Nawaf Salam - Wikipedia (/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.parsoid.styles%7Cext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.skinning.content.parsoid%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022) (/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022) (//upload.wikimedia.org) (Edit this page) (/w/index.php?title=Nawaf_Salam&action=edit) (/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png) (/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico) (/w/rest.php/v1/search) (Wikipedia (en)) (//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nawaf_Salam) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en) (Wikipedia Atom feed) (/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom) (//meta.wikimedia.org)  (auth.wikimedia.org)   Jump to content (Main menu)  Main menu  Main menu move to sidebar hide  Navigation  (/wiki/Main_Page) (Visit the main page [z]) Main page   (/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents) (Guides to browsing Wikipedia) Contents   (/wiki/Portal:Current_events) (Articles related to current events) Current events   (/wiki/Special:Random) (Visit a randomly selected article [x]) Random article   (/wiki/Wikipedia:About) (Learn about Wikipedia and how it works) About Wikipedia   (//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us) (How to contact Wikipedia) Contact us      Contribute  (/wiki/Help:Contents) (Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia) Help   (/wiki/Help:Introduction) (Learn how to edit Wikipedia) Learn to edit   (/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal) (The hub for editors) Community portal   (/wiki/Special:RecentChanges) (A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]) Recent changes   (/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard) (Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia) Upload file   (/wiki/Special:SpecialPages) (A list of all special pages [q]) Special pages           (/wiki/Main_Page) () (Wikipedia) (The Free Encyclopedia)    (/wiki/Special:Search) (Search Wikipedia [f])  Search  (Search Wikipedia) (Search Wikipedia [f])   (Special:Search)  Search           (Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color)  Appearance         (https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en) Donate   (/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Nawaf+Salam) (You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory) Create account   (/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Nawaf+Salam) (You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. 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[o])  Log in                  Contents move to sidebar hide  (Top)   1 Background and education     2 Career    Toggle Career subsection  2.1 Legal practice and academia     2.2 Public interest work     2.3 Ambassador of Lebanon to the United Nations     2.4 Judge of the International Court of Justice     2.5 Candidacy for Prime Minister       3 Premiership (2025–present)    Toggle Premiership (2025–present) subsection  3.1 2026 Lebanon War       4 Personal life     5 Decorations     6 Notable publications    Toggle Notable publications subsection  6.1 Books and booklets       7 References     8 External links           (Table of Contents)  Toggle the table of contents      Nawaf Salam    29 languages  (https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%81_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85) (نواف سلام – Arabic) العربية   (https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%81_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85) (نواف سلام – Egyptian Arabic) مصرى   (https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AB_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE) (নাওয়াফ সালাম – Bangla) বাংলা   (https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naw%C3%A1f_Sal%C3%A1m) (Nawáf Salám – Czech) Čeština   (https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nawaf_Salam) (Nawaf Salam – German) Deutsch   (https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%B1%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%AC%CF%86_%CE%A3%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AC%CE%BC) (Ναουάφ Σαλάμ – Greek) Ελληνικά   (https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nawaf_Salam) (Nawaf Salam – Esperanto) Esperanto   (https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nawaf_Salam) (Nawaf Salam – Spanish) Español   (https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%81_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85) (نواف سلام – Persian) فارسی   (https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nawaf_Salam) (Nawaf Salam – Finnish) Suomi   (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nawaf_Salam) (Nawaf Salam – French) Français   (https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%A3_%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%9D) (נוואף סלאם – Hebrew) עברית   (https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AB_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AE) (नवाफ सलाम – Hindi) हिन्दी   (https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nawaf_Salam) (Nawaf Salam – Indonesian) Bahasa Indonesia   (https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nawaf_Salam) (Nawaf Salam – Italian) Italiano   (https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nawaf_Salam) (Nawaf Salam – Malay) Bahasa Melayu   (https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nawaf_Salam) (Nawaf Salam – Dutch) Nederlands   (https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nawaf_Salam) (Nawaf Salam – Norwegian Bokmål) Norsk bokmål   (https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nawaf_Salam) (Nawaf Salam – Polish) Polski   (https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nawaf_Salam) (Nawaf Salam – Portuguese) Português   (https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nawaf_Salam) (Nawaf Salam – Romanian) Română   (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC,_%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%84) (Салам, Наваф – Russian) Русский   (https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nawaf_Salam) (Nawaf Salam – Simple English) Simple English   (https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%84_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC) (Наваф Салам – Serbian) Српски / srpski   (https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nawaf_Salam) (Nawaf Salam – Swedish) Svenska   (https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevvaf_Selam) (Nevvaf Selam – Turkish) Türkçe   (https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%84_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC) (Наваф Салам – Ukrainian) Українська   (https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%81_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85) (نواف سلام – Urdu) اردو   (https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BA%B3%E7%93%A6%E5%A4%AB%C2%B7%E8%90%A8%E6%8B%89%E5%A7%86) (纳瓦夫·萨拉姆 – Chinese) 中文    (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q638463#sitelinks-wikipedia) (Edit interlanguage links) Edit links       (/wiki/Nawaf_Salam) (View the content page [c]) Article   (/wiki/Talk:Nawaf_Salam) (Discuss improvements to the content page [t]) Talk      English         (/wiki/Nawaf_Salam) Read   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(./Category:Articles_with_short_description)  (./Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata)    (./Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_March_2026)    In this (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_name) (Arabic name) Arabic name , Abdallah and Salim are (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patronymic) (Patronymic) patronymics and the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_name) (Family name) family name is Salam .  Nawaf Salam   (Arabic-language text) نوّاف سلام  (./Category:Articles_containing_Arabic-language_text)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nawaf_Salam.jpg)    Salam in 2025   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1358620234)     53rd (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Lebanon) (Prime Minister of Lebanon) Prime Minister of Lebanon   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incumbent) (Incumbent) Incumbent     Assumed office    8 February 2025 (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1358620234)   President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Aoun) (Joseph Aoun) Joseph Aoun   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Lebanon) (Deputy Prime Minister of Lebanon) Deputy  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarek_Mitri) (Tarek Mitri) Tarek Mitri   Preceded by  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Najib_Mikati) (Najib Mikati) Najib Mikati  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1358620234)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_International_Court_of_Justice) (President of the International Court of Justice) President of the International Court of Justice   In office   6 February 2024 – 14 January 2025 (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1358620234)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_International_Court_of_Justice) (Vice President of the International Court of Justice) Vice President   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julia_Sebutinde) (Julia Sebutinde) Julia Sebutinde   Preceded by  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Donoghue) (Joan Donoghue) Joan Donoghue   Succeeded by  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuji_Iwasawa) (Yuji Iwasawa) Yuji Iwasawa  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1358620234)   Judge of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice) (International Court of Justice) International Court of Justice   In office   6 February 2018 – 14 January 2025 (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1358620234)   Preceded by  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Greenwood) (Christopher Greenwood) Christopher Greenwood   Succeeded by  Mahmoud Daifallah Hmoud    Other positions held        (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1358620234)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permanent_representative_to_the_United_Nations) (Permanent representative to the United Nations) Permanent representative of Lebanon to the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations) (United Nations) United Nations   In office   13 July 2007 – 15 December 2017 (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1358620234)   Vice President of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly) (United Nations General Assembly) United Nations General Assembly   In office   1 September 2012 – 31 August 2013 (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1358620234)   President of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council) (United Nations Security Council) United Nations Security Council   In office   1 September 2011 – 30 September 2011 (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1358620234)   In office   1 May 2010 – 31 May 2010         Personal details  Born Nawaf Abdallah Salim Salam  (1953-12-15 )  15 December 1953(age 72)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beirut) (Beirut) Beirut , Lebanon   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_party) (Political party) Party  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_politician) (Independent politician) Independent   Spouse (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahar_Baassiri) (Sahar Baassiri) Sahar Baassiri   Children 2  Relatives (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salim_Ali_Salam) (Salim Ali Salam) Salim Ali Salam (grandfather) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saeb_Salam) (Saeb Salam) Saeb Salam (uncle) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anbara_Salam_Khalidi) (Anbara Salam Khalidi) Anbara Salam Khalidi (aunt) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tammam_Salam) (Tammam Salam) Tammam Salam (cousin) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walid_Khalidi) (Walid Khalidi) Walid Khalidi (cousin) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarif_Khalidi) (Tarif Khalidi) Tarif Khalidi (cousin) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usama_al-Khalidi) (Usama al-Khalidi) Usama Khalidi (cousin)  Education (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collège_protestant_français) (Collège protestant français) Collège protestant français  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_University) (Harvard University) Harvard University ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LL.M.) (LL.M.) LLM ) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sciences_Po) (Sciences Po) Sciences Po ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PhD) (PhD) PhD ) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorbonne_University) (Sorbonne University) Sorbonne University ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PhD) (PhD) PhD )  Occupation  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_law) (International law) International judge  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diplomat) (Diplomat) diplomat  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academic_staff) (Academic staff) academic  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politician) (Politician) politician      Signature (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nawaf_Salam_Signature.svg) (Nawaf Salam's signature) ()      Website (http://x.com/nawafsalam) Official X         Nawaf Abdallah Salim Salam ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_language) (Arabic language) Arabic :  نوّاف عبد الله سليم سلام (./Category:Articles_containing_Arabic-language_text)  ; born 15 December 1953) is a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanese_people) (Lebanese people) Lebanese politician, diplomat, jurist, and academic who has been serving as the 53rd (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Lebanon) (Prime Minister of Lebanon) prime minister of Lebanon since 8 February 2025. Salam previously sat on the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice) (International Court of Justice) International Court of Justice (ICJ) for a nine-year term beginning in 2018,[ 1]    [ 2]    and additionally served as Lebanon's ambassador and permanent representative to the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations) (United Nations) United Nations in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City) (New York City) New York from 2007 to 2017, during which time he held the positions of president of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council) (United Nations Security Council) Security Council and vice president of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly) (United Nations General Assembly) General Assembly .[ 3]    In 2024, he was elected the 27th president of the ICJ, becoming the second (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabs) (Arabs) Arab and the first Lebanese judge to hold the office. He resigned from the court after the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_Lebanon) (Parliament of Lebanon) parliament of Lebanon nominated him as prime minister.   Background and education [ (/w/index.php?title=Nawaf_Salam&action=edit&section=1) (Edit section: Background and education) edit  ]   Son of Abdallah Salam and Reckat Beyhum, Nawaf was born into a prominent (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunni_Muslim) (Sunni Muslim) Sunni Muslim family from (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beirut) (Beirut) Beirut , Lebanon.[ 4]    His grandfather, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salim_Salam) (Salim Salam) Salim Salam , the leader of the "Beirut Reform Movement", which had called for the decentralization and modernization of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire) (Ottoman Empire) Ottoman Empire , was elected deputy of Beirut to the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_parliament) (Ottoman parliament) Ottoman parliament in 1912. His uncle, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saeb_Salam) (Saeb Salam) Saeb Salam , fought for Lebanon's independence from the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Mandate_of_Lebanon) (French Mandate of Lebanon) French and subsequently served four times as Prime Minister of Lebanon between 1952 and 1973.[ 5]    His cousin (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tammam_Salam) (Tammam Salam) Tammam Salam was Prime Minister of Lebanon between 2014 and 2016. Salam holds a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctorate) (Doctorate) Doctorate in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_Science) (Political Science) Political Science from the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_d'Études_Politiques_de_Paris) (Institut d'Études Politiques de Paris) Sciences Po  (1992), a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_of_Laws) (Master of Laws) Master of Laws (LL.M.) from (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_Law_School) (Harvard Law School) Harvard Law School (1991), and a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctorate) (Doctorate) Doctorate in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History) (History) History from the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorbonne_University) (Sorbonne University) Sorbonne (1979).[ 6]    [ 7]    [ 8]      Career [ (/w/index.php?title=Nawaf_Salam&action=edit&section=2) (Edit section: Career) edit  ]   Legal practice and academia [ (/w/index.php?title=Nawaf_Salam&action=edit&section=3) (Edit section: Legal practice and academia) edit  ]   From 1979 to 1981, Salam was a lecturer on the contemporary history of the Middle East at (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorbonne_University) (Sorbonne University) Sorbonne University . In 1981, he left Paris to spend an academic year as a visiting scholar at the Weatherhead Center for International Affairs at Harvard University.[ 9]    Between 1985 and 1989, he was a lecturer at the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_University_of_Beirut) (American University of Beirut) American University of Beirut ,[ 10]    during which time he also practiced law as an associate at Takla Law Firm. He was a visiting researcher at Harvard Law School from 1989 to 1990, and a foreign legal consultant at Edwards & Angell LLP[ 11]    from 1989 to 1992. He resumed his practice at the Takla Law Firm in 1992 as well as his teaching of International Law and International Relations at the American University of Beirut. He was appointed visiting associate professor of political science in 2003, and later associate professor of political science in 2005. From 2005 to 2007, he was the chairman of the Political Studies and Public Administration Department.[ 12]      Public interest work [ (/w/index.php?title=Nawaf_Salam&action=edit&section=4) (Edit section: Public interest work) edit  ]   Salam served as a member of the Executive Bureau of the Economic and Social Council of Lebanon from 1999 to 2002[ 13]    and as a member of the Lebanese National Commission of UNESCO from 2000 to 2004.[ 14]    In 2005 and 2006, he was Secretary General of The National Commission on Electoral Reform,[ 15]    which was entrusted with the task of preparing the draft of a new electoral law for Lebanon. He has also served on the board of trustees of the Lebanese Center for Policy Studies (LCPS), a non-partisan think tank whose mission is to produce and advocate policies that improve governance in Lebanon and the Arab world.[ 16]      Ambassador of Lebanon to the United Nations [ (/w/index.php?title=Nawaf_Salam&action=edit&section=5) (Edit section: Ambassador of Lebanon to the United Nations) edit  ]   From July 2007 to December 2017, he served as Lebanon's ambassador and permanent representative to the United Nations in New York.[ 17]     Salam's mandate at the UN was marked by his repeated interventions before the Security Council calling for security and stability in South Lebanon through the implementation of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1701) (United Nations Security Council Resolution 1701) United Nations Security Council Resolution 1701 ,[ 18]    promoting the establishment of an independent Security Forces to protect civilians from Ambassador of  Lebanon to the United Nations  policy of "disassociation" from the Syrian conflict, and seeking an end to impunity through the establishment of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_Tribunal_for_Lebanon) (Special Tribunal for Lebanon) Special Tribunal for Lebanon [ 19]    in the matter of the assassination of former Lebanese prime minister (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafic_Hariri) (Rafic Hariri) Rafic Hariri [ 20]    pursuant to United Nations Security Council resolution 1757.[ 21]     He represented Lebanon on the Security Council in 2010 and 2011, for Lebanon's two-year term as a non-permanent member. In May 2010 and September 2011, he held the rotating (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_United_Nations_Security_Council) (President of the United Nations Security Council) Presidency of the Security Council .[ 22]     He served as vice-president of the 67th session of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Assembly_of_the_United_Nations) (General Assembly of the United Nations) General Assembly of the United Nations from September 2012 to September 2013 and as acting president of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Assembly_of_the_United_Nations) (General Assembly of the United Nations) General Assembly of the United Nations in July 2013.[ 23]      Judge of the International Court of Justice [ (/w/index.php?title=Nawaf_Salam&action=edit&section=6) (Edit section: Judge of the International Court of Justice) edit  ]   On 9 November 2017, Salam was elected judge of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice) (International Court of Justice) International Court of Justice (ICJ) after receiving 135 votes in the United Nations General Assembly and 12 votes in the Security Council. After (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fouad_Ammoun) (Fouad Ammoun) Fouad Ammoun , he became the second Lebanese to serve as a judge of the ICJ.[ 24]     On 6 February 2024, he was elected as the president of the ICJ.[ 25]    [ 26]    Salam's appointment as President of the ICJ in February 2024 coincided directly with the first hearing on (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa_v._Israel_(Genocide_Convention)) (South Africa v. Israel (Genocide Convention)) South Africa's genocide lawsuit against Israel in January 2024. Salam took over the case brought by South Africa against Israel.[ 27]      Candidacy for Prime Minister [ (/w/index.php?title=Nawaf_Salam&action=edit&section=7) (Edit section: Candidacy for Prime Minister) edit  ]   Salam was a candidate for Prime minister towards the end of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Aoun) (Michel Aoun) Michel Aoun 's term to replace (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Najib_Mikati) (Najib Mikati) Najib Mikati in 2022. However, Mikati won again, becoming prime minister designate on 23 June 2022 with 54 votes against Salam's 28 to form a new cabinet for the remainder of President Michel Aoun's term.[ 28]     In the wake of the election of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Aoun) (Joseph Aoun) Joseph Aoun as president of Lebanon on 9 January 2025, multiple opposition MPs reached a consensus on nominating Salam as prime minister.[ 29]    His candidacy was supported by many Western and Arab states, who called for his nomination, against current caretaker prime minister (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Najib_Mikati) (Najib Mikati) Najib Mikati . On 13 January 2025, Salam was nominated by 84 out of 128 MPs, making him the Prime Minister-designate of Lebanon.[ 30]    He flew to Lebanon on 14 January after departure from The Hague.[ 31]    That very day, he stepped down as a member of the International Court of Justice.[ 32]        Premiership (2025–present) [ (/w/index.php?title=Nawaf_Salam&action=edit&section=8) (Edit section: Premiership (2025–present)) edit  ]   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   See also: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_Nawaf_Salam) (Cabinet of Nawaf Salam) Cabinet of Nawaf Salam  Salam  stated his intent to avoid exclusion and to promote unity across the political spectrum, especially after Hezbollah's parliamentary leader (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Raad) (Mohammad Raad) Mohammad Raad stated that Hezbollah had "extended its hand" by helping to secure Aoun's election, but found that "hand cut off." He accused the opposition of fragmentation and exclusion from power in Lebanon.[ 33]    Salam  also pledged to extend and impose the authority of the Lebanese state across its entire territory, in line with the U.N. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1701) (United Nations Security Council Resolution 1701) Resolution 1701 .[ 34]    He vowed to reopen the investigation of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Beirut_explosion) (2020 Beirut explosion) Beirut port explosion and proposed engaging with international partners,[ 34]    [ 35]    an investigation that officially resumed on 16 January 2025.