Recep Tayyip Erdoğan - Wikipedia (/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.parsoid.styles%7Cext.cite.styles%7Cext.phonos.icons%2Cstyles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.skinning.content.parsoid%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022) (/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022) (//upload.wikimedia.org) (/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png) (/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico) (/w/rest.php/v1/search) (Wikipedia (en)) (//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en) (Wikipedia Atom feed) (/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom) (//meta.wikimedia.org)  (auth.wikimedia.org)   Jump to content (Main menu)  Main menu  Main menu move to sidebar hide  Navigation  (/wiki/Main_Page) (Visit the main page [z]) Main page   (/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents) (Guides to browsing Wikipedia) Contents   (/wiki/Portal:Current_events) (Articles related to current events) Current events   (/wiki/Special:Random) (Visit a randomly selected article [x]) Random article   (/wiki/Wikipedia:About) (Learn about Wikipedia and how it works) About Wikipedia   (//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us) (How to contact Wikipedia) Contact us      Contribute  (/wiki/Help:Contents) (Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia) Help   (/wiki/Help:Introduction) (Learn how to edit Wikipedia) Learn to edit   (/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal) (The hub for editors) Community portal   (/wiki/Special:RecentChanges) (A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]) Recent changes   (/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard) (Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia) Upload file   (/wiki/Special:SpecialPages) (A list of all special pages [q]) Special pages           (/wiki/Main_Page) () (Wikipedia) (The Free Encyclopedia)    (/wiki/Special:Search) (Search Wikipedia [f])  Search  (Search Wikipedia) (Search Wikipedia [f])   (Special:Search)  Search           (Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color)  Appearance         (https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en) Donate   (/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Recep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan) (You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory) Create account   (/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Recep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan) (You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. 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[o])  Log in                  Contents move to sidebar hide  (Top)   1 Early life and education    Toggle Early life and education subsection  1.1 Education       2 Early political career    Toggle Early political career subsection  2.1 Mayor of Istanbul (1994–1998)     2.2 Imprisonment     2.3 Justice and Development Party       3 Premiership    Toggle Premiership subsection  3.1 General elections     3.2 Referendums     3.3 Domestic policy   3.3.1 Kurdish issue     3.3.2 Human rights     3.3.3 Economy     3.3.4 Education     3.3.5 Infrastructure     3.3.6 Justice     3.3.7 Civil–military relations     3.3.8 Health care       3.4 Foreign policy   3.4.1 European Union     3.4.2 Greece and Cyprus dispute     3.4.3 Armenia     3.4.4 Russia     3.4.5 United States     3.4.6 Iraq     3.4.7 Israel     3.4.8 Syria     3.4.9 Saudi Arabia     3.4.10 Egypt     3.4.11 Somalia       3.5 Protests       4 Presidency    Toggle Presidency subsection  4.1 Presidential elections     4.2 Referendum   4.2.1 Local elections       4.3 Domestic policy   4.3.1 Presidential palace     4.3.2 The media     4.3.3 State of emergency and purges     4.3.4 Economic policy       4.4 Foreign policy   4.4.1 Europe   4.4.1.1 Finnish and Swedish NATO accession       4.4.2 Greece   4.4.2.1 Diaspora       4.4.3 The Balkans     4.4.4 Azerbaijan     4.4.5 United Kingdom     4.4.6 Israel     4.4.7 Syrian Civil War     4.4.8 China     4.4.9 Japan     4.4.10 Qatar blockade     4.4.11 Myanmar     4.4.12 United States     4.4.13 Venezuela     4.4.14 Ukraine and Russian invasion of Ukraine       4.5 Events   4.5.1 Coup d'état attempt     4.5.2 2023 earthquake         5 Ideology and public image    Toggle Ideology and public image subsection  5.1 Erdoğanism     5.2 Ottomanism     5.3 Authoritarianism   5.3.1 Suppression of dissent     5.3.2 Lawsuits       5.4 Ziya Gökalp     5.5 Women     5.6 Views on minorities   5.6.1 LGBT     5.6.2 Jews       5.7 Armenian genocide     5.8 Climate change       6 Personal life     7 Electoral history     8 Honors, awards and recognitions     9 Bibliography    Toggle Bibliography subsection  9.1 Books     9.2 Articles       10 See also     11 Notes     12 References     13 Further reading     14 External links           (Table of Contents)  Toggle the table of contents      Recep Tayyip Erdoğan    147 languages  (https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%B1_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B8%D0%B1_%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%BD) (Рэджэб Тайиб Эрдогъан – Adyghe) Адыгабзэ   (https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Afrikaans) Afrikaans   (https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Alemannic) Alemannisch   (https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%A8%E1%8C%80%E1%8D%95_%E1%89%B3%E1%8B%AD%E1%8D%95_%E1%8A%A5%E1%88%AD%E1%8B%B6%E1%8B%8B%E1%8A%95) (ረጀፕ ታይፕ እርዶዋን – Amharic) አማርኛ   (https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Amis) Pangcah   (https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Aragonese) Aragonés   (https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A8_%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86) (رجب طيب أردوغان – Arabic) العربية   (https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A8_%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88%DD%A3%D8%A7%D9%86) (رجب طيب أردوݣان – Moroccan Arabic) الدارجة   (https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A8_%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86) (رجب طيب اردوغان – Egyptian Arabic) مصرى   (https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Asturian) Asturianu   (https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%BD,_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B1_%D0%A2%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B8%D0%BF) (Эрдогъан, Ражаб ТӀайип – Avaric) Авар   (https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C9%99c%C9%99b_Tayyib_%C6%8Frdo%C4%9Fan) (Rəcəb Tayyib Ərdoğan – Azerbaijani) Azərbaycanca   (https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A8_%D8%B7%DB%8C%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86) (رجب طیب اردوغان – South Azerbaijani) تۆرکجه   (https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D3%99%D0%B6%D3%99%D0%BF_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B8%D0%BF_%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD) (Рәжәп Тайип Эрдоған – Bashkir) Башҡортса   (https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Central Bikol) Bikol Central   (https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%BF_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%96%D0%BF_%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD) (Рэджэп Таіп Эрдаган – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)) Беларуская (тарашкевіца)   (https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%BF_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%96%D0%BF_%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD) (Рэджэп Таіп Эрдаган – Belarusian) Беларуская   (https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BF_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BF_%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD) (Реджеп Таип Ердоган – Bulgarian) Български   (https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AA_%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA_%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8) (রেজেপ তাইয়িপ এরদোয়ান – Bangla) বাংলা   (https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Breton) Brezhoneg   (https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Bosnian) Bosanski   (https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Catalan) Català   (https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BD,_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BF_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B8%D0%BF) (ЭрдогӀан, Реджеп Тайип – Chechen) Нохчийн   (https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%DB%95%D8%AC%DB%95%D8%A8_%D8%AA%DB%95%DB%8C%DB%8C%D8%A8_%D8%A6%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%AF%DB%86%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86) (ڕەجەب تەییب ئەردۆغان – Central Kurdish) کوردی   (https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Crimean Tatar) Qırımtatarca   (https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Czech) Čeština   (https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BF_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B8%D0%BF_%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD) (Реджеп Тайип Эрдоган – Chuvash) Чӑвашла   (https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Welsh) Cymraeg   (https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Danish) Dansk   (https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – German) Deutsch   (https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Dimli) Zazaki   (https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Central Dusun) Kadazandusun   (https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A1%CE%B5%CF%84%CE%B6%CE%AD%CF%80_%CE%A4%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%AF%CF%80_%CE%95%CF%81%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AC%CE%BD) (Ρετζέπ Ταγίπ Ερντογάν – Greek) Ελληνικά   (https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Esperanto) Esperanto   (https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Spanish) Español   (https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Estonian) Eesti   (https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Basque) Euskara   (https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A8_%D8%B7%DB%8C%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86) (رجب طیب اردوغان – Persian) فارسی   (https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Finnish) Suomi   (https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Faroese) Føroyskt   (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – French) Français   (https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Irish) Gaeilge   (https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Gagauz) Gagauz   (https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayy%C4%B1p_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyıp Erdoğan – Scottish Gaelic) Gàidhlig   (https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Galician) Galego   (https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Hausa) Hausa   (https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A8%D7%92%27%D7%A4_%D7%98%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A4_%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9F) (רג'פ טאיפ ארדואן – Hebrew) עברית   (https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%AC_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AC_%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8) (रजब तैयब इरदुगान – Hindi) हिन्दी   (https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Fiji Hindi) Fiji Hindi   (https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Croatian) Hrvatski   (https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Upper Sorbian) Hornjoserbsce   (https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Hungarian) Magyar   (https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%A5%D5%BB%D5%A5%D6%83_%D4%B9%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D6%83_%D4%B7%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%B8%D5%B2%D5%A1%D5%B6) (Ռեջեփ Թայիփ Էրդողան – Armenian) Հայերեն   (https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Interlingua) Interlingua   (https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Iban) Jaku Iban   (https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Indonesian) Bahasa Indonesia   (https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Interlingue) Interlingue   (https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BF_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B8%D0%BF_%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD) (Реджеп Тайип Эрдоган – Ingush) ГӀалгӀай   (https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Ido) Ido   (https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Icelandic) Íslenska   (https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Italian) Italiano   (https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AC%E3%82%B8%E3%82%A7%E3%83%83%E3%83%97%E3%83%BB%E3%82%BF%E3%82%A4%E3%82%A4%E3%83%83%E3%83%97%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AB%E3%83%89%E3%82%A2%E3%83%B3) (レジェップ・タイイップ・エルドアン – Japanese) 日本語   (https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%AF%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4_%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%A4_%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A6%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98) (რეჯეფ თაიფ ერდოღანი – Georgian) ქართული   (https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D1%8D%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8D%D0%B1_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B8%D0%B1_%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%BD) (Рэджэб Тайиб Эрдогъан – Kabardian) Адыгэбзэ   (https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyib_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyib Erdoğan – Komering) Kumoring   (https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BF_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BF_%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BD) (Режеп Тайып Ердоған – Kazakh) Қазақша   (https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A0%88%EC%A0%9C%ED%94%84_%ED%83%80%EC%9D%B4%EC%9D%B4%ED%94%84_%EC%97%90%EB%A5%B4%EB%8F%84%EC%95%88) (레제프 타이이프 에르도안 – Korean) 한국어   (https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8E%D8%AC%D8%A8_%D8%B7%DB%8C%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%8E%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86) (رَجب طیب اَردوگان – Kashmiri) کٲشُر   (https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Kurdish) Kurdî   (https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BF_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B8%D0%BF_%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD) (Режеп Тайип Эрдоган – Kyrgyz) Кыргызча   (https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Latin) Latina   (https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Ladino) Ladino   (https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Luxembourgish) Lëtzebuergesch   (https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%8A%D0%B0%D0%BD,_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B1_%D0%A2%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B8%D0%BF) (Эрдогъан, Ражаб ТӀайип – Lak) Лакку   (https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Limburgish) Limburgs   (https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Lombard) Lombard   (https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A5%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%9A_%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%A2%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%9A_%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%AD%E0%BB%82%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%81%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%99) (ເລເຈບ ໄຕຢິບ ແອໂດກັນ – Lao) ລາວ   (https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Lithuanian) Lietuvių   (https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%C5%BEeps_Tajips_Erdogans) (Redžeps Tajips Erdogans – Latvian) Latviešu   (https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Madurese) Madhurâ   (https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Malagasy) Malagasy   (https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Minangkabau) Minangkabau   (https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%9F%D0%B5%D0%BF_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BF_%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD) (Реџеп Таип Ердоган – Macedonian) Македонски   (https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C_%E0%B4%8E%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BB) (റെജപ് തയ്യിപ്‌ എർദ്വാൻ – Malayalam) മലയാളം   (https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BF_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B8%D0%BF_%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD) (Режеп Тайип Эрдоган – Mongolian) Монгол   (https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AA_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AA_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8) (रेसेप तय्यिप एर्दोगान – Marathi) मराठी   (https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Malay) Bahasa Melayu   (https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AE%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%9A%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%A1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%92%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%A1%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA) (ရီဂျစ် တိုင်ယစ် အာဒိုအန် – Burmese) မြန်မာဘာသာ   (https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A8_%D8%B7%DB%8C%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86) (رجب طیب اردوغان – Mazanderani) مازِرونی   (https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AA_%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AA_%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8) (रजेप तैयप एर्दोगान – Nepali) नेपाली   (https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Dutch) Nederlands   (https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Norwegian Nynorsk) Norsk nynorsk   (https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Norwegian Bokmål) Norsk bokmål   (https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Occitan) Occitan   (https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Polish) Polski   (https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A8_%D8%B7%DB%8C%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86) (رجب طیب اردوغان – Western Punjabi) پنجابی   (https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A8_%D8%B7%DB%8C%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86) (رجب طیب اردوغان – Pashto) پښتو   (https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Portuguese) Português   (https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Quechua) Runa Simi   (https://rn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Rundi) Ikirundi   (https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Romanian) Română   (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD,_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BF_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B8%D0%BF) (Эрдоган, Реджеп Тайип – Russian) Русский   (https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BF_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BF_%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD) (Реджеп Таїп Ердоган – Rusyn) Русиньскый   (https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Kinyarwanda) Ikinyarwanda   (https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BF_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B8%D0%BF) (Эрдоган Реджеп Тайип – Yakut) Саха тыла   (https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%AF_%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AF_%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B6%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B1) (ᱨᱤᱥᱮᱯ ᱛᱟᱭᱤᱯ ᱮᱨᱫᱚᱶᱟᱱ – Santali) ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ   (https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Scots) Scots   (https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A8_%D8%B7%D9%8A%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86) (رجب طيب اردگان – Sindhi) سنڌي   (https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Serbo-Croatian) Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски   (https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Simple English) Simple English   (https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Slovak) Slovenčina   (https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Slovenian) Slovenščina   (https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajab_Dayib_Erdogaan) (Rajab Dayib Erdogaan – Somali) Soomaaliga   (https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rexhep_Taip_Erdoan) (Rexhep Taip Erdoan – Albanian) Shqip   (https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%9F%D0%B5%D0%BF_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%B8%D0%BF_%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD) (Реџеп Тајип Ердоган – Serbian) Српски / srpski   (https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Swedish) Svenska   (https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Swahili) Kiswahili   (https://syl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%A0%9E%EA%A0%A4%EA%A0%8D%EA%A0%A6%EA%A0%9A_%EA%A0%94%EA%A0%A3%EA%A0%84%EA%A0%9A_%EA%A0%84%EA%A0%9E%EA%A0%96%EA%A0%A5%EA%A0%89%EA%A0%A3%EA%A0%98) (ꠞꠤꠍꠦꠚ ꠔꠣꠄꠚ ꠄꠞꠖꠥꠉꠣꠘ – Sylheti) ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ   (https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Silesian) Ślůnski   (https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Sakizaya) Sakizaya   (https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D) (ரசிப் தைய்யிப் எர்டோகன் – Tamil) தமிழ்   (https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Atayal) Tayal   (https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%8E%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%97%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D) (రెసెప్ తయ్యిప్ ఎర్డోగాన్ – Telugu) తెలుగు   (https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D2%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B8%D0%B1_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%83%D2%93%D0%BE%D0%BD) (Раҷаб Тайиб Ардуғон – Tajik) Тоҷикӣ   (https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%9B_%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B_%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99) (เรเจป ไตยิป แอร์โดอัน – Thai) ไทย   (https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rejep_Ta%C3%BD%C3%BDyp_Erdogan) (Rejep Taýýyp Erdogan – Turkmen) Türkmençe   (https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Tagalog) Tagalog   (https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C9%99%C4%8D%C9%99b_Tajjib_%C6%8Frdo%C7%A7an) (Rəčəb Tajjib Ərdoǧan – Talysh) Tolışi   (https://tok.wikipedia.org/wiki/jan_Lese_Etokan) (jan Lese Etokan – Toki Pona) Toki pona   (https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Turkish) Türkçe   (https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Taroko) Seediq   (https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D3%99%D2%97%D3%99%D0%BF_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B9%D0%B8%D0%BF_%D3%98%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD) (Рәҗәп Таййип Әрдоган – Tatar) Татарча / tatarça   (https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Tumbuka) ChiTumbuka   (https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD,_%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BF_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B8%D0%BF) (Эрдоган, Реджеп Тайип – Udmurt) Удмурт   (https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%95%D8%AC%DB%95%D9%BE_%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%89%D9%BE_%D8%A6%DB%95%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86) (رەجەپ تاييىپ ئەردوغان – Uyghur) ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche   (https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BF_%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%97%D0%BF_%D0%95%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD) (Реджеп Тайїп Ердоган – Ukrainian) Українська   (https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%AC%D8%A8_%D8%B7%DB%8C%D8%A8_%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86) (رجب طیب ایردوان – Urdu) اردو   (https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Uzbek) Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча   (https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Vietnamese) Tiếng Việt   (https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Volapük) Volapük   (https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E5%90%89%E6%B3%BC%C2%B7%E6%B3%B0%E4%BC%8A%E6%B3%BC%C2%B7%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%9A%E5%AE%89) (雷吉泼·泰伊泼·埃尔多安 – Wu) 吴语   (https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%AF%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4_%E1%83%97%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%A4_%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A6%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98) (რეჯეფ თაიფ ერდოღანი – Mingrelian) მარგალური   (https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Yoruba) Yorùbá   (https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%94%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8A%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%B1_%E2%B5%9F%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%89%E2%B4%B1_%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%94%E2%B4%B7%E2%B5%93%E2%B4%B3%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F) (ⵔⴰⵊⴰⴱ ⵟⴰⵢⵢⵉⴱ ⴰⵔⴷⵓⴳⴰⵏ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight) ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ   (https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan – Minnan) 閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gí   (https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%88%A9%E8%84%8A%C2%B7%E6%B3%B0%E6%A5%AD%C2%B7%E5%9F%83%E7%88%BE%E5%A4%9A%E5%AE%89) (利脊·泰業·埃爾多安 – Cantonese) 粵語   (https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%B7%E6%9D%B0%E6%99%AE%C2%B7%E5%A1%94%E4%BC%8A%E6%99%AE%C2%B7%E5%9F%83%E5%B0%94%E5%A4%9A%E5%AE%89) (雷杰普·塔伊普·埃尔多安 – Chinese) 中文    (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q39259#sitelinks-wikipedia) (Edit interlanguage links) Edit links       (/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (View the content page [c]) Article   (/wiki/Talk:Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) (Discuss improvements to the content page [t]) Talk      English         (/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan) Read   (/w/index.php?title=Recep_Tayyip_Erdo%C4%9Fan&action=edit) (This page is protected.
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For the name, see (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erdoğan_(name)) (Erdoğan (name)) Erdoğan (name) .   (./Category:Wikipedia_pages_semi-protected_against_vandalism#Recep%20Tayyip%20Erdoğan)    ()      This article may be (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_size) (Wikipedia:Article size) too long to read and navigate comfortably .  When this tag was added, its (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:SIZERULE) (Wikipedia:SIZERULE) readable prose size was 15,947 words.Consider (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Splitting) (Wikipedia:Splitting) splitting content into sub-articles, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Summary_style) (Wikipedia:Summary style) condensing it, or adding (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Section#Subsections) (Help:Section) subheadings . Please discuss this issue on the article's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan) (Talk:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan) talk page . (May 2025 )       (./Category:Articles_that_may_be_too_long_from_May_2025)  (./Category:All_articles_that_may_be_too_long)    (./Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_February_2026)   (./Category:Use_British_English_from_March_2024)  (./Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_British_English)    Recep Tayyip Erdoğan   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Turkish_President_Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan_in_January_2024_(cropped).jpg)    Erdoğan in 2024   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1358620234)     12th (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Turkey) (President of Turkey) President of Turkey   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incumbent) (Incumbent) Incumbent     Assumed office    28 August 2014 (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1358620234)   Prime Minister   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Davutoğlu) (Ahmet Davutoğlu) Ahmet Davutoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binali_Yıldırım) (Binali Yıldırım) Binali Yıldırım      Vice President  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuat_Oktay) (Fuat Oktay) Fuat Oktay  (2018–2023) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cevdet_Yılmaz) (Cevdet Yılmaz) Cevdet Yılmaz  (2023–present)     Preceded by  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_Gül) (Abdullah Gül) Abdullah Gül  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1358620234)   25th (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Turkey) (Prime Minister of Turkey) Prime Minister of Turkey   In office   14 March 2003 – 28 August 2014 (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1358620234)   President (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Necdet_Sezer) (Ahmet Necdet Sezer) Ahmet Necdet Sezer  Abdullah Gül     Deputy See list   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazım_Ekren) (Nazım Ekren) Nazım Ekren  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Babacan) (Ali Babacan) Ali Babacan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bülent_Arınç) (Bülent Arınç) Bülent Arınç  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beşir_Atalay) (Beşir Atalay) Beşir Atalay  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bekir_Bozdağ) (Bekir Bozdağ) Bekir Bozdağ  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emrullah_İşler) (Emrullah İşler) Emrullah İşler      Preceded by  Abdullah Gül  Succeeded by  Ahmet Davutoğlu (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1358620234)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leader_of_the_Justice_and_Development_Party) (Leader of the Justice and Development Party) Leader of the Justice and Development Party   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incumbent) (Incumbent) Incumbent     Assumed office    21 May 2017 (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1358620234)   Preceded by  Binali Yıldırım (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1358620234)   In office   14 August 2001 – 27 August 2014 (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1358620234)   Preceded by  Office established   Succeeded by  Ahmet Davutoğlu (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1358620234)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Member_of_the_Grand_National_Assembly) (Member of the Grand National Assembly) Member of the Grand National Assembly   In office   9 March 2003 – 28 August 2014 (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1358620234)   Constituency (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siirt_(electoral_district)) (Siirt (electoral district)) Siirt ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003_Siirt_Province_by-election) (2003 Siirt Province by-election) 2003 by-election ) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul_(electoral_districts)) (Istanbul (electoral districts)) Istanbul (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İstanbul_(1st_electoral_district)) (İstanbul (1st electoral district)) (I) ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_Turkish_general_election) (2007 Turkish general election) 2007 , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Turkish_general_election) (2011 Turkish general election) 2011 )    (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1358620234)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayor_of_Istanbul) (Mayor of Istanbul) Mayor of Istanbul   In office   27 March 1994 – 6 November 1998 (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1358620234)   Preceded by  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurettin_Sözen) (Nurettin Sözen) Nurettin Sözen   Succeeded by  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Müfit_Gürtuna) (Ali Müfit Gürtuna) Ali Müfit Gürtuna  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1358620234)   Chairman of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organization_of_Turkic_States) (Organization of Turkic States) Organization of Turkic States   In office   12 November 2021 – 11 November 2022 (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1358620234)   Preceded by  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilham_Aliyev) (Ilham Aliyev) Ilham Aliyev   Succeeded by  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shavkat_Mirziyoyev) (Shavkat Mirziyoyev) Shavkat Mirziyoyev  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1358620234)   In office   28 August 2014 – 11 September 2015 (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1358620234)   Preceded by  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_Gül) (Abdullah Gül) Abdullah Gül   Succeeded by  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nursultan_Nazarbayev) (Nursultan Nazarbayev) Nursultan Nazarbayev     Personal details  Born (1954-02-26 )  26 February 1954(age 72)  Istanbul, Turkey   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_party) (Political party) Party  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)) (Justice and Development Party (Turkey)) Justice and Development (2001–2014; 2017–present)  Other political affiliations  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Salvation_Party) (National Salvation Party) National Salvation Party (before 1981) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welfare_Party) (Welfare Party) Welfare Party (1983–1998) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtue_Party) (Virtue Party) Virtue Party (1998–2001) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_politician) (Independent politician) Independent (2014–2017)     Spouse  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emine_Erdoğan) (Emine Erdoğan) Emine Erdoğan [ 1]     ​   ​  ( (married) m.  (4 July 1978) 1978 )  ​    Children  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Burak_Erdoğan) (Ahmet Burak Erdoğan) Ahmet  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilal_Erdoğan) (Bilal Erdoğan) Bilal  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esra_Erdoğan) (Esra Erdoğan) Esra  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sümeyye_Erdoğan) (Sümeyye Erdoğan) Sümeyye      Relatives (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berat_Albayrak) (Berat Albayrak) Berat Albayrak  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selçuk_Bayraktar) (Selçuk Bayraktar) Selçuk Bayraktar    (sons-in-law)  Education (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmara_University) (Marmara University) Marmara University ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBA) (BBA) BBA )[ a]      Awards  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_awards_and_honours_received_by_Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan) (List of awards and honours received by Recep Tayyip Erdoğan) Full list   Signature (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Signature_Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan.svg) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan's signature) ()      Website (https://tccb.gov.tr/receptayyiperdogan/) Government website   (./Category:Official_website_different_in_Wikidata_and_Wikipedia)         (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_in_Ukraine.jpg)     This article is part of a series about  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan) Recep Tayyip Erdoğan          Personal (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_life_and_career_of_Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan) (Early life and career of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan) Early life and career  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_image_of_Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan) (Public image of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan) Public image  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_awards_and_honours_received_by_Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan) (List of awards and honours received by Recep Tayyip Erdoğan) Honors and awards  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_honorary_doctorates_awarded_to_Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan) (List of honorary doctorates awarded to Recep Tayyip Erdoğan) Honorary doctorates  Bibliography (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/This_Song_Doesn't_End_Here) (This Song Doesn't End Here) This Song Doesn't End Here   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Fairer_World_Is_Possible) (A Fairer World Is Possible) A Fairer World Is Possible     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erdoğanism) (Erdoğanism) Erdoğanism (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Erdoğanism) (Anti-Erdoğanism) anti-Erdoğanism        Cabinets (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_Erdoğan_I) (Cabinet Erdoğan I) First cabinet  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_Erdoğan_II) (Cabinet Erdoğan II) Second cabinet  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_Erdoğan_III) (Cabinet Erdoğan III) Third cabinet  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_Erdoğan_IV) (Cabinet Erdoğan IV) Fourth cabinet  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/67th_cabinet_of_Turkey) (67th cabinet of Turkey) Fifth cabinet      25th Prime Minister of Turkey (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premiership_of_Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan) (Premiership of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan) Premiership  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan_government) (Foreign policy of the Recep Tayyip Erdoğan government) Foreign policy  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prime_ministerial_trips_made_by_Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan) (List of prime ministerial trips made by Recep Tayyip Erdoğan) International trips  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil–military_relations_during_the_Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan_government) (Civil–military relations during the Recep Tayyip Erdoğan government) Civil–military ties  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan_speech_in_Diyarbakır) (2005 Recep Tayyip Erdoğan speech in Diyarbakır) Diyarbakır speech  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accession_of_Turkey_to_the_European_Union) (Accession of Turkey to the European Union) Turkish EU membership bid  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_Turkish_constitutional_referendum) (2007 Turkish constitutional referendum) 2007 constitutional referendum  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Turkish_constitutional_referendum) (2010 Turkish constitutional referendum) 2010 constitutional referendum  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vision_2023) (Vision 2023) Vision 2023  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_initiative) (Democratic initiative) Democratic initiative  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gezi_park_protests) (Gezi park protests) Gezi park protests  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_corruption_scandal_in_Turkey) (2013 corruption scandal in Turkey) 2013 corruption scandal      12th President of Turkey (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan) (Presidency of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan) Presidency  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan) (List of international presidential trips made by Recep Tayyip Erdoğan) International trips  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan_Presidential_Campaign,_2014) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Presidential Campaign, 2014) 2014 presidential campaign  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Turkish_coup_d'état_attempt) (2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt) 2016 coup attempt  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016–present_purges_in_Turkey) (2016–present purges in Turkey) Purges  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Turkish_constitutional_referendum) (2017 Turkish constitutional referendum) 2017 referendum  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan_presidential_campaign,_2018) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan presidential campaign, 2018) 2018 presidential campaign  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_economic_crisis_(2018–current)) (Turkish economic crisis (2018–current)) Economic crisis  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkey) (COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey) COVID-19 pandemic  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erdoğan_Iran_poem_controversy) (Erdoğan Iran poem controversy) Poem controversy  Finnish and Swedish NATO accession bids  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Turkey–Syria_earthquake) (2023 Turkey–Syria earthquake) 2023 earthquake  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan_presidential_campaign) (2023 Recep Tayyip Erdoğan presidential campaign) 2023 presidential campaign  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Turkish_protests) (2025 Turkish protests) 2025 protests      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan) (Electoral history of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan) Elections  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_Istanbul_mayoral_election) (1994 Istanbul mayoral election) 1994  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_Turkish_general_election) (2002 Turkish general election) 2002  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_Turkish_general_election) (2007 Turkish general election) 2007  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Turkish_general_election) (2011 Turkish general election) 2011  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Turkish_presidential_election) (2014 Turkish presidential election) 2014  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Turkish_general_election) (2018 Turkish general election) 2018  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Turkish_presidential_election) (2023 Turkish presidential election) 2023       (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Erdogan_sidebar) (Template:Erdogan sidebar) (View this template) v   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Erdogan_sidebar) (Template talk:Erdogan sidebar) (Discuss this template) t   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Erdogan_sidebar) (Special:EditPage/Template:Erdogan sidebar) (Edit this template) e         Recep Tayyip Erdoğan [ b]    (born 26 February 1954) is a Turkish politician who has been the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Turkey) (President of Turkey) president of Turkey since 2014. He previously served as the 25th (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_minister_of_Turkey) (Prime minister of Turkey) prime minister from 2003 to 2014 as part of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)) (Justice and Development Party (Turkey)) Justice and Development Party (AKP), which he co-founded in 2001. He also served as (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayor_of_Istanbul) (Mayor of Istanbul) mayor of Istanbul from 1994 to 1998. Coming from an (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamist) (Islamist) Islamist background and promoting (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socially_conservative) (Socially conservative) socially conservative policies, Erdoğan has been Turkey's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto) (De facto) de facto  leader since 2002. Turkey has experienced (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_backsliding_in_Asia_by_country#Turkey) (Democratic backsliding in Asia by country) democratic backsliding and suppression of dissent under Erdoğan.