Strip, due to the decision of the United States to move (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embassy_of_the_United_States,_Israel) (Embassy of the United States, Israel) their embassy to Jerusalem .[ 516]    Also in 2018 the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_Security_Agency) (Israel Security Agency) Israel Security Agency accused (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SADAT_International_Defense_Consultancy) (SADAT International Defense Consultancy) SADAT International Defense Consultancy (a Turkish (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_military_company) (Private military company) private military company with connections to the Turkish government) of transferring funds to Hamas.[ 517]     In February 2020, Hamas leader (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismail_Haniyeh) (Ismail Haniyeh) Ismail Haniyeh met with Turkish President Erdoğan.[ 518]    On 26 July 2023, Haniyeh met with Erdoğan and Palestinian Authority President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmoud_Abbas) (Mahmoud Abbas) Mahmoud Abbas . Behind the meeting was Turkey's effort to reconcile (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatah) (Fatah) Fatah with Hamas.[ 519]    On 7 October 2023, the day of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_7_attacks) (October 7 attacks) attack on Israel , Haniyeh was in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul) (Istanbul) Istanbul , Turkey.[ 520]    On 21 October 2023, Haniyeh spoke with Erdoğan about the latest developments in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_war) (Gaza war) Gaza war and the current situation in Gaza.[ 521]    On 25 October 2023, Erdoğan said that Hamas was not a terrorist organisation but a liberation group fighting to protect Palestinian lands and people.[ 224]      United States  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   See also: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestine–United_States_relations) (Palestine–United States relations) Palestine–United States relations  In early 2025, the US' (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_Envoy_for_Hostage_Affairs) (Special Envoy for Hostage Affairs) Special Envoy for Hostage Affairs , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Boehler) (Adam Boehler) Adam Boehler , talked directly with Hamas in an attempt to secure the release of American hostages. Following these talks, Boehler said that Hamas had proposed a 5 to 10-year ceasefire and a full prisoner exchange, and told (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kan_11) (Kan 11) Kan News that he "does believe" that Hamas would not only lay down its weapons but also leave power in Gaza. He told (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox_News) (Fox News) Fox News that "Hamas is aiming for a long-term ceasefire. We discussed a cease-fire that includes Hamas disarming, staying out of politics, and ensuring they cannot harm Israel."[ 522]    Secretary of State (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marco_Rubio) (Marco Rubio) Marco Rubio told reporters that the talks were a "one-off situation in which our special envoy for hostages, whose job it is to get people released, had an opportunity to talk directly to someone who has control over these people and was given permission and encouraged to do so. He did so."[ 523]    According to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ynet) (Ynet) Ynet , since he was appointed, Boehler has made several "controversial" proposals, including everything from U.S. commando raids into Gaza "and hinting at the possibility of a long-term cease-fire ("hudna") between Hamas and Israel."[ 522]     In January 2026, the United States designated three national branches of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood) (Muslim Brotherhood) Muslim Brotherhood as terrorist organisations, citing an executive order directing a review of Brotherhood chapters and alleging that the Egyptian and Jordanian branches had provided financial and operational support to Hamas and related violent activities. The designations resulted in sanctions and asset freezes, and were justified by U.S. officials as part of broader efforts to counter networks alleged to support Hamas and similar militant groups.[ 524]    [ 525]    [ 526]       See also  (flag)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Palestine) (Portal:Palestine) Palestine portal   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg) (icon)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Politics) (Portal:Politics) Politics portal    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Do_you_condemn_Hamas%3F) (Do you condemn Hamas?) Do you condemn Hamas?  – Question in Israel–Palestine debates  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamastan) (Hamastan) Hamastan  – Term referring to Hamas administration of Gaza  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_Resistance_Movement) (Jewish Resistance Movement) Jewish Resistance Movement  – Alliance of armed groups (1945–1946)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Palestine) (List of political parties in Palestine) List of political parties in Palestine  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_war_crimes) (Palestinian war crimes) Palestinian war crimes    Notes   ↑   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_English) (British English) UK :  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English) (Help:IPA/English) /('h' in 'hi') h (/ə/: 'a' in 'about') ə (/ˈ/: primary stress follows) ˈ ('m' in 'my') m (/æ/: 'a' in 'bad') æ ('s' in 'sigh') s  /   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key) (Help:Pronunciation respelling key) (English pronunciation respelling) hə-MASS   , (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_English) (American English) US :  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English) (Help:IPA/English) /('h' in 'hi') h (/ə/: 'a' in 'about') ə (/ˈ/: primary stress follows) ˈ ('m' in 'my') m (/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father') ɑː ('s' in 'sigh') s  /   (//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/61/En-ca-Hamas.mp3?utm_source=en.wikipedia.org&utm_campaign=index&utm_content=original) (Play audio)      (/wiki/File:En-ca-Hamas.mp3) (File:En-ca-Hamas.mp3) ⓘ    (./Category:Pages_including_recorded_pronunciations)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key) (Help:Pronunciation respelling key) (English pronunciation respelling) hə-MAHSS   ;[ 24]    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_language) (Arabic language) Arabic : حماس , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic) (Romanization of Arabic) romanized :  (Arabic-language romanization) Ḥamās  (./Category:Articles_containing_Arabic-language_text)  , (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991)  IPA: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Arabic) (Help:IPA/Arabic) [ ħaˈmaːs]   (//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/df/LL-Q55633582_%28ajp%29-Mohammad-LPA-%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3.wav/LL-Q55633582_%28ajp%29-Mohammad-LPA-%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3.wav.mp3) (Play audio)      (/wiki/File:LL-Q55633582_(ajp)-Mohammad-LPA-%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3.wav) (File:LL-Q55633582 (ajp)-Mohammad-LPA-حماس.wav) ⓘ   (./Category:Pages_with_Arabic_IPA)  (./Category:Pages_including_recorded_pronunciations)  [ 25]      ↑   commonly (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_language) (Arabic language) Arabic : حركة حماس , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic) (Romanization of Arabic) romanized :  (Arabic-language romanization) Haraka Hamas  , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literal_translation) (Literal translation) lit.   ' Hamas Movement ' (./Category:Articles_containing_Arabic-language_text)  .   ↑   A two-thirds majority was required for the motion to pass. 87 voted in favour, 58 against, 32 abstained and 16 did not vote.[ 65]      ↑   Haniyeh at the time was the (overall) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_State_of_Palestine) (Prime Minister of the State of Palestine) Prime Minister of the State of Palestine but as such was dismissed[ 164]    by President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmoud_Abbas) (Mahmoud Abbas) Abbas in 2007; nevertheless he remained (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governance_of_the_Gaza_Strip) (Governance of the Gaza Strip) head of the Hamas government in the Gaza Strip .  ↑   His name has been spelled: Hussam al-Tawil,[ 196]    Hossam Al-Tawil, or Hosam al-Taweel.[ 197]      ↑   'In a 1995 lecture, Sheikh Jamil Hamami, a party to the foundation of Hamas and a senior member of its West Bank leadership, expounded the importance of Hamas' (Arabic-language romanization) dawa  infrastructure as the soil from which militancy would flower.'[ 285]      ↑   'Consistent attacks on army units by Hamas activists are as new as the use of anti-tank missiles against civilian homes by the Israeli military.'[ 260]      ↑   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Levitt) (Matthew Levitt) Matthew Levitt on the other hand claims that Hamas's welfare institutions act as a mere façade or front for the financing of terrorism, and dismisses the idea of two wings as a 'myth'.[ 333]    He cites Ahmed Yassin stating in 1998: "We can not separate the wing from the body. If we do so, the body will not be able to fly. Hamas is one body."[ 334]      ↑   'This ceasefire ended when Israel started targeting Hamas leaders for assassination in July 2003. Hamas retaliated with a suicide bombing in Israel on 19 August 2003, that killed 20 people, including 6 children. Since then Israelis have mounted an assassination campaign against the senior leadership of Hamas that has killed 13 Hamas members, including Ismail Abu Shanab, one of the most moderate leaders of Hamas. ... After each of these assassinations, Hamas has sent a suicide bomber into Israel in retaliation.'[ 347]      ↑   "In 2006, Norway explicitly distanced itself from the EU proscription regime, claiming that it was causing problems for its role as a 'neutral facilitator.'"[ 486]          References  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1327269900)   ↑   (https://web.archive.org/web/20201024231928/https://www.worldbulletin.net/palestine/hamas-founder-muhammad-taha-passed-away-h148243.html) "Hamas founder Muhammad Taha passed away" . World Bulletin. 12 November 2014. Archived from the original on 24 October 2020. Retrieved 19 October 2023 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Hamas+founder+Muhammad+Taha+passed+away&rft.date=2014-11-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldbulletin.net%2Fpalestine%2Fhamas-founder-muhammad-taha-passed-away-h148243.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)  (./Category:CS1:_unfit_URL)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Downs, Ray. (https://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2018/01/31/Hamas-leader-dead-after-accidental-gunshot-to-head/7131517379007/) "Hamas leader dead after 'accidental' gunshot to head" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Press_International) (United Press International) UPI  . (https://web.archive.org/web/20231207194243/https://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2018/01/31/Hamas-leader-dead-after-accidental-gunshot-to-head/7131517379007/) Archived from the original on 7 December 2023. Retrieved 31 January 2024 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=UPI&rft.atitle=Hamas+leader+dead+after+%27accidental%27+gunshot+to+head&rft.aulast=Downs&rft.aufirst=Ray&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.upi.com%2FTop_News%2FWorld-News%2F2018%2F01%2F31%2FHamas-leader-dead-after-accidental-gunshot-to-head%2F7131517379007%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   Abdelal 2016 , p. 122.  ↑   Dalloul 2017 .  ↑   Abu-Amr 1993 , p. 10.  ↑   Litvak 1998 , p. 151.  ↑   Barzak 2011 .  ↑   AFP 2019 .  1  2  3   Dalacoura 2012 , pp. 66–67.  ↑   Dunning 2016 , p. 270.  ↑   [ 9]    [ 10]      ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Klein, Menachem (2007). (Paid subscription required) (https://www.jstor.org/stable/4330419) "Hamas in Power"  . Middle East Journal . 61 (3): 442– 459. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) (Doi (identifier)) doi :(https://doi.org/10.3751%2F61.3.13) 10.3751/61.3.13 . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) (ISSN (identifier)) ISSN  (https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0026-3141) 0026-3141 . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) (JSTOR (identifier)) JSTOR  (https://www.jstor.org/stable/4330419) 4330419 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Journal&rft.atitle=Hamas+in+Power&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=442-459&rft.date=2007&rft.issn=0026-3141&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4330419%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3751%2F61.3.13&rft.aulast=Klein&rft.aufirst=Menachem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4330419&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  May, Tiffany (8 October 2023). (https://www.nytimes.com/2023/10/08/world/middleeast/hamas-military-gaza-explained.html) "A Quick Look at Hamas" . The New York Times . Retrieved 25 September 2024 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+Quick+Look+at+Hamas&rft.date=2023-10-08&rft.aulast=May&rft.aufirst=Tiffany&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2023%2F10%2F08%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fhamas-military-gaza-explained.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Maqdsi, Muhammad. (https://www.palestine-studies.org/sites/default/files/attachments/jps-articles/2538093.pdf) "Charter of the Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas) of Palestine" (PDF) . Palestine Studies . University of California Press. (https://web.archive.org/web/20240227022635/https://www.palestine-studies.org/sites/default/files/attachments/jps-articles/2538093.pdf) Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 February 2024. Retrieved 20 March 2024 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Palestine+Studies&rft.atitle=Charter+of+the+Islamic+Resistance+Movement+%28Hamas%29+of+Palestine&rft.aulast=Maqdsi&rft.aufirst=Muhammad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.palestine-studies.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fattachments%2Fjps-articles%2F2538093.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   [ 12]    [ 13]    [ 14]      ↑   Gelvin 2014 , p. 226: "As with Islamic political organizations elsewhere, Hamas offers its followers an ideology that appropriates the universal message of Islam for what is, in effect, a nationalist struggle."  ↑   [ 9]    [ 16]      ↑   Mishal & Sela 2006 .  ↑   Stepanova 2008 , p. 113.  ↑   Cheema 2008 , p. 465: "Hamas considers (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestine) (Palestine) Palestine the main front of jihad and viewed the uprising as an Islamic way of fighting the Occupation. The organisation's leaders argued that Islam gave the Palestinian people the power to confront Israel and described the Intifada as the return of the masses to Islam. Since its inception, Hamas has tried to reconcile nationalism and Islam. [...] Hamas claims to speak as a nationalist movement but with an Islamic-nationalist rather than a secular nationalist agenda."  ↑   Litvak 2004 , pp. 156–57: "Hamas is primarily a religious movement whose nationalist worldview is shaped by its religious ideology."  ↑   [ 9]    [ 19]    [ 20]    [ 21]      ↑   Halabi 2016 : "The failure of the Palestinian left in consolidating a counterweight to the right-wing Islamic Hamas or to the centrist Fatah, furthermore, left Palestinian voters with no viable alternative to Hamas or Fatah." Best et al. 2025 : "Indeed, more than anything, the Gaza Wars between 2006 and 2014 reflected that a modus vivendi had been reached between a right-wing Israeli government and a right-wing Hamas..." Mabon & Ardovini 2018 : "From a political perspective, Hamas ideologically leans more to a right-wing view in its political sense..."    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.oed.com/dictionary/hamas_n) "Hamas, n. meanings, etymology and more" . Oxford English Dictionary . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Hamas%2C+n.+meanings%2C+etymology+and+more&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oed.com%2Fdictionary%2Fhamas_n&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Taraki, Lisa (January–February 1989). (https://merip.org/1989/01/the-islamic-resistance-movement-in-the-palestinian-uprising/) "The Islamic Resistance Movement in the Palestinian Uprising" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_East_Report) (Middle East Report) Middle East Report  . No. 156. Tacoma, WA: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MERIP) (MERIP) MERIP . pp. 30– 32. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) (Doi (identifier)) doi :(https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3012813) 10.2307/3012813 . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) (ISSN (identifier)) ISSN  (https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0899-2851) 0899-2851 . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) (JSTOR (identifier)) JSTOR  (https://www.jstor.org/stable/3012813) 3012813 . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) (OCLC (identifier)) OCLC  (https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/615545050) 615545050 . (https://web.archive.org/web/20220201212246/https://merip.org/1989/01/the-islamic-resistance-movement-in-the-palestinian-uprising/) Archived from the original on 1 February 2022. Retrieved 1 February 2022 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Report&rft.atitle=The+Islamic+Resistance+Movement+in+the+Palestinian+Uprising&rft.issue=156&rft.pages=30-32&rft.date=1989-01%2F1989-02&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F615545050&rft.issn=0899-2851&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3012813%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3012813&rft.aulast=Taraki&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmerip.org%2F1989%2F01%2Fthe-islamic-resistance-movement-in-the-palestinian-uprising%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.dni.gov/nctc/ftos/hamas_fto.html) "HAMAS" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Counterterrorism_Center) (National Counterterrorism Center) National Counterterrorism Center  . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Director_of_National_Intelligence#Office_of_the_Director_of_National_Intelligence) (Director of National Intelligence) Director of National Intelligence#Office of the Director of National Intelligence . September 2022. (https://web.archive.org/web/20231101140852/https://www.dni.gov/nctc/ftos/hamas_fto.html) Archived from the original on 1 November 2023. Retrieved 4 February 2024 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Counterterrorism+Center&rft.atitle=HAMAS&rft.date=2022-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dni.gov%2Fnctc%2Fftos%2Fhamas_fto.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   Kear 2018 , p. 22.  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20231008152411/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/8/what-is-the-group-hamas-a-simple-guide-tothe-palestinian-group) "What is Hamas? A simple guide to the armed Palestinian group" . Al Jazeera . 8 October 2023. Archived from (https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/8/what-is-the-group-hamas-a-simple-guide-tothe-palestinian-group) the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 26 June 2024 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=What+is+Hamas%3F+A+simple+guide+to+the+armed+Palestinian+group&rft.date=2023-10-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F10%2F8%2Fwhat-is-the-group-hamas-a-simple-guide-tothe-palestinian-group&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/israel-security/2026-07-06/ty-article-live/israeli-civilians-tried-to-cross-into-syria-idf-says-amid-settlement-reports/0000019f-342c-d746-adff-ff6d69240000?liveBlogItemId=920670504#920670504) "Hamas says group-backed Gaza government resigns to hand power to Palestinian technocrats" . Haaretz . 6 July 2026. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Hamas+says+group-backed+Gaza+government+resigns+to+hand+power+to+Palestinian+technocrats&rft.date=2026-07-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fisrael-news%2Fisrael-security%2F2026-07-06%2Fty-article-live%2Fisraeli-civilians-tried-to-cross-into-syria-idf-says-amid-settlement-reports%2F0000019f-342c-d746-adff-ff6d69240000%3FliveBlogItemId%3D920670504%23920670504&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Cooper, Jonathan J.; Lee, Matthew; Amiri, Farnoush; Magdy, Samy (31 July 2026). (https://apnews.com/article/hamas-disarming-gaza-israel-trump-00bb7097ed6062b5a706471444709991) "Trump announces a deal for Hamas to disarm in Gaza, but many hurdles and uncertainty remain" . AP News . Retrieved 13 August 2026 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP+News&rft.atitle=Trump+announces+a+deal+for+Hamas+to+disarm+in+Gaza%2C+but+many+hurdles+and+uncertainty+remain&rft.date=2026-07-31&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=Jonathan+J.&rft.au=Lee%2C+Matthew&rft.au=Amiri%2C+Farnoush&rft.au=Magdy%2C+Samy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fhamas-disarming-gaza-israel-trump-00bb7097ed6062b5a706471444709991&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Higgins, Andrew (24 January 2009). (Paid subscription required) (https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB123275572295011847) "How Israel Helped to Spawn Hamas"  . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal) (The Wall Street Journal) The Wall Street Journal  . (https://web.archive.org/web/20090926212507/http://online.wsj.com/article/SB123275572295011847.html) Archived from the original on 26 September 2009. Retrieved 25 January 2023 . When Israel first encountered Islamists in Gaza in the 1970s and '80s, they seemed focused on studying the Quran, not on confrontation with Israel. The Israeli government officially recognized a precursor to Hamas called Mujama Al-Islamiya, registering the group as a charity. It allowed Mujama members to set up an Islamic university and build mosques, clubs and schools. Crucially, Israel often stood aside when the Islamists and their secular left-wing Palestinian rivals battled, sometimes violently, for influence in both Gaza and the West Bank. 'When I look back at the chain of events I think we made a mistake,' says David Hacham, who worked in Gaza in the late 1980s and early '90s as an Arab-affairs expert in the Israeli military. 'But at the time nobody thought about the possible results.' Israeli officials who served in Gaza disagree on how much their own actions may have contributed to the rise of Hamas. They blame the group's recent ascent on outsiders, primarily Iran. This view is shared by the Israeli government. 'Hamas in Gaza was built by Iran as a foundation for power, and is backed through funding, through training and through the provision of advanced weapons,' Mr. Olmert said last Saturday. Hamas has denied receiving military assistance from Iran.  (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=How+Israel+Helped+to+Spawn+Hamas&rft.date=2009-01-24&rft.aulast=Higgins&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2FSB123275572295011847&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Khalidi, Rashid (2020). The Hundred Years' War on Palestine . Metropolitan Books. p. 223. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-627-79855-6) (Special:BookSources/978-1-627-79855-6) 978-1-627-79855-6  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hundred+Years%27+War+on+Palestine&rft.pages=223&rft.pub=Metropolitan+Books&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1-627-79855-6&rft.aulast=Khalidi&rft.aufirst=Rashid&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    1  2  3  4   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.timesofisrael.com/for-years-netanyahu-propped-up-hamas-now-its-blown-up-in-our-faces/) "For years, Netanyahu propped up Hamas. Now it's blown up in our faces" . The Times of Israel . 8 October 2023. Retrieved 28 October 2023 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=For+years%2C+Netanyahu+propped+up+Hamas.+Now+it%27s+blown+up+in+our+faces&rft.date=2023-10-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Ffor-years-netanyahu-propped-up-hamas-now-its-blown-up-in-our-faces%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2006/1/26/hamas-wins-huge-majority) "Hamas wins huge majority" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English) (Al Jazeera English) Al Jazeera  . Retrieved 5 August 2024 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Hamas+wins+huge+majority&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2006%2F1%2F26%2Fhamas-wins-huge-majority&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  McGreal, Chris (27 January 2006). (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/jan/27/israel) "Hamas faces unexpected challenge: how to deal with power" . The Guardian . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) (ISSN (identifier)) ISSN  (https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077) 0261-3077 . Retrieved 5 August 2024 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Hamas+faces+unexpected+challenge%3A+how+to+deal+with+power&rft.date=2006-01-27&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=McGreal&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2006%2Fjan%2F27%2Fisrael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   Davis 2017 , pp. 67–69.  ↑   Mukhimer 2012 , pp. vii, 58.  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2012/country-chapters/israel/palestine) World Report 2012: Israel/Occupied Palestinian Territories  . Human Rights Watch. 22 January 2012. Retrieved 2 December 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Report+2012%3A+Israel%2FOccupied+Palestinian+Territories&rft.pub=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.date=2012-01-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fworld-report%2F2012%2Fcountry-chapters%2Fisrael%2Fpalestine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.unicef.org/mena/documents/gaza-strip-humanitarian-impact-15-years-blockade-june-2022) "The Gaza Strip | The humanitarian impact of 15 years of blockade – June 2022" . (https://web.archive.org/web/20240409204047/https://www.unicef.org/mena/documents/gaza-strip-humanitarian-impact-15-years-blockade-june-2022) Archived from the original on 9 April 2024. Retrieved 7 August 2024 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Gaza+Strip+%7C+The+humanitarian+impact+of+15+years+of+blockade+%E2%80%93+June+2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.unicef.org%2Fmena%2Fdocuments%2Fgaza-strip-humanitarian-impact-15-years-blockade-june-2022&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   Gelvin 2014 , p.  226   1  2  3   Seurat 2019 , pp.  17–19 : "Indeed, since 2006, Hamas has unceasingly highlighted its acceptance of the 1967 borders, as well as accords signed by the PLO and Israel. This position has been an integral part of reconciliation agreements between Hamas and Fatah since 2005: the Cairo Agreement in 2005, the Prisoners' Document in 2006, the Mecca Agreement in 2007 and finally the Cairo and Doha Agreements in 2011 and 2012."  1  2   Baconi 2018 , pp.  114–116 : "["Prisoners' Document"] enshrined many issues that had already been settled, including statehood on the 1967 borders; UN Resolution 194 for the right of return; and the right to resist within the occupied territories...This agreement was in essence a key text that offered a platform for unity between Hamas and Fatah within internationally defined principles animating the Palestinian struggle." *Roy 2013 , p.  210 : "Khaled Meshal, as chief of Hamas's Political Bureau in Damascus, as well as Hamas prime minister Ismail Haniyeh similarly confirmed the organization's willingness to accept the June 4, 1967, borders and a two-state solution should Israel withdraw from the occupied territories, a reality reaffirmed in the 2006 Palestinian Prisoners' Document, in which most major Palestinian factions had reached a consensus on a two-state solution, that is, a Palestinian state within 1967 borders including East Jerusalem and the refugee right of return."    1  2  3   Baconi 2018 , pp.  82 : "The Cairo Declaration formalized what Hamas's military disposition throughout the Second Intifada had alluded to: that the movement's immediate political goals were informed by the desire to create a Palestinian state on the 1967 borders."  1  2  3  4   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/5/2/hamas-accepts-palestinian-state-with-1967-borders) "Hamas accepts Palestinian state with 1967 borders: Khaled Meshaal presents a new document in which Hamas accepts 1967 borders without recognising state of Israel" . Al Jazeera. 2 May 2017. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Hamas+accepts+Palestinian+state+with+1967+borders%3A+Khaled+Meshaal+presents+a+new+document+in+which+Hamas+accepts+1967+borders+without+recognising+state+of+Israel&rft.date=2017-05-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2017%2F5%2F2%2Fhamas-accepts-palestinian-state-with-1967-borders&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   Sources that believe that Hamas' 2017 charter accepted the 1967 borders: (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Bjorn Brenner (2022). Gaza Under Hamas . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I._B._Tauris) (I. B. Tauris) I. B. Tauris . p. 206. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gaza+Under+Hamas&rft.pages=206&rft.pub=I.+B.+Tauris&rft.date=2022&rft.au=Bjorn+Brenner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_Ayoob) (Mohammed Ayoob) Mohammed Ayoob . The Many Faces of Political Islam, Second Edition . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Michigan_Press) (University of Michigan Press) University of Michigan Press . p. 133. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Many+Faces+of+Political+Islam%2C+Second+Edition&rft.pages=133&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.au=Mohammed+Ayoob&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Maria Koinova. Diaspora Entrepreneurs and Contested States . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press) (Oxford University Press) Oxford University Press . p. 150. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Diaspora+Entrepreneurs+and+Contested+States&rft.pages=150&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.au=Maria+Koinova&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)   Zartman 2020 , p.  230  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Asaf Siniver (ed.). Routledge Companion to the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Routledge+Companion+to+the+Israeli-Palestinian+Conflict&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)   Seurat 2019 , pp.  61–62     ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/9/what-does-israels-declaration-of-war-mean-for-palestinians-in-gaza) "What does Israel's declaration of war mean for Palestinians in Gaza?" . Al Jazeera. 9 October 2023. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=What+does+Israel%27s+declaration+of+war+mean+for+Palestinians+in+Gaza%3F&rft.date=2023-10-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F10%2F9%2Fwhat-does-israels-declaration-of-war-mean-for-palestinians-in-gaza&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/article-760004) "What will the Israeli-Palestinian conflict look like in 30 years?" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post) (The Jerusalem Post) The Jerusalem Post  . 22 September 2023. Even Hamas in 2017 said it was ready to accept a Palestinian state with 1967 borders if it is clear this is the consensus of the Palestinians.  (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=What+will+the+Israeli-Palestinian+conflict+look+like+in+30+years%3F&rft.date=2023-09-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2Fmiddle-east%2Farticle-760004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    1  2  3  4   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Scott Atran, Robert Axelrod (2008). (https://websites.umich.edu/~axe/negj0708.pdf) "Reframing Sacred Values" (PDF) . Negotiation Journal . 24 (3): 221– 246. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) (Doi (identifier)) doi :(https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1571-9979.2008.00182.x) 10.1111/j.1571-9979.2008.00182.x . (https://web.archive.org/web/20240121114409/https://websites.umich.edu/~axe/negj0708.pdf) Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 January 2024. Retrieved 20 March 2024 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Negotiation+Journal&rft.atitle=Reframing+Sacred+Values&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=221-246&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1571-9979.2008.00182.x&rft.au=Scott+Atran%2C+Robert+Axelrod&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwebsites.umich.edu%2F~axe%2Fnegj0708.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    1  2   Rane 2009 , p.  34 : Asher Susser, director of the Dayan Centre at Tel Aviv University, conveyed to me in an interview that "Hamas' 'hudna' is not significantly different from Sharon's 'long-term interim agreement." Similarly, Daniel Levy, a senior Israeli official for the Geneva Initiative (GI), informed me that certain Hamas officials find the GI acceptable, but due to the concerns about their Islamically oriented constituency and their own Islamic identity, they would "have to express the final result in terms of a "hudna," or "indefinite" ceasefire," rather than a formal peace agreement." Lybarger 2020 , p.  199 : Hamas too would signal a willingness to accept a long-term "hudna" (cessation of hostilities, truce) along the armistice lines of 1948 (an effective acceptance of the two-state formula). Dunning 2016 , pp.  179–180     1  2  3  4   Baconi 2018 , p.  108 : "Hamas's finance minister in Gaza stated that 'a long-term ceasefire as understood by Hamas and a two-state settlement are the same. It's just a question of vocabulary.'"  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  10   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Alsoos, Imad (2021). (https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00263206.2021.1897006) "From jihad to resistance: the evolution of Hamas's discourse in the framework of mobilization" . Middle Eastern Studies . 57 (5): 833– 856. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) (Doi (identifier)) doi :(Freely accessible) (https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00263206.2021.1897006) 10.1080/00263206.2021.1897006  . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) (S2CID (identifier)) S2CID  (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:234860010) 234860010 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+Eastern+Studies&rft.atitle=From+jihad+to+resistance%3A+the+evolution+of+Hamas%27s+discourse+in+the+framework+of+mobilization&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=833-856&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00263206.2021.1897006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A234860010%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Alsoos&rft.aufirst=Imad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1080%252F00263206.2021.1897006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Qossay Hamed (2023). Hamas in Power: The Question of Transformation . IGI Global. p. 161. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hamas+in+Power%3A+The+Question+of+Transformation&rft.pages=161&rft.pub=IGI+Global&rft.date=2023&rft.au=Qossay+Hamed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  HAMAS. (https://irp.fas.org/world/para/docs/hamas-2017.pdf) "Hamas 2017 Document of General Principles & Policies" (PDF) . Federation of American Scientists . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Federation+of+American+Scientists&rft.atitle=Hamas+2017+Document+of+General+Principles+%26+Policies&rft.au=HAMAS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Firp.fas.org%2Fworld%2Fpara%2Fdocs%2Fhamas-2017.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    1  2  3  4   Seurat 2019 , p. 17.  1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Amira, Hass (3 May 2017). (https://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/palestinians/2017-05-03/ty-article/.premium/why-hamas-new-charter-is-aimed-at-palestinians-not-israelis/0000017f-eabf-d0f7-a9ff-eeffc7ec0000) "Why Hamas' New Charter Is Aimed at Palestinians, Not Israelis" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haaretz) (Haaretz) Haaretz  . Retrieved 12 November 2024 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Why+Hamas%27+New+Charter+Is+Aimed+at+Palestinians%2C+Not+Israelis&rft.date=2017-05-03&rft.aulast=Amira&rft.aufirst=Hass&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fmiddle-east-news%2Fpalestinians%2F2017-05-03%2Fty-article%2F.premium%2Fwhy-hamas-new-charter-is-aimed-at-palestinians-not-israelis%2F0000017f-eabf-d0f7-a9ff-eeffc7ec0000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)  {{(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_news) (Template:Cite news) cite news }} :  CS1 maint: deprecated archival service ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_deprecated_archival_service) (Category:CS1 maint: deprecated archival service) link ) (./Category:CS1_maint:_deprecated_archival_service)    1  2  3   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Timea Spitka (2023). National and International Civilian Protection Strategies in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Springer_International_Publishing) (Springer International Publishing) Springer International Publishing . pp. 88– 89. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=National+and+International+Civilian+Protection+Strategies+in+the+Israeli-Palestinian+Conflict&rft.pages=88-89&rft.pub=Springer+International+Publishing&rft.date=2023&rft.au=Timea+Spitka&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    1  2  3   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.aljazeera.com/program/talk-to-al-jazeera/2017/5/6/khaled-meshaal-struggle-is-against-israel-not-jews) "Khaled Meshaal: Struggle is against Israel, not Jews" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English) (Al Jazeera English) Al-Jazeera . 6 May 2017. (https://web.archive.org/web/20231119044505/https://www.aljazeera.com/program/talk-to-al-jazeera/2017/5/6/khaled-meshaal-struggle-is-against-israel-not-jews) Archived from the original on 19 November 2023. Retrieved 19 November 2023 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Khaled+Meshaal%3A+Struggle+is+against+Israel%2C+not+Jews&rft.date=2017-05-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fprogram%2Ftalk-to-al-jazeera%2F2017%2F5%2F6%2Fkhaled-meshaal-struggle-is-against-israel-not-jews&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    1  2  3  4   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Hroub, Khaled (2017). (Paid subscription required) (https://www.jstor.org/stable/26378710) "A Newer Hamas? The Revised Charter"  . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal_of_Palestine_Studies) (Journal of Palestine Studies) Journal of Palestine Studies  . 46 (4 (184)): 100– 111. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) (Doi (identifier)) doi :(https://doi.org/10.1525%2Fjps.2017.46.4.100) 10.1525/jps.2017.46.4.100 . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) (ISSN (identifier)) ISSN  (https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0377-919X) 0377-919X . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) (JSTOR (identifier)) JSTOR  (https://www.jstor.org/stable/26378710) 26378710 . In a similar vein, Hamas's description of itself appears in a section titled "The Movement" that is couched in language quite different from the 1988 charter. Here, Hamas stresses the nationalist and resistance aspects of its purpose far more than the religious and pan-Islamic ones.  ... Framing the struggle in nationalist terms is not only a novel element of the 2017 document but it is repeatedly emphasized and clearly articulated.  ... Hamas makes plain that the "conflict is with the Zionist project, not with the Jews because of their religion...The new document offers a definitive framing of the struggle against Zionism and Israel as having nothing to do with religion.  ... In "The Position toward Occupation and Political Solutions," the document articulates a stance that reflects the movement's internal consensus on the two-state solution, that is, the creation of a Palestinian state along the 1967 lines.  ... The "Resistance and Liberation" portion of the new document is also quite different in its language from the 1988 charter and other past statements. Here, there is a clear assertion of the right to a national liberation struggle on the basis of international law."   (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Palestine+Studies&rft.atitle=A+Newer+Hamas%3F+The+Revised+Charter&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=4+%28184%29&rft.pages=100-111&rft.date=2017&rft.issn=0377-919X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F26378710%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1525%2Fjps.2017.46.4.100&rft.aulast=Hroub&rft.aufirst=Khaled&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F26378710&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Spoerl, Joseph S. (2020). (https://www.jstor.org/stable/26870795) "Parallels between Nazi and Islamist Anti-Semitism" . Jewish Political Studies Review . 31 (1/2). Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs: 210– 244. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) (ISSN (identifier)) ISSN  (https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0792-335X) 0792-335X . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) (JSTOR (identifier)) JSTOR  (https://www.jstor.org/stable/26870795) 26870795 . (https://web.archive.org/web/20240116061115/https://www.jstor.org/stable/26870795) Archived from the original on 16 January 2024. Retrieved 27 January 2024 . Strictly speaking, the Hamas Covenant of 1988 focused its anti-Semitic language on Zionists, for example, describing The Protocols of the Elders of Zion as the blueprint for the Zionist project (Article 32) and accusing the Zionists of aiming to "annihilate Islam" (Article 28). The May 2017 "Document" continues in this vein, albeit in somewhat less florid language, asserting that "the Zionist project does not target the Palestinian people alone; it is the enemy of the Arabic and Islamic Ummah posing a grave threat to its security and interests. It is also hostile to the Ummah's aspirations for unity, renaissance, and liberation and has been the major source of its troubles. The Zionist project also poses a danger to international security and peace and to mankind...." (#15). As in the 1988 Covenant, the 2017 "Document" merely takes all the classical tropes of anti-Semitism and focuses them on Zionism, noting that "it is the Zionists who constantly identify Judaism and the Jews with their own colonial project and illegal entity" (#16). In effect, Hamas is saying that it is at war with all Jews except those who are anti-Zionist, thus it is not anti-Semitic. This can hardly be regarded as a serious repudiation of anti-Semitism.  (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jewish+Political+Studies+Review&rft.atitle=Parallels+between+Nazi+and+Islamist+Anti-Semitism&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=1%2F2&rft.pages=210-244&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F26870795%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=0792-335X&rft.aulast=Spoerl&rft.aufirst=Joseph+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F26870795&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    1  2  3   Seurat 2022 , p. 88.  ↑   Baconi 2018 , p. 181.  1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Samuel Ramani (1 September 2015). (https://carnegieendowment.org/sada/2015/09/hamass-pivot-to-saudi-arabia?lang=en) "Hamas's Pivot to Saudi Arabia" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carnegie_Endowment_for_International_Peace) (Carnegie Endowment for International Peace) Carnegie Endowment for International Peace . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Hamas%27s+Pivot+to+Saudi+Arabia&rft.date=2015-09-01&rft.au=Samuel+Ramani&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcarnegieendowment.org%2Fsada%2F2015%2F09%2Fhamass-pivot-to-saudi-arabia%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   Seurat 2022 , p. 254.  ↑   Seurat 2022 , pp. 115, 214.  ↑   DW 2018 .  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20231028094106/https://press.un.org/en/2023/ga12548.doc.htm) "General Assembly Adopts Resolution Calling for Immediate, Sustained Humanitarian Truce Leading to Cessation of Hostilities between Israel, Hamas" . Meetings Coverage and Press Releases . United Nations. Archived from (https://press.un.org/en/2023/ga12548.doc.htm) the original on 28 October 2023. Retrieved 25 March 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Meetings+Coverage+and+Press+Releases&rft.atitle=General+Assembly+Adopts+Resolution+Calling+for+Immediate%2C+Sustained+Humanitarian+Truce+Leading+to+Cessation+of+Hostilities+between+Israel%2C+Hamas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpress.un.org%2Fen%2F2023%2Fga12548.doc.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Fassihi, Farnaz (7 December 2018). (https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-n-general-assembly-rejects-labeling-hamas-a-terrorist-group-1544148593) "U.S. Resolution Against Hamas Is Defeated in the United Nations" . Wall Street Journal . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) (ISSN (identifier)) ISSN  (https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0099-9660) 0099-9660 . Retrieved 13 December 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=U.S.+Resolution+Against+Hamas+Is+Defeated+in+the+United+Nations&rft.date=2018-12-07&rft.issn=0099-9660&rft.aulast=Fassihi&rft.aufirst=Farnaz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fu-n-general-assembly-rejects-labeling-hamas-a-terrorist-group-1544148593&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   Jefferis 2016 , p. 119.  ↑   Herzog 2006 , p. 84.  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/brief-history-gazas-centuries-war-2023-10-13/) "A brief history of Gaza's centuries of war" . Reuters . 4 April 2024. Retrieved 2 August 2025 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pool+of+8+foreign+journalists+allowed+into+Gaza&rft.date=2009-01-19&rft.aulast=Lefkovits&rft.aufirst=Etgar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.jpost.com%2Fservlet%2FSatellite%3Fcid%3D1232292897399%26pagename%3DJPost%2FJPArticle%2FShowFull&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/middle_east/article5558389.ece) "Israel withdraws its troops from Gaza" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110510005808/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/middle_east/article5558389.ece) Archived 10 May 2011 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)  Times Online   ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20231215-israel-social-security-data-reveals-true-picture-of-oct-7-deaths) "Israel social security data reveals true picture of Oct 7 deaths" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France_24) (France 24) France 24  . 15 December 2023. (https://web.archive.org/web/20231217222630/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20231215-israel-social-security-data-reveals-true-picture-of-oct-7-deaths) Archived from the original on 17 December 2023. Retrieved 4 January 2024 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=Israel+social+security+data+reveals+true+picture+of+Oct+7+deaths&rft.date=2023-12-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2Flive-news%2F20231215-israel-social-security-data-reveals-true-picture-of-oct-7-deaths&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Sherwood, Harriet (17 October 2023). (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/oct/16/israeli-hostages-hamas-gaza) "Hamas says 250 people held hostage in Gaza" . The Guardian . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Hamas+says+it+has+enough+Israeli+captives+to+free+all+Palestinian+prisoners&rft.au=Al+Jazeera+Staff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F10%2F7%2Fhamas-says-it-has-enough-israeli-captives-to-free-all-palestinian-prisoners&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/7/world-is-watching-fears-grow-of-a-massive-gaza-invasion-by-israel) "Fears of a ground invasion of Gaza grow as Israel vows 'mighty vengeance' " . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English) (Al Jazeera English) Al Jazeera . 7 October 2023. (https://web.archive.org/web/20231008024318/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/7/world-is-watching-fears-grow-of-a-massive-gaza-invasion-by-israel) Archived from the original on 8 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023 . 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(https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/hamas-chief-ismail-haniyeh-killed-iran-hamas-says-statement-2024-07-31/) "Hamas chief Ismail Haniyeh killed in Iran, Hamas says" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuters) (Reuters) Reuters  . Retrieved 2 August 2024 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Hamas+chief+Ismail+Haniyeh+killed+in+Iran%2C+Hamas+says&rft.date=2024-07-31&rft.aulast=Al-Mughrabi&rft.aufirst=Nidal&rft.au=Hafezi%2C+Parisa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fhamas-chief-ismail-haniyeh-killed-iran-hamas-says-statement-2024-07-31%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/clyl3yg7wzzo) "Behind the scenes as Hamas chose its new leader" . www.bbc.com . 8 August 2024. Retrieved 9 August 2024 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=How+Israel+killed+enemy+number+one+Yahya+Sinwar&rft.date=2024-10-17&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Graeme&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2Fczj9zzz8xm7o&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.wsj.com/world/middle-east/hamas-has-another-sinwar-and-hes-rebuilding-0a16031d) "Hamas Has Another Sinwar. And He's Rebuilding" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal) (The Wall Street Journal) The Wall Street Journal . 13 January 2025. Retrieved 14 January 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hamas+Has+Another+Sinwar.+And+He%27s+Rebuilding.&rft.pub=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.date=2025-01-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fhamas-has-another-sinwar-and-hes-rebuilding-0a16031d&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c4g9p33xd2go) "Hamas confirms death of military chief Mohammed Deif" . www.bbc.com . 30 January 2025. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=www.bbc.com&rft.atitle=Hamas+confirms+death+of+military+chief+Mohammed+Deif&rft.date=2025-01-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2Fc4g9p33xd2go&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Badshah, Nadeem; Ambrose, Tom; Lowe, Yohannes; Belam, Martin; Lamb, Kate; Livingstone, Helen (18 March 2025). (https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2025/mar/18/israel-gaza-live-blog-updates-air-strikes-strip-netanyahu-hamas?CMP=share_btn_url&page=with:block-67d947cb8f08d62d8e6fac79#block-67d947cb8f08d62d8e6fac79) "Israel strikes that shattered ceasefire 'just the beginning', Netanyahu says, after deadliest 24 hours in Gaza since 2023 – as it happened" . The Guardian . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) (ISSN (identifier)) ISSN  (https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077) 0261-3077 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Israel+strikes+that+shattered+ceasefire+%27just+the+beginning%27%2C+Netanyahu+says%2C+after+deadliest+24+hours+in+Gaza+since+2023+%E2%80%93+as+it+happened&rft.date=2025-03-18&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Badshah&rft.aufirst=Nadeem&rft.au=Ambrose%2C+Tom&rft.au=Lowe%2C+Yohannes&rft.au=Belam%2C+Martin&rft.au=Lamb%2C+Kate&rft.au=Livingstone%2C+Helen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2Flive%2F2025%2Fmar%2F18%2Fisrael-gaza-live-blog-updates-air-strikes-strip-netanyahu-hamas%3FCMP%3Dshare_btn_url%26page%3Dwith%3Ablock-67d947cb8f08d62d8e6fac79%23block-67d947cb8f08d62d8e6fac79&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Hasson, Nir (27 March 2025). (https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2025-03-27/ty-article-magazine/.premium/in-one-of-the-gaza-wars-darkest-nights-the-idf-killed-nearly-300-women-and-children/00000195-d949-da7e-adb7-f9d9e5760000) "In one of the Gaza war's darkest nights, the IDF killed nearly 300 women and children" . Haaretz . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=In+one+of+the+Gaza+war%27s+darkest+nights%2C+the+IDF+killed+nearly+300+women+and+children&rft.date=2025-03-27&rft.aulast=Hasson&rft.aufirst=Nir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fisrael-news%2F2025-03-27%2Fty-article-magazine%2F.premium%2Fin-one-of-the-gaza-wars-darkest-nights-the-idf-killed-nearly-300-women-and-children%2F00000195-d949-da7e-adb7-f9d9e5760000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Al Jazeera Staff. (https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/3/24/israeli-strike-on-gaza-hospital-kills-hamas-leader-teen-officials-say) "Israeli strike on Gaza hospital kills Hamas leader, teen, officials say" . Al Jazeera . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Israeli+strike+on+Gaza+hospital+kills+Hamas+leader%2C+teen%2C+officials+say&rft.au=Al+Jazeera+Staff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2025%2F3%2F24%2Fisraeli-strike-on-gaza-hospital-kills-hamas-leader-teen-officials-say&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c5yrl891j23o) "Israeli strikes kill Palestinians in tented area for displaced in Gaza" . www.bbc.com . 18 April 2025. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=www.bbc.com&rft.atitle=Israeli+strikes+kill+Palestinians+in+tented+area+for+displaced+in+Gaza&rft.date=2025-04-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2Fc5yrl891j23o&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.newsweek.com/hamas-leader-muhammad-sinwar-body-found-gaza-tunnels-2073748) "Hamas Leader Muhammad Sinwar's Body 'Found in Gaza Tunnels': Report" . Newsweek . 18 May 2025. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Newsweek&rft.atitle=Hamas+Leader+Muhammad+Sinwar%27s+Body+%27Found+in+Gaza+Tunnels%27%3A+Report&rft.date=2025-05-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsweek.com%2Fhamas-leader-muhammad-sinwar-body-found-gaza-tunnels-2073748&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c79e72vz70no) "Israel PM says Hamas's Gaza chief Mohammed Sinwar has been killed" . www.bbc.com . 28 May 2025. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=www.bbc.com&rft.atitle=Israel+PM+says+Hamas%27s+Gaza+chief+Mohammed+Sinwar+has+been+killed&rft.date=2025-05-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2Fc79e72vz70no&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c62veqrq3yzo) "Israel says it has found body of Hamas military leader Mohammed Sinwar" . www.bbc.com . 8 June 2025. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=www.bbc.com&rft.atitle=Israel+says+it+has+found+body+of+Hamas+military+leader+Mohammed+Sinwar&rft.date=2025-06-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2Fc62veqrq3yzo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cm214r5rd29o) "Hamas spokesman Abu Obeida killed in Gaza, Israel says" . BBC . 31 August 2025. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Hamas+spokesman+Abu+Obeida+killed+in+Gaza%2C+Israel+says&rft.date=2025-08-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2Fcm214r5rd29o&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/oct/09/first-phase-of-ceasefire-deal-to-end-war-in-gaza-agreed-by-israel-and-hamas) " 'First phase' of ceasefire deal to end war in Gaza agreed by Israel and Hamas" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian) (The Guardian) The Guardian  . 8 October 2025. Retrieved 8 October 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=%27First+phase%27+of+ceasefire+deal+to+end+war+in+Gaza+agreed+by+Israel+and+Hamas&rft.date=2025-10-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2025%2Foct%2F09%2Ffirst-phase-of-ceasefire-deal-to-end-war-in-gaza-agreed-by-israel-and-hamas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.wsj.com/world/middle-east/israel-says-cease-fire-has-begun-troops-start-withdrawing-from-parts-of-gaza-098b90dc) "Israel Says Cease-Fire Has Begun, Troops Withdraw From Parts of Gaza" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal) (The Wall Street Journal) The Wall Street Journal  . 10 October 2025. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Israel+Says+Cease-Fire+Has+Begun%2C+Troops+Withdraw+From+Parts+of+Gaza&rft.date=2025-10-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fisrael-says-cease-fire-has-begun-troops-start-withdrawing-from-parts-of-gaza-098b90dc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Kourdi, Eyad; Dahman, Ibrahim; Liebermann, Oren (6 July 2026). (https://www.cnn.com/2026/07/06/middleeast/hamas-dissolves-gaza-government-intl) "Hamas says it will dissolve Gaza government as US-brokered ceasefire plan stalls" . CNN . Retrieved 6 July 2026 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Hamas+says+it+will+dissolve+Gaza+government+as+US-brokered+ceasefire+plan+stalls&rft.date=2026-07-06&rft.aulast=Kourdi&rft.aufirst=Eyad&rft.au=Dahman%2C+Ibrahim&rft.au=Liebermann%2C+Oren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2026%2F07%2F06%2Fmiddleeast%2Fhamas-dissolves-gaza-government-intl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Shurafa, Wafaa; Magdy, Samy (6 July 2026). (https://apnews.com/article/israel-gaza-palestinians-hamas-war-government-146f9a609580d4c8c42ab35fbe60d5b3) "Hamas dissolves its government in Gaza to transfer power to a UN-backed committee" . Associated Press . Retrieved 6 July 2026 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&rft.atitle=Hamas+dissolves+its+government+in+Gaza+to+transfer+power+to+a+UN-backed+committee&rft.date=2026-07-06&rft.aulast=Shurafa&rft.aufirst=Wafaa&rft.au=Magdy%2C+Samy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fisrael-gaza-palestinians-hamas-war-government-146f9a609580d4c8c42ab35fbe60d5b3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/trump-says-board-peace-reaches-gaza-disarmament-deal-2026-07-30/) "Trump says 'Board of Peace' reaches Gaza disarmament deal" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuters) (Reuters) Reuters  . 31 July 2026. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Trump+says+%27Board+of+Peace%27+reaches+Gaza+disarmament+deal&rft.date=2026-07-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Ftrump-says-board-peace-reaches-gaza-disarmament-deal-2026-07-30%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    1  2  3   O'Malley 2015 , p. 118.  1  2  3   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Kear, Martin (2019). (https://www.routledge.com/Hamas-and-Palestine-The-Contested-Road-to-Statehood/Kear/p/book/9780367584450) Hamas and Palestine: The Contested Road to Statehood  (Hardcover) . Routledge. p. 217. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781138585416) (Special:BookSources/9781138585416) 9781138585416  . Without expressly stating as much, Hamas had agreed to 'respect' UNSC Resolutions 242 and 338, the once reviled Oslo Accords, and by extension, the problematic issue of Israel's existence. While Hamas had previously proposed hudnas with Israel, this was the first time that they had signed any Agreement that tacitly accepted that any future Palestinian state would only consist of the West Bank, the Gaza Strip, and East Jerusalem. After the Agreement, Meshaal reiterated Hamas's position concerning its understanding of what any prospective peace agreement with Israel would look like: that any Palestinian state should be established along the 1967 borders, with East Jerusalem as its capital, acknowledgement of the right of return for all Palestinian refugees, the dismantling of all West Bank settlements, and the complete withdrawal of all vestiges of Israeli rule (Tamimi 2009 : 261; Caridi 2012 : 248). This truncated version of any future Palestinian state was a key ideological concession from Hamas that finally brought it in line with Fatah, and more importantly, with the views of most of the Palestinian public.  (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hamas+and+Palestine%3A+The+Contested+Road+to+Statehood&rft.pages=217&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9781138585416&rft.aulast=Kear&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.routledge.com%2FHamas-and-Palestine-The-Contested-Road-to-Statehood%2FKear%2Fp%2Fbook%2F9780367584450&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    1  2  3  4  5   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Jacqueline S. Ismael; Tareq Y. Ismael; Glenn Perry (2011). Government and Politics of the Contemporary Middle East Continuity and Change . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routledge) (Routledge) Routledge . p. 67. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780415491440) (Special:BookSources/9780415491440) 9780415491440  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Government+and+Politics+of+the+Contemporary+Middle+East+Continuity+and+Change&rft.pages=67&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9780415491440&rft.au=Jacqueline+S.+Ismael&rft.au=Tareq+Y.+Ismael&rft.au=Glenn+Perry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    1  2  3  4   Brenner 2022 , p. 206.  1  2  3   Zartman 2020 , p. 230.  1  2   Mishal & Sela 2006 , pp. 109–110.  1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Burke, Paul; Elnakhala, Doaa'; Miller, Seumas (2021). Global Jihadist Terrorism: Terrorist Groups, Zones of Armed Conflict and National Counter-Terrorism Strategies . Edward Elgar Publishing. pp. 60– 61. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1800371309) (Special:BookSources/978-1800371309) 978-1800371309  . In response to accusations of contradicting Hamas's original charter, its leaders emphasised that this move is an intermediary one, until the liberation of the remainder of Palestine becomes more feasible  (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Global+Jihadist+Terrorism%3A+Terrorist+Groups%2C+Zones+of+Armed+Conflict+and+National+Counter-Terrorism+Strategies&rft.pages=60-61&rft.pub=Edward+Elgar+Publishing&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-1800371309&rft.aulast=Burke&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.au=Elnakhala%2C+Doaa%27&rft.au=Miller%2C+Seumas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Bar-On, Tamir; Bale, Jeffrey M. (2024). Fighting the Last War: Confusion, Partisanship, and Alarmism in the Literature on the Radical Right . Rowman & Littlefield. p. 145. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1793639387) (Special:BookSources/978-1793639387) 978-1793639387  . there is no doubt that ... Hamas is focused on ... destroying the 'Zionist entity'   (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fighting+the+Last+War%3A+Confusion%2C+Partisanship%2C+and+Alarmism+in+the+Literature+on+the+Radical+Right&rft.pages=145&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2024&rft.isbn=978-1793639387&rft.aulast=Bar-On&rft.aufirst=Tamir&rft.au=Bale%2C+Jeffrey+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Kumaraswamy, P. R. (2023). The Arab-Israeli conflict: a ringside view . London New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. pp. 224– 225. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781000871845) (Special:BookSources/9781000871845) 9781000871845  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Arab-Israeli+conflict%3A+a+ringside+view&rft.place=London+New+York&rft.pages=224-225&rft.pub=Routledge%2C+Taylor+%26+Francis+Group&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=9781000871845&rft.aulast=Kumaraswamy&rft.aufirst=P.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Hroub, Khaled (2010). "Hamas, Israel and Judaism". Hamas: A Beginner's Guide (2nd ed.). (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Martin's_Press) (St. Martin's Press) St. Martin's Press . p. 55. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781783714667) (Special:BookSources/9781783714667) 9781783714667  . Would Hamas ever recognize Israel and conclude peace agreements with it? It is not inconceivable that Hamas would recognize Israel. Hamas's pragmatism and its realistic approach to issues leave ample room for such a development. Yet most of the conditions that could create a conducive climate for such a step lie in the hands of the Israelis. As long as Israel refuses to acknowledge the basic rights of the Palestinian people in any end result based on the principle of a two-state solution, Hamas will find it impossible to recognize Israel.  (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hamas%2C+Israel+and+Judaism&rft.btitle=Hamas%3A+A+Beginner%27s+Guide&rft.pages=55&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9781783714667&rft.aulast=Hroub&rft.aufirst=Khaled&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.usip.org/publications/2009/06/hamas-ideological-rigidity-and-political-flexibility) "Hamas: Ideological Rigidity and Political Flexibility" . United States Institute of Peace . pp. 16– 18. Retrieved 2 November 2024 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+States+Institute+of+Peace&rft.atitle=Hamas%3A+Ideological+Rigidity+and+Political+Flexibility&rft.pages=16-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usip.org%2Fpublications%2F2009%2F06%2Fhamas-ideological-rigidity-and-political-flexibility&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)  {{(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_web) (Template:Cite web) cite web }} :  CS1 maint: deprecated archival service ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_deprecated_archival_service) (Category:CS1 maint: deprecated archival service) link ) (./Category:CS1_maint:_deprecated_archival_service)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2023-12-14/ty-article/top-hamas-official-suggests-recognizing-israel-following-official-plo-stance/0000018c-67e4-d798-adac-e7ef81fd0000) "Top Hamas Official Suggests Recognizing Israel, Following Official PLO Stance" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haaretz) (Haaretz) Haaretz  . 14 December 2023. Retrieved 2 November 2024 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Top+Hamas+Official+Suggests+Recognizing+Israel%2C+Following+Official+PLO+Stance&rft.date=2023-12-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fisrael-news%2F2023-12-14%2Fty-article%2Ftop-hamas-official-suggests-recognizing-israel-following-official-plo-stance%2F0000018c-67e4-d798-adac-e7ef81fd0000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8   Baconi 2018 , p. 230.  1  2  3   Beinart 2012 , p. 219, n.53.  1  2  3   Ayala H. Emmett, (https://books.google.com/books?id=7BazOwasdNMC&pg=PA101) Our Sisters' Promised Land: Women, Politics, and Israeli-Palestinian Coexistence,  (https://web.archive.org/web/20240320154534/https://books.google.com/books?id=7BazOwasdNMC&pg=PA101#v=onepage&q&f=false) Archived 20 March 2024 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)  University of Michigan Press, 2003 pp. 100–02.  1  2  3   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noam_Chomsky) (Noam Chomsky) Noam Chomsky , in Elliot N. Dorff, Danya Ruttenberg, Louis E Newman (eds.), (https://books.google.com/books?id=JgfA4moXzEoC&pg=PA26) Jewish Choices, Jewish Voices: War and National Security  (https://web.archive.org/web/20240320154452/https://books.google.com/books?id=JgfA4moXzEoC&pg=PA26#v=onepage&q&f=false) Archived 20 March 2024 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)  , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_Publication_Society) (Jewish Publication Society) Jewish Publication Society , 2010 pp. 26–27  1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.unsettledpod.com/episodes/2021/5/17/tareq-baconi-hamas-explained) "Tareq Baconi: Hamas, Explained" . UNSETTLED Podcast . 17 May 2021. 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(https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/126174/The%20Hudna%20-%20PRIO%20Policy%20Brief%2009-2010.pdf) "The Hudna: Hamas's Concept of a Long-Term Ceasefire" (PDF) . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_Research_Institute_Oslo) (Peace Research Institute Oslo) Peace Research Institute Oslo . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Hudna%3A+Hamas%27s+Concept+of+a+Long-Term+Ceasefire&rft.pub=Peace+Research+Institute+Oslo&rft.date=2010-10&rft.aulast=Tuastad&rft.aufirst=Dag&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.files.ethz.ch%2Fisn%2F126174%2FThe%2520Hudna%2520-%2520PRIO%2520Policy%2520Brief%252009-2010.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    1  2  3   Dr. Lorenzo Kamel, (https://www.haaretz.com/opinion/2014-08-05/ty-article/.premium/why-do-palestinians-in-gaza-support-hamas/0000017f-e4bd-d804-ad7f-f5ffb0490000) "Why do Palestinians in Gaza support Hamas?" , Haaretz , 5 August 2014  ↑   Slater 2020 , p. 285.  1  2  3  4   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Barak Ravid (14 November 2008). (https://web.archive.org/web/20151125215124/http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/in-2006-letter-to-bush-haniyeh-offered-compromise-with-israel-1.257213) "In 2006 letter to Bush, Haniyeh offered compromise with Israel" . Haaretz . Archived from (https://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/in-2006-letter-to-bush-haniyeh-offered-compromise-with-israel-1.257213) the original on 25 November 2015. Retrieved 18 March 2012 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=In+2006+letter+to+Bush%2C+Haniyeh+offered+compromise+with+Israel&rft.date=2008-11-14&rft.au=Barak+Ravid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fprint-edition%2Fnews%2Fin-2006-letter-to-bush-haniyeh-offered-compromise-with-israel-1.257213&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    1  2   Brenner 2022 , p. 36.  1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Amira Hass (9 November 2008). (https://web.archive.org/web/20171010124644/https://www.haaretz.com/news/haniyeh-hamas-willing-to-accept-palestinian-state-with-1967-borders-1.256915) "Hamas willing to accept Palestinian state with 1967 borders" . Haaretz . Archived from (https://www.haaretz.com/news/haniyeh-hamas-willing-to-accept-palestinian-state-with-1967-borders-1.256915) the original on 10 October 2017. Retrieved 16 April 2014 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Hamas+willing+to+accept+Palestinian+state+with+1967+borders&rft.date=2008-11-09&rft.au=Amira+Hass&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fnews%2Fhaniyeh-hamas-willing-to-accept-palestinian-state-with-1967-borders-1.256915&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   Baconi 2018 , p. 108" Hamas's finance minister in Gaza stated that "a long-term ceasefire as understood by Hamas and a two-state settlement are the same. It's just a question of vocabulary.""  ↑   Seurat 2022 , p. 15.  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Erlanger, Steven (1 April 2008). (https://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/01/world/middleeast/01hamas.html) "In Gaza, Hamas's Insults to Jews Complicate Peace" . The New York Times . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) (ISSN (identifier)) ISSN  (https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) 0362-4331 . Retrieved 4 August 2024 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=In+Gaza%2C+Hamas%27s+Insults+to+Jews+Complicate+Peace&rft.date=2008-04-01&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Erlanger&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F04%2F01%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2F01hamas.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   Baconi 2018 , p. 32.  1  2   Seurat 2022 , p. 50.  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Usher, Graham (1 April 2006). (Paid subscription required) (https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1525/jps.2006.35.3.20) "The Democratic Resistance : Hamas, Fatah, and the Palestinian Elections"  . Journal of Palestine Studies . 35 (3): 20– 36. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) (Doi (identifier)) doi :(https://doi.org/10.1525%2Fjps.2006.35.3.20) 10.1525/jps.2006.35.3.20 . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) (ISSN (identifier)) ISSN  (https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0377-919X) 0377-919X . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Palestine+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Democratic+Resistance+%3A+Hamas%2C+Fatah%2C+and+the+Palestinian+Elections&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=20-36&rft.date=2006-04-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1525%2Fjps.2006.35.3.20&rft.issn=0377-919X&rft.aulast=Usher&rft.aufirst=Graham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1525%2Fjps.2006.35.3.20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Younes, Ali. (https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2017/5/2/meshaal-we-want-to-restore-our-national-rights) "Meshaal: Hamas is not a rigid ideological organisation" . Al Jazeera . Retrieved 11 February 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Meshaal%3A+Hamas+is+not+a+rigid+ideological+organisation&rft.aulast=Younes&rft.aufirst=Ali&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Ffeatures%2F2017%2F5%2F2%2Fmeshaal-we-want-to-restore-our-national-rights&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Baconi, Tareq; Denvir, Daniel. (https://jacobin.com/2023/11/hamas-israel-palestine-gaza-history-decolonization-violence) "How Hamas Became the Violent Face of Palestinian Resistance" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacobin) (Jacobin) Jacobin  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jacobin&rft.atitle=How+Hamas+Became+the+Violent+Face+of+Palestinian+Resistance&rft.aulast=Baconi&rft.aufirst=Tareq&rft.au=Denvir%2C+Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjacobin.com%2F2023%2F11%2Fhamas-israel-palestine-gaza-history-decolonization-violence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noam_Chomsky) (Noam Chomsky) Chomsky, Noam ; (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilan_Pappé) (Ilan Pappé) Pappé, Ilan (2010). Gaza in Crisis: Reflections on Israel's War against the Palestinians . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haymarket_Books) (Haymarket Books) Haymarket Books (published 9 November 2010). pp. 16, 168– 169. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60846-097-7) (Special:BookSources/978-1-60846-097-7) 978-1-60846-097-7  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gaza+in+Crisis%3A+Reflections+on+Israel%27s+War+against+the+Palestinians&rft.pages=16%2C+168-169&rft.pub=Haymarket+Books&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-60846-097-7&rft.aulast=Chomsky&rft.aufirst=Noam&rft.au=Papp%C3%A9%2C+Ilan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noam_Chomsky) (Noam Chomsky) Chomsky, Noam ; (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilan_Pappé) (Ilan Pappé) Pappé, Ilan (2015). On Palestine (Paperback ed.). (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haymarket_Books) (Haymarket Books) Haymarket Books . pp. 147– 148. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781608464708) (Special:BookSources/9781608464708) 9781608464708  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+Palestine&rft.pages=147-148&rft.edition=Paperback&rft.pub=Haymarket+Books&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9781608464708&rft.aulast=Chomsky&rft.aufirst=Noam&rft.au=Papp%C3%A9%2C+Ilan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Khalidi, Rashid (22 November 2023). (https://www.thenation.com/article/world/its-time-to-confront-israels-version-of-from-the-river-to-the-sea/) "It's Time to Confront Israel's Version of "From the River to the Sea" " . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) (ISSN (identifier)) ISSN  (https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0027-8378) 0027-8378 . Retrieved 11 February 2025 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Extra%21&rft.atitle=Nixed+Signals&rft.date=2006-09%2F2006-10&rft.au=Seth+Ackerman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffair.org%2Fextra%2Fnixed-signals%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Sumantra Bose. Contested Lands: Israel-Palestine, Kashmir, Bosnia, Cyprus, and Sri Lanka . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_University_Press) (Harvard University Press) Harvard University Press . p. 283. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Contested+Lands%3A+Israel-Palestine%2C+Kashmir%2C+Bosnia%2C+Cyprus%2C+and+Sri+Lanka&rft.pages=283&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.au=Sumantra+Bose&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/5052288.stm) Abbas risks all with vote strategy  (https://web.archive.org/web/20231027111839/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/5052288.stm) Archived 27 October 2023 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)  . Roger Hardy, BBC, 8 June 2006  ↑   Seurat 2019 , p.  47   ↑   Seurat 2019 , p. 199.  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  SCOTT ATRAN (17 August 2006). "Is Hamas Ready to Deal?". (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_Times) (New York Times) New York Times  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Is+Hamas+Ready+to+Deal%3F&rft.date=2006-08-17&rft.au=SCOTT+ATRAN&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   Seurat 2019 , p. 49.  ↑   Seurat 2019 , p. 50.  1  2   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English) (Al Jazeera English) Al Jazeera English , (http://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2008/04/2008615098393788.html) "Hamas ready to accept 1967 borders" (https://web.archive.org/web/20200922035242/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2008/04/2008615098393788.html) Archived 22 September 2020 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)  . 22 April 2008.  1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7791100.stm) "Hamas declares Israel truce over" , BBC News , 22 December 2008, (https://web.archive.org/web/20090118015406/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/7791100.stm) archived from the original on 18 January 2009, retrieved 3 January 2010  (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Hamas+declares+Israel+truce+over&rft.date=2008-12-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fmiddle_east%2F7791100.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Jacobs, Phil (30 December 2008), (https://web.archive.org/web/20090115020744/http://www.jewishtimes.com/index.php/jewishtimes/news/jt/cover_story/tipping_point/9631) "Tipping Point After years of rocket attacks, Israel finally says, 'Enough!' " , Baltimore Jewish Times , archived from (http://www.jewishtimes.com/index.php/jewishtimes/news/jt/cover_story/tipping_point/9631) the original on 15 January 2009, retrieved 7 January 2009  (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Baltimore+Jewish+Times&rft.atitle=Tipping+Point+After+years+of+rocket+attacks%2C+Israel+finally+says%2C+%27Enough%21%27&rft.date=2008-12-30&rft.aulast=Jacobs&rft.aufirst=Phil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishtimes.com%2Findex.php%2Fjewishtimes%2Fnews%2Fjt%2Fcover_story%2Ftipping_point%2F9631&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Yoav Segev (22 September 2009). (https://web.archive.org/web/20131008015926/http://www.haaretz.com/news/haniyeh-to-un-chief-hamas-accepts-palestinian-state-in-67-borders-1.7460) "Haniyeh to UN chief: Hamas accepts Palestinian state in '67 borders" . Haaretz . Archived from (https://www.haaretz.com/news/haniyeh-to-un-chief-hamas-accepts-palestinian-state-in-67-borders-1.7460) the original on 8 October 2013. Retrieved 25 February 2012 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Haniyeh+to+UN+chief%3A+Hamas+accepts+Palestinian+state+in+%2767+borders&rft.date=2009-09-22&rft.au=Yoav+Segev&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fnews%2Fhaniyeh-to-un-chief-hamas-accepts-palestinian-state-in-67-borders-1.7460&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6754499.stm) "Abbas sacks Hamas-led government" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_News) (BBC News) BBC News  . 14 June 2007. (https://web.archive.org/web/20070827140345/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/6754499.stm) Archived from the original on 27 August 2007. Retrieved 14 June 2007 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Abbas+sacks+Hamas-led+government&rft.date=2007-06-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fmiddle_east%2F6754499.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Beinart) (Peter Beinart) Peter Beinart , (https://books.google.com/books?id=v0U1fjErMGkC&pg=PT231) The Crisis of Zionism,  (https://web.archive.org/web/20240320153321/https://books.google.com/books?id=v0U1fjErMGkC&pg=PT231#v=onepage&q&f=false) Archived 20 March 2024 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)  Melbourne University Press 2012, p. 219. Statement of Mashal in May 2010: 'If Israel withdraws to the borders of 1967, it doesn't mean that it gives us back all the land of the Palestinians. But we do consider this as an acceptable solution to have a Palestinian state on the borders of 1967... the Palestinian state will have a referendum and the Palestinian people will decide. We in Hamas will respect the decision of the Palestinian majority.' Haniyeh in November 2010: 'We accept a Palestinian state on the borders of 1967, with Jerusalem as its capital, the release of Palestinian prisoners, and the resolution of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_refugees#Palestinian_views) (Palestinian refugees) the issue of refugees .... Hamas will respect the results (of a referendum) regardless of whether it differs with its ideology and principles.' (Beinart refers to the original sources of those statements, respectively (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_Affairs_(magazine)) (Current Affairs (magazine)) Current Affairs  28 May 2010 and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haaretz) (Haaretz) Haaretz  1 December 2010.)  1  2   David Whitten, Smith, Elizabeth Geraldine Burr, (https://books.google.com/books?id=5v-iBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA250) Understanding World Religions: A Road Map for Justice and Peace  (https://web.archive.org/web/20240320153330/https://books.google.com/books?id=5v-iBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA250#v=onepage&q&f=false) Archived 20 March 2024 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)  , Rowman & Littlefield, 2014 p. 250  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.haaretz.com/2010-12-01/ty-article/hamas-vows-to-honor-palestinian-referendum-on-peace-with-israel/0000017f-dc0e-df62-a9ff-dcdf3b070000) "Hamas Vows to Honor Palestinian Referendum on Peace with Israel: Islamist Leader Ismail Haniyeh Says He Would Accept a Deal with Israel Based on 1967 Borders and Denies that Gaza has Become a Stronghold for Al-Qaida" . Haaretz . Reuters. 1 December 2010. (https://web.archive.org/web/20151015233322/http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/hamas-vows-to-honor-palestinian-referendum-on-peace-with-israel-1.328234) Archived from the original on 15 October 2015. Retrieved 25 February 2012 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Hamas+Vows+to+Honor+Palestinian+Referendum+on+Peace+with+Israel%3A+Islamist+Leader+Ismail+Haniyeh+Says+He+Would+Accept+a+Deal+with+Israel+Based+on+1967+Borders+and+Denies+that+Gaza+has+Become+a+Stronghold+for+Al-Qaida&rft.date=2010-12-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2F2010-12-01%2Fty-article%2Fhamas-vows-to-honor-palestinian-referendum-on-peace-with-israel%2F0000017f-dc0e-df62-a9ff-dcdf3b070000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (http://peacemaker.un.org/node/463) Text of the Hamas-Fatah Agreement, made in Cairo on 3 May 2011. . Website peacemaker.un.org. Retrieved 21 February 2024.  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Ben Zion, Ilan (14 March 2012). (https://www.timesofisrael.com/37526/) "The eye of the Islamic Jihad storm" . The Times of Israel . (https://web.archive.org/web/20231010155019/https://www.timesofisrael.com/37526/) Archived from the original on 10 October 2023. Retrieved 9 October 2023 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=The+eye+of+the+Islamic+Jihad+storm&rft.date=2012-03-14&rft.aulast=Ben+Zion&rft.aufirst=Ilan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2F37526%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Tracy) (Marc Tracy) Tracy, Marc (12 March 2012). (http://www.tabletmag.com/scroll/93795/terrorist-killing-prompts-gaza-rocket-exchange/) "Terrorist Killing Prompts Gaza Rocket Exchange" . Tablet Magazine . (https://web.archive.org/web/20120402114940/http://www.tabletmag.com/scroll/93795/terrorist-killing-prompts-gaza-rocket-exchange/) Archived from the original on 2 April 2012. Retrieved 31 March 2012 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tablet+Magazine&rft.atitle=Terrorist+Killing+Prompts+Gaza+Rocket+Exchange&rft.date=2012-03-12&rft.aulast=Tracy&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tabletmag.com%2Fscroll%2F93795%2Fterrorist-killing-prompts-gaza-rocket-exchange%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Qiblawi, Tamara; Dewan, Angela; Register, Larry (1 May 2017). (https://edition.cnn.com/2017/05/01/middleeast/hamas-charter-palestinian-israeli/) "Hamas presents new policy document" . CNN . Retrieved 11 February 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Hamas+presents+new+policy+document&rft.date=2017-05-01&rft.aulast=Qiblawi&rft.aufirst=Tamara&rft.au=Dewan%2C+Angela&rft.au=Register%2C+Larry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2017%2F05%2F01%2Fmiddleeast%2Fhamas-charter-palestinian-israeli%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Schulz, Michael (2020). (https://books.google.com/books?id=4WQGEAAAQBAJ) Between Resistance, Sharia Law, and Demo-Islamic Politics  . Rowman & Littlefield. p. 70. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5381-4610-1) (Special:BookSources/978-1-5381-4610-1) 978-1-5381-4610-1  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Between+Resistance%2C+Sharia+Law%2C+and+Demo-Islamic+Politics&rft.pages=70&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1-5381-4610-1&rft.aulast=Schulz&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4WQGEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Al-Mughrabi, Nidal (10 May 2017). (https://www.reuters.com/article/world/leading-hamas-official-says-no-softened-stance-toward-israel-idUSKBN1862O4/) "Leading Hamas official says no softened stance toward Israel" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuters) (Reuters) Reuters  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Leading+Hamas+official+says+no+softened+stance+toward+Israel&rft.date=2017-05-10&rft.aulast=Al-Mughrabi&rft.aufirst=Nidal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fworld%2Fleading-hamas-official-says-no-softened-stance-toward-israel-idUSKBN1862O4%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    1  2   Seurat 2022 , p. 62.  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.nzz.ch/english/in-gaza-hamas-rules-as-egypt-and-israel-maintain-their-blockades-ld.1653551) "Suffering, dreaming and forgetting in Gaza" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neue_Zürcher_Zeitung) (Neue Zürcher Zeitung) Neue Zürcher Zeitung . 4 November 2021. (https://web.archive.org/web/20240408100154/https://www.nzz.ch/english/in-gaza-hamas-rules-as-egypt-and-israel-maintain-their-blockades-ld.1653551) Archived from the original on 8 April 2024. Retrieved 8 April 2024 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Suffering%2C+dreaming+and+forgetting+in+Gaza&rft.date=2021-11-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzz.ch%2Fenglish%2Fin-gaza-hamas-rules-as-egypt-and-israel-maintain-their-blockades-ld.1653551&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2024-04-05/ty-article-magazine/.highlight/hamas-actually-believed-it-would-conquer-israel-and-divided-it-into-cantons/0000018e-ab4a-dc42-a3de-abfad6fe0000) "Hamas Actually Believed It Would Conquer Israel. In Preparation, It Divided the Country Into Cantons" . Haaretz. 5 April 2024. (https://web.archive.org/web/20240407224539/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2024-04-05/ty-article-magazine/.highlight/hamas-actually-believed-it-would-conquer-israel-and-divided-it-into-cantons/0000018e-ab4a-dc42-a3de-abfad6fe0000) Archived from the original on 7 April 2024. Retrieved 8 April 2024 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Hamas+Actually+Believed+It+Would+Conquer+Israel.+In+Preparation%2C+It+Divided+the+Country+Into+Cantons&rft.date=2024-04-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fisrael-news%2F2024-04-05%2Fty-article-magazine%2F.highlight%2Fhamas-actually-believed-it-would-conquer-israel-and-divided-it-into-cantons%2F0000018e-ab4a-dc42-a3de-abfad6fe0000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://lusailnews.net/media/video/27/07/2020/%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1-%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%84-%D9%87%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A-%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9-%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3) "حوار مع إسماعيل هنية ، رئيس المكتب السياسي لحركة حماس" (in Arabic). Lusail news. 27 July 2020. Retrieved 13 October 2024 . 11:40  (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1+%D9%85%D8%B9+%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%84+%D9%87%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D8%8C+%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A8+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A+%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9+%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3&rft.date=2020-07-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flusailnews.net%2Fmedia%2Fvideo%2F27%2F07%2F2020%2F%25D8%25AD%25D9%2588%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1-%25D9%2585%25D8%25B9-%25D8%25A5%25D8%25B3%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B9%25D9%258A%25D9%2584-%25D9%2587%25D9%2586%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A6%25D9%258A%25D8%25B3-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2585%25D9%2583%25D8%25AA%25D8%25A8-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25B3%25D9%258A%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B3%25D9%258A-%25D9%2584%25D8%25AD%25D8%25B1%25D9%2583%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25AD%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)  (./Category:CS1_Arabic-language_sources_(ar))    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2023/11/12/hamas-planning-terror-gaza-israel/) "Hamas envisioned deeper attacks, aiming to provoke an Israeli war" . The Washington Post . 13 November 2023. (https://web.archive.org/web/20231113024604/http://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/2023/11/12/hamas-planning-terror-gaza-israel/) Archived from the original on 13 November 2023. Retrieved 4 December 2023 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Hamas+envisioned+deeper+attacks%2C+aiming+to+provoke+an+Israeli+war&rft.date=2023-11-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnational-security%2F2023%2F11%2F12%2Fhamas-planning-terror-gaza-israel%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Bisset, Victoria; Ledur, Júlia; Shapiro, Leslie; Javaid, Maham (26 November 2024). (https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/interactive/hamas-hostages-israel-war-gaza/) "Hamas took 251 hostages from Israel into Gaza. What happened to them?" . Washington Post . Retrieved 20 April 2026 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Hamas+took+251+hostages+from+Israel+into+Gaza.+What+happened+to+them%3F&rft.date=2024-11-26&rft.aulast=Bisset&rft.aufirst=Victoria&rft.au=Ledur%2C+J%C3%BAlia&rft.au=Shapiro%2C+Leslie&rft.au=Javaid%2C+Maham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Finteractive%2Fhamas-hostages-israel-war-gaza%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Graham-Harrison, Emma; Abraham, Yuval (21 August 2025). (https://www.theguardian.com/world/ng-interactive/2025/aug/21/revealed-israeli-militarys-own-data-indicates-civilian-death-rate-of-83-in-gaza-war) "Revealed: Israeli military's own data indicates civilian death rate of 83% in Gaza war" . The Guardian . Retrieved 22 August 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Revealed%3A+Israeli+military%27s+own+data+indicates+civilian+death+rate+of+83%25+in+Gaza+war&rft.date=2025-08-21&rft.aulast=Graham-Harrison&rft.aufirst=Emma&rft.au=Abraham%2C+Yuval&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2Fng-interactive%2F2025%2Faug%2F21%2Frevealed-israeli-militarys-own-data-indicates-civilian-death-rate-of-83-in-gaza-war&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Martin, Clémence. (https://web.archive.org/web/20240615090732/https://www.liberation.fr/checknews/israel-na-pas-sa-place-sur-notre-terre-qui-est-ghazi-hamad-la-voix-du-hamas-depuis-le-massacre-du-7-octobre-20231103_Z6ZD7UK24JBYVAHSCDKYYS5K7Y/) " "Israël n'a pas sa place sur notre terre" : qui est Ghazi Hamad, la "voix du Hamas" depuis le massacre du 7 octobre ?" [ 'Israel has no place on our land': who is Ghazi Hamad, the 'voice of Hamas' since the October 7 massacre?] . Libération (in French). Archived from (https://www.liberation.fr/checknews/israel-na-pas-sa-place-sur-notre-terre-qui-est-ghazi-hamad-la-voix-du-hamas-depuis-le-massacre-du-7-octobre-20231103_Z6ZD7UK24JBYVAHSCDKYYS5K7Y/) the original on 15 June 2024. Retrieved 6 November 2023 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Lib%C3%A9ration&rft.atitle=%22Isra%C3%ABl+n%27a+pas+sa+place+sur+notre+terre%22+%3A+qui+est+Ghazi+Hamad%2C+la+%22voix+du+Hamas%22+depuis+le+massacre+du+7+octobre+%3F&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Cl%C3%A9mence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.liberation.fr%2Fchecknews%2Fisrael-na-pas-sa-place-sur-notre-terre-qui-est-ghazi-hamad-la-voix-du-hamas-depuis-le-massacre-du-7-octobre-20231103_Z6ZD7UK24JBYVAHSCDKYYS5K7Y%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)  (./Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr))    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Leifer, Joshua (21 March 2024). (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/mar/21/what-is-the-real-hamas) "What is the real Hamas?" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian) (The Guardian) The Guardian  . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) (ISSN (identifier)) ISSN  (https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077) 0261-3077 . Retrieved 27 April 2024 . He [Hamad] said that "Al-Aqsa Flood", Hamas's name for its armed offensive, "is just the first time, and there will be a second, a third, a fourth". Once considered a thoughtful observer of Palestinian politics, Hamad now declared that "nobody should blame us for what we do – on 7 October, on 10 October, on October 1,000,000. Everything we do is justified."   (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=What+is+the+real+Hamas%3F&rft.date=2024-03-21&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Leifer&rft.aufirst=Joshua&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2024%2Fmar%2F21%2Fwhat-is-the-real-hamas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Pacchiani, Gianluca (1 November 2023). (https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/hamas-official-says-group-will-repeat-oct-7-attack-twice-and-three-times-to-destroy-israel/) "Hamas official says group will repeat Oct. 7 attack 'twice and three times' to destroy Israel" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Times_of_Israel) (Times of Israel) Times of Israel  . (https://web.archive.org/web/20240307141412/https://www.timesofisrael.com/liveblog_entry/hamas-official-says-group-will-repeat-oct-7-attack-twice-and-three-times-to-destroy-israel/) Archived from the original on 7 March 2024. Retrieved 17 February 2024 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Hamas+official+says+group+will+repeat+Oct.+7+attack+%27twice+and+three+times%27+to+destroy+Israel&rft.date=2023-11-01&rft.aulast=Pacchiani&rft.aufirst=Gianluca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fliveblog_entry%2Fhamas-official-says-group-will-repeat-oct-7-attack-twice-and-three-times-to-destroy-israel%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/58/1262/511435/War-on-Gaza/War-on-Gaza/Haniyeh-says-Hamas-ready-for-negotiations-on-a-two.aspx) "Haniyeh says Hamas ready for negotiations on a two-state solution if Israel stops war on Gaza" . Al-Ahram . 1 November 2023. (https://web.archive.org/web/20240320153323/https://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/58/1262/511435/War-on-Gaza/War-on-Gaza/Haniyeh-says-Hamas-ready-for-negotiations-on-a-two.aspx) Archived from the original on 20 March 2024. Retrieved 20 March 2024 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al-Ahram&rft.atitle=Haniyeh+says+Hamas+ready+for+negotiations+on+a+two-state+solution+if+Israel+stops+war+on+Gaza&rft.date=2023-11-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.ahram.org.eg%2FNewsContent%2F58%2F1262%2F511435%2FWar-on-Gaza%2FWar-on-Gaza%2FHaniyeh-says-Hamas-ready-for-negotiations-on-a-two.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20240118-meshaal-hamas-rejects-two-state-solution/) "Meshaal: Hamas rejects 'two-state solution' " . Middle East Monitor. 18 January 2024. (https://web.archive.org/web/20240119101010/https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20240118-meshaal-hamas-rejects-two-state-solution/amp/) Archived from the original on 19 January 2024. Retrieved 20 January 2024 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Meshaal%3A+Hamas+rejects+%27two-state+solution%27&rft.date=2024-01-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeastmonitor.com%2F20240118-meshaal-hamas-rejects-two-state-solution%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Sewell, Abby (25 April 2024). (https://web.archive.org/web/20240510031229/https://apnews.com/article/hamas-khalil-alhayya-qatar-ceasefire-1967-borders-4912532b11a9cec29464eab234045438) "Hamas official says group would lay down its arms if an independent Palestinian state is established" . AP News . Archived from (https://apnews.com/article/hamas-khalil-alhayya-qatar-ceasefire-1967-borders-4912532b11a9cec29464eab234045438) the original on 10 May 2024. Retrieved 1 May 2024 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP+News&rft.atitle=Hamas+official+says+group+would+lay+down+its+arms+if+an+independent+Palestinian+state+is+established&rft.date=2024-04-25&rft.aulast=Sewell&rft.aufirst=Abby&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fhamas-khalil-alhayya-qatar-ceasefire-1967-borders-4912532b11a9cec29464eab234045438&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   Louise Fawcett, (https://books.google.com/books?id=nNUiHaUzzNgC&pg=PA249) International Relations of the Middle East  (https://web.archive.org/web/20240320154519/https://books.google.com/books?id=nNUiHaUzzNgC&pg=PA249#v=onepage&q&f=false) Archived 20 March 2024 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)  , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press) (Oxford University Press) Oxford University Press 2013 p. 49: 'The Hamas platform calls for full Muslim-Palestinian control of the Mediterranean to the Jordan River—the mirror image of Likud's platform for Jewish control of the same land.'  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Dunning, Tristan (20 November 2014), Courts, Michael; Watson, John (eds.), (Paid subscription required) (https://theconversation.com/israels-policy-on-statehood-merits-the-same-scrutiny-as-hamas-gets-33897) Israel's policy on statehood merits the same scrutiny as Hamas gets   , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) (Doi (identifier)) doi :(https://doi.org/10.64628%2FAA.snmsphka9) 10.64628/AA.snmsphka9 , (https://web.archive.org/web/20231015101228/https://theconversation.com/israels-policy-on-statehood-merits-the-same-scrutiny-as-hamas-gets-33897) archived from the original on 15 October 2023, retrieved 20 March 2024  (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Israel%27s+policy+on+statehood+merits+the+same+scrutiny+as+Hamas+gets&rft.date=2014-11-20&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.64628%2FAA.snmsphka9&rft.aulast=Dunning&rft.aufirst=Tristan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Fisraels-policy-on-statehood-merits-the-same-scrutiny-as-hamas-gets-33897&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   Glenn Frankel, (//archive.org/details/beyondpromisedla00fran/page/390) (iarchive:beyondpromisedla00fran/page/390) Beyond the Promised Land: Jews and Arabs on the Hard Road to a New Israel,  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon_and_Schuster) (Simon and Schuster) Simon and Schuster , 1996 pp. 389–91, cites Binjamin Netanyahu as declaring: 'You say the Bible is not a property deed. But I say the opposite-the Bible is our mandate, the Bible is our deed'. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin) (Yitzhak Rabin) Yitzhak Rabin at the time charged that "Bibi Netyanyahu is a Hamas collaborator. ... Hamas and Likud have the same political goal.'  ↑   O'Malley 2015 , p.  26: Israel incessantly invokes provisions of Hamas's charter that call for the elimination of Jews and the destruction of Israel, and its refusal to recognize the state of Israel. ... Hamas also calls attention to the clauses in the Likud charter that explicitly denounce a two-state solution. A double standard, says Hamas.   1  2  3   (https://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/06/world/middleeast/06gaza.html) Hamas Fights Over Gaza's Islamist Identity (https://web.archive.org/web/20170119001358/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/06/world/middleeast/06gaza.html) Archived 19 January 2017 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)  The New York Times , 5 September 2009  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Hroub, Khaled (2000). Hamas : political thought and practice . Institute for Palestine Studies. pp. 72– 73. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0887282768) (Special:BookSources/0887282768) 0887282768  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hamas+%3A+political+thought+and+practice&rft.pages=72-73&rft.pub=Institute+for+Palestine+Studies&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0887282768&rft.aulast=Hroub&rft.aufirst=Khaled&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   Chehab 2007 , p. 203.  ↑   (http://jeffreygoldberg.theatlantic.com/archives/2009/01/nizar_rayyan_of_hamas_on_gods.php) "Nizar Rayyan of Hamas on God's Hatred of Jews" (by Jeffrey Goldberg) (https://web.archive.org/web/20090122023505/http://jeffreygoldberg.theatlantic.com/archives/2009/01/nizar_rayyan_of_hamas_on_gods.php) Archived 22 January 2009 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)  , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Atlantic) (The Atlantic) The Atlantic  , (2 January 2009).  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_Ayoob) (Mohammed Ayoob) Mohammed Ayoob . The Many Faces of Political Islam, Second Edition (January 2020) . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Michigan_Press) (University of Michigan Press) University of Michigan Press . p. 133. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Many+Faces+of+Political+Islam%2C+Second+Edition+%28January+2020%29&rft.pages=133&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.au=Mohammed+Ayoob&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/hamas-boosts-image-by-backing-christian-candidate) "Hamas boosts image by backing Christian candidate" . 24 January 2006. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hamas+boosts+image+by+backing+Christian+candidate&rft.date=2006-01-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2Fmiddle-east%2Fhamas-boosts-image-by-backing-christian-candidate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2006/1/25/christian-candidate-on-hamas-ticket) "Christian candidate on Hamas ticket" . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Christian+candidate+on+Hamas+ticket&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2006%2F1%2F25%2Fchristian-candidate-on-hamas-ticket&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://english.palinfo.com/o_post/MP-Hussam-al-Tawil-dies-in-Gaza/) "MP Hussam al-Tawil dies in Gaza" . 31 October 2012. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MP+Hussam+al-Tawil+dies+in+Gaza&rft.date=2012-10-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.palinfo.com%2Fo_post%2FMP-Hussam-al-Tawil-dies-in-Gaza%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.apaimages.info/image/I0000glJOxm4mGcU) "Palestinian relatives of Christian Hossam Al-Tawil mourn on his body during his funeral at the Church of Saint Porphyrius" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AP_Images) (AP Images) AP Images  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AP+Images&rft.atitle=Palestinian+relatives+of+Christian+Hossam+Al-Tawil+mourn+on+his+body+during+his+funeral+at+the+Church+of+Saint+Porphyrius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.apaimages.info%2Fimage%2FI0000glJOxm4mGcU&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://imemc.org/article/17091/) "Palestinian Christians: 'We don't feel threatened by rise of Hamas' " . International Middle East Media Center . 4 March 2006. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Middle+East+Media+Center&rft.atitle=Palestinian+Christians%3A+%27We+don%27t+feel+threatened+by+rise+of+Hamas%27&rft.date=2006-03-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fimemc.org%2Farticle%2F17091%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   Davis 2017 , p. 55.  1  2   Shitrit 2015 , p. 74.  ↑   Rubenberg 2001 , pp. 230–31.  ↑   Gerner 2007 , p. 27.  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Aburabia, Rawia (2017). (Paid subscription required) (https://www.jstor.org/stable/44509032) "Trapped Between National Boundaries and Patriarchal Structures: Palestinian Bedouin Women and Polygamous Marriage in Israel"  . Journal of Comparative Family Studies . 48 (3): 339– 349. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) (Doi (identifier)) doi :(https://doi.org/10.3138%2Fjcfs.48.3.339) 10.3138/jcfs.48.3.339 . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) (ISSN (identifier)) ISSN  (https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0047-2328) 0047-2328 . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) (JSTOR (identifier)) JSTOR  (https://www.jstor.org/stable/44509032) 44509032 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Comparative+Family+Studies&rft.atitle=Trapped+Between+National+Boundaries+and+Patriarchal+Structures%3A+Palestinian+Bedouin+Women+and+Polygamous+Marriage+in+Israel&rft.volume=48&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=339-349&rft.date=2017&rft.issn=0047-2328&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F44509032%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3138%2Fjcfs.48.3.339&rft.aulast=Aburabia&rft.aufirst=Rawia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F44509032&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Boulos, Sonia (2 January 2021). (Paid subscription required) (https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/08974454.2019.1658692) "National Interests Versus Women's Rights: The Case of Polygamy Among the Bedouin Community in Israel"  . Women & Criminal Justice . 31 : 53– 76. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) (Doi (identifier)) doi :(https://doi.org/10.1080%2F08974454.2019.1658692) 10.1080/08974454.2019.1658692 . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) (ISSN (identifier)) ISSN  (https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0897-4454) 0897-4454 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Women+%26+Criminal+Justice&rft.atitle=National+Interests+Versus+Women%27s+Rights%3A+The+Case+of+Polygamy+Among+the+Bedouin+Community+in+Israel&rft.volume=31&rft.pages=53-76&rft.date=2021-01-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F08974454.2019.1658692&rft.issn=0897-4454&rft.aulast=Boulos&rft.aufirst=Sonia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1080%2F08974454.2019.1658692&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Lidman, Melanie (16 February 2016). (https://www.timesofisrael.com/the-sorry-plight-of-bedouin-women-trapped-by-polygamy/) "Polygamy is illegal in Israel. So why is it allowed to flourish among Negev Bedouin?" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times_of_Israel) (The Times of Israel) The Times of Israel  . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) (ISSN (identifier)) ISSN  (https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0040-7909) 0040-7909 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Polygamy+is+illegal+in+Israel.+So+why+is+it+allowed+to+flourish+among+Negev+Bedouin%3F&rft.date=2016-02-16&rft.issn=0040-7909&rft.aulast=Lidman&rft.aufirst=Melanie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fthe-sorry-plight-of-bedouin-women-trapped-by-polygamy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://apnews.com/general-news-486a1223036f436eb39bf497652a11ec) "No more than 1 wife: Israel looks to tackle Bedouin polygamy" . AP News . 9 January 2019. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=AP+News&rft.atitle=No+more+than+1+wife%3A+Israel+looks+to+tackle+Bedouin+polygamy&rft.date=2019-01-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Fgeneral-news-486a1223036f436eb39bf497652a11ec&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/polygamy-persists-among-israel-s-bedouins-women-are-pushing-change-n922296) "Bedouin women are pushing Israel to crack down on polygamy" . NBC News . 22 October 2018. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Bedouin+women+are+pushing+Israel+to+crack+down+on+polygamy&rft.date=2018-10-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fpolygamy-persists-among-israel-s-bedouins-women-are-pushing-change-n922296&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    1  2   (https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aB2RfynNbLmk) Hamas Bans Women Dancers, Scooter Riders in Gaza Push (https://web.archive.org/web/20151118123632/http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aB2RfynNbLmk) Archived 18 November 2015 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)  By Daniel Williams, Bloomberg, 30 November 2009  ↑   (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/oct/18/hamas-gaza-islamist-dress-code) Hamas patrols beaches in Gaza to enforce conservative dress code (https://web.archive.org/web/20170210235710/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2009/oct/18/hamas-gaza-islamist-dress-code) Archived 10 February 2017 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)  The Guardian (UK), 18 October 2009  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.aljazeera.com/sports/2013/3/5/un-cancels-gaza-marathon-over-hamas-demands) "UN cancels Gaza marathon over Hamas demands" . Al Jazeera . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agence_France_Presse) (Agence France Presse) Agence France Presse . 5 March 2013. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=UN+cancels+Gaza+marathon+over+Hamas+demands&rft.date=2013-03-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fsports%2F2013%2F3%2F5%2Fun-cancels-gaza-marathon-over-hamas-demands&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haviv_Rettig_Gur) (Haviv Rettig Gur) Rettig, Haviv (5 March 2013). (https://www.timesofisrael.com/un-cancels-gaza-marathon-over-hamas-ban-on-women/) "UN Cancels Gaza Marathon" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times_of_Israel) (The Times of Israel) The Times of Israel  . (https://web.archive.org/web/20130310055227/https://www.timesofisrael.com/un-cancels-gaza-marathon-over-hamas-ban-on-women/) Archived from the original on 10 March 2013. Retrieved 27 March 2013 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=UN+Cancels+Gaza+Marathon&rft.date=2013-03-05&rft.aulast=Rettig&rft.aufirst=Haviv&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fun-cancels-gaza-marathon-over-hamas-ban-on-women%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20110807211707/http://www.freemuse.org/sw10095.asp) "Palestine: Taliban-like attempts to censor music" . Freemuse.org. 17 August 2006. Archived from (http://www.freemuse.org/sw10095.asp) the original on 7 August 2011. Retrieved 2 August 2011 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Palestine%3A+Taliban-like+attempts+to+censor+music&rft.date=2006-08-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.freemuse.org%2Fsw10095.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    1  2  3   (https://www.haaretz.com/culture/arts-leisure/afghanistan-in-palestine-1.165006) "Afghanistan in Palestine" (https://web.archive.org/web/20151015233322/http://www.haaretz.com/culture/arts-leisure/afghanistan-in-palestine-1.165006) Archived 15 October 2015 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)  , by Zvi Bar'el, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haaretz) (Haaretz) Haaretz  , 26 July 2005  ↑   "Battling over the public sphere: Islamic reactions to the music of today". Jonas Otterbeck. Contemporary Islam . Volume 2, Number 3, 211–28,(mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) (Doi (identifier)) doi : (https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs11562-008-0062-y) 10.1007/s11562-008-0062-y . "... the over-all argument was that the event was haram"  ↑   "Palestinians Debate Whether Future State Will be Theocracy or Democracy". (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated_Press) (Associated Press) Associated Press , 13 July 2005.  ↑   (http://newhumanist.org.uk/937/gaza-taliban) Gaza Taliban? (https://web.archive.org/web/20110907185601/http://newhumanist.org.uk/937/gaza-taliban) Archived 7 September 2011 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)  by Editorial Staff, The New Humanist , volume 121 issue 1, January/February 2006  1  2   (http://www.brandeis.edu/crown/publications/meb/MEB41.pdf) Hamas Rule in Gaza: Three Years On (https://web.archive.org/web/20120402221410/http://www.brandeis.edu/crown/publications/meb/MEB41.pdf) Archived 2 April 2012 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)  , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yezid_Sayigh) (Yezid Sayigh) Yezid Sayigh , Crown Center for Middle East studies, March 2010  ↑   See also: (http://www.foreignaffairs.com/features/letters-from/letter-from-gaza?page=show) Letter from Gaza (https://web.archive.org/web/20100627013735/http://www.foreignaffairs.com/features/letters-from/letter-from-gaza?page=show) Archived 27 June 2010 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)  , Hamas's tunnel diplomacy, By Thanassis Cambanis, 18 June 2010. Foreign Affairs. "They want to know if we are more like the Taliban or Erdogan. They will see that we are closer to Erdogan."  ↑   (http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/n.php?n=box-2010-06-10) Hamas: 'We want Erdoğan's model, not Taliban's' (https://web.archive.org/web/20110810222815/http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/n.php?n=box-2010-06-10) Archived 10 August 2011 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)  . Cansu Çamlibel, The Daily (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurriyet) (Hurriyet) Hurriyet  . 10 June 2010  ↑   (https://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/21/world/middleeast/21mideast.html) A Leader of Hamas Warns of West Bank Peril for Fatah (https://web.archive.org/web/20090425004712/http://www.nytimes.com/2007/06/21/world/middleeast/21mideast.html) Archived 25 April 2009 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)  The New York Times . 21 June 2006. "Mr. Sawaf's West Bank office in Ramallah has been destroyed, and the Palestinian paper Al Ayyam has refused to continue printing his paper in the West Bank."  ↑   (http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Hamas-Gaza-extremism.-a0211366448) Hamas-Gaza-extremism (https://web.archive.org/web/20231123164955/https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Hamas-Gaza-extremism.-a0211366448) Archived 23 November 2023 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)  , The Weekly Middle East Reporter (Beirut, Lebanon), 8 August 2009  1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Gumrukcu, Tuvan; Hayatsever, Huseyin (25 October 2023). (https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/turkeys-erdogan-says-hamas-is-not-terrorist-organisation-2023-10-25/) "Turkey's Erdogan says Hamas is not terrorist organisation, cancels trip to Israel" . Reuters . (https://web.archive.org/web/20231110142510/https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/turkeys-erdogan-says-hamas-is-not-terrorist-organisation-2023-10-25/) Archived from the original on 10 November 2023. Retrieved 26 October 2023 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Turkey%27s+Erdogan+says+Hamas+is+not+terrorist+organisation%2C+cancels+trip+to+Israel&rft.date=2023-10-25&rft.aulast=Gumrukcu&rft.aufirst=Tuvan&rft.au=Hayatsever%2C+Huseyin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fturkeys-erdogan-says-hamas-is-not-terrorist-organisation-2023-10-25%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   Kabahā 2014 , p. 324.  ↑   Hroub 2006 , p.  33 : "The Charter was written in early 1988 by one individual and was made public without appropriate general Hamas consultation, revision or consensus, to the regret of Hamas's leaders in later years. The author of the Charter was one of the 'old guard' of the Muslim Brotherhood in the Gaza Strip, completely cut off from the outside world. All kinds of confusions and conflations between Judaism and Zionism found their way into the Charter, to the disservice of Hamas ever since, as this document has managed to brand it with charges of 'anti-Semitism' and a naïve world-view' Hamas leaders and spokespeople have rarely referred to the Charter or quoted from it, evidence that it has come to be seen as a burden rather than an intellectual platform that embraces the movement's principles."  ↑   Ronni Shaked, 'Ethos of Conflict of the Palestinian Society,' in Keren Sharvit, Eran Halperin (eds.) (https://books.google.com/books?id=ysdyCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA142) A Social Psychology Perspective on The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: Celebrating the Legacy of Daniel Bar-Tal,  (https://web.archive.org/web/20240320153323/https://books.google.com/books?id=ysdyCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA142#v=onepage&q&f=false) Archived 20 March 2024 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)  Springer, 2016 Volume 2 pp. 133–49 [142].  ↑   Hroub 2006b , p.  6 : cited Michael Schulz, "Hamas Between Sharia Rule and Demo-Islam", in Ashok Swain, Ramses Amer, Joakim Öjendal (eds.),(https://books.google.com/books?id=cTXekQIjsLgC&pg=PA202) Globalization and Challenges to Building Peace  (https://web.archive.org/web/20240320153822/https://books.google.co.ma/books?id=cTXekQIjsLgC&pg=PA202&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false) Archived 20 March 2024 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)  , pp. 195–201: 'Hamas continues to be characterized with reference to its 1988 charter drawn up less than a year after the movement was established in direct response to the outbreak of the third intifada and when its raison d'être was armed resistance to the occupation. Yet when its election and post-election documents are compared to the charter, it becomes clear that what is being promoted is a profoundly different organization  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Hroub, Khaled (2009). (https://web.archive.org/web/20240320153823/https://books.google.com/books?id=-XsW4-8VVJ4C&pg=PA31) Hamas  . The Other Press. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-983-9541-64-9) (Special:BookSources/978-983-9541-64-9) 978-983-9541-64-9  . Archived from (https://books.google.com/books?id=-XsW4-8VVJ4C&pg=PA31) the original on 20 March 2024. The non-Zionist Jew is one who belongs to the Jewish culture, whether as a believer in the Jewish faith or simply by accident of birth, but...(who) takes no part in aggressive actions against our land and our nation. ... Hamas will not adopt a hostile position in practice against anyone because of his ideas or his creed but will adopt such a position if those ideas and creed are translated into hostile or damaging actions against our people.  (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hamas&rft.pub=The+Other+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-983-9541-64-9&rft.aulast=Hroub&rft.aufirst=Khaled&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-XsW4-8VVJ4C%26pg%3DPA31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giandomenico_Picco) (Giandomenico Picco) Picco, Giandomenico ; (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabrielle_Rifkind) (Gabrielle Rifkind) Rifkind, Gabrielle (2013). (https://books.google.com/books?id=BhKsDwAAQBAJ) The Fog of Peace: The Human Face of Conflict Resolution  . I.B. Tauris. pp. 47– 48. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0857723437) (Special:BookSources/978-0857723437) 978-0857723437  . (https://web.archive.org/web/20240320153822/https://books.google.com/books?id=BhKsDwAAQBAJ) Archived from the original on 20 March 2024. Retrieved 16 January 2021 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Fog+of+Peace%3A+The+Human+Face+of+Conflict+Resolution&rft.pages=47-48&rft.pub=I.B.+Tauris&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0857723437&rft.aulast=Picco&rft.aufirst=Giandomenico&rft.au=Rifkind%2C+Gabrielle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBhKsDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   Robinson 2004 , p.  130 : 'The second major component in Palestine's sanctity, according to Hamas, is its designation as a (Arabic-language romanization) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waqf) (Waqf) waqf   by the Caliph (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omar) (Omar) 'Umar b. al-Khattab . When the Muslim armies conquered Palestine in the year 638, the Hamas Charter says, the Caliph 'Umar b. al-Khattab decided not to divide the conquered land among the victorious soldiers, but to establish it as a (Arabic-language romanization) waqf  , belonging to the entire Muslim nation until the day of resurrection.'  ↑   Litvak 1998 , p. 153.  ↑   Gabriel Weimann, (//archive.org/details/terroroninternet00weim/page/82) (iarchive:terroroninternet00weim/page/82) Terror on the Internet: The New Arena, the New Challenges  , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_Institute_of_Peace_Press) (US Institute of Peace Press) US Institute of Peace Press , 2006 p. 82.  ↑   Jim Zanotti, (https://books.google.com/books?id=ajKhf9y93nkC&pg=PA15) Hamas: Background and Issues for Congress  (https://web.archive.org/web/20240320153823/https://books.google.com/books?id=ajKhf9y93nkC&pg=PA15#v=onepage&q&f=false) Archived 20 March 2024 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)  , Diane Publishing, 2011 p. 15.  ↑   Roberts (https://books.google.com/books?id=xveCBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA68) p. 68 (https://web.archive.org/web/20240320153901/https://books.google.com/books?id=xveCBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA68) Archived 20 March 2024 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)  :'The Charter condemns world Zionism and the efforts to isolate Palestine, defines the mission of the organization, and locates that mission within Palestinian, Arab and Islamic elements. It does not condemn the West or non-Muslims, but does condemn aggression against the Palestinian people, arguing for a defensive jihad. It also calls for fraternal relations with the other Palestinian nationalist groups'.  ↑   Mishal & Sela 2006 , p. 178.  ↑   Lybarger 2020 , p. 199.  ↑   Jean-François Legrain: Hamas according to Hamas: A reading of its Document of General Principles . In: Shahram Akbarzadeh (Hrsg.): Routledge Handbook of Political Islam , Routledge, London 2020, pp. 79–90.  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/hamas-charter-1637794876) "Hamas in 2017: The document in full" . MiddleEastEye . (https://web.archive.org/web/20171024100126/http://www.middleeasteye.net/news/hamas-charter-1637794876) Archived from the original on 24 October 2017. Retrieved 6 January 2018 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MiddleEastEye&rft.atitle=Hamas+in+2017%3A+The+document+in+full&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeasteye.net%2Fnews%2Fhamas-charter-1637794876&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   Seurat 2022 , p. 18.  1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Bruce Hoffman (10 October 2023). (https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2023/10/hamas-covenant-israel-attack-war-genocide/675602/) "Understanding Hamas's Genocidal Ideology" . The Atlantic . Retrieved 20 October 2023 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=Understanding+Hamas%27s+Genocidal+Ideology&rft.date=2023-10-10&rft.au=Bruce+Hoffman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Finternational%2Farchive%2F2023%2F10%2Fhamas-covenant-israel-attack-war-genocide%2F675602%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)  {{(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_web) (Template:Cite web) cite web }} :  CS1 maint: deprecated archival service ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_deprecated_archival_service) (Category:CS1 maint: deprecated archival service) link ) (./Category:CS1_maint:_deprecated_archival_service)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Wagemakers, Joas (2024). Hamas. Palestijns nationalisme en militant pragmatisme . Amsterdam: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amsterdam_University_Press) (Amsterdam University Press) Amsterdam University Press . p. 133–135. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789048564477) (Special:BookSources/9789048564477) 9789048564477  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hamas.+Palestijns+nationalisme+en+militant+pragmatisme&rft.place=Amsterdam&rft.pages=133-135&rft.pub=Amsterdam+University+Press&rft.date=2024&rft.isbn=9789048564477&rft.aulast=Wagemakers&rft.aufirst=Joas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   Baconi 2018 , p.  245   ↑   Levitt 2006 , pp. 10–11.  ↑   Levitt 2006 , pp. 11–12.  ↑   Roy 2013 , p. 30.  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Andrew Carey and Joe Sterling (6 May 2017). (http://www.cnn.com/2017/05/06/middleeast/hamas-leadership-ismail-haniya/index.html) "Ismail Haniya elected new Hamas leader" . CNN. 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=The+blinkered+BBC+shamefully+ignores+Hamas%27s+genocidal+aims&rft.date=2024-02-02&rft.issn=0307-1235&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Danny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2F2024%2F02%2F02%2Fthe-blinkered-bbc-shamefully-ignores-hamass-genocidal-aims%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/teaching-terror-how-hamas-radicalizes-palestinian-society) "Teaching Terror: How Hamas Radicalizes Palestinian Society" . The Washington Institute . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Institute&rft.atitle=Teaching+Terror%3A+How+Hamas+Radicalizes+Palestinian+Society&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtoninstitute.org%2Fpolicy-analysis%2Fteaching-terror-how-hamas-radicalizes-palestinian-society&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10576100903555762) "The E-Marketing Strategy of Hamas: Studies in Conflict & Terrorism: Vol 33, No 3" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) (Doi (identifier)) doi :(https://doi.org/10.1080%2F10576100903555762) 10.1080/10576100903555762 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+E-Marketing+Strategy+of+Hamas%3A+Studies+in+Conflict+%26+Terrorism%3A+Vol+33%2C+No+3&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F10576100903555762&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1080%2F10576100903555762&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20110720001052/http://globalpolitician.com/24252-terror) "Online Terrorists Prey on the Vulnerable" . Globalpolitician.com. Archived from (http://globalpolitician.com/24252-terror) the original on 20 July 2011. Retrieved 1 August 2011 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Online+Terrorists+Prey+on+the+Vulnerable&rft.pub=Globalpolitician.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fglobalpolitician.com%2F24252-terror&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Al-Fateh – The Hamas Web Magazine for Children: Indoctrination to Jihad, Annihilation and Self-Destruction . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_for_Monitoring_Peace_and_Cultural_Tolerance_in_School_Education) (Institute for Monitoring Peace and Cultural Tolerance in School Education) Institute for Monitoring Peace and Cultural Tolerance in School Education . pp. 10– 23. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Al-Fateh+%E2%80%93+The+Hamas+Web+Magazine+for+Children%3A+Indoctrination+to+Jihad%2C+Annihilation+and+Self-Destruction&rft.pages=10-23&rft.pub=Institute+for+Monitoring+Peace+and+Cultural+Tolerance+in+School+Education&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://time.com/6330005/the-oct-7-massacre-revealed-a-new-hamas-social-media-strategy/) "The Oct. 7 Massacre Revealed a New Hamas Social Media Strategy" . Time. 31 October 2023. (https://web.archive.org/web/20231128173944/https://time.com/6330005/the-oct-7-massacre-revealed-a-new-hamas-social-media-strategy/) Archived from the original on 28 November 2023. Retrieved 29 November 2023 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Oct.+7+Massacre+Revealed+a+New+Hamas+Social+Media+Strategy&rft.date=2023-10-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F6330005%2Fthe-oct-7-massacre-revealed-a-new-hamas-social-media-strategy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Amer, Adnan Abu (24 July 2015). (https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2015/07/palestine-hamas-english-website-communications.html) "Hamas puts on new face with English website launch" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Monitor) (Al-Monitor) Al-Monitor  . Retrieved 18 July 2026 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al-Monitor&rft.atitle=Hamas+puts+on+new+face+with+English+website+launch&rft.date=2015-07-24&rft.aulast=Amer&rft.aufirst=Adnan+Abu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.al-monitor.com%2Foriginals%2F2015%2F07%2Fpalestine-hamas-english-website-communications.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Wrona, Aleksandra (29 November 2023). (https://www.snopes.com//fact-check/hamas-website/) "Is Hamas.com a Website for Hamas?" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snopes) (Snopes) Snopes  . Retrieved 18 July 2026 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Snopes&rft.atitle=Is+Hamas.com+a+Website+for+Hamas%3F&rft.date=2023-11-29&rft.aulast=Wrona&rft.aufirst=Aleksandra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.snopes.com%2F%2Ffact-check%2Fhamas-website%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Sokol, Sam (20 November 2023). (https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2023-11-20/ty-article/.premium/israelis-hijack-hamas-com-turning-it-into-a-display-of-october-7-atrocities/0000018b-eca2-d8b1-a9df-ecef8b380000) "Israelis Hijack Hamas.com, Turning It Into a Display of October 7 Atrocities" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haaretz) (Haaretz) Haaretz  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Israelis+Hijack+Hamas.com%2C+Turning+It+Into+a+Display+of+October+7+Atrocities&rft.date=2023-11-20&rft.aulast=Sokol&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fisrael-news%2F2023-11-20%2Fty-article%2F.premium%2Fisraelis-hijack-hamas-com-turning-it-into-a-display-of-october-7-atrocities%2F0000018b-eca2-d8b1-a9df-ecef8b380000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.misbar.com/en/editorial/2023/11/23/israel-promotes-a-fake-website-affiliated-with-hamas) "Israel Promotes a Fake Website Affiliated With Hamas" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misbar) (Misbar) Misbar  . 20 November 2023. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Misbar&rft.atitle=Israel+Promotes+a+Fake+Website+Affiliated+With+Hamas&rft.date=2023-11-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.misbar.com%2Fen%2Feditorial%2F2023%2F11%2F23%2Fisrael-promotes-a-fake-website-affiliated-with-hamas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.maariv.co.il/journalists/opinions/Article-1050383) "מה ידענו ומדוע סירבנו להפנים את הכוונות הרצחניות של חמאס?" (in Hebrew). Maariv. 7 November 2023. (https://web.archive.org/web/20231118000716/https://www.maariv.co.il/journalists/opinions/Article-1050383) Archived from the original on 18 November 2023. Retrieved 19 November 2023 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D7%9E%D7%94+%D7%99%D7%93%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%95+%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A2+%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%A0%D7%95+%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%9D+%D7%90%D7%AA+%D7%94%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA+%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%A6%D7%97%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA+%D7%A9%D7%9C+%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A1%3F&rft.date=2023-11-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.maariv.co.il%2Fjournalists%2Fopinions%2FArticle-1050383&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)  (./Category:CS1_Hebrew-language_sources_(he))    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://dayan.org/he/content/5212) "קולקטיבינדואליזם: הדור הפלסטיני הצעיר בין אינדיבידואליזם לקולקטיביזם והאתגר לחמאס" . Tel Aviv University. The Dayan Center for Middle Eastern and African studies (in Hebrew). 5 December 2018. (https://web.archive.org/web/20231118013737/https://dayan.org/he/content/5212) Archived from the original on 18 November 2023. Retrieved 19 November 2023 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tel+Aviv+University.+The+Dayan+Center+for+Middle+Eastern+and+African+studies&rft.atitle=%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%99%D7%91%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D%3A+%D7%94%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A8+%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99+%D7%94%D7%A6%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A8+%D7%91%D7%99%D7%9F+%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%99%D7%91%D7%99%D7%93%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D+%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%99%D7%91%D7%99%D7%96%D7%9D+%D7%95%D7%94%D7%90%D7%AA%D7%92%D7%A8+%D7%9C%D7%97%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A1&rft.date=2018-12-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdayan.org%2Fhe%2Fcontent%2F5212&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)  (./Category:CS1_Hebrew-language_sources_(he))    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Allyn, Bobby (31 October 2024). (https://www.npr.org/2023/10/31/1208800238/the-telegram-app-has-been-a-key-platform-for-hamas-now-its-being-restricted-ther) "The Telegram app has been a key platform for Hamas. Now it's being restricted there" . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Telegram+app+has+been+a+key+platform+for+Hamas.+Now+it%27s+being+restricted+there&rft.date=2024-10-31&rft.aulast=Allyn&rft.aufirst=Bobby&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2023%2F10%2F31%2F1208800238%2Fthe-telegram-app-has-been-a-key-platform-for-hamas-now-its-being-restricted-ther&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)  {{(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_web) (Template:Cite web) cite web }} :  CS1 maint: url-status ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_url-status) (Category:CS1 maint: url-status) link ) (./Category:CS1_maint:_url-status)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Rasgon, Adam; Bergman, Ronen (13 May 2024). (https://www.nytimes.com/2024/05/13/world/europe/secret-hamas-files-palestinians.html) "Secret Hamas Files Show How It Spied on Everyday Palestinians" . The New York Times . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) (ISSN (identifier)) ISSN  (https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) 0362-4331 . Retrieved 13 May 2024 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Secret+Hamas+Files+Show+How+It+Spied+on+Everyday+Palestinians&rft.date=2024-05-13&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Rasgon&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft.au=Bergman%2C+Ronen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2024%2F05%2F13%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fsecret-hamas-files-palestinians.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://samanews.ps/ar/post/448555/%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%87-%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3-%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A9-%D8%A5%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A-%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7-%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AE%D8%B0%D8%A9-%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%B0%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%AF) "He sent a message to citizens: Head of the Crisis Management Team in Gaza: We will conduct an evaluation of all the measures taken by this date" . Sama News . 30 December 2020. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sama+News&rft.atitle=He+sent+a+message+to+citizens%3A+Head+of+the+Crisis+Management+Team+in+Gaza%3A+We+will+conduct+an+evaluation+of+all+the+measures+taken+by+this+date&rft.date=2020-12-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsamanews.ps%2Far%2Fpost%2F448555%2F%25D9%2588%25D8%25AC%25D9%2587-%25D8%25B1%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A9-%25D9%2584%25D9%2584%25D9%2585%25D9%2588%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B7%25D9%2586%25D9%258A%25D9%2586-%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A6%25D9%258A%25D8%25B3-%25D8%25AE%25D9%2584%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25A5%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A3%25D8%25B2%25D9%2585%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25A8%25D8%25BA%25D8%25B2%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25B3%25D9%2586%25D8%25AC%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A-%25D8%25AA%25D9%2582%25D9%258A%25D9%258A%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7-%25D9%2584%25D9%2583%25D8%25A7%25D9%2581%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A5%25D8%25AC%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A1%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2585%25D8%25AA%25D8%25AE%25D8%25B0%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25A8%25D9%2587%25D8%25B0%25D8%25A7-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2585%25D9%2588%25D8%25B9%25D8%25AF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://felesteen.news/post/79065/) "Al-Mahouh: "Lockdown" is an option among procedures evaluated by the competent authorities according to the epidemic situation" . Palestine Online . 5 December 2020. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Palestine+Online&rft.atitle=Al-Mahouh%3A+%22Lockdown%22+is+an+option+among+procedures+evaluated+by+the+competent+authorities+according+to+the+epidemic+situation&rft.date=2020-12-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffelesteen.news%2Fpost%2F79065%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20240918231927/https://www.aljazeera.net/encyclopedia/2014/2/10/%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8-%D8%B9%D8%B2-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85) "Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades. The military wing of the Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas)" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Jazeera_Arabic) (Al Jazeera Arabic) Al Jazeera Arabic . 18 December 2023. Archived from (https://www.aljazeera.net/encyclopedia/2014/2/10/كتائب-عز-الدين-القسام) the original on 18 September 2024. Retrieved 18 September 2024 . (image caption) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_language) (Arabic language) Arabic : شعار كتائب عز الدين القسام الجناح العسكري لحركة المقاومة الإسلامية حماس (الجزيرة) , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literal_translation) (Literal translation) lit.   ' Logo of the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades, the military wing of the Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas). ' (./Category:Articles_containing_Arabic-language_text)    (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Izz+ad-Din+al-Qassam+Brigades.+The+military+wing+of+the+Islamic+Resistance+Movement+%28Hamas%29&rft.pub=Al+Jazeera+Arabic&rft.date=2023-12-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.net%2Fencyclopedia%2F2014%2F2%2F10%2F%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%A8-%D8%B9%D8%B2-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Beaumont_(journalist)) (Peter Beaumont (journalist)) Beaumont, Peter (12 October 2023). (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/oct/12/what-is-hamas-the-militant-group-that-rules-gaza) "What is Hamas, the militant group that rules Gaza?" . The Guardian . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) (ISSN (identifier)) ISSN  (https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077) 0261-3077 . (https://web.archive.org/web/20240318031644/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/oct/12/what-is-hamas-the-militant-group-that-rules-gaza) Archived from the original on 18 March 2024. Retrieved 16 October 2023 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=What+is+Hamas%2C+the+militant+group+that+rules+Gaza%3F&rft.date=2023-10-12&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Beaumont&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2023%2Foct%2F12%2Fwhat-is-hamas-the-militant-group-that-rules-gaza&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    1  2   Guidère 2012 , p. 173.  ↑   Najib & Friedrich 2007 , p. 106.  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  International Institute for Strategic Studies (14 February 2018). The Military Balance, 2018, Vol. 118, No. 1, February 2018 . Routledge. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781857439557) (Special:BookSources/9781857439557) 9781857439557  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Military+Balance%2C+2018%2C+Vol.+118%2C+No.+1%2C+February+2018&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2018-02-14&rft.isbn=9781857439557&rft.au=International+Institute+for+Strategic+Studies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (in French) (./Category:Articles_with_French-language_sources_(fr))  Christian Chesnot, (https://www.franceculture.fr/geopolitique/michel-goya-militairement-le-hamas-monte-en-gamme-depuis-2010) Michel Goya : "Militairement, le Hamas monte en gamme depuis 2010" , France Culture , 18 May 2021.  ↑   Najib & Friedrich 2007 , p. 105.  ↑   Najib & Friedrich 2007 , pp. 105–06.  ↑   Najib & Friedrich 2007 , p. 107.  ↑   Hueston, Pierpaoli & Zahar 2014 , p. 67.  ↑   Najib & Friedrich 2007 , pp. 107–08.  ↑   Levitt 2008 , pp. 89ff..  ↑   Davis 2004 , p. 100.  ↑   Herrick 2011 , p. ?.  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  John L.Esposito (1 August 1998). (https://web.archive.org/web/20240426014404/https://books.google.com/books?id=SlhxoTHLxeMC&pg=PA231#v=onepage&q&f=false) Islam and Violence  . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syracuse_University_Press) (Syracuse University Press) Syracuse University Press . p. 231. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8156-2774-6) (Special:BookSources/978-0-8156-2774-6) 978-0-8156-2774-6  . Archived from (https://books.google.com/books?id=SlhxoTHLxeMC&pg=PA231) the original on 26 April 2024. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islam+and+Violence&rft.pages=231&rft.pub=Syracuse+University+Press&rft.date=1998-08-01&rft.isbn=978-0-8156-2774-6&rft.au=John+L.Esposito&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSlhxoTHLxeMC%26pg%3DPA231&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   Gunning 2007 , pp. 123–55: p. 134  ↑   Kass & O'Neill 1997 , p. 267.  ↑   Herrick 2011 , p. 179.  ↑   Levitt 2006 , p. 24.  1  2  3   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.timesofisrael.com/gallant-hamas-has-lost-control-in-gaza-troops-kill-gunmen-who-fired-from-hospital/) "Gallant: Hamas has lost control in Gaza; gunmen who fired from hospital entrance killed | The Times of Israel" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times_of_Israel) (The Times of Israel) The Times of Israel  . 13 November 2023. (https://web.archive.org/web/20231114074143/https://www.timesofisrael.com/gallant-hamas-has-lost-control-in-gaza-troops-kill-gunmen-who-fired-from-hospital/) Archived from the original on 14 November 2023. Retrieved 14 November 2023 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Gallant%3A+Hamas+has+lost+control+in+Gaza%3B+gunmen+who+fired+from+hospital+entrance+killed+%26%23124%3B+The+Times+of+Israel&rft.date=2023-11-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fgallant-hamas-has-lost-control-in-gaza-troops-kill-gunmen-who-fired-from-hospital%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tim_Marshall_(journalist)) (Tim Marshall (journalist)) Marshall, Tim (2017). (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worth_Dying_For_(Marshall_book)) (Worth Dying For (Marshall book)) A Flag Worth Dying For: The Power and Politics of National Symbols  . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Scribner's_Sons) (Charles Scribner's Sons) Scribner . p. 148. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Flag+Worth+Dying+For%3A+The+Power+and+Politics+of+National+Symbols&rft.pages=148&rft.pub=Scribner&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Marshall&rft.aufirst=Tim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  McLaughlin, Jenna. (https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2014/12/islamic-isis-flags-black-banners-hamas/) "Stop mixing up the Islamic flags: A guide for lazy journalists" . Mother Jones . Retrieved 12 November 2023 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mother+Jones&rft.atitle=Stop+mixing+up+the+Islamic+flags%3A+A+guide+for+lazy+journalists&rft.aulast=McLaughlin&rft.aufirst=Jenna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.motherjones.com%2Fpolitics%2F2014%2F12%2Fislamic-isis-flags-black-banners-hamas%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://aja.me/wrr8z0) "حركة حماس.. مقاومة للاحتلال انطلقت مع انتفاضة الحجارة | موسوعة | الجزيرة نت" . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9+%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3..+%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A9+%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84+%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AA+%D9%85%D8%B9+%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B6%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9+%26%23124%3B+%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A9+%26%23124%3B+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9+%D9%86%D8%AA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faja.me%2Fwrr8z0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Bullock, Tom (19 June 2007). (https://www.npr.org/2007/06/19/10390803/q-a-hamas-and-fatah) "Q&A: Hamas and Fatah" . NPR . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NPR&rft.atitle=Q%26A%3A+Hamas+and+Fatah&rft.date=2007-06-19&rft.aulast=Bullock&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2007%2F06%2F19%2F10390803%2Fq-a-hamas-and-fatah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://aja.me/fv6c2t) "Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades. The military wing of the Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas)" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Jazeera_Arabic) (Al Jazeera Arabic) Al Jazeera Arabic . 18 December 2023. Retrieved 20 September 2024 . (image caption) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_language) (Arabic language) Arabic : شعار كتائب عز الدين القسام الجناح العسكري لحركة المقاومة الإسلامية حماس (الجزيرة) , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literal_translation) (Literal translation) lit.   ' Logo of the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades, the military wing of the Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas). ' (./Category:Articles_containing_Arabic-language_text)    (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Izz+ad-Din+al-Qassam+Brigades.+The+military+wing+of+the+Islamic+Resistance+Movement+%28Hamas%29&rft.pub=Al+Jazeera+Arabic&rft.date=2023-12-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faja.me%2Ffv6c2t&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)  {{(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_web) (Template:Cite web) cite web }} :  CS1 maint: deprecated archival service ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_deprecated_archival_service) (Category:CS1 maint: deprecated archival service) link ) (./Category:CS1_maint:_deprecated_archival_service)    1  2  3   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://ar.timesofisrael.com/%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3-%D9%82%D8%AF-%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%87-%D9%87%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%B6%D8%AE%D9%85%D8%A9-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%84-%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B9-%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9/) "ar: حماس قد توجه هجمات ضخمة من داخل قطاع غزة" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Times_of_Israel) (Times of Israel) Times of Israel (Arabic edition) . 13 December 2015. (image caption) The logo of the Izz ad-Din al-Qassam Brigades, the military wing of Hamas...  (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Times+of+Israel+%28Arabic+edition%29&rft.atitle=ar%3A+%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3+%D9%82%D8%AF+%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%87+%D9%87%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA+%D8%B6%D8%AE%D9%85%D8%A9+%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%AE%D9%84+%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B9+%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9&rft.date=2015-12-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Far.timesofisrael.com%2F%25D8%25AD%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B3-%25D9%2582%25D8%25AF-%25D8%25AA%25D9%2588%25D8%25AC%25D9%2587-%25D9%2587%25D8%25AC%25D9%2585%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AA-%25D8%25B6%25D8%25AE%25D9%2585%25D8%25A9-%25D9%2585%25D9%2586-%25D8%25AF%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AE%25D9%2584-%25D9%2582%25D8%25B7%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B9-%25D8%25BA%25D8%25B2%25D8%25A9%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    1  2  3   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.haaretz.co.il/captain/net/2014-07-17/ty-article/0000017f-e36c-d804-ad7f-f3fed4890000) "הופל אתר עז א-דין אל קסאם, דף הפייסבוק שלהם הוסר" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haaretz) (Haaretz) Haaretz (Hebrew edition) . 17 July 2014. Retrieved 20 September 2024 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz+%28Hebrew+edition%29&rft.atitle=%D7%94%D7%95%D7%A4%D7%9C+%D7%90%D7%AA%D7%A8+%D7%A2%D7%96+%D7%90-%D7%93%D7%99%D7%9F+%D7%90%D7%9C+%D7%A7%D7%A1%D7%90%D7%9D%2C+%D7%93%D7%A3+%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A7+%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%94%D7%9D+%D7%94%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%A8&rft.date=2014-07-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.co.il%2Fcaptain%2Fnet%2F2014-07-17%2Fty-article%2F0000017f-e36c-d804-ad7f-f3fed4890000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)  {{(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_news) (Template:Cite news) cite news }} :  CS1 maint: deprecated archival service ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_deprecated_archival_service) (Category:CS1 maint: deprecated archival service) link ) (./Category:CS1_maint:_deprecated_archival_service)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Lybarger, Loren (23 December 2017). (https://contendingmodernities.nd.edu/global-currents/jerusalem-palestinian-imaginaries/) "Other Jerusalem Realities: The "City of Prayer" in Palestinian Nationalist Imaginaries" . Contending Modernities . Retrieved 12 November 2023 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Contending+Modernities&rft.atitle=Other+Jerusalem+Realities%3A+The+%22City+of+Prayer%22+in+Palestinian+Nationalist+Imaginaries&rft.date=2017-12-23&rft.aulast=Lybarger&rft.aufirst=Loren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcontendingmodernities.nd.edu%2Fglobal-currents%2Fjerusalem-palestinian-imaginaries%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Madelene Axelsson (27 January 2006). (https://web.archive.org/web/20070927034525/http://www.stockholmsfria.nu/artikel/6296) "Islamistisk politik vinner mark" (in Swedish). (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stockholms_Fria_Tidning) (Stockholms Fria Tidning) Stockholms Fria Tidning . Archived from (http://www.stockholmsfria.nu/artikel/6296) the original on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 10 April 2006 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Islamistisk+politik+vinner+mark&rft.date=2006-01-27&rft.au=Madelene+Axelsson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stockholmsfria.nu%2Fartikel%2F6296&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)  (./Category:CS1_Swedish-language_sources_(sv))    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Sen, Somdeep (2020). Decolonizing Palestine: Hamas between the anticolonial and the postcolonial . Ithaca [New York]: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornell_University_Press) (Cornell University Press) Cornell University Press . pp. 60– 62. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781501752735) (Special:BookSources/9781501752735) 9781501752735  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Decolonizing+Palestine%3A+Hamas+between+the+anticolonial+and+the+postcolonial&rft.place=Ithaca+%5BNew+York%5D&rft.pages=60-62&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=9781501752735&rft.aulast=Sen&rft.aufirst=Somdeep&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (https://www.foxnews.com/story/israel-at-war-to-the-bitter-end-strikes-key-hamas-sites) Israel At 'War to the Bitter End,' Strikes Key Hamas Sites 29 December 2008, Fox News  ↑   Atkins 2004 , p. 123.  ↑   (https://www.hrw.org/reports/2002/isrl-pa/ISRAELPA1002-05.htm#P735_169095) Erased In A Moment: Suicide Bombing Attacks Against Israeli Civilians V. Structures and Strategies of the Perpetrator Organizations, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch) (Human Rights Watch) Human Rights Watch , October 2002. (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1564322807) (Special:BookSources/1564322807) 1564322807    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20100524155207/http://www.hrw.org/en/reports/2007/06/30/indiscriminate-fire-0) "Indiscriminate Fire, Palestinian Rocket Attacks on Israel and Israeli Artillery Shelling in the Gaza Strip" . Human Rights Watch. 30 June 2007. Archived from (https://www.hrw.org/en/reports/2007/06/30/indiscriminate-fire-0) the original on 24 May 2010. Retrieved 27 May 2010 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Indiscriminate+Fire%2C+Palestinian+Rocket+Attacks+on+Israel+and+Israeli+Artillery+Shelling+in+the+Gaza+Strip&rft.pub=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.date=2007-06-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fen%2Freports%2F2007%2F06%2F30%2Findiscriminate-fire-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20100524155118/http://www.hrw.org/en/reports/2007/08/28/civilians-under-assault) "Civilians under Assault, Hezbollah's Rocket Attacks on Israel in the 2006 War" . Human Rights Watch. 28 August 2007. Archived from (https://www.hrw.org/en/reports/2007/08/28/civilians-under-assault) the original on 24 May 2010. Retrieved 27 May 2010 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Death+count+from+Re%27im+music+festival+massacre+reportedly+updated+to+364+%E2%80%94+a+third+of+Oct.+7+fatalities&rft.date=2023-11-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fliveblog_entry%2Fdeath-count-from-massacre-at-reim-music-festival-reportedly-updated-to-364-a-third-of-oct-7-deaths%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Morris, Loveday; Piper, Imogen; Sohyun Lee, Joyce; George, Susannah (8 October 2023). (https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/10/08/israel-festival-attack-gaza-militants/) "How a night of dancing and revelry in Israel turned into a massacre" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post) (The Washington Post) The Washington Post  . 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Retrieved 10 October 2023 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Bodies+of+residents+and+militants+lie+in+the+grounds+of+ravaged+Israeli+kibbutz&rft.date=2023-10-10&rft.aulast=Lubell&rft.aufirst=Maayan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fbodies-residents-militants-lie-grounds-ravaged-israeli-kibbutz-2023-10-10%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2023-10-10/ty-article/.premium/10-percent-of-kibbutz-population-found-dead-after-hamas-massacre-in-southern-israel/0000018b-191c-df31-a99f-7ddf54fa0000) "10 Percent of Kibbutz Population Found Dead After Hamas Massacre in Southern Israel" . Haaretz . 10 October 2023. 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Hamas+militants+kill+6+suspected+informers%2C+witnesses+say&rft.date=2012-11-20&rft.au=The+Associated+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fhamas-militants-kill-6-suspected-informers-witnesses-say-1.1172426&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.timesofisrael.com/rights-group-pans-hamas-for-not-probing-executions/) "Rights group pans Hamas for not probing executions" . The Times of Israel . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Amnesty+International%3A+Hamas+guilty+of+torture%2C+summary+executions&rft.date=2015-05-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Famnesty-international-hamas-guilty-of-torture-summary-executions%2F2015%2F05%2F27%2F4d1ee6b1-ac6a-420f-b7a7-80aa62d24b86_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20140826115720/http://www.palestiniannews.net/index.php/sid/225005191) "Large number of alleged Israeli informers killed in Gaza" . Palestinian News.Net. 22 August 2014. Archived from (http://www.palestiniannews.net/index.php/sid/225005191) the original on 26 August 2014. Retrieved 23 August 2014 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Large+number+of+alleged+Israeli+informers+killed+in+Gaza&rft.date=2014-08-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.palestiniannews.net%2Findex.php%2Fsid%2F225005191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Klein, Aaron J.; Ginsburg, Mitch (3 September 2014). (https://www.timesofisrael.com/none-of-alleged-gaza-collaborators-were-israeli-assets-intel-official-says/) "None of alleged Gaza collaborators were Israeli assets, intel official says" . The Times of Israel . Retrieved 23 September 2014 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=None+of+alleged+Gaza+collaborators+were+Israeli+assets%2C+intel+official+says&rft.date=2014-09-03&rft.aulast=Klein&rft.aufirst=Aaron+J.&rft.au=Ginsburg%2C+Mitch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fnone-of-alleged-gaza-collaborators-were-israeli-assets-intel-official-says%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/2090520.stm) "Middle East | Unrest erupts in Gaza Strip" . BBC News. 3 July 2002. Retrieved 27 May 2010 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Middle+East+%26%23124%3B+Unrest+erupts+in+Gaza+Strip&rft.date=2002-07-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fmiddle_east%2F2090520.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Levinson, Charles (10 June 2007). (https://web.archive.org/web/20070615173959/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=%2Fnews%2F2007%2F06%2F10%2Fwirq310.xml) "Shot by their own side, healed by the enemy" . The Daily Telegraph . London. Archived from (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2007/06/10/wirq310.xml) the original on 15 June 2007. Retrieved 27 May 2010 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Shot+by+their+own+side%2C+healed+by+the+enemy&rft.date=2007-06-10&rft.aulast=Levinson&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fmain.jhtml%3Fxml%3D%2Fnews%2F2007%2F06%2F10%2Fwirq310.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.hrw.org/english/docs/2007/06/13/isrlpa16156.htm) "Gaza: Armed Palestinian Groups Commit Grave Crimes" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch) (Human Rights Watch) Human Rights Watch . 13 June 2007. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gaza%3A+Armed+Palestinian+Groups+Commit+Grave+Crimes&rft.pub=Human+Rights+Watch&rft.date=2007-06-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fenglish%2Fdocs%2F2007%2F06%2F13%2Fisrlpa16156.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agence_France-Presse) (Agence France-Presse) Agence France-Presse (21 April 2009). (https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/world/archives/2009/04/21/2003441620) "Hamas must stop killings: HRW" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taipei_Times) (Taipei Times) Taipei Times  . Retrieved 16 October 2023 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Taipei+Times&rft.atitle=Hamas+must+stop+killings%3A+HRW&rft.date=2009-04-21&rft.au=Agence+France-Presse&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.taipeitimes.com%2FNews%2Fworld%2Farchives%2F2009%2F04%2F21%2F2003441620&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/8202553.stm) "Mosque gun battle rages in Gaza" . London: BBC News. 14 August 2009. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Mosque+gun+battle+rages+in+Gaza&rft.date=2009-08-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Fmiddle_east%2F8202553.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/8202746.stm) "Gaza Islamist leader dies in raid" . London: BBC News. 15 August 2009. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Gaza+Islamist+leader+dies+in+raid&rft.date=2009-08-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Fmiddle_east%2F8202746.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.jpost.com/arab-israeli-conflict/abbas-hints-pa-close-to-ending-unity-deal-with-hamas-374626) "Abbas hints PA close to ending unity agreement with Hamas" . The Jerusalem Post . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Abbas+hints+PA+close+to+ending+unity+agreement+with+Hamas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2Farab-israeli-conflict%2Fabbas-hints-pa-close-to-ending-unity-deal-with-hamas-374626&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Taub, Amanda (7 August 2014). (https://www.vox.com/2014/8/7/5975255/9-questions-you-were-embarrassed-to-ask-about-whether-the-war-in-gaza) "Did Israel violate international law in Gaza?" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vox_(website)) (Vox (website)) Vox  . Retrieved 29 January 2024 . It is true that Hamas and other-Gaza based militants aren't complying with international law themselves. They target Israeli civilians in rocket attacks, commingle military sites and operations with civilian institutions, and, according to some reports, force people to remain in buildings after warnings from the Israeli military in order to serve as human shields.  (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vox&rft.atitle=Did+Israel+violate+international+law+in+Gaza%3F&rft.date=2014-08-07&rft.aulast=Taub&rft.aufirst=Amanda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2F2014%2F8%2F7%2F5975255%2F9-questions-you-were-embarrassed-to-ask-about-whether-the-war-in-gaza&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   Levitt 2006 , pp. 124–134.  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.hrw.org/world-report-2012/world-report-2012-israeloccupied-palestinian-territories) World Report 2012: Israel/Occupied Palestinian Territories  . Human Rights Watch. 22 January 2012. Retrieved 6 January 2013 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=European+Parliament+calls+for+Hamas+to+be+%27eliminated%2C%27+urges+release+of+hostages&rft.date=2023-10-19&rft.issn=0040-7909&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Feuropean-parliament-calls-for-hamas-to-be-eliminated-urges-release-of-hostages%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Bose, Nandita; Jackson, Katharine (16 October 2023). (https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/conflict-middle-east-could-escalate-us-national-security-adviser-warns-2023-10-15/) "Biden says Hamas must be eliminated, US officials warn of escalation" . Reuters . Retrieved 21 October 2023 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Biden+says+Hamas+must+be+eliminated%2C+US+officials+warn+of+escalation&rft.date=2023-10-16&rft.aulast=Bose&rft.aufirst=Nandita&rft.au=Jackson%2C+Katharine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fconflict-middle-east-could-escalate-us-national-security-adviser-warns-2023-10-15%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.genocidewatch.com/single-post/genocide-emergency-alert-israel-and-gaza) "Genocide Emergency Alert: Israel and Gaza" . genocidewatch . 19 October 2023. Retrieved 7 December 2023 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=genocidewatch&rft.atitle=Genocide+Emergency+Alert%3A+Israel+and+Gaza&rft.date=2023-10-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.genocidewatch.com%2Fsingle-post%2Fgenocide-emergency-alert-israel-and-gaza&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20231103-israeli-families-bring-war-crime-complaint-to-icc-lawyer) "Israeli families bring war crime complaint to ICC: lawyer" . France 24 . 3 November 2023. Retrieved 7 December 2023 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=Israeli+families+bring+war+crime+complaint+to+ICC%3A+lawyer&rft.date=2023-11-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2Flive-news%2F20231103-israeli-families-bring-war-crime-complaint-to-icc-lawyer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2023-10-16/ty-article/hamas-deadly-rampage-constitutes-crime-of-genocide-hundreds-of-legal-experts-say/0000018b-37d1-d450-a3af-7fddda070000) "Deadly Hamas Rampage Constitutes 'International Crime of Genocide,' Hundreds of Legal Experts Say" . Haaretz . Retrieved 7 December 2023 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Deadly+Hamas+Rampage+Constitutes+%27International+Crime+of+Genocide%2C%27+Hundreds+of+Legal+Experts+Say&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fisrael-news%2F2023-10-16%2Fty-article%2Fhamas-deadly-rampage-constitutes-crime-of-genocide-hundreds-of-legal-experts-say%2F0000018b-37d1-d450-a3af-7fddda070000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)   Winer 2023a  Winer 2023b     ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.cnn.com/2023/11/16/middleeast/israel-hamas-gaza-war-crimes-international-law-explainer-intl/index.html) "Have war crimes been committed in Israel and Gaza and what laws govern the conflict?" . CNN . 16 November 2023. Retrieved 18 November 2023 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Have+war+crimes+been+committed+in+Israel+and+Gaza+and+what+laws+govern+the+conflict%3F&rft.date=2023-11-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2023%2F11%2F16%2Fmiddleeast%2Fisrael-hamas-gaza-war-crimes-international-law-explainer-intl%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Bayefsky, Anne F.; Blank, Laurie R. (22 March 2018). (https://books.google.com/books?id=lHxTDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA91) Incitement to Terrorism  . BRILL. p. 91. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-35982-6) (Special:BookSources/978-90-04-35982-6) 978-90-04-35982-6  . (https://web.archive.org/web/20231015101112/https://books.google.com/books?id=lHxTDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA91) Archived from the original on 15 October 2023. Retrieved 20 March 2024 . [note12] The governing charter of Hamas, "The Covenant of the Islamic Resistance Movement," openly dedicates Hamas to genocide against the Jewish people (...) [see] The Covenant (...) 1988. Articles 7, ...  (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Incitement+to+Terrorism&rft.pages=91&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2018-03-22&rft.isbn=978-90-04-35982-6&rft.aulast=Bayefsky&rft.aufirst=Anne+F.&rft.au=Blank%2C+Laurie+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlHxTDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA91&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Tsesis, Alexander (2014–2015). (https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/rjlr16&id=352&div=&collection=) "Antisemitism and Hate Speech Studies" . Rutgers Journal of Law and Religion . 16 : 352. (https://web.archive.org/web/20231015101043/https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/rjlr16&id=352&div=&collection=) Archived from the original on 15 October 2023. Retrieved 20 March 2024 . For Jews, the Holocaust remains a real concern in an age when Hamas, a Palestinian terrorist organization, continues to advocate genocide in its core Charter.  (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rutgers+Journal+of+Law+and+Religion&rft.atitle=Antisemitism+and+Hate+Speech+Studies&rft.volume=16&rft.pages=352&rft.date=2014%2F2015&rft.aulast=Tsesis&rft.aufirst=Alexander&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fheinonline.org%2FHOL%2FPage%3Fhandle%3Dhein.journals%2Frjlr16%26id%3D352%26div%3D%26collection%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Gourevitch, Philip (2 August 2014). (https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/honest-voice-israel) "An Honest Voice in Israel" . The New Yorker . (https://web.archive.org/web/20201022095942/https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/honest-voice-israel) Archived from the original on 22 October 2020. Retrieved 9 May 2020 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=An+Honest+Voice+in+Israel&rft.date=2014-08-02&rft.aulast=Gourevitch&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fnews%2Fnews-desk%2Fhonest-voice-israel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffrey_Goldberg) (Jeffrey Goldberg) Goldberg, Jeffrey (4 August 2014). (https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/08/what-would-hamas-do-if-it-could-do-whatever-it-wanted/375545/) "What Would Hamas Do If It Could Do Whatever It Wanted?" . The Atlantic . (https://web.archive.org/web/20200423083359/https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/08/what-would-hamas-do-if-it-could-do-whatever-it-wanted/375545/) Archived from the original on 23 April 2020. Retrieved 9 May 2020 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=What+Would+Hamas+Do+If+It+Could+Do+Whatever+It+Wanted%3F&rft.date=2014-08-04&rft.aulast=Goldberg&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Finternational%2Farchive%2F2014%2F08%2Fwhat-would-hamas-do-if-it-could-do-whatever-it-wanted%2F375545%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Breedon, Jennifer R. (2015–2016). (https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/jglojpp2&id=411&div=&collection=) "Why the Combination of Universal Jurisdiction and Political Lawfare Will Destroy the Sacred Sovereignty of States" . Journal of Global Justice and Public Policy . 2 : 389. (https://web.archive.org/web/20231015101142/https://heinonline.org/HOL/Page?handle=hein.journals/jglojpp2&id=411&div=&collection=) Archived from the original on 15 October 2023. Retrieved 20 March 2024 . The Hamas Charter not only calls for the militant, perhaps genocidal, liberation of Palestine (e.g., "raise the banner of Allah over every inch of Palestine"), but also demonstrates anti-Semitic, murderous intent.  (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Global+Justice+and+Public+Policy&rft.atitle=Why+the+Combination+of+Universal+Jurisdiction+and+Political+Lawfare+Will+Destroy+the+Sacred+Sovereignty+of+States&rft.volume=2&rft.pages=389&rft.date=2015%2F2016&rft.aulast=Breedon&rft.aufirst=Jennifer+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fheinonline.org%2FHOL%2FPage%3Fhandle%3Dhein.journals%2Fjglojpp2%26id%3D411%26div%3D%26collection%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   • "Hamas refuses to recognize Israel, claims the whole of Palestine as an Islamic endowment, has issued virulently antisemitic leaflets, ..." Laurence F. Bove, Laura Duhan Kaplan, From the Eye of the Storm: Regional Conflicts and the Philosophy of Peace , Rodopi Press, 1995, (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-5183-870-0) (Special:BookSources/90-5183-870-0) 90-5183-870-0  , p. 217.   • "Standard anti-Semitic themes have become commonplace in the propaganda of Arab Islamic movements like Hizballah and Hamas...." Bernard Lewis, 'Muslim Anti-Semitism', Middle East Quarterly (1998).  ↑   Freilich, C. D. (2018). Israeli National security: a new strategy for an Era of change . Oxford University Press. p. 34, 37  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Herf, Jeffrey (1 August 2014). (https://www.the-american-interest.com/2014/08/01/why-they-fight-hamas-too-little-known-fascist-charter/) "Why They Fight: Hamas' Too-Little-Known Fascist Charter" . The American Interest. (https://web.archive.org/web/20170310013401/http://www.the-american-interest.com/2014/08/01/why-they-fight-hamas-too-little-known-fascist-charter/) Archived from the original on 10 March 2017. Retrieved 3 May 2017 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+They+Fight%3A+Hamas%27+Too-Little-Known+Fascist+Charter&rft.pub=The+American+Interest&rft.date=2014-08-01&rft.aulast=Herf&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.the-american-interest.com%2F2014%2F08%2F01%2Fwhy-they-fight-hamas-too-little-known-fascist-charter%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Arena, Michael P.; Arrigo, Bruce A. (2006). The terrorist identity: explaining the terrorist threat . Alternative criminology series. New York: New York University Press. pp. 133– 134. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8147-0715-9) (Special:BookSources/978-0-8147-0715-9) 978-0-8147-0715-9  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+terrorist+identity%3A+explaining+the+terrorist+threat&rft.place=New+York&rft.series=Alternative+criminology+series&rft.pages=133-134&rft.pub=New+York+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-8147-0715-9&rft.aulast=Arena&rft.aufirst=Michael+P.&rft.au=Arrigo%2C+Bruce+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Webman, Esther (1994). (https://books.google.com/books?id=zaFtAAAAMAAJ) Anti-semitic Motifs in the Ideology of Hizballah and Hamas  . Project for the study of Anti-semitism, Tel Aviv University. pp. 18, 22. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-965-222-592-4) (Special:BookSources/978-965-222-592-4) 978-965-222-592-4  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anti-semitic+Motifs+in+the+Ideology+of+Hizballah+and+Hamas&rft.pages=18%2C+22&rft.pub=Project+for+the+study+of+Anti-semitism%2C+Tel+Aviv+University&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-965-222-592-4&rft.aulast=Webman&rft.aufirst=Esther&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzaFtAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Maher Mughrabi (2 May 2017). (http://www.smh.com.au/world/the-new-hamas-charter-explained-20170502-gvx10t.html) "The new Hamas charter explained" . The Sydney Morning Herald . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=The+new+Hamas+charter+explained&rft.date=2017-05-02&rft.au=Maher+Mughrabi&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fworld%2Fthe-new-hamas-charter-explained-20170502-gvx10t.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Lasson, Kenneth (December 2007). (https://scholarworks.law.ubalt.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1386&context=all_fac) "Defending Truth: Legal and Psychological Aspects of Holocaust Denial" . Current Psychology . 26 (3– 4). (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Baltimore_School_of_Law) (University of Baltimore School of Law) University of Baltimore School of Law : 223– 266. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) (Doi (identifier)) doi :(https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs12144-007-9013-7) 10.1007/s12144-007-9013-7 . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) (ISSN (identifier)) ISSN  (https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1046-1310) 1046-1310 . Retrieved 1 June 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Current+Psychology&rft.atitle=Defending+Truth%3A+Legal+and+Psychological+Aspects+of+Holocaust+Denial&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E3%E2%80%93%3C%2Fspan%3E4&rft.pages=223-266&rft.date=2007-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs12144-007-9013-7&rft.issn=1046-1310&rft.aulast=Lasson&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholarworks.law.ubalt.edu%2Fcgi%2Fviewcontent.cgi%3Farticle%3D1386%26context%3Dall_fac&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-19091147) "Hamas 'blasts Palestinian official's Auschwitz visit' " . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC) (BBC) BBC . 2 August 2012. Retrieved 1 June 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hamas+%27blasts+Palestinian+official%27s+Auschwitz+visit%27&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2012-08-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-19091147&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   Patterson, David. Anti-Semitism and Its Metaphysical Origins. Cambridge University Press, 2015. Page 184.  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  al-Mughrabi, Nidal (30 August 2009). (https://web.archive.org/web/20240111122349/https://www.reuters.com/article/newsMaps/idUSTRE57T1JW20090830/) "Hamas slams UN over "Holocaust classes" in Gaza" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuters) (Reuters) Reuters . Archived from (https://www.reuters.com/article/newsMaps/idUSTRE57T1JW20090830/) the original on 11 January 2024. Retrieved 31 May 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hamas+slams+UN+over+%22Holocaust+classes%22+in+Gaza&rft.pub=Reuters&rft.date=2009-08-30&rft.aulast=al-Mughrabi&rft.aufirst=Nidal&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2FnewsMaps%2FidUSTRE57T1JW20090830%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Mish'al, Khalid (31 January 2006). (https://web.archive.org/web/20240426143417/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/jan/31/comment.israelandthepalestinians) "We will not sell our people or principles for foreign aid" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian) (The Guardian) The Guardian  . London. Archived from (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/jan/31/comment.israelandthepalestinians) the original on 26 April 2024. Retrieved 10 April 2014 . Our message to the Israelis is this: we do not fight you because you belong to a certain faith or culture. Jews have lived in the Muslim world for 13 centuries in peace and harmony; they are in our religion "the people of the book" who have a covenant from God and His Messenger Muhammad (peace be upon him) to be respected and protected. Our conflict with you is not religious but political. We have no problem with Jews who have not attacked us - our problem is with those who came to our land, imposed themselves on us by force, destroyed our society and banished our people.  (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=We+will+not+sell+our+people+or+principles+for+foreign+aid&rft.date=2006-01-31&rft.aulast=Mish%27al&rft.aufirst=Khalid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2006%2Fjan%2F31%2Fcomment.israelandthepalestinians&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20241204110927/https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/hamas-2017-document-full) "Hamas in 2017: The document in full" . Middle East Eye . 2 May 2017. Archived from (https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/hamas-2017-document-full) the original on 4 December 2024. Retrieved 20 September 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Eye&rft.atitle=Hamas+in+2017%3A+The+document+in+full&rft.date=2017-05-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeasteye.net%2Fnews%2Fhamas-2017-document-full&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/article-851512) " 'Gaza today is Auschwitz of the 21st century,' Hamas claims after Netanyahu speech" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post) (The Jerusalem Post) The Jerusalem Post  . 25 April 2025. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) (ISSN (identifier)) ISSN  (https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0792-822X) 0792-822X . Retrieved 1 June 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=%27Gaza+today+is+Auschwitz+of+the+21st+century%2C%27+Hamas+claims+after+Netanyahu+speech&rft.date=2025-04-25&rft.issn=0792-822X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2Fisrael-news%2Farticle-851512&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.aljazeera.net/blogs/2017/12/18/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%88%D9%88%D9%87%D9%85-%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9) "فلسطين.. ووهم أسلمة الصراع!" . Al Jazeera . 18 December 2017. (https://web.archive.org/web/20240226023131/https://www.aljazeera.net/amp/blogs/2017/12/18/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86-%D9%88%D9%88%D9%87%D9%85-%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9) Archived from the original on 26 February 2024. Retrieved 7 December 2023 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86..+%D9%88%D9%88%D9%87%D9%85+%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B9%21&rft.date=2017-12-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.net%2Fblogs%2F2017%2F12%2F18%2F%25D9%2581%25D9%2584%25D8%25B3%25D8%25B7%25D9%258A%25D9%2586-%25D9%2588%25D9%2588%25D9%2587%25D9%2585-%25D8%25A3%25D8%25B3%25D9%2584%25D9%2585%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25B5%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D8%25B9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  azza (12 August 2026). (https://pcpsr.org/en/node/1014) "Press Release: Public Opinion Poll No (97)" . pcpsr.org . Retrieved 21 August 2026 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pcpsr.org&rft.atitle=Press+Release%3A+Public+Opinion+Poll+No+%2897%29&rft.date=2026-08-12&rft.au=azza&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpcpsr.org%2Fen%2Fnode%2F1014&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Scheindlin, Dahlia (17 July 2024). (https://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/palestinians/2024-07-17/ty-article-magazine/.premium/how-popular-is-hamas-in-gaza-and-outside-of-it-after-nine-months-of-war/00000190-bfda-d211-a5da-ffdbea210000) "How Popular Is Hamas, in Gaza and Outside of It, After Nine Months of War?" . Haaretz.com . Retrieved 21 October 2024 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Haaretz.com&rft.atitle=How+Popular+Is+Hamas%2C+in+Gaza+and+Outside+of+It%2C+After+Nine+Months+of+War%3F&rft.date=2024-07-17&rft.aulast=Scheindlin&rft.aufirst=Dahlia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fmiddle-east-news%2Fpalestinians%2F2024-07-17%2Fty-article-magazine%2F.premium%2Fhow-popular-is-hamas-in-gaza-and-outside-of-it-after-nine-months-of-war%2F00000190-bfda-d211-a5da-ffdbea210000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.nytimes.com/2023/12/22/world/middleeast/saudi-arabia-poll-israel-gaza-war-hamas.html) "Saudis Overwhelmingly Oppose Ties With Israel, Poll Finds" . The New York Times . 22 December 2023. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Saudis+Overwhelmingly+Oppose+Ties+With+Israel%2C+Poll+Finds&rft.date=2023-12-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2023%2F12%2F22%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fsaudi-arabia-poll-israel-gaza-war-hamas.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Matthews, Sean (29 October 2025). (https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/overwhelming-majority-palestinians-oppose-hamas-disarmament-poll-finds) "Overwhelming majority of Palestinians oppose Hamas disarmament, poll finds" . Middle East Eye . Retrieved 30 October 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Eye&rft.atitle=Overwhelming+majority+of+Palestinians+oppose+Hamas+disarmament%2C+poll+finds&rft.date=2025-10-29&rft.aulast=Matthews&rft.aufirst=Sean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeasteye.net%2Fnews%2Foverwhelming-majority-palestinians-oppose-hamas-disarmament-poll-finds&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://apnews.com/article/hamas-middle-east-science-32095d8e1323fc1cad819c34da08fd87) "Poll finds dramatic rise in Palestinian support for Hamas" . Associated Press. 15 June 2021. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Poll+finds+dramatic+rise+in+Palestinian+support+for+Hamas&rft.date=2021-06-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fhamas-middle-east-science-32095d8e1323fc1cad819c34da08fd87&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   Fattel, Isabel. (https://www.theatlantic.com/newsletters/archive/2023/10/what-is-hamas/675594/) "What is Hamas?" The Atlantic .  9 October 2023.  9 October 2023.  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://pcpsr.org/en/node/955) "Public Opinion Poll No (89)" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Center_for_Policy_and_Survey_Research) (Palestinian Center for Policy and Survey Research) Palestinian Center for Policy and Survey Research  . 13 September 2023. Retrieved 10 October 2023 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Palestinian+Center+for+Policy+and+Survey+Research&rft.atitle=Public+Opinion+Poll+No+%2889%29&rft.date=2023-09-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpcpsr.org%2Fen%2Fnode%2F955&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    1  2   (https://www.pewglobal.org/2014/07/01/concerns-about-islamic-extremism-on-the-rise-in-middle-east/) Concerns about Islamic Extremism on the Rise in Middle East . Pew Research. 1 July 2014.  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Almaari, Faris (9 June 2023). (https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/new-public-opinion-poll-jordanians-favor-de-escalation-region-sentiment-against) "New Public Opinion Poll: Jordanians Favor De-escalation in the Region, But Sentiment Against Israel Remains" . The Washington Institute. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=New+Public+Opinion+Poll%3A+Jordanians+Favor+De-escalation+in+the+Region%2C+But+Sentiment+Against+Israel+Remains&rft.date=2023-06-09&rft.aulast=Almaari&rft.aufirst=Faris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtoninstitute.org%2Fpolicy-analysis%2Fnew-public-opinion-poll-jordanians-favor-de-escalation-region-sentiment-against&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    1  2  3   Seurat 2022 , p. 69.  ↑   Seurat 2022 , p. 70.  ↑   Seurat 2022 , p. 71.  1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Schanzer, Jonathan (21 June 2013). (https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2013/06/how-hamas-lost-the-arab-spring/277102/) "How Hamas Lost the Arab Spring" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Atlantic) (The Atlantic) The Atlantic  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=How+Hamas+Lost+the+Arab+Spring&rft.date=2013-06-21&rft.aulast=Schanzer&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Finternational%2Farchive%2F2013%2F06%2Fhow-hamas-lost-the-arab-spring%2F277102%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    1  2  3  4  5  6   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Gidda, Mirren (25 July 2014). (https://time.com/3033681/hamas-gaza-palestine-israel-egypt/) "Hamas Still Has Some Friends Left" . Time . (https://web.archive.org/web/20190414135347/http://time.com/3033681/hamas-gaza-palestine-israel-egypt/) Archived from the original on 14 April 2019. Retrieved 18 October 2023 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Hamas+Ties+to+Qatar+Have+Cost&rft.date=2013-04-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.al-monitor.com%2Fpulse%2Foriginals%2F2013%2F04%2Fhamas-qatar-relationship-independence.html%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   Seurat 2022 , p. 108.  1  2  3   Seurat 2022 , p. 109.  ↑   Seurat 2022 , p. 110.  1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/saudi-arabia-host-hamas-delegation-first-over-decade) "Saudi Arabia to host first Hamas delegation in over a decade" . Middle East Eye . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Hamas+official+says+North+Korea+is+ally%2C+insinuates+it+could+one+day+target+the+US&rft.date=2023-11-05&rft.aulast=PACCHIANI&rft.aufirst=GIANLUCA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fhamas-official-says-north-korea-is-ally-insinuates-it-could-one-day-target-the-us%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.rfa.org/english/news/korea/baraka-11072023171130.html) "Hamas official says North Korea could attack US over Gaza war" . Radio Free Asia . 7 November 2023. Retrieved 18 November 2023 . 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Tauris 2014 pp. 205–06), Japan initially welcomed the democratic character of the elections that brought Hamas to power, and only set conditions on its aid to Palestine, after intense pressure was exerted by the Bush Administration on Japan to alter its policy.  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20181225062735/http://www.police.govt.nz/advice/personal-community/counterterrorism/designated-entities/lists-associated-with-resolution-1373) "Lists associated with Resolution 1373" . New Zealand Police. 20 July 2014. Archived from (http://www.police.govt.nz/advice/personal-community/counterterrorism/designated-entities/lists-associated-with-resolution-1373) the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 16 August 2014 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Costa+Rica+names+IRGC%2C+Hezbollah%2C+Hamas%2C+Houthis+as+terror+groups&rft.date=2026-04-09&rft.aulast=Genn&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2Finternational%2Farticle-892416&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.jpost.com/international/article-893062) "IRGC, Hezbollah, Hamas as terrorist orgs., local Muslim groups denounce act" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post) (The Jerusalem Post) The Jerusalem Post  . Retrieved 15 April 2026 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=IRGC%2C+Hezbollah%2C+Hamas+as+terrorist+orgs.%2C+local+Muslim+groups+denounce+act&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2Finternational%2Farticle-893062&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://caliber.az/en/post/honduras-labels-hamas-and-irgc-as-terrorist-organisations) "Honduras labels Hamas and IRGC as terrorist organisations" . Caliber.az . 15 May 2026. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Caliber.az&rft.atitle=Honduras+labels+Hamas+and+IRGC+as+terrorist+organisations&rft.date=2026-05-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcaliber.az%2Fen%2Fpost%2Fhonduras-labels-hamas-and-irgc-as-terrorist-organisations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Scahill, Jeremy (9 April 2026). (https://www.dropsitenews.com/p/hamas-terrorism-uk-marzouk) "Hamas Launches Unprecedented Legal Case in Britain, Demanding the Government Remove its Terror Designation" . Drop Site News . Retrieved 9 April 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Drop+Site+News&rft.atitle=Hamas+Launches+Unprecedented+Legal+Case+in+Britain%2C+Demanding+the+Government+Remove+its+Terror+Designation&rft.date=2026-04-09&rft.aulast=Scahill&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dropsitenews.com%2Fp%2Fhamas-terrorism-uk-marzouk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Siddique, Haroon (9 April 2025). (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/apr/09/hamas-calls-on-the-uk-government-to-remove-it-from-list-of-banned-terrorist-groups) "Hamas calls on UK government to remove it from list of banned terrorist groups" . The Guardian . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Hamas+calls+on+UK+government+to+remove+it+from+list+of+banned+terrorist+groups&rft.date=2025-04-09&rft.aulast=Siddique&rft.aufirst=Haroon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2025%2Fapr%2F09%2Fhamas-calls-on-the-uk-government-to-remove-it-from-list-of-banned-terrorist-groups&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   Alethia H. Cook, "The Subtle Impact of Iran on the Flotilla Incident", in Thomas E. Copeland (ed.), (https://books.google.com/books?id=bsuYAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA36) Drawing a Line in the Sea: The Gaza Flotilla Incident and the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict  , Lexington Books, 2011 pp. 35–44 [36].  ↑   Robert O. Freedman, 'Russia,' in Joel Peters, David Newman (eds.), (https://books.google.com/books?id=kftqQdNNDWAC&pg=PA331) The Routledge Handbook on the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict  , Routledge, 2013 pp. 325–33 [331]  ↑   Haspeslagh 2016 , p. 199.  ↑   David J. Whittaker (ed.), (https://books.google.com/books?id=SOhJQbP77h0C&pg=PA84) The Terrorism Reader  , Routledge (2001), 2012, p. 84.  ↑   Samuel Feldberg,'Israel and Brazil:An Emerging Power and its Quest for Influence in the Middle East,' in Colin Shindler (ed.), (https://books.google.com/books?id=d7f2AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA199) The World Powers:Diplomatic Alliances and International Relations Beyond the Middle East  , I.B. Tauris, 2014 pp. 187–99  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Fisher, Max (21 November 2012). (https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2012/11/21/9-questions-about-israel-gaza-you-were-too-embarrassed-to-ask/) "9 questions about Israel-Gaza you were too embarrassed to ask" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post) (The Washington Post) The Washington Post  . Retrieved 6 January 2018 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=9+questions+about+Israel-Gaza+you+were+too+embarrassed+to+ask&rft.date=2012-11-21&rft.aulast=Fisher&rft.aufirst=Max&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fworldviews%2Fwp%2F2012%2F11%2F21%2F9-questions-about-israel-gaza-you-were-too-embarrassed-to-ask%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   Amossy 2017 , p. 273, n4.  ↑   Brenner 2017 , p. 203, n.27.  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Buck, Tobias (22 November 2012). (Paid subscription required) (https://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/80ce6306-348e-11e2-8986-00144feabdc0.html) "Five lessons from the Gaza conflict"  . Financial Times . (https://ghostarchive.org/archive/wvyCq) Archived from the original on 10 December 2022. Retrieved 6 January 2013 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Five+lessons+from+the+Gaza+conflict&rft.date=2012-11-22&rft.aulast=Buck&rft.aufirst=Tobias&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fintl%2Fcms%2Fs%2F0%2F80ce6306-348e-11e2-8986-00144feabdc0.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krista_E._Wiegand) (Krista E. Wiegand) Krista E. Wiegand , (https://books.google.com/books?id=H96cqNJ0fTAC&pg=PA124) Bombs and Ballots: Governance by Islamist Terrorist and Guerrilla Groups  , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashgate_Publishing) (Ashgate Publishing) Ashgate Publishing , Revised edition 2013 p. 124. "Officially, Hamas is considered by American and Israeli policymakers and some academics as the epitome of a terrorist group. [...] Due to the gravity and consequences of Hamas's use of terrorism as a tactic, all other aspects of Hamas, including its extensive social services programs and its role as a political party are overshadowed and often ignored by policy makers. Others recognize the complexity of Hamas as an organisation and suggest that Hamas will continue to transform itself into a full political party and eventually disarm and cease all violent tactics. They view Hamas as a complex organisation with terrorism as only one component, which is likely to evolve into a non-violent political party."  ↑   Luke Peterson, (https://books.google.com/books?id=nrsbBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA99) Palestine-Israel in the Print News Media: Contending Discourses  , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routledge) (Routledge) Routledge 2014 p. 99.  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Shipler, David K. (10 January 1982). (https://www.nytimes.com/1982/01/10/weekinreview/israel-s-strategy-depends-on-a-few-obliging-palestinians.html) "ISRAEL'S STRATEGY DEPENDS ON A FEW OBLIGING PALESTINIANS" . The New York Times . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) (ISSN (identifier)) ISSN  (https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) 0362-4331 . Retrieved 23 August 2026 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=ISRAEL%27S+STRATEGY+DEPENDS+ON+A+FEW+OBLIGING+PALESTINIANS&rft.date=1982-01-10&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Shipler&rft.aufirst=David+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1982%2F01%2F10%2Fweekinreview%2Fisrael-s-strategy-depends-on-a-few-obliging-palestinians.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   Milton-Edwards, Beverley (1996). Islamic Politics in Palestine . London: I.B. Tauris. pp. 103–104.  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Sayedahmed, Mehdi Hasan, Dina (19 February 2018). (https://theintercept.com/2018/02/19/hamas-israel-palestine-conflict/) "Blowback: How Israel Went From Helping Create Hamas to Bombing It" . The Intercept . Retrieved 23 August 2026 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Intercept&rft.atitle=Blowback%3A+How+Israel+Went+From+Helping+Create+Hamas+to+Bombing+It&rft.date=2018-02-19&rft.aulast=Sayedahmed&rft.aufirst=Mehdi+Hasan%2C+Dina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheintercept.com%2F2018%2F02%2F19%2Fhamas-israel-palestine-conflict%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)  {{(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_web) (Template:Cite web) cite web }} :  CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list) (Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list) link ) (./Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Times, David K. Shipler, Special To the New York (28 March 1981). (https://www.nytimes.com/1981/03/28/world/under-gaza-s-calm-surface-death-drugs-intrigue.html) "UNDER GAZA'S CALM SURFACE: DEATH, DRUGS, INTRIGUE" . 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(https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-12-20-op-4428-story.html) "Hamas: When a Former Client Becomes an Implacable Enemy : Israel: The Likud government originally saw this Muslim fundamentalist organization as a welcome alternative to the PLO" . Los Angeles Times . Retrieved 23 August 2026 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Hamas+is+feeling+the+pain+of+Qatar%27s+crisis%2C+and+is+looking+to+Egypt+for+help&rft.date=2017-06-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fla-fg-qatar-hamas-egypt-20170619-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  England, Andrew (18 April 2024). (https://www.ft.com/content/007b0cce-1778-4ba8-a3c0-0879e8492292) "Qatar reconsiders mediator role between Hamas and Israel" . Financial Times . Retrieved 26 April 2024 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Qatar+reconsiders+mediator+role+between+Hamas+and+Israel&rft.date=2024-04-18&rft.aulast=England&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F007b0cce-1778-4ba8-a3c0-0879e8492292&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Koelbl, Susanne (2 November 2023). (https://www.spiegel.de/international/world/nato-partner-and-hamas-host-a-39579533-e4a2-400a-a78e-9a8836606ccc) "NATO Partner and Hamas Host" . Der Spiegel . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) (ISSN (identifier)) ISSN  (https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2195-1349) 2195-1349 . Retrieved 21 April 2024 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Der+Spiegel&rft.atitle=NATO+Partner+and+Hamas+Host&rft.date=2023-11-02&rft.issn=2195-1349&rft.aulast=Koelbl&rft.aufirst=Susanne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Finternational%2Fworld%2Fnato-partner-and-hamas-host-a-39579533-e4a2-400a-a78e-9a8836606ccc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Black, Ian; Sherwood, Harriet (23 October 2012). (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/oct/23/qatari-emir-welcome-gaza-visit) "Qatari emir's visit to Gaza is a boost for Hamas" . The Guardian . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Qatari+emir%27s+visit+to+Gaza+is+a+boost+for+Hamas&rft.date=2012-10-23&rft.aulast=Black&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft.au=Sherwood%2C+Harriet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2012%2Foct%2F23%2Fqatari-emir-welcome-gaza-visit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Levs, Josh (6 August 2014). (http://www.cnn.com/2014/08/06/world/meast/mideast-hamas-support/index.html) "Which Mideast power brokers support Hamas?" . CNN. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Which+Mideast+power+brokers+support+Hamas%3F&rft.date=2014-08-06&rft.aulast=Levs&rft.aufirst=Josh&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2014%2F08%2F06%2Fworld%2Fmeast%2Fmideast-hamas-support%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.npr.org/sections/parallels/2015/06/18/414693807/why-israel-lets-qatar-give-millions-to-hamas) "Why Israel Lets Qatar Give Millions To Hamas" . NPR. 18 June 2015. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Why+Israel+Lets+Qatar+Give+Millions+To+Hamas&rft.date=2015-06-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fsections%2Fparallels%2F2015%2F06%2F18%2F414693807%2Fwhy-israel-lets-qatar-give-millions-to-hamas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (http://www.arabnews.com/saudi-arabia/news/725241) Hamas supports military operation for political legitimacy in Yemen (https://web.archive.org/web/20160807021350/http://www.arabnews.com/saudi-arabia/news/725241) Archived 7 August 2016 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)  . Arab News. 30 March 2015.  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Elbagir, Nima; Arvanitidis, Barbara; Platt, Alex; Razek, Raja; Ebrahim, Nadeen (11 December 2023). (https://www.cnn.com/2023/12/11/middleeast/qatar-hamas-funds-israel-backing-intl/index.html) "Qatar sent millions to Gaza for years – with Israel's backing. Here's what we know about the controversial deal" . CNN . Retrieved 6 April 2024 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Qatar+sent+millions+to+Gaza+for+years+%E2%80%93+with+Israel%27s+backing.+Here%27s+what+we+know+about+the+controversial+deal&rft.date=2023-12-11&rft.aulast=Elbagir&rft.aufirst=Nima&rft.au=Arvanitidis%2C+Barbara&rft.au=Platt%2C+Alex&rft.au=Razek%2C+Raja&rft.au=Ebrahim%2C+Nadeen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2023%2F12%2F11%2Fmiddleeast%2Fqatar-hamas-funds-israel-backing-intl%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/246031) "Erdogan: Hamas is not a terrorist organization" . Israel National News . 16 May 2018. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Israel+National+News&rft.atitle=Erdogan%3A+Hamas+is+not+a+terrorist+organization&rft.date=2018-05-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.israelnationalnews.com%2FNews%2FNews.aspx%2F246031&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Dr. Hay Eytan Cohen Yanarocak; Dr. Jonathan Spyer (25 January 2021). (https://web.archive.org/web/20220516150904/https://trendsresearch.org/research/turkish-militias-and-proxies/) "Turkish Militias and Proxies" . trendsresearch . Archived from (https://trendsresearch.org/research/turkish-militias-and-proxies/) the original on 16 May 2022. Retrieved 17 April 2022 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=trendsresearch&rft.atitle=Turkish+Militias+and+Proxies&rft.date=2021-01-25&rft.au=Dr.+Hay+Eytan+Cohen+Yanarocak&rft.au=Dr.+Jonathan+Spyer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftrendsresearch.org%2Fresearch%2Fturkish-militias-and-proxies%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.voanews.com/a/usa_us-criticizes-turkey-hosting-hamas-leaders/6194990.html) "US Criticizes Turkey for Hosting Hamas Leaders" . VOA News . 26 August 2020. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=VOA+News&rft.atitle=US+Criticizes+Turkey+for+Hosting+Hamas+Leaders&rft.date=2020-08-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.voanews.com%2Fa%2Fusa_us-criticizes-turkey-hosting-hamas-leaders%2F6194990.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.timesofisrael.com/erdogan-hosts-pas-abbas-hamas-head-haniyeh-to-prepare-for-detente-talks/) "Erdogan hosts PA's Abbas, Hamas head Haniyeh to prepare for détente talks" . The Times of Israel . 26 July 2023. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Erdogan+hosts+PA%27s+Abbas%2C+Hamas+head+Haniyeh+to+prepare+for+d%C3%A9tente+talks&rft.date=2023-07-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Ferdogan-hosts-pas-abbas-hamas-head-haniyeh-to-prepare-for-detente-talks%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.timesofisrael.com/report-hamas-chiefs-were-asked-to-leave-turkey-after-october-7-attacks/) "Report: Hamas chiefs were asked to leave Turkey after October 7 attacks" . The Times of Israel . 23 October 2023. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Report%3A+Hamas+chiefs+were+asked+to+leave+Turkey+after+October+7+attacks&rft.date=2023-10-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Freport-hamas-chiefs-were-asked-to-leave-turkey-after-october-7-attacks%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/turkeys-erdogan-discussed-gaza-with-hamas-leader-turkish-presidency-2023-10-21/) "Turkey's Erdogan discussed Gaza with Hamas leader – Turkish presidenc" . Reuters . 21 October 2023. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Turkey%27s+Erdogan+discussed+Gaza+with+Hamas+leader+%E2%80%93+Turkish+presidenc&rft.date=2023-10-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fturkeys-erdogan-discussed-gaza-with-hamas-leader-turkish-presidency-2023-10-21%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Crissy, Ron (12 March 2025). (https://www.ynetnews.com/magazine/article/b14fmtpiye) "He's Jewish, met with Hamas and was Jared Kushner's college roommate: Meet Adam Boehler" . Ynetnews . Retrieved 16 March 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ynetnews&rft.atitle=He%27s+Jewish%2C+met+with+Hamas+and+was+Jared+Kushner%27s+college+roommate%3A+Meet+Adam+Boehler&rft.date=2025-03-12&rft.aulast=Crissy&rft.aufirst=Ron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ynetnews.com%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2Fb14fmtpiye&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Roth, Andrew; Burke, Jason (10 March 2025). (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/mar/10/us-envoy-secret-talks-hamas-anger-netanyahu-administration) "US envoy's secret talks with Hamas anger Netanyahu administration" . The Guardian . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) (ISSN (identifier)) ISSN  (https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077) 0261-3077 . (https://web.archive.org/web/20250310225206/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2025/mar/10/us-envoy-secret-talks-hamas-anger-netanyahu-administration) Archived from the original on 10 March 2025. Retrieved 15 March 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=US+envoy%27s+secret+talks+with+Hamas+anger+Netanyahu+administration&rft.date=2025-03-10&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Roth&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.au=Burke%2C+Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2025%2Fmar%2F10%2Fus-envoy-secret-talks-hamas-anger-netanyahu-administration&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   Al-Mughrabi, N. (2026, January 13). U.S. designates three Muslim Brotherhood chapters as global terrorists . Reuters. (https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/us-designates-three-muslim-brotherhood-chapters-global-terrorists-2026-01-13/) https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/us-designates-three-muslim-brotherhood-chapters-global-terrorists-2026-01-13/   ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://apnews.com/article/muslim-brotherhood-terrorist-organizations-trump-sanctions-d862fcc5b04558f9af8d648dd4e9a0d1) "Trump administration labels 3 Muslim Brotherhood branches as terrorist organizations" . AP News . 13 January 2026. Retrieved 13 January 2026 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP+News&rft.atitle=Trump+administration+labels+3+Muslim+Brotherhood+branches+as+terrorist+organizations&rft.date=2026-01-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fmuslim-brotherhood-terrorist-organizations-trump-sanctions-d862fcc5b04558f9af8d648dd4e9a0d1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://home.treasury.gov/news/press-releases/sb0357) "Treasury and State Departments Designate Muslim Brotherhood Branches as Terrorist Organizations" . U.S. Department of the Treasury . 23 December 2025. Retrieved 13 January 2026 . 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(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0522861761) (Special:BookSources/978-0522861761) 978-0522861761  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Crisis+of+Zionism&rft.pub=Melbourne+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0522861761&rft.aulast=Beinart&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dv0U1fjErMGkC%26pg%3DPT231&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Best, Antony; Hanhimäki, Jussi M; Maiolo, Joseph A; Schulze, Kirsten E (2025). International History of the Twentieth Century and Beyond (4th ed.). Milton Park: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylor_&_Francis) (Taylor & Francis) Taylor & Francis . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780367352752) (Special:BookSources/9780367352752) 9780367352752  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+History+of+the+Twentieth+Century+and+Beyond&rft.place=Milton+Park&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2025&rft.isbn=9780367352752&rft.aulast=Best&rft.aufirst=Antony&rft.au=Hanhim%C3%A4ki%2C+Jussi+M&rft.au=Maiolo%2C+Joseph+A&rft.au=Schulze%2C+Kirsten+E&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Brenner, Björn (2017). (https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/gaza-under-hamas-9781786731425/) Gaza Under Hamas: From Islamic Democracy to Islamist Governance  . I.B. Tauris. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1786731425) (Special:BookSources/978-1786731425) 978-1786731425  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gaza+Under+Hamas%3A+From+Islamic+Democracy+to+Islamist+Governance&rft.pub=I.B.+Tauris&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1786731425&rft.aulast=Brenner&rft.aufirst=Bj%C3%B6rn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomsbury.com%2Fuk%2Fgaza-under-hamas-9781786731425%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Brenner, Björn (2022). (https://books.google.com/books?id=IhOMDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA203) Gaza Under Hamas: From Islamic Democracy to Islamist Governance  . Bloomsbury Publishing. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0755634392) (Special:BookSources/978-0755634392) 978-0755634392  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gaza+Under+Hamas%3A+From+Islamic+Democracy+to+Islamist+Governance&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-0755634392&rft.aulast=Brenner&rft.aufirst=Bj%C3%B6rn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIhOMDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA203&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaki_Chehab) (Zaki Chehab) Chehab, Zaki (2007). (https://books.google.com/books?id=rWEg6Tfai_oC) Inside Hamas: The Untold Story of Militants, Martyrs and Spies  . I.B. Tauris. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1845113896) (Special:BookSources/978-1845113896) 978-1845113896  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inside+Hamas%3A+The+Untold+Story+of+Militants%2C+Martyrs+and+Spies&rft.pub=I.B.+Tauris&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1845113896&rft.aulast=Chehab&rft.aufirst=Zaki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrWEg6Tfai_oC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Cheema, Sujata Ashwarya (2008). (https://books.google.com/books?id=YopTyDFI1U4C&pg=466) "Hamas and Politics in Palestine:Impact on Peace-Building" . In Abhyankar, Rajendra Madhukar (ed.). West Asia and the Region: Defining India's Role . New Delhi: Academic Foundation. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-8171886166) (Special:BookSources/978-8171886166) 978-8171886166  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hamas+and+Politics+in+Palestine%3AImpact+on+Peace-Building&rft.btitle=West+Asia+and+the+Region%3A+Defining+India%27s+Role&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pub=Academic+Foundation&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-8171886166&rft.aulast=Cheema&rft.aufirst=Sujata+Ashwarya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYopTyDFI1U4C%26pg%3D466&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Clarke, Colin P. (2015). (https://books.google.com/books?id=PJRzCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA96) Terrorism, Inc.: The Financing of Terrorism, Insurgency, and Irregular Warfare  . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABC-CLIO) (ABC-CLIO) ABC-CLIO . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1440831041) (Special:BookSources/978-1440831041) 978-1440831041  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Terrorism%2C+Inc.%3A+The+Financing+of+Terrorism%2C+Insurgency%2C+and+Irregular+Warfare&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1440831041&rft.aulast=Clarke&rft.aufirst=Colin+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPJRzCQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA96&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Dalacoura, Katerina (2012). (https://books.google.com/books?id=PlTKrMFyawoC&pg=PA66) "Islamist Terrorism and National Liberation: Hamas and Hizbullah" . Islamist Terrorism and Democracy in the Middle East . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge) (Cambridge) Cambridge : (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press) (Cambridge University Press) Cambridge University Press . pp. 66– 96. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) (Doi (identifier)) doi :(https://doi.org/10.1017%2FCBO9780511977367.004) 10.1017/CBO9780511977367.004 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Islamist+Terrorism+and+National+Liberation%3A+Hamas+and+Hizbullah&rft.btitle=Islamist+Terrorism+and+Democracy+in+the+Middle+East&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pages=66-96&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FCBO9780511977367.004&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A150958046%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2010047275&rft.isbn=9780511977367&rft.aulast=Dalacoura&rft.aufirst=Katerina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPlTKrMFyawoC%26pg%3DPA66&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Davis, Jessica (2017). (https://books.google.com/books?id=uR_aDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA57) Women in Modern Terrorism: From Liberation Wars to Global Jihad and the Islamic State  . Rowman & Littlefield. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1442274990) (Special:BookSources/978-1442274990) 978-1442274990  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Women+in+Modern+Terrorism%3A+From+Liberation+Wars+to+Global+Jihad+and+the+Islamic+State&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1442274990&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Jessica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuR_aDQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA57&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Davis, Joyce (2004). (https://books.google.com/books?id=GxwbNesHJBkC&pg=PA100) Martyrs: Innocence, Vengeance, and Despair in the Middle East  . Palgrave Macmillan. p. 100. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1403966810) (Special:BookSources/978-1403966810) 978-1403966810  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Martyrs%3A+Innocence%2C+Vengeance%2C+and+Despair+in+the+Middle+East&rft.pages=100&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1403966810&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Joyce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGxwbNesHJBkC%26pg%3DPA100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Davis, Richard (2016). (https://books.google.com/books?id=bmaFCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT68) Hamas, Popular Support and War in the Middle East: Insurgency in the Holy Land  . Routledge. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1317402589) (Special:BookSources/978-1317402589) 978-1317402589  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hamas%2C+Popular+Support+and+War+in+the+Middle+East%3A+Insurgency+in+the+Holy+Land&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1317402589&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbmaFCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT68&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Dunning, Tristan (2016). (https://books.google.com/books?id=vTp-CwAAQBAJ&pg=PT270) Hamas, Jihad and Popular Legitimacy: Reinterpreting Resistance in Palestine  . Routledge. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1317384946) (Special:BookSources/978-1317384946) 978-1317384946  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hamas%2C+Jihad+and+Popular+Legitimacy%3A+Reinterpreting+Resistance+in+Palestine&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1317384946&rft.aulast=Dunning&rft.aufirst=Tristan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvTp-CwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT270&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Filiu) (Jean-Pierre Filiu) Filiu, Jean-Pierre (Spring 2012). (Paid subscription required) (https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/jps.2012.xli.3.54) "The Origins of Hamas: Militant Legacy or Israeli Tool?"  . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal_of_Palestine_Studies) (Journal of Palestine Studies) Journal of Palestine Studies  . 41 (3): 54– 70. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) (Doi (identifier)) doi :(https://doi.org/10.1525%2Fjps.2012.xli.3.54) 10.1525/jps.2012.xli.3.54 . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) (JSTOR (identifier)) JSTOR  (https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/jps.2012.xli.3.54) 10.1525/jps.2012.xli.3.54 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Palestine+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Origins+of+Hamas%3A+Militant+Legacy+or+Israeli+Tool%3F&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=41&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=54-70&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1525%2Fjps.2012.xli.3.54&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.1525%2Fjps.2012.xli.3.54%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Filiu&rft.aufirst=Jean-Pierre&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.1525%2Fjps.2012.xli.3.54&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Gelvin, James L. (2014). "The Palestinian National Movement Comes of Age". The Israel-Palestine Conflict: One Hundred Years of War (3rd ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 226. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-61354-6) (Special:BookSources/978-1-107-61354-6) 978-1-107-61354-6  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Palestinian+National+Movement+Comes+of+Age&rft.btitle=The+Israel-Palestine+Conflict%3A+One+Hundred+Years+of+War&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=226&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-107-61354-6&rft.aulast=Gelvin&rft.aufirst=James+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Gerner, Deborah J. (2007). (https://books.google.com/books?id=iKsSEulnPTsC&pg=PA27) "Mobilizing Women for Nationalist Agendas" . In Moghadam, Valentine M. (ed.). From Patriarchy to Empowerment: Women's Participation, Movements, and Rights in the Middle East, North Africa, and South Asia . Syracuse University Press. pp. 17– 39. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0815631118) (Special:BookSources/978-0815631118) 978-0815631118  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mobilizing+Women+for+Nationalist+Agendas&rft.btitle=From+Patriarchy+to+Empowerment%3A+Women%27s+Participation%2C+Movements%2C+and+Rights+in+the+Middle+East%2C+North+Africa%2C+and+South+Asia&rft.pages=17-39&rft.pub=Syracuse+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0815631118&rft.aulast=Gerner&rft.aufirst=Deborah+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiKsSEulnPTsC%26pg%3DPA27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Gleis, Joshua L.; Berti, Benedetta (2012). (https://books.google.com/books?id=vYBtwkj78BUC&pg=PT111) Hezbollah and Hamas: A Comparative Study  . Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 111. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1421406718) (Special:BookSources/978-1421406718) 978-1421406718  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hezbollah+and+Hamas%3A+A+Comparative+Study&rft.pages=111&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1421406718&rft.aulast=Gleis&rft.aufirst=Joshua+L.&rft.au=Berti%2C+Benedetta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvYBtwkj78BUC%26pg%3DPT111&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Guidère, Mathieu (2012). (https://books.google.com/books?id=tCvhzGiDMYsC&pg=PA173) Historical Dictionary of Islamic Fundamentalism  . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scarecrow_Press) (Scarecrow Press) Scarecrow Press . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0810878211) (Special:BookSources/978-0810878211) 978-0810878211  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Islamic+Fundamentalism&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0810878211&rft.aulast=Guid%C3%A8re&rft.aufirst=Mathieu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtCvhzGiDMYsC%26pg%3DPA173&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Gunning, Jeroen (2007). (https://books.google.com/books?id=m8_pM7Ncij8C&pg=PA134) "Hamas: Harakat al-Muqamama al-Islamiyya" . In Marianne Heiberg; Brendan O'Leary (eds.). Terror, Insurgency, and the State: Ending Protracted Conflicts . University of Pennsylvania Press. pp. 134–. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0812239744) (Special:BookSources/978-0812239744) 978-0812239744  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hamas%3A+Harakat+al-Muqamama+al-Islamiyya&rft.btitle=Terror%2C+Insurgency%2C+and+the+State%3A+Ending+Protracted+Conflicts&rft.pages=134-&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0812239744&rft.aulast=Gunning&rft.aufirst=Jeroen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dm8_pM7Ncij8C%26pg%3DPA134&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Halabi, Yakub (2016). Democratic Peace Across the Middle East: Islam and Political Modernisation . London: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I.B._Tauris) (I.B. Tauris) I.B. Tauris . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780857728821) (Special:BookSources/9780857728821) 9780857728821  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Democratic+Peace+Across+the+Middle+East%3A+Islam+and+Political+Modernisation&rft.place=London&rft.pub=I.B.+Tauris&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9780857728821&rft.aulast=Halabi&rft.aufirst=Yakub&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Haspeslagh, Sophie (2016). (https://books.google.com/books?id=tbxYCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA189) " "Listing terrorists"; the impact of proscription on third-party efforts to engage armed groups in peace processes- a practitioner's perspective' " . In Tellidis, Ioannis; Toros, Harmonie (eds.). Terrorism: Bridging the Gap with Peace and Conflict Studies: Investigating the Crossroad . Routledge. pp. 189– 207. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1317665595) (Special:BookSources/978-1317665595) 978-1317665595  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%22Listing+terrorists%22%3B+the+impact+of+proscription+on+third-party+efforts+to+engage+armed+groups+in+peace+processes-+a+practitioner%27s+perspective%27&rft.btitle=Terrorism%3A+Bridging+the+Gap+with+Peace+and+Conflict+Studies%3A+Investigating+the+Crossroad&rft.pages=189-207&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1317665595&rft.aulast=Haspeslagh&rft.aufirst=Sophie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtbxYCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA189&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Herrick, Julie C. (2011). (https://books.google.com/books?id=xyMjPQDzIp8C&pg=PA179) "Non-State Actors: A Comparative Analysis of Change and Development Within Hamas and Hezbollah" . In Korany, Bahgat (ed.). The Changing Middle East: A New Look at Regional Dynamics . Oxford University Press. pp. 167– 95. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9774165139) (Special:BookSources/978-9774165139) 978-9774165139  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Non-State+Actors%3A+A+Comparative+Analysis+of+Change+and+Development+Within+Hamas+and+Hezbollah&rft.btitle=The+Changing+Middle+East%3A+A+New+Look+at+Regional+Dynamics&rft.pages=167-95&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-9774165139&rft.aulast=Herrick&rft.aufirst=Julie+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxyMjPQDzIp8C%26pg%3DPA179&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Hueston, Harry Raymond; Pierpaoli, Paul G.; Zahar, Sherifa (2014). (https://books.google.com/books?id=xveCBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA67) "Hamas" . In Roberts, Priscilla (ed.). Arab-Israeli Conflict: The Essential Reference Guide . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABC-CLIO) (ABC-CLIO) ABC-CLIO . pp. 67– 71. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1610690683) (Special:BookSources/978-1610690683) 978-1610690683  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hamas&rft.btitle=Arab-Israeli+Conflict%3A+The+Essential+Reference+Guide&rft.pages=67-71&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1610690683&rft.aulast=Hueston&rft.aufirst=Harry+Raymond&rft.au=Pierpaoli%2C+Paul+G.&rft.au=Zahar%2C+Sherifa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxveCBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA67&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Hroub, Khaled (2006). (https://books.google.com/books?id=-XsW4-8VVJ4C&pg=PA33) Hamas: A Beginner's Guide  . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto_Press) (Pluto Press) Pluto Press . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0745325910) (Special:BookSources/978-0745325910) 978-0745325910  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hamas%3A+A+Beginner%27s+Guide&rft.pub=Pluto+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0745325910&rft.aulast=Hroub&rft.aufirst=Khaled&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-XsW4-8VVJ4C%26pg%3DPA33&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Jefferis, Jennifer (2016). (https://books.google.com/books?id=rzRpCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA150) Hamas: Terrorism, Governance, and Its Future in Middle East Politics  . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABC-CLIO) (ABC-CLIO) ABC-CLIO . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1440839030) (Special:BookSources/978-1440839030) 978-1440839030  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hamas%3A+Terrorism%2C+Governance%2C+and+Its+Future+in+Middle+East+Politics&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1440839030&rft.aulast=Jefferis&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrzRpCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA150&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Kabahā, Muṣṭafá (2014). (https://books.google.com/books?id=QyTCNAEACAAJ) The Palestinian People: Seeking Sovereignty and State  . [ Boulder, CO], (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lynne_Rienner_Publishers) (Lynne Rienner Publishers) Lynne Rienner Publishers . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1588268822) (Special:BookSources/978-1588268822) 978-1588268822  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Palestinian+People%3A+Seeking+Sovereignty+and+State&rft.pub=%5B+Boulder%2C+CO%5D%2C+Lynne+Rienner+Publishers&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1588268822&rft.aulast=Kabah%C4%81&rft.aufirst=Mu%E1%B9%A3%E1%B9%ADaf%C3%A1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQyTCNAEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Kass, Ilana; O'Neill, Bard E. (1997). (https://books.google.com/books?id=ApANDp1XzmgC&pg=PA267) The Deadly Embrace: The Impact of Israeli and Palestinian Rejectionism on the Peace Process  . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_Press_of_America) (University Press of America) University Press of America /National Institute for Public Policy. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0761805359) (Special:BookSources/978-0761805359) 978-0761805359  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Deadly+Embrace%3A+The+Impact+of+Israeli+and+Palestinian+Rejectionism+on+the+Peace+Process&rft.pub=University+Press+of+America%2FNational+Institute+for+Public+Policy&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0761805359&rft.aulast=Kass&rft.aufirst=Ilana&rft.au=O%27Neill%2C+Bard+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DApANDp1XzmgC%26pg%3DPA267&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Kear, Martin (2018). (https://books.google.com/books?id=Yfl0DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT22) Hamas and Palestine: The Contested Road to Statehood  . Routledge. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0429999406) (Special:BookSources/978-0429999406) 978-0429999406  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hamas+and+Palestine%3A+The+Contested+Road+to+Statehood&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-0429999406&rft.aulast=Kear&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYfl0DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Levitt) (Matthew Levitt) Levitt, Matthew (2006). (https://archive.org/details/hamaspoliticscha00levi) Hamas: Politics, Charity, and Terrorism in the Service of Jihad  . Yale University Press. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0300122589) (Special:BookSources/978-0300122589) 978-0300122589  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hamas%3A+Politics%2C+Charity%2C+and+Terrorism+in+the+Service+of+Jihad&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0300122589&rft.aulast=Levitt&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhamaspoliticscha00levi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Levitt) (Matthew Levitt) Levitt, Matthew (2008). (https://books.google.com/books?id=F5EmiYXQUcsC&pg=PA89) Negotiating Under Fire: Preserving Peace Talks in the Face of Terror Attacks  . Rowman & Littlefield. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0742565661) (Special:BookSources/978-0742565661) 978-0742565661  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Negotiating+Under+Fire%3A+Preserving+Peace+Talks+in+the+Face+of+Terror+Attacks&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0742565661&rft.aulast=Levitt&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DF5EmiYXQUcsC%26pg%3DPA89&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meir_Litvak) (Meir Litvak) Litvak, Meir (2004). (https://books.google.com/books?id=TuaQAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA156) "Religious and Nationalist Fanaticism:Hamas" . In Hughes, Matthew; Johnson, Gaynor (eds.). Fanaticism and Conflict in the Modern Age . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Cass) (Frank Cass) Frank Cass . pp. 156– 72. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1135753641) (Special:BookSources/978-1135753641) 978-1135753641  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Religious+and+Nationalist+Fanaticism%3AHamas&rft.btitle=Fanaticism+and+Conflict+in+the+Modern+Age&rft.pages=156-72&rft.pub=Frank+Cass&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1135753641&rft.aulast=Litvak&rft.aufirst=Meir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTuaQAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA156&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Lybarger, Loren D. (2020). Palestinian Chicago . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_California_Press) (University of California Press) University of California Press . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Palestinian+Chicago&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Lybarger&rft.aufirst=Loren+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Mabon, Simon; Ardovini, Lucia (2018). Sectarianism in the Contemporary Middle East . London: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routledge) (Routledge) Routledge . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781315097930) (Special:BookSources/9781315097930) 9781315097930  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sectarianism+in+the+Contemporary+Middle+East&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=9781315097930&rft.aulast=Mabon&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft.au=Ardovini%2C+Lucia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Mishal, Shaul; Sela, Avraham (2006). (https://books.google.com/books?id=AO-tZkbPDKYC) The Palestinian Hamas: vision, violence, and coexistence  . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_University_Press) (Columbia University Press) Columbia University Press . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780231140065) (Special:BookSources/9780231140065) 9780231140065  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Palestinian+Hamas%3A+vision%2C+violence%2C+and+coexistence&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780231140065&rft.aulast=Mishal&rft.aufirst=Shaul&rft.au=Sela%2C+Avraham&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAO-tZkbPDKYC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Mukhimer, Tariq (2012). (https://books.google.com/books?id=ktH7CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1) Hamas Rule in Gaza: Human Rights Under Constraint  . Palgrave Macmillan. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1137310194) (Special:BookSources/978-1137310194) 978-1137310194  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hamas+Rule+in+Gaza%3A+Human+Rights+Under+Constraint&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1137310194&rft.aulast=Mukhimer&rft.aufirst=Tariq&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DktH7CwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Najib, Mohammad; Friedrich, Roland (2007). (https://books.google.com/books?id=icV4k__xMmgC&pg=PA106) "Non-Statutory Armed Groups and Security Sector Governance" . In Friedrich, Roland; Luethold, Arnold (eds.). Entry-points to Palestinian Security Sector Reform . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DCAF) (DCAF) DCAF . pp. 101– 127. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9292220617) (Special:BookSources/978-9292220617) 978-9292220617  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Non-Statutory+Armed+Groups+and+Security+Sector+Governance&rft.btitle=Entry-points+to+Palestinian+Security+Sector+Reform&rft.pages=101-127&rft.pub=DCAF&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-9292220617&rft.aulast=Najib&rft.aufirst=Mohammad&rft.au=Friedrich%2C+Roland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DicV4k__xMmgC%26pg%3DPA106&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  O'Malley, Padraig (2015). (https://books.google.com/books?id=3_kVBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA126) The Two-State Delusion: Israel and Palestine – A Tale of Two Narratives  . Penguin Publishing Group. pp. 126–. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0698192188) (Special:BookSources/978-0698192188) 978-0698192188  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Two-State+Delusion%3A+Israel+and+Palestine+%E2%80%93+A+Tale+of+Two+Narratives&rft.pages=126-&rft.pub=Penguin+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-0698192188&rft.aulast=O%27Malley&rft.aufirst=Padraig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3_kVBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA126&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Phillips, David L. (2011). (https://books.google.com/books?id=cNq0gvBPcGQC&pg=PA81) From Bullets to Ballots: Violent Muslim Movements in Transition  . Transaction Publishers. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1412812016) (Special:BookSources/978-1412812016) 978-1412812016  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Bullets+to+Ballots%3A+Violent+Muslim+Movements+in+Transition&rft.pub=Transaction+Publishers&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1412812016&rft.aulast=Phillips&rft.aufirst=David+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcNq0gvBPcGQC%26pg%3DPA81&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halim_Rane) (Halim Rane) Rane, Halim (2009). Reconstructing Jihad Amid Competing International Norms . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reconstructing+Jihad+Amid+Competing+International+Norms&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Rane&rft.aufirst=Halim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Robinson, Glenn E. (2004). (https://books.google.com/books?id=0Oljj6FhZZ4C&pg=PA130) "Hamas as a Social Movement" . In Wiktorowicz, Quintan (ed.). Islamic Activism: A Social Movement Theory Approach . Indiana University Press. pp. 112– 39. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0253216212) (Special:BookSources/978-0253216212) 978-0253216212  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Hamas+as+a+Social+Movement&rft.btitle=Islamic+Activism%3A+A+Social+Movement+Theory+Approach&rft.pages=112-39&rft.pub=Indiana+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0253216212&rft.aulast=Robinson&rft.aufirst=Glenn+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0Oljj6FhZZ4C%26pg%3DPA130&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sara_Roy) (Sara Roy) Roy, Sara (2013). (https://books.google.com/books?id=wmmYDwAAQBAJ) Hamas and Civil Society in Gaza: Engaging the Islamist Social Sector  (2 ed.). Princeton University Press. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0691124483) (Special:BookSources/978-0691124483) 978-0691124483  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hamas+and+Civil+Society+in+Gaza%3A+Engaging+the+Islamist+Social+Sector&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0691124483&rft.aulast=Roy&rft.aufirst=Sara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwmmYDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheryl_Rubenberg) (Cheryl Rubenberg) Rubenberg, Cheryl (2001). (https://archive.org/details/palestinianwomen0000rube/page/231) Palestinian Women: Patriarchy and Resistance in the West Bank  . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lynne_Rienner_Publishers) (Lynne Rienner Publishers) Lynne Rienner Publishers . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1555879563) (Special:BookSources/978-1555879563) 978-1555879563  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Palestinian+Women%3A+Patriarchy+and+Resistance+in+the+West+Bank&rft.pub=Lynne+Rienner+Publishers&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1555879563&rft.aulast=Rubenberg&rft.aufirst=Cheryl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpalestinianwomen0000rube%2Fpage%2F231&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Seurat, Leila (2019). The Foreign Policy of Hamas . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloomsbury_Publishing) (Bloomsbury Publishing) Bloomsbury Publishing . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781838607449) (Special:BookSources/9781838607449) 9781838607449  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Foreign+Policy+of+Hamas&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9781838607449&rft.aulast=Seurat&rft.aufirst=Leila&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Seurat, Leila (2022). The Foreign Policy of Hamas: Ideology, Decision Making and Political Supremacy . I.B. Tauris. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781838607456) (Special:BookSources/9781838607456) 9781838607456  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Foreign+Policy+of+Hamas%3A+Ideology%2C+Decision+Making+and+Political+Supremacy&rft.pub=I.B.+Tauris&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=9781838607456&rft.aulast=Seurat&rft.aufirst=Leila&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Shitrit, Lihi Ben (2015). (https://books.google.com/books?id=zUjuCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA71) Righteous Transgressions: Women's Activism on the Israeli and Palestinian Religious Right  . Princeton University Press. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1400873845) (Special:BookSources/978-1400873845) 978-1400873845  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Righteous+Transgressions%3A+Women%27s+Activism+on+the+Israeli+and+Palestinian+Religious+Right&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1400873845&rft.aulast=Shitrit&rft.aufirst=Lihi+Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzUjuCQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA71&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Slater, Jerome (2020). (https://books.google.com/books?id=y1AAEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA280) Mythologies Without End: The US, Israel, and the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 1917–2020  . Oxford University Press. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0190459086) (Special:BookSources/978-0190459086) 978-0190459086  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mythologies+Without+End%3A+The+US%2C+Israel%2C+and+the+Arab-Israeli+Conflict%2C+1917%E2%80%932020&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-0190459086&rft.aulast=Slater&rft.aufirst=Jerome&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dy1AAEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA280&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Stepanova, Ekaterina (2008). (https://web.archive.org/web/20160310143530/http://books.sipri.org/files/RR/SIPRIRR23.pdf) Terrorism in Asymmetrical Conflict: Ideological and Structural Aspects  (PDF) . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SIPRI) (SIPRI) SIPRI / Oxford University Press. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0199533558) (Special:BookSources/978-0199533558) 978-0199533558  . Archived from (http://books.sipri.org/files/RR/SIPRIRR23.pdf) the original (PDF) on 10 March 2016. Retrieved 5 May 2015 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Terrorism+in+Asymmetrical+Conflict%3A+Ideological+and+Structural+Aspects&rft.pub=SIPRI+%2F+Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0199533558&rft.aulast=Stepanova&rft.aufirst=Ekaterina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.sipri.org%2Ffiles%2FRR%2FSIPRIRR23.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Vittori, Jodi (2011). (https://books.google.com/books?id=ra_GAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA193) Terrorist Financing and Resourcing  . Palgrave Macmillan. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0230117716) (Special:BookSources/978-0230117716) 978-0230117716  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Terrorist+Financing+and+Resourcing&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0230117716&rft.aulast=Vittori&rft.aufirst=Jodi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dra_GAAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA193&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Zartman, Jonathan K. (19 March 2020). Conflict in the Modern Middle East . Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4408-6502-2) (Special:BookSources/978-1-4408-6502-2) 978-1-4408-6502-2  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conflict+in+the+Modern+Middle+East&rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+California&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2020-03-19&rft.isbn=978-1-4408-6502-2&rft.aulast=Zartman&rft.aufirst=Jonathan+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)      Journal articles  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1365158831)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Abu-Amr, Ziad (Summer 1993). "Hamas: A Historical and Political Background". (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal_of_Palestine_Studies) (Journal of Palestine Studies) Journal of Palestine Studies  . 22 (4): 5– 19. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) (Doi (identifier)) doi :(https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2538077) 10.2307/2538077 . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) (JSTOR (identifier)) JSTOR  (https://www.jstor.org/stable/2538077) 2538077 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Palestine+Studies&rft.atitle=Hamas%3A+A+Historical+and+Political+Background&rft.ssn=summer&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=5-19&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2538077&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2538077%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Abu-Amr&rft.aufirst=Ziad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Gunning, Jeroen (March 2004). "Peace with Hamas? The Transforming Potential of Political Participation". International Affairs . 80 (2). (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Institute_of_International_Affairs) (Royal Institute of International Affairs) Royal Institute of International Affairs : 233– 55. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) (Doi (identifier)) doi :(https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1468-2346.2004.00381.x) 10.1111/j.1468-2346.2004.00381.x . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) (JSTOR (identifier)) JSTOR  (https://www.jstor.org/stable/3569240) 3569240 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Affairs&rft.atitle=Peace+with+Hamas%3F+The+Transforming+Potential+of+Political+Participation&rft.volume=80&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=233-55&rft.date=2004-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1468-2346.2004.00381.x&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3569240%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Gunning&rft.aufirst=Jeroen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Herzog, Michael (March–April 2006). "Can Hamas Be Tamed?". Foreign Affairs . 85 (2): 83– 94. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) (Doi (identifier)) doi :(https://doi.org/10.2307%2F20031913) 10.2307/20031913 . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) (JSTOR (identifier)) JSTOR  (https://www.jstor.org/stable/20031913) 20031913 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Affairs&rft.atitle=Can+Hamas+Be+Tamed%3F&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=83-94&rft.date=2006-03%2F2006-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F20031913&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20031913%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Herzog&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Hroub, Khaled (Summer 2006b). "A 'New Hamas' through Its New Documents". (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal_of_Palestine_Studies) (Journal of Palestine Studies) Journal of Palestine Studies  . 35 (4): 6– 27. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) (Doi (identifier)) doi :(https://doi.org/10.1525%2Fjps.2006.35.4.6) 10.1525/jps.2006.35.4.6 . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) (JSTOR (identifier)) JSTOR  (https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1525/jps.2006.35.4.6) 10.1525/jps.2006.35.4.6 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Palestine+Studies&rft.atitle=A+%27New+Hamas%27+through+Its+New+Documents&rft.ssn=summer&rft.volume=35&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=6-27&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1525%2Fjps.2006.35.4.6&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F10.1525%2Fjps.2006.35.4.6%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Hroub&rft.aufirst=Khaled&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meir_Litvak) (Meir Litvak) Litvak, Meir (January 1998). "The Islamization of the Palestinian-Israeli Conflict: The Case of Hamas". (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Eastern_Studies) (Middle Eastern Studies) Middle Eastern Studies  . 34 (1): 148– 63. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) (Doi (identifier)) doi :(https://doi.org/10.1080%2F00263209808701214) 10.1080/00263209808701214 . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) (JSTOR (identifier)) JSTOR  (https://www.jstor.org/stable/4283922) 4283922 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+Eastern+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Islamization+of+the+Palestinian-Israeli+Conflict%3A+The+Case+of+Hamas&rft.volume=34&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=148-63&rft.date=1998-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F00263209808701214&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F4283922%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Litvak&rft.aufirst=Meir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sara_Roy) (Sara Roy) Roy, Sara (Summer 1993). "Gaza: New Dynamics of Civic Disintegration". (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal_of_Palestine_Studies) (Journal of Palestine Studies) Journal of Palestine Studies  . 22 (4): 20– 31. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) (Doi (identifier)) doi :(https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2538078) 10.2307/2538078 . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) (JSTOR (identifier)) JSTOR  (https://www.jstor.org/stable/2538078) 2538078 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Palestine+Studies&rft.atitle=Gaza%3A+New+Dynamics+of+Civic+Disintegration&rft.ssn=summer&rft.volume=22&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=20-31&rft.date=1993&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2538078&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2538078%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Roy&rft.aufirst=Sara&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)      Other  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1365158831)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.arabnews.com/node/1479531/middle-east) "Hamas West Bank leader given six-month detention without trial" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_News) (Arab News) Arab News . Agence France-Presse. 8 April 2019. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Hamas+West+Bank+leader+given+six-month+detention+without+trial&rft.date=2019-04-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.arabnews.com%2Fnode%2F1479531%2Fmiddle-east&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Assi, Seraj (16 December 2018). (Paid subscription required) (https://www.haaretz.com/middle-east-news/2018-12-16/ty-article-opinion/.premium/hamas-owes-its-from-the-river-to-the-sea-slogan-to-zionists/0000017f-deef-d3ff-a7ff-ffef96ca0000) "Hamas Owes Its 'Palestine From the River to the Sea' Slogan to Zionism"  . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haaretz) (Haaretz) Haaretz  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=Hamas+Owes+Its+%27Palestine+From+the+River+to+the+Sea%27+Slogan+to+Zionism&rft.date=2018-12-16&rft.aulast=Assi&rft.aufirst=Seraj&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fmiddle-east-news%2F2018-12-16%2Fty-article-opinion%2F.premium%2Fhamas-owes-its-from-the-river-to-the-sea-slogan-to-zionists%2F0000017f-deef-d3ff-a7ff-ffef96ca0000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Barzak, Ibrahim (11 June 2011). (https://archive.boston.com/bostonglobe/obituaries/articles/2011/06/11/muhammad_hassan_shama_little_known_hamas_founder/) "Muhammad Hassan Shama, little-known Hamas founder" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Boston_Globe) (The Boston Globe) The Boston Globe  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=Muhammad+Hassan+Shama%2C+little-known+Hamas+founder&rft.date=2011-06-11&rft.aulast=Barzak&rft.aufirst=Ibrahim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.boston.com%2Fbostonglobe%2Fobituaries%2Farticles%2F2011%2F06%2F11%2Fmuhammad_hassan_shama_little_known_hamas_founder%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.dw.com/en/un-general-assembly-rejects-us-resolution-to-condemn-hamas/a-46623413) "UN General Assembly rejects US resolution to condemn Hamas" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Welle) (Deutsche Welle) Deutsche Welle . 7 December 2018. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=UN+General+Assembly+rejects+US+resolution+to+condemn+Hamas&rft.date=2018-12-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fun-general-assembly-rejects-us-resolution-to-condemn-hamas%2Fa-46623413&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Dalloul, Motasem A (14 December 2017). (https://www.middleeastmonitor.com/20171214-interview-with-dr-ibrahim-al-yazouri-a-founder-of-hamas/) "Interview with Dr Ibrahim Al-Yazouri, a founder of Hamas" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_East_Monitor) (Middle East Monitor) Middle East Monitor . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview+with+Dr+Ibrahim+Al-Yazouri%2C+a+founder+of+Hamas&rft.pub=Middle+East+Monitor&rft.date=2017-12-14&rft.aulast=Dalloul&rft.aufirst=Motasem+A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.middleeastmonitor.com%2F20171214-interview-with-dr-ibrahim-al-yazouri-a-founder-of-hamas%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Winer, Stuart (15 October 2023). (https://www.timesofisrael.com/hamas-actions-are-war-crimes-could-constitute-genocide-international-law-experts/) "Hamas actions are war crimes, could constitute genocide – international law experts" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Times_of_Israel) (Times of Israel) Times of Israel  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Hamas+actions+are+war+crimes%2C+could+constitute+genocide+%E2%80%93+international+law+experts&rft.date=2023-10-15&rft.aulast=Winer&rft.aufirst=Stuart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fhamas-actions-are-war-crimes-could-constitute-genocide-international-law-experts%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Winer, Stuart (18 October 2023). (https://www.genocidewatch.com/single-post/legal-experts-hamas-committed-war-crimes-genocide) "Legal Experts: Hamas committed War Crimes, Genocide" . genocidewatch . Retrieved 7 December 2023 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=genocidewatch&rft.atitle=Legal+Experts%3A+Hamas+committed+War+Crimes%2C+Genocide&rft.date=2023-10-18&rft.aulast=Winer&rft.aufirst=Stuart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.genocidewatch.com%2Fsingle-post%2Flegal-experts-hamas-committed-war-crimes-genocide&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)        Further reading  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Flamer, Netanel (2024). (https://www.google.com/books/edition/The_Hamas_Intelligence_War_against_Israe/hSPl0AEACAAJ) The Hamas Intelligence War against Israel  . Cambridge University Press. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hamas+Intelligence+War+against+Israel&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2024&rft.aulast=Flamer&rft.aufirst=Netanel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fbooks%2Fedition%2FThe_Hamas_Intelligence_War_against_Israe%2FhSPl0AEACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Milton-Edwards, Beverley; (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Farrell_(journalist)) (Stephen Farrell (journalist)) Farrell, Stephen (2024). (https://www.google.com/books/edition/Hamas/Qghx0AEACAAJ?hl=en) Hamas: The Quest for Power  . Polity Press. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hamas%3A+The+Quest+for+Power&rft.pub=Polity+Press&rft.date=2024&rft.aulast=Milton-Edwards&rft.aufirst=Beverley&rft.au=Farrell%2C+Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fbooks%2Fedition%2FHamas%2FQghx0AEACAAJ%3Fhl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Saleh, Mohsen Mohammad, ed. (2017). (https://www.alzaytouna.net/english/books/Eng-Book_Hamas_Thought_Experience/Book_Hamas_Thought_Experience_Full.pdf) Islamic Resistance Movement, Hamas: Studies of Though & Experience  (PDF) . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beirut) (Beirut) Beirut : Al-Zaytouna Centre. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9953-572-63-5) (Special:BookSources/978-9953-572-63-5) 978-9953-572-63-5  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islamic+Resistance+Movement%2C+Hamas%3A+Studies+of+Though+%26+Experience&rft.place=Beirut&rft.pub=Al-Zaytouna+Centre&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-9953-572-63-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alzaytouna.net%2Fenglish%2Fbooks%2FEng-Book_Hamas_Thought_Experience%2FBook_Hamas_Thought_Experience_Full.