[ 36]     Salam's cabinet was confirmed by President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Aoun) (Joseph Aoun) Joseph Aoun on 8 February 2025.[ 37]     Salam emphasized In his inaugural televised interview the need for comprehensive reforms in order to restore citizens' trust in the Lebanese state. He highlighted the importance of restructuring the banking sector to attract investments and safeguard deposits, asserting that a robust banking system is essential for economic growth. Salam also called for serious efforts toward establishing an (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judicial_independence) (Judicial independence) independent judiciary , stating that without it, there can be no protection for freedoms, guarantee of rights, or encouragement of investments. He underscored that judicial independence is the cornerstone of both financial and political reforms. Additionally, Salam advocated for the full implementation of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taif_Agreement) (Taif Agreement) Taif Agreement , particularly administrative decentralization, warning that delays have exacerbated national crises. He reaffirmed his commitment to implementing (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1701) (United Nations Security Council Resolution 1701) U.N. Security Council Resolution 1701 , emphasizing the state's exclusive authority over weapons and security matters. Addressing the financial crisis, Salam rejected any solutions that would involve writing off citizens' deposits, emphasizing the need to protect depositors' rights. He concluded by expressing his intent to engage with international partners to support Lebanon's reform and recovery efforts.[ 38]    On 26 February, Salam's government won a confidence vote in parliament.[ 39]     On the 50th anniversary of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanese_Civil_War) (Lebanese Civil War) Lebanese Civil War , he called for national reflection and a renewed commitment to building a unified state. In a message shared on (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter) (Twitter) X (formerly Twitter), he emphasized that all factions were ultimately losers in the conflict and highlighted the absence or failure of the state as a central cause. Salam advocated for the full implementation of the Taif Agreement, correcting misapplications and closing loopholes, and stressed the importance of legitimate armed forces holding exclusive rights to bear arms. He also urged the state to address the issue of missing and kidnapped individuals with seriousness and transparency. To commemorate the anniversary, Salam called for a nationwide moment of silence at noon on 13 April, under the slogan: "We remember together to rebuild together."[ 40]     During the visit of the secretary of Iran's Supreme National Security Council, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Larijani) (Ali Larijani) Ali Larijani , Salam said that recent comments from Iranian officials (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbas_Araghchi) (Abbas Araghchi) Abbas Araghchi and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Akbar_Velayati) (Ali Akbar Velayati) Ali Akbar Velayati clearly broke normal diplomatic rules and showed no respect for Lebanon's independence.[ 41]    [ 42]    On 15 August 2025, in response to the statement of Naim Qassem he said there is only one government that makes decisions in Lebanon, there is no state that doesn't have arms monopoly and addressing Qassems threat of civil war he said "The implicit or direct threat of civil war, I believe that none of the Lebanese today, ... none of the Lebanese, young and old, men and women, in the south or in the north, wherever they are, none of them wants to return to civil war today".[ 43]     On 5 September 2025 he declared that the cabinet welcomes the army's plan for weapons state control, focusing on the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disarmament_of_Hezbollah) (Disarmament of Hezbollah) disarmament of Hezbollah .[ 44]    [ 45]     On 20 November 2025 he declared Lebanon's readiness to engage with Israel in order to solve land border disputes and agree on an Israeli withdrawal from the areas retained after its (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel-Hezbollah_conflict_(2023-2024)) (Israel-Hezbollah conflict (2023-2024)) war with Hezbollah the year prior.[ 46]    [ 47]     2026 Lebanon War [ (/w/index.php?title=Nawaf_Salam&action=edit&section=9) (Edit section: 2026 Lebanon War) edit  ]   Following the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Israeli–United_States_strikes_on_Iran) (2026 Israeli–United States strikes on Iran) 2026 Israeli–United States strikes on Iran , Salam urged restraint, stressing that Lebanon must not be dragged into a wider regional war and should prioritize its own security and stability.[ 48]    [ 49]    On 2 March, he ordered a ban on military activities by Hezbollah.[ 50]    On 5 March 2026, it was announced that all activity of the Iranian (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Revolutionary_Guard_Corps) (Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps) IRGC in Lebanon is banned. In addition, it was decided that Iranians now require a visa to enter Lebanon.[ 51]     In an interview to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asharq_Al-Awsat) (Asharq Al-Awsat) Asharq Al-Awsat he addressed the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Lebanon_war) (2026 Lebanon war) 2026 Lebanon war , saying “We could have avoided being impacted by the conflict were it not for the strategic error committed by Hezbollah by being dragged us into it,”[ 52]    In an interview to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L'Orient–Le_Jour) (L'Orient–Le Jour) L’Orient-Le Jour Salam said "We are open to discussing any formula related to negotiations with Israel".[ 53]     On a March 2026 interview to CNN Salam said he is willing to enter immediate and direct negotiations with Israel, to end the war in Lebanon.[ 54]    In an interview to Saudi Arabia's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Hadath) (Al Hadath) Al-Hadath Salam said Iranian IRGC is directing Hezbollah in its war on Israel and that this war was imposed on Lebanon. "These were the Revolutionary Guards, who are present and, unfortunately, managing military operations in Lebanon ...These people have fake passports and entered the country illegally,”. He mentioned again the government's unprecedented decision to ban Hezbollah's military actions, calling them to disarm and hand their weapons to the state.[ 55]     On 26 March 2026, Salam spoke with UN Secretary-General (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/António_Guterres) (António Guterres) António Guterres regarding the expansion of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli–Lebanese_conflict) (Israeli–Lebanese conflict) Israel's ground operations in southern Lebanon . During the call, Salam stated that Israeli actions threatened Lebanon’s sovereignty and violated international law and the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UN_Charter) (UN Charter) UN Charter . He further announced that Lebanon would file a formal complaint with the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UN_Security_Council) (UN Security Council) UN Security Council .[ 56]    Salam warned the United Nations of the 'risk of annexation' of Lebanese territory south of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litani_River) (Litani River) Litani River by Israel.[ 57]     On 12 April 2026, he addressed the nation with a speech for the 1975 Civil war commemoration. He stated that the country must stay unified, not fall to civil war again and must embrace Aoun's initiative for direct peace talks with Israel while implementing the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taif_Agreement) (Taif Agreement) Taif agreement .[ 58]     Nawaf Salam said on May 6th that Lebanon is on the road to peace with Israel, while emphasizing the importance to restrict weapons to state control, according to the "Nation Shield" plan.[ 59]       Personal life [ (/w/index.php?title=Nawaf_Salam&action=edit&section=10) (Edit section: Personal life) edit  ]   Salam is married to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahar_Baassiri) (Sahar Baassiri) Sahar Baassiri , columnist and Lebanon's former ambassador to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO) (UNESCO) UNESCO .[ 60]    He has two sons, Abdallah and Marwan.[ 61]    The (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated_Press) (Associated Press) Associated Press describes him as "a member of a prominent (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunni_Muslim) (Sunni Muslim) Sunni Muslim family from Beirut."[ 4]    Under the 1943 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Pact) (National Pact) National Pact , the prime minister of Lebanon is always selected from the Sunni community.[ 62]     Aside from his native (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic) (Arabic) Arabic , Salam is fluent in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_language) (English language) English and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_language) (French language) French .[ 63]     In a 2025 press conference with (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_East_Airlines) (Middle East Airlines) Middle East Airlines , it was revealed that Salam, an aviation enthusiast, had a private (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilot_license) (Pilot license) pilot license and used to fly planes as a hobby.[ 64]      Decorations [ (/w/index.php?title=Nawaf_Salam&action=edit&section=11) (Edit section: Decorations) edit  ]   Salam was awarded in 2012 the French (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legion_of_Honour) (Legion of Honour) Legion of Honour ((French-language text) Légion d'honneur  (./Category:Articles_containing_French-language_text)  ) at the rank of Officer ((French-language text) Officier  (./Category:Articles_containing_French-language_text)  ) by President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas_Sarkozy) (Nicolas Sarkozy) Nicolas Sarkozy .[ 65]    [ 66]      Notable publications [ (/w/index.php?title=Nawaf_Salam&action=edit&section=12) (Edit section: Notable publications) edit  ]   Salam has written books and articles on political and constitutional reform, electoral law reform, overcoming (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sectarianism) (Sectarianism) sectarianism , fighting corruption, as well as on promoting accountability through strengthening the rule of law and the independence of the judiciary. He has also written on the issue of citizenship and civil society in the Arab world as well as on the development of international law.[ 67]     Books and booklets [ (/w/index.php?title=Nawaf_Salam&action=edit&section=13) (Edit section: Books and booklets) edit  ]   Editor and Contributor: Lebanon in the Security Council, 2010-2011 (in Arabic), Dar Al Saqi, Beirut, 2013 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85516-970-8) (Special:BookSources/978-1-85516-970-8) 978-1-85516-970-8  [ 68]     Editor and Contributor: Le Moyen-Orient à l'Epreuve de l'Irak, Actes-Sud/Sindbad, Paris, 2005. (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-7427-5249-8) (Special:BookSources/2-7427-5249-8) 2-7427-5249-8  [ 69]     Editor and Contributor: Options for Lebanon, I.B.Tauris, London and New York, 2004. (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85043-928-1) (Special:BookSources/1-85043-928-1) 1-85043-928-1  (Arabic version published by Dar An-Nahar (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9953-10-003-9) (Special:BookSources/9953-10-003-9) 9953-10-003-9  ).[ 70]     Co-editor with Theodor Hanf and Contributor: Lebanon in Limbo, Nomos, Baden-Baden, 2003. (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-8329-0310-0) (Special:BookSources/3-8329-0310-0) 3-8329-0310-0  [ 71]     Co-editor with Fares Sassine, Lebanon. A Century in Pictures (Trilingual English-French-Arabic), Dar An-Nahar, Beirut, 2003. (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-84289-286-0) (Special:BookSources/2-84289-286-0) 2-84289-286-0  [ 72]     Civil Society in the Arab World: The Historical and Political Dimensions, Islamic Legal Studies Program, Harvard Law School, Occasional Publications, Cambridge, 2002. (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88086-050-2) (Special:BookSources/0-88086-050-2) 0-88086-050-2  [ 73]     La condition libanaise. Communautés, citoyen, Etat; suivi de: La citoyenneté en pays d'Islam. Dar An-Nahar, Beirut, 1998. (2nd ed. 2001). (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-84289-099-X) (Special:BookSources/2-84289-099-X) 2-84289-099-X  [ 74]     Mythes et Politiques au Liban. Trois Essais, Fiches du Monde Arabe, Beirut, 1987.