[ 5]     Erdoğan was born in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beyoğlu) (Beyoğlu) Beyoğlu , Istanbul, and studied at the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmara_University) (Marmara University) Aksaray Academy of Economic and Commercial Sciences , before working as a consultant and senior manager in the private sector. Becoming active in local politics, he was elected (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welfare_Party) (Welfare Party) Welfare Party 's Beyoğlu district chair in 1984 and Istanbul chair in 1985. Following the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_Istanbul_mayoral_election) (1994 Istanbul mayoral election) 1994 local elections , Erdoğan was elected mayor of Istanbul. In 1998 he was convicted for inciting religious hatred and banned from politics after reciting a poem by (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziya_Gökalp) (Ziya Gökalp) Ziya Gökalp that compared mosques to barracks and the faithful to an army. Erdoğan was released from prison in 1999 and formed the AKP, abandoning openly Islamist policies. Erdoğan led the AKP to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_Turkish_general_election) (2002 Turkish general election) a landslide victory in the election for the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_National_Assembly_of_Turkey) (Grand National Assembly of Turkey) Grand National Assembly in 2002, and became prime minister after winning (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003_Siirt_Province_by-election) (2003 Siirt Province by-election) a by-election in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siirt_(electoral_district)) (Siirt (electoral district)) Siirt in 2003. Erdoğan led the AKP to two more election victories (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_Turkish_general_election) (2007 Turkish general election) in 2007 and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Turkish_general_election) (2011 Turkish general election) 2011 . His tenure consisted of economic recovery from the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001_Turkish_economic_crisis) (2001 Turkish economic crisis) economic crisis of 2001 , the start of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accession_of_Turkey_to_the_European_Union) (Accession of Turkey to the European Union) EU membership negotiations , and the reduction of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil–military_relations_during_the_Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan_government) (Civil–military relations during the Recep Tayyip Erdoğan government) military influence on politics . In late 2012, his government began (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013–2015_PKK–Turkey_peace_process) (2013–2015 PKK–Turkey peace process) peace negotiations with the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdistan_Workers_Party) (Kurdistan Workers Party) Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) to end the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdish–Turkish_conflict_(1978–present)) (Kurdish–Turkish conflict (1978–present)) Kurdish–Turkish conflict , negotiations which ended three years later. In 2014, Erdoğan became the country's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Turkish_presidential_election) (2014 Turkish presidential election) first directly elected president . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan) (Presidency of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan) Erdoğan's presidency has been marked by democratic backsliding and a shift towards authoritarianism. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erdoğanomics) (Erdoğanomics) His economic policies have led to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_economic_crisis_(2018–current)) (Turkish economic crisis (2018–current)) high inflation and the depreciation of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_lira) (Turkish lira) Turkish lira . He has intervened in conflicts in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war) (Turkish involvement in the Syrian civil war) Syria and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_intervention_in_Libya_(2020–present)) (Turkish intervention in Libya (2020–present)) Libya , launched operations against the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Euphrates_Shield) (Operation Euphrates Shield) Islamic State , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Turkish_offensive_into_north-eastern_Syria) (2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria) Syrian Democratic Forces , and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Spring_Shield) (Operation Spring Shield) Ba'athist Syria , and has made threats against (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece–Turkey_relations) (Greece–Turkey relations) Greece and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel–Turkey_relations) (Israel–Turkey relations) Israel . He oversaw the transformation of Turkey's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliamentary_system) (Parliamentary system) parliamentary system into a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_system) (Presidential system) presidential system , introducing (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Term_limit) (Term limit) term limits and expanding executive powers, and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey's_migrant_crisis) (Turkey's migrant crisis) Turkey's migrant crisis . In May 2022, Erdoğan temporarily blocked (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland) (Finland) Finland and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden) (Sweden) Sweden from joining (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO) (NATO) NATO . Erdoğan responded to the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) (2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine) 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine by closing the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosphorus) (Bosphorus) Bosphorus to Russian naval reinforcements, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Sea_Grain_Initiative) (Black Sea Grain Initiative) brokering a deal between Russia and Ukraine regarding the export of grain, and mediating a prisoner exchange. In 2025, Erdoğan oversaw the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arrest_of_Ekrem_İmamoğlu) (Arrest of Ekrem İmamoğlu) arrest of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayor_of_Istanbul) (Mayor of Istanbul) Istanbul mayor (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekrem_İmamoğlu) (Ekrem İmamoğlu) Ekrem İmamoğlu and his subsequent disqualification from the upcoming (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2028_Turkish_presidential_election) (2028 Turkish presidential election) 2028 presidential election , for which he was considered the opposition front-runner, leading to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Turkish_protests) (2025 Turkish protests) ongoing widespread protests .[ 6]         Early life and education  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_life_and_career_of_Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan) (Early life and career of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan) Early life and career of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan  Recep Tayyip Erdoğan was born on 26 February 1954 in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasımpaşa,_Beyoğlu) (Kasımpaşa, Beyoğlu) Kasımpaşa, Beyoğlu to a modest (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservatism_in_Turkey) (Conservatism in Turkey) conservative Muslim family.[ 7]    [ 8]    Erdoğan's family is originally from (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjara) (Adjara) Adjara , a region in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_(country)) (Georgia (country)) Georgia .[ 9]    Although Erdoğan was reported to have said in 2003 that he was of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgians_in_Turkey) (Georgians in Turkey) Georgian origin and that his origins were in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batumi) (Batumi) Batumi ,[ 8]    [ 10]    he later denied this.[ 8]    His parents were Ahmet Erdoğan (1905–1988), a coastguard and sea captain,[ 11]    [ 12]    and Tenzile Erdoğan ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Née) (Née) née Mutlu; 1924–2011).[ 13]     While Erdoğan attended school in Istanbul, his summer holidays were mostly spent in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Güneysu) (Güneysu) Güneysu , Rize, where his family originates from. Throughout his life he often returned to this spiritual home, and in 2015 he opened a vast mosque on a mountaintop near this village.[ 14]    The family returned to Istanbul when Erdoğan was 13 years old.[ 15]     As a teenager, Erdoğan's father provided him with a weekly allowance of 2.5 Turkish lira, less than a dollar. With it, Erdoğan bought postcards and resold them on the street. He sold bottles of water to drivers stuck in traffic. Erdoğan also worked as a street vendor selling (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simit) (Simit) simit (sesame bread rings), wearing a white gown and selling the simit from a red three-wheel cart with the rolls stacked behind glass.[ 15]    In his youth, Erdoğan played semi-professional (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_football) (Association football) football in Camialtıspor FC, a local club.[ 16]    [ 2]    [ 17]    [ 18]    The (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan_Stadium) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Stadium) stadium of the local football club in the district where he grew up, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasımpaşa_S.K.) (Kasımpaşa S.K.) Kasımpaşa S.K. is named after him.[ 19]    [ 20]     Erdoğan is a member of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_of_İskenderpaşa) (Community of İskenderpaşa) Community of İskenderpaşa , a Turkish Sufistic community of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naqshbandi_Order) (Naqshbandi Order) Naqshbandi Order .[ 21]    [ 22]     Education  Erdoğan graduated from Kasımpaşa Piyale Primary School in 1965, and the Istanbul (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İmam_Hatip_High_School) (İmam Hatip High School) İmam Hatip High School , a religious vocational high school, in 1973.[ 23]    The same educational path was followed by other co-founders of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AK_Party) (AK Party) AK Party .[ 24]    One quarter of the curriculum of İmam Hatip schools involves study of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quran) (Quran) Quran , the life of the Islamic prophet (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad) (Muhammad) Muhammad , and the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_language) (Arabic language) Arabic language . Erdoğan studied the Quran at the İmam Hatip, where his classmates began calling him hoca ("teacher" or "religious official"). Erdoğan attended a meeting of the nationalist student group National Turkish Student Union (Milli Türk Talebe Birliği ), who sought to raise a conservative cohort of young people to counter the rising movement of leftists in Turkey. Within the group, Erdoğan was distinguished by his oratorical skills, developing a penchant for public speaking and excelling in front of an audience. He won first place in a poetry-reading competition organized by the Community of Turkish Technical Painters, and began preparing for speeches through reading and research. Erdoğan would later comment on these competitions as "enhancing our courage to speak in front of the masses".[ 25]     Erdoğan wanted to pursue advanced studies at the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faculty_of_Political_Science,_Ankara_University) (Faculty of Political Science, Ankara University) Ankara University Faculty of Political Science , commonly known as Mülkiye, but only students with regular high school diplomas were eligible to apply, thereby excluding Imam Hatip graduates. Mülkiye was known for its political science department, which trained many statesmen and politicians in Turkey. Erdoğan was then admitted to Eyüp High School, a regular state school. That he eventually received a high school diploma from this school is a subject of debate.[ 26]    [ 27]     According to his official biography, Erdoğan subsequently studied (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_administration) (Business administration) business administration at the Aksaray School of Economics and Commercial Sciences ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_language) (Turkish language) Turkish :  Aksaray İktisat ve Ticaret Yüksekokulu (./Category:Articles_containing_Turkish-language_text)  ), now known as (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmara_University) (Marmara University) Marmara University 's Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences.[ 2]    Both the authenticity and status of his degree have been the subject of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan_university_diploma_controversy) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan university diploma controversy) disputes and controversy over whether the diploma is legitimate and ought to be considered sufficient to make him eligible as a candidate for the presidency.[ 28]       Early political career  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   See also: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan) (Electoral history of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan) Electoral history of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Crop_of_Erdogan_in_Canakkale.jpg)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_minister_of_Turkey) (Prime minister of Turkey) Prime Minister Erdoğan on 18 March 2008, during the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallipoli_campaign#Legacy) (Gallipoli campaign) Çanakkale Victory and Martyrs' Remembrance Day ceremony  In 1976, Erdoğan engaged in politics by joining the National Turkish Student Union, an (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-communist) (Anti-communist) anti-communist action group. In the same year, he became head of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beyoğlu) (Beyoğlu) Beyoğlu youth branch of the Islamist (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Salvation_Party) (National Salvation Party) National Salvation Party (MSP),[ 29]    and was later promoted to chair of the Istanbul youth branch.[ 23]    He held this position until the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980_military_coup) (1980 military coup) 1980 military coup which dissolved all major political parties. He went on to be a consultant and senior executive in the private sector in the aftermath of the coup. Three years later, in 1983, Erdoğan followed most of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necmettin_Erbakan) (Necmettin Erbakan) Necmettin Erbakan 's followers into the newly founded (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welfare_Party) (Welfare Party) Welfare Party (RP). The new party, like its predecessors subscribed to Erbakan's strain of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamism) (Islamism) Islamism , the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millî_Görüş) (Millî Görüş) National view . He became the party's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beyoğlu) (Beyoğlu) Beyoğlu district chair in 1984, and head of its Istanbul branch in 1985. Erdoğan entered the parliamentary by-elections of 1986 as a candidate in Istanbul's 6th electoral district, but failed to get elected. Three years later, Erdoğan ran for the district mayoralty of Beyoğlu, finishing in second place with 22.8% of the vote.[ 30]     In the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_Turkish_general_election) (1991 Turkish general election) 1991 general election , the Welfare Party more than doubled its share of the vote in Istanbul compared to four years prior, reaching 16.7%. At first, Erdoğan, who led his party's district list, was thought to have been elected to parliament. However, as a product of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-list_proportional_representation) (Open-list proportional representation) open-list proportional representation system adopted during the previous term, after all votes expressing a candidate preference were tabulated, it was instead Mustafa Baş who earned the seat allocated to the Welfare Party. A difference of about 4,000 preferential votes separated the two, with Baş's ~13,000 to Erdoğan's ~9,000.[ 31]      Mayor of Istanbul (1994–1998)  In the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_Turkish_local_elections) (1994 Turkish local elections) local elections of 1994 , Erdoğan ran as a candidate for (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayor_of_Istanbul) (Mayor of Istanbul) Mayor of Istanbul . He was a young, dark horse candidate in a crowded field. Over the course of the campaign, he was mocked by the mainstream media and treated as a country bumpkin by his opponents.[ 32]    In an upset, he won with 25.19% of the popular vote, making it the first time a mayor of Istanbul got elected from his political party. His win coincided with a wave of Welfare Party victories nationwide, as they won 28 provincial mayoralties - most out of any party - and numerous metropolitan seats, including the capital, Ankara. He said at the time: "Democracy is like a train: when we reach our destination, we get off".[ 33]     Erdoğan governed pragmatically, focusing on bread-and-butter issues. He aimed to tackle the chronic problems plaguing the metropolis, such as (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_shortage) (Water shortage) water shortage , pollution – (https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ümraniye%20çöp%20patlaması) (tr:Ümraniye çöp patlaması) waste collection issues in particular – and severely congested traffic. He undertook an infrastructure overhaul: expanding and modernizing the water grid with hundreds of kilometres of new water pipes being laid, and constructing more than fifty bridges, viaducts, and stretches of highway to mitigate traffic. State-of-the-art recycling facilities were built and air pollution was reduced through a plan to switch to natural gas. He changed the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transit_bus) (Transit bus) public buses to environmentally friendly ones. He took precautions to prevent corruption, using measures to ensure that municipal funds were used prudently. He paid back a major portion of Istanbul (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_Municipality) (Metropolitan Municipality) Metropolitan Municipality 's two-billion-dollar debt and invested four billion dollars in the city.[ 34]    He also opened up City Hall to the people, gave out his e-mail address and established municipal hot lines.[ 35]     Erdoğan initiated the first roundtable of mayors during the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Habitat_II) (Habitat II) Istanbul conference , which led to a global, organized movement of mayors. A seven-member international jury from the United Nations unanimously awarded Erdoğan the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UN-Habitat) (UN-Habitat) UN-Habitat award.[ 36]      Imprisonment  In December 1997 in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siirt) (Siirt) Siirt , Erdoğan recited a modified version of the "(https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asker%20Duası) (tr:Asker Duası) Soldier's prayer " poem written by (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziya_Gökalp) (Ziya Gökalp) Ziya Gökalp , a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-Turkish) (Pan-Turkish) pan-Turkish activist of the early 20th century.[ 37]    This version included an additional stanza in the beginning, its first two verses reading "The mosques are our barracks, the domes our helmets / The minarets our bayonets and the faithful our soldiers...."[ 15]    Under (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Article_312_(Turkish_Penal_Code)) (Article 312 (Turkish Penal Code)) article 312/2 of the Turkish penal code his recitation was regarded by the judge as an incitement to violence and religious or racial hatred.[ 38]    [ 39]    [ 37]    In his defence, Erdoğan said that the poem was published in state-approved books.[ 35]    How this version of the poem ended up in a book published by the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_Standards_Institution) (Turkish Standards Institution) Turkish Standards Institution remained a topic of discussion.[ 40]     Erdoğan was given a ten-month prison sentence.[ 39]    He was forced to give up his mayoral position due to his conviction. The conviction also stipulated a political ban, which prevented him from participating in elections.[ 41]    He had appealed for the sentence to be converted to a monetary fine, but it was reduced to four months instead (24 March 1999 to 27 July 1999).[ 42]     He was transferred to Pınarhisar prison in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kırklareli_Province) (Kırklareli Province) Kırklareli . The day Erdoğan went to prison, he released an album called (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/This_Song_Doesn't_End_Here) (This Song Doesn't End Here) This Song Doesn't End Here  .[ 43]    The album features a tracklist of seven poems and became the best-selling album of Turkey in 1999, selling over one million copies.[ 44]    After his release, Erdoğan sought refuge in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetovo) (Tetovo) Tetovo , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Macedonia) (North Macedonia) Macedonia with an ethnic Albanian family with whom he stayed with for several months.[ 45]     In 2013, Erdoğan visited the Pınarhisar prison again for the first time in fourteen years. After the visit, he said "For me, Pınarhisar is a symbol of rebirth, where we prepared the establishment of the Justice and Development Party".[ 46]      Justice and Development Party  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Yasar_Yakis,_Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan,_Romano_Prodi_and_Günter_Verheugen_in_2002.jpg)   Party leader Erdoğan's meeting with (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romano_Prodi) (Romano Prodi) Romano Prodi ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_European_Commission) (President of the European Commission) President of the European Commission ) and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Günter_Verheugen) (Günter Verheugen) Günter Verheugen ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Commissioner_for_Neighbourhood_and_Enlargement) (European Commissioner for Neighbourhood and Enlargement) European Commissioner for Neighbourhood and Enlargement ) in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brussels) (Brussels) Brussels , Belgium, 2002  Erdoğan was member of political parties that kept getting banned by the army or judges. Within his (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtue_Party) (Virtue Party) Virtue Party , there was a dispute about the appropriate discourse of the party between traditional politicians and pro-reform politicians. The latter envisioned a party that could operate within the limits of the system, and thus not getting banned as its predecessors like (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Order_Party) (National Order Party) National Order Party , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Salvation_Party) (National Salvation Party) National Salvation Party and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welfare_Party) (Welfare Party) Welfare Party . They wanted to give the group the character of an ordinary (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservatism) (Conservatism) conservative party with its members being Muslim Democrats following the example of the Europe's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_democracy) (Christian democracy) Christian Democrats .[ 35]     When the Virtue Party was also banned in 2001, a definitive split took place: the followers of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necmettin_Erbakan) (Necmettin Erbakan) Necmettin Erbakan founded the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felicity_Party) (Felicity Party) Felicity Party (SP) and the reformers founded the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)) (Justice and Development Party (Turkey)) Justice and Development Party (AKP) under the leadership of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_Gül) (Abdullah Gül) Abdullah Gül and Erdoğan. The pro-reform politicians realized that a strictly Islamic party would never be accepted as a governing party by the state apparatus and they believed that an Islamic party did not appeal to more than about 20 percent of the Turkish electorate. The AK party emphatically placed itself as a broad democratic conservative party with new politicians from the political centre (like (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Babacan) (Ali Babacan) Ali Babacan and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mevlüt_Çavuşoğlu) (Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu) Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu ), while respecting Islamic norms and values, but without an explicit religious program. This turned out to be successful as the new party won 34% of the vote in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_Turkish_general_election) (2002 Turkish general election) general elections of 2002 . Erdoğan became prime minister in March 2003 after the Gül government ended his political ban.[ 47]       Premiership  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premiership_of_Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan) (Premiership of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan) Premiership of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mariano_Rajoy_visiting_Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan_in_Turkey_(5).jpg)   Prime Minister Erdoğan during a press conference with Spanish Prime Minister (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariano_Rajoy) (Mariano Rajoy) Mariano Rajoy , at the Office of the Prime Minister (Başbakanlık), in 2014  General elections  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main articles: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_Turkish_general_election) (2002 Turkish general election) 2002 Turkish general election , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_Turkish_general_election) (2007 Turkish general election) 2007 Turkish general election , and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Turkish_general_election) (2011 Turkish general election) 2011 Turkish general election  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_Turkish_general_election) (2002 Turkish general election) The elections of 2002 were the first elections in which Erdoğan participated as a party leader. All parties previously elected to parliament failed to win enough votes to re-enter the parliament. The AKP won 34.3% of the national vote and formed the new government. Turkish stocks rose more than 7% on Monday morning. Politicians of the previous generation, such as (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bülent_Ecevit) (Bülent Ecevit) Ecevit , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahceli) (Bahceli) Bahceli , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesut_Yılmaz) (Mesut Yılmaz) Yılmaz and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Çiller) (Çiller) Çiller , resigned. The second largest party, the CHP, received 19.4% of the votes. The AKP won a landslide victory in the parliament, taking nearly two-thirds of the seats. Erdoğan could not become Prime Minister as he was still banned from politics by the judiciary for his speech in Siirt. Gül became the Prime Minister instead. In December 2002, the Supreme Election Board cancelled the general election results from Siirt due to voting irregularities and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003_Siirt_Province_by-election) (2003 Siirt Province by-election) scheduled a new election for 9 February 2003 . By this time, party leader Erdoğan was able to run for parliament due to a legal change made possible by the opposition Republican People's Party. The AKP duly listed Erdoğan as a candidate for the rescheduled election, which he won, becoming Prime Minister after Gül handed over the post.[ 48]     On 14 April 2007, an estimated 300,000 people marched in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankara) (Ankara) Ankara to protest against the possible candidacy of Erdoğan in the 2007 presidential election, afraid that if elected as president, he would alter the secular nature of the Turkish state.[ 49]    Erdoğan announced on 24 April 2007 that the party had nominated (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_Gül) (Abdullah Gül) Abdullah Gül as the AKP candidate in the presidential election.[ 50]    [ 51]    The protests continued over the next several weeks, with over one million people reported to have turned out at a 29 April rally in Istanbul,[ 52]    tens of thousands at separate protests on 4 May in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manisa) (Manisa) Manisa and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Çanakkale) (Çanakkale) Çanakkale ,[ 53]    and one million in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İzmir) (İzmir) İzmir on 13 May.[ 54]     The stage of the elections of 2007 was set for a fight for legitimacy in the eyes of voters between his government and the CHP. Erdoğan used the event that took place during the ill-fated Presidential elections a few months earlier as a part of the general election campaign of his party. On 22 July 2007, the AKP won an important victory over the opposition, garnering 46.7% of the popular vote. 22 July elections marked only the second time in the Republic of Turkey's history whereby an incumbent governing party won an election by increasing its share of popular support.[ 55]    On 14 March 2008, Turkey's Chief Prosecutor asked the country's Constitutional Court to ban Erdoğan's governing party.[ 56]    The party escaped a ban on 30 July 2008, a year after winning 46.7% of the vote in national elections, although judges did cut the party's public funding by 50%.[ 57]     In the June 2011 elections, Erdoğan's governing party won 327 seats (49.83% of the popular vote) making Erdoğan the only prime minister in Turkey's history to win three consecutive general elections, each time receiving more votes than the previous election. The second party, the Republican People's Party (CHP), received 135 seats (25.94%), the nationalist MHP received 53 seats (13.01%), and the Independents received 35 seats (6.58%).[ 58]     A US$100 billion (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_corruption_scandal_in_Turkey) (2013 corruption scandal in Turkey) corruption scandal in 2013 led to the arrests of Erdoğan's close allies, and incriminated Erdoğan.[ 59]    [ 60]    [ 61]      Referendums  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main articles: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_Turkish_constitutional_referendum) (2007 Turkish constitutional referendum) 2007 Turkish constitutional referendum and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Turkish_constitutional_referendum) (2010 Turkish constitutional referendum) 2010 Turkish constitutional referendum  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Deniz_Baykal_&_Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan.jpg)   Erdoğan in a meeting with the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_the_Main_Opposition_Leaders_of_Turkey) (List of the Main Opposition Leaders of Turkey) Main Opposition Leader (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deniz_Baykal) (Deniz Baykal) Deniz Baykal of the Republican People's Party (CHP)  After the opposition parties deadlocked the 2007 presidential election by boycotting the parliament, the ruling AKP proposed a constitutional reform package. The reform package was first vetoed by (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Necdet_Sezer) (Ahmet Necdet Sezer) President Ahmet Necdet Sezer . Then he applied to the Turkish constitutional court about the reform package, because the president is unable to veto amendments for the second time. The Turkish constitutional court did not find any problems in the packet and 68.95% of the voters supported the constitutional changes.[ 62]    The reforms consisted of electing the president by popular vote instead of by parliament; reducing the presidential term from seven years to five; allowing the president to stand for re-election for a second term; holding general elections every four years instead of five; and reducing from 367 to 184 the quorum of lawmakers needed for parliamentary decisions. Reforming the Constitution was one of the main pledges of the AKP during the 2007 election campaign. The main opposition party CHP was not interested in altering the Constitution on a big scale, making it impossible to form a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitutional_Commission) (Constitutional Commission) Constitutional Commission (Anayasa Uzlaşma Komisyonu ).[ 63]    The amendments lacked the two-thirds majority needed to become law instantly, but secured 336 votes in the 550-seat parliament – enough to put the proposals to a referendum. The reform package included a number of issues such as the right of individuals to appeal to the highest court, the creation of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ombudsman) (Ombudsman) ombudsman 's office; the possibility to negotiate a nationwide labour contract; gender equality; the ability of civilian courts to convict members of the military; the right of civil servants to go on strike; a privacy law; and the structure of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Turkey) (Constitutional Court of Turkey) Constitutional Court . The referendum was agreed by a majority of 58%.[ 64]      Domestic policy  Kurdish issue  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   See also: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013–2015_PKK–Turkey_peace_process) (2013–2015 PKK–Turkey peace process) 2013–2015 PKK–Turkey peace process  In 2009, Prime Minister Erdoğan's government announced a plan to help end the quarter-century-long (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey–Kurdistan_Workers'_Party_conflict) (Turkey–Kurdistan Workers' Party conflict) Turkey–Kurdistan Workers' Party conflict that had cost more than 40,000 lives. The government's plan, supported by the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union) (European Union) European Union , intended to allow the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdish_language) (Kurdish language) Kurdish language to be used in all broadcast media and political campaigns, and restored Kurdish names to cities and towns that had been (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Place_name_changes_in_Turkey) (Place name changes in Turkey) given Turkish ones .[ 65]    Erdoğan said, "We took a courageous step to resolve chronic issues that constitute an obstacle along Turkey's development, progression and empowerment."[ 65]    Erdoğan passed a partial amnesty to reduce penalties faced by many members of the Kurdish guerrilla movement (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PKK) (PKK) PKK who had surrendered to the government.[ 66]    On 23 November 2011, during a televised meeting of his party in Ankara, he apologized on behalf of the state for the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dersim_massacre) (Dersim massacre) Dersim massacre , where many (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alevi) (Alevi) Alevis and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zazas) (Zazas) Zazas were killed.[ 67]    In 2013 the government of Erdoğan began a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013–2015_PKK–Turkey_peace_process) (2013–2015 PKK–Turkey peace process) peace process between the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdistan_Workers'_Party) (Kurdistan Workers' Party) Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) and the Turkish Government,[ 68]    mediated by parliamentarians of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peoples'_Democratic_Party_(Turkey)) (Peoples' Democratic Party (Turkey)) Peoples' Democratic party (HDP).[ 69]     In 2015, following AKP electoral defeat, the rise of a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peoples'_Democratic_Party_(Turkey)) (Peoples' Democratic Party (Turkey)) social democrat, pro-Kurdish rights opposition party , and the minor (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceylanpınar_incident#Background) (Ceylanpınar incident) Ceylanpınar incident , he decided that the peace process was over and supported the revocation of the parliamentary immunity of the HDP parliamentarians.[ 70]    Violent confrontation resumed in 2015–2017, mainly in the South East of Turkey, resulting in higher death tolls and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdistan_Workers'_Party_insurgency#External_operations) (Kurdistan Workers' Party insurgency) several external operations on the part of the Turkish military. Representatives and elected HDP have been systematically arrested, removed, and replaced in their offices, this tendency being confirmed after the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Turkish_coup_attempt) (2016 Turkish coup attempt) 2016 Turkish coup attempt and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purges_in_Turkey_following_the_2016_Turkish_coup_attempt) (Purges in Turkey following the 2016 Turkish coup attempt) the following purges . Six thousand additional deaths occurred in Turkey alone for 2015–2022. Yet, as of 2022 the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdistan_Workers'_Party_insurgency#Since_2013:_from_ceasefire_to_new_confrontations) (Kurdistan Workers' Party insurgency) intensity of the PKK-Turkey conflict did decrease in recent years.[ 71]    In the previous decade, Erdoğan and the AKP government used anti-PKK, martial rhetoric and external operations to raise Turkish nationalist votes before elections.[ 72]    [ 73]    [ 74]      Human rights  During Erdoğan's time as Prime Minister, the far-reaching powers of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-terrorism_legislation#Turkey) (Anti-terrorism legislation) 1991 Anti-Terror Law were reduced. In 2004, the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_punishment_in_Turkey) (Capital punishment in Turkey) death penalty was abolished for all circumstances.[ 75]    The (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_initiative) (Democratic initiative) Democratic initiative process was initiated, with the goal to improve democratic standards in general and the rights of ethnic and religious minorities in particular. In 2012, the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_and_Equality_Institution_of_Turkey) (Human Rights and Equality Institution of Turkey) Human Rights and Equality Institution of Turkey and the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ombudsman_Institution) (Ombudsman Institution) Ombudsman Institution were established. The (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optional_Protocol_to_the_Convention_against_Torture) (Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture) UN Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture was ratified. Children are no longer prosecuted under terrorism legislation.[ 76]    The Jewish community were allowed to celebrate (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanukkah) (Hanukkah) Hanukkah publicly for the first time in modern Turkish history in 2015.[ 77]    The Turkish government approved a law in 2008 to return properties confiscated in the past by the state to non-Muslim foundations.[ 78]    It also paved the way for the free allocation of worship places such as synagogues and churches to non-Muslim foundations.[ 79]    However, European officials noted a return to more authoritarian ways after the stalling of Turkey's bid to join the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union) (European Union) European Union [ 80]    notably on (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_speech) (Freedom of speech) freedom of speech ,[ 81]    [ 82]    [ 83]    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Censorship_in_Turkey) (Censorship in Turkey) freedom of the press [ 84]    [ 85]    [ 86]    and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights_of_Kurdish_people_in_Turkey) (Human rights of Kurdish people in Turkey) Kurdish minority rights .[ 87]    [ 88]    [ 89]    [ 90]    Demands by activists for the recognition of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Turkey) (LGBTQ rights in Turkey) LGBTQ rights were publicly rejected by government members.[ 91]    [ 92]     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reporters_Without_Borders) (Reporters Without Borders) Reporters Without Borders reported a continuous decrease in Freedom of the Press during Erdoğan's later terms, with a rank of around 100 on its (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Press_Freedom_Index) (Press Freedom Index) Press Freedom Index during his first term and a rank of 153 out of a total of 179 countries in 2021.[ 93]    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_House) (Freedom House) Freedom House reported a slight recovery in later years and awarded Turkey a Press Freedom Score of 55/100 in 2012 after a low point of 48/100 in 2006.[ 94]    [ 95]    [ 96]    [ 97]     In 2011, Erdoğan's government made legal reforms to return properties of Christian and Jewish minorities which were seized by the Turkish government in the 1930s.[ 98]    The total value of the properties returned reached $2 billion (USD).[ 99]     Under Erdoğan, the Turkish government tightened the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol_laws_of_Turkey) (Alcohol laws of Turkey) laws on the sale and consumption of alcohol , banning all advertising and increasing the tax on alcoholic beverages.[ 100]      Economy  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Public_debt_as_percent_of_GDP_-_Europe_major_economies.PNG)   Public debt of the six major European countries between 2002 and 2009 as a percentage of GDP  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:GDP_per_capita_PPP_Emerging_economies.png)   GDP per capita PPP of Turkey compared to other emerging economies  In 2002, Erdoğan inherited a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_economy) (Turkish economy) Turkish economy that was beginning to recover from a recession as a result of reforms implemented by (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemal_Derviş) (Kemal Derviş) Kemal Derviş .[ 101]    Erdoğan supported Finance Minister (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Babacan) (Ali Babacan) Ali Babacan in enforcing macro-economic policies. Erdoğan tried to attract more foreign investors to Turkey and lifted many government regulations. The cash-flow into the Turkish economy between 2002 and 2012 caused a growth of 64% in real GDP and a 43% increase in GDP per capita; considerably higher numbers were commonly advertised but these did not account for the inflation of the US dollar between 2002 and 2012.[ 102]    The average annual growth in GDP per capita was 3.6%. The growth in real GDP between 2002 and 2012 was higher than the values from developed countries, but was close to average when developing countries are also taken into account. The ranking of the Turkish economy in terms of GDP moved slightly from 17 to 16 during this decade. A major consequence of the policies between 2002 and 2012 was the widening of the current account deficit from US$600 million to US$58 billion (2013 est.)[ 103]     Since 1961, Turkey has signed 19 IMF loan accords. Erdoğan's government satisfied the budgetary and market requirements of the two during his administration and received every loan installment, the only time any Turkish government has done so.[ 104]    Erdoğan inherited a debt of $23.5 billion to the IMF, which was reduced to $0.9 billion in 2012. He decided not to sign a new deal. Turkey's debt to the IMF was thus declared to be completely paid and he announced that the IMF could borrow from Turkey.[ 105]    In 2010, five-year (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Credit_default_swap) (Credit default swap) credit default swaps for Turkey's sovereign debt were trading at a record low of 1.17%, below those of nine EU member countries and Russia. In 2002, the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_Central_Bank) (Turkish Central Bank) Turkish Central Bank had $26.5 billion in reserves. This amount reached $92.2 billion in 2011. During Erdoğan's leadership, inflation fell from 32% to 9.0% in 2004. Since then, Turkish inflation has continued to fluctuate around 9% and is still one of the highest inflation rates in the world.[ 106]    The Turkish public debt as a percentage of annual GDP declined from 74% in 2002 to 39% in 2009. In 2012, Turkey had a lower ratio of public debt to GDP than 21 of 27 members of the European Union and a lower budget deficit to GDP ratio than 23 of them.[ 107]     In 2003, Erdoğan's government pushed through the Labor Act, a comprehensive reform of Turkey's labour laws. The law greatly expanded the rights of employees, establishing a 45-hour workweek and limiting overtime work to 270 hours a year, provided legal protection against discrimination due to sex, religion, or political affiliation, prohibited discrimination between permanent and temporary workers, entitled employees terminated without "valid cause" to compensation, and mandated written contracts for employment arrangements lasting a year or more.[ 108]    [ 109]      Education  Erdoğan increased the budget of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Education_(Turkey)) (Ministry of National Education (Turkey)) Ministry of Education from 7.5 billion lira in 2002 to 34 billion lira in 2011, the highest share of the national budget given to one ministry.[ 110]    Before his prime ministership the military received the highest share of the national budget. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compulsory_education) (Compulsory education) Compulsory education was increased from eight years to twelve.[ 111]    In 2003, the Turkish government, together with (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNICEF) (UNICEF) UNICEF , initiated a campaign called "Come on girls, [let's go] to school!" ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_language) (Turkish language) Turkish :  Haydi Kızlar Okula! (./Category:Articles_containing_Turkish-language_text)  ). The goal of this campaign was to close the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_differences_in_education) (Sex differences in education) gender gap in primary school enrollment through the provision of a quality basic education for all girls, especially in southeast Turkey.[ 112]     In 2005, the parliament granted amnesty to students expelled from universities before 2003. The amnesty applied to students dismissed on academic or disciplinary grounds.[ 113]    In 2004, textbooks became free of charge and since 2008 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provinces_of_Turkey) (Provinces of Turkey) every province in Turkey has its own university.[ 114]    During Erdoğan's Premiership, the number of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universities_in_Turkey) (Universities in Turkey) universities in Turkey nearly doubled, from 98 in 2002 to 186 in October 2012.[ 115]     The Prime Minister kept his campaign promises by starting the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatih_project) (Fatih project) Fatih project in which all state schools, from preschool to high school level, received a total of 620,000 smart boards, while tablet computers were distributed to 17 million students and approximately one million teachers and administrators.[ 116]     In June 2017 a draft proposal by the ministry of education was approved by Erdoğan, in which the curriculum for schools excluded the teaching of the theory of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwinism) (Darwinism) evolution of Charles Darwin by 2019. From then on the teaching will be postponed and start at undergraduate level.[ 117]      Infrastructure  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1915_Çanakkale_Bridge1.JPG)   The (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1915_Çanakkale_Bridge) (1915 Çanakkale Bridge) 1915 Çanakkale Bridge , the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longest_suspension_bridge_in_the_world) (Longest suspension bridge in the world) longest suspension bridge in the world , was officially opened by Erdoğan in 2022.[ 118]    [ 119]      Under Erdoğan's government, the number of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airports_in_Turkey) (Airports in Turkey) airports in Turkey increased from 26 to 50 in the period of 10 years.[ 120]    Between the founding of the Republic of Turkey in 1923 and 2002, there had been 6,000 km of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual_carriageway) (Dual carriageway) dual carriageway roads created. Between 2002 and 2011, another 13,500 km of expressway were built. Due to these measures, the number of motor accidents fell by 50 percent.[ 121]    For the first time in Turkish history, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-speed_rail_in_Turkey) (High-speed rail in Turkey) high speed railway lines were constructed, and the country's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankara-Istanbul_high-speed_railway) (Ankara-Istanbul high-speed railway) high-speed train service began in 2009.[ 122]    In 8 years, 1,076 km of railway were built and 5,449 km of railway renewed. The construction of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmaray) (Marmaray) Marmaray , an undersea rail tunnel under the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosphorus_strait) (Bosphorus strait) Bosphorus strait , started in 2004. It was inaugurated on the 90th anniversary of the Turkish Republic 29 October 2013.[ 123]    The inauguration of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yavuz_Sultan_Selim_Bridge) (Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge) Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge , the third bridge over the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosphorus) (Bosphorus) Bosphorus , was on 26 August 2016.[ 124]      Justice  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Court_of_Cassation_in_Ankara2.jpg)   The new (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Court_of_Cassation_(Turkey)) (Court of Cassation (Turkey)) Court of Cassation (Yargıtay ) building in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankara) (Ankara) Ankara was opened in 2021.  In March 2006, the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Board_of_Judges_and_Prosecutors) (Supreme Board of Judges and Prosecutors) Supreme Board of Judges and Prosecutors (HSYK) held a press conference to publicly protest the obstruction of the appointment of judges to the high courts for over 10 months. The HSYK said Erdoğan wanted to fill the vacant posts with his own appointees. Erdoğan was accused of creating a rift with Turkey's highest court of appeal, the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yargıtay) (Yargıtay) Yargıtay  , and high administrative court, the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danıştay) (Danıştay) Danıştay  . Erdoğan stated that the constitution gave the power to assign these posts to his elected party.[ 125]     In May 2007, the head of Turkey's High Court asked prosecutors to consider whether Erdoğan should be charged over critical comments regarding the election of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_Gül) (Abdullah Gül) Abdullah Gül as president.[ 125]    Erdoğan said the ruling was "a disgrace to the justice system", and criticized the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitutional_Court) (Constitutional Court) Constitutional Court which had invalidated a presidential vote because a boycott by other parties meant there was no (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quorum) (Quorum) quorum . Prosecutors investigated his earlier comments, including saying it had fired a "bullet at democracy". (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tülay_Tuğcu) (Tülay Tuğcu) Tülay Tuğcu , head of the Constitutional Court, condemned Erdoğan for "threats, insults and hostility" towards the justice system.[ 126]       Civil–military relations  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil–military_relations_during_the_Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan_government) (Civil–military relations during the Recep Tayyip Erdoğan government) Civil–military relations during the Recep Tayyip Erdoğan government  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Visita_del_Presidente_de_Turquía_a_la_Cancillería_del_Perú_(24663516722).jpg)   Erdoğan during an official visit to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru) (Peru) Peru , with a member of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_army) (Turkish army) Turkish army behind him  The Turkish military has had a record of intervening in politics, having removed elected governments (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Coups_d'état_in_Turkey) (Category:Coups d'état in Turkey) four times in the past . During the Erdoğan government, civil–military relationship moved towards normalization in which the influence of the military in politics was significantly reduced.[ 127]    The ruling Justice and Development Party has often faced off against the military, gaining political power by challenging a pillar of the country's laicistic establishment. The most significant issue that caused deep fissures between the army and the government was the midnight (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-memorandum) (E-memorandum) e-memorandum posted on the military's website objecting to the selection of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Turkey)) (Minister of Foreign Affairs (Turkey)) Foreign Minister (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_Gül) (Abdullah Gül) Abdullah Gül as the ruling party's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_Turkish_presidential_election) (2007 Turkish presidential election) candidate for the Presidency in 2007. The military argued that the election of Gül, whose wife wears an (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_headscarf) (Islamic headscarf) Islamic headscarf , could undermine the laicistic order of the country. Contrary to expectations, the government responded harshly to former Chief of General Staff Gen. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaşar_Büyükanıt) (Yaşar Büyükanıt) Yaşar Büyükanıt 's e-memorandum, stating the military had nothing to do with the selection of the presidential candidate.[ 128]      Health care  After assuming power in 2003, Erdoğan's government embarked on a sweeping reform program of the Turkish healthcare system, called the Health Transformation Program (HTP), to greatly increase the quality of healthcare and protect all citizens from financial risks. Its introduction coincided with the period of sustained economic growth, allowing the Turkish government to put greater investments into the healthcare system. As part of the reforms, the "Green Card" program, which provides health benefits to the poor, was expanded in 2004.[ 129]    The reform program aimed at increasing the ratio of private to state-run healthcare, which, along with long queues in state-run hospitals, resulted in the rise of private medical care in Turkey, forcing state-run hospitals to compete by increasing quality. In April 2006, Erdoğan unveiled a social security reform package demanded by the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund) (International Monetary Fund) International Monetary Fund under a loan deal. The move, which Erdoğan called one of the most radical reforms ever, was passed with fierce opposition. Turkey's three social security bodies were united under one roof, bringing equal health services and retirement benefits for members of all three bodies. The previous system had been criticized for reserving the best healthcare for civil servants and relegating others to wait in long queues. Under the second bill, everyone under the age of 18 years was entitled to free health services, irrespective of whether they pay premiums to any social security organization. The bill also envisages a gradual increase in the retirement age: starting from 2036, the retirement age will increase to 65 by 2048 for both women and men.[ 130]     In January 2008, the Turkish Parliament adopted a law to prohibit smoking in most public places. Erdoğan is outspokenly anti-smoking.[ 131]       Foreign policy  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main articles: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan_government) (Foreign policy of the Recep Tayyip Erdoğan government) Foreign policy of the Recep Tayyip Erdoğan government and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_international_prime_ministerial_trips_made_by_Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan) (List of international prime ministerial trips made by Recep Tayyip Erdoğan) List of international prime ministerial trips made by Recep Tayyip Erdoğan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Erdogan_foreign_trips_as_prime_minister.png)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prime_ministerial_trips_made_by_Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan) (List of prime ministerial trips made by Recep Tayyip Erdoğan) Countries visited by Recep Tayyip Erdoğan as prime minister  Turkish foreign policy during Erdoğan's tenure as prime minister has been associated with the name of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Davutoğlu) (Ahmet Davutoğlu) Ahmet Davutoğlu . Davutoğlu was the chief foreign policy advisor of Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan before he was appointed foreign minister in 2009. The basis of Erdoğan's foreign policy is based on the principle of "don't make enemies, make friends"[ 132]    and the pursuit of "zero problems" with neighbouring countries.[ 133]     Erdoğan is co-founder of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations) (United Nations) United Nations (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alliance_of_Civilizations) (Alliance of Civilizations) Alliance of Civilizations (AOC). The initiative seeks to galvanize international action against (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extremism) (Extremism) extremism through the forging of international, intercultural and inter-religious dialogue and cooperation. European Union  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   See also: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union–Turkey_relations) (European Union–Turkey relations) European Union–Turkey relations  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jan_Peter_Balkenende,_Dutch_Prime_Minister_and_President_in_office_of_the_Council,_Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan,_Turkish_Prime_Minister,_and_Abdullah_Gül,_Turkish_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs.jpg)   Erdoğan with President in office of the EU Council and Dutch Prime Minister (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan_Peter_Balkenende) (Jan Peter Balkenende) Balkenende and Turkish FM (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_Gül) (Abdullah Gül) Gül in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brussels) (Brussels) Brussels , Belgium (2004)  When Erdoğan came to power, he continued Turkey's long ambition of joining the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union) (European Union) European Union . Turkey, under Erdoğan, made many strides in its laws that would qualify for EU membership.[ 134]    On 3 October 2005 negotiations began for (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey's_accession_to_the_European_Union) (Turkey's accession to the European Union) Turkey's accession to the European Union .[ 135]    [ 136]    Erdoğan was named "The European of the Year 2004" by the newspaper (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Voice) (European Voice) European Voice for the reforms in his country in order to accomplish the accession of Turkey to the European Union. He said in a comment that "Turkey's accession shows that Europe is a continent where civilisations reconcile and not clash."[ 137]    On 3 October 2005, the negotiations for Turkey's accession to the EU formally started during Erdoğan's tenure as Prime Minister.[ 135]     The (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Commission) (European Commission) European Commission generally supports Erdoğan's reforms, but it remains critical of his policies. Negotiations about a possible (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EU) (EU) EU membership came to a standstill in 2009 and 2010, when Turkish ports were closed to Cypriot ships. The Turkish government continues its refusal to recognize (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EU_member_state) (EU member state) EU member state (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus) (Cyprus) Cyprus .  Greece and Cyprus dispute  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   See also: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece–Turkey_relations) (Greece–Turkey relations) Greece–Turkey relations  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan_and_George_Papandreou,_Erzurum_January_2011_08.jpg)   Erdoğan with (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Greece) (Prime Minister of Greece) Greek Prime Minister (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Papandreou) (George Papandreou) George Papandreou   Relations between Greece and Turkey were normalized during Erdoğan's tenure as prime minister. In May 2004, Erdoğan became the first Turkish Prime Minister to visit Greece since 1988, and the first to visit the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turks_of_Western_Thrace) (Turks of Western Thrace) Turkish minority of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thrace) (Thrace) Thrace since 1952. In 2007, Erdoğan and Greek Prime Minister (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostas_Karamanlis) (Kostas Karamanlis) Kostas Karamanlis inaugurated the Greek-Turkish natural gas pipeline giving Caspian gas its first direct Western outlet.[ 138]    Turkey and Greece signed an agreement to create a Combined Joint Operational Unit within the framework of NATO to participate in Peace Support Operations.[ 139]    Erdoğan and his party strongly supported the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Cypriot_Annan_Plan_referendum) (2004 Cypriot Annan Plan referendum) EU-backed referendum to reunify Cyprus in 2004.[ 140]    Negotiations about a possible EU membership came to a standstill in 2009 and 2010, when Turkish ports were closed to Cypriot ships as a consequence of the economic isolation of the internationally unrecognized (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus) (Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus) Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus and the failure of the EU to end the isolation, as it had promised in 2004.[ 141]    The Turkish government continues its refusal to recognize the Republic of Cyprus.[ 142]      Armenia  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   See also: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenia–Turkey_relations) (Armenia–Turkey relations) Armenia–Turkey relations  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenia) (Armenia) Armenia is Turkey's only neighbour which Erdoğan has not visited during his premiership. The Turkish-Armenian border has been closed since 1993 because of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict) (Nagorno-Karabakh conflict) Nagorno-Karabakh conflict with Turkey's close ally (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijan) (Azerbaijan) Azerbaijan . Diplomatic efforts resulted in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenia–Turkey_relations) (Armenia–Turkey relations) signing of protocols between Turkish and Armenian Foreign Ministers in Switzerland to improve relations between the two countries. One of the points of the agreement was the creation of a joint commission on the issue. The (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Armenia) (Constitutional Court of Armenia) Armenian Constitutional Court decided that the commission contradicts the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_constitution) (Armenian constitution) Armenian constitution . Turkey responded saying that Armenian court's ruling on the protocols is not acceptable, resulting in a suspension of the rectification process by the Turkish side.[ 143]     Erdoğan has said that Armenian President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serzh_Sargsyan) (Serzh Sargsyan) Serzh Sargsyan should apologize for calling on school children to re-occupy eastern Turkey. When asked by a student at a literature contest ceremony if Armenians will be able to get back their "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_Armenia) (Western Armenia) western territories " along with Mt. Ararat, Sarksyan said, "This is the task of your generation".[ 144]      Russia  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   See also: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia–Turkey_relations) (Russia–Turkey relations) Russia–Turkey relations  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:High-Level_Russian-Turkish_Cooperation_Council.PNG)   High-Level Russian-Turkish Cooperation Council with Prime Minister Erdoğan and President Putin  In December 2004, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Russia) (President of Russia) President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putin) (Putin) Putin visited Turkey, making it the first presidential visit in the history of Turkish-Russian relations besides that of the Chairman of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Soviet_of_the_USSR) (Supreme Soviet of the USSR) Supreme Soviet of the USSR , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai_Podgorny) (Nikolai Podgorny) Nikolai Podgorny in 1972. In November 2005, Putin attended the inauguration of a jointly constructed (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Stream) (Blue Stream) Blue Stream natural gas pipeline in Turkey. This sequence of top-level visits has brought several important bilateral issues to the forefront. The two countries consider it their strategic goal to achieve "multidimensional co-operation", especially in the fields of energy, transport and the military. Specifically, Russia aims to invest in Turkey's fuel and energy industries, and it also expects to participate in tenders for the modernization of Turkey's military.[ 145]    The relations during this time are described by President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev) (Dmitry Medvedev) Medvedev as "Turkey is one of our most important partners with respect to regional and international issues. We can confidently say that Russian-Turkish relations have advanced to the level of a multidimensional strategic partnership".[ 146]     In May 2010, Turkey and Russia signed 17 agreements to enhance cooperation in energy and other fields, including pacts to build Turkey's first nuclear power plant and further plans for an oil pipeline from the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Sea) (Black Sea) Black Sea to the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea) (Mediterranean Sea) Mediterranean Sea . The leaders of both countries also signed an agreement on visa-free travel, enabling tourists to get into the other country for free and stay there for up to 30 days.(./Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements)  (./Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_November_2020)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed) (Wikipedia:Citation needed) (This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2020)) citation needed   ]    United States  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   See also: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey–United_States_relations) (Turkey–United States relations) Turkey–United States relations  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Erdogan_and_Obama_at_the_West_Colonnade,_Dec_7,_2009.jpg)   Erdoğan and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama) (Barack Obama) Barack Obama in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House) (White House) White House , 7 December 2009  When (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama) (Barack Obama) Barack Obama became (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_United_States) (President of United States) President of United States , he made (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama) (List of international presidential trips made by Barack Obama) his first overseas bilateral meeting to Turkey in April 2009. At a joint news conference in Turkey, Obama said: "I'm trying to make a statement about the importance of Turkey, not just to the United States but to the world. I think that where there's the most promise of building stronger (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US-Turkish_relations) (US-Turkish relations) US-Turkish relations is in the recognition that Turkey and the United States can build a model partnership in which a predominantly (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity) (Christianity) Christian nation, a predominantly (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim) (Muslim) Muslim nation – a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_world) (Western world) Western nation and a nation that straddles two continents," he continued, "that we can create a modern international community that is respectful, that is secure, that is prosperous, that there are not tensions – inevitable tensions between cultures – which I think is extraordinarily important."[ 147]      Iraq  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   See also: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq–Turkey_relations) (Iraq–Turkey relations) Iraq–Turkey relations  Turkey under Erdoğan was named by the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_George_W._Bush) (Presidency of George W. Bush) Bush Administration as a part of the "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalition_of_the_willing) (Coalition of the willing) coalition of the willing " that was central to the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003_invasion_of_Iraq) (2003 invasion of Iraq) 2003 invasion of Iraq .[ 148]    On 1 March 2003, a motion allowing Turkish military to participate in the U.S.-led coalition's invasion of Iraq, along with the permission for foreign troops to be stationed in Turkey for this purpose, was overruled by the Turkish Parliament.[ 149]     After the fall of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddam_Hussein) (Saddam Hussein) Saddam Hussein , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq) (Iraq) Iraq and Turkey signed 48 trade agreements on issues including security, energy, and water. The Turkish government attempted to mend relations with (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraqi_Kurdistan) (Iraqi Kurdistan) Iraqi Kurdistan by opening a Turkish university in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erbil) (Erbil) Erbil , and a Turkish consulate in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosul) (Mosul) Mosul .[ 150]    Erdoğan's government fostered economic and political relations with (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irbil) (Irbil) Irbil , and Turkey began to consider the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdistan_Regional_Government) (Kurdistan Regional Government) Kurdistan Regional Government in northern Iraq as an ally against Maliki's government.[ 151]      Israel  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   See also: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel–Turkey_relations) (Israel–Turkey relations) Israel–Turkey relations  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:WORLD_ECONOMIC_FORUM_ANNUAL_MEETING_2009_-_Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan.jpg)   Erdoğan walks out of the session at the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Economic_Forum) (World Economic Forum) World Economic Forum in 2009, vows never to return.  Erdoğan visited Israel on 1 May 2005, a gesture unusual for a leader of a Muslim majority country.[ 152]    During his trip, Erdoğan visited the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yad_Vashem) (Yad Vashem) Yad Vashem , Israel's official memorial to the victims of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holocaust) (Holocaust) Holocaust .[ 152]    The (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Israel) (President of Israel) President of Israel (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shimon_Peres) (Shimon Peres) Shimon Peres addressed the Turkish parliament during a visit in 2007, the first time an Israeli leader had addressed the legislature of a predominantly Muslim nation.[ 153]     Their relationship worsened at the 2009 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Economic_Forum) (World Economic Forum) World Economic Forum conference over Israel's actions during the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_War_(2008–09)) (Gaza War (2008–09)) Gaza War .[ 154]    Erdoğan was interrupted by the moderator while he was responding to Peres. Erdoğan stated: "Mister Peres, you are older than I am. Maybe you are feeling guilty and that is why you are raising your voice. When it comes to killing you know it too well. I remember how you killed the children on beaches..." Upon the moderator's reminder that they needed to adjourn for dinner, Erdoğan left the panel, accusing the moderator of giving Peres more time than all the other panelists combined.[ 155]     Tensions increased further following the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Gaza_flotilla_raid) (2010 Gaza flotilla raid) Gaza flotilla raid in May 2010. Erdoğan strongly condemned the raid, describing it as "state terrorism", and demanded an Israeli apology.[ 156]    In February 2013, Erdoğan called (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zionism) (Zionism) Zionism a "crime against humanity", comparing it to Islamophobia, antisemitism, and fascism.[ 157]    He later retracted the statement, saying he had been misinterpreted. He said "everyone should know" that his comments were directed at "Israeli policies", especially as regards "Gaza and the settlements".[ 158]    [ 159]    Erdoğan's statements were criticized by (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UN_Secretary-General) (UN Secretary-General) UN Secretary-General (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ban_Ki-moon) (Ban Ki-moon) Ban Ki-moon , among others.[ 160]    [ 161]    In August 2013, the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hürriyet) (Hürriyet) Hürriyet  reported that Erdoğan had claimed to have evidence of Israel's responsibility for the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_Egyptian_coup_d'état) (2013 Egyptian coup d'état) removal of Morsi from office in Egypt .[ 162]    The Israeli and Egyptian governments dismissed the suggestion.[ 163]     In response to the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Gaza_War) (2014 Gaza War) 2014 Gaza War , Erdoğan accused Israel of conducting "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_terrorism) (State terrorism) state terrorism " and a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_genocide_accusation) (Palestinian genocide accusation) "genocide attempt" against the Palestinians .[ 164]    He also stated that "If Israel continues with this attitude, it will definitely be tried at international courts."[ 165]      Syria  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   See also: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria–Turkey_relations) (Syria–Turkey relations) Syria–Turkey relations  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Merkel,_Putin,_Erdoğan_and_Macron_during_the_joint_press_release.jpg)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angela_Merkel) (Angela Merkel) Angela Merkel , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin) Vladimir Putin , Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron) (Emmanuel Macron) Emmanuel Macron giving a press conference as part of Syria summit in Istanbul, Turkey  During Erdoğan's term of office, diplomatic relations between Turkey and Syria significantly deteriorated. In 2004, President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad) (Bashar al-Assad) Bashar al-Assad arrived in Turkey for the first official visit by a Syrian President in 57 years. In late 2004, Erdoğan signed a free trade agreement with Syria. Visa restrictions between the two countries were lifted in 2009, which caused an economic boom in the regions near the Syrian border.[ 166]    However, in 2011 the relationship between the two countries was strained following the outbreak of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_Civil_War) (Syrian Civil War) conflict in Syria . Recep Tayyip Erdoğan said he was trying to "cultivate a favorable relationship with whatever government would take the place of Assad".[ 167]    However, he began to support the opposition in Syria, after demonstrations turned violent, creating a serious Syrian refugee problem in Turkey.[ 168]    Erdoğan's policy of providing military training for anti-Damascus fighters has also created conflict with Syria's ally and a neighbour of Turkey, Iran.[ 169]    Today, Turkey is the main backer of the transitional Syrian administration led by (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed_al-Sharaa) (Ahmed al-Sharaa) Ahmed Al-Sharaa .[ 170]      Saudi Arabia  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   See also: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia–Turkey_relations) (Saudi Arabia–Turkey relations) Saudi Arabia–Turkey relations  In August 2006, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_of_Saudi_Arabia) (Abdullah of Saudi Arabia) King Abdullah bin Abdulaziz as-Saud made a visit to Turkey. This was the first visit by a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia) (Saudi Arabia) Saudi monarch to Turkey in the last four decades. The monarch made a second visit, on 9 November 2007. Turk-Saudi trade volume has exceeded US$ 3.2 billion in 2006, almost double the figure achieved in 2003. In 2009, this amount reached US$ 5.5 billion and the goal for the year 2010 was US$ 10 billion.[ 171]     Erdoğan condemned the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi-led_intervention_in_Bahrain) (Saudi-led intervention in Bahrain) Saudi-led intervention in Bahrain and characterized the Saudi movement as "a new (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Karbala) (Battle of Karbala) Karbala ". He demanded withdrawal of Saudi forces from (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahrain) (Bahrain) Bahrain .[ 172]      Egypt  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   See also: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt–Turkey_relations) (Egypt–Turkey relations) Egypt–Turkey relations  Erdoğan had made his first official visit to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt) (Egypt) Egypt on 12 September 2011, accompanied by six ministers and 200 businessmen.[ 173]    This visit was made very soon after Turkey had ejected Israeli ambassadors, cutting off all diplomatic relations with Israel because Israel refused to apologize for the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Gaza_flotilla_raid) (2010 Gaza flotilla raid) 2010 Gaza flotilla raid which killed eight Turkish and one Turco-American.[ 173]     Erdoğan's visit to Egypt was met with much enthusiasm by (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt) (Egypt) Egyptians . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNN) (CNN) CNN reported some Egyptians saying "We consider him as the Islamic leader in the Middle East", while others were appreciative of his role in supporting Gaza.[ 173]    Erdoğan was later honoured in Tahrir Square by members of the Egyptian Revolution Youth Union, and members of the Turkish embassy were presented with a coat of arms in acknowledgment of the Prime Minister's support of the Egyptian Revolution.[ 174]     Erdoğan stated in a 2011 interview that he supported secularism for Egypt, which generated an angry reaction among Islamic movements, especially the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_and_Justice_Party_(Egypt)) (Freedom and Justice Party (Egypt)) Freedom and Justice Party , which was the political wing of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim_Brotherhood_in_Egypt) (Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt) Muslim Brotherhood .[ 174]    However, commentators suggest that by forming an alliance with the military junta during Egypt's transition to democracy, Erdoğan may have tipped the balance in favour of an authoritarian government.[ 174]     Erdoğan condemned the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabaa_massacre) (Rabaa massacre) sit-in dispersals conducted by Egyptian police on 14 August 2013 at the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabaa_Al-Adawiya_Mosque) (Rabaa Al-Adawiya Mosque) Rabaa al-Adawiya and al-Nahda squares, where violent clashes between police officers and pro-Morsi Islamist protesters led to hundreds of deaths, mostly protesters.[ 175]    In July 2014, one year after the removal of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed_Morsi) (Mohamed Morsi) Mohamed Morsi from office, Erdoğan described Egyptian President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdel_Fattah_el-Sisi) (Abdel Fattah el-Sisi) Abdel Fattah el-Sisi as an "illegitimate tyrant".[ 176]      Somalia  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   See also: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somalia–Turkey_relations) (Somalia–Turkey relations) Somalia–Turkey relations  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2015_01_25_Turkish_President_Visit_to_Somalia-1_(16176887607).jpg)   Erdoğan and Somalia President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_Sheikh_Mohamud) (Hassan Sheikh Mohamud) Hassan Sheikh Mohamud opening the new terminal of Aden Abdulle International Airport in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mogadishu) (Mogadishu) Mogadishu , Somalia  Erdoğan's administration maintains strong ties with the Somali government. During the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_East_Africa_drought) (2011 East Africa drought) drought of 2011 , Erdoğan's government contributed over $201 million to humanitarian relief efforts in the impacted parts of Somalia.[ 177]    Following a greatly improved security situation in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mogadishu) (Mogadishu) Mogadishu in mid-2011, the Turkish government also re-opened its foreign embassy with the intention of more effectively assisting in the post-conflict development process.[ 178]    It was among the first foreign governments to resume formal diplomatic relations with Somalia after the civil war.[ 179]     In May 2010, the Turkish and Somali governments signed a military training agreement, in keeping with the provisions outlined in the Djibouti Peace Process.[ 180]    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_Airlines) (Turkish Airlines) Turkish Airlines became the first long-distance international commercial airline in two decades to resume flights to and from Mogadishu's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aden_Adde_International_Airport) (Aden Adde International Airport) Aden Adde International Airport .[ 179]    Turkey also launched various development and infrastructure projects in Somalia including building several hospitals and helping renovate the National Assembly building.[ 179]       Protests  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gezi_Park_protests) (Gezi Park protests) Gezi Park protests  The 2013 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gezi_Park_protests) (Gezi Park protests) Gezi Park protests were held against the perceived (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authoritarianism) (Authoritarianism) authoritarianism of Erdoğan and his policies, starting from a small sit-in in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul) (Istanbul) Istanbul in defence of a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taksim_Gezi_Park) (Taksim Gezi Park) city park .[ 181]    After the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Directorate_of_Security_(Turkey)) (General Directorate of Security (Turkey)) police 's intense reaction with (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tear_gas) (Tear gas) tear gas , the protests grew each day. Faced by the largest mass protest in a decade, Erdoğan made this controversial remark in a televised speech: "The police were there yesterday, they are there today, and they will be there tomorrow". After weeks of clashes in the streets of Istanbul, his government at first apologized to the protestors[ 182]    and called for a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plebiscite) (Plebiscite) plebiscite , but then ordered a crackdown on the protesters.[ 181]    [ 183]       Presidency  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan) (Presidency of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan) Presidency of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan  Erdoğan took the oath of office on 28 August 2014 and became the 12th (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Turkey) (President of Turkey) president of Turkey .[ 184]    He administered the new Prime Minister (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Davutoğlu) (Ahmet Davutoğlu) Ahmet Davutoğlu 's oath on 29 August. When asked about his lower-than-expected 51.79% share of the vote, he allegedly responded, "there were even those who did not like the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad) (Muhammad) Prophet . I, however, won 52%".[ 185]    Assuming the role of President, Erdoğan was criticized for openly stating that he would not maintain the tradition of presidential neutrality.[ 186]    Erdoğan has also stated his intention to pursue a more active role as president, such as utilizing the President's rarely used cabinet-calling powers.[ 187]    The political opposition has argued that Erdoğan will continue to pursue his own political agenda, controlling the government, while his new Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoğlu would be docile and submissive.[ 188]    Furthermore, the domination of loyal Erdoğan supporters in Davutoğlu's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_Davutoğlu) (Cabinet Davutoğlu) cabinet fuelled speculation that Erdoğan intended to exercise substantial control over the government.[ 189]     Presidential elections  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main articles: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Turkish_presidential_election) (2014 Turkish presidential election) 2014 Turkish presidential election , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Turkish_presidential_election) (2018 Turkish presidential election) 2018 Turkish presidential election , and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Turkish_presidential_election) (2023 Turkish presidential election) 2023 Turkish presidential election  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Turkey_2018_elections,_ballots_2.jpg)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Turkish_presidential_election) (2018 Turkish presidential election) 2018 presidential election ballot paper for (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diyarbakır_Province) (Diyarbakır Province) Diyarbakır Province   On 1 July 2014, Erdoğan was named the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)) (Justice and Development Party (Turkey)) AKP 's presidential candidate in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Turkish_presidential_election) (2014 Turkish presidential election) Turkish presidential election . His candidacy was announced by the Deputy President of the AKP, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Ali_Şahin) (Mehmet Ali Şahin) Mehmet Ali Şahin . Erdoğan made a speech after the announcement and used the 'Erdoğan logo' for the first time. The logo was criticized because it was very similar to the logo that U.S. President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama) (Barack Obama) Barack Obama used in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election) (2008 United States presidential election) 2008 presidential election .[ 190]     Erdoğan was elected as the President of Turkey in the first round of the election with 51.79% of the vote, obviating the need for a run-off by winning over 50%. The joint candidate of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_People's_Party) (Republican People's Party) CHP , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationalist_Movement_Party) (Nationalist Movement Party) MHP and 13 other opposition parties, former (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisation_of_Islamic_Co-operation) (Organisation of Islamic Co-operation) Organisation of Islamic Co-operation general secretary (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekmeleddin_İhsanoğlu) (Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu) Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu won 38.44% of the vote. The pro-Kurdish (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peoples'_Democratic_Party_(Turkey)) (Peoples' Democratic Party (Turkey)) HDP candidate (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selahattin_Demirtaş) (Selahattin Demirtaş) Selahattin Demirtaş won 9.76%.[ 191]     The (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Turkish_presidential_election) (2018 Turkish presidential election) 2018 Turkish presidential election took place as part of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Turkish_general_election) (2018 Turkish general election) 2018 general election , alongside (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Turkish_parliamentary_election) (2018 Turkish parliamentary election) parliamentary elections on the same day. Following the approval of constitutional changes in a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Turkish_constitutional_referendum) (2017 Turkish constitutional referendum) referendum held in 2017, the elected (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Turkey) (President of Turkey) President will be both the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_of_state) (Head of state) head of state and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_of_government) (Head of government) head of government of Turkey, taking over the latter role from the to-be-abolished office of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Turkey) (Prime Minister of Turkey) Prime Minister .[ 192]     Erdoğan declared his candidacy for the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People's_Alliance_(Turkey)) (People's Alliance (Turkey)) People's Alliance (Turkish: Cumhur İttifakı ) on 27 April 2018, with support from the MHP.[ 193]    His main opposition, the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_People's_Party) (Republican People's Party) Republican People's Party , nominated (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muharrem_İnce) (Muharrem İnce) Muharrem İnce , a member of parliament known for his combative opposition and spirited speeches against Erdoğan.