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHamas)     External links   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409)   Hamas at Wikipedia's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects) (Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects) sister projects   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg) (Wiktionary logo)    (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Hamas) (wikt:Hamas) Definitions from Wiktionary  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg) (Wikimedia Commons logo)    (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Hamas) (c:Category:Hamas) Media from Commons  ()    (https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Hamas) (q:Hamas) Quotations from Wikiquote  ()    (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38799) (d:Q38799) Data from Wikidata      (./Category:Pages_using_Sister_project_links_with_hidden_wikidata#d)   (https://web.archive.org/web/20090327103910/http://www.cfr.org/publication/9811/hamas_leaders.html) Hamas leaders (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_on_Foreign_Relations) (Council on Foreign Relations) CFR  (http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/hamas.asp) Hamas Charter of 1988  (https://web.archive.org/web/20231030163224/https://irp.fas.org/world/para/docs/hamas-2017.pdf) Hamas 2017 Document of General Principles & Policies (English translation published by Hamas, via (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Archive) (Internet Archive) Internet Archive ) (http://www.mideastweb.org/hamas.htm) The Covenant of the Islamic Resistance Movement (Hamas) (includes interpretation) (https://web.archive.org/web/20170901180015/http://www.mideastweb.org/hamas.htm) Archived 1 September 2017 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)   (https://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/24/world/middleeast/24gaza.html) Hamas Shifts From Rockets to Public Relations The New York Times , 23 July 2009 (https://web.archive.org/web/20100728103620/http://www.qassam.ps/statement-1319-Twenty_two_years_on_the_start_of_Hamas_movement.html) 22 years on the start of Hamas (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qassam_Brigades) (Al-Qassam Brigades) Al-Qassam Brigades ' Information Office Sherifa Zuhur, (https://fas.org/man/eprint/zuhur.pdf) Hamas and Israel: Conflicting Strategies of Group-Based Politics (https://web.archive.org/web/20230621222004/https://fas.org/man/eprint/zuhur.pdf) Archived 21 June 2023 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)  (PDF file) December 2008 (https://web.archive.org/web/20110720065737/http://www.phrmg.org/Fatah%20and%20hamas%20abuses%20since%20June%202007%20report%20_2_.pdf) Fatah and Hamas Human Rights Violations in the Palestinian Occupied Territories in 2007 by the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Human_Rights_Monitoring_Group) (Palestinian Human Rights Monitoring Group) Palestinian Human Rights Monitoring Group   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)    (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Hamas) (Template:Hamas) (View this template) v   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Hamas) (Template talk:Hamas) (Discuss this template) t   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hamas) (Special:EditPage/Template:Hamas) (Edit this template) e     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas) Hamas     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Hamas) (History of Hamas) History    General  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1988_Hamas_charter) (1988 Hamas charter) Original Charter  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Hamas_charter) (2017 Hamas charter) Revised Charter  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992_deportation_of_Hamas_members) (1992 deportation of Hamas members) 1992 deportations  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas–UNRWA_Holocaust_dispute) (Hamas–UNRWA Holocaust dispute) UNRWA Holocaust dispute  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/25th_anniversary_of_Hamas) (25th anniversary of Hamas) 25th anniversary of Hamas (2012)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatah–Hamas_conflict) (Fatah–Hamas conflict) Fatah–Hamas conflict   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Gaza_(2007)) (Battle of Gaza (2007)) Takeover of the Gaza Strip  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_Hamas_political_violence_in_Gaza) (2009 Hamas political violence in Gaza) 2009 Hamas political violence in Gaza  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatah–Hamas_reconciliation_process) (Fatah–Hamas reconciliation process) Reconciliation process (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatah–Hamas_Mecca_Agreement) (Fatah–Hamas Mecca Agreement) Mecca Agreement  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatah–Hamas_Doha_Agreement) (Fatah–Hamas Doha Agreement) Doha Agreement  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Fatah–Hamas_Cairo_Agreement) (2012 Fatah–Hamas Cairo Agreement) Cairo Agreement  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Palestinian_reconciliation_agreement) (2022 Palestinian reconciliation agreement) Algiers Declaration        (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza–Israel_conflict) (Gaza–Israel conflict) Gaza–Israel conflict    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas_in_the_First_Intifada) (Hamas in the First Intifada) First Intifada (1987–1993) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Intifada) (Second Intifada) Second Intifada (2000–2005) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilad_Shalit) (Gilad Shalit) 2006 Gilad Shalit kidnapping ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilad_Shalit_prisoner_exchange) (Gilad Shalit prisoner exchange) 2011 prisoner exchange ) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_War_(2008–2009)) (Gaza War (2008–2009)) Gaza War (2008–2009)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Gaza_War) (2012 Gaza War) 2012 Gaza War  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Gaza_War) (2014 Gaza War) 2014 Gaza War  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Israel–Palestine_crisis) (2021 Israel–Palestine crisis) 2021 Israel–Palestine crisis      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_war) (Gaza war) Gaza war (2023–present)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_7_attacks) (October 7 attacks) October 7 attacks  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_war_hostage_crisis) (Gaza war hostage crisis) Hostage crisis  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Gaza_war_ceasefire) (2023 Gaza war ceasefire) 2023 ceasefire  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_2025_Gaza_war_ceasefire) (January 2025 Gaza war ceasefire) January 2025 ceasefire  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_peace_plan) (Gaza peace plan) Gaza peace plan                Governance   Palestinian Authority  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Haniyeh_Government) (First Haniyeh Government) First Haniyeh Government  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Haniyeh_Government) (Second Haniyeh Government) Second Haniyeh Government  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006–2007_economic_sanctions_against_the_Palestinian_National_Authority) (2006–2007 economic sanctions against the Palestinian National Authority) Economic sanctions      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_Strip_under_Hamas) (Gaza Strip under Hamas) Gaza Strip   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas_government_of_June_2007) (Hamas government of June 2007) 2007  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas_government_of_2012) (Hamas government of 2012) 2012  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas_government_of_October_2016) (Hamas government of October 2016) 2016  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Administrative_Committee_(Gaza)) (Supreme Administrative Committee (Gaza)) Supreme Administrative Committee           Political wing   People  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_leaders_of_Hamas) (List of leaders of Hamas) List of leaders of Hamas  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khaled_Mashal) (Khaled Mashal) Khaled Mashal  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismail_Haniyeh) (Ismail Haniyeh) Ismail Haniyeh  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahya_Sinwar) (Yahya Sinwar) Yahya Sinwar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_Sinwar) (Mohammed Sinwar) Mohammed Sinwar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basem_Naim) (Basem Naim) Basem Naim  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Baraka) (Ali Baraka) Ali Baraka  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mousa_Abu_Marzook) (Mousa Abu Marzook) Mousa Abu Marzook  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaher_Jabarin) (Zaher Jabarin) Zaher Jabarin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Issam_al-Da'alis) (Issam al-Da'alis) Issam al-Da'alis  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdel_Aziz_al-Rantisi) (Abdel Aziz al-Rantisi) Abdel Aziz al-Rantisi (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Rantisi_Hospital) (Al-Rantisi Hospital) hospital    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamila_al-Shanti) (Jamila al-Shanti) Jamila al-Shanti  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umm_Nidal) (Umm Nidal) Umm Nidal      Elections  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_Palestinian_presidential_election) (2005 Palestinian presidential election) 2005 presidential  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_Palestinian_legislative_election) (2006 Palestinian legislative election) 2006 legislative      Other  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas_temporary_committee) (Hamas temporary committee) Hamas temporary committee  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Salvation_Party) (Islamic Salvation Party) Islamic Salvation Party           Law and order  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interior_Minister_of_the_Gaza_Strip) (Interior Minister of the Gaza Strip) Interior Minister of the Gaza Strip (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ihab_al-Ghussein) (Ihab al-Ghussein) Ihab al-Ghussein    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Civil_Police_Force) (Palestinian Civil Police Force) Police (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faiq_Al-Mabhouh) (Faiq Al-Mabhouh) Faiq Al-Mabhouh  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Said_Seyam) (Said Seyam) Said Seyam    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_law) (Palestinian law) Palestinian law (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_the_Gaza_Strip) (Capital punishment in the Gaza Strip) Executions        Military wing   Units  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Joint_Operations_Room) (Palestinian Joint Operations Room) Palestinian Joint Operations Room  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qassam_Brigades) (Al-Qassam Brigades) Al-Qassam Brigades  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nukhba_forces) (Nukhba forces) Nukbha (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayman_Nofal) (Ayman Nofal) Ayman Nofal    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulkarm_Brigade) (Tulkarm Brigade) Tulkarm Brigade  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas_in_Lebanon) (Hamas in Lebanon) al-Aqsa Flood Vanguards unit      People  Leader: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khalil_al-Hayya) (Khalil al-Hayya) Khalil al-Hayya  Spokesperson: Abu Obeida (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saleh_al-Arouri) (Saleh al-Arouri) Saleh al-Arouri  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emad_Akel) (Emad Akel) Emad Akel  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahya_Ayyash) (Yahya Ayyash) Yahya Ayyash  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salah_Shehade) (Salah Shehade) Salah Shehade  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_Deif) (Mohammed Deif) Mohammed Deif  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marwan_Issa) (Marwan Issa) Marwan Issa  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adnan_al-Ghoul) (Adnan al-Ghoul) Adnan al-Ghoul  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mazen_Faqha) (Mazen Faqha) Mazen Faqha  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wa'el_Nassar) (Wa'el Nassar) Wa'el Nassar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed_Jabari) (Ahmed Jabari) Ahmed Jabari  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imad_Abbas) (Imad Abbas) Imad Abbas  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmoud_al-Mabhouh) (Mahmoud al-Mabhouh) Mahmoud al-Mabhouh  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nidal_Farahat) (Nidal Farahat) Nidal Farahat  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yunis_Al_Astal) (Yunis Al Astal) Yunis Al Astal  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed_Ghandour_(militant)) (Ahmed Ghandour (militant)) Ahmed Ghandour  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Obeida) (Abu Obeida) Abu Obeida  Women (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reem_Riyashi) (Reem Riyashi) Reem Riyashi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatma_Omar_An-Najar) (Fatma Omar An-Najar) Fatma Omar An-Najar        Operations  1989: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Avi_Sasportas_and_Ilan_Saadon) (Killing of Avi Sasportas and Ilan Saadon) Killing of Avi Sasportas and Ilan Saadon  1992: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abduction_and_killing_of_Nissim_Toledano) (Abduction and killing of Nissim Toledano) Abduction and killing of Nissim Toledano  1993: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehola_Junction_bombing) (Mehola Junction bombing) Mehola Junction bombing  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_Yaron_Chen) (Killing of Yaron Chen) Killing of Yaron Chen  1994: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afula_bus_suicide_bombing) (Afula bus suicide bombing) Afula bus suicide bombing  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadera_bus_station_suicide_bombing) (Hadera bus station suicide bombing) Hadera bus station suicide bombing  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abduction_and_killing_of_Nachshon_Wachsman) (Abduction and killing of Nachshon Wachsman) Abduction and killing of Nachshon Wachsman  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dizengoff_Street_bus_bombing) (Dizengoff Street bus bombing) Dizengoff Street bus bombing  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afula_axe_attack) (Afula axe attack) Afula axe attack  1995: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramat_Gan_bus_bombing) (Ramat Gan bus bombing) Ramat Gan bus bombing  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramat_Eshkol_bus_bombing) (Ramat Eshkol bus bombing) Ramat Eshkol bus bombing  1996: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaffa_Road_bus_bombings) (Jaffa Road bus bombings) Jaffa Road bus bombings  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dizengoff_Center_suicide_bombing) (Dizengoff Center suicide bombing) Dizengoff Center suicide bombing  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder_of_Yaron_and_Efrat_Ungar) (Murder of Yaron and Efrat Ungar) Murder of Yaron and Efrat Ungar  1997: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Café_Apropo_bombing) (Café Apropo bombing) Café Apropo bombing  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997_Mahane_Yehuda_Market_bombings) (1997 Mahane Yehuda Market bombings) Mahane Yehuda Market bombings  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Yehuda_Street_bombings#1997_bombing) (Ben Yehuda Street bombings) Ben Yehuda Street Bombing  2001: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001_Azor_attack) (2001 Azor attack) Azor attack  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001_Netanya_bombing) (2001 Netanya bombing) Netanya bombing  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001_HaSharon_Mall_suicide_bombing) (2001 HaSharon Mall suicide bombing) HaSharon Mall suicide bombing  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolphinarium_discotheque_bombing) (Dolphinarium discotheque bombing) Dolphinarium discotheque bombing  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sbarro_restaurant_suicide_bombing) (Sbarro restaurant suicide bombing) Sbarro restaurant suicide bombing  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nahariya_train_station_suicide_bombing) (Nahariya train station suicide bombing) Nahariya train station suicide bombing  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haifa_bus_16_suicide_bombing) (Haifa bus 16 suicide bombing) Haifa bus 16 suicide bombing  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001_Immanuel_bus_attack) (2001 Immanuel bus attack) Immanuel bus attack  2002: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atzmona_attack) (Atzmona attack) Atzmona attack  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Café_Moment_bombing) (Café Moment bombing) Café Moment bombing  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passover_massacre) (Passover massacre) Park Hotel suicide bombing  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiryat_HaYovel_supermarket_bombing) (Kiryat HaYovel supermarket bombing) Kiryat HaYovel supermarket bombing  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matza_restaurant_suicide_bombing) (Matza restaurant suicide bombing) Matza restaurant suicide bombing  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yagur_Junction_bombing) (Yagur Junction bombing) Yagur Junction bombing  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheffield_Club_bombing) (Sheffield Club bombing) Sheffield Club bombing  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netanya_Market_bombing) (Netanya Market bombing) Netanya Market bombing  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patt_Junction_bus_bombing) (Patt Junction bus bombing) Patt Junction bus bombing  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_University_bombing) (Hebrew University bombing) Hebrew University bombing  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meron_Junction_Bus_361_attack) (Meron Junction Bus 361 attack) Meron Junction Bus 361 attack  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allenby_Street_bus_bombing) (Allenby Street bus bombing) Allenby Street bus bombing  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonol_gas_station_bombing) (Sonol gas station bombing) Sonol gas station bombing  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiryat_Menachem_bus_bombing) (Kiryat Menachem bus bombing) Kiryat Menachem bus bombing  2003: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haifa_bus_37_suicide_bombing) (Haifa bus 37 suicide bombing) Haifa bus 37 suicide bombing  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike's_Place_suicide_bombing) (Mike's Place suicide bombing) Mike's Place suicide bombing  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003_French_Hill_suicide_bombings) (2003 French Hill suicide bombings) French Hill suicide bombings  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davidka_Square_bus_bombing) (Davidka Square bus bombing) Davidka Square bus bombing  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shmuel_HaNavi_bus_bombing) (Shmuel HaNavi bus bombing) Shmuel HaNavi bus bombing  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tzrifin_bus_stop_attack) (Tzrifin bus stop attack) Tzrifin bus stop attack  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Café_Hillel_bombing) (Café Hillel bombing) Café Hillel bombing  2004: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Erez_Crossing_bombing) (2004 Erez Crossing bombing) Erez Crossing bombing  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_Street_bus_bombing) (Gaza Street bus bombing) Gaza Street bus bombing  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Ashdod_Port_bombings) (2004 Ashdod Port bombings) Ashdod Port bombings  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beersheba_bus_bombings) (Beersheba bus bombings) Beersheba bus bombings  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IDF_outpost_bombing_attack_(December_2004)) (IDF outpost bombing attack (December 2004)) IDF outpost bombing  2005: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karni_border_crossing_attack) (Karni border crossing attack) Karni border crossing attack  2006: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_Gaza_cross-border_raid) (2006 Gaza cross-border raid) "Operation Dispersive Illusion"  2008: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_breach_of_the_Egypt–Gaza_border) (2008 breach of the Egypt–Gaza border) Breach of the Egypt–Gaza border  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Dimona_suicide_bombing) (2008 Dimona suicide bombing) Dimona suicide bombing  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_War_(2008–2009)) (Gaza War (2008–2009)) Battle of al-Furqan  2009: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Rafah_(2009)) (Battle of Rafah (2009)) Battle of Rafah  2010: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_2010_West_Bank_shooting_attack) (August 2010 West Bank shooting attack) August 2010 West Bank shooting attack  2011: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sha'ar_HaNegev_school_bus_attack) (Sha'ar HaNegev school bus attack) School bus attack  2012: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Gaza_War) (2012 Gaza War) "Operation Stones of Baked Clay"  2014: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Gaza_War) (2014 Gaza War) "Operation Devouring Storm" (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Shuja'iyya_(2014)) (Battle of Shuja'iyya (2014)) Battle of Shuja'iyya    2021: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Israel–Palestine_crisis) (2021 Israel–Palestine crisis) Unity Intifada  2023–present: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_war) (Gaza war) Battle of al-Aqsa Flood (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_7_attacks) (October 7 attacks) "Operation Al-Aqsa Flood"  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Givat_Shaul_shooting) (2023 Givat Shaul shooting) Givat Shaul shooting  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Ra'anana_attack) (2024 Ra'anana attack) Ra'anana attack  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Jaffa_shooting) (2024 Jaffa shooting) Jaffa shooting  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_al-Funduq_shooting) (2025 al-Funduq shooting) al-Funduq shooting  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Gaza_City_offensive) (2025 Gaza City offensive) "Operation Moses' Staff"        Weapons  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Bana) (Al-Bana) Al-Bana  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batar) (Batar) Batar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qassam_rocket) (Qassam rocket) Qassam rocket  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasin_(RPG)) (Yasin (RPG)) Yasin (RPG)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steyr_HS_.50_/_HS_.460#Al-Ghoul) (Steyr HS .50 / HS .460) Al-Ghoul rifle           Social services  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_University_of_Gaza) (Islamic University of Gaza) Islamic University of Gaza  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mujama_al-Islamiya) (Mujama al-Islamiya) Mujama al-Islamiya  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Authority_Martyrs_Fund) (Palestinian Authority Martyrs Fund) Palestinian Authority Martyrs Fund      Media  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Aqsa_TV) (Al-Aqsa TV) Al-Aqsa TV (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomorrow's_Pioneers) (Tomorrow's Pioneers) Tomorrow's Pioneers    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Voice_Radio) (Al-Aqsa Voice Radio) Al-Aqsa Voice Radio  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Quds_TV) (Al-Quds TV) Al-Quds TV  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shehab_News_Agency) (Shehab News Agency) Shehab News Agency  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Watan_(Palestine)) (Al-Watan (Palestine)) Al-Watan  (defunct)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Hamas) (Foreign relations of Hamas) Foreign relations   Support from ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_support_for_Hamas) (Iranian support for Hamas) Iran  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_support_for_Hamas) (Israeli support for Hamas) Israel  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qatari_support_for_Hamas) (Qatari support for Hamas) Qatar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_support_for_Hamas) (Turkish support for Hamas) Turkey ) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia–Hamas_relations) (Russia–Hamas relations) Russia  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas_in_Lebanon) (Hamas in Lebanon) Lebanon      Protests  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011–2012_Palestinian_protests) (2011–2012 Palestinian protests) 2011–2012 Palestinian protests  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Gaza_economic_protests) (2019 Gaza economic protests) 2019 Gaza economic protests  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Gaza_economic_protests) (2023 Gaza economic protests) 2023 Gaza economic protests  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Gaza_Strip_anti-Hamas_protests) (2025 Gaza Strip anti-Hamas protests) 2025 Gaza Strip anti-Hamas protests  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_26_Revolution) (June 26 Revolution) June 26 Revolution      Related articles  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas_baby_beheading_hoax) (Hamas baby beheading hoax) Baby beheading hoax  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Hamas) (Criticism of Hamas) Criticism of Hamas (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_war_crimes) (Palestinian war crimes) Palestinian war crimes  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas_most_wanted_playing_cards) (Hamas most wanted playing cards) Hamas most wanted playing cards    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Do_you_condemn_Hamas%3F) (Do you condemn Hamas?) Do you condemn Hamas?  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Prisoners'_Document) (Palestinian Prisoners' Document) Palestinian Prisoners' Document      (Category) ()    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Hamas) (Category:Hamas) Category:Hamas         (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1364279517)    (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Palestinian_political_parties) (Template:Palestinian political parties) (View this template) v   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Palestinian_political_parties) (Template talk:Palestinian political parties) (Discuss this template) t   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Palestinian_political_parties) (Special:EditPage/Template:Palestinian political parties) (Edit this template) e     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Palestine) (List of political parties in Palestine) Political parties in Palestine    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Legislative_Council) (Palestinian Legislative Council) Palestinian Legislative Council  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas) Hamas (74) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatah) (Fatah) Fatah (45) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine) (Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine) Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP)  (3) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_National_Initiative) (Palestinian National Initiative) Palestinian National Initiative (PNI)  (2) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Way_(Palestinian_political_party)) (Third Way (Palestinian political party)) Third Way (2) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine) (Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine) Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine (DFLP)  (1) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_People's_Party) (Palestinian People's Party) Palestinian People's Party (PPP)  (1)     Other (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Liberation_Front) (Arab Liberation Front) Arab Liberation Front (ALF)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/As-Sa'iqa) (As-Sa'iqa) As-Sa'iqa  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Liberation_Front) (Palestinian Liberation Front) Palestinian Liberation Front (Abu Abbas) (PLF)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Liberation_Front_(Abu_Nidal_Ashqar_wing)) (Palestinian Liberation Front (Abu Nidal Ashqar wing)) Palestinian Liberation Front (Abu Nidal Ashqar) (PLF)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Arab_Front) (Palestinian Arab Front) Palestinian Arab Front (PAF)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Communist_Party_(1991)) (Palestinian Communist Party (1991)) Palestinian Communist Party (PCP)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Democratic_Union) (Palestinian Democratic Union) Palestinian Democratic Union (FIDA)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Freedom_Movement) (Palestinian Freedom Movement) Palestinian Freedom Movement  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Popular_Struggle_Front) (Palestinian Popular Struggle Front) Palestinian Popular Struggle Front (Samir Ghawshah) (PPSF)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Popular_Struggle_Front_(1991)) (Palestinian Popular Struggle Front (1991)) Palestinian Popular Struggle Front (Khalid ‘Abd al-Majid) (PPSF)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Justice) (Palestinian Justice) Palestinian Justice (PJP)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Coalition_for_Justice_and_Democracy) (National Coalition for Justice and Democracy) National Coalition for Justice and Democracy (Wa'ad)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reform_and_Development_Party_(Palestine)) (Reform and Development Party (Palestine)) Reform and Development Party (RDPP)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolutionary_Palestinian_Communist_Party) (Revolutionary Palestinian Communist Party) Revolutionary Palestinian Communist Party (RPCP)       (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_the_Palestinian_National_Authority) (Politics of the Palestinian National Authority) Politics of the Palestinian National Authority  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_political_parties_by_country) (List of political parties by country) Lists of political parties  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg) (icon)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Politics) (Portal:Politics) Politics portal         (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1364279517)    (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Israeli–Palestinian_conflict) (Template:Israeli–Palestinian conflict) (View this template) v   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Israeli–Palestinian_conflict) (Template talk:Israeli–Palestinian conflict) (Discuss this template) t   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Israeli–Palestinian_conflict) (Special:EditPage/Template:Israeli–Palestinian conflict) (Edit this template) e     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli–Palestinian_conflict) (Israeli–Palestinian conflict) Israeli–Palestinian conflict    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Israeli–Palestinian_conflict) (History of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict) History     Participants    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israelis) (Israelis) Israelis  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_Defense_Forces) (Israel Defense Forces) Israel Defense Forces  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_Police) (Israel Police) Israel Police  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mossad) (Mossad) Mossad  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shin_Bet) (Shin Bet) Shabak (Shin Bet)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_nationalism) (Palestinian nationalism) Palestinians   Principals (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-Palestine_Protectorate) (All-Palestine Protectorate) All-Palestine Protectorate  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestine_Liberation_Organization) (Palestine Liberation Organization) Palestine Liberation Organization  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatah) (Fatah) Fatah  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas) Hamas  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Authority) (Palestinian Authority) Palestinian Authority      Other groups (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Aqsa_Martyrs'_Brigades) (Al-Aqsa Martyrs' Brigades) al-Aqsa Brigades  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Children_in_the_Israeli–Palestinian_conflict) (Children in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict) Children  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine) (Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine) DFLP  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jenin_Brigades) (Jenin Brigades) Jenin Brigades  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lions'_Den_(militant_group)) (Lions' Den (militant group)) Lions' Den  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Islamic_Jihad) (Palestinian Islamic Jihad) PIJ  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Liberation_Front) (Palestinian Liberation Front) PLF  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_Popular_Struggle_Front) (Palestinian Popular Struggle Front) PPSF  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine) (Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine) PFLP  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popular_Front_for_the_Liberation_of_Palestine_–_General_Command) (Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine – General Command) PFLP-GC  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popular_Resistance_Committees) (Popular Resistance Committees) PRC  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabireen_Movement) (Sabireen Movement) Sabireen Movement  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sons_of_Zouari) (Sons of Zouari) Sons of Zouari  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulkarm_Brigade) (Tulkarm Brigade) Tulkarm Brigade           Third-party groups (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_League) (Arab League) Arab League  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbollah) (Hezbollah) Hezbollah                 Individuals    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israelis) (Israelis) Israelis  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moshe_Arens) (Moshe Arens) Moshe Arens  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ami_Ayalon) (Ami Ayalon) Ami Ayalon  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ehud_Barak) (Ehud Barak) Ehud Barak  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Ben-Gurion) (David Ben-Gurion) David Ben-Gurion  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naftali_Bennett) (Naftali Bennett) Naftali Bennett  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menachem_Begin) (Menachem Begin) Menachem Begin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meir_Dagan) (Meir Dagan) Meir Dagan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moshe_Dayan) (Moshe Dayan) Moshe Dayan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avi_Dichter) (Avi Dichter) Avi Dichter  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuval_Diskin) (Yuval Diskin) Yuval Diskin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benny_Gantz) (Benny Gantz) Benny Gantz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efraim_Halevy) (Efraim Halevy) Efraim Halevy  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_Halutz) (Dan Halutz) Dan Halutz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tzipi_Livni) (Tzipi Livni) Tzipi Livni  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golda_Meir) (Golda Meir) Golda Meir  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaul_Mofaz) (Shaul Mofaz) Shaul Mofaz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yitzhak_Mordechai) (Yitzhak Mordechai) Yitzhak Mordechai  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu) (Benjamin Netanyahu) Benjamin Netanyahu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ehud_Olmert) (Ehud Olmert) Ehud Olmert  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shimon_Peres) (Shimon Peres) Shimon Peres  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaakov_Peri) (Yaakov Peri) Yaakov Peri  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yitzhak_Rabin) (Yitzhak Rabin) Yitzhak Rabin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amnon_Lipkin-Shahak) (Amnon Lipkin-Shahak) Amnon Lipkin-Shahak  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yitzhak_Shamir) (Yitzhak Shamir) Yitzhak Shamir  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariel_Sharon) (Ariel Sharon) Ariel Sharon  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shabtai_Shavit) (Shabtai Shavit) Shabtai Shavit  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moshe_Ya'alon) (Moshe Ya'alon) Moshe Ya'alon  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danny_Yatom) (Danny Yatom) Danny Yatom  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zvi_Zamir) (Zvi Zamir) Zvi Zamir      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinians) (Palestinians) Palestinians  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Zaidan) (Muhammad Zaidan) Abu Abbas  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmoud_Abbas) (Mahmoud Abbas) Mahmoud Abbas  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moussa_Arafat) (Moussa Arafat) Moussa Arafat  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_Arafat) (Yasser Arafat) Yasser Arafat  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahya_Ayyash) (Yahya Ayyash) Yahya Ayyash  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marwan_Barghouti) (Marwan Barghouti) Marwan Barghouti  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_Dahlan) (Mohammed Dahlan) Mohammed Dahlan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_Deif) (Mohammed Deif) Mohammed Deif  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Habash) (George Habash) George Habash  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wadie_Haddad) (Wadie Haddad) Wadie Haddad  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismail_Haniyeh) (Ismail Haniyeh) Ismail Haniyeh  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nayef_Hawatmeh) (Nayef Hawatmeh) Nayef Hawatmeh  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amin_al-Husseini) (Amin al-Husseini) Amin al-Husayni  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghazi_al-Jabali) (Ghazi al-Jabali) Ghazi Jabali  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed_Jibril) (Ahmed Jibril) Ahmed Jibril  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khalil_al-Wazir) (Khalil al-Wazir) Abu Jihad  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salah_Khalaf) (Salah Khalaf) Salah Khalaf  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leila_Khaled) (Leila Khaled) Leila Khaled  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izz_El-Deen_Sheikh_Khalil) (Izz El-Deen Sheikh Khalil) Sheikh Khalil  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khaled_Mashal) (Khaled Mashal) Khaled Mashal  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuheir_Mohsen) (Zuheir Mohsen) Zuheir Mohsen  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Ali_Mustafa) (Abu Ali Mustafa) Abu Ali Mustafa  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Nidal) (Abu Nidal) Abu Nidal  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izz_ad-Din_al-Qassam) (Izz ad-Din al-Qassam) Izz ad-Din al-Qassam  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jibril_Rajoub) (Jibril Rajoub) Jibril Rajoub  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdel_Aziz_al-Rantisi) (Abdel Aziz al-Rantisi) Abdel Aziz al-Rantisi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Hassan_Salameh) (Ali Hassan Salameh) Ali Hassan Salameh  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salah_Shehade) (Salah Shehade) Salah Shehade  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramadan_Shalah) (Ramadan Shalah) Ramadan Shalah  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fathi_Shaqaqi) (Fathi Shaqaqi) Fathi Shaqaqi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahlam_Tamimi) (Ahlam Tamimi) Ahlam Tamimi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed_Yassin) (Ahmed Yassin) Ahmed Yassin                 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Israeli–Palestinian_conflict) (Timeline of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict) Timeline (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_operations_of_the_Israeli–Palestinian_conflict) (Military operations of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict) military operations         (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercommunal_conflict_in_Mandatory_Palestine) (Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine) Background   1920–1948 1920 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1920_Nebi_Musa_riots) (1920 Nebi Musa riots) Nebi Musa riots  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Tel_Hai) (Battle of Tel Hai) Battle of Tel Hai    1921 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaffa_riots_(May_1921)) (Jaffa riots (May 1921)) Jaffa riots  1929 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1929_Palestine_riots) (1929 Palestine riots) Palestine riots (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1929_Hebron_massacre) (1929 Hebron massacre) Hebron massacre    1936–1939 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1936–1939_Arab_revolt_in_Palestine) (1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine) Arab revolt  1944–1947 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_insurgency_in_Mandatory_Palestine) (Jewish insurgency in Mandatory Palestine) Jewish insurgency  1947–1948 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1947–1948_civil_war_in_Mandatory_Palestine) (1947–1948 civil war in Mandatory Palestine) Civil War  / (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakba) (Nakba) Nakba              1948–1970 1948 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948_Arab–Israeli_War) (1948 Arab–Israeli War) Arab–Israeli War (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killings_and_massacres_during_the_1948_Palestine_war) (Killings and massacres during the 1948 Palestine war) massacres    1948–present (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_fedayeen) (Palestinian fedayeen) Fedayeen insurgency 1951–1967 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_attacks_against_Israeli_civilians_before_1967) (List of attacks against Israeli civilians before 1967) Attacks against Israeli civilians  1950s–1960s (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reprisal_operations) (Reprisal operations) Reprisal operations    1949–1956 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1949–1956_Palestinian_expulsions) (1949–1956 Palestinian expulsions) Palestinian expulsions  1953 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qibya_massacre) (Qibya massacre) Qibya massacre  1956 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suez_Crisis) (Suez Crisis) Suez Crisis  / (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kafr_Qasim_massacre) (Kafr Qasim massacre) Kafr Qasim  / (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khan_Yunis_massacre) (Khan Yunis massacre) Khan Yunis  / (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1956_Rafah_massacre) (1956 Rafah massacre) Rafah massacres  1967 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-Day_War) (Six-Day War) Six-Day War  / (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naksa) (Naksa) Naksa  1967–1970 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_of_Attrition) (War of Attrition) War of Attrition 1968 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Karameh) (Battle of Karameh) Battle of Karameh             (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_insurgency_in_South_Lebanon) (Palestinian insurgency in South Lebanon) Palestinian insurgency    1968–1982 1970 