[ 75]     Prospects for Lebanon. An Essay on Political Opportunities and Constraints, C.L.S., Oxford, 1987. (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-870552-06-7) (Special:BookSources/1-870552-06-7) 1-870552-06-7      References [ (/w/index.php?title=Nawaf_Salam&action=edit&section=14) (Edit section: References) edit  ]    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20180624040214/http://www.icj-cij.org/files/press-releases/0/000-20171110-PRE-01-00-EN.pdf) "Press Release, Unofficial – United Nations General Assembly and Security Council elect four Members of the Court" (PDF) . icj-cij.org . 10 November 2017. Archived from (http://www.icj-cij.org/files/press-releases/0/000-20171110-PRE-01-00-EN.pdf) the original (PDF) on 24 June 2018. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=icj-cij.org&rft.atitle=Press+Release%2C+Unofficial+%E2%80%93+United+Nations+General+Assembly+and+Security+Council+elect+four+Members+of+the+Court&rft.date=2017-11-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icj-cij.org%2Ffiles%2Fpress-releases%2F0%2F000-20171110-PRE-01-00-EN.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANawaf+Salam)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://news.un.org/en/story/2017/11/570322-four-judges-elected-international-court-justice#.Whn1pv-nGpo) "Four judges elected to International Court of Justice" . UN News. 9 November 2017. Retrieved 26 November 2019 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Four+judges+elected+to+International+Court+of+Justice&rft.pub=UN+News&rft.date=2017-11-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.un.org%2Fen%2Fstory%2F2017%2F11%2F570322-four-judges-elected-international-court-justice%23.Whn1pv-nGpo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANawaf+Salam)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.un.int/lebanon/) "Lebanon Permanent Mission to the United Nations" . www.un.int . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.un.int&rft.atitle=Lebanon+Permanent+Mission+to+the+United+Nations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.int%2Flebanon%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANawaf+Salam)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://apnews.com/article/lebanon-nawaf-salam-prime-minister-aoun-hezbollah-4e472d59cb1cf70c2b0929eefe9fab93) "Head of the International Court of Justice is named Lebanon's new prime minister" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated_Press_News) (Associated Press News) Associated Press News  . 13 January 2025. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press+News&rft.atitle=Head+of+the+International+Court+of+Justice+is+named+Lebanon%27s+new+prime+minister&rft.date=2025-01-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Flebanon-nawaf-salam-prime-minister-aoun-hezbollah-4e472d59cb1cf70c2b0929eefe9fab93&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANawaf+Salam)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.nytimes.com/2000/01/23/world/saeb-salam-95-former-lebanese-prime-minister.html) "Saeb Salam, 95, Former Lebanese Prime Minister" . The New York Times . 23 January 2000. Retrieved 6 April 2013 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Saeb+Salam%2C+95%2C+Former+Lebanese+Prime+Minister&rft.date=2000-01-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2000%2F01%2F23%2Fworld%2Fsaeb-salam-95-former-lebanese-prime-minister.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANawaf+Salam)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20090904081150/http://www.sciences-po.fr/) "Accueil" . Sciences Po . Archived from (http://www.sciences-po.fr) the original on 4 September 2009. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sciences+Po&rft.atitle=Accueil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciences-po.fr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANawaf+Salam)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20140717132026/http://www.law.harvard.edu/) "Harvard Law School" . Archived from (http://www.law.harvard.edu) the original on 17 July 2014. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Harvard+Law+School&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.law.harvard.edu&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANawaf+Salam)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20110217114203/http://www.paris-sorbonne.fr/en/) "Official website of Paris Sorbonne University - Paris IV" . Archived from (http://www.paris-sorbonne.fr/en) the original on 17 February 2011. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+website+of+Paris+Sorbonne+University+-+Paris+IV&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.paris-sorbonne.fr%2Fen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANawaf+Salam)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Feldman, Noah (3 October 2011). (http://www.wcfia.harvard.edu/) "Welcome | The Weatherhead Center for International Affairs" . Wcfia.harvard.edu. Retrieved 6 April 2013 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Welcome+%26%23124%3B+The+Weatherhead+Center+for+International+Affairs&rft.pub=Wcfia.harvard.edu&rft.date=2011-10-03&rft.au=Feldman%2C+Noah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wcfia.harvard.edu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANawaf+Salam)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.icj-cij.org/public/files/members-of-the-court-biographies/salam_en.pdf) "Judge Nawaf SALAM" (PDF) . icj-cij.org . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=icj-cij.org&rft.atitle=Judge+Nawaf+SALAM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.icj-cij.org%2Fpublic%2Ffiles%2Fmembers-of-the-court-biographies%2Fsalam_en.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANawaf+Salam)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20110930070423/http://www.eapdlaw.com/) "Edwards Wildman" . Eapdlaw.com. Archived from (http://www.eapdlaw.com/) the original on 30 September 2011. Retrieved 6 April 2013 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Edwards+Wildman&rft.pub=Eapdlaw.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eapdlaw.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANawaf+Salam)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2007/bio3892.doc.htm) "New Permanent Representative of Lebanon Presents Credentials" . United Nations. Retrieved 6 April 2013 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+National&rft.atitle=Lebanese+leaders+tell+Iranian+security+chief+not+to+interfere+over+Hezbollah&rft.aulast=Prentis&rft.aufirst=Jamie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenationalnews.com%2Fnews%2Fmena%2F2025%2F08%2F13%2Firans-security-chief-arrives-in-lebanon-amid-hezbollah-disarmament-push%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANawaf+Salam)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Jalabi, Raya (13 August 2025). (https://www.ft.com/content/e0962eeb-df6f-4db2-a905-ae6952ca994b) "Lebanon's president warns Iran against 'interference' over Hizbollah" . Financial Times . Retrieved 14 August 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Lebanon%27s+president+warns+Iran+against+%27interference%27+over+Hizbollah&rft.date=2025-08-13&rft.aulast=Jalabi&rft.aufirst=Raya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2Fe0962eeb-df6f-4db2-a905-ae6952ca994b&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANawaf+Salam)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://aawsat.com/node/5175572) "Nawaf Salam to Asharq Al-Awsat: No Lebanese wants to return to civil war" . aawsat.com (in Arabic). Retrieved 15 August 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=aawsat.com&rft.atitle=Nawaf+Salam+to+Asharq+Al-Awsat%3A+No+Lebanese+wants+to+return+to+civil+war&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faawsat.com%2Fnode%2F5175572&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANawaf+Salam)  (./Category:CS1_Arabic-language_sources_(ar))    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/lebanon-cabinet-welcomes-army-plan-disarm-hezbollah-no-timeline-given-2025-09-05/) "Lebanon cabinet welcomes army plan to disarm Hezbollah, no timeline given" . Reuters . 5 September 2025. Retrieved 5 September 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Lebanon+cabinet+welcomes+army+plan+to+disarm+Hezbollah%2C+no+timeline+given&rft.date=2025-09-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Flebanon-cabinet-welcomes-army-plan-disarm-hezbollah-no-timeline-given-2025-09-05%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANawaf+Salam)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.lbcgroup.tv/news/lebanon-news/876689/lbci-lebanon-articles/en) "PM Salam: Cabinet welcomes army plan to consolidate weapons across Lebanon" . LBCIV7 . Retrieved 5 September 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LBCIV7&rft.atitle=PM+Salam%3A+Cabinet+welcomes+army+plan+to+consolidate+weapons+across+Lebanon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lbcgroup.tv%2Fnews%2Flebanon-news%2F876689%2Flbci-lebanon-articles%2Fen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANawaf+Salam)    ↑   Bercetche, J., & Khraiche, D. (20 November 2025). (https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-11-20/lebanon-s-premier-to-seek-us-help-to-draw-israel-into-talks?srnd=homepage-middle-east) Lebanon’s premier to seek US help to draw Israel into talks . Bloomberg   ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.timesofisrael.com/lebanese-prime-minister-accuses-israel-of-refusing-to-negotiate-on-border-disputes/) "Lebanese prime minister accuses Israel of refusing to negotiate on border disputes" . The Times of Israel . 20 November 2025. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) (ISSN (identifier)) ISSN  (https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0040-7909) 0040-7909 . Retrieved 20 November 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Lebanese+prime+minister+accuses+Israel+of+refusing+to+negotiate+on+border+disputes&rft.date=2025-11-20&rft.issn=0040-7909&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Flebanese-prime-minister-accuses-israel-of-refusing-to-negotiate-on-border-disputes%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANawaf+Salam)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.apa.az/asia/lebanon-pm-says-beirut-wont-let-anyone-drag-country-into-war-493708) "Lebanon PM says Beirut won't let anyone drag country into war" . Apa.az . Retrieved 28 February 2026 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=LBC&rft.atitle=PM+Nawaf+Salam+calls+for+unity%2C+warns+against+escalation&rft.date=2026&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lbcgroup.tv%2Fnews%2Flebanon-news%2F907872%2Fpm-nawaf-salam-calls-for-unity-warns-against-escalation%2Fen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANawaf+Salam)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/3/2/lebanese-pm-nawaf-salam-announces-ban-on-hezbollah-military-activities) "Lebanese PM bans Hezbollah's military activities after attack on Israel" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Jazeera) (Al Jazeera) Al Jazeera  . 2 March 2026. Retrieved 2 March 2026 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Lebanese+PM+bans+Hezbollah%27s+military+activities+after+attack+on+Israel&rft.date=2026-03-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2026%2F3%2F2%2Flebanese-pm-nawaf-salam-announces-ban-on-hezbollah-military-activities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANawaf+Salam)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.lbcgroup.tv/news/lebanon-news/910863/lbci-lebanon-articles/en) "Lebanese government bans all activity by Iran Guards in Lebanon" . LBCIV7 . Retrieved 5 March 2026 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=english.aawsat.com&rft.atitle=Salam+to+Asharq+Al-Awsat%3A+We+Refuse+to+Tie+Lebanon%27s+Fate+to+Iran%27s+Interests&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.aawsat.com%2Fnode%2F5248648&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANawaf+Salam)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.al-akhbar.com/news/lebanon/882661/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85--%D9%85%D9%86%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%88%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D9%85%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%82%D8%B4%D8%A9-%D8%A3%D9%8A-%D8%B5%D9%8A%D8%BA%D8%A9-%D8%AA%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%82-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B6-%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84) "Salam: We are open to discussing any formula related to negotiations with Israel" . 2026. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Salam%3A+We+are+open+to+discussing+any+formula+related+to+negotiations+with+Israel.