[ 194]    In addition to these candidates, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meral_Akşener) (Meral Akşener) Meral Akşener , the founder and leader of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Good_Party) (Good Party) Good Party , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temel_Karamollaoğlu) (Temel Karamollaoğlu) Temel Karamollaoğlu , the leader of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felicity_Party) (Felicity Party) Felicity Party , and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doğu_Perinçek) (Doğu Perinçek) Doğu Perinçek , the leader of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patriotic_Party_(Turkey)) (Patriotic Party (Turkey)) Patriotic Party , also announced their candidacies and gathered the 100,000 signatures required for nomination. Erdoğan won the election with 52.59% of the popular vote.[ 195]     In the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Turkish_presidential_election) (2023 Turkish presidential election) 2023 presidential election , Erdoğan's candidacy was contested due to his campaign launch in June 2022,[ 196]    with the opposition arguing that a third term would violate the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Turkey) (Constitution of Turkey) constitution .[ 197]    In the first round of voting, Erdoğan failed to secure the required 50% threshold, leading to a runoff election against the runner-up, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemal_Kılıçdaroğlu) (Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu) Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu .[ 198]    Erdoğan ultimately won the second round on 28 May 2023, receiving 52.18% of the vote. On 8 March 2024, he declared that he would retire once his presidential term ended in 2028.[ 199]      Referendum  In April 2017, a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Turkish_constitutional_referendum) (2017 Turkish constitutional referendum) constitutional referendum was held, where the voters in Turkey (and Turkish citizens abroad) approved a set of 18 proposed amendments to the Constitution of Turkey.[ 200]    The amendments included the replacement of the existing (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliamentary_system) (Parliamentary system) parliamentary system with a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_system) (Presidential system) presidential system . The post of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Turkey) (Prime Minister of Turkey) Prime Minister would be abolished, and the presidency would become an (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_president) (Executive president) executive post vested with broad executive powers. The parliament seats would be increased from 550 to 600 and the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_of_candidacy) (Age of candidacy) age of candidacy to the parliament was lowered from 25 to 18. The referendum also called for changes to the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Board_of_Judges_and_Prosecutors) (Supreme Board of Judges and Prosecutors) Supreme Board of Judges and Prosecutors .[ 201]     Local elections  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Turkish_local_elections) (2019 Turkish local elections) 2019 Turkish local elections  In the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Turkish_local_elections) (2019 Turkish local elections) 2019 local elections , the ruling party AKP lost control of Istanbul and Ankara for the first time in 25 years, as well as 5 of Turkey's 6 largest cities. The loss has been widely attributed to Erdoğan's mismanagement of the Turkish economic crisis, rising authoritarianism as well as the alleged government inaction on the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refugees_of_the_Syrian_Civil_War_in_Turkey) (Refugees of the Syrian Civil War in Turkey) Syrian refugee crisis .[ 202]    Soon after the elections, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Electoral_Council_of_Turkey) (Supreme Electoral Council of Turkey) Supreme Electoral Council of Turkey ordered a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_2019_Istanbul_mayoral_election) (June 2019 Istanbul mayoral election) re-election in Istanbul , cancelling (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekrem_İmamoğlu) (Ekrem İmamoğlu) Ekrem İmamoğlu 's mayoral certificate. The decision led to a significant decrease of Erdoğan's and AKP's popularity and his party lost the elections again in June with a greater margin.[ 203]    [ 204]    [ 205]    [ 206]    The result was seen as a huge blow to Erdoğan, who had once said that if his party 'lost Istanbul, we would lose Turkey. The opposition's victory was characterised as 'the beginning of the end' for Erdoğan',[ 207]    [ 208]    [ 209]    with international commentators calling the re-run a huge government miscalculation that led to a potential İmamoğlu candidacy in the next scheduled (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Turkish_general_election) (2023 Turkish general election) presidential election .[ 207]    [ 209]    It is suspected that the scale of the government's defeat could provoke a cabinet reshuffle and early general elections, currently scheduled for June 2023.[ 210]    [ 211]     The New Zealand and Australian governments and opposition (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_People's_Party) (Republican People's Party) CHP party have criticized Erdoğan after he repeatedly showed video taken by the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christchurch_mosque_shooter) (Christchurch mosque shooter) Christchurch mosque shooter to his supporters at campaign rallies for (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Turkish_local_elections) (2019 Turkish local elections) 31 March local elections and said Australians and New Zealanders who came to Turkey with anti-Muslim sentiments "would be sent back in coffins like their grandfathers" at (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallipoli_Campaign) (Gallipoli Campaign) Gallipoli .[ 212]    [ 213]       Domestic policy  Presidential palace  Erdoğan has also received criticism for the construction of a new official residence called the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_Complex_(Turkey)) (Presidential Complex (Turkey)) Presidential Complex , which takes up approximately 50 acres of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atatürk_Forest_Farm_and_Zoo) (Atatürk Forest Farm and Zoo) Atatürk Forest Farm (AOÇ) in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ankara) (Ankara) Ankara .[ 214]    [ 215]    Since the AOÇ is protected land, several court orders were issued to halt the construction of the new palace, though building work went on nonetheless.[ 216]    The opposition described the move as a clear disregard for the rule of law.[ 217]    The project was subject to heavy criticism and allegations were made; of corruption during the construction process, wildlife destruction and the complete obliteration of the zoo in the AOÇ in order to make way for the new compound.[ 218]    The fact that the palace is technically illegal has led to it being branded as the 'Kaç-Ak Saray', the word kaçak in Turkish meaning 'illegal'.[ 219]     Ak Saray was originally designed as a new office for the Prime Minister. However, upon assuming the presidency, Erdoğan announced that the palace would become the new Presidential Palace, while the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Çankaya_Mansion) (Çankaya Mansion) Çankaya Mansion will be used by the Prime Minister instead. The move was seen as a historic change since the Çankaya Mansion had been used as the iconic office of the presidency ever since its inception. The (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_Complex) (Presidential Complex) Presidential Complex has almost 1,000 rooms and cost $350 million (€270 million), leading to strong criticism at a time when mining accidents and workers' rights had been dominating the agenda.[ 220]    [ 221]     On 29 October 2014, Erdoğan was due to hold a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_Day_(Turkey)) (Republic Day (Turkey)) Republic Day reception in the new palace to commemorate the 91st anniversary of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Turkey) (Republic of Turkey) Republic of Turkey and to officially inaugurate the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_Palace) (Presidential Palace) Presidential Palace . However, after most invited participants announced that they would boycott the event and a mining accident occurred in the district of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ermenek) (Ermenek) Ermenek in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karaman) (Karaman) Karaman , the reception was cancelled.[ 222]      The media  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Turkish_journalists_protesting_imprisonment_of_their_colleagues_in_2016.jpg)   Turkish journalists protesting imprisonment of their colleagues on (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Day) (Human Rights Day) Human Rights Day , 10 December 2016  President Erdoğan and his government continue to press for court action against the remaining free press in Turkey. The latest newspaper that has been seized is (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaman_(newspaper)) (Zaman (newspaper)) Zaman  , in March 2016.[ 223]    After the seizure (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morton_Abramowitz) (Morton Abramowitz) Morton Abramowitz and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Edelman) (Eric Edelman) Eric Edelman , former U.S. ambassadors to Turkey, condemned President Erdoğan's actions in an opinion piece published by (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post) (The Washington Post) The Washington Post  : "Clearly, democracy cannot flourish under Erdoğan now".[ 224]    "The overall pace of reforms in Turkey has not only slowed down but in some key areas, such as freedom of expression and the independence of the judiciary, there has been a regression, which is particularly worrying", rapporteur (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kati_Piri) (Kati Piri) Kati Piri said in April 2016 after (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_European_Parliament) (The European Parliament) the European Parliament passed its annual progress report on Turkey.[ 225]     On 22 June 2016, President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan said that he considered himself successful in "destroying" Turkish civil groups "working against the state",[ 226]    a conclusion that had been confirmed some days earlier by (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedat_Laçiner) (Sedat Laçiner) Sedat Laçiner , Professor of International Relations and rector of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Çanakkale_Onsekiz_Mart_University) (Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University) Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University : "Outlawing unarmed and peaceful opposition, sentencing people to unfair punishment under erroneous terror accusations, will feed genuine terrorism in Erdoğan's Turkey. Guns and violence will become the sole alternative for legally expressing free thought".[ 227]     After the coup attempt, over 200 journalists were arrested and over 120 media outlets were closed. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumhuriyet) (Cumhuriyet) Cumhuriyet  journalists were detained in November 2016 after a long-standing crackdown on the newspaper. Subsequently, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reporters_Without_Borders) (Reporters Without Borders) Reporters Without Borders called Erdoğan an "enemy of press freedom" and said that he "hides his aggressive dictatorship under a veneer of democracy".[ 228]     In 2014, Turkey temporarily blocked access to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter) (Twitter) Twitter .[ 229]    In April 2017, Turkey (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_of_Wikipedia_in_Turkey) (Block of Wikipedia in Turkey) blocked all access to Wikipedia over a content dispute.[ 230]    The Turkish government lifted a two-and-a-half-year ban on Wikipedia on 15 January 2020, restoring access to the online encyclopedia a month after (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitutional_Court_of_Turkey) (Constitutional Court of Turkey) Turkey's top court ruled that blocking Wikipedia was unconstitutional. On 1 July 2020, in a statement made to his party members, Erdoğan announced that the government would introduce new measures and regulations to control or shut down social media platforms such as (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube) (YouTube) YouTube , Twitter and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netflix) (Netflix) Netflix . Through these new measures, each company would be required to appoint an official representative in the country to respond to legal concerns. The decision came after a number of Twitter users insulted his daughter (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esra_Erdoğan) (Esra Erdoğan) Esra after she gave birth to her fourth child.[ 231]      State of emergency and purges  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purges_in_Turkey_following_the_2016_Turkish_coup_attempt) (Purges in Turkey following the 2016 Turkish coup attempt) Purges in Turkey following the 2016 Turkish coup attempt  On 20 July 2016, President Erdoğan declared the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_emergency) (State of emergency) state of emergency , citing the coup d'état attempt as justification.[ 232]    It was first scheduled to last three months. The Turkish parliament approved this measure.[ 233]    The state of emergency was later continuously extended until 2018[ 234]    [ 235]    amidst the ongoing (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purges_in_Turkey_following_the_2016_Turkish_coup_attempt) (Purges in Turkey following the 2016 Turkish coup attempt) purges in Turkey following the 2016 Turkish coup attempt including (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey's_media_purge_after_the_failed_July_2016_coup_d'état) (Turkey's media purge after the failed July 2016 coup d'état) comprehensive purges of independent media and detention of tens of thousands of Turkish citizens politically opposed to Erdoğan.[ 236]    More than 50,000 people have been arrested and over 160,000 fired from their jobs by March 2018.[ 237]    [ 234]     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Can_Dündar_&_Erdem_Gül.jpg)   Turkish journalists (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Can_Dündar) (Can Dündar) Can Dündar and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erdem_Gül) (Erdem Gül) Erdem Gül were arrested for leaking classified information about (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war) (Turkish involvement in the Syrian civil war) Turkish support to Islamist fighters in Syria .  In August 2016, Erdoğan began rounding up journalists who had been publishing, or who were about to publish articles questioning corruption within the Erdoğan administration, and incarcerating them.[ 238]    The number of Turkish journalists jailed by Turkey is higher than any other country, including all of those journalists currently jailed in North Korea, Cuba, Russia, and China combined.[ 239]    In the wake of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Turkish_coup_attempt) (2016 Turkish coup attempt) coup attempt of July 2016 the Erdoğan administration began rounding up tens of thousands of individuals, both from within the government, and from the public sector, and incarcerating them on charges of alleged "terrorism".[ 240]    [ 241]    [ 242]    As a result of these arrests, many in the international community complained about the lack of proper judicial process in the incarceration of Erdoğan's opposition.[ 243]      In April 2017 Erdoğan successfully sponsored legislation effectively making it illegal for the Turkish legislative branch to investigate his executive branch of government.[ 244]    Without the checks and balances of freedom of speech, and the freedom of the Turkish legislature to hold him accountable for his actions, many have likened Turkey's current form of government to a dictatorship with only nominal forms of democracy in practice.[ 245]    [ 246]    At the time of Erdoğan's successful passing of the most recent legislation silencing his opposition, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_President) (United States President) United States President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump) (Donald Trump) Donald Trump called Erdoğan to congratulate him for his "recent referendum victory".[ 247]     On 29 April 2017 Erdoğan's administration began an internal (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_block) (Internet block) Internet block of all of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia) (Wikipedia) Wikipedia online encyclopedia site via Turkey's domestic Internet filtering system. This blocking action took place after the government had first made a request for Wikipedia to remove what it referred to as "offensive content". In response, Wikipedia co-founder (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy_Wales) (Jimmy Wales) Jimmy Wales replied via a post on (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter) (Twitter) Twitter stating, "Access to information is a fundamental human right. Turkish people, I will always stand with you and fight for this right."[ 248]    [ 249]     In January 2016, more (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academics_for_Peace) (Academics for Peace) than a thousand academics signed a petition criticizing Turkey's military crackdown on ethnic Kurdish towns and neighborhoods in the east of the country, such as Sur (a district of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diyarbakır) (Diyarbakır) Diyarbakır ), (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silvan,_Diyarbakır) (Silvan, Diyarbakır) Silvan , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nusaybin) (Nusaybin) Nusaybin , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cizre) (Cizre) Cizre and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silopi) (Silopi) Silopi , and asking an end to violence.[ 250]    Erdoğan accused those who signed the petition of "terrorist propaganda", calling them "the darkest of people". He called for action by institutions and universities, stating, "Everyone who benefits from this state but is now an enemy of the state must be punished without further delay".[ 251]    Within days, over 30 of the signatories were arrested, many in dawn-time raids on their homes. Although all were quickly released, nearly half were fired from their jobs, eliciting a denunciation from Turkey's Science Academy for such "wrong and disturbing" treatment.[ 252]    Erdoğan vowed that the academics would pay the price for "falling into a pit of treachery".[ 253]     On 8 July 2018, Erdoğan sacked 18,000 officials for alleged ties to US based cleric (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fethullah_Gülen) (Fethullah Gülen) Fethullah Gülen , shortly before renewing his term as an (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Turkey) (President of Turkey) executive president . Of those removed, 9000 were police officers with 5000 from the armed forces with the addition of hundreds of academics.[ 254]      Economic policy  Under his presidency, Erdoğan has decreased the independence of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Bank_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey) (Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey) Central Bank and pushed it to pursue a highly unorthodox monetary policy, decreasing interest rates even with high inflation.[ 255]    He has pushed the theory that inflation is caused by high interest rates, an idea universally rejected by economists.[ 255]    [ 256]    This, along with other factors such as excessive (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_account_(balance_of_payments)) (Current account (balance of payments)) current account deficit and foreign-currency debt,[ 257]    in combination with Erdoğan's increasing (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authoritarianism) (Authoritarianism) authoritarianism , caused an (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_economic_crisis_(2018–current)) (Turkish economic crisis (2018–current)) economic crisis starting from 2018 , leading to large depreciation of the Turkish lira and very high inflation.[ 258]    [ 259]    [ 260]    [ 261]    Economist (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Krugman) (Paul Krugman) Paul Krugman described the unfolding crisis as "a classic currency-and-debt crisis, of a kind we've seen many times", adding: "At such a time, the quality of leadership suddenly matters a great deal. You need officials who understand what's happening, can devise a response and have enough credibility that markets give them the benefit of the doubt. Some emerging markets have those things, and they are riding out the turmoil fairly well. The Erdoğan regime has none of that".[ 262]       Foreign policy  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   See also: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan) (List of international presidential trips made by Recep Tayyip Erdoğan) List of international presidential trips made by Recep Tayyip Erdoğan  Europe  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   See also: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union–Turkey_relations) (European Union–Turkey relations) European Union–Turkey relations  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:List_of_International_presidential_trips_made_by_Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan.svg)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan) (List of international presidential trips made by Recep Tayyip Erdoğan) Foreign trips made by Recep Tayyip Erdoğan as President (since 2014). Darker blue indicates more visits; Turkey is shaded in red.  In February 2016, Erdoğan threatened to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015_European_migrant_crisis) (2015 European migrant crisis) send the millions of refugees in Turkey to EU member states,[ 263]    saying: "We can open the doors to Greece and Bulgaria anytime and we can put the refugees on buses ... So how will you deal with refugees if you don't get a deal?"[ 264]     In an interview to the news magazine (German-language text) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Spiegel) (Der Spiegel) Der Spiegel   (./Category:Articles_containing_German-language_text)  , German (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Ministry_of_Defence_(Germany)) (Federal Ministry of Defence (Germany)) minister of defence (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ursula_von_der_Leyen) (Ursula von der Leyen) Ursula von der Leyen said on 11 March 2016 that the refugee crisis had made good cooperation between EU and Turkey an "existentially important" issue. "Therefore it is right to advance now negotiations on Turkey's EU accession".[ 265]     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Meeting_between_the_leaders_of_Russia,_Turkey,_Germany_and_France.jpg)   Working dinner between the leaders of Turkey, Germany, France and Russia in Istanbul  In its resolution "The functioning of democratic institutions in Turkey" from 22 June 2016, the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliamentary_Assembly_of_the_Council_of_Europe) (Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe) Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe warned that "recent developments in Turkey pertaining to freedom of the media and of expression, erosion of the rule of law and the human rights violations in relation to anti-terrorism security operations in south-east Turkey have ... raised serious questions about the functioning of its democratic institutions".[ 266]    [ 267]     In January 2017, Erdoğan said that the withdrawal of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_invasion_of_Cyprus) (Turkish invasion of Cyprus) Turkish troops from (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Cyprus) (Northern Cyprus) Northern Cyprus is "out of the question" and Turkey will be in Cyprus "forever".[ 268]     In September 2020, Erdoğan declared his government's support for (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijan) (Azerbaijan) Azerbaijan following (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War) (Second Nagorno-Karabakh War) a major conflict between Armenian and Azeri forces over a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disputed_region) (Disputed region) disputed region of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh) (Nagorno-Karabakh) Nagorno-Karabakh .[ 269]    He dismissed demands for a ceasefire.[ 270]    In 2022, Erdoğan and Russian President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin) Vladimir Putin planned for (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey) (Turkey) Turkey to become an energy hub for all of Europe through the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TurkStream) (TurkStream) TurkStream and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Stream) (Blue Stream) Blue Stream gas pipelines.[ 271]    [ 272]    In October 2023 Erdoğan cancelled attendance at the third (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Political_Community) (European Political Community) European Political Community (EPC) meeting.[ 273]    [ 274]     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Putin_meets_Erdogan_(2024-06-03)_(1).jpg)   Erdoğan and Russian President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin) Vladimir Putin on 3 July 2024  Finnish and Swedish NATO accession  In May 2022, Erdoğan voiced his opposition to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland) (Finland) Finland and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden) (Sweden) Sweden joining (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO) (NATO) NATO , accusing the two countries of tolerating groups which Turkey classifies as terrorist organizations,[ 275]    including the Kurdish militant groups (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PKK) (PKK) PKK , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Union_Party_(Syria)) (Democratic Union Party (Syria)) PYD and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YPG) (YPG) YPG and the supporters of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fethullah_Gülen) (Fethullah Gülen) Fethullah Gülen .[ 276]    Following a protest in Sweden where a Quran was burned, Erdogan re-iterated that he would not support Sweden's bid to join NATO.[ 277]    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Finland) (President of Finland) President of Finland (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sauli_Niinistö) (Sauli Niinistö) Sauli Niinistö visited Erdogan in Istanbul and Ankara in March 2023. During the visit, Erdogan confirmed that he supported Finnish NATO membership and declared that the Turkish parliament would confirm Finnish membership before the Turkish Presidential elections in May 2023.[ 278]    On 23 March 2023, the Turkish parliament's foreign relations committee confirmed the Finnish NATO membership application and sent the process to the Turkish Parliament's plenary session.[ 279]    On 1 April 2023, Erdoğan confirmed and signed the Turkish Grand National Assembly's ratification of Finnish NATO membership.[ 280]    This decision sealed (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland–NATO_relations) (Finland–NATO relations) Finland's entry to NATO . In June 2023, Erdoğan again voiced his opposition to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden–NATO_relations) (Sweden–NATO relations) Sweden joining NATO .[ 281]    Just prior to the NATO summit in Vilnius in July 2023, Erdoğan linked Sweden's accession to NATO membership to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accession_of_Turkey_to_the_European_Union) (Accession of Turkey to the European Union) Turkey's application for EU membership . Turkey had applied for EU membership in 1999, but talks made little progress since 2016.[ 282]    [ 283]    In September 2023, Erdoğan announced that the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union) (European Union) European Union was well into a rupture in its (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union–Turkey_relations) (European Union–Turkey relations) relations with Turkey and that they would part ways during Turkey's European Union membership process.[ 284]    However, on 23 October 2023, Erdoğan approved Sweden's pending NATO membership bid and sent the accession protocol to the Turkish Parliament for ratification.[ 285]    Two days later, Turkey's parliamentary speaker, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numan_Kurtulmuş) (Numan Kurtulmuş) Numan Kurtulmuş , sent a bill approving Sweden's NATO membership bid to parliament's foreign affairs committee.[ 286]    The committee discussed the ratification on 16 November 2023, but a decision was deferred,[ 287]    with a request for Sweden to produce a written roadmap to implement its anti-terrorism commitments.[ 288]    [ 289]    On 26 December 2023, the Turkish parliament's foreign relations committee confirmed the Swedish NATO membership application and sent the process to the Turkish Parliament's plenary session.[ 290]    On 25 January 2024, Erdoğan formally signed and approved the Turkish parliament's decision to ratify Swedish NATO membership.[ 291]     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NATO_Summit,_Vilnius.P061598-880399.jpg)   Erdoğan and President of the European Commission (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ursula_von_der_Leyen) (Ursula von der Leyen) Ursula von der Leyen on 12 July 2023    Greece  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   See also: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece–Turkey_relations) (Greece–Turkey relations) Greece–Turkey relations  There is a long-standing (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aegean_dispute) (Aegean dispute) dispute between Turkey and Greece in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aegean_Sea) (Aegean Sea) Aegean Sea . Erdoğan warned that Greece will pay a "heavy price" if Turkey's gas exploration vessel – in what Turkey said are disputed waters – is attacked.[ 292]    He deemed the readmission of Greece into the military alliance NATO a mistake, claiming they were collaborating with terrorists.[ 293]     Diaspora  In March 2017, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan stated to the Turks in Europe, "Make not three, but five children. Because you are the future of Europe. That will be the best response to the injustices against you." This has been interpreted as an imperialist call for demographic warfare.[ 294]     According to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Economist) (The Economist) The Economist  , Erdoğan is the first Turkish leader to take the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_diaspora) (Turkish diaspora) Turkish diaspora seriously, which has created friction within these diaspora communities and between the Turkish government and several of its European counterparts.[ 295]       The Balkans  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Meeting_between_leaders_in_Istanbul,_Turkey.jpg)   Meeting between leaders of Turkey, Albania, Azerbaijan, Bulgaria and Serbia in Istanbul, 10 July 2017  In February 2018, President Erdoğan expressed Turkish support of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Macedonia) (Republic of Macedonia) Republic of Macedonia 's position during negotiations over the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macedonia_naming_dispute) (Macedonia naming dispute) Macedonia naming dispute saying that Greece's position is wrong.[ 296]     In March 2018, President Erdoğan criticized the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosovo) (Kosovo) Kosovan Prime Minister (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramush_Haradinaj) (Ramush Haradinaj) Ramush Haradinaj for dismissing his Interior Minister and Intelligence Chief for failing to inform him of an unauthorized and illegal secret operation conducted by the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Intelligence_Organization_(Turkey)) (National Intelligence Organization (Turkey)) National Intelligence Organization of Turkey on Kosovo's territory that led to the arrest of six people allegedly associated with the Gülen movement.[ 297]    [ 298]     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ilham_Aliyev_attended_North_Atlantic_Council_meeting_on_NATO_Resolute_Support_Mission_in_Afghanistan_4.jpg)   Erdoğan with Azerbaijani President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilham_Aliyev) (Ilham Aliyev) Ilham Aliyev (middle) and Bosnian Presidency Chairman (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakir_Izetbegović) (Bakir Izetbegović) Bakir Izetbegović , 12 July 2018  On 26 November 2019, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Albania_earthquake) (2019 Albania earthquake) an earthquake struck the Durrës region of Albania. President Erdoğan expressed his condolences.[ 299]    and citing close (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albanian-Turkish_relations) (Albanian-Turkish relations) Albanian-Turkish relations , he committed Turkey to reconstructing 500 earthquake destroyed homes and other civic structures in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laç) (Laç) Laç , Albania.[ 300]    [ 301]    [ 302]    In Istanbul, Erdoğan organised and attended a donors conference (8 December) to assist Albania that included Turkish businessmen, investors and Albanian Prime Minister (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edi_Rama) (Edi Rama) Edi Rama .[ 303]      Azerbaijan  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   See also: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijan–Turkey_relations) (Azerbaijan–Turkey relations) Azerbaijan–Turkey relations  In September 2023, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijan) (Azerbaijan) Azerbaijan launched a large-scale (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Azerbaijani_offensive_in_Nagorno-Karabakh) (2023 Azerbaijani offensive in Nagorno-Karabakh) military offensive to recapture the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight_of_Nagorno-Karabakh_Armenians) (Flight of Nagorno-Karabakh Armenians) Armenian -populated (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh) (Nagorno-Karabakh) Nagorno-Karabakh . Addressing the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly) (United Nations General Assembly) United Nations General Assembly , Erdoğan stated "As everyone now acknowledges, Karabakh is Azerbaijani territory. Imposition of another status [to the region] will never be accepted," and that "[Turkey] support[s] the steps taken by Azerbaijan—with whom we act together with the motto of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijan–Turkey_relations) (Azerbaijan–Turkey relations) one nation, two states —to defend its territorial integrity."[ 304]    Erdoğan also met with Azerbaijan's President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilham_Aliyev) (Ilham Aliyev) Ilham Aliyev in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nakhchivan_Autonomous_Republic) (Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic) Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic .[ 305]      United Kingdom  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   See also: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey–United_Kingdom_relations) (Turkey–United Kingdom relations) Turkey–United Kingdom relations  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Prime_Minister_Keir_Starmer_attends_NATO_Summit_(53850724928).jpg)   Erdoğan and British Prime Minister (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keir_Starmer) (Keir Starmer) Keir Starmer at the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Washington_summit) (2024 Washington summit) 2024 NATO Summit in Washington, D.C.  In May 2018, British Prime Minister (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theresa_May) (Theresa May) Theresa May welcomed Erdoğan to the United Kingdom for a three-day state visit. Erdoğan declared that the United Kingdom is "an ally and a strategic partner, but also a real friend. The cooperation we have is well beyond any mechanism that we have established with other partners."[ 306]      Israel  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   See also: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel–Turkey_relations) (Israel–Turkey relations) Israel–Turkey relations  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Isaac_Herzog_state_visit_to_Turkey,_March_2022_(GPOHA1_0866).jpg)   Erdoğan during a state visit of Israeli President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Herzog) (Isaac Herzog) Isaac Herzog to Turkey, 9 March 2022  Relations between Turkey and Israel began to normalize after Israeli Prime Minister (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netanyahu) (Netanyahu) Netanyahu officially apologized for the killing of the nine Turkish activists during the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Gaza_flotilla_raid) (2010 Gaza flotilla raid) 2010 Gaza flotilla raid .[ 307]    However, in response to the 2014 Gaza War, Erdoğan accused Israel of being "more barbaric than Hitler",[ 308]    and conducting "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_terrorism) (State terrorism) state terrorism " and a "genocide attempt" against the Palestinians.[ 309]     In December 2017, President Erdoğan issued a warning to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump) (Donald Trump) Donald Trump , after the U.S. President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_recognition_of_Jerusalem_as_capital_of_Israel) (United States recognition of Jerusalem as capital of Israel) acknowledged (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem) (Jerusalem) Jerusalem as Israel's capital.[ 310]    Erdoğan stated, "Jerusalem is a red line for Muslims", indicating that naming Jerusalem as Israel's capital would alienate Palestinians and other Muslims from the city, undermining hopes at a future capital of a Palestinian State.[ 311]    Erdoğan called Israel a "terrorist state".[ 312]    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naftali_Bennett) (Naftali Bennett) Naftali Bennett dismissed the threats, claiming "Erdoğan does not miss an opportunity to attack Israel".[ 311]     In April 2019, Erdoğan said the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bank) (West Bank) West Bank belongs to Palestinians, after Israeli Prime Minister (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu) (Benjamin Netanyahu) Benjamin Netanyahu said he would annex (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_settlement) (Israeli settlement) Israeli settlements in the occupied (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_territories) (Palestinian territories) Palestinian territories if he is re-elected.[ 313]     Erdoğan condemned the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel–United_Arab_Emirates_normalization_agreement) (Israel–United Arab Emirates normalization agreement) Israel–UAE peace agreement , stating that Turkey was considering suspending or cutting off (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey–United_Arab_Emirates_relations) (Turkey–United Arab Emirates relations) diplomatic relations with the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates) (United Arab Emirates) United Arab Emirates in retaliation.[ 314]     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Family_photo_of_the_2025_Sharm_El-Sheikh_Peace_Summit_(Daniel_Torok).jpg)   Erdoğan at the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Gaza_peace_summit) (2025 Gaza peace summit) Gaza peace summit in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharm_El_Sheikh) (Sharm El Sheikh) Sharm El Sheikh , Egypt, 13 October 2025  The relations shifted back to normality since 2021, when the two countries started improving relations.[ 315]    In March 2022, Israeli president (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Herzog) (Isaac Herzog) Isaac Herzog visited Turkey, meeting Erdoğan.[ 316]    The two countries agreed to restore diplomatic relations in August 2022.[ 317]     Erdoğan condemned the Israeli attacks in the Gaza strip during the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_war) (Gaza war) Gaza war , saying they are a violation of human rights, which led to accusations of hypocrisy as Turkey itself severely bombed (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdish–Turkish_conflict_(1978–present)) (Kurdish–Turkish conflict (1978–present)) Kurdish areas at the same time, including many civilian targets.[ 318]    Erdoğan said that Israel's bombing and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli_blockade_of_the_Gaza_Strip_(2023–present)) (Israeli blockade of the Gaza Strip (2023–present)) blockade of the Gaza Strip in retaliation for Hamas's attack was a disproportionate response amounting to a "massacre".[ 319]    On 25 October 2023, Erdoğan said that (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamas) (Hamas) Hamas was not a terrorist organisation but a liberation group fighting to protect Palestinian lands and people.[ 320]    On 15 November 2023, he condemned Israel as a "terrorist state" and accused it of committing (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestinian_genocide_accusation) (Palestinian genocide accusation) genocide against the Palestinians .[ 321]    In July 2024, Erdoğan threatened to intervene militarily against Israel.[ 322]     In June 2025, Erdoğan condemned (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_2025_Israeli_strikes_on_Iran) (June 2025 Israeli strikes on Iran) Israeli strikes on Iran as "state terrorism".[ 323]      Syrian Civil War  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   See also: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war) (Turkish involvement in the Syrian civil war) Turkish involvement in the Syrian civil war and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey–Islamic_State_conflict) (Turkey–Islamic State conflict) Turkey–Islamic State conflict  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:President_Barack_Obama_meeting_with_President_of_Turkey_Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan.jpg)   Erdoğan meeting US President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama) (Barack Obama) Barack Obama during the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Wales_summit) (2014 Wales summit) 2014 Wales summit in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newport,_Wales) (Newport, Wales) Newport , Wales  Diplomatic relations between Turkey and Syria significantly deteriorated due to the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_civil_war) (Syrian civil war) Syrian civil war . Initially, while tens of thousand of Syrian refugees already crossed the border to Turkey, Turkish officials tried to convince Syrian President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad) (Bashar al-Assad) Bashar al-Assad to make significant reforms to alleviate the conflict and calm down the protests.[ 324]    The last of such meetings happened on 9 August 2011, during a seven-hour meeting between Assad and Turkey's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Davutoğlu) (Ahmet Davutoğlu) Ahmet Davutoğlu , giving the latter the title of 'the last European leader who visited Assad'.[ 325]     Turkey got involved in a violent conflict with (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_State) (Islamic State) Islamic State (IS) as part of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spillover_of_the_Syrian_civil_war) (Spillover of the Syrian civil war) spillover of the Syrian civil war . IS executed a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey–Islamic_State_conflict) (Turkey–Islamic State conflict) series of attacks against Turkish soldiers and civilians . In an ISIS-video, where two Turkish soldiers were burned alive, Turkish President Erdoğan was verbally attacked by ISIS and threatened with the destruction of Turkey.[ 326]    Turkey joined the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_military_intervention_against_the_Islamic_State) (International military intervention against the Islamic State) international military intervention against the Islamic State in 2015. The (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_Armed_Forces) (Turkish Armed Forces) Turkish Armed Forces ' (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Euphrates_Shield) (Operation Euphrates Shield) Operation Euphrates Shield was aimed at IS, and areas around (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jarabulus) (Jarabulus) Jarabulus and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Bab) (Al-Bab) al-Bab were conquered from IS.[ 327]    In January 2018, the Turkish military and its allies (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_National_Army) (Syrian National Army) Syrian National Army and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sham_Legion) (Sham Legion) Sham Legion began (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Olive_Branch) (Operation Olive Branch) Operation Olive Branch in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrin_District) (Afrin District) Afrin in Northern Syria, against the Kurdish armed group YPG.