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avivim_school_bus_bombing) (Avivim school bus bombing) Avivim school bus bombing  1972 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabena_Flight_571) (Sabena Flight 571) Sabena Flight 571  / (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich_massacre) (Munich massacre) Munich massacre  / (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mossad_assassinations_following_the_Munich_massacre) (Mossad assassinations following the Munich massacre) "Bayonet" (1973 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lillehammer_affair) (Lillehammer affair) Lillehammer affair ) 1974 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiryat_Shmona_massacre) (Kiryat Shmona massacre) Kiryat Shmona massacre  / (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma'alot_massacre) (Ma'alot massacre) Ma'alot massacre  1975 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Savoy_Hotel_attack) (Savoy Hotel attack) Savoy Hotel attack  1976 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entebbe_raid) (Entebbe raid) Entebbe raid  1978 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal_road_massacre) (Coastal road massacre) Coastal road massacre  / (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1978_South_Lebanon_conflict) (1978 South Lebanon conflict) South Lebanon conflict  1980 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Misgav_Am_hostage_crisis) (Misgav Am hostage crisis) Misgav Am hostage crisis              1973–1987 1973 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War) (Yom Kippur War) Yom Kippur War  1975 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Yehuda_Street_bombings#1975) (Ben Yehuda Street bombings) Zion Square bombing  1982 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982_Lebanon_War) (1982 Lebanon War) Lebanon War (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Beirut) (Siege of Beirut) Siege of Beirut    1984 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bus_300_affair) (Bus 300 affair) Bus 300 affair  1985 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achille_Lauro_hijacking) (Achille Lauro hijacking) Achille Lauro hijacking  / (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Wooden_Leg) (Operation Wooden Leg) "Wooden Leg"  1987 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night_of_the_Gliders) (Night of the Gliders) Night of the Gliders           (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Intifada) (First Intifada) First Intifada   1987–1991 1988 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khalil_al-Wazir#Assassination) (Khalil al-Wazir) Tunis raid  1989 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1989_Tel_Aviv–Jerusalem_bus_attack) (1989 Tel Aviv–Jerusalem bus attack) Bus 405 attack  1990 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990_Temple_Mount_killings) (1990 Temple Mount killings) Temple Mount killings  1990s (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_suicide_attacks) (Palestinian suicide attacks) Palestinian suicide attacks (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Palestinian_suicide_attacks#1990s) (List of Palestinian suicide attacks) list    1994 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cave_of_the_Patriarchs_massacre) (Cave of the Patriarchs massacre) Cave of the Patriarchs massacre           (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Intifada) (Second Intifada) Second Intifada   2000–2005 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_rocket_attacks_on_Israel) (Palestinian rocket attacks on Israel) Palestinian rocket attacks  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_suicide_attacks) (Palestinian suicide attacks) Palestinian suicide attacks (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Palestinian_suicide_attacks#2000s) (List of Palestinian suicide attacks) list    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Israeli_assassinations#2000s) (List of Israeli assassinations) Israeli assassinations  2000 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/October_2000_protests_in_Israel) (October 2000 protests in Israel) October events  2001 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santorini_affair) (Santorini affair) Santorini   2002 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karine_A_affair) (Karine A affair) Karine A   / (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Defensive_Shield) (Operation Defensive Shield) "Defensive Shield"  / (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Jenin_(2002)) (Battle of Jenin (2002)) Battle of Jenin  / (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Nablus) (Battle of Nablus) Battle of Nablus  / (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Determined_Path) (Operation Determined Path) "Determined Path"  2003 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ain_es_Saheb_airstrike) (Ain es Saheb airstrike) Ain es Saheb airstrike  2004 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Israeli_operation_in_Rafah) (2004 Israeli operation in Rafah) "Rainbow"  / (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Beit_Hanoun_raid) (2004 Beit Hanoun raid) Beit Hanoun raid  / (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Israeli_operation_in_the_northern_Gaza_Strip) (2004 Israeli operation in the northern Gaza Strip) "Days of Penitence"           Palestinian dissident campaigns   2006–present 2006 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Bringing_Home_the_Goods) (Operation Bringing Home the Goods) "Bringing Home the Goods"  2008 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Jerusalem_yeshiva_attack) (2008 Jerusalem yeshiva attack) Jerusalem yeshiva attack  / (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Jerusalem_bulldozer_attack) (2008 Jerusalem bulldozer attack) Jerusalem bulldozer attack  2009 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_Al-Aqsa_clashes) (2009 Al-Aqsa clashes) Al-Aqsa clashes  2010 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Palestinian_militancy_campaign) (2010 Palestinian militancy campaign) Palestinian militancy campaign  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015–2016_wave_of_violence_in_the_Israeli–Palestinian_conflict) (2015–2016 wave of violence in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict) 2015–2016 violence  2017 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Temple_Mount_crisis) (2017 Temple Mount crisis) Temple Mount crisis  2021 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Israel–Palestine_crisis) (2021 Israel–Palestine crisis) Israel–Palestine crisis  2022 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Al-Aqsa_clashes) (2022 Al-Aqsa clashes) Al-Aqsa clashes           (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza–Israel_conflict) (Gaza–Israel conflict) Gaza–Israel conflict    2006–present 2006 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_Gaza_beach_explosion) (2006 Gaza beach explosion) Gaza beach explosion  / (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_Gaza_cross-border_raid) (2006 Gaza cross-border raid) Gaza cross-border raid  / (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_Gaza–Israel_conflict) (2006 Gaza–Israel conflict) "Summer Rains"  / (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_Israeli_operation_in_Beit_Hanoun) (2006 Israeli operation in Beit Hanoun) "Autumn Clouds"  / (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006_shelling_of_Beit_Hanoun) (2006 shelling of Beit Hanoun) Beit Hanoun shelling  2008 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_breach_of_the_Egypt–Gaza_border) (2008 breach of the Egypt–Gaza border) Egypt–Gaza border breach  / (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Hot_Winter) (Operation Hot Winter) "Hot Winter"  2008–2009 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_War_(2008–2009)) (Gaza War (2008–2009)) Gaza War  2010 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Gaza_flotilla_raid) (2010 Gaza flotilla raid) Gaza flotilla raid  2012 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_2012_Gaza–Israel_clashes) (March 2012 Gaza–Israel clashes) "Returning Echo"  / (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Gaza_War) (2012 Gaza War) "Pillar of Defense"  2014 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Gaza_War) (2014 Gaza War) "Protective Edge"  2015 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_Flotilla_III) (Freedom Flotilla III) Freedom Flotilla III  2018 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018–2019_Gaza_border_protests) (2018–2019 Gaza border protests) Gaza border protests  / (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_2018_Gaza–Israel_clashes) (November 2018 Gaza–Israel clashes) November clashes  2019 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_2019_Gaza–Israel_clashes) (May 2019 Gaza–Israel clashes) May clashes  / (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/November_2019_Gaza–Israel_clashes) (November 2019 Gaza–Israel clashes) "Black Belt"  2021 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Israel–Palestine_crisis) (2021 Israel–Palestine crisis) "Guardian of the Walls"  2022 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Gaza–Israel_clashes) (2022 Gaza–Israel clashes) "Breaking Dawn"  2023 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_2023_Gaza–Israel_clashes) (May 2023 Gaza–Israel clashes) "Shield and Arrow"  / (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_war) (Gaza war) Gaza war                      Diplomacy/law    Timeline  1948–1991 1948 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1948_Palestinian_expulsion_and_flight) (1948 Palestinian expulsion and flight) Palestinian expulsion and flight (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_towns_and_villages_depopulated_during_the_1947–1949_Palestine_war) (List of towns and villages depopulated during the 1947–1949 Palestine war) depopulated towns and villages    1949 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lausanne_Conference_of_1949) (Lausanne Conference of 1949) Lausanne Conference  1967–present (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_settlement) (Israeli settlement) Israeli settlement (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_settler_violence) (Israeli settler violence) settler violence  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legality_of_Israeli_settlements) (Legality of Israeli settlements) international law    1981–1982 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahd_Plan) (Fahd Plan) Fahd Plan      1990s 1991 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid_Conference_of_1991) (Madrid Conference of 1991) Madrid Conference  1993–1995 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oslo_Accords) (Oslo Accords) Oslo Accords  1994 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protocol_on_Economic_Relations) (Protocol on Economic Relations) Paris Protocol  1994 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza–Jericho_Agreement) (Gaza–Jericho Agreement) Gaza–Jericho Agreement  1994–present (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_security_assistance_to_the_Palestinian_National_Authority) (United States security assistance to the Palestinian National Authority) US security assistance to the PA  1997 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protocol_Concerning_the_Redeployment_in_Hebron) (Protocol Concerning the Redeployment in Hebron) Hebron Agreement  1998 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wye_River_Memorandum) (Wye River Memorandum) Wye River Memorandum  1999 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharm_El_Sheikh_Memorandum) (Sharm El Sheikh Memorandum) Sharm El Sheikh Memorandum      2000s 2000 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000_Camp_David_Summit) (2000 Camp David Summit) Camp David Summit / (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Clinton_Parameters) (The Clinton Parameters) Clinton Parameters  2001 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taba_Summit) (Taba Summit) Taba Summit  2002 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartet_on_the_Middle_East) (Quartet on the Middle East) Quartet established  2003 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road_map_for_peace) (Road map for peace) Road Map  2005 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_disengagement_from_the_Gaza_Strip) (Israeli disengagement from the Gaza Strip) Israeli disengagement from the Gaza Strip  2005 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agreement_on_Movement_and_Access) (Agreement on Movement and Access) Agreement on Movement and Access  2006 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valley_of_Peace_initiative) (Valley of Peace initiative) Valley of Peace initiative  2007 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annapolis_Conference) (Annapolis Conference) Annapolis Conference  2009 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_Aftonbladet_Israel_controversy) (2009 Aftonbladet Israel controversy) Aftonbladet Israel controversy      2010s 2010–11 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010–2011_Israeli–Palestinian_peace_talks) (2010–2011 Israeli–Palestinian peace talks) Israeli–Palestinian peace talks  2011 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestine_Papers) (Palestine Papers) Palestine Papers  2013–2014 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013–2014_Israeli–Palestinian_peace_talks) (2013–2014 Israeli–Palestinian peace talks) Israeli–Palestinian peace talks      2020s 2023–present (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_genocide) (Gaza genocide) Gaza genocide           United Nations  General (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_and_the_United_Nations) (Israel and the United Nations) Israel and the UN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestine_and_the_United_Nations) (Palestine and the United Nations) Palestine and the UN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNRWA) (UNRWA) UNRWA      Resolutions (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_resolutions_concerning_Israel) (List of United Nations resolutions concerning Israel) List concerning Israel  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_resolutions_concerning_Palestine) (List of United Nations resolutions concerning Palestine) List concerning Palestine  1947 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Partition_Plan_for_Palestine) (United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine) UNGA Resolution 181  1948 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_194) (United Nations General Assembly Resolution 194) UNGA Resolution 194  1967 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_242) (United Nations Security Council Resolution 242) UNSC Resolution 242  1980 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_478) (United Nations Security Council Resolution 478) UNSC Resolution 478  2006 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1701) (United Nations Security Council Resolution 1701) UNSC Resolution 1701  2012 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_resolution_67/19) (United Nations General Assembly resolution 67/19) UNGA Resolution 67/19  2023 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2720) (United Nations Security Council Resolution 2720) UNSC Resolution 2720      Investigations 2009 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Fact_Finding_Mission_on_the_Gaza_Conflict) (United Nations Fact Finding Mission on the Gaza Conflict) Goldstone Report  2015 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Fact_Finding_Mission_on_the_2014_Israel–Gaza_conflict) (United Nations Fact Finding Mission on the 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict) UNHRC Report      ICJ cases 2004 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_Consequences_of_the_Construction_of_a_Wall_in_the_Occupied_Palestinian_Territory) (Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory) Wall construction  2023–present (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa's_genocide_case_against_Israel) (South Africa's genocide case against Israel) South African allegation of genocide  2024 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicaragua_v._Germany) (Nicaragua v. Germany) Nicaragua v. Germany   2023–2024 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICJ_case_on_Israel's_occupation_of_the_Palestinian_territories) (ICJ case on Israel's occupation of the Palestinian territories) Israeli occupation  2024–2025 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNRWA_and_Israel) (UNRWA and Israel) UNRWA ban           (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Criminal_Court) (International Criminal Court) ICC  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Palestine) (International Criminal Court investigation in Palestine) Palestine investigation (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_arrest_warrants_for_Israeli_leaders) (International Criminal Court arrest warrants for Israeli leaders) arrest warrants                   Analysis   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antisemitism) (Antisemitism) Antisemitism  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Palestinianism) (Anti-Palestinianism) Anti-Palestinianism  Criticism (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Hamas) (Criticism of Hamas) Criticism of Hamas  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Israel) (Criticism of Israel) Criticism of Israel  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_criticism_of_the_occupation_of_Palestine) (Israeli criticism of the occupation of Palestine) Israeli criticism of the occupation    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_coverage_of_the_Israeli–Palestinian_conflict) (Media coverage of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict) Media coverage  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli–Palestinian_peace_process) (Israeli–Palestinian peace process) Peace process  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racism_in_Israel) (Racism in Israel) Racism in Israel  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racism_in_Palestine) (Racism in Palestine) Racism in Palestine  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Textbooks_in_the_Israeli–Palestinian_conflict) (Textbooks in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict) Textbooks in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_anti-Zionism) (Timeline of anti-Zionism) Timeline of anti-Zionism              (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1364279517)    (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Islamism) (Template:Islamism) (View this template) v   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Islamism) (Template talk:Islamism) (Discuss this template) t   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Islamism) (Special:EditPage/Template:Islamism) (Edit this template) e     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamism) (Islamism) Islamism     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_fundamentalism) (Islamic fundamentalism) Outline  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khomeinism) (Khomeinism) Khomeinism  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qutbism) (Qutbism) Qutbism  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salafi_movement) (Salafi movement) Salafism (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salafi_jihadism) (Salafi jihadism) Salafi jihadism    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_fundamentalism_in_Iran) (Islamic fundamentalism in Iran) Shia Islamism      Concepts (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emirate) (Emirate) Emirate  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_governance) (Islamic governance) Islamic governance  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guardianship_of_the_Islamic_Jurist) (Guardianship of the Islamic Jurist) Guardianship of the Islamic Jurists  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_and_democracy) (Islam and democracy) Islamic democracy  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_feminism) (Islamic feminism) Islamic feminism  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_socialism) (Islamic socialism) Islamic socialism  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_state) (Islamic state) Islamic state (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_republic) (Islamic republic) Islamic republic    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamistan) (Islamistan) Islamistan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spread_of_Islam) (Spread of Islam) Islamization (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamization_of_knowledge) (Islamization of knowledge) of knowledge    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-Islamism) (Pan-Islamism) Pan-Islamism  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-Islamism) (Post-Islamism) Post-Islamism  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharia) (Sharia) Sharia  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shura) (Shura) Shura   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_model) (Turkish model) Turkish model  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-nation_theory) (Two-nation theory) Two-nation theory  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ummah) (Ummah) Ummah      Movements  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociopolitical) (Sociopolitical) Sociopolitical  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deobandi_movement) (Deobandi movement) Deobandi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hizb_ut-Tahrir) (Hizb ut-Tahrir) Hizb ut-Tahrir (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hizb_ut-Tahrir_Britain) (Hizb ut-Tahrir Britain) in Britain  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hizb_ut-Tahrir_in_Central_Asia) (Hizb ut-Tahrir in Central Asia) in Central Asia    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Defenders_Front) (Islamic Defenders Front) Islamic Defenders Front  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaat-e-Islami) (Jamaat-e-Islami) Jamaat-e-Islami  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millî_Görüş) (Millî Görüş) Millî Görüş  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood) (Muslim Brotherhood) Muslim Brotherhood (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood_in_Egypt) (Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt) in Egypt  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood_in_Syria) (Muslim Brotherhood in Syria) in Syria    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansar–Khatmiyya_rivalry) (Ansar–Khatmiyya rivalry) Ansar–Khatmiyya rivalry (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansar_(Sudan)) (Ansar (Sudan)) Ansar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khatmiyya) (Khatmiyya) Khatmiyya        (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Islamic_political_parties) (List of Islamic political parties) Political parties   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_and_Justice_Party_(Egypt)) (Freedom and Justice Party (Egypt)) Freedom and Justice Party  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Algeria_Alliance) (Green Algeria Alliance) Green Algeria Alliance  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ennahda) (Ennahda) Ennahda  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felicity_Party) (Felicity Party) Felicity Party  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Cause_Party) (Free Cause Party) Free Cause Party  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Constitutional_Movement) (Islamic Constitutional Movement) Hadas  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas) Hamas  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hezbollah) (Hezbollah) Hezbollah  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Salvation_Front) (Islamic Salvation Front) Islamic Salvation Front  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh_Jamaat-e-Islami) (Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami) Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamaat-e-Islami_Pakistan) (Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan) Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamiat-e_Islami) (Jamiat-e Islami) Jamiat-e Islami  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justice_and_Construction_Party) (Justice and Construction Party) Justice and Construction Party  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justice_and_Development_Party_(Morocco)) (Justice and Development Party (Morocco)) Justice and Development Party (Morocco)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)) (Justice and Development Party (Turkey)) Justice and Development Party (Turkey)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Congress_Party_(Sudan)) (National Congress Party (Sudan)) National Congress  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Iraqi_Alliance) (National Iraqi Alliance) National Iraqi Alliance  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Welfare_Party) (New Welfare Party) New Welfare Party  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysian_Islamic_Party) (Malaysian Islamic Party) Malaysian Islamic Party  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosperous_Justice_Party) (Prosperous Justice Party) Prosperous Justice Party  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Wefaq) (Al Wefaq) Al Wefaq  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welfare_Party) (Welfare Party) Welfare Party  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatah_Alliance) (Fatah Alliance) Fatah Alliance  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_Law_Coalition) (State of Law Coalition) State of Law Coalition  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Action_Front) (Islamic Action Front) Islamic Action Front  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Arab_List) (United Arab List) United Arab List      Related (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hay'at_Tahrir_al-Sham) (Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham) Hay'at Tahrir al-Sham  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houthi_movement) (Houthi movement) Ansar Allah  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taliban) (Taliban) Taliban  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_modernism) (Islamic modernism) Islamic modernism           Political leaders  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Abduh) (Muhammad Abduh) Muhammad Abduh  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamal_al-Din_al-Afghani) (Jamal al-Din al-Afghani) Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qazi_Hussain_Ahmad) (Qazi Hussain Ahmad) Qazi Hussain Ahmad  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hibatullah_Akhundzada) (Hibatullah Akhundzada) Hibatullah Akhundzada  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Asad) (Muhammad Asad) Muhammad Asad  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_al-Banna) (Hassan al-Banna) Hassan al-Banna  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan) Recep Tayyip Erdoğan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necmettin_Erbakan) (Necmettin Erbakan) Necmettin Erbakan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi) (Muammar Gaddafi) Muammar Gaddafi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rached_Ghannouchi) (Rached Ghannouchi) Rached Ghannouchi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safwat_Hegazi) (Safwat Hegazi) Safwat Hegazi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Iqbal) (Muhammad Iqbal) Muhammad Iqbal  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alija_Izetbegović) (Alija Izetbegović) Alija Izetbegović  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Khamenei) (Ali Khamenei) Ali Khamenei  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mojtaba_Khamenei) (Mojtaba Khamenei) Mojtaba Khamenei  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruhollah_Khomeini) (Ruhollah Khomeini) Ruhollah Khomeini  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abul_A'la_Maududi) (Abul A'la Maududi) Abul A'la Maududi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abul_Hasan_Ali_Hasani_Nadwi) (Abul Hasan Ali Hasani Nadwi) Abul Hasan Ali Hasani Nadwi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taqi_al-Din_al-Nabhani) (Taqi al-Din al-Nabhani) Taqi al-Din al-Nabhani  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mullah_Omar) (Mullah Omar) Mullah Omar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yusuf_al-Qaradawi) (Yusuf al-Qaradawi) Yusuf al-Qaradawi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayyid_Qutb) (Sayyid Qutb) Sayyid Qutb  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tariq_Ramadan) (Tariq Ramadan) Tariq Ramadan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ata_Abu_Rashta) (Ata Abu Rashta) Ata Abu Rashta  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashid_Rida) (Rashid Rida) Rashid Rida  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navvab_Safavi) (Navvab Safavi) Navvab Safavi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Shariati) (Ali Shariati) Ali Shariati  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haji_Shariatullah) (Haji Shariatullah) Haji Shariatullah  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_al-Turabi) (Hassan al-Turabi) Hassan al-Turabi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_X) (Malcolm X) Malcolm X  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed_Yassin) (Ahmed Yassin) Ahmed Yassin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zia-ul-Haq) (Zia-ul-Haq) Zia-ul-Haq  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rizieq_Shihab) (Rizieq Shihab) Rizieq Shihab            (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salafi_movement) (Salafi movement) Salafi movement     Movements  Scholastic (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahl-i_Hadith) (Ahl-i Hadith) Ahl-i Hadith  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madkhalism) (Madkhalism) Madkhalism  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahwa_movement) (Sahwa movement) Sahwa movement  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahhabism) (Wahhabism) Wahhabism      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Islamic_political_parties#Salafist) (List of Islamic political parties) Political  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Asalah) (Al Asalah) Al Asalah  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authenticity_Party) (Authenticity Party) Authenticity Party  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Islah_(Yemen)) (Al-Islah (Yemen)) Al-Islah  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Nour_Party) (Al-Nour Party) Al-Nour Party (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamist_Bloc) (Islamist Bloc) Islamist Bloc    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People_Party) (People Party) People Party  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_Kashgar_Party) (Young Kashgar Party) Young Kashgar Party           (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salafi_movement#Prominent_Salafi_scholars_by_country) (Salafi movement) Major figures   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_ibn_Abd_al-Wahhab) (Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab) Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Albani) (Al-Albani) Al-Albani  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Baz) (Ibn Baz) Ibn Baz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muqbil_bin_Hadi_al-Wadi'i) (Muqbil bin Hadi al-Wadi'i) Muqbil bin Hadi al-Wadi'i  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safar_al-Hawali) (Safar al-Hawali) Safar al-Hawali  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabee_al-Madkhali) (Rabee al-Madkhali) Rabee al-Madkhali  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Al-Munajjid) (Muhammad Al-Munajjid) Muhammad Al-Munajjid  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zakir_Naik) (Zakir Naik) Zakir Naik  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salman_al-Ouda) (Salman al-Ouda) Salman al-Ouda  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_al-Tamimi) (Ali al-Tamimi) Ali al-Tamimi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Uthaymin) (Al-Uthaymin) Al-Uthaymin      Related (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_propagation_of_Salafism) (International propagation of Salafism) International propagation of Salafism  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_religious_police) (Islamic religious police) Islamic religious police  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petro-Islam) (Petro-Islam) Petro-Islam  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salafi–Sufi_relations) (Salafi–Sufi relations) Salafi–Sufi relations                 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamism) (Islamism) Militant Islamism /(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jihadism) (Jihadism) Jihadism     Ideology (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qutbism) (Qutbism) Qutbism  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salafi_jihadism) (Salafi jihadism) Salafi jihadism      Movements Militant Islamism based in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Militant_Islamism_in_the_Middle_East) (Template:Militant Islamism in the Middle East) MENA region (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_Islamic_Jihad) (Egyptian Islamic Jihad) Egyptian Islamic Jihad  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatah_al-Islam) (Fatah al-Islam) Fatah al-Islam  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_State) (Islamic State) Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Militant_Islamism_in_South_Asia) (Template:Militant Islamism in South Asia) South Asia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taliban) (Taliban) Taliban  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lashkar-e-Taiba) (Lashkar-e-Taiba) Lashkar-e-Taiba    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Militant_Islamism_in_Southeast_Asia) (Template:Militant Islamism in Southeast Asia) Southeast Asia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Sayyaf) (Abu Sayyaf) Abu Sayyaf    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Militant_Islamism_in_Sub-Saharan_Africa) (Template:Militant Islamism in Sub-Saharan Africa) Sub-Saharan Africa (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boko_Haram) (Boko Haram) Boko Haram  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Shabaab_(militant_group)) (Al-Shabaab (militant group)) al-Shabaab      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qaeda) (Al-Qaeda) al-Qaeda (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_the_Arabian_Peninsula) (Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula) in the Arabian Peninsula  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_Iraq) (Al-Qaeda in Iraq) in Iraq  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qaeda_in_the_Islamic_Maghreb) (Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb) in North Africa        Major figures (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hibatullah_Akhundzada) (Hibatullah Akhundzada) Hibatullah Akhundzada  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_al-Awlaki) (Anwar al-Awlaki) Anwar al-Awlaki  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_Yusuf_Azzam) (Abdullah Yusuf Azzam) Abdullah Yusuf Azzam  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi) (Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi) Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osama_bin_Laden) (Osama bin Laden) Osama bin Laden  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhtar_Mansour) (Akhtar Mansour) Akhtar Mansour  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mullah_Omar) (Mullah Omar) Mullah Omar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juhayman_al-Otaybi) (Juhayman al-Otaybi) Juhayman al-Otaybi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omar_Abdel-Rahman) (Omar Abdel-Rahman) Omar Abdel-Rahman  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayman_al-Zawahiri) (Ayman al-Zawahiri) Ayman al-Zawahiri      Related (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_and_violence) (Islam and violence) Islam and violence  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_extremism) (Islamic extremism) Islamic extremism  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_terrorism) (Islamic terrorism) Islamic terrorism  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jihad) (Jihad) Jihad  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mujahideen) (Mujahideen) Mujahideen  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_in_21st-century_jihadism) (Slavery in 21st-century jihadism) Slavery  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talibanization) (Talibanization) Talibanization                 Other topics    Texts (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Reconstruction_of_Religious_Thought_in_Islam) (The Reconstruction of Religious Thought in Islam) Reconstruction (Iqbal, 1930s)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forty_Hadith_of_Ruhullah_Khomeini) (Forty Hadith of Ruhullah Khomeini) Forty Hadith (Khomeini, 1940)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Principles_of_State_and_Government_in_Islam) (The Principles of State and Government in Islam) Principles (Asad, 1961)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milestones_(book)) (Milestones (book)) Milestones (Qutb, 1964)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Government) (Islamic Government) Islamic Government (Khomeini, 1970)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Declaration) (Islamic Declaration) Islamic Declaration (Izetbegović, 1969-1970)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Green_Book_(Gaddafi)) (The Green Book (Gaddafi)) The Green Book (Gaddafi, 1975)      Historical events (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamisation_in_Pakistan) (Islamisation in Pakistan) Zia-ul-Haq's Islamization  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_Revolution) (Iranian Revolution) Iranian Revolution  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Mosque_seizure) (Grand Mosque seizure) Grand Mosque seizure  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet–Afghan_War) (Soviet–Afghan War) Soviet invasion of Afghanistan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cairo_Declaration_on_Human_Rights_in_Islam) (Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam) Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popular_Arab_and_Islamic_Congress) (Popular Arab and Islamic Congress) Popular Arab and Islamic Congress  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algerian_Civil_War) (Algerian Civil War) Algerian Civil War  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faith_Campaign) (Faith Campaign) Faith Campaign  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_11_attacks) (September 11 attacks) September 11 attacks  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_on_terror) (War on terror) War on terror  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Spring) (Arab Spring) Arab Spring  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Winter) (Arab Winter) Arab Winter      Influences (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-imperialism) (Anti-imperialism) Anti-imperialism  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Zionism) (Anti-Zionism) Anti-Zionism  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contemporary_Islamic_philosophy) (Contemporary Islamic philosophy) Contemporary Islamic philosophy  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_and_modernity) (Islam and modernity) Islamic response to modernity  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_revival) (Islamic revival) Islamic revival      by region (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamism_and_Islamic_terrorism_in_the_Balkans) (Islamism and Islamic terrorism in the Balkans) Balkans  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamism_in_the_Gaza_Strip) (Islamism in the Gaza Strip) Gaza Strip  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamism_in_Sudan) (Islamism in Sudan) Sudan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamism_in_the_United_Kingdom) (Islamism in the United Kingdom) United Kingdom      Related topics (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Islamism) (Criticism of Islamism) Criticism  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_aspects_of_Islam) (Political aspects of Islam) Political aspects of Islam  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_Islam) (Political Islam) Political Islam                Islam in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Islam_in_South_Asia) (Template:Islam in South Asia) South Asia  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Islamism_in_North_Africa) (Template:Islamism in North Africa) North Africa         (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1364279517)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319)    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Authority_control) (Help:Authority control) Authority control databases (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38799#identifiers) (Edit this at Wikidata) (Edit this at Wikidata)       International (https://isni.org/isni/0000000121721841) ISNI   (https://viaf.org/viaf/142009904) VIAF   (https://d-nb.info/gnd/5069914-3) GND   (https://id.worldcat.org/fast/654141) FAST   (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39QH7Jmp9ym7JfWgYqMqKT43F) WorldCat       National (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n88280213) United States   (https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13176165h) France   (https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13176165h) BnF data   (https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/01065362) Japan   (Harakat al-Muqawamah al-Islamiyah) (https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=olak2003189200&CON_LNG=ENG) Czech Republic    (https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX165584) Spain   (https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/6003799) Norway   (https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000182387&P_CON_LNG=ENG) Latvia   (https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810643517405606) Poland   (https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007308031005171) Israel   (https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058619988506706) Catalonia   (https://bukinet-mreza.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/authfulldisplay?&context=L&vid=385BUKINET_NETWORK:VU1_UNION&lang=en&docid=981005744274209366) Croatia       Academics (https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA14929271?l=en) CiNii       Other (https://www.idref.fr/035239301) IdRef   (https://lux.collections.yale.edu/view/group/19ecb159-ae92-4720-a519-26989e27ff23) Yale LUX           (./Category:Hamas#%20)  (./Category:1987_establishments_in_Palestine)  (./Category:Anti-American_sentiment_in_the_Middle_East)  (./Category:Anti-imperialism_in_Asia)  (./Category:Anti-imperialist_parties)  (./Category:Anti-Israeli_sentiment_in_Palestine)  (./Category:Antisemitism_in_the_Middle_East)  (./Category:Islam_and_antisemitism)  (./Category:Islamism_in_Palestine)  (./Category:Islamic_fundamentalism)  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