&rft.date=2026&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.al-akhbar.com%2Fnews%2Flebanon%2F882661%2F%25D8%25B3%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585--%25D9%2585%25D9%2586%25D9%2581%25D8%25AA%25D8%25AD%25D9%2588%25D9%2586-%25D8%25B9%25D9%2584%25D9%2589-%25D9%2585%25D9%2586%25D8%25A7%25D9%2582%25D8%25B4%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25A3%25D9%258A-%25D8%25B5%25D9%258A%25D8%25BA%25D8%25A9-%25D8%25AA%25D8%25AA%25D8%25B9%25D9%2584%25D9%2582-%25D8%25A8%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AA%25D9%2581%25D8%25A7%25D9%2588%25D8%25B6-%25D9%2585%25D8%25B9-%25D8%25A5%25D8%25B3%25D8%25B1%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A6%25D9%258A%25D9%2584&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANawaf+Salam)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Walsh, Nick Paton (19 March 2026). (https://www.cnn.com/2026/03/19/middleeast/lebanese-prime-minister-exclusive-interview-latam-intl) "Under Israeli bombardment, Lebanon urges Trump to intervene, calls for 'immediate' talks with Israel" . CNN . Retrieved 20 March 2026 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Israel+sends+more+troops+into+southern+Lebanon+as+ground+invasion+expands&rft.date=2026-03-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2026%2F3%2F26%2Fisrael-sends-more-troops-into-southern-lebanon-as-ground-invasion-expands&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANawaf+Salam)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://today.lorientlejour.com/article/1501036/salam-warns-un-chief-about-risk-of-annexation-of-part-of-southern-lebanon.html) "Salam warns UN chief about 'risk of annexation' of part of southern Lebanon" . L'Orient Today . 26 March 2026. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=L%27Orient+Today&rft.atitle=Salam+warns+UN+chief+about+%27risk+of+annexation%27+of+part+of+southern+Lebanon&rft.date=2026-03-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftoday.lorientlejour.com%2Farticle%2F1501036%2Fsalam-warns-un-chief-about-risk-of-annexation-of-part-of-southern-lebanon.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANawaf+Salam)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://today.lorientlejour.com/article/1503255/civil-war-commemoration-salam-says-south-lebanon-will-not-be-abandoned-again.html) "Civil war commemoration: Salam says south Lebanon will not be 'abandoned again' " . L'Orient Today . 12 April 2026. Retrieved 13 April 2026 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=L%27Orient+Today&rft.atitle=Civil+war+commemoration%3A+Salam+says+south+Lebanon+will+not+be+%27abandoned+again%27&rft.date=2026-04-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftoday.lorientlejour.com%2Farticle%2F1503255%2Fcivil-war-commemoration-salam-says-south-lebanon-will-not-be-abandoned-again.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANawaf+Salam)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.lbcgroup.tv/news/lebanon-news/930429/lbci-lebanon-articles/en) "PM Salam says Lebanon to pursue peace, not normalization with Israel" . LBCIV7 . Retrieved 6 May 2026 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=LBCIV7&rft.atitle=PM+Salam+says+Lebanon+to+pursue+peace%2C+not+normalization+with+Israel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lbcgroup.tv%2Fnews%2Flebanon-news%2F930429%2Flbci-lebanon-articles%2Fen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANawaf+Salam)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20250113-lebanon-s-salam-icj-judge-turned-prime-minister) "Lebanon's Salam, ICJ judge turned prime minister" . France 24 . 14 January 2025. Retrieved 14 January 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=Lebanon%27s+Salam%2C+ICJ+judge+turned+prime+minister&rft.date=2025-01-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2Flive-news%2F20250113-lebanon-s-salam-icj-judge-turned-prime-minister&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANawaf+Salam)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.alarabiya.net/arab-and-world/2025/01/13/%D9%85%D9%86-%D9%87%D9%88-%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%81-%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85) "من عائلة سياسية معروفة.. ما لا تعرفه عن نواف سلام" . Al Arabiya (in Arabic). 13 January 2025. Retrieved 14 January 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Arabiya&rft.atitle=%D9%85%D9%86+%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84%D8%A9+%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A9..+%D9%85%D8%A7+%D9%84%D8%A7+%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%87+%D8%B9%D9%86+%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%81+%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85&rft.date=2025-01-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.alarabiya.net%2Farab-and-world%2F2025%2F01%2F13%2F%25D9%2585%25D9%2586-%25D9%2587%25D9%2588-%25D9%2586%25D9%2588%25D8%25A7%25D9%2581-%25D8%25B3%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D9%2585&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANawaf+Salam)  (./Category:CS1_Arabic-language_sources_(ar))    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/1/13/lebanon-president-joseph-aoun-starts-consultations-for-pm-selection) "Lebanon President Joseph Aoun starts consultations for PM selection" . Al Jazeera . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Lebanon+President+Joseph+Aoun+starts+consultations+for+PM+selection&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2025%2F1%2F13%2Flebanon-president-joseph-aoun-starts-consultations-for-pm-selection&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANawaf+Salam)    ↑   (https://thisisbeirut.com.lb/articles/1224471/nawaf-salam-elected-president-of-the-international-court-of-justice) https://thisisbeirut.com.lb/articles/1224471/nawaf-salam-elected-president-of-the-international-court-of-justice   ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1kauBCDAu-o) "إطلاق مشروع إعادة تأهيل طريق مطار رفيق الحريري الدولي – بيروت" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube) (YouTube) YouTube  . 17 April 2025. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=%D8%A5%D8%B7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%82+%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B9+%D8%A5%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A9+%D8%AA%D8%A3%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%84+%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82+%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B1+%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A+%E2%80%93+%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AA&rft.date=2025-04-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D1kauBCDAu-o&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANawaf+Salam)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://twitter.com/franceonu/status/180433448664702978) "S.E.M. Nawaf Salam, Amb. du" . Twitter . franceonu. Retrieved 6 April 2013 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Twitter&rft.atitle=S.E.M.+Nawaf+Salam%2C+Amb.+du&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2Ffranceonu%2Fstatus%2F180433448664702978&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANawaf+Salam)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://www.lorientlejour.com/category/Liban/article/750346/Nawaf_Salam_decore_en_grande_pompe,_a_New_York,_de_la_Legion_d%27honneur.html) "Nawaf Salam décoré en grande pompe, à New York, de la Légion d'honneur" . L'Orient-Le Jour. 17 March 2012. Retrieved 6 April 2013 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nawaf+Salam+d%C3%A9cor%C3%A9+en+grande+pompe%2C+%C3%A0+New+York%2C+de+la+L%C3%A9gion+d%27honneur&rft.pub=L%27Orient-Le+Jour&rft.date=2012-03-17&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lorientlejour.com%2Fcategory%2FLiban%2Farticle%2F750346%2FNawaf_Salam_decore_en_grande_pompe%2C_a_New_York%2C_de_la_Legion_d%2527honneur.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANawaf+Salam)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.naharnet.com/stories/en/303230-nawaf-salam-elected-head-of-international-court-of-justice) "Nawaf Salam elected head of International Court of Justice" . Naharnet . Retrieved 14 January 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Naharnet&rft.atitle=Nawaf+Salam+elected+head+of+International+Court+of+Justice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.naharnet.com%2Fstories%2Fen%2F303230-nawaf-salam-elected-head-of-international-court-of-justice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANawaf+Salam)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20171201035141/http://www.daralsaqi.com/book/%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%86-2010-2011) "فكر وسياسة – الصفحة الرئيسية" (in Arabic). Archived from (http://www.daralsaqi.com/book/%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%86-2010-2011) the original on 1 December 2017. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D9%81%D9%83%D8%B1+%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%A9+%E2%80%93+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.daralsaqi.com%2Fbook%2F%25D9%2584%25D8%25A8%25D9%2586%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586-%25D9%2581%25D9%258A-%25D9%2585%25D8%25AC%25D9%2584%25D8%25B3-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A3%25D9%2585%25D9%2586-2010-2011&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANawaf+Salam)  (./Category:CS1_Arabic-language_sources_(ar))    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20090308032017/http://www.alternatives-internationales.fr/le-moyen-orient-a-l-epreuve-de-l-irak-sous-la-dir--de-nawaf-salam_fr_art_279_28993.html) "Le Moyen-Orient à l'épreuve de l'Irak Sous la dir. de Nawaf Salam Berro" (in French). Archived from (http://www.alternatives-internationales.fr/le-moyen-orient-a-l-epreuve-de-l-irak-sous-la-dir--de-nawaf-salam_fr_art_279_28993.html) the original on 8 March 2009. Retrieved 16 April 2009 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Le+Moyen-Orient+%C3%A0+l%27%C3%A9preuve+de+l%27Irak+Sous+la+dir.+de+Nawaf+Salam+Berro&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.alternatives-internationales.fr%2Fle-moyen-orient-a-l-epreuve-de-l-irak-sous-la-dir--de-nawaf-salam_fr_art_279_28993.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANawaf+Salam)  (./Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr))    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://www.ibtauris.com/display.asp?K=9781850439288&aub=Nawaf%20A%20Salam&m=1&dc=1) "ACADEMIC: Middle East: Books: Bloomsbury Publishing (UK)" . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ACADEMIC%3A+Middle+East%3A+Books%3A+Bloomsbury+Publishing+%28UK%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibtauris.com%2Fdisplay.asp%3FK%3D9781850439288%26aub%3DNawaf%2520A%2520Salam%26m%3D1%26dc%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANawaf+Salam)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://openlibrary.org/b/OL22605261M/Lebanon-in-Limbo%3A-postwar-society-and-state-in-an-uncertain-regional-environment) Lebanon in Limbo: Postwar society and state in an uncertain regional environment  . Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft m.b.h. &Co KG. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OL_(identifier)) (OL (identifier)) OL  (https://openlibrary.org/books/OL22605261M) 22605261M . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lebanon+in+Limbo%3A+Postwar+society+and+state+in+an+uncertain+regional+environment&rft.pub=Nomos+Verlagsgesellschaft+m.b.h.+%26Co+KG&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL22605261M%23id-name%3DOL&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fb%2FOL22605261M%2FLebanon-in-Limbo%253A-postwar-society-and-state-in-an-uncertain-regional-environment&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANawaf+Salam)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20110708231810/http://www.darannahar.com/category/1000280/product/2294/) Lebanon, a century in pictures 1900-2000 – Liban, le siècle en images  . Dar An-Nahar. 2003. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-84289-286-0) (Special:BookSources/2-84289-286-0) 2-84289-286-0  . Archived from (http://www.darannahar.com/category/1000280/product/2294/) the original on 8 July 2011. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lebanon%2C+a+century+in+pictures+1900-2000+%E2%80%93+Liban%2C+le+si%C3%A8cle+en+images&rft.pub=Dar+An-Nahar&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=2-84289-286-0&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.darannahar.com%2Fcategory%2F1000280%2Fproduct%2F2294%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANawaf+Salam)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://www.law.harvard.edu/programs/ilsp/publications/salam.pdf) "Islamic Legal Studies – at Harvard Law School" (PDF) . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Islamic+Legal+Studies+%E2%80%93+at+Harvard+Law+School&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.law.harvard.edu%2Fprograms%2Filsp%2Fpublications%2Fsalam.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANawaf+Salam)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20110727162223/http://library.palestine-studies.org/eweb24/w21.bat?session=0&infile=details.glu&oid=211689&rs=4978&hitno=4) "La condition libanaise : communautés, citoyen, état. Suivi de La citoyenneté en pays d'Islam / Nawaf Salam . – 1st ed" . library.palestine-studies.org . Archived from (http://library.palestine-studies.org/eweb24/w21.bat?session=0&infile=details.glu&oid=211689&rs=4978&hitno=4) the original on 27 July 2011. Retrieved 16 April 2009 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=library.palestine-studies.org&rft.atitle=La+condition+libanaise+%3A+communaut%C3%A9s%2C+citoyen%2C+%C3%A9tat.+Suivi+de+La+citoyennet%C3%A9+en+pays+d%27Islam+%2F+Nawaf+Salam+.+%E2%80%93+1st+ed.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flibrary.palestine-studies.org%2Feweb24%2Fw21.bat%3Fsession%3D0%26infile%3Ddetails.glu%26oid%3D211689%26rs%3D4978%26hitno%3D4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANawaf+Salam)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Salam, Nawaf (1987). (https://librarycatalog.usj.edu.lb/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=265251) "Mythes et politiques au Liban: trois essais" . Fiches du Monde Arabe . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fiches+du+Monde+Arabe&rft.atitle=Mythes+et+politiques+au+Liban%3A+trois+essais&rft.date=1987&rft.aulast=Salam&rft.aufirst=Nawaf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flibrarycatalog.usj.edu.lb%2Fcgi-bin%2Fkoha%2Fopac-detail.pl%3Fbiblionumber%3D265251&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANawaf+Salam)        External links [ (/w/index.php?title=Nawaf_Salam&action=edit&section=15) (Edit section: External links) edit  ]   (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wutOiLUES-s) BBC Arabic Interview on Lebanon, Palestine, and Syria  on  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)) (YouTube video (identifier)) YouTube  (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X7ljw-gMc7Y) Charlie Rose Interview on Security Council Resolutions on Libya (excerpt)  on  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)) (YouTube video (identifier)) YouTube  (https://www.youtube.com/user/lebanonmissionun) YouTube Videos of Permanent Mission of Lebanon to the United Nations  (https://pil.law.harvard.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Civil-Society_Nawaf-Salam.pdf) Harvard Islamic Legal Studies Publication – Civil Society in the Arab World  (http://www.harvardilj.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/15/1_Salam_60.2.pdf) Harvard International Law Journal – 60th Anniversary Keynote Address (https://web.archive.org/web/20230803153432/http://www.harvardilj.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/15/1_Salam_60.2.pdf) Archived 3 August 2023 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)   (https://www.ic.edu.lb/uploaded/Announcements_Files/dr-nawaf-salam-ic-commencement-address-june6-2014.pdf) Commencement Address to the International College Class of 2014   Legal offices   Preceded by(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Greenwood) (Christopher Greenwood) Christopher Greenwood   Judge of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice) (International Court of Justice) International Court of Justice   2018–2024 Vacant   Preceded by(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan_Donoghue) (Joan Donoghue) Joan Donoghue   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Court_of_Justice#Presidents) (International Court of Justice) President of the International Court of Justice   2024–2025 Succeeded by(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuji_Iwasawa) (Yuji Iwasawa) Yuji Iwasawa    Political offices   Preceded by(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Najib_Mikati) (Najib Mikati) Najib Mikati   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Lebanon) (Prime Minister of Lebanon) Prime Minister of Lebanon   2025–present Incumbent     (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)    (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Prime_ministers_of_Lebanon) (Template:Prime ministers of Lebanon) (View this template) v   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Prime_ministers_of_Lebanon) (Template talk:Prime ministers of Lebanon) (Discuss this template) t   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prime_ministers_of_Lebanon) (Special:EditPage/Template:Prime ministers of Lebanon) (Edit this template) e     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Lebanon) (Prime Minister of Lebanon) Prime ministers of Lebanon ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Lebanon) (List of prime ministers of Lebanon) list )    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Lebanon) (Greater Lebanon) French Mandate  (1918–1943) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Lebanon_(1920-1943).svg) (French Mandate of Lebanon) (French Mandate of Lebanon)   French Mandate of Lebanon  office established 1926  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auguste_Adib_Pacha) (Auguste Adib Pacha) Auguste Adib Pacha  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bechara_El_Khoury) (Bechara El Khoury) Bechara El Khoury  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habib_Pacha_Es-Saad) (Habib Pacha Es-Saad) Habib Pacha Es-Saad  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bechara_El_Khoury) (Bechara El Khoury) Bechara El Khoury  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Émile_Eddé) (Émile Eddé) Émile Eddé  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auguste_Adib_Pacha) (Auguste Adib Pacha) Auguste Adib Pacha  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Debbas) (Charles Debbas) Charles Debbas  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdallah_Beyhum) (Abdallah Beyhum) Abdallah Beyhum  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayoub_Tabet) (Ayoub Tabet) Ayoub Tabet  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khayreddin_al-Ahdab) (Khayreddin al-Ahdab) Khayreddin al-Ahdab  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khaled_Chehab) (Khaled Chehab) Khaled Chehab  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdallah_El-Yafi) (Abdallah El-Yafi) Abdallah El-Yafi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdallah_Beyhum) (Abdallah Beyhum) Abdallah Beyhum * (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Naqqache) (Alfred Naqqache) Alfred Naqqache  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Daouk) (Ahmad Daouk) Ahmad Daouk  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sami_Solh) (Sami Solh) Sami Solh  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayoub_Tabet) (Ayoub Tabet) Ayoub Tabet  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petro_Trad) (Petro Trad) Petro Trad       (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon) (Lebanon) Lebanese Republic  (since 1943) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Lebanon.svg) (Lebanese Republic) (Lebanese Republic)   Lebanese Republic  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riad_Al_Solh) (Riad Al Solh) Riad Al Solh  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Hamid_Karami) (Abdul Hamid Karami) Abdul Hamid Karami  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sami_Solh) (Sami Solh) Sami Solh  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saadi_Al_Munla) (Saadi Al Munla) Saadi Al Munla  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riad_Al_Solh) (Riad Al Solh) Riad Al Solh  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hussein_Al_Oweini) (Hussein Al Oweini) Hussein Al Oweini  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdallah_Yafi) (Abdallah Yafi) Abdallah Yafi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sami_Solh) (Sami Solh) Sami Solh  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazem_Akkari) (Nazem Akkari) Nazem Akkari  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saeb_Salam) (Saeb Salam) Saeb Salam  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuad_Chehab) (Fuad Chehab) Fuad Chehab * (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khaled_Chehab) (Khaled Chehab) Khaled Chehab  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saeb_Salam) (Saeb Salam) Saeb Salam  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdallah_Yafi) (Abdallah Yafi) Abdallah Yafi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sami_Solh) (Sami Solh) Sami Solh  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashid_Karami) (Rashid Karami) Rashid Karami  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdallah_Yafi) (Abdallah Yafi) Abdallah Yafi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sami_Solh) (Sami Solh) Sami Solh  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khalil_al-Hibri) (Khalil al-Hibri) Khalil al-Hibri  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashid_Karami) (Rashid Karami) Rashid Karami  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Daouk) (Ahmad Daouk) Ahmad Daouk  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saeb_Salam) (Saeb Salam) Saeb Salam  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashid_Karami) (Rashid Karami) Rashid Karami  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hussein_Al_Oweini) (Hussein Al Oweini) Hussein Al Oweini  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashid_Karami) (Rashid Karami) Rashid Karami  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdallah_El-Yafi) (Abdallah El-Yafi) Abdallah El-Yafi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashid_Karami) (Rashid Karami) Rashid Karami  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdallah_El-Yafi) (Abdallah El-Yafi) Abdallah El-Yafi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashid_Karami) (Rashid Karami) Rashid Karami  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saeb_Salam) (Saeb Salam) Saeb Salam  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amin_al-Hafez_(Lebanon)) (Amin al-Hafez (Lebanon)) Amine Hafez  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takieddin_el-Solh) (Takieddin el-Solh) Takieddin el-Solh  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rachid_Solh) (Rachid Solh) Rachid Solh  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nureddine_Rifai) (Nureddine Rifai) Nureddine Rifai  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashid_Karami) (Rashid Karami) Rashid Karami  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salim_Al-Huss) (Salim Al-Huss) Salim Al-Huss  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takieddin_el-Solh) (Takieddin el-Solh) Takieddin el-Solh  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shafik_Wazzan) (Shafik Wazzan) Shafik Wazzan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashid_Karami) (Rashid Karami) Rashid Karami  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salim_Al-Huss) (Salim Al-Huss) Salim Al-Huss  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel_Aoun) (Michel Aoun) Michel Aoun   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salim_Al-Huss) (Salim Al-Huss) Salim Al-Huss  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omar_Karami) (Omar Karami) Omar Karami  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rachid_Solh) (Rachid Solh) Rachid Solh  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafic_Hariri) (Rafic Hariri) Rafic Hariri  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salim_Al-Huss) (Salim Al-Huss) Salim Al-Huss  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafic_Hariri) (Rafic Hariri) Rafic Hariri  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omar_Karami) (Omar Karami) Omar Karami  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Najib_Mikati) (Najib Mikati) Najib Mikati  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fouad_Siniora) (Fouad Siniora) Fouad Siniora  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saad_Hariri) (Saad Hariri) Saad Hariri  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Najib_Mikati) (Najib Mikati) Najib Mikati  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tammam_Salam) (Tammam Salam) Tammam Salam  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saad_Hariri) (Saad Hariri) Saad Hariri  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_Diab) (Hassan Diab) Hassan Diab  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Najib_Mikati) (Najib Mikati) Najib Mikati  