[ 328]    [ 329]    In October 2019, the United States gave the go-ahead to the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Turkish_offensive_into_north-eastern_Syria) (2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria) 2019 Turkish offensive into north-eastern Syria , despite recently agreeing to a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Syria_Buffer_Zone) (Northern Syria Buffer Zone) Northern Syria Buffer Zone . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war) (US intervention in the Syrian civil war) US troops in northern Syria were withdrawn from the border to avoid interference with the Turkish operation.[ 330]    After the U.S. pullout, Turkey proceeded to attack the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomous_Administration_of_North_and_East_Syria) (Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria) Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria .[ 331]    Rejecting criticism of the invasion, Erdoğan claimed that (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO) (NATO) NATO and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union) (European Union) European Union countries "sided with terrorists, and all of them attacked us".[ 332]    Erdoğan then filed a criminal complaint against French magazine (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Point) (Le Point) Le Point  after it accused him of conducting (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing) (Ethnic cleansing) ethnic cleansing in the area.[ 333]    [ 334]    With Erdogan's control of the media fanning local nationalism,[ 335]    a poll by Metropoll Research found that 79% of Turkish respondents expressed support for the operation.[ 336]      China  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   See also: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China–Turkey_relations) (China–Turkey relations) China–Turkey relations  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Shanghai_Cooperation_Organization_member_states_Summit_gets_underway_in_Samarkand_02.jpg)   Erdoğan, Chinese President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi_Jinping) (Xi Jinping) Xi Jinping and other leaders at the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation) (Shanghai Cooperation Organisation) Shanghai Cooperation Organisation summit on 16 September 2022  Bilateral trade between Turkey and China increased from $1 billion a year in 2002 to $27 billion annually in 2017.[ 337]    Erdoğan has stated that Turkey might consider joining the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation) (Shanghai Cooperation Organisation) Shanghai Cooperation Organisation instead of the European Union.[ 338]     In 2009, Erdoğan accused China of "genocide" against the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uyghurs) (Uyghurs) Uyghurs in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xinjiang) (Xinjiang) Xinjiang .[ 339]    In 2019, the Turkish Foreign Ministry issued a statement condemning what it described as China's "reintroduction of concentration camps in the 21st century" and "a great cause of shame for humanity".[ 340]    [ 341]    Later that year, while visiting China, Erdoğan said that there were those who "exploited" the Uyghur issue to strain relations between China and Turkey.[ 342]    Since then the Turkish government has largely toned down its criticisms of China's treatment of Uyghurs, and cracked down on Uyghur activists at China's behest, and has expanded deportations of Uyghurs to China.[ 343]    [ 344]    [ 345]      Japan  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Further information: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan–Turkey_relations) (Japan–Turkey relations) Japan–Turkey relations  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:20181201summit04.jpg)   Erdoğan meeting with Japanese Prime Minister (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shinzo_Abe) (Shinzo Abe) Shinzo Abe (2018)   Qatar blockade  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   See also: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qatar_diplomatic_crisis) (Qatar diplomatic crisis) Qatar diplomatic crisis  In June 2017 during a speech, Erdoğan called the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isolation_of_Qatar) (Isolation of Qatar) isolation of Qatar as "inhumane and against Islamic values" and that "victimising Qatar through smear campaigns serves no purpose".[ 346]      Myanmar  In September 2017, Erdoğan condemned the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_Muslims_in_Myanmar) (Persecution of Muslims in Myanmar) persecution of Muslims in Myanmar and accused (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myanmar) (Myanmar) Myanmar of "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rohingya_genocide) (Rohingya genocide) genocide " against the Muslim minority.[ 347]      United States  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   See also: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey–United_States_relations) (Turkey–United States relations) Turkey–United States relations  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:President_Trump_and_the_First_Lady_Visit_with_the_President_of_Turkey_and_Mrs._Emine_Erdogan_(49064640996).jpg)   Erdoğan and US President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump) (Donald Trump) Donald Trump at the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House) (White House) White House in November 2019  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Meeting_between_US_President_Biden_and_Turkish_President_Erdogan_together_with_foreign_ministers_Blinken_and_Cavusoglu_at_G20_in_Rome.jpg)   Erdoğan in a meeting with US President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden) (Joe Biden) Joe Biden , Turkish Foreign Minister Çavusoğlu and US Secretary of State Blinken, October 2021  Over time, Turkey began to look for ways to buy its own missile defence system and also to use that procurement to build up its own capacity to manufacture and sell an air and missile defence system. Turkey got serious about acquiring a missile defence system early in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Barack_Obama) (Presidency of Barack Obama) first Obama administration when it opened a competition between the Raytheon Patriot PAC 2 system and systems from Europe, Russia, and even China.[ 348]     Taking advantage of the new low in US-Turkish relations, Putin saw his chance to use an (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-400) (S-400) S-400 sale to Turkey, so in July 2017, he offered the air defence system to Turkey. In the months that followed, the United States warned Turkey that a S-400 purchase jeopardized Turkey's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_F-35_Lightning_II_procurement) (Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II procurement) F-35 purchase . Integration of the Russian system into the NATO air defence net was also out of the question. Administration officials, including (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Esper) (Mark Esper) Mark Esper , warned that Turkey had to choose between the S-400 and the F-35, that they could not have both. The S-400 deliveries to Turkey began on 12 July. On 16 July, Trump mentioned to reporters that withholding the F-35 from Turkey was unfair. Said the president, "So what happens is we have a situation where Turkey is very good with us, very good, and we are now telling Turkey that because you have really been forced to buy another missile system, we're not going to sell you the F-35 fighter jets".[ 349]     The U.S. Congress made clear on a bipartisan basis that it expected the president to sanction Turkey for buying Russian equipment.[ 350]    Out of the F-35, Turkey considered buying Russian (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifth-generation_jet_fighter) (Fifth-generation jet fighter) fifth-generation jet fighter (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Su-57) (Su-57) Su-57 . On 1 August 2018, the U.S. Department of Treasury sanctioned two senior (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_Erdoğan_IV) (Cabinet Erdoğan IV) Turkish government ministers who were involved in the detention of American pastor (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Brunson) (Andrew Brunson) Andrew Brunson .[ 351]    Erdoğan said that U.S. behaviour would force Turkey to look for new friends and allies.[ 352]    The (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey–United_States_relations) (Turkey–United States relations) U.S.–Turkey tensions appeared to be the most serious diplomatic crisis between the NATO allies in years.[ 353]    [ 354]     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:P20240614AS-1003.jpg)   Erdoğan and Biden at the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/50th_G7_summit) (50th G7 summit) 50th G7 summit in Italy, 14 June 2024  Trump's former national security adviser (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Bolton) (John Bolton) John Bolton claimed that President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump) (Donald Trump) Donald Trump told Erdoğan he would 'take care' of the investigation against Turkey's state-owned bank (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halkbank) (Halkbank) Halkbank , accused of bank fraud charges and laundering up to $20 billion on behalf of Iranian entities.[ 355]    Turkey criticized (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Room_Where_It_Happened) (The Room Where It Happened) Bolton's book , saying it included misleading accounts of conversations between Trump and Erdoğan.[ 356]     In August 2020, the former vice president and presidential candidate (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden) (Joe Biden) Joe Biden called for a new U.S. approach to the "autocrat" President Erdoğan and support for Turkish opposition parties.[ 357]    [ 358]    In September 2020, Biden demanded that Erdoğan "stay out" of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War) (Second Nagorno-Karabakh War) Second Nagorno-Karabakh War between (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijan) (Azerbaijan) Azerbaijan and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenia) (Armenia) Armenia , in which Turkey supported the Azeris.[ 359]     Meanwhile, Erdoğan wants to realize the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zangezur_corridor) (Zangezur corridor) Zangezur corridor land route in the southern Caucasus,[ 360]    a geopolitical corridor from Europe through Central Asia, all the way to China.[ 361]      Venezuela  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   See also: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey–Venezuela_relations) (Turkey–Venezuela relations) Turkey–Venezuela relations  Relations with Venezuela were strengthened with recent developments and high level mutual visits. The first official visit between the two countries at presidential level was in October 2017 when Venezuelan President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolás_Maduro) (Nicolás Maduro) Nicolás Maduro visited Turkey. In December 2018, Erdoğan visited Venezuela for the first time and expressed his will to build strong relations with Venezuela and expressed hope that high-level visits "will increasingly continue".[ 362]     Reuters reported that in 2018 23 tons of mined gold were taken from Venezuela to Istanbul.[ 363]    In the first nine months of 2018, Venezuela's gold exports to Turkey rose from zero in the previous year to US$900 million.[ 364]     During the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezuelan_presidential_crisis) (Venezuelan presidential crisis) Venezuelan presidential crisis , Erdoğan voiced solidarity with (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezuela) (Venezuela) Venezuela 's President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolás_Maduro) (Nicolás Maduro) Nicolás Maduro and criticized U.S. sanctions against Venezuela, saying that "political problems cannot be resolved by punishing an entire nation."[ 365]    [ 366]     Following the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Venezuelan_uprising_attempt) (2019 Venezuelan uprising attempt) 2019 Venezuelan uprising attempt , Erdoğan condemned the actions of lawmaker (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan_Guaidó) (Juan Guaidó) Juan Guaidó , tweeting "Those who are in an effort to appoint a postmodern colonial governor to Venezuela, where the President was appointed by elections and where the people rule, should know that only democratic elections can determine how a country is governed".[ 367]    [ 368]      Ukraine and Russian invasion of Ukraine  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Signing_Ceremony_of_the_Black_Sea_Grain_Initiative_in_Istanbul.png)   Signing of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Sea_Grain_Initiative) (Black Sea Grain Initiative) grain export deal between Turkey, Ukraine, Russia and the UN in Istanbul, 2022  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Володимир_Зеленський_у_Львові_зустрівся_з_президентом_Туреччини_та_генеральним_секретарем_ООН_58.jpg)   Erdoğan with Ukrainian President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volodymyr_Zelenskyy) (Volodymyr Zelenskyy) Volodymyr Zelenskyy and UN Secretary-General (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/António_Guterres) (António Guterres) António Guterres in Lviv, Ukraine, on 18 August 2022  In 2016, Erdoğan told his (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine) (Ukraine) Ukrainian counterpart (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petro_Poroshenko) (Petro Poroshenko) Petro Poroshenko that Turkey would not recognize the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation) (Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation) annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation ; calling it "Crimea's occupation".[ 369]     During the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) (Russian invasion of Ukraine) Russian invasion of Ukraine , Erdoğan functioned as a mediator and peace broker.[ 370]    [ 371]    On 10 March 2022, Turkey hosted a trilateral meeting with Ukraine and Russia on the margins of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antalya_Diplomacy_Forum) (Antalya Diplomacy Forum) Antalya Diplomacy Forum , making it the first high-level talks since the invasion.[ 372]    Following the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_negotiations_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine#Renewal_of_peace_talks:_29–30_March_2022) (Peace negotiations in the Russian invasion of Ukraine) peace talks in Istanbul on 29 March 2022, Russia decided to leave areas around (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyiv) (Kyiv) Kyiv and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chernihiv) (Chernihiv) Chernihiv .[ 373]    On 22 July 2022, together with (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations) (United Nations) United Nations , Turkey (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Sea_Grain_Initiative) (Black Sea Grain Initiative) brokered a deal between Russia and Ukraine about clearing the way for the export of grain from Ukrainian ports, following the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_food_crises) (2022 food crises) 2022 food crises .[ 374]    [ 375]    On 21 September 2022, a record-high of 215 Ukrainian soldiers, including fighters who led the defence of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azovstal_Iron_and_Steel_Works) (Azovstal Iron and Steel Works) Azovstal Iron and Steel Works in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Mariupol) (Siege of Mariupol) Mariupol , had been released in a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prisoner_exchange) (Prisoner exchange) prisoner exchange with Russia after mediation by Turkish President Erdoğan.[ 376]    As part of the agreement, the freed captives stay in Turkey until the war is over.[ 377]     While Turkey has closed the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosphorus) (Bosphorus) Bosphorus to Russian naval reinforcements, enforced United Nations sanctions[ 378]    and supplied Ukraine with military equipment such as (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayraktar_TB2) (Bayraktar TB2) Bayraktar TB2 drones and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMC_Kirpi) (BMC Kirpi) BMC Kirpi vehicles, it didn't participate in certain sanctions like closing the Turkish airspace for Russian civilians and continued the dialogue with Russian President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin) Vladimir Putin .[ 379]    Erdoğan reiterated his stance on Crimea in 2022 saying that (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_law) (International law) international law requires that Russia must return Crimea to Ukraine.[ 380]     On 18 February 2025, Erdoğan stated that Turkey would be the "ideal host for (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_negotiations_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) (Peace negotiations in the Russian invasion of Ukraine) possible talks between Russia, Ukraine and the USA ," arguing that Turkey is seen as a "reliable mediator" by both Russia and Ukraine.[ 381]       Events   Coup d'état attempt  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Turkish_coup_attempt) (2016 Turkish coup attempt) 2016 Turkish coup attempt  On 15 July 2016, a coup d'état was attempted by the military, with aims to remove Erdoğan from government. By the next day, Erdoğan's government managed to reassert effective control in the country.[ 382]    Reportedly, no government official was arrested or harmed, which, among other factors, raised the suspicion of a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_flag) (False flag) false flag event staged by the government itself.[ 383]    [ 384]     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:160801-D-PB383-016_US-General_Joseph_F._Dunford_Jr._tours_parts_of_the_Turkish_Grand_National_Assembly_that_were_destroyed_during_the_failed_July_15_coup_in_Ankara.JPG)   The (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_National_Assembly_of_Turkey) (Grand National Assembly of Turkey) Turkish parliament was bombed by jets during the failed coup of 2016.  Erdoğan, as well as other government officials, has blamed an exiled cleric, and a former ally of Erdoğan, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fethullah_Gülen) (Fethullah Gülen) Fethullah Gülen , for staging the coup attempt.[ 385]    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Süleyman_Soylu) (Süleyman Soylu) Süleyman Soylu , Minister of Labor in Erdoğan's government, accused the US of planning a coup to oust Erdoğan.[ 386]     Erdoğan, as well as other high-ranking Turkish government officials, has issued repeated demands to the US to extradite Gülen.[ 387]    [ 388]     Following the coup attempt, there has been a significant deterioration in Turkey-US relations. European and other world leaders have expressed their concerns over the situation in Turkey, with many of them warning Erdoğan not to use the coup attempt as an excuse to crack down on his opponents.[ 389]     The rise of ISIS and the collapse of the Kurdish peace process had led to a sharp rise in terror incidents in Turkey until 2016. Erdoğan was accused by his critics of having a 'soft corner' for ISIS.[ 390]    However, after the attempted coup, Erdoğan ordered the Turkish military into Syria to combat ISIS and Kurdish militant groups.[ 391]    Erdoğan's critics have decried purges in the education system and judiciary as undermining the rule of law[ 392]    however Erdoğan supporters argue this is a necessary measure as Gulen-linked schools cheated on entrance exams, requiring a purge in the education system and of the Gulen followers who then entered the judiciary.[ 393]    [ 394]     Erdoğan's plan is "to reconstitute Turkey as a presidential system. The plan would create a centralized system that would enable him to better tackle Turkey's internal and external threats. One of the main hurdles allegedly standing in his way is Fethullah Gulen's movement ..."[ 395]    In the aftermath of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Turkish_coup_d'état_attempt) (2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt) 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt , a groundswell of national unity and consensus emerged for cracking down on the coup plotters with a National Unity rally held in Turkey that included Islamists, secularists, liberals and nationalists.[ 396]    [ 397]    Erdoğan has used this consensus to remove Gulen's followers from the bureaucracy, curtail their role in NGOs, Turkey's Ministry of Religious Affairs and the Turkish military, with 149 Generals discharged.[ 398]    In a foreign policy shift Erdoğan ordered the Turkish Armed Forces into battle in Syria and has liberated towns from IS control.[ 399]    As relations with Europe soured over in the aftermath of the attempted coup, Erdoğan developed alternative relationships with Russia,[ 400]    [ 401]    Saudi Arabia[ 402]    and a "strategic partnership" with (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan–Turkey_relations) (Pakistan–Turkey relations) Pakistan ,[ 403]    [ 404]    with plans to cultivate relations through free trade agreements and deepening military relations for mutual co-operation with Turkey's regional allies.[ 405]    [ 406]    [ 407]      2023 earthquake  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Turkey–Syria_earthquakes) (2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes) 2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes  On 6 February 2023, a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Turkey–Syria_earthquakes) (2023 Turkey–Syria earthquakes) catastrophic earthquake struck south-central Turkey and northwestern Syria,[ 408]    killing more than 50,000 people in Turkey during his administration.[ 409]    The high death toll was exacerbated by collapsed buildings, many constructed under lax regulations. Post-1999 earthquake reforms introduced stricter codes, but enforcement was weak. Erdoğan's government issued "amnesties" legalizing substandard buildings for fines, a policy he boasted about in 2019 speeches in Kahramanmaraş and Hatay, claiming to have "solved" housing issues for thousands.[ 410]    [ 411]     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disaster_and_Emergency_Management_Presidency) (Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency) Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency (AFAD), centralized under Erdoğan's control since a 2017 constitutional change, faced intense scrutiny for its slow and disorganized response. AFAD, led by a theologian with no prior disaster relief experience, was criticized for sidelining NGOs, military, and experienced rescue groups like (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AKUT) (AKUT) AKUT , requiring all efforts to be approved centrally.[ 412]    [ 413]        Ideology and public image  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330)   Part of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Conservatism_in_Turkey) (Category:Conservatism in Turkey) a series on  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservatism_in_Turkey) (Conservatism in Turkey) Conservatism in Turkey    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Ottoman_Empire_(1882–1922).svg)      Ideologies (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_democracy) (Conservative democracy) Democratic  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_conservatism) (Liberal conservatism) Liberal (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_liberalism) (Economic liberalism) Economic    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erdoğanism) (Erdoğanism) Erdoğanism  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idealism_(Turkey)) (Idealism (Turkey)) Idealism  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_conservatism) (National conservatism) National  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottomanism) (Ottomanism) Ottomanism (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-Ottomanism) (Neo-Ottomanism) Neo    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Özalism) (Özalism) Özalism  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right-wing_populism#Turkey) (Right-wing populism) Populist  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_conservatism) (Social conservatism) Social  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamism) (Islamism) Sunni Islamism       Principles (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-communism#Turkey) (Anti-communism) Anti-communism  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authority) (Authority) Authority  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centralisation) (Centralisation) Centralisation  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familialism) (Familialism) Familialism  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperialism) (Imperialism) Imperialism  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_nationalism) (Turkish nationalism) Nationalism  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-Turkism) (Pan-Turkism) Pan-Turkism  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patriotism) (Patriotism) Patriotism  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Turkey) (Culture of Turkey) Turkish culture       History (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire) (Ottoman Empire) Ottoman Empire  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premiership_of_Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan) (Premiership of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan) Erdoğan premiership  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan) (Presidency of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan) Erdoğan presidency       Literature (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Imam's_Army) (The Imam's Army) The Imam's Army  (2011)        People (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Hamid_II) (Abdul Hamid II) Abdülhamid II  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmed_Emin_Âli_Pasha) (Mehmed Emin Âli Pasha) Âli Pasha  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Süleyman_Demirel) (Süleyman Demirel) Demirel  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mothers_of_Diyarbakır) (Mothers of Diyarbakır) Diyarbakır  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatih_Erbakan) (Fatih Erbakan) Erbakan (Fatih)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necmettin_Erbakan) (Necmettin Erbakan) Erbakan (Necmettin)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan) Erdoğan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fethullah_Gülen) (Fethullah Gülen) Gülen  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uğur_Işılak) (Uğur Işılak) Işılak  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necip_Fazıl_Kısakürek) (Necip Fazıl Kısakürek) Kısakürek  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adnan_Menderes) (Adnan Menderes) Menderes  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turgut_Özal) (Turgut Özal) Özal       Parties Active  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democrat_Party_(Turkey,_2007)) (Democrat Party (Turkey, 2007)) Democrat Party (2007)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democracy_and_Progress_Party) (Democracy and Progress Party) Democracy and Progress Party  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felicity_Party) (Felicity Party) Felicity Party  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Cause_Party) (Free Cause Party) Free Cause Party  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Future_Party_(Turkey)) (Future Party (Turkey)) Future Party  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Good_Party) (Good Party) Good Party  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Unity_Party) (Great Unity Party) Great Unity Party  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homeland_Party_(Turkey)) (Homeland Party (Turkey)) Homeland Party  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)) (Justice and Development Party (Turkey)) Justice and Development Party  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key_Party_(Turkey)) (Key Party (Turkey)) Key Party  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motherland_Party_(Turkey,_2011)) (Motherland Party (Turkey, 2011)) Motherland Party (2011)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nation_Party_(Turkey,_1992)) (Nation Party (Turkey, 1992)) Nation Party  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Path_Party) (National Path Party) National Path Party  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationalist_Movement_Party) (Nationalist Movement Party) Nationalist Movement Party  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Turkey_Party_(current)) (New Turkey Party (current)) New Turkey Party (current)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Welfare_Party) (New Welfare Party) New Welfare Party  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Path_Party_(2007)) (True Path Party (2007)) True Path Party (2007)   Defunct  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democrat_Party_(Turkey,_1946–1960)) (Democrat Party (Turkey, 1946–1960)) Democrat Party (1946)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party_(Turkey,_1970)) (Democratic Party (Turkey, 1970)) Democratic Party  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justice_Party_(Turkey)) (Justice Party (Turkey)) Justice Party  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motherland_Party_(Turkey)) (Motherland Party (Turkey)) Motherland Party (1983)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Salvation_Party) (National Salvation Party) National Salvation Party  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Turkey_Party_(1961)) (New Turkey Party (1961)) New Turkey Party (1961)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Villagers_Nation_Party) (Republican Villagers Nation Party) Republican Villagers Nation Party  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Path_Party) (True Path Party) True Path Party (1983)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtue_Party) (Virtue Party) Virtue Party  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welfare_Party) (Welfare Party) Welfare Party       Alliances (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Path) (New Path) New Path  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People's_Alliance_(Turkey)) (People's Alliance (Turkey)) People's Alliance       Organisations (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intellectuals'_Hearth) (Intellectuals' Hearth) Intellectuals' Hearth  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_Industrialists_and_Businessmen_Association) (Independent Industrialists and Businessmen Association) MÜSİAD  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_Industry_and_Business_Association) (Turkish Industry and Business Association) TÜSİAD       Media (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciner_Media_Group) (Ciner Media Group) Ciner Media Group  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebilürreşad) (Sebilürreşad) Sebilürreşad   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaman_(newspaper)) (Zaman (newspaper)) Zaman       Related topics (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AK_Trolls) (AK Trolls) AK Trolls  Anti-national sentiments (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Afghan_sentiment#Turkey) (Anti-Afghan sentiment) Afghan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Armenian_sentiment_in_Turkey) (Anti-Armenian sentiment in Turkey) Armenian  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Greek_sentiment#Turkey) (Anti-Greek sentiment) Greek  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Turkey) (Antisemitism in Turkey) Jew  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Kurdish_sentiment#In_Turkey) (Anti-Kurdish sentiment) Kurdish    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_state_conspiracy_theory_in_Turkey) (Deep state conspiracy theory in Turkey) Deep state conspiracy theory  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_and_democracy) (Islam and democracy) Islam and democracy (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gülen_movement) (Gülen movement) Gülen movement         (flag)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Turkey) (Portal:Turkey) Turkey portal  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg) (icon)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Politics) (Portal:Politics) Politics portal     (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Conservatism_in_Turkey) (Template:Conservatism in Turkey) (View this template) v   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Conservatism_in_Turkey?action=edit&redlink=1) (Template talk:Conservatism in Turkey (page does not exist)) (Discuss this template) t   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Conservatism_in_Turkey) (Special:EditPage/Template:Conservatism in Turkey) (Edit this template) e         (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_image_of_Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan) (Public image of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan) Public image of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan  Early during his premiership, Erdoğan was praised as a role model for emerging Middle Eastern nations due to several reform packages initiated by his government which expanded religious freedoms and minority rights as part of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accession_of_Turkey_to_the_European_Union) (Accession of Turkey to the European Union) accession negotiations with the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union) (European Union) European Union .[ 414]    However, his government underwent several crises including the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sledgehammer_(coup_plan)) (Sledgehammer (coup plan)) Sledgehammer coup and the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergenekon_trials) (Ergenekon trials) Ergenekon trials , corruption scandals, accusations of media intimidation, as well as the pursuit of an increasingly polarizing political agenda; the opposition accused the government of inciting political hatred throughout the country.[ 415]    He has also been described as having "long championed Islamist causes".[ 416]      Erdoğanism  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erdoğanism) (Erdoğanism) Erdoğanism  The term Erdoğanism first emerged shortly after Erdoğan's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Turkish_general_election) (2011 Turkish general election) 2011 general election victory, where it was predominantly described as the AKP's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_economic) (Liberal economic) liberal economic and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_democracy) (Conservative democracy) conservative democratic ideals fused with Erdoğan's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demagoguery) (Demagoguery) demagoguery and cult of personality.[ 417]      Ottomanism  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   See also: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-Ottomanism) (Neo-Ottomanism) Neo-Ottomanism  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan_Mahmoud_Abbas.jpg)   Erdoğan meeting Palestinian president Abbas in Erdoğan's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_Compound_(Turkey)) (Presidential Compound (Turkey)) Presidential Palace   As President, Erdoğan has overseen a revival of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire) (Ottoman Empire) Ottoman tradition,[ 418]    [ 419]    [ 91]    greeting Palestinian president (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmoud_Abbas) (Mahmoud Abbas) Mahmoud Abbas with an Ottoman-style ceremony in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_Compound_(Turkey)) (Presidential Compound (Turkey)) new presidential palace , with (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_Guard_Regiment_(Turkey)) (Presidential Guard Regiment (Turkey)) guards dressed in costumes representing founders of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16_Great_Turkish_Empires) (16 Great Turkish Empires) 16 Great Turkish Empires in history.[ 420]    While Prime Minister of Turkey, Erdoğan's AKP made references to the Ottoman era during election campaigns, such as calling their supporters 'grandsons of Ottomans' (Osmanlı torunu). [ 421]    This proved controversial, since it was perceived to be an open attack against the republican nature of modern Turkey founded by (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atatürk) (Mustafa Kemal Atatürk) Mustafa Kemal Atatürk . In 2015, Erdoğan made a statement in which he endorsed the old Ottoman term külliye to refer to university campuses rather than the standard Turkish word kampüs .[ 422]     Many critics have thus accused Erdoğan of wanting to become an Ottoman (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan) (Sultan) sultan and abandon the secular and democratic credentials of the Republic.[ 423]    [ 424]    [ 425]    [ 426]    When pressed on this issue in January 2015, Erdoğan denied these claims and said that he would aim to be more like (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom) (Monarchy of the United Kingdom) Queen (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_II) (Elizabeth II) Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom rather than like an Ottoman sultan.[ 427]     In July 2020, after the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_State_(Turkey)) (Council of State (Turkey)) Council of State annulled the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_Turkey) (Cabinet of Turkey) Cabinet 's 1934 decision to establish the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hagia_Sophia) (Hagia Sophia) Hagia Sophia as museum and revoking the monument's status, Erdoğan ordered its reclassification as a mosque.[ 428]    [ 429]    The 1934 decree was ruled to be unlawful under both Ottoman and Turkish law as Hagia Sophia's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waqf) (Waqf) waqf  , endowed by (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan_Mehmed_II) (Sultan Mehmed II) Sultan Mehmed II , had designated the site a mosque; proponents of the decision argued the Hagia Sophia was the personal property of the sultan.[ 430]    This redesignation is controversial, invoking condemnation from the Turkish opposition, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO) (UNESCO) UNESCO , the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Council_of_Churches) (World Council of Churches) World Council of Churches , the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_See) (Holy See) Holy See , and many other international leaders.[ 431]    [ 432]    [ 433]    In August 2020, he also signed the order that transferred the administration of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chora_Church) (Chora Church) Chora Church to the Directorate of Religious Affairs to open it for worship as a mosque.[ 434]    Initially converted to a mosque by the Ottomans, the building had then been designated as a museum by the government since 1934.[ 435]    [ 418]     In August 2020, Erdoğan gave a speech saying that "in our civilization, conquest is not occupation or looting. It is establishing the dominance of the justice that Allah commanded in the region. First of all, our nation removed the oppression from the areas that it conquered. It established justice. This is why our civilization is one of conquest. Turkey will take what is its right in the Mediterranean Sea, in the Aegean Sea, and in the Black Sea."[ 436]    [ 418]    In October 2020, he made a statement before the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_National_Assembly_of_Turkey) (Grand National Assembly of Turkey) Grand National Assembly that "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerusalem) (Jerusalem) Jerusalem is ours", referring to the period of Ottoman rule over the city and the rebuilding of its (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_City_(Jerusalem)) (Old City (Jerusalem)) Old City by (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suleiman_the_Magnificent) (Suleiman the Magnificent) Suleiman the Magnificent .[ 437]     In October 2023 the first church built with government backing in Turkey's 100-year history as a post-Ottoman state was inaugurated.[ 438]    [ 439]    [ 440]      Authoritarianism  Erdoğan has been the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto) (De facto) de facto leader of Turkey since 2002.[ c]    [ 441]    [ 442]    [ 443]    In the more recent years of Erdoğan's rule, Turkey has experienced increasing (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authoritarianism) (Authoritarianism) authoritarianism , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_backsliding) (Democratic backsliding) democratic backsliding , and corruption,[ 444]    [ 445]    [ 446]    as well as (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expansionism) (Expansionism) expansionism , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Censorship) (Censorship) censorship , and banning of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_party) (Political party) parties or dissent.[ 447]    [ 448]    [ 449]    [ 450]    [ 451]    In response to criticism, Erdoğan made a speech in May 2014 denouncing allegations of dictatorship, saying that the leader of the opposition, Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu, who was there at the speech, would not be able to "roam the streets" freely if he were a dictator.[ 452]    Kılıçdaroğlu responded that political tensions would cease to exist if Erdoğan stopped making his polarizing speeches for three days.[ 453]    One observer said it was a measure of the state of Turkish democracy that Prime Minister (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Davutoğlu) (Ahmet Davutoğlu) Ahmet Davutoğlu could openly threaten, on 20 December 2015, that, if his party did not win the election, Turkish Kurds would endure a repeat of the era of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gendarmerie_Intelligence_Organization) (Gendarmerie Intelligence Organization) "white Toros" .[ 454]     In April 2014, the President of the Constitutional Court, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haşim_Kılıç) (Haşim Kılıç) Haşim Kılıç , accused Erdoğan of damaging the credibility of the judiciary, labelling Erdoğan's attempts to increase political control over the courts as 'desperate'.[ 455]    During the chaotic (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_Turkish_presidential_election) (2007 Turkish presidential election) 2007 presidential election , the military issued an (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-memorandum) (E-memorandum) E-memorandum warning the government to keep within the boundaries of secularism when choosing a candidate. Regardless, Erdoğan's close relations with (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fethullah_Gülen) (Fethullah Gülen) Fethullah Gülen and his Cemaat Movement allowed his government to maintain a degree of influence within the judiciary through Gülen's supporters in high judicial and bureaucratic offices.[ 456]    [ 457]    Shortly after, an alleged coup plot codenamed (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sledgehammer_(alleged_coup_plan)) (Sledgehammer (alleged coup plan)) Sledgehammer became public and resulted in the imprisonment of 300 military officers including (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İbrahim_Fırtına) (İbrahim Fırtına) İbrahim Fırtına , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Çetin_Doğan) (Çetin Doğan) Çetin Doğan and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engin_Alan) (Engin Alan) Engin Alan . Several opposition politicians, journalists and military officers also (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergenekon_trials) (Ergenekon trials) went on trial for allegedly being part of an ultra-nationalist organization called (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergenekon_(organization)) (Ergenekon (organization)) Ergenekon . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Supporters_of_Turkish_President_Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_react_to_anti-Erdogan_supporters_outside_the_White_House_in_Washington_01.jpg)   Erdoğan's supporters outside the White House in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C.) (Washington, D.C.) Washington, D.C. , 16 May 2017  Both cases were marred by irregularities and were condemned as a joint attempt by Erdoğan and Gülen to curb opposition to the AKP.[ 458]    The original Sledgehammer document containing the coup plans, allegedly written in 2003, was found to have been written using (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Word_2007) (Microsoft Word 2007) Microsoft Word 2007 .[ 459]    Despite both domestic and international calls for these irregularities to be addressed in order to guarantee a fair trial, Erdoğan instead praised his government for bringing the coup plots to light.[ 460]    When Gülen publicly withdrew support and openly attacked Erdoğan in late 2013, several imprisoned military officers and journalists were released, with the government admitting that the judicial proceedings were unfair.[ 461]     When Gülen withdrew support from the AKP government in late 2013, a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_corruption_scandal_in_Turkey) (2013 corruption scandal in Turkey) government corruption scandal broke out, leading to the arrest of several family members of cabinet ministers. Erdoğan accused Gülen of co-ordinating a "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_state) (Parallel state) parallel state " within the judiciary in an attempt to topple him from power. He then removed or reassigned several judicial officials in an attempt to remove Gülen's supporters from office. Erdoğan's 'purge' was widely questioned and criticized by the European Union.[ 462]    In early 2014, a new law was passed by parliament giving the government greater control over the judiciary, which sparked public protest throughout the country. International organizations perceived the law to be a danger to the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_of_powers) (Separation of powers) separation of powers .[ 463]     Several judicial officials removed from their posts said that they had been removed due to their secularist credentials. The political opposition accused Erdoğan of not only attempting to remove Gülen supporters, but supporters of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atatürk) (Mustafa Kemal Atatürk) Mustafa Kemal Atatürk 's principles as well, in order to pave the way for increased politicization of the judiciary. Several family members of Erdoğan's ministers who had been arrested as a result of the 2013 corruption scandal were released, and a judicial order to question Erdoğan's son Bilal Erdoğan was annulled.[ 464]    Controversy erupted when it emerged that many of the newly appointed judicial officials were actually AKP supporters.[ 465]    İslam Çiçek, a judge who ejected the cases of five ministers' relatives accused of corruption, was accused of being an AKP supporter and an official investigation was launched into his political affiliations.[ 466]    On 1 September 2014, the courts dissolved the cases of 96 suspects, which included Bilal Erdoğan.[ 467]     On 25 September 2025, during a bilateral visit, Erdoğan was described by US president (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump) (Donald Trump) Donald Trump as "highly opinionated" and "a tough one", adding, "Usually, I don't like opinionated people, but I always like this one." Trump also remarked that Erdoğan "knows about rigged elections better than anybody," drawing attention due to longstanding criticisms of Erdoğan's leadership style, which has been perceived by critics as increasingly autocratic.[ 468]    [ 469]    [ 470]     Suppression of dissent  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   See also: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Censorship_in_Turkey) (Censorship in Turkey) Censorship in Turkey , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey's_media_purge_after_the_failed_July_2016_coup_d'état) (Turkey's media purge after the failed July 2016 coup d'état) Turkey's media purge after the failed July 2016 coup d'état , and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purges_in_Turkey_following_the_2016_Turkish_coup_attempt) (Purges in Turkey following the 2016 Turkish coup attempt) Purges in Turkey following the 2016 Turkish coup attempt  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ntv-Van_Media_for_sales.png)   An (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTV_(Turkey)) (NTV (Turkey)) NTV news van covered in anti-AKP protest graffiti in response to their initial (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_censorship_and_disinformation_during_the_Gezi_Park_protests_in_Turkey) (Media censorship and disinformation during the Gezi Park protests in Turkey) lack of coverage of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gezi_Park_protests) (Gezi Park protests) Gezi Park protests in 2013  Erdoğan has been criticized for his politicization of the media, especially after the 2013 protests. The opposition (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_People's_Party) (Republican People's Party) Republican People's Party (CHP) alleged that over 1,863 journalists lost their jobs due to their anti-government views in 12 years of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)) (Justice and Development Party (Turkey)) AKP rule.[ 471]    Opposition politicians have also alleged that intimidation in the media is due to the government's attempt to restructure the ownership of private media corporations. Journalists from the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cihan_News_Agency) (Cihan News Agency) Cihan News Agency and the Gülenist (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaman_(newspaper)) (Zaman (newspaper)) Zaman newspaper were repeatedly barred from attending government press conferences or asking questions.[ 472]    Several opposition journalists such as (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soner_Yalçın) (Soner Yalçın) Soner Yalçın were controversially arrested as part of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergenekon_trials) (Ergenekon trials) Ergenekon trials and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sledgehammer_(alleged_coup_plan)) (Sledgehammer (alleged coup plan)) Sledgehammer coup investigation .[ 473]    Veli Ağbaba, a CHP politician, has called the AKP the 'biggest media boss in Turkey'.[ 471]     In 2015, 74 US senators sent a letter to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_Secretary_of_State) (US Secretary of State) US Secretary of State , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Kerry) (John Kerry) John Kerry , to state their concern over what they saw as deviations from the basic principles of democracy in Turkey and oppressions of Erdoğan over media.[ 474]     Notable cases of media censorship occurred during the 2013 anti-government protests, when the mainstream media did not broadcast any news regarding the demonstrations for three days after they began. The lack of media coverage was symbolised by (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNN_International) (CNN International) CNN International covering the protests while (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNN_Türk) (CNN Türk) CNN Türk broadcast a documentary about penguins at the same time.[ 475]    The (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_and_Television_Supreme_Council) (Radio and Television Supreme Council) Radio and Television Supreme Council (RTÜK) controversially issued a fine to pro-opposition news channels including (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halk_TV) (Halk TV) Halk TV and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulusal_Kanal) (Ulusal Kanal) Ulusal Kanal for their coverage of the protests, accusing them of broadcasting footage that could be morally, physically and mentally destabilizing to children.[ 476]    Erdoğan was criticized for not responding to the accusations of media intimidation, and caused international outrage after telling a female journalist ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amberin_Zaman) (Amberin Zaman) Amberin Zaman of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Economist) (The Economist) The Economist  ) to know her place and calling her a 'shameless militant' during his (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan_presidential_campaign) (2014 Recep Tayyip Erdoğan presidential campaign) 2014 presidential election campaign .[ 477]    While the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Turkish_presidential_election) (2014 Turkish presidential election) 2014 presidential election was not subject to substantial electoral fraud, Erdoğan was again criticized for receiving disproportionate media attention in comparison to his rivals. The British newspaper (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times) (The Times) The Times  commented that between 2 and 4 July, the state-owned media channel (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRT) (TRT) TRT gave 204 minutes of coverage to Erdoğan's campaign and less than a total of 3 minutes to both his rivals.[ 478]     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Yüksekdağ_and_Demirtaş.jpg)   Opposition politicians (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selahattin_Demirtas) (Selahattin Demirtas) Selahattin Demirtaş and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Figen_Yüksekdağ) (Figen Yüksekdağ) Figen Yüksekdağ had been arrested on terrorism charges.  Erdoğan also (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_regulation_in_Turkey) (Internet regulation in Turkey) tightened controls over the Internet , signing into law a bill which allows the government to block websites without prior court order on 12 September 2014.[ 479]    His government blocked (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twitter) (Twitter) Twitter and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube) (YouTube) YouTube in late March 2014 following the release of a recording of a conversation between him and his son (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilal_Erdoğan) (Bilal Erdoğan) Bilal , where Erdoğan allegedly warned his family to 'nullify' all cash reserves at their home amid the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_corruption_scandal_in_Turkey) (2013 corruption scandal in Turkey) 2013 corruption scandal .[ 480]    Erdoğan has undertaken a media campaign that attempts to portray the presidential family as frugal and simple-living; their palace electricity-bill is estimated at $500,000 per month.[ 481]     In 2016, a waiter was arrested for insulting Erdoğan by allegedly saying "If Erdoğan comes here, I will not even serve tea to him.".[ 482]     In November 2016, the Turkish government[ 236]    blocked access to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_media) (Social media) social media in all of Turkey[ 483]    as well as sought to completely block Internet access for the citizens in the southeast of the country.[ 484]    Since the 2016 coup attempt, authorities arrested or imprisoned more than 90,000 Turkish citizens.[ 485]      Lawsuits  In February 2015, a 13-year-old was charged by a prosecutor after allegedly (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Article_299_(Turkish_Penal_Code)) (Article 299 (Turkish Penal Code)) insulting Erdoğan on Facebook.[ 486]    [ 487]    Between 2016[ 488]    and 2023 there were trials for insulting the president for having (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erdoğan–Gollum_comparison_trials) (Erdoğan–Gollum comparison trials) compared Erdogan to Gollum , a fictional character of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien) (J. R. R. Tolkien) J. R. R. Tolkien 's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings) (The Lord of the Rings) Lord of the Rings  .[ 489]    In May 2016, former (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miss_Turkey) (Miss Turkey) Miss Turkey model (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merve_Büyüksaraç) (Merve Büyüksaraç) Merve Büyüksaraç was sentenced to more than a year in prison for allegedly insulting the president.[ 490]    [ 491]    [ 492]    Between 2014 and 2019, 128,872 investigations were launched for insulting the president and prosecutors opened 27,717 criminal cases.[ 493]     In 2009, Turkish sculptor (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Aksoy_(sculptor)) (Mehmet Aksoy (sculptor)) Mehmet Aksoy created the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statue_of_Humanity) (Statue of Humanity) Statue of Humanity  in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kars) (Kars) Kars to promote reconciliation between Turkey and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenia) (Armenia) Armenia . When visiting the city in 2011, Erdoğan deemed the statue a "freak", and months later it was demolished.[ 494]    Aksoy sued Erdoğan for "moral indemnities", although his lawyer said that his statement was a critique rather than an insult. In March 2015, a judge ordered Erdoğan to pay 10,000 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_lira) (Turkish lira) liras .[ 495]        Ziya Gökalp  In 2019, Erdoğan once again publicly recited (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziya_Gökalp) (Ziya Gökalp) Ziya Gökalp 's Soldier's Prayer poem, as he had done in 1997. Historian (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans-Lukas_Kieser) (Hans-Lukas Kieser) Hans-Lukas Kieser argues that these recitations signal Erdoğan's affinity with Gökalp's pre-1923 ideal of "a modern, leader-led Islamic-Turkish state", and he associates this with a vision extending beyond the boundaries of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Lausanne) (Treaty of Lausanne) Treaty of Lausanne .[ 496]      Women  In 2021, Erdoğan withdrew Turkey from the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Europe) (Council of Europe) Council of Europe 's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul_Convention) (Istanbul Convention) Istanbul Convention on violence against women and has attacked groups that defend women.[ 497]    [ 498]      Views on minorities  LGBT  In 2002, Erdoğan said that "homosexuals must be legally protected within the framework of their rights and freedoms. From time to time, we do not find the treatment they get on some television screens humane", he said.[ 499]    [ 500]    [ 501]    However, in 2017 Erdoğan has said that empowering (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Turkey) (LGBT rights in Turkey) LGBT people in Turkey was "against the values of our nation".[ 502]     In 2020, amid the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Turkey) (COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey) COVID-19 pandemic , Turkey's top Muslim scholar and President of Religious Affairs, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Erbaş) (Ali Erbaş) Ali Erbaş , said in a Friday Ramadan announcement that the country condemns (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homosexuality) (Homosexuality) homosexuality because it "brings illness", insinuating that same sex relations were responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic.[ 503]    Recep Tayyip Erdoğan backed Erbaş, saying that what Erbaş "said was totally right."[ 504]    Starting from 2023, Erdoğan began openly speaking against LGBT people, openly saying that his Coalition "are against the LGBT", and accusing the Turkish opposition of being LGBT.[ 505]     In 2023, Erdogan blamed LGBTQ+ people for "undermining family values" in Turkey and called his political opponents "gays" in a derogatory manner. Third-party sources criticized this; seeing it as a bid to distract the public from the ruling party's failings—particularly on the country's economy; according to these sources, by targeting Turkey's minority groups, he rallied his base amid (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018–2022_Turkish_currency_and_debt_crisis) (2018–2022 Turkish currency and debt crisis) the country's ongoing economic troubles to raise the prospects of winning the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Turkish_general_election) (2023 Turkish general election) 2023 general elections in his country , which were seen as critical for his nearly 20-year rule.[ 506]    [ 507]    [ 508]    At a campaign rally in the same year Erdoğan stated, "We are against the LGBT".[ 498]      Jews  While Erdoğan has declared that the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antisemitism) (Antisemitism) antisemitism is an "evil crime" that cannot be legitimized,[ 509]    [ 510]    [ 511]    he has been accused of invoking (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antisemitic_trope) (Antisemitic trope) antisemitic tropes in public statements, particularly those regarding Israel.[ 512]    [ 513]    In 2009, regarding the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_War_(2008–2009)) (Gaza War (2008–2009)) 2008–2009 Gaza War , Erdoğan said Israelis "know very well how to kill" and suggested that Israel controls the media. In 2010, following the Gaza flotilla raid, he repeated the suggestion of Israel dominating the world media. The Turkish historian (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rıfat_Bali) (Rıfat Bali) Rıfat Bali characterized these remarks as antisemitic and as inflammatory rhetoric well beyond legitimate (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Israel) (Criticism of Israel) criticism of Israel .[ 512]    In 2021, Erdoğan accused Israel of "terrorism" against the Palestinians and said, "they kill children who are five or six years old. They only are satisfied by sucking their blood", which the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Defamation_League) (Anti-Defamation League) Anti-Defamation League and others cited as an instance of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blood_libel) (Blood libel) blood libel .[ 513]    [ 514]    [ 515]       Armenian genocide  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Monument_to_Humanity_by_Mehmet_Aksoy_in_Kars,_Turkey_(cropped).jpg)   In 2011, Erdoğan called the 33-meter-tall (108  ft) Monument to Humanity, a statue dedicated to fostering Armenian and Turkish relations, "freakishly ugly" ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_language) (Turkish language) Turkish : ucube ) and ordered it to be demolished. Erdoğan was subsequently fined by a Turkish judge for insulting the work and the creator was compensated due to the "violation of the freedom of expression".  Erdoğan has continued Turkey's policy of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_genocide_denial) (Armenian genocide denial) Armenian genocide denial .[ 516]    During his premiership, he said that Turkey would only (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_genocide_recognition) (Armenian genocide recognition) recognise the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_genocide) (Armenian genocide) mass killings of Armenians during World War I as a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genocide) (Genocide) genocide after a thorough investigation by a joint Turkish-Armenian commission consisting of historians, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeologists) (Archaeologists) archaeologists , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_scientists) (Political scientists) political scientists and other experts.[ 517]    [ 518]    [ 519]    In 2005, Erdoğan and the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_People's_Party) (Republican People's Party) main opposition party leader (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deniz_Baykal) (Deniz Baykal) Deniz Baykal wrote a letter to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Armenia) (President of Armenia) President of Armenia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Kocharyan) (Robert Kocharyan) Robert Kocharyan , proposing the creation of a joint Turkish-Armenian commission.[ 520]    Armenian Foreign Minister (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vartan_Oskanian) (Vartan Oskanian) Vartan Oskanian rejected the offer, which he asserted was insincere: "This issue cannot be considered at historical level with Turks, who themselves politicized the problem."[ 521]    [ 522]     In 2008, Erdoğan criticised (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Apologize_campaign) (I Apologize campaign) I Apologise , a campaign by Turkish intellectuals to recognise the genocide: "I neither accept nor support this campaign. We did not commit a crime, therefore we do not need to apologise ... It will not have any benefit other than stirring up trouble, disturbing our peace and undoing the steps which have been taken."[ 523]    In 2010, Erdoğan threatened to deport 100,000 Armenians from Turkey after the US (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Foreign_Affairs) (United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs) House Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Swedish (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riksdag) (Riksdag) Riksdag voted in favour of recognition.[ 524]     In 2011, Erdoğan called for the destruction of the 33-meter-tall (108  ft) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monument_to_Humanity) (Monument to Humanity) Monument to Humanity  , a statue by (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Aksoy_(sculptor)) (Mehmet Aksoy (sculptor)) Mehmet Aksoy in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kars) (Kars) Kars intended to represent reconciliation between Turkey and Armenia. Erdoğan condemned the monument as "freakish" and a "monstrosity", and argued it overshadowed other Kars landmarks, such as the tomb of an 11th-century Islamic scholar. The Kars municipal assembly subsequently approved a motion to demolish it on the basis that it was built illegally in a protected area.[ 525]    [ 526]    In 2015, Erdoğan was 10,000 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_lira) (Turkish lira) Turkish lira for insulting Aksoy.[ 526]     On 23 April 2014, Erdoğan released a statement in nine languages (including two dialects of Armenian) for (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_Genocide_Remembrance_Day) (Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day) Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day . Though he did not recognise the genocide, he offered condolences for the mass killings and described them as Armenia and Turkey's shared pain: "Having experienced events which had inhumane consequences – such as relocation – during the First World War, (it) should not prevent Turks and Armenians from establishing compassion and mutually humane attitudes among one another."[ 527]     In April 2015, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Francis) (Pope Francis) Pope Francis , during a special (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_in_the_Catholic_Church) (Mass in the Catholic Church) mass in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Peter's_Basilica) (St. Peter's Basilica) St. Peter's Basilica marking the genocide's centenary, described it as "the first genocide of the 20th century". In protest, Erdoğan recalled Turkey's ambassador to the Vatican and summoned the Vatican's ambassador to Turkey to express "disappointment" at what he called a discriminatory message.[ 528]    When the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Parliament) (European Parliament) European Parliament held a vote to recognise the genocide, Erdoğan said it would "go in one ear and out from the other" and that Turkey does not "carry a stain or a shadow like genocide".[ 529]    US President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama) (Barack Obama) Barack Obama called for a "full, frank and just acknowledgement of the facts", but stopped short of labelling it "genocide", despite a campaign promise to do so.[ 530]     In April 2021, Erdoğan condemned US President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden) (Joe Biden) Joe Biden 's recognition of the Armenian genocide as "groundless", "unfair" and "destructive", accusing Biden of bowing to "pressure from radical Armenian groups and anti-Turkish circles". He invoked (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_American_genocide_in_the_United_States) (Native American genocide in the United States) the destruction of Native American peoples by the US to accuse Biden of hypocrisy.[ 516]    In June 2026, he repudiated Israel's recognition of the Armenian genocide as "slander" designed to distract from the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_genocide) (Gaza genocide) Gaza genocide and denied that Turkey's history includes colonialism, genocide, and oppression.[ 531]      Climate change  Erdogan is considering climate change a threat to humanity, comparable to global wars and pandemics. He think that new technologies are accelerating production and excessive consumption hurt nature. He emphasised Turkey’s environmental initiatives, like “Zero Waste”.[ 532]       Personal life  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan_family_attended_TEKNOFEST_Azerbaijan_festival_in_Baku_30_(cropped).jpg)   Erdoğan (centre) with his spouse (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emine_Erdoğan) (Emine Erdoğan) Emine (centre-right), granddaughter Canan Aybüke (centre-left), and son-in-law (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selçuk_Bayraktar) (Selçuk Bayraktar) Selçuk Bayraktar (left) at (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teknofest) (Teknofest) Teknofest festival in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijan) (Azerbaijan) Azerbaijan (2022)  Erdoğan married (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emine_Erdoğan) (Emine Erdoğan) Emine Erdoğan (née Gülbaran; b. 1955, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siirt) (Siirt) Siirt ) on 4 July 1978.[ 533]    They have two sons, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Burak_Erdoğan) (Ahmet Burak Erdoğan) Ahmet Burak (b. 1979) and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilal_Erdoğan) (Bilal Erdoğan) Necmettin Bilal (b. 1981), and two daughters, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esra_Erdoğan) (Esra Erdoğan) Esra (b. 1983) and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sümeyye_Erdoğan) (Sümeyye Erdoğan) Sümeyye (b. 1985).[ 533]    His father, Ahmet Erdoğan, died in 1988 and his mother, Tenzile Erdoğan, died in 2011 at the age of 87.[ 534]     Erdoğan has a brother, Mustafa (b. 1958), and a sister, Vesile (b. 1965).[ 535]    From his father's first marriage to Havuli Erdoğan (d. 1980), he had two half-brothers: Mehmet (1926–1988) and Hasan (1929–2006).[ 536]      Electoral history  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan) (Electoral history of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan) Electoral history of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan  Year Office Type Party Main opponent Party Votes for Erdoğan or his party Result  Total % (Position) P . (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319)  (Change in percentage value since previous election) ±%   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1983_Turkish_general_election) (1983 Turkish general election) 1984  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Member_of_Parliament) (Member of Parliament) Member of Parliament  National  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welfare_Party) (Welfare Party) RP  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hüsnü_Doğan) (Hüsnü Doğan) Hüsnü Doğan   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motherland_Party_(Turkey)) (Motherland Party (Turkey)) ANAP  31,247 8.57 5th N/A Lost  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1989_Turkish_local_elections) (1989 Turkish local elections) 1989  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beyoğlu) (Beyoğlu) Mayor of Beyoğlu  Local  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welfare_Party) (Welfare Party) RP  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hüseyin_Aslan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hüseyin Aslan (page does not exist)) Hüseyin Aslan   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Democratic_Populist_Party_(Turkey)) (Social Democratic Populist Party (Turkey)) SHP  21,706 22.83 2nd +17.71 Lost  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_Turkish_general_election) (1991 Turkish general election) 1991  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Member_of_Parliament) (Member of Parliament) Member of Parliament  National  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welfare_Party) (Welfare Party) RP  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahattin_Yücel?action=edit&redlink=1) (Bahattin Yücel (page does not exist)) Bahattin Yücel   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motherland_Party_(Turkey)) (Motherland Party (Turkey)) ANAP  70,555 20.01 5th +12.69 Lost  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_Turkish_local_elections) (1994 Turkish local elections) 1994  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayor_of_Istanbul) (Mayor of Istanbul) Mayor of Istanbul  Local  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welfare_Party) (Welfare Party) RP  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İlhan_Kesici) (İlhan Kesici) İlhan Kesici   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motherland_Party_(Turkey)) (Motherland Party (Turkey)) ANAP  973,704 25.19 1st +14.74 Won  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_Turkish_general_election) (2002 Turkish general election) 2002  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Member_of_Parliament) (Member of Parliament) Member of Parliament  National  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AK_Party) (AK Party) AK Party  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deniz_Baykal) (Deniz Baykal) Deniz Baykal   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_People's_Party) (Republican People's Party) CHP  10,808,229 34.28 1st +34.28 Won  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Turkish_local_elections) (2004 Turkish local elections) 2004  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Party_leader) (Party leader) Party leader  Local  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AK_Party) (AK Party) AK Party  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deniz_Baykal) (Deniz Baykal) Deniz Baykal   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_People's_Party) (Republican People's Party) CHP  13,448,587 41.67 1st +41.67 Won  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_Turkish_general_election) (2007 Turkish general election) 2007  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Member_of_Parliament) (Member of Parliament) Member of Parliament  National  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AK_Party) (AK Party) AK Party  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deniz_Baykal) (Deniz Baykal) Deniz Baykal   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_People's_Party) (Republican People's Party) CHP  16,327,291 46.58 1st +12.30 Won  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_Turkish_local_elections) (2009 Turkish local elections) 2009  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Party_leader) (Party leader) Party leader  Local  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AK_Party) (AK Party) AK Party  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deniz_Baykal) (Deniz Baykal) Deniz Baykal   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_People's_Party) (Republican People's Party) CHP  15,353,553 38.39 1st - 3.28 Won  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Turkish_general_election) (2011 Turkish general election) 2011  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Member_of_Parliament) (Member of Parliament) Member of Parliament  National  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AK_Party) (AK Party) AK Party  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemal_Kılıçdaroğlu) (Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu) Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_People's_Party) (Republican People's Party) CHP  21,399,082 49.83 1st +3.25 Won  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Turkish_local_elections) (2014 Turkish local elections) 2014  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Party_leader) (Party leader) Party leader  Local  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AK_Party) (AK Party) AK Party  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemal_Kılıçdaroğlu) (Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu) Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_People's_Party) (Republican People's Party) CHP  17,802,976 42.87 1st +4.48 Won  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Turkish_presidential_election) (2014 Turkish presidential election) 2014  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Turkey) (President of Turkey) President  National  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_politician) (Independent politician) Ind.  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekmeleddin_İhsanoğlu) (Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu) Ekmeleddin İhsanoğlu   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_politician) (Independent politician) Ind.  21,000,143 51.79 1st N/A Won  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Turkish_presidential_election) (2018 Turkish presidential election) 2018  National  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AK_Party) (AK Party) AK Party  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muharrem_İnce) (Muharrem İnce) Muharrem İnce   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_People's_Party) (Republican People's Party) CHP  26,330,823 52.59 1st +0.80 Won  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Turkish_local_elections) (2019 Turkish local elections) 2019  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Party_leader) (Party leader) Party leader  Local  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AK_Party) (AK Party) AK Party  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemal_Kılıçdaroğlu) (Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu) Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_People's_Party) (Republican People's Party) CHP  19,766,640 42.55 1st - 0.32 Won  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Turkish_presidential_election) (2023 Turkish presidential election) 2023  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Turkey) (President of Turkey) President  National  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AK_Party) (AK Party) AK Party  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemal_Kılıçdaroğlu) (Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu) Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_People's_Party) (Republican People's Party) CHP  27,725,131 52.16 1st -0.43 Won  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Turkish_local_elections) (2024 Turkish local elections) 2024  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Party_leader) (Party leader) Party leader  Local  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AK_Party) (AK Party) AK Party  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Özgür_Özel) (Özgür Özel) Özgür Özel   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_People's_Party) (Republican People's Party) CHP  16,339,771 35.49 2nd - 7.06 Lost        Honors, awards and recognitions  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   See also: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_awards_and_honours_received_by_Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan) (List of awards and honours received by Recep Tayyip Erdoğan) List of awards and honours received by Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_honorary_doctorates_awarded_to_Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan) (List of honorary doctorates awarded to Recep Tayyip Erdoğan) List of honorary doctorates awarded to Recep Tayyip Erdoğan  Erdoğan has received numerous national and international awards and honors throughout his political career. These awards and honors reflect his contributions to international relations, cultural dialogue and humanitarian efforts.(./Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements)  (./Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_March_2025)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed) (Wikipedia:Citation needed) (This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2025)) citation needed   ]  Internationally, he has been recognized with awards such as the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medal_"In_Commemoration_of_the_1000th_Anniversary_of_Kazan") (Medal "In Commemoration of the 1000th Anniversary of Kazan") Medal "In Commemoration of the 1000th Anniversary of Kazan" from (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia) (Russia) Russia , the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nishan-e-Pakistan) (Nishan-e-Pakistan) Nishan-e-Pakistan from (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan) (Pakistan) Pakistan , and the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_the_Republic_(Moldova)) (Order of the Republic (Moldova)) Order of the Republic from (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moldova) (Moldova) Moldova . He has also been awarded the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_Leopold_(Belgium)) (Order of Leopold (Belgium)) Grand Cordon of the Order of Leopold from (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belgium) (Belgium) Belgium , the Grand Cordon of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Order_of_the_Ivory_Coast) (National Order of the Ivory Coast) National Order of the Ivory Coast and the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Order_of_Merit_(Guinea)) (National Order of Merit (Guinea)) Grand Cross of the National Order of Merit from (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea) (Guinea) Guinea . Domestically, Erdoğan has received accolades including the Outstanding Service award from the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_Red_Crescent) (Turkish Red Crescent) Turkish Red Crescent and the Dialogue Between Cultures Award from the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Tatarstan) (President of Tatarstan) President of Tatarstan . Additionally, he has been awarded the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Faisal_International_Prize) (King Faisal International Prize) King Faisal International Prize for "service to Islam" and the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UN-Habitat_Scroll_of_Honour_Award) (UN-Habitat Scroll of Honour Award) United Nations–HABITAT award in memorial of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafik_Hariri) (Rafik Hariri) Rafik Hariri .  Bibliography   Books  Erdoğan, Recep Tayyip (17 November 2012). (https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B01HC9RFE0/ref=dbs_a_def_rwt_bibl_vppi_i2) Küresel barış vizyonu  . Medeniyetler İttifakı Enstitüsü. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-6055952389) (Special:BookSources/978-6055952389) 978-6055952389  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=K%C3%BCresel+bar%C4%B1%C5%9F+vizyonu&rft.pub=Medeniyetler+%C4%B0ttifak%C4%B1+Enstit%C3%BCs%C3%BC&rft.date=2012-11-17&rft.isbn=978-6055952389&rft.aulast=Erdo%C4%9Fan&rft.aufirst=Recep+Tayyip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fgp%2Fproduct%2FB01HC9RFE0%2Fref%3Ddbs_a_def_rwt_bibl_vppi_i2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Erdoğan, Recep Tayyip (27 October 2021). (https://www.amazon.com/Fairer-World-Possible-Proposed-Nations-ebook/dp/B09KM5C7Z2) A Fairer World is Possible: A Proposed Model for a United Nations Reform  . Turkuvaz Kitap. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Fairer+World+is+Possible%3A+A+Proposed+Model+for+a+United+Nations+Reform&rft.pub=Turkuvaz+Kitap&rft.date=2021-10-27&rft.aulast=Erdo%C4%9Fan&rft.aufirst=Recep+Tayyip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2FFairer-World-Possible-Proposed-Nations-ebook%2Fdp%2FB09KM5C7Z2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)     Articles  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Erdogan, Recep Tayyip (10 October 2011). (https://foreignpolicy.com/2011/10/10/the-tears-of-somalia/) "The Tears of Somalia" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_Policy) (Foreign Policy) Foreign Policy  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Policy&rft.atitle=The+Tears+of+Somalia&rft.date=2011-10-10&rft.aulast=Erdogan&rft.aufirst=Recep+Tayyip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforeignpolicy.com%2F2011%2F10%2F10%2Fthe-tears-of-somalia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  — — — — — — — (26 September 2018). (https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/09/26/how-to-fix-the-u-n-and-why-we-should/) "How to Fix the U.N.—and Why We Should" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_Policy) (Foreign Policy) Foreign Policy  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Policy&rft.atitle=How+to+Fix+the+U.N.%E2%80%94and+Why+We+Should&rft.date=2018-09-26&rft.aulast=Erdogan&rft.aufirst=Recep+Tayyip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforeignpolicy.com%2F2018%2F09%2F26%2Fhow-to-fix-the-u-n-and-why-we-should%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  — — — — — — — (10 November 2018). (https://www.lefigaro.fr/vox/monde/2018/11/10/31002-20181110ARTFIG00082--l-heure-du-centenaire-de-l-armistice-la-turquie-continue-a-oeuvrer-pour-la-paix-et-la-stabilite.php) "À l'heure du centenaire de l'Armistice, la Turquie continue à oeuvrer pour la paix et la stabilité" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Figaro) (Le Figaro) Le Figaro  (in French). (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Le+Figaro&rft.atitle=%C3%80+l%27heure+du+centenaire+de+l%27Armistice%2C+la+Turquie+continue+%C3%A0+oeuvrer+pour+la+paix+et+la+stabilit%C3%A9&rft.date=2018-11-10&rft.aulast=Erdogan&rft.aufirst=Recep+Tayyip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lefigaro.fr%2Fvox%2Fmonde%2F2018%2F11%2F10%2F31002-20181110ARTFIG00082--l-heure-du-centenaire-de-l-armistice-la-turquie-continue-a-oeuvrer-pour-la-paix-et-la-stabilite.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)  (./Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr))   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  — — — — — — — (29 September 2019). (https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2019/09/30/recep-tayyip-erdogan-turkey-will-continue-its-efforts-shed-light-khashoggi-murder/) "Turkey will continue its efforts to shed light on the Khashoggi murder" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Post) (Washington Post) Washington Post  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Turkey+will+continue+its+efforts+to+shed+light+on+the+Khashoggi+murder&rft.date=2019-09-29&rft.aulast=Erdogan&rft.aufirst=Recep+Tayyip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fopinions%2F2019%2F09%2F30%2Frecep-tayyip-erdogan-turkey-will-continue-its-efforts-shed-light-khashoggi-murder%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  — — — — — — — (14 October 2019). (https://www.wsj.com/articles/turkey-is-stepping-up-where-others-fail-to-act-11571093850) "Turkey Is Stepping Up Where Others Fail to Act" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal) (The Wall Street Journal) The Wall Street Journal  . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) (ISSN (identifier)) ISSN  (https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0099-9660) 0099-9660 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Turkey+Is+Stepping+Up+Where+Others+Fail+to+Act&rft.date=2019-10-14&rft.issn=0099-9660&rft.aulast=Erdo%C4%9Fan&rft.aufirst=Recep+Tayyip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fturkey-is-stepping-up-where-others-fail-to-act-11571093850&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  — — — — — — — (18 January 2020). (https://www.politico.eu/article/road-to-peace-in-libya-goes-through-turkey-khalifa-haftar/) "Road to peace in Libya goes through Turkey" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politico) (Politico) Politico  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Road+to+peace+in+Libya+goes+through+Turkey&rft.date=2020-01-18&rft.aulast=Erdogan&rft.aufirst=Recep+Tayyip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.eu%2Farticle%2Froad-to-peace-in-libya-goes-through-turkey-khalifa-haftar%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  — — — — — — — (14 March 2021). (https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2021-03-15/erdogan-the-west-should-help-turkey-end-syria-s-civil-war) "The West Should Help Turkey End Syria's Civil War" . Opinion. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloomberg_News) (Bloomberg News) Bloomberg  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg&rft.atitle=The+West+Should+Help+Turkey+End+Syria%27s+Civil+War&rft.date=2021-03-14&rft.aulast=Erdo%C4%9Fan&rft.aufirst=Recep+Tayyip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fopinion%2Farticles%2F2021-03-15%2Ferdogan-the-west-should-help-turkey-end-syria-s-civil-war&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  — — — — — — — (15 January 2022). (http://www.panorama.com.al/marredheniet-midis-turqise-dhe-shqiperise/) "Relations between Turkey and Albania" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panorama_(Albania)) (Panorama (Albania)) Panorama  (in Albanian). (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Panorama&rft.atitle=Relations+between+Turkey+and+Albania&rft.date=2022-01-15&rft.aulast=Erdo%C4%9Fan&rft.aufirst=Recep+Tayyip&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.panorama.com.al%2Fmarredheniet-midis-turqise-dhe-shqiperise%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)  (./Category:CS1_Albanian-language_sources_(sq))       See also  ()     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Biography) (Portal:Biography) Biography portal   (flag)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Turkey) (Portal:Turkey) Turkey portal   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg) (icon)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Politics) (Portal:Politics) Politics portal    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_current_heads_of_state_and_government) (List of current heads of state and government) List of current heads of state and government  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_heads_of_the_executive_by_approval_rating) (List of heads of the executive by approval rating) List of heads of the executive by approval rating  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_international_prime_ministerial_trips_made_by_Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan) (List of international prime ministerial trips made by Recep Tayyip Erdoğan) List of international prime ministerial trips made by Recep Tayyip Erdoğan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan) (List of international presidential trips made by Recep Tayyip Erdoğan) List of international presidential trips made by Recep Tayyip Erdoğan  U+011F   ğ   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ğ) (Ğ) LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH BREVE     Notes   ↑   Various claims are made about his degree.[ 2]    See (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan_university_diploma_controversy) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan university diploma controversy) Recep Tayyip Erdoğan university diploma controversy .  ↑   Pronunciation: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_English) (British English) UK :  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English) (Help:IPA/English) /(/ˈ/: primary stress follows) ˈ (/ɛər/: 'are' in 'bare') ɛər ('d' in 'dye') d (/ə/: 'a' in 'about') ə ('w' in 'wind') w (/æ/: 'a' in 'bad') æ ('n' in 'nigh') n  /   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key) (Help:Pronunciation respelling key) (English pronunciation respelling) AIR -də-wan  ,[ 3]    (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991)  also (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_English) (American English) US :  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English) (Help:IPA/English) /-('w' in 'wind') w (/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father') ɑː ('n' in 'nigh') n  /   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key) (Help:Pronunciation respelling key) (English pronunciation respelling) -⁠ wahn  ;[ 4]    (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991)  Turkish: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Turkish) (Help:IPA/Turkish) [ ɾeˈdʒep tajˈjip ˈæɾdoan]   (//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/ac/Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan%2C_Turkish_pronunciation.ogg/Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan%2C_Turkish_pronunciation.ogg.mp3) (Play audio)      (/wiki/File:Recep_Tayyip_Erdogan,_Turkish_pronunciation.ogg) (File:Recep Tayyip Erdogan, Turkish pronunciation.ogg) ⓘ   (./Category:Pages_with_Turkish_IPA)  (./Category:Pages_including_recorded_pronunciations)  .  ↑   Erdoğan won the elections in 2002, but was prevented from becoming prime minister until the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003_Siirt_Province_by-election) (2003 Siirt Province by-election) by-election in 2003. In the meanwhile, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_Gül) (Abdullah Gül) Abdullah Gül was chairholder.      References  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1327269900)   ↑   tccb.tr/emineerdogan/biyografi  1  2  3   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6900616.stm) "Profile: Recep Tayyip Erdogan" . BBC News . 18 July 2007. (https://web.archive.org/web/20210314194021/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6900616.stm) Archived from the original on 14 March 2021. Retrieved 29 August 2008 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Profile%3A+Recep+Tayyip+Erdogan&rft.date=2007-07-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Feurope%2F6900616.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/erdogan) "Erdoğan" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collins_English_Dictionary) (Collins English Dictionary) Collins English Dictionary  . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HarperCollins) (HarperCollins) HarperCollins . (https://web.archive.org/web/20191019135646/https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/erdogan) Archived from the original on 19 October 2019. Retrieved 19 September 2019 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Collins+English+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Erdo%C4%9Fan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.collinsdictionary.com%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Ferdogan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Erdo%C4%9Fan) "Erdoğan" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merriam-Webster) (Merriam-Webster) Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary  . Merriam-Webster. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) (OCLC (identifier)) OCLC  (https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1032680871) 1032680871 . Retrieved 16 February 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster.com+Dictionary&rft.atitle=Erdo%C4%9Fan&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1032680871&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2FErdo%25C4%259Fan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.dw.com/en/turkey-is-erdogan-taking-an-even-more-authoritarian-turn/a-72049447) "Turkey: Is Erdogan taking an even more authoritarian turn? – DW – 03/27/2025" . dw.com . Retrieved 28 September 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dw.com&rft.atitle=Turkey%3A+Is+Erdogan+taking+an+even+more+authoritarian+turn%3F+%E2%80%93+DW+%E2%80%93+03%2F27%2F2025&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fturkey-is-erdogan-taking-an-even-more-authoritarian-turn%2Fa-72049447&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.dw.com/en/istanbul-mayor-arrest-was-to-stop-presidency-bid-opposition/a-71989712) "Istanbul mayor arrest was to stop presidency bid: opposition – DW – 03/20/2025" . dw.com . Retrieved 14 November 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dw.com&rft.atitle=Istanbul+mayor+arrest+was+to+stop+presidency+bid%3A+opposition+%E2%80%93+DW+%E2%80%93+03%2F20%2F2025&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fistanbul-mayor-arrest-was-to-stop-presidency-bid-opposition%2Fa-71989712&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.memurlar.net/album/6052/r-tayyip-erdogan-in-hayati.html) "R.Tayyip Erdoğan'ın Hayatı" . memurlar.ne (in Turkish). Retrieved 24 April 2023 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=memurlar.ne&rft.atitle=R.Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan%27%C4%B1n+Hayat%C4%B1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.memurlar.net%2Falbum%2F6052%2Fr-tayyip-erdogan-in-hayati.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)  (./Category:CS1_Turkish-language_sources_(tr))    1  2  3   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20150219161909/http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/08/candar-erdogan-ethnic-slur-armenians-insult-anti-semitism.html) "Erdogan plays to base by slighting Armenians" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Monitor) (Al Monitor) Al Monitor  . 7 August 2014. Archived from (https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/08/candar-erdogan-ethnic-slur-armenians-insult-anti-semitism.html) the original on 19 February 2015. Retrieved 1 January 2022 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Monitor&rft.atitle=Erdogan+plays+to+base+by+slighting+Armenians&rft.date=2014-08-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.al-monitor.com%2Fpulse%2Foriginals%2F2014%2F08%2Fcandar-erdogan-ethnic-slur-armenians-insult-anti-semitism.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://t24.com.tr/haber/benim-icin-gurcu-dediler-diye-yakinan-erdogan-2004te-ben-de-gurcuyum-demis,266734) " 'Benim için Gürcü dediler' diye yakınan Erdoğan 2004'te 'Ben de Gürcü'yüm' demiş" . T24 (in Turkish). (https://web.archive.org/web/20221023133445/https://t24.com.tr/haber/benim-icin-gurcu-dediler-diye-yakinan-erdogan-2004te-ben-de-gurcuyum-demis,266734) Archived from the original on 23 October 2022. Retrieved 7 November 2022 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=T24&rft.atitle=%27Benim+i%C3%A7in+G%C3%BCrc%C3%BC+dediler%27+diye+yak%C4%B1nan+Erdo%C4%9Fan+2004%27te+%27Ben+de+G%C3%BCrc%C3%BC%27y%C3%BCm%27+demi%C5%9F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ft24.com.tr%2Fhaber%2Fbenim-icin-gurcu-dediler-diye-yakinan-erdogan-2004te-ben-de-gurcuyum-demis%2C266734&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)  (./Category:CS1_Turkish-language_sources_(tr))    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Sarıoğlu, Bülent (2005). (https://web.archive.org/web/20051215122006/http://www.milliyet.com.tr/2005/12/13/siyaset/axsiy02.html) "Kimlik değişimi!" . Milliyet . Archived from (http://www.milliyet.com.tr/2005/12/13/siyaset/axsiy02.html) the original on 15 December 2005. Retrieved 1 January 2022 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Milliyet&rft.atitle=Kimlik+de%C4%9Fi%C5%9Fimi%21&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Sar%C4%B1o%C4%9Flu&rft.aufirst=B%C3%BClent&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.milliyet.com.tr%2F2005%2F12%2F13%2Fsiyaset%2Faxsiy02.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.cnn.com/2015/11/26/middleeast/recep-tayyip-erdogan-fast-facts) "Recep Tayyip Erdogan Fast Facts" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNN_International) (CNN International) CNN International  . 20 February 2025. Retrieved 4 January 2026 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN+International&rft.atitle=Recep+Tayyip+Erdogan+Fast+Facts&rft.date=2025-02-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2015%2F11%2F26%2Fmiddleeast%2Frecep-tayyip-erdogan-fast-facts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Hamza, Assiya (11 May 2023). (https://www.france24.com/en/asia-pacific/20230511-do-not-publish-i-could-die-for-him-in-erdogan-s-old-istanbul-neighbourhood-loyalties-run-deep) " 'I could die for him': In Erdogan's old Istanbul neighbourhood, loyalties run deep" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France_24) (France 24) France 24  . Retrieved 4 January 2026 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=%27I+could+die+for+him%27%3A+In+Erdogan%27s+old+Istanbul+neighbourhood%2C+loyalties+run+deep&rft.date=2023-05-11&rft.aulast=Hamza&rft.aufirst=Assiya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2Fasia-pacific%2F20230511-do-not-publish-i-could-die-for-him-in-erdogan-s-old-istanbul-neighbourhood-loyalties-run-deep&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20180612163738/http://m.ensonhaber.com/recep-tayyip-erdoganin-hayati-2014-07-01.html) "Recep Tayyip Erdoğan'ın hayatı" (in Turkish). Ensonhaber. 1 July 2014. Archived from (http://m.ensonhaber.com/recep-tayyip-erdoganin-hayati-2014-07-01.html) the original on 12 June 2018. Retrieved 22 September 2017 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Recep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan%27%C4%B1n+hayat%C4%B1&rft.pub=Ensonhaber&rft.date=2014-07-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fm.ensonhaber.com%2Frecep-tayyip-erdoganin-hayati-2014-07-01.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)  (./Category:CS1_Turkish-language_sources_(tr))    ↑   (http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/kible-dagi-caminin-insaati-bitti-acilisi-erdogan-yapacak-29732329) Kıble Dağı Cami'nin inşaatı bitti, açılışı Erdoğan yapacak (https://web.archive.org/web/20160203081939/http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/kible-dagi-caminin-insaati-bitti-acilisi-erdogan-yapacak-29732329) Archived 3 February 2016 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)  Hürriyet Daily News , 5 August 2015  1  2  3   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/2270642.stm) "Turkey's charismatic pro-Islamic leader" . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Life+story&rft.pub=AK+Parti+Official+Web+Site&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.akparti.org.tr%2Fenglish%2Fyonetim%2Fgenel-baskan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/913988/Recep-Tayyip-Erdogan) "Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britannica_Online_Encyclopedia) (Britannica Online Encyclopedia) Britannica Online Encyclopedia  . (https://web.archive.org/web/20100415182732/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/913988/Recep-Tayyip-Erdogan) Archived from the original on 15 April 2010. Retrieved 29 August 2008 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Recep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan&rft.btitle=Britannica+Online+Encyclopedia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2FEBchecked%2Ftopic%2F913988%2FRecep-Tayyip-Erdogan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Klaiber, Timo. (https://www.europlan-online.de/recep-tayyip-erdo%2526%2523287an-stadyumu/stadion-5616.html) "Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Stadyumu" . Europlan-Online . (https://web.archive.org/web/20201101155138/https://www.europlan-online.de/recep-tayyip-erdo%2526%2523287an-stadyumu/stadion-5616.html) Archived from the original on 1 November 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Europlan-Online&rft.atitle=Recep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan+Stadyumu&rft.aulast=Klaiber&rft.aufirst=Timo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.europlan-online.de%2Frecep-tayyip-erdo%252526%252523287an-stadyumu%2Fstadion-5616.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.dw.com/en/turkeys-imam-beckenbauer-recep-tayyip-erdogan-applies-for-euro-2024/a-43558633) "Turkey's 'Imam Beckenbauer,' Recep Tayyip Erdogan, applies for Euro 2024" . Deutsche Welle. (https://web.archive.org/web/20201104024730/https://www.dw.com/en/turkeys-imam-beckenbauer-recep-tayyip-erdogan-applies-for-euro-2024/a-43558633) Archived from the original on 4 November 2020. Retrieved 30 October 2020 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Turkey%27s+%27Imam+Beckenbauer%2C%27+Recep+Tayyip+Erdogan%2C+applies+for+Euro+2024&rft.pub=Deutsche+Welle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fturkeys-imam-beckenbauer-recep-tayyip-erdogan-applies-for-euro-2024%2Fa-43558633&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (http://www.eurasiareview.com/05092015-the-naqshbandi-khalidi-order-and-political-islam-in-turkey-analysis/) Eurasia Review: "The Naqshbandi-Khalidi Order And Political Islam In Turkey – Analysis" By Hudson Institute (https://web.archive.org/web/20181125115800/http://www.eurasiareview.com/05092015-the-naqshbandi-khalidi-order-and-political-islam-in-turkey-analysis/) Archived 25 November 2018 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)  5 September 2015  ↑   (http://file.insightturkey.com/Files/Pdf/15_2_2013_heper.pdf) Insight Turkey: "Islam, Conservatism, and Democracy in Turkey: Comparing Turgut Özal and Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" by METİN HEPER (https://web.archive.org/web/20160304095616/http://file.insightturkey.com/Files/Pdf/15_2_2013_heper.pdf) Archived 4 March 2016 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)  15 February 2013  1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20191115005654/https://tr.boell.org/sites/default/files/ays-tarihvakfi-18x24-boll-r7-eng.pdf) "Who's who in Politics in Turkey" (PDF) . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Böll) (Heinrich Böll) Heinrich Böll Stiftung . p. 215. Archived from (https://tr.boell.org/sites/default/files/ays-tarihvakfi-18x24-boll-r7-eng.pdf) the original (PDF) on 15 November 2019. Retrieved 27 November 2022 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Heinrich+B%C3%B6ll+Stiftung&rft.atitle=Who%27s+who+in+Politics+in+Turkey&rft.pages=215&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftr.boell.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fays-tarihvakfi-18x24-boll-r7-eng.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_van_Bruinessen) (Martin van Bruinessen) Martin van Bruinessen (2018). (https://doi.org/10.4000%2Fejts.5964) "The Governance of Islam in Two Secular Polities: Turkey's Diyanet and Indonesia's Ministry of Religious Affairs" . European Journal of Turkish Studies . 27 (27). 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Turkish+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Governance+of+Islam+in+Two+Secular+Polities%3A+Turkey%27s+Diyanet+and+Indonesia%27s+Ministry+of+Religious+Affairs&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=27&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F7999641981&rft.issn=1773-0546&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4000%2Fejts.5964&rft.au=Martin+van+Bruinessen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.4000%252Fejts.5964&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)  on (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revues.org) (Revues.org) Revues.org website (at n. 55 of the paper).  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Phillips, David (20 April 2017). An uncertain ally : Turkey under Erdoğan's dictatorship . New Jersey: Transaction Publishers. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4128-6545-6) (Special:BookSources/978-1-4128-6545-6) 978-1-4128-6545-6  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+uncertain+ally+%3A+Turkey+under+Erdo%C4%9Fan%27s+dictatorship&rft.place=New+Jersey&rft.pub=Transaction+Publishers&rft.date=2017-04-20&rft.isbn=978-1-4128-6545-6&rft.aulast=Phillips&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://www.eyupsultan.gov.tr/eyup-anadolu-lisesi-) "Cumhurbaşkanımız Sayın Recep Tayyip Erdoğan'ın da Mezun Olduğu, 107 Yıllık Tarihi Eyüp Anadolu Lisesi, Yeni Yüzüyle Eğitim Hayatına Devam Ediyor" . www.eyupsultan.gov.tr . Retrieved 12 November 2023 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.eyupsultan.gov.tr&rft.atitle=Cumhurba%C5%9Fkan%C4%B1m%C4%B1z+Say%C4%B1n+Recep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan%27%C4%B1n+da+Mezun+Oldu%C4%9Fu%2C+107+Y%C4%B1ll%C4%B1k+Tarihi+Ey%C3%BCp+Anadolu+Lisesi%2C+Yeni+Y%C3%BCz%C3%BCyle+E%C4%9Fitim+Hayat%C4%B1na+Devam+Ediyor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eyupsultan.gov.tr%2Feyup-anadolu-lisesi-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.toplumsal.com.tr/erdogan-eyup-lisesine-hic-gitmedi) " "Erdoğan Eyüp Lisesi'ne hiç gitmedi!" " . Toplumsal Haber (in Turkish). 25 March 2023. Retrieved 12 November 2023 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Recep+Tayyip+Erdogan%3A+Hat+er+sein+Diplom+gef%C3%A4lscht%3F&rft.pub=Der+Spiegel&rft.date=2022-06-08&rft.aulast=Erzeren&rft.aufirst=%C3%96mer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Flebenundlernen%2Funi%2Frecep-tayyip-erdogan-hat-er-sein-diplom-gefaelscht-a-1098259.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Mustafa Akyol (31 October 2010). (https://web.archive.org/web/20101102151408/http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/n.php?n=the-making-of-tayyip-erdogan-2010-10-31) "The making of Turkey's prime minister" . Hürriyet Daily News . Archived from (http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/n.php?n=the-making-of-tayyip-erdogan-2010-10-31) the original on 2 November 2010. Retrieved 31 October 2010 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=H%C3%BCrriyet+Daily+News&rft.atitle=The+making+of+Turkey%27s+prime+minister&rft.date=2010-10-31&rft.au=Mustafa+Akyol&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hurriyetdailynews.com%2Fn.php%3Fn%3Dthe-making-of-tayyip-erdogan-2010-10-31&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.biyografya.com/biyografi/15508) "Recep Tayyip Erdoğan" . www.biyografya.com . (https://web.archive.org/web/20220331205112/https://www.biyografya.com/biyografi/15508) Archived from the original on 31 March 2022. Retrieved 31 March 2022 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+leadership+and+Erdo%C4%9Fan&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=Cambridge+Scholars+Publishing%3B+Unabridged+edition&rft.date=2018-02-27&rft.isbn=978-1-5275-0627-5&rft.aulast=Akdogan&rft.aufirst=Yalcin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Trezza, Matt (20 July 2016). (https://www.huffpost.com/entry/three-freedoms-erdogan-sc_b_11029016) "Three Freedoms Erdogan Scorns but Saved His Regime" . Huffington Post . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=Three+Freedoms+Erdogan+Scorns+but+Saved+His+Regime&rft.date=2016-07-20&rft.aulast=Trezza&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffpost.com%2Fentry%2Fthree-freedoms-erdogan-sc_b_11029016&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20100609035001/http://www.worldleaders.columbia.edu/participants/recep-tayyip-erdo%C4%9F) "Recep Tayyip Erdoğan participated in the World Leaders Forum event, Turkey's Role in Shaping the Future, in November 2008" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_University) (Columbia University) Columbia University . 12 November 2008. Archived from (http://www.worldleaders.columbia.edu/participants/recep-tayyip-erdo%C4%9F) the original on 9 June 2010. Retrieved 12 November 2008 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=S%C3%B6zc%C3%BC&rft.atitle=100+milyar+dolarl%C4%B1k+yolsuzluk&rft.date=2013-12-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsozcu.com.tr%2F2013%2Fgundem%2F100-milyar-dolarlik-yolsuzluk-430737%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)  (./Category:CS1_Turkish-language_sources_(tr))    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://www.milliyet.com.tr/yolsuzluk-operasyonunun-maliyeti-10/gundem/detay/1809059/default.htm) "Yolsuzluk operasyonunun maliyeti 100 milyar Euro" [ Corruption operation costs 100 billion euros] . Milliyet (in Turkish). 17 December 2013. (https://web.archive.org/web/20180811110936/http://www.milliyet.com.tr/yolsuzluk-operasyonunun-maliyeti-10/gundem/detay/1809059/default.htm) Archived from the original on 11 August 2018. Retrieved 3 December 2014 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Official+Results+%E2%80%93+21+October+2007+Constitutional+Referendum&rft.pub=Supreme+Election+Board+%28YSK%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ysk.gov.tr%2Fysk%2Fdocs%2F2007Referandum%2FSonuc%2Fsonucgrafik.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)  (./Category:CS1_Turkish-language_sources_(tr))    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://archive.wikiwix.com/cache/20090218223617/http://arsiv.ntvmsnbc.com/news/475685.asp) "AKP'nin Anayasa hedefi 15 madde" [ AKP targets article 15 of the Constitution] . NTVMSNBC (in Turkish). 17 February 2009. Archived from (http://arsiv.ntvmsnbc.com/news/475685.asp) the original on 18 February 2009. Retrieved 17 February 2009 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Turkey+Plans+to+Ease+Restrictions+on+Kurds+and+Help+End+Decades+of+Conflict&rft.date=2009-11-13&rft.aulast=Arsu&rft.aufirst=Sebnem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F11%2F14%2Fworld%2Feurope%2F14kurds.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0108054.html?pageno=4) "Attempts to Improve the Government" . infoplease.com. (https://web.archive.org/web/20130511023019/http://www.infoplease.com/ipa/A0108054.html?pageno=4) Archived from the original on 11 May 2013. Retrieved 28 July 2012 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Attempts+to+Improve+the+Government&rft.pub=infoplease.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.infoplease.com%2Fipa%2FA0108054.html%3Fpageno%3D4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (Paid subscription required) (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/turkey/8910369/Turkey-apologises-for-1930s-killing-of-thousands-of-Kurds.html) "Turkey apologises for 1930s killing of thousands of Kurds"  . The Telegraph . London. 24 November 2011. (https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/turkey/8910369/Turkey-apologises-for-1930s-killing-of-thousands-of-Kurds.html) Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 24 November 2011 . 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(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-83860-858-3) (Special:BookSources/978-1-83860-858-3) 978-1-83860-858-3  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Frontline+Turkey%3A+The+Conflict+at+the+Heart+of+the+Middle+East&rft.pages=129&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2017-09-22&rft.isbn=978-1-83860-858-3&rft.aulast=Basaran&rft.aufirst=Ezgi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-turkey-kurds-idUSKCN0Q20UV20150728) "Turkey's Erdogan: peace process with Kurdish militants impossible" . Reuters. 28 July 2015. (https://web.archive.org/web/20200810083747/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-turkey-kurds-idUSKCN0Q20UV20150728) Archived from the original on 10 August 2020. Retrieved 14 May 2020 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Turkey%27s+Erdogan%3A+peace+process+with+Kurdish+militants+impossible&rft.date=2015-07-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-mideast-crisis-turkey-kurds-idUSKCN0Q20UV20150728&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.crisisgroup.org/content/turkeys-pkk-conflict-visual-explainer) "Turkey's PKK Conflict: A Visual Explainer" . www.crisisgroup.org . 18 July 2022. (https://web.archive.org/web/20221115122154/https://www.crisisgroup.org/content/turkeys-pkk-conflict-visual-explainer) Archived from the original on 15 November 2022. Retrieved 16 November 2022 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.crisisgroup.org&rft.atitle=Turkey%27s+PKK+Conflict%3A+A+Visual+Explainer&rft.date=2022-07-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.crisisgroup.org%2Fcontent%2Fturkeys-pkk-conflict-visual-explainer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Bilginsoy, Zeynep. (https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/explainer-istanbul-blast-political-implications-93281106) "EXPLAINER: Why Istanbul blast has political implications" . ABC News . (https://web.archive.org/web/20221126051450/https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/explainer-istanbul-blast-political-implications-93281106) Archived from the original on 26 November 2022. Retrieved 15 November 2022 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=H%C3%BCrriyet+Daily+News&rft.atitle=Turkish+PM+storms+out+of+Davos%27+Gaza+session%2C+slams+moderator&rft.date=2009-01-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hurriyet.com.tr%2Fenglish%2Fworld%2F10887282.asp%3Fgid%3D244&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20160423084827/http://www.haaretz.com/news/turkish-pm-israel-is-the-main-threat-to-mideast-peace-1.901) "Turkish PM: Israel is the main threat to Mideast peace" . Haaretz . Archived from (https://www.haaretz.com/news/turkish-pm-israel-is-the-main-threat-to-mideast-peace-1.901) the original on 23 April 2016. Retrieved 8 September 2010 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=Erdogan+calls+Zionism+a+%27crime+against+humanity%27&rft.date=2013-02-28&rft.aulast=Kalman&rft.aufirst=Aaron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Ferdogan-calls-zionism-a-crime-against-humanity%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2013/Mar-20/210853-erdogan-says-comments-on-zionism-misunderstood.ashx) "Erdogan says comments on Zionism 'misunderstood' " . The Lebanon Daily Star . Agence Presse France. 20 March 2013. (https://web.archive.org/web/20141206010642/http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2013/Mar-20/210853-erdogan-says-comments-on-zionism-misunderstood.ashx) Archived from the original on 6 December 2014. Retrieved 3 December 2014 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Turkey+backs+Sharaa%27s+stability+efforts%2C+Erdogan+says+amid+Syrian+violence&rft.date=2025-03-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fturkey-backs-sharaas-stability-efforts-erdogan-says-amid-syrian-violence-2025-03-10%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://www.neurope.eu/articles/92934.php) "Turkey, Saudi Arabia increase cooperation" . New Europe . 16 February 2009. Retrieved 14 June 2011 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Egypt+and+Turkey%2C+an+Axis+against+Democracy%3F&rft.date=2011-09-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdemocrati.net%2F2011%2F09%2F30%2Fegypt-and-turkey-an-axis-against-democracy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.reuters.com/article/us-egypt-protests-reaction/u-s-condemns-killings-of-egypt-protesters-turkey-wants-u-n-action-idUSBRE97D11920130814) "U.S. condemns killings of Egypt protesters, Turkey wants U.N. action" . Reuters . 14 August 2013. (https://web.archive.org/web/20200628212427/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-egypt-protests-reaction/u-s-condemns-killings-of-egypt-protesters-turkey-wants-u-n-action-idUSBRE97D11920130814) Archived from the original on 28 June 2020. Retrieved 12 July 2020 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Republic+of+Turkey+Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs&rft.atitle=From+Rep.+of+Turkey+Ministry+of+Foreign+Affairs&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mfa.gov.tr%2Fno_-248_-1-november-2011_-press-release-regarding-the-re-opening-of-the-turkish-embassy-in-mogadishu.en.mfa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    1  2  3   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Rasna Warah (1 April 2012). (https://web.archive.org/web/20131110212547/http://www.nation.co.ke/oped/Opinion/Why-Turkish-aid-model-is-proving-to-be-a-success-/-/440808/1378016/-/item/0/-/7rmpkt/-/index.html) "Why Turkish aid model is proving to be a success in Somalia and elsewhere" . Saturday Nation . Archived from (http://www.nation.co.ke/oped/Opinion/Why-Turkish-aid-model-is-proving-to-be-a-success-/-/440808/1378016/-/item/0/-/7rmpkt/-/index.html) the original on 10 November 2013. Retrieved 4 December 2014 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Turkish+Official+Apologizes+for+Force+Used+at+Start+of+Riots&rft.date=2013-06-04&rft.aulast=Arsu&rft.aufirst=Sebnem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F06%2F05%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fturkey-riots.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Arango, Tim; Arsu, Sebnem; Yeginsu, Ceylan (15 June 2013). (https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/16/world/europe/protesters-in-turkey.html) "Police Storm Park in Istanbul, Setting Off a Night of Chaos" . The New York Times . (https://web.archive.org/web/20171205180954/http://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/16/world/europe/protesters-in-turkey.html) Archived from the original on 5 December 2017. Retrieved 18 June 2013 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Police+Storm+Park+in+Istanbul%2C+Setting+Off+a+Night+of+Chaos&rft.date=2013-06-15&rft.aulast=Arango&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft.au=Arsu%2C+Sebnem&rft.au=Yeginsu%2C+Ceylan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F06%2F16%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fprotesters-in-turkey.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2014/8/10/erdogan-set-for-victory-in-presidential-poll) "Erdogan set for victory in presidential poll" . Al Jazeera. 10 August 2014. (https://web.archive.org/web/20230404172010/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2014/8/10/erdogan-set-for-victory-in-presidential-poll) Archived from the original on 4 April 2023. Retrieved 17 January 2022 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Erdogan+set+for+victory+in+presidential+poll&rft.date=2014-08-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2014%2F8%2F10%2Ferdogan-set-for-victory-in-presidential-poll&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20150212222511/http://nediyor.com/2014/08/14/dusuk-oy-elestirilerine-peygamberli-yanit-iddiasi/) "Düşük oy eleştirilerine "Peygamber"li yanıt iddiası" . nediyor.com . Archived from (http://nediyor.com/2014/08/14/dusuk-oy-elestirilerine-peygamberli-yanit-iddiasi/) the original on 12 February 2015. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nediyor.com&rft.atitle=D%C3%BC%C5%9F%C3%BCk+oy+ele%C5%9Ftirilerine+%22Peygamber%22li+yan%C4%B1t+iddias%C4%B1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnediyor.com%2F2014%2F08%2F14%2Fdusuk-oy-elestirilerine-peygamberli-yanit-iddiasi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://www.cnnturk.com/haber/turkiye/erdogan-secilirsem-tarafsiz-olmayacagim) "Erdoğan: "Seçilirsem tarafsız olmayacağım" " [ Erdoğan: "I will not be impartial if selected"] . CNNTürk (in Turkish). 7 August 2014. (https://web.archive.org/web/20141013031659/http://www.cnnturk.com/haber/turkiye/erdogan-secilirsem-tarafsiz-olmayacagim) Archived from the original on 13 October 2014. Retrieved 3 December 2014 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNNT%C3%BCrk&rft.atitle=Erdo%C4%9Fan%3A+%22Se%C3%A7ilirsem+tarafs%C4%B1z+olmayaca%C4%9F%C4%B1m%22&rft.date=2014-08-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnnturk.com%2Fhaber%2Fturkiye%2Ferdogan-secilirsem-tarafsiz-olmayacagim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)  (./Category:CS1_Turkish-language_sources_(tr))    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Ozerkan, Fulya; Williams, Stuart (11 August 2014). (https://news.yahoo.com/erdogan-vows-strong-turkey-final-election-rally-174303362.html) "Turkey's Erdogan prepares for strongman president role" . Yahoo! News. (https://web.archive.org/web/20141014024833/http://news.yahoo.com/erdogan-vows-strong-turkey-final-election-rally-174303362.html) Archived from the original on 14 October 2014. Retrieved 27 November 2014 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=New+Turkish+Cabinet+Shows+Continuity+With+Erdogan+Legacy&rft.date=2014-08-29&rft.au=Yeliz+Candemir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fnew-turkish-cabinet-shows-continuity-with-erdogan-legacy-1409312847&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Zeynep Gürcanlı (1 July 2014). (http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/26720140.asp) "Erdoğan'ın seçim logosu sosyal medyayı karıştırdı" [ Erdoğan's logo stirs social media] . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hürriyet_Daily_News) (Hürriyet Daily News) Hürriyet Daily News  . (https://web.archive.org/web/20151018172550/http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/26720140.asp) Archived from the original on 18 October 2015. Retrieved 26 March 2015 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=euronews&rft.atitle=Could+Imamoglu+victory+in+Istanbul+be+%27beginning+of+the+end%27+for+Erdogan%3F&rft.date=2019-06-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.euronews.com%2F2019%2F06%2F24%2Fcould-imamoglu-victory-in-istanbul-be-beginning-of-the-end-for-erdogan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Ellyatt, Holly (24 June 2019). (https://www.cnbc.com/2019/06/24/turkeys-erdogan-suffers-election-blow-but-vote-sparks-hope-for-change.html) "Turkey's Erdogan suffers election blow, sparking hope for change" . CNBC. (https://web.archive.org/web/20201108002733/https://www.cnbc.com/2019/06/24/turkeys-erdogan-suffers-election-blow-but-vote-sparks-hope-for-change.html) Archived from the original on 8 November 2020. Retrieved 28 October 2020 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Turkey%27s+Erdogan+suffers+election+blow%2C+sparking+hope+for+change&rft.pub=CNBC&rft.date=2019-06-24&rft.aulast=Ellyatt&rft.aufirst=Holly&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2019%2F06%2F24%2Fturkeys-erdogan-suffers-election-blow-but-vote-sparks-hope-for-change.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Gall, Carlotta (23 June 2019). (https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/23/world/europe/istanbul-mayor-election-erdogan.html) "Turkey's President Suffers Stinging Defeat in Istanbul Election Redo" . The New York Times . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) (ISSN (identifier)) ISSN  (https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) 0362-4331 . (https://web.archive.org/web/20190806102800/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/06/23/world/europe/istanbul-mayor-election-erdogan.html) Archived from the original on 6 August 2019. Retrieved 6 August 2019 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Turkey%27s+President+Suffers+Stinging+Defeat+in+Istanbul+Election+Redo&rft.date=2019-06-23&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Gall&rft.aufirst=Carlotta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F06%2F23%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fistanbul-mayor-election-erdogan.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.dw.com/en/turkeys-recep-tayyip-erdogan-uses-new-zealand-attack-video-at-campaign-rally/a-47959569) "Turkey's Recep Tayyip Erdogan uses New Zealand attack video at campaign rally" . Deutsche Welle. 18 March 2019. (https://web.archive.org/web/20190319164811/https://www.dw.com/en/turkeys-recep-tayyip-erdogan-uses-new-zealand-attack-video-at-campaign-rally/a-47959569) Archived from the original on 19 March 2019. Retrieved 20 March 2019 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Turkey%27s+Recep+Tayyip+Erdogan+uses+New+Zealand+attack+video+at+campaign+rally&rft.date=2019-03-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fturkeys-recep-tayyip-erdogan-uses-new-zealand-attack-video-at-campaign-rally%2Fa-47959569&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.sbs.com.au/news/deeply-offended-pm-demands-turkey-s-erdogan-withdraws-gallipoli-coffins-comment) " 'Deeply offended' PM demands Turkey's Erdogan withdraws Gallipoli 'coffins' comment" . SBS News . 20 March 2019. (https://web.archive.org/web/20190322073522/https://www.sbs.com.au/news/deeply-offended-pm-demands-turkey-s-erdogan-withdraws-gallipoli-coffins-comment) Archived from the original on 22 March 2019. Retrieved 20 March 2019 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SBS+News&rft.atitle=%27Deeply+offended%27+PM+demands+Turkey%27s+Erdogan+withdraws+Gallipoli+%27coffins%27+comment&rft.date=2019-03-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sbs.com.au%2Fnews%2Fdeeply-offended-pm-demands-turkey-s-erdogan-withdraws-gallipoli-coffins-comment&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/erdogans-ak-saray-likened-to-alamut-castle-ceausescus-palace.aspx?pageID=238&nID=73936&NewsCatID=338#) Erdoğan's 'Ak Saray' likened to Alamut Castle, Ceausescu's Palace (https://web.archive.org/web/20141116175533/http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/erdogans-ak-saray-likened-to-alamut-castle-ceausescus-palace.aspx?PageID=238&NID=73936&NewsCatID=338) Archived 16 November 2014 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)  (hurriyetdailynews.com. 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Turkis+Leader%2C+Using+Conflicts%2C+Cements+Power&rft.date=2014-10-31&rft.au=Tim+Arango&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmobile.nytimes.com%2F2014%2F11%2F01%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Ferdogan-uses-conflict-to-consolidate-power.html%3Freferrer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Christopher Cameron (1 November 2014). (http://therealdeal.com/blog/2014/11/01/turkish-president-drops-350m-on-new-palace/) "Turkish President drops $350m on new palace" . The Real Deal: New York Real Estate News . (https://web.archive.org/web/20160106051014/http://therealdeal.com/blog/2014/11/01/turkish-president-drops-350m-on-new-palace/) Archived from the original on 6 January 2016. Retrieved 27 November 2014 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Real+Deal%3A+New+York+Real+Estate+News&rft.atitle=Turkish+President+drops+%24350m+on+new+palace&rft.date=2014-11-01&rft.au=Christopher+Cameron&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftherealdeal.com%2Fblog%2F2014%2F11%2F01%2Fturkish-president-drops-350m-on-new-palace%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/haber/turkiye/136319/Erdogan_dan__Kac-Ak_Saray__icin_yorum.html) "Erdoğan'dan 'Kaç-Ak Saray' için yorum" [ How Erdoğan's 'illegal palace' looks] . Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). 1 November 2014. (https://web.archive.org/web/20160304124218/http://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/haber/turkiye/136319/Erdogan_dan__Kac-Ak_Saray__icin_yorum.html) Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2014 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cumhuriyet&rft.atitle=Erdo%C4%9Fan%27dan+%27Ka%C3%A7-Ak+Saray%27+i%C3%A7in+yorum&rft.date=2014-11-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cumhuriyet.com.tr%2Fhaber%2Fturkiye%2F136319%2FErdogan_dan__Kac-Ak_Saray__icin_yorum.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)  (./Category:CS1_Turkish-language_sources_(tr))    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20141125103048/http://www.todayszaman.com/national_critical-media-block-imposed-on-ak-saray-opening-amid-graft-concerns_362922.html) "Critical media block imposed on 'Ak Saray' amid opening graft concerns" . Today's Zaman . 29 October 2014. Archived from (http://www.todayszaman.com/national_critical-media-block-imposed-on-ak-saray-opening-amid-graft-concerns_362922.html) the original on 25 November 2014. Retrieved 27 November 2014 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Today%27s+Zaman&rft.atitle=Critical+media+block+imposed+on+%27Ak+Saray%27+amid+opening+graft+concerns&rft.date=2014-10-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.todayszaman.com%2Fnational_critical-media-block-imposed-on-ak-saray-opening-amid-graft-concerns_362922.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/video/video/136120/Kac-Ak_Saray_a_mehterli_tanitim.html) "Kaç-Ak Saray'a mehterli tanıtım" [ "Illegal" palace promotional material] . Cumhuriyet (in Turkish). 31 October 2014. (https://web.archive.org/web/20160303051432/http://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/video/video/136120/Kac-Ak_Saray_a_mehterli_tanitim.html) Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2014 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cumhuriyet&rft.atitle=Ka%C3%A7-Ak+Saray%27a+mehterli+tan%C4%B1t%C4%B1m&rft.date=2014-10-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cumhuriyet.com.tr%2Fvideo%2Fvideo%2F136120%2FKac-Ak_Saray_a_mehterli_tanitim.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)  (./Category:CS1_Turkish-language_sources_(tr))    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20141201150226/http://www.zaman.com.tr/gundem_ak-saray-alman-basininda_2254265.html) " 'Ak-Saray' Alman basınında" [ Ak Saray in the German press] . Zaman (in Turkish). 30 October 2014. Archived from (http://www.zaman.com.tr/gundem_ak-saray-alman-basininda_2254265.html) the original on 1 December 2014. Retrieved 3 December 2014 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Zaman&rft.atitle=%27Ak-Saray%27+Alman+bas%C4%B1n%C4%B1nda&rft.date=2014-10-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zaman.com.tr%2Fgundem_ak-saray-alman-basininda_2254265.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)  (./Category:CS1_Turkish-language_sources_(tr))    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Kadri Gursel (17 September 2014). (https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/09/turkey-erdogan-white-palace-presidential-residence.html) "Erdogan's $350m presidential palace" . Al-Monitor . (https://web.archive.org/web/20160321095805/http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/09/turkey-erdogan-white-palace-presidential-residence.html) Archived from the original on 21 March 2016. Retrieved 27 November 2014 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al-Monitor&rft.atitle=Erdogan%27s+%24350m+presidential+palace&rft.date=2014-09-17&rft.au=Kadri+Gursel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.al-monitor.com%2Fpulse%2Foriginals%2F2014%2F09%2Fturkey-erdogan-white-palace-presidential-residence.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/27477903.asp) "29 Ekim resepsiyonu iptal" [ 29 October reception cancelled] (in Turkish). 30 October 2014. (https://web.archive.org/web/20160302103334/http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/27477903.asp) Archived from the original on 2 March 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2014 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=29+Ekim+resepsiyonu+iptal&rft.date=2014-10-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hurriyet.com.tr%2Fgundem%2F27477903.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)  (./Category:CS1_Turkish-language_sources_(tr))    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Timur, Safak; Arango, Tim (4 March 2016). (https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/05/world/middleeast/recep-tayyip-erdogan-government-seizes-zaman-newspaper.html) "Turkey Seizes Newspaper, Zaman, as Press Crackdown Continues" . The New York Times . (https://web.archive.org/web/20220328155824/https://www.nytimes.com/2016/03/05/world/middleeast/recep-tayyip-erdogan-government-seizes-zaman-newspaper.html) Archived from the original on 28 March 2022. Retrieved 16 April 2022 . 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Retrieved 17 April 2022 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Turkey%27s+Erdogan+must+reform+or+resign&rft.date=2016-03-10&rft.aulast=Abramowitz&rft.aufirst=Mort&rft.au=Edelman%2C+Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fopinions%2Fturkeys-erdogan-must-reform-or-resign%2F2016%2F03%2F10%2F80cc9be2-dffe-11e5-9c36-e1902f6b6571_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://www.dw.com/en/european-parliament-slams-turkey-over-deterioration-of-rights-and-democracy/a-19189464) "European Parliament slams Turkey over deterioration of rights and democracy" . Deutsche Welle. 14 April 2016. (https://web.archive.org/web/20160414165834/http://www.dw.com/en/european-parliament-slams-turkey-over-deterioration-of-rights-and-democracy/a-19189464) Archived from the original on 14 April 2016. Retrieved 6 June 2015 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=European+Parliament+slams+Turkey+over+deterioration+of+rights+and+democracy&rft.pub=Deutsche+Welle&rft.date=2016-04-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Feuropean-parliament-slams-turkey-over-deterioration-of-rights-and-democracy%2Fa-19189464&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/erdogan-says-civil-society-groups-working-against-turkish-state-largely-destroyed.aspx?pageID=238&nID=100789&NewsCatID=338) "Erdoğan says 'civil society groups working against Turkish state' largely destroyed" . Hürriyet Daily News . 22 June 2016. (https://web.archive.org/web/20160623163101/http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/erdogan-says-civil-society-groups-working-against-turkish-state-largely-destroyed.aspx?pageID=238&nID=100789&NewsCatID=338) Archived from the original on 23 June 2016. 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Retrieved 23 June 2016 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Turkish+Sun&rft.atitle=Opponent+or+Terrorist%3F+The+dramatically+changing+nature+of+Turkish+democracy&rft.date=2016-06-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftheturkishsun.com%2Fopponent-or-terrorist-the-dramatically-changing-nature-of-turkish-democracy-20313%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://www.dw.com/en/reporters-without-borders-labels-erdogan-as-enemy-of-press-freedom/a-36228949) "Reporters Without Borders labels Erdogan as 'enemy of press freedom' " . Deutsche Welle. 2 November 2016. (https://web.archive.org/web/20161114004630/http://www.dw.com/en/reporters-without-borders-labels-erdogan-as-enemy-of-press-freedom/a-36228949) Archived from the original on 14 November 2016. Retrieved 13 November 2016 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reporters+Without+Borders+labels+Erdogan+as+%27enemy+of+press+freedom%27&rft.pub=Deutsche+Welle&rft.date=2016-11-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Freporters-without-borders-labels-erdogan-as-enemy-of-press-freedom%2Fa-36228949&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20140321092718/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/turkey-blocks-access-to-twitter/2014/03/20/7bad19d2-b08c-11e3-b8b3-44b1d1cd4c1f_story.html) "Turkey Blocks Twitter" . The Washington Post . 21 March 2014. Archived from (https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/turkey-blocks-access-to-twitter/2014/03/20/7bad19d2-b08c-11e3-b8b3-44b1d1cd4c1f_story.html) the original on 21 March 2014. Retrieved 27 November 2014 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Turkey+Blocks+Twitter&rft.date=2014-03-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle_east%2Fturkey-blocks-access-to-twitter%2F2014%2F03%2F20%2F7bad19d2-b08c-11e3-b8b3-44b1d1cd4c1f_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Shieber, Jonathan (29 April 2017). (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/apr/29/turkey-blocks-wikipedia-under-law-designed-to-protect-national-security) "Wikipedia has been blocked in Turkey" . The Guardian . (https://web.archive.org/web/20170805103010/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/apr/29/turkey-blocks-wikipedia-under-law-designed-to-protect-national-security) Archived from the original on 5 August 2017. Retrieved 29 April 2017 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Turkey+declares+a+state+of+emergency+for+three+months&rft.date=2016-07-20&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=Loveday&rft.au=Naylor%2C+Hugh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Fturkey-bans-all-academics-from-travelling-in-latest-post-coup-measures%2F2016%2F07%2F20%2Ff3498b44-4de5-11e6-bf27-405106836f96_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (http://www.wilx.com/content/news/Turkeys-parliament-approves-state-of-emergency-387811071.html) Turkey's parliament approves state of emergency (https://web.archive.org/web/20170203174713/http://www.wilx.com/content/news/Turkeys-parliament-approves-state-of-emergency-387811071.html) Archived 3 February 2017 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)  (21 July 2016, wilx.com)  1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-44881328) "Turkey ends state of emergency after two years" . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=Turkey%27s+Vote+Makes+Erdo%C4%9Fan+Effectively+a+Dictator&rft.date=2017-04-17&rft.aulast=Filkins&rft.aufirst=Dexter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fnews%2Fnews-desk%2Fturkeys-vote-makes-erdogan-effectively-a-dictator&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (http://www.publicseminar.org/2017/03/the-fall-of-turkish-democracy/) Ertug Tombus, "The Fall of Turkish Democracy" (https://web.archive.org/web/20180612163612/http://www.publicseminar.org/2017/03/the-fall-of-turkish-democracy/) Archived 12 June 2018 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)  , Publicseminar.org, 3 March 2017. 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yetkin+Report&rft.atitle=Turkish+parliament+postponed+Sweden%27s+NATO+accession+deliberations&rft.date=2023-11-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fyetkinreport.com%2Fen%2F2023%2F11%2F16%2Fturkish-parliament-postponed-swedens-nato-accession-deliberations%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/turkish-parliament-signals-new-delay-in-sweden-s-nato-bid-1.1999552) "Turkish Parliament Signals New Delay in Sweden's NATO Bid" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloomberg_News) (Bloomberg News) Bloomberg News . 16 November 2023. (https://web.archive.org/web/20240204050641/https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/turkish-parliament-signals-new-delay-in-sweden-s-nato-bid-1.1999552) Archived from the original on 4 February 2024. Retrieved 3 February 2024 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Sweden+must+join+Nato+soon+to+ward+off+Russian+threat%2C+says+defence+minister&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F60623878&rft.issn=1756-3224&rft.aulast=Bryant&rft.aufirst=Miranda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2023%2Fnov%2F22%2Fsweden-must-join-nato-soon-to-ward-off-russian-threat-says-defence-minister&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/12/26/turkey-sweden-nato/4ab84610-a3cc-11ee-aacb-6f873a65763e_story.html) "Sweden moves one step closer to NATO membership after Turkish parliamentary committee gives approval" . Washington Post . 26 December 2023. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) (ISSN (identifier)) ISSN  (https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286) 0190-8286 . Retrieved 26 December 2023 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Konferenca+e+Donator%C3%ABve+n%C3%AB+Turqi%2C+Rama-+Erdogan+takojn%C3%AB+biznesmen%C3%ABt+turq&rft.date=2019-12-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rtsh.al%2Flajme%2Fkonferenca-e-donatoreve-ne-turqi-rama-erdogan-takojne-biznesmenet-turq%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)  (./Category:CS1_Albanian-language_sources_(sq))  (./Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links)  (./Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_July_2022)  (./Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot) (Wikipedia:Link rot) (Dead link tagged July 2022) permanent dead link   ]     ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2023/09/turkeys-erdogan-backs-azerbaijans-offensive-nagorno-karabakh-us-russia-urge) "Turkey's Erdogan backs Azerbaijan's offensive in Nagorno-Karabakh, as US, Russia urge restraint" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Monitor) (Al-Monitor) Al-Monitor  . 19 September 2023. (https://web.archive.org/web/20230920072135/https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2023/09/turkeys-erdogan-backs-azerbaijans-offensive-nagorno-karabakh-us-russia-urge) Archived from the original on 20 September 2023. Retrieved 19 September 2023 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al-Monitor&rft.atitle=Turkey%27s+Erdogan+backs+Azerbaijan%27s+offensive+in+Nagorno-Karabakh%2C+as+US%2C+Russia+urge+restraint&rft.date=2023-09-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.al-monitor.com%2Foriginals%2F2023%2F09%2Fturkeys-erdogan-backs-azerbaijans-offensive-nagorno-karabakh-us-russia-urge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.dw.com/en/erdogan-visits-azerbaijan-after-nagorno-karabakh-cease-fire/a-66916267) "Erdogan visits Azerbaijan after Nagorno-Karabakh cease-fire – DW – 09/25/2023" . DW . (https://web.archive.org/web/20230925150958/https://www.dw.com/en/erdogan-visits-azerbaijan-after-nagorno-karabakh-cease-fire/a-66916267) Archived from the original on 25 September 2023. Retrieved 25 September 2023 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=DW&rft.atitle=Erdogan+visits+Azerbaijan+after+Nagorno-Karabakh+cease-fire+%E2%80%93+DW+%E2%80%93+09%2F25%2F2023&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Ferdogan-visits-azerbaijan-after-nagorno-karabakh-cease-fire%2Fa-66916267&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   "(https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/president-erdogan-theresa-may-post-brexit-trade-turkey-a8351531.html) Post-Brexit, the UK will need Turkey for trade – and Erdogan is using that to his advantage ". The Independent . 14 May 2018.  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Keinon, Herb (22 March 2014). (https://www.jpost.com/International/Obama-Netanyahu-Erdogan-speak-by-phone-307423) "Netanyahu apologizes to Turkey over Gaza flotilla" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post) (The Jerusalem Post) The Jerusalem Post  . Retrieved 30 August 2014 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Netanyahu+apologizes+to+Turkey+over+Gaza+flotilla&rft.date=2014-03-22&rft.aulast=Keinon&rft.aufirst=Herb&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FInternational%2FObama-Netanyahu-Erdogan-speak-by-phone-307423&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/turkish-prime-minister-says-israel-is-more-barbaric-than-hitler-9617145.html) "Turkish Prime Minister says Israel is 'more barbaric than Hitler' " . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Independent) (The Independent) The Independent  . 20 July 2014. Retrieved 4 December 2014 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Turkish+Prime+Minister+says+Israel+is+%27more+barbaric+than+Hitler%27&rft.date=2014-07-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fturkish-prime-minister-says-israel-is-more-barbaric-than-hitler-9617145.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Ben Solomon, Ariel (14 July 2014). (https://www.jpost.com/Operation-Protective-Edge/Erdogan-accuses-Israel-of-using-terrorism-in-its-operations-against-Hamas-in-Gaza-362759) "Erdogan accuses Israel of 'using terrorism' in its operations against Hamas in Gaza" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post) (The Jerusalem Post) The Jerusalem Post  . Retrieved 18 July 2014 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Erdogan+accuses+Israel+of+%27using+terrorism%27+in+its+operations+against+Hamas+in+Gaza&rft.date=2014-07-14&rft.aulast=Ben+Solomon&rft.aufirst=Ariel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FOperation-Protective-Edge%2FErdogan-accuses-Israel-of-using-terrorism-in-its-operations-against-Hamas-in-Gaza-362759&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2017/12/06/568748383/how-is-the-world-reacting-to-u-s-plan-to-recognize-jerusalem-as-israeli-capital?t=1564929890877) "How The World Is Reacting To Trump Recognizing Jerusalem As Israel's Capital" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPR) (NPR) NPR . 6 December 2017. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=How+The+World+Is+Reacting+To+Trump+Recognizing+Jerusalem+As+Israel%27s+Capital&rft.date=2017-12-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fsections%2Fthetwo-way%2F2017%2F12%2F06%2F568748383%2Fhow-is-the-world-reacting-to-u-s-plan-to-recognize-jerusalem-as-israeli-capital%3Ft%3D1564929890877&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-42232158) "Jerusalem: Turkey warns Trump against crossing 'red line' " . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_News) (BBC News) BBC News  . 5 December 2017. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Jerusalem%3A+Turkey+warns+Trump+against+crossing+%27red+line%27&rft.date=2017-12-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-42232158&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   "(https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2017/12/erdogan-israel-terrorist-state-171211085734826.html) Erdogan: Israel is a terrorist state ". Al Jazeera. 11 December 2017.  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.reuters.com/article/us-israel-palestinian-settlements-turkey/turkeys-erdogan-says-west-bank-belongs-to-palestinians-idUSKCN1RK0N9) "Turkey's Erdogan says West Bank belongs to Palestinians" . Reuters . 8 April 2019. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Turkey%27s+Erdogan+says+West+Bank+belongs+to+Palestinians&rft.date=2019-04-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-israel-palestinian-settlements-turkey%2Fturkeys-erdogan-says-west-bank-belongs-to-palestinians-idUSKCN1RK0N9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Butler, Daren; Gumrukcu, Tuvan (14 August 2020). (https://www.reuters.com/article/us-israel-emirates-turkey/turkey-may-suspend-ties-with-uae-over-israel-deal-erdogan-says-idUSKCN25A0ON) "Turkey may suspend ties with UAE over Israel deal, Erdogan says" . Reuters . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Turkey+may+suspend+ties+with+UAE+over+Israel+deal%2C+Erdogan+says&rft.date=2020-08-14&rft.aulast=Butler&rft.aufirst=Daren&rft.au=Gumrukcu%2C+Tuvan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-israel-emirates-turkey%2Fturkey-may-suspend-ties-with-uae-over-israel-deal-erdogan-says-idUSKCN25A0ON&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Wilks, Andrew. (https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/6/23/turkey-playing-a-balancing-act-between-tel-aviv-and-tehran) "Turkey 'playing a balancing act' between Tel Aviv and Tehran" . Al Jazeera . Retrieved 17 August 2022 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Turkey+%27playing+a+balancing+act%27+between+Tel+Aviv+and+Tehran&rft.aulast=Wilks&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2022%2F6%2F23%2Fturkey-playing-a-balancing-act-between-tel-aviv-and-tehran&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/article-700676) "Herzog advances Israel-Turkey ties in meeting with Erdogan" . The Jerusalem Post | Jpost.com . Retrieved 17 August 2022 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post+%26%23124%3B+Jpost.com&rft.atitle=Herzog+advances+Israel-Turkey+ties+in+meeting+with+Erdogan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2Fisrael-news%2Farticle-700676&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/8/17/turkey-israel-to-restore-full-diplomatic-relations) "Turkey, Israel to restore full diplomatic relations" . Al Jazeera . Retrieved 17 August 2022 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Turkey%2C+Israel+to+restore+full+diplomatic+relations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2022%2F8%2F17%2Fturkey-israel-to-restore-full-diplomatic-relations&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.turkishminute.com/2023/10/11/erdogans-criticism-of-israeli-airstrike-branded-hypocrisy-over-turkish-bombing-of-kurds-in-syria/) "Erdoğan's criticism of Israeli airstrikes branded as hypocrisy over Turkish bombing of Kurds in Syria" . TURKISH MINUTE. 11 October 2023. Retrieved 12 October 2023 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Erdo%C4%9Fan%27s+criticism+of+Israeli+airstrikes+branded+as+hypocrisy+over+Turkish+bombing+of+Kurds+in+Syria&rft.date=2023-10-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.turkishminute.com%2F2023%2F10%2F11%2Ferdogans-criticism-of-israeli-airstrike-branded-hypocrisy-over-turkish-bombing-of-kurds-in-syria%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/10/11/turkeys-erdogan-calls-israeli-siege-and-bombing-of-gaza-a-massacre) "Turkey's Erdogan calls Israeli siege and bombing of Gaza a 'massacre' " . Al Jazeera . 11 October 2023. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Turkey%27s+Erdogan+calls+Israeli+siege+and+bombing+of+Gaza+a+%27massacre%27&rft.date=2023-10-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2023%2F10%2F11%2Fturkeys-erdogan-calls-israeli-siege-and-bombing-of-gaza-a-massacre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/turkeys-erdogan-says-hamas-is-not-terrorist-organisation-2023-10-25/) "Turkey's Erdogan says Hamas is not terrorist organisation, cancels trip to Israel" . Reuters . 25 October 2023. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Turkey%27s+Erdogan+says+Hamas+is+not+terrorist+organisation%2C+cancels+trip+to+Israel&rft.date=2023-10-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fturkeys-erdogan-says-hamas-is-not-terrorist-organisation-2023-10-25%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.aa.com.tr/en/turkiye/turkiye-to-ensure-those-responsible-for-gaza-massacre-face-trial-in-international-courts-turkish-president/3054444) "Türkiye to ensure those responsible for Gaza massacre face trial in international courts: Turkish president" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anadolu_Agency) (Anadolu Agency) Anadolu Agency  . 15 November 2023. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anadolu+Agency&rft.atitle=T%C3%BCrkiye+to+ensure+those+responsible+for+Gaza+massacre+face+trial+in+international+courts%3A+Turkish+president&rft.date=2023-11-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aa.com.tr%2Fen%2Fturkiye%2Fturkiye-to-ensure-those-responsible-for-gaza-massacre-face-trial-in-international-courts-turkish-president%2F3054444&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/7/29/hitler-vs-saddam-war-of-words-as-turkey-threatens-to-enter-israel) "War of words as Erdogan says Turkey could intervene in Israel's war on Gaza" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Jazeera) (Al Jazeera) Al Jazeera . 29 July 2024. Retrieved 10 July 2026 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=War+of+words+as+Erdogan+says+Turkey+could+intervene+in+Israel%E2%80%99s+war+on+Gaza&rft.pub=Al+Jazeera&rft.date=2024-07-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2024%2F7%2F29%2Fhitler-vs-saddam-war-of-words-as-turkey-threatens-to-enter-israel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/turkey-has-increased-border-security-amid-iran-israel-conflict-sees-no-migrant-2025-06-19/) "Turkey ups border security as Iran-Israel conflict rages" . Reuters . 19 June 2025. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Turkey+ups+border+security+as+Iran-Israel+conflict+rages&rft.date=2025-06-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fturkey-has-increased-border-security-amid-iran-israel-conflict-sees-no-migrant-2025-06-19%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.internethaber.com/ahmet-davutoglu-8-yil-sonra-konustu-3-saat-bas-basa-gorustum-2103235h.htm) "Ahmet Davutoğlu 8 yıl sonra konuştu 3 saat baş başa görüştüm" . Internethaber (in Turkish). 20 May 2020. Retrieved 22 September 2022 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Internethaber&rft.atitle=Ahmet+Davuto%C4%9Flu+8+y%C4%B1l+sonra+konu%C5%9Ftu+3+saat+ba%C5%9F+ba%C5%9Fa+g%C3%B6r%C3%BC%C5%9Ft%C3%BCm&rft.date=2020-05-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.internethaber.com%2Fahmet-davutoglu-8-yil-sonra-konustu-3-saat-bas-basa-gorustum-2103235h.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)  (./Category:CS1_Turkish-language_sources_(tr))    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Aydin, Enis (15 August 2022). (https://middleeasttransparent.com/en/former-head-of-akp-davutoglu-on-erdogans-syria-u-turn-putin-is-coercing-turkey/) "Former Head of AKP Davutoğlu on Erdogan's Syria U-turn: "Putin is coercing Turkey" -" . Middle East Transparent . Retrieved 22 September 2022 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Middle+East+Transparent&rft.atitle=Former+Head+of+AKP+Davuto%C4%9Flu+on+Erdogan%27s+Syria+U-turn%3A+%22Putin+is+coercing+Turkey%22+-&rft.date=2022-08-15&rft.aulast=Aydin&rft.aufirst=Enis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmiddleeasttransparent.com%2Fen%2Fformer-head-of-akp-davutoglu-on-erdogans-syria-u-turn-putin-is-coercing-turkey%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://english.alarabiya.net/News/middle-east/2016/12/23/ISIS-video-shows-Turkish-troops-burned-alive-) "ISIS video shows Turkish troops 'burned alive' " . Al Arabiya English . 23 December 2016. Retrieved 22 September 2022 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Arabiya+English&rft.atitle=ISIS+video+shows+Turkish+troops+%27burned+alive%27&rft.date=2016-12-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.alarabiya.net%2FNews%2Fmiddle-east%2F2016%2F12%2F23%2FISIS-video-shows-Turkish-troops-burned-alive-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Bailey-Hoover, Jeremiah; McDonnell, Patrick J. (29 July 2015). (https://www.latimes.com/world/middleeast/la-fg-turkey-bombing-kurds-20150729-story.html#page=1) "Turkey steps up bombing – but on Kurds, not Islamic State" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times) (Los Angeles Times) Los Angeles Times  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Turkey+steps+up+bombing+%E2%80%93+but+on+Kurds%2C+not+Islamic+State&rft.date=2015-07-29&rft.aulast=Bailey-Hoover&rft.aufirst=Jeremiah&rft.au=McDonnell%2C+Patrick+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddleeast%2Fla-fg-turkey-bombing-kurds-20150729-story.html%23page%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/01/erdogan-operation-syria-afrin-begun-180120120424928.html) "Erdogan: Operation in Syria's Afrin has begun" . Al Jazeera. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Erdogan%3A+Operation+in+Syria%27s+Afrin+has+begun&rft.pub=Al+Jazeera&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2018%2F01%2Ferdogan-operation-syria-afrin-begun-180120120424928.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-turkey-afrin/turkish-army-hit-village-in-syrias-afrin-with-suspected-gas-kurdish-ypg-observatory-idUSKCN1G02JE) Turkish army hit village in Syria's Afrin with suspected gas: Kurdish YPG, Observatory . Reuters. 16 February 2018.  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Chappell, Bill; Neuman, Scott (7 October 2019). (https://www.npr.org/2019/10/07/767777899/in-major-policy-shift-u-s-will-stand-aside-as-turkish-forces-extend-reach-in-syr) "In Major Policy Shift, U.S. Will Stand Aside As Turkish Forces Extend Reach in Syria" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPR) (NPR) NPR . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=In+Major+Policy+Shift%2C+U.S.+Will+Stand+Aside+As+Turkish+Forces+Extend+Reach+in+Syria&rft.date=2019-10-07&rft.aulast=Chappell&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft.au=Neuman%2C+Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2F2019%2F10%2F07%2F767777899%2Fin-major-policy-shift-u-s-will-stand-aside-as-turkish-forces-extend-reach-in-syr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.dw.com/en/pence-heads-to-turkey-as-erdogan-rejects-calls-for-ceasefire-in-syria/a-50851292) "Pence heads to Turkey as Erdogan rejects calls for ceasefire in Syria" . Deutsche Welle. 16 October 2019. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Pence+heads+to+Turkey+as+Erdogan+rejects+calls+for+ceasefire+in+Syria&rft.date=2019-10-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fpence-heads-to-turkey-as-erdogan-rejects-calls-for-ceasefire-in-syria%2Fa-50851292&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.voanews.com/a/middle-east_erdogan-criticizes-western-allies-over-syrian-operation-ahead-putin-meeting/6177940.html) "Erdogan Criticizes Western Allies Over Syrian Operation Ahead of Putin Meeting" . VOA News. 21 October 2019. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Erdogan+Criticizes+Western+Allies+Over+Syrian+Operation+Ahead+of+Putin+Meeting&rft.date=2019-10-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.voanews.com%2Fa%2Fmiddle-east_erdogan-criticizes-western-allies-over-syrian-operation-ahead-putin-meeting%2F6177940.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2019/10/25/turkeys-erdogan-sues-french-magazine-over-eradicator-cover) "Turkey's Erdogan sues French magazine over 'eradicator' cover" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English) (Al Jazeera English) Al Jazeera  . 25 October 2019. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Turkey%27s+Erdogan+sues+French+magazine+over+%27eradicator%27+cover&rft.date=2019-10-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Feconomy%2F2019%2F10%2F25%2Fturkeys-erdogan-sues-french-magazine-over-eradicator-cover&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-security-turkey-france-idUSKBN1X41GT) "Erdogan files complaint against French magazine over ethnic cleansing comment" . Reuters . 25 October 2019. Retrieved 1 June 2022 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gazete+Duvar&rft.atitle=Public+support+for+Turkey%27s+Syria+offensive+at+79+percent%3A+Poll&rft.date=2019-11-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.duvarenglish.com%2Fpolitics%2F2019%2F11%2F18%2Fpublic-support-for-turkeys-syria-offensive-at-79-percent-poll%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Taylor, Adam (16 May 2017). (https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2017/05/16/u-s-ally-turkey-may-have-a-new-best-friend-in-beijing/) "U.S. ally Turkey may have a new best friend in Beijing" . The Washington Post . Retrieved 17 May 2017 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=U.S.+ally+Turkey+may+have+a+new+best+friend+in+Beijing&rft.date=2017-05-16&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fworldviews%2Fwp%2F2017%2F05%2F16%2Fu-s-ally-turkey-may-have-a-new-best-friend-in-beijing%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-turkey-idUSKBN13G0SS) "China says would consider Turkish membership of security bloc" . Reuters . 21 November 2016. Retrieved 17 May 2017 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=China+says+would+consider+Turkish+membership+of+security+bloc&rft.date=2016-11-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-china-turkey-idUSKBN13G0SS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/03/02/why-erdogan-has-abandoned-the-uyghurs/) "Why Erdogan Has Abandoned the Uyghurs" . Foreign Policy . 2 March 2021. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Policy&rft.atitle=Why+Erdogan+Has+Abandoned+the+Uyghurs&rft.date=2021-03-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforeignpolicy.com%2F2021%2F03%2F02%2Fwhy-erdogan-has-abandoned-the-uyghurs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Qin, Amy (10 February 2019). (Paid subscription required) (https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/10/world/asia/china-turkey-uighurs.html) "Turkey Urges China to End Mass Detention of Muslims"  . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times) (The New York Times) The New York Times  . (https://web.archive.org/web/20190210100607/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/10/world/asia/china-turkey-uighurs.html) Archived from the original on 10 February 2019. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Turkey+Urges+China+to+End+Mass+Detention+of+Muslims&rft.date=2019-02-10&rft.aulast=Qin&rft.aufirst=Amy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2019%2F02%2F10%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Fchina-turkey-uighurs.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/2/10/shame-for-humanity-turkey-urges-china-to-close-uighur-camps) " 'Shame for humanity': Turkey urges China to close Uighur camps" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English) (Al Jazeera English) Al Jazeera . 10 February 2019. Retrieved 12 April 2021 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%27Shame+for+humanity%27%3A+Turkey+urges+China+to+close+Uighur+camps&rft.date=2019-02-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2019%2F2%2F10%2Fshame-for-humanity-turkey-urges-china-to-close-uighur-camps&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Westcott, Ben (5 July 2019). (https://edition.cnn.com/2019/07/05/asia/turkey-china-uyghur-erdogan-intl-hnk/index.html) "Erdogan says Xinjiang camps shouldn't spoil Turkey-China relationship" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNN) (CNN) CNN  . Retrieved 20 May 2023 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=VOA+News&rft.atitle=Turkish+Opposition+Challenge+Erdogan+Over+Uighur+Silence&rft.date=2021-01-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.voanews.com%2Fa%2Feurope_turkish-opposition-challenge-erdogan-over-uighur-silence%2F6201354.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Basu, Zachary; Allen-Ebrahimian, Bethany (1 March 2022). (https://www.axios.com/2022/03/01/turkey-rejected-uyghur-citizenship) "Turkey rejected Uyghur citizenship applications over "national security" risks" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axios_(website)) (Axios (website)) Axios  . Retrieved 30 May 2023 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Turkey%27s+Erdogan+decries+Qatar%27s+%27inhumane%27+isolation&rft.date=2017-06-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-40261479&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/sep/02/erdogan-accuses-myanmar-of-genocide-against-rohingya) "Erdoğan accuses Myanmar of 'genocide' as thousands of Rohingya flee to Bangladesh" . The Guardian . 2 September 2017. 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=War+on+the+Rocks&rft.atitle=The+Tale+of+Turkey+and+the+Patriots&rft.date=2019-07-22&rft.aulast=Townsend&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwarontherocks.com%2F2019%2F07%2Fthe-tale-of-turkey-and-the-patriots%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.politico.eu/article/donald-trump-administration-to-sanction-turkish-officials-over-imprisonment-of-american-pastor-andrew-brunson/) "US sanctions Turkish officials over detained pastor" . Politico . 1 August 2018. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=US+sanctions+Turkish+officials+over+detained+pastor&rft.date=2018-08-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.eu%2Farticle%2Fdonald-trump-administration-to-sanction-turkish-officials-over-imprisonment-of-american-pastor-andrew-brunson%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   "(http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/dont-force-turkey-to-look-for-other-friends-erdogan-addresses-us-in-nyt-article-135685) US changing strategic NATO partner with pastor, Turkish President Erdoğan says ". (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hürriyet_Daily_News) (Hürriyet Daily News) Hürriyet Daily News  . 11 August 2018.  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.thenationalnews.com/world/europe/us-sanctions-turkey-over-pastor-brunson-detention-1.756238) "US sanctions Turkey over Pastor Brunson detention" . The National . 1 August 2018. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+National&rft.atitle=US+sanctions+Turkey+over+Pastor+Brunson+detention&rft.date=2018-08-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenationalnews.com%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fus-sanctions-turkey-over-pastor-brunson-detention-1.756238&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/middle-east/turkey-us-in-diplomatic-crisis-after-ministers-hit-by-sanctions/articleshow/65243086.cms) "Turkey, US in diplomatic crisis after ministers hit by sanctions" . The Times of India . 2 August 2018. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Turkey%2C+US+in+diplomatic+crisis+after+ministers+hit+by+sanctions&rft.date=2018-08-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fturkey-us-in-diplomatic-crisis-after-ministers-hit-by-sanctions%2Farticleshow%2F65243086.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  McKernan, Bethan (18 June 2020). (https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/jun/18/john-bolton-urged-to-elaborate-on-trump-erdogan-claims) "John Bolton urged to elaborate on Trump-Erdoğan claims" . The Guardian . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Turkey+says+Bolton%27s+book+%27misleading%27+on+Erdogan-Trump+conversations&rft.date=2020-06-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-turkey-usa-bolton%2Fturkey-says-boltons-book-misleading-on-erdogan-trump-conversations-idUSKBN23V3BI&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-election-biden-turkey-idUSKCN25B0XS) "Turkey slams Biden's past call for U.S. to back Erdogan opponents" . Reuters . 15 August 2020. 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=How+will+a+Biden+presidency+affect+Turkey%3F&rft.date=2020-11-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2020%2F11%2F8%2Fhow-would-a-biden-presidency-affect-turkey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   Laura Kelly, (https://thehill.com/policy/international/518794-biden-says-turkey-must-stay-out-of-armenia-azerbaijan-conflict) Biden says Turkey must stay out of Azerbaijan-Armenia conflict , The Hill (29 September 2020).  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.aa.com.tr/en/turkiye/president-erdogan-says-turkiye-wants-to-realize-zengezur-corridor-as-soon-as-possible/3001633#) "President Erdogan says Türkiye wants to realize Zengezur corridor 'as soon as possible' " . Anadolu Ajansi . 27 September 2023. 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=DW.COM&rft.atitle=Russia+pledges+to+scale+down+military+activity+near+Kyiv%2C+Chernihiv%E2%80%94as+it+happened&rft.date=2022-03-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Frussia-pledges-to-scale-down-military-activity-near-kyiv-chernihiv-as-it-happened%2Fa-61286047&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Bayer, Lili (3 April 2023). (https://www.politico.eu/article/turkey-nato-sweden-finland-is-the-headache-nato-needs/) "Turkey is the headache NATO needs" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politico) (Politico) Politico  . (https://web.archive.org/web/20230601101839/https://www.politico.eu/article/turkey-nato-sweden-finland-is-the-headache-nato-needs/) Archived from the original on 1 June 2023. Retrieved 28 May 2023 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Turkey+is+the+headache+NATO+needs&rft.date=2023-04-03&rft.aulast=Bayer&rft.aufirst=Lili&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.eu%2Farticle%2Fturkey-nato-sweden-finland-is-the-headache-nato-needs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Wieting, Ayse (22 July 2022). (https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/deal-for-ukraine-grain-exports-due-to-be-sealed-in-istanbul/2022/07/22/6a0329ee-098c-11ed-80b6-43f2bfcc6662_story.html) " 'A beacon of hope': Ukraine, Russia sign grain export deal" . Washington Post . Retrieved 2 August 2022 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Washington+Post&rft.atitle=%27A+beacon+of+hope%27%3A+Ukraine%2C+Russia+sign+grain+export+deal&rft.date=2022-07-22&rft.aulast=Wieting&rft.aufirst=Ayse&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Fdeal-for-ukraine-grain-exports-due-to-be-sealed-in-istanbul%2F2022%2F07%2F22%2F6a0329ee-098c-11ed-80b6-43f2bfcc6662_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.barrons.com/news/ukraine-announces-exchange-of-215-prisoners-of-war-01663799406?tesla=y) "Ukraine Announces Exchange Of 215 Prisoners Of War" . www.barrons.com . AFP. Retrieved 22 September 2022 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=www.barrons.com&rft.atitle=Ukraine+Announces+Exchange+Of+215+Prisoners+Of+War&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.barrons.com%2Fnews%2Fukraine-announces-exchange-of-215-prisoners-of-war-01663799406%3Ftesla%3Dy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Swaminathan, Sneha (22 September 2022). (https://www.wionews.com/world/ukraine-announces-the-exchange-of-215-prisoners-of-war-518562) "Ukraine announces the exchange of 215 prisoners of war" . WION . Retrieved 22 September 2022 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=WION&rft.atitle=Ukraine+announces+the+exchange+of+215+prisoners+of+war&rft.date=2022-09-22&rft.aulast=Swaminathan&rft.aufirst=Sneha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wionews.com%2Fworld%2Fukraine-announces-the-exchange-of-215-prisoners-of-war-518562&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.rfi.fr/en/podcasts/international-report/20220404-turkey-s-ambiguous-application-of-united-nations-sanctions-on-russia) "International report - Turkey's ambiguous application of United Nations' sanctions on Russia" . RFI . 4 April 2022. Retrieved 22 September 2022 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RFI&rft.atitle=International+report+-+Turkey%27s+ambiguous+application+of+United+Nations%27+sanctions+on+Russia&rft.date=2022-04-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rfi.fr%2Fen%2Fpodcasts%2Finternational-report%2F20220404-turkey-s-ambiguous-application-of-united-nations-sanctions-on-russia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.politico.eu/article/turkey-recep-tayyip-erdogan-fine-line-ukraine-russia-war/) "Erdoğan walks a fine line as the Ukraine war's double agent" . POLITICO . 17 August 2022. Retrieved 22 September 2022 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Turkey%27s+Erdogan+Reasserts+Control+After+Attempted+Coup&rft.date=2016-07-16&rft.aulast=Levin&rft.aufirst=Ned&rft.au=Candemir%2C+Yeliz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fturkeys-erdogan-reasserts-control-after-attempted-coup-1468658670&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://www.vocativ.com/341593/critics-raise-false-flag-after-failed-military-coup-in-turkey/) "Critics Raise False Flag After Failed Military Coup in Turkey" . Vocativ . 16 July 2016. Retrieved 16 July 2016 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Fethullah+G%C3%BClen%3A+Turkey+coup+may+have+been+%27staged%27+by+Erdo%C4%9Fan+regime&rft.date=2016-07-16&rft.aulast=Fontanella-Khan&rft.aufirst=Amana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2016%2Fjul%2F16%2Ffethullah-gulen-turkey-coup-erdogan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/turkey-military-coup/who-u-s-based-cleric-fethullah-gulen-blamed-turkey-coup-n610681) "This U.S.-Based Cleric Is Being Blamed for Coup Attempt" . NBC News. 16 July 2016. 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(https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/07/17/turkey-coup-plot-president-erdogan-rounds-up-thousands-of-soldie/) Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 28 October 2020 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Turkey+coup+attempt%3A+World+leaders+warn+President+Erdogan+not+to+use+uprising+as+excuse+for+crackdown+as+more+than+6%2C000+arrested&rft.date=2016-07-17&rft.aulast=Bodkin&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft.au=Millward%2C+David&rft.au=Ensor%2C+Josie&rft.au=Rothwell%2C+James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2F2016%2F07%2F17%2Fturkey-coup-plot-president-erdogan-rounds-up-thousands-of-soldie%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)     ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Simon Tisdall. (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jun/29/turkey-pays-price-erdogan-blindness-to-isis-threat) "Turkey paying a price for Erdoğan's wilful blindness to Isis threat" . The Guardian . Retrieved 15 July 2016 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Turkey+paying+a+price+for+Erdo%C4%9Fan%27s+wilful+blindness+to+Isis+threat&rft.au=Simon+Tisdall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2016%2Fjun%2F29%2Fturkey-pays-price-erdogan-blindness-to-isis-threat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Kareem Shaheen (24 August 2016). (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/aug/24/turkey-launches-major-operation-against-isis-in-key-border-town) "Turkey sends tanks into Syria in operation aimed at Isis and Kurds" . The Guardian . Retrieved 16 April 2017 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=%27No+excuse%27+for+Turkey+to+abandon+rule+of+law%3A+EU%27s+Mogherini&rft.date=2016-07-18&rft.aulast=Macdonald&rft.aufirst=Alastair&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-turkey-security-eu-mogherini-idUSKCN0ZY0EZ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/08/05/fethullah-gulen-race-top-over-turkey-erdogan-secularism-schools/) "Fethullah Gulen's Race to the Top Is Over" . Foreign Policy . 5 August 2016. Retrieved 16 April 2017 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Policy&rft.atitle=Fethullah+Gulen%27s+Race+to+the+Top+Is+Over&rft.date=2016-08-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforeignpolicy.com%2F2016%2F08%2F05%2Ffethullah-gulen-race-top-over-turkey-erdogan-secularism-schools%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://www.dailysabah.com/elections/2015/06/15/turkey-21-suspects-detained-in-civil-service-exam-cheating-scandal) "Turkey: 21 suspects detained in civil service exam cheating scandal" . Daily Sabah . 15 June 2015. Retrieved 16 April 2017 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Sabah&rft.atitle=Turkey%3A+21+suspects+detained+in+civil+service+exam+cheating+scandal&rft.date=2015-06-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailysabah.com%2Felections%2F2015%2F06%2F15%2Fturkey-21-suspects-detained-in-civil-service-exam-cheating-scandal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Salman, Rafi (20 November 2016). (https://asiatimes.com/erdogans-global-anti-gulen-drive-hits-pakistan/) "Erdogan's global anti-Gulen drive hits Pakistan" . Asia Times . Retrieved 22 November 2016 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tccb.gov.tr&rft.atitle=T.C.+CUMHURBA%C5%9EKANLI%C4%9EI+%3A+Cumhurba%C5%9Fkanl%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1&rft.au=cumhurbaskanligi%40tccb.gov.tr&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tccb.gov.tr%2Fsayfa%2Fcumhurbaskanligi%2Ffors%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Oktay Özilhan. (https://web.archive.org/web/20150208184432/http://www.taraf.com.tr/politika/akpnin-sarkisinda-uzun-adam-gitti-osmanli-torunu-geldi/) "AKP'nin şarkısında 'Uzun adam' gitti 'Osmanlı torunu' geldi ! – Taraf Gazetesi" . Taraf Gazetesi . Archived from (http://www.taraf.com.tr/politika/akpnin-sarkisinda-uzun-adam-gitti-osmanli-torunu-geldi/) the original on 8 February 2015. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Taraf+Gazetesi&rft.atitle=AKP%27nin+%C5%9Fark%C4%B1s%C4%B1nda+%27Uzun+adam%27+gitti+%27Osmanl%C4%B1+torunu%27+geldi+%21+%E2%80%93+Taraf+Gazetesi&rft.au=Oktay+%C3%96zilhan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.taraf.com.tr%2Fpolitika%2Fakpnin-sarkisinda-uzun-adam-gitti-osmanli-torunu-geldi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20160603024620/http://www.ilk-kursun.com/haber/212703/erdogan-kampus-degil-kulliye/) "Erdoğan: Kampus değil, külliye" . ilk-kursun.com . Archived from (http://www.ilk-kursun.com/haber/212703/erdogan-kampus-degil-kulliye/) the original on 3 June 2016. Retrieved 4 March 2015 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ilk-kursun.com&rft.atitle=Erdo%C4%9Fan%3A+Kampus+de%C4%9Fil%2C+k%C3%BClliye&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilk-kursun.com%2Fhaber%2F212703%2Ferdogan-kampus-degil-kulliye%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20150925191452/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/recep-tayyip-erdogan-the-new-sultan-now-has-a-new-palace--and-it-has-cost-turkish-taxpayers-400m-9841319.html) "Recep Tayyip Erdogan: The 'new sultan' now has a new palace – and it has cost Turkish taxpayers £400m" . The Independent . Archived from (https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/recep-tayyip-erdogan-the-new-sultan-now-has-a-new-palace--and-it-has-cost-turkish-taxpayers-400m-9841319.html) the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 10 September 2017 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Recep+Tayyip+Erdogan%3A+The+%27new+sultan%27+now+has+a+new+palace+%E2%80%93+and+it+has+cost+Turkish+taxpayers+%C2%A3400m&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Frecep-tayyip-erdogan-the-new-sultan-now-has-a-new-palace--and-it-has-cost-turkish-taxpayers-400m-9841319.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.wsj.com/articles/erdogan-is-turkeys-new-sultan-1407865770) "Erdogan Is Turkey's New Sultan" . The Wall Street Journal . 13 August 2014. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Erdogan+Is+Turkey%27s+New+Sultan&rft.date=2014-08-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Ferdogan-is-turkeys-new-sultan-1407865770&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.economist.com/news/europe/21612237-recep-tayyip-erdogans-plans-presidency-next-sultan) "The next sultan?" . The Economist . 16 August 2014. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=The+next+sultan%3F&rft.date=2014-08-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fnews%2Feurope%2F21612237-recep-tayyip-erdogans-plans-presidency-next-sultan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Akkoc, Raziye (2 February 2015). (Paid subscription required) (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/turkey/11380281/Turkeys-president-is-not-acting-like-the-Queen-he-is-acting-like-a-sultan.html) " 'Turkey's president is not acting like the Queen – he is acting like a sultan' "  . The Daily Telegraph . (https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/turkey/11380281/Turkeys-president-is-not-acting-like-the-Queen-he-is-acting-like-a-sultan.html) Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=%27Turkey%27s+president+is+not