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nawaf_Salam) Nawaf Salam      * denotes acting       (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1364279517)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)    (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Current_heads_of_government) (Template:Current heads of government) (View this template) v   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Current_heads_of_government) (Template talk:Current heads of government) (Discuss this template) t   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Current_heads_of_government) (Special:EditPage/Template:Current heads of government) (Edit this template) e     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_current_heads_of_state_and_government) (List of current heads of state and government) Current heads of government    Africa Algeria: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sifi_Ghrieb) (Sifi Ghrieb) Ghrieb   Angola: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/João_Lourenço) (João Lourenço) Lourenço   Benin: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romuald_Wadagni) (Romuald Wadagni) Wadagni   Botswana: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duma_Boko) (Duma Boko) Boko   Burkina Faso: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Emmanuel_Ouédraogo) (Jean Emmanuel Ouédraogo) Ouédraogo  * Burundi: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestor_Ntahontuye) (Nestor Ntahontuye) Ntahontuye   Cameroon: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Ngute) (Joseph Ngute) Ngute   Cape Verde: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Carvalho) (Francisco Carvalho) Carvalho   Central African Republic: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Félix_Moloua) (Félix Moloua) Moloua   Chad: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allamaye_Halina) (Allamaye Halina) Halina   Comoros: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azali_Assoumani) (Azali Assoumani) Assoumani   Democratic Republic of the Congo: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judith_Suminwa) (Judith Suminwa) Suminwa   Republic of the Congo: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatole_Collinet_Makosso) (Anatole Collinet Makosso) Makosso   Djibouti: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismaïl_Omar_Guelleh) (Ismaïl Omar Guelleh) Guelleh   Egypt: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mostafa_Madbouly) (Mostafa Madbouly) Madbouly   Equatorial Guinea: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Osa_Nsue_Nsua) (Manuel Osa Nsue Nsua) Osa   Eritrea: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaias_Afwerki) (Isaias Afwerki) Isaias   Eswatini: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Dlamini) (Russell Dlamini) Dlamini   Ethiopia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abiy_Ahmed) (Abiy Ahmed) Abiy   Gabon: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brice_Oligui_Nguema) (Brice Oligui Nguema) Oligui   The Gambia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adama_Barrow) (Adama Barrow) Barrow   Ghana: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Mahama) (John Mahama) Mahama   Guinea: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bah_Oury) (Bah Oury) Oury   Guinea-Bissau: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilídio_Vieira_Té) (Ilídio Vieira Té) Té   Ivory Coast: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Beugré_Mambé) (Robert Beugré Mambé) Mambé   Kenya: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Ruto) (William Ruto) Ruto   Lesotho: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Matekane) (Sam Matekane) Matekane   Liberia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Boakai) (Joseph Boakai) Boakai   Libya: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Hamid_Dbeibeh) (Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh) Dbeibeh   Madagascar: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamitiana_Rajaonarison) (Mamitiana Rajaonarison) Rajaonarison   Malawi: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Mutharika) (Peter Mutharika) Mutharika   Mali: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assimi_Goïta) (Assimi Goïta) Goïta   Mauritania: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mokhtar_Ould_Djay) (Mokhtar Ould Djay) Djay   Mauritius: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navin_Ramgoolam) (Navin Ramgoolam) Ramgoolam   Morocco: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aziz_Akhannouch) (Aziz Akhannouch) Akhannouch   Mozambique: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Chapo) (Daniel Chapo) Chapo   Namibia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netumbo_Nandi-Ndaitwah) (Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah) Nandi-Ndaitwah   Niger: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Lamine_Zeine) (Ali Lamine Zeine) Zeine   Nigeria: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bola_Tinubu) (Bola Tinubu) Tinubu   Rwanda: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Nsengiyumva) (Justin Nsengiyumva) Nsengiyumva   Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouchraya_Hammoudi_Bayoun) (Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun) Bouchraya    São Tomé and Príncipe: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Américo_Ramos) (Américo Ramos) Ramos   Senegal: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmadou_Al_Aminou_Lo) (Ahmadou Al Aminou Lo) Lo   Seychelles: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Herminie) (Patrick Herminie) Herminie   Sierra Leone: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Maada_Bio) (Julius Maada Bio) Bio   Somalia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamza_Abdi_Barre) (Hamza Abdi Barre) Hamza   Somaliland: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdirahman_Mohamed_Abdullahi) (Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi) Abdirahman    South Africa: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyril_Ramaphosa) (Cyril Ramaphosa) Ramaphosa   South Sudan: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salva_Kiir) (Salva Kiir) Kiir   Sudan: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamil_Idris) (Kamil Idris) Idris   Tanzania: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samia_Suluhu_Hassan) (Samia Suluhu Hassan) Suluhu   Togo: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faure_Gnassingbé) (Faure Gnassingbé) Gnassingbé   Tunisia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sara_Zaafarani) (Sara Zaafarani) Zaafarani   Uganda: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoweri_Museveni) (Yoweri Museveni) Museveni   Zambia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakainde_Hichilema) (Hakainde Hichilema) Hichilema   Zimbabwe: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmerson_Mnangagwa) (Emmerson Mnangagwa) Mnangagwa       Asia Afghanistan: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_Akhund) (Hasan Akhund) Akhund   Bahrain: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salman_bin_Hamad_Al_Khalifa) (Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa) Salman   Bangladesh: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarique_Rahman) (Tarique Rahman) Rahman   Bhutan: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tshering_Tobgay) (Tshering Tobgay) Tobgay   Brunei: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassanal_Bolkiah) (Hassanal Bolkiah) Bolkiah   Cambodia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hun_Manet) (Hun Manet) Manet   China: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Qiang) (Li Qiang) Li   India: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi) (Narendra Modi) Modi   Indonesia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prabowo_Subianto) (Prabowo Subianto) Prabowo   Iran: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masoud_Pezeshkian) (Masoud Pezeshkian) Pezeshkian   Iraq: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_al-Zaidi) (Ali al-Zaidi) al-Zaidi   Israel: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu) (Benjamin Netanyahu) Netanyahu   Japan: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanae_Takaichi) (Sanae Takaichi) Takaichi   Jordan: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jafar_Hassan) (Jafar Hassan) Hassan   Kazakhstan: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oljas_Bektenov) (Oljas Bektenov) Bektenov   Kuwait: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Al-Abdullah_Al-Sabah) (Ahmad Al-Abdullah Al-Sabah) Sabah   Kyrgyzstan: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadyr_Japarov) (Sadyr Japarov) Japarov   Laos: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonexay_Siphandone) (Sonexay Siphandone) Sonexay   Lebanon: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nawaf_Salam) Salam   Malaysia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_Ibrahim) (Anwar Ibrahim) Anwar   Maldives: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed_Muizzu) (Mohamed Muizzu) Muizzu   Mongolia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyam-Osoryn_Uchral) (Nyam-Osoryn Uchral) Uchral   Myanmar: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Min_Aung_Hlaing) (Min Aung Hlaing) Min Aung Hlaing   Nepal: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balen_Shah) (Balen Shah) Shah   North Korea: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pak_Thae-song) (Pak Thae-song) Pak   Oman: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haitham_bin_Tariq) (Haitham bin Tariq) Haitham   Pakistan: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shehbaz_Sharif) (Shehbaz Sharif) Shehbaz   Palestine: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Mustafa_(politician)) (Mohammad Mustafa (politician)) Mustafa    Philippines: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos) (Bongbong Marcos) Marcos   Qatar: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Abdulrahman_bin_Jassim_Al_Thani) (Mohammed bin Abdulrahman bin Jassim Al Thani) Mohammed   Saudi Arabia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Salman) (Mohammed bin Salman) Mohammed   Singapore: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Wong) (Lawrence Wong) Wong   South Korea: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Jae_Myung) (Lee Jae Myung) Lee   Sri Lanka: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anura_Kumara_Dissanayake) (Anura Kumara Dissanayake) Dissanayake   Syria: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed_al-Sharaa) (Ahmed al-Sharaa) al-Sharaa   Taiwan: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cho_Jung-tai) (Cho Jung-tai) Cho    Tajikistan: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qohir_Rasulzoda) (Qohir Rasulzoda) Rasulzoda   Thailand: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anutin_Charnvirakul) (Anutin Charnvirakul) Anutin   Timor-Leste: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanana_Gusmão) (Xanana Gusmão) Gusmão   Turkmenistan: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serdar_Berdimuhamedow) (Serdar Berdimuhamedow) Berdimuhamedow   United Arab Emirates: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Rashid_Al_Maktoum) (Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum) Mohammed   Uzbekistan: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdulla_Aripov) (Abdulla Aripov) Aripov   Vietnam: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lê_Minh_Hưng) (Lê Minh Hưng) Hưng   Yemen: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaya_al-Zindani) (Shaya al-Zindani) Zindani       Europe Abkhazia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badra_Gunba) (Badra Gunba) Gunba    Albania: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edi_Rama) (Edi Rama) Rama   Andorra: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xavier_Espot_Zamora) (Xavier Espot Zamora) Espot   Armenia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikol_Pashinyan) (Nikol Pashinyan) Pashinyan   Austria: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Stocker) (Christian Stocker) Stocker   Azerbaijan: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Asadov) (Ali Asadov) Asadov   Belarus: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Turchin) (Aleksandr Turchin) Turchin   Belgium: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bart_De_Wever) (Bart De Wever) De Wever   Bosnia and Herzegovina: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borjana_Krišto) (Borjana Krišto) Krišto   Bulgaria: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumen_Radev) (Rumen Radev) Radev   Croatia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrej_Plenković) (Andrej Plenković) Plenković   Cyprus: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikos_Christodoulides) (Nikos Christodoulides) Christodoulides   Czech Republic: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrej_Babiš) (Andrej Babiš) Babiš   Denmark: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mette_Frederiksen) (Mette Frederiksen) Frederiksen   Estonia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristen_Michal) (Kristen Michal) Michal   Finland: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petteri_Orpo) (Petteri Orpo) Orpo   France: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sébastien_Lecornu) (Sébastien Lecornu) Lecornu   Georgia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irakli_Kobakhidze) (Irakli Kobakhidze) Kobakhidze   Germany: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Merz) (Friedrich Merz) Merz   Greece: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyriakos_Mitsotakis) (Kyriakos Mitsotakis) Mitsotakis   Hungary: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Péter_Magyar) (Péter Magyar) Magyar   Iceland: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristrún_Frostadóttir) (Kristrún Frostadóttir) Kristrún   Ireland: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micheál_Martin) (Micheál Martin) Martin   Italy: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giorgia_Meloni) (Giorgia Meloni) Meloni   Kosovo: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albin_Kurti) (Albin Kurti) Kurti    Latvia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andris_Kulbergs) (Andris Kulbergs) Kulbergs   Liechtenstein: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brigitte_Haas) (Brigitte Haas) Haas   Lithuania: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindaugas_Sinkevičius) (Mindaugas Sinkevičius) Sinkevičius   Luxembourg: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luc_Frieden) (Luc Frieden) Frieden   Malta: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Abela) (Robert Abela) Abela   Moldova: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasile_Tofan) (Vasile Tofan) Tofan   Monaco: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christophe_Mirmand) (Christophe Mirmand) Mirmand   Montenegro: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milojko_Spajić) (Milojko Spajić) Spajić   Netherlands: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rob_Jetten) (Rob Jetten) Jetten   Northern Cyprus: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ünal_Üstel) (Ünal Üstel) Üstel    North Macedonia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hristijan_Mickoski) (Hristijan Mickoski) Mickoski   Norway: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonas_Gahr_Støre) (Jonas Gahr Støre) Støre   Poland: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Tusk) (Donald Tusk) Tusk   Portugal: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luís_Montenegro) (Luís Montenegro) Montenegro   Romania: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilie_Bolojan) (Ilie Bolojan) Bolojan  * Russia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Mishustin) (Mikhail Mishustin) Mishustin   San Marino: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luca_Beccari) (Luca Beccari) Beccari   Serbia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Đuro_Macut) (Đuro Macut) Macut   Slovakia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Fico) (Robert Fico) Fico   Slovenia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janez_Janša) (Janez Janša) Janša   South Ossetia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marat_Kambolov) (Marat Kambolov) Kambolov    Spain: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Sánchez) (Pedro Sánchez) Sánchez   Sweden: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulf_Kristersson) (Ulf Kristersson) Kristersson   Switzerland: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy_Parmelin) (Guy Parmelin) Parmelin , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignazio_Cassis) (Ignazio Cassis) Cassis , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karin_Keller-Sutter) (Karin Keller-Sutter) Keller-Sutter , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Rösti) (Albert Rösti) Rösti , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Élisabeth_Baume-Schneider) (Élisabeth Baume-Schneider) Baume-Schneider , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beat_Jans) (Beat Jans) Jans and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Pfister) (Martin Pfister) Pfister   Transnistria: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Rozenberg) (Aleksandr Rozenberg) Rozenberg    Turkey: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan) Erdoğan   Ukraine: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serhii_Koretskyi) (Serhii Koretskyi) Koretskyi   United Kingdom: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andy_Burnham) (Andy Burnham) Burnham   Vatican City: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raffaella_Petrini) (Raffaella Petrini) Petrini        North America Antigua and Barbuda: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaston_Browne) (Gaston Browne) Browne   The Bahamas: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Davis_(Bahamian_politician)) (Philip Davis (Bahamian politician)) Davis   Barbados: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mia_Mottley) (Mia Mottley) Mottley   Belize: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Briceño) (Johnny Briceño) Briceño   Canada: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Carney) (Mark Carney) Carney   Costa Rica: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laura_Fernández) (Laura Fernández) Fernández   Cuba: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Marrero_Cruz) (Manuel Marrero Cruz) Marrero Cruz   Dominica: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roosevelt_Skerrit) (Roosevelt Skerrit) Skerrit   Dominican Republic: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Abinader) (Luis Abinader) Abinader   El Salvador: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nayib_Bukele) (Nayib Bukele) Bukele   Grenada: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dickon_Mitchell) (Dickon Mitchell) Mitchell   Guatemala: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernardo_Arévalo) (Bernardo Arévalo) Arévalo   Haiti: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alix_Didier_Fils-Aimé) (Alix Didier Fils-Aimé) Fils-Aimé  * Honduras: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasry_Asfura) (Nasry Asfura) Asfura   Jamaica: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Holness) (Andrew Holness) Holness   Mexico: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claudia_Sheinbaum) (Claudia Sheinbaum) Sheinbaum   Nicaragua: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Ortega) (Daniel Ortega) Ortega and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosario_Murillo) (Rosario Murillo) Murillo   Panama: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/José_Raúl_Mulino) (José Raúl Mulino) Mulino   Saint Kitts and Nevis: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrance_Drew) (Terrance Drew) Drew   Saint Lucia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_J._Pierre) (Philip J. Pierre) Pierre   Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Godwin_Friday) (Godwin Friday) Friday   Trinidad and Tobago: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamla_Persad-Bissessar) (Kamla Persad-Bissessar) Persad-Bissessar   United States: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump) (Donald Trump) Trump       South America Argentina: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javier_Milei) (Javier Milei) Milei   Bolivia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodrigo_Paz) (Rodrigo Paz) Paz   Brazil: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luiz_Inácio_Lula_da_Silva) (Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva) Lula   Chile: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/José_Antonio_Kast) (José Antonio Kast) Kast   Colombia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abelardo_de_la_Espriella) (Abelardo de la Espriella) de la Espriella   Ecuador: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Noboa) (Daniel Noboa) Noboa   Guyana: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irfaan_Ali) (Irfaan Ali) Ali   Paraguay: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santiago_Peña) (Santiago Peña) Peña   Peru: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keiko_Fujimori) (Keiko Fujimori) Fujimori   Suriname: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jennifer_Geerlings-Simons) (Jennifer Geerlings-Simons) Geerlings-Simons   Uruguay: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yamandú_Orsi) (Yamandú Orsi) Orsi   Venezuela: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolás_Maduro) (Nicolás Maduro) Nicolás Maduro  (de jure) , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delcy_Rodríguez) (Delcy Rodríguez) Delcy Rodríguez  * (de facto)      Oceania Australia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Albanese) (Anthony Albanese) Albanese   Cook Islands: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Brown_(Cook_Islands_politician)) (Mark Brown (Cook Islands politician)) Brown    Fiji: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitiveni_Rabuka) (Sitiveni Rabuka) Rabuka   Kiribati: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taneti_Maamau) (Taneti Maamau) Maamau   Marshall Islands: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilda_Heine) (Hilda Heine) Heine   Federated States of Micronesia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wesley_Simina) (Wesley Simina) Simina   Nauru: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Adeang) (David Adeang) Adeang   New Zealand: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Luxon) (Christopher Luxon) Luxon   Niue: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalton_Tagelagi) (Dalton Tagelagi) Tagelagi    Palau: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surangel_Whipps_Jr.) (Surangel Whipps Jr.) Whipps Jr.   Papua New Guinea: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Marape) (James Marape) Marape   Samoa: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laʻauli_Leuatea_Schmidt) (Laʻauli Leuatea Schmidt) Schmidt   Solomon Islands: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Wale) (Matthew Wale) Wale   Tonga: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatafehi_Fakafānua) (Fatafehi Fakafānua) Fakafānua   Tuvalu: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feleti_Teo) (Feleti Teo) Teo   Vanuatu: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jotham_Napat) (Jotham Napat) Napat       Asterisks (*) indicate an acting head of government Italics indicate a head of government of non-UN member state         (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1364279517)    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Authority_control) (Help:Authority control) Authority control databases (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638463#identifiers) (Edit this at Wikidata) (Edit this at Wikidata)       International (https://isni.org/isni/0000000081180146) ISNI   (https://viaf.org/viaf/39405423) VIAF  (https://viaf.org/viaf/623152636175820052555) 2   (https://viaf.org/viaf/5073168048996138410006) 3   (https://viaf.org/viaf/3964159248254104870000) 4   (https://viaf.org/viaf/238216551) 5     (https://d-nb.info/gnd/1067988734) GND   (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJpdR83pVpTFHB76K4QrMP) WorldCat       National (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n85027695) United States   (https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb120965155) France   (https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb120965155) BnF data   (http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p418894337) Netherlands   (https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007494012805171) Israel   (https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058520301906706) Catalonia       Academics (Salām, Nawwāf) (https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA15018189?l=en) CiNii        Other (https://www.idref.fr/029312418) IdRef   (https://lux.collections.yale.edu/view/person/792f0010-9b3b-4eaa-9e63-242996d9d162) Yale LUX           (./Category:1953_births)  (./Category:Living_people)  (./Category:Harvard_Law_School_alumni)  (./Category:Politicians_from_Beirut)  (./Category:University_of_Paris_alumni)  (./Category:Academic_staff_of_the_American_University_of_Beirut)  (./Category:Academic_staff_of_the_University_of_Paris)  (./Category:Permanent_representatives_of_Lebanon_to_the_United_Nations)  (./Category:Salam_family#Nawaf)  (./Category:International_Court_of_Justice_judges)  (./Category:Presidents_of_the_International_Court_of_Justice)  (./Category:Lebanese_Sunni_politicians)  (./Category:Prime_ministers_of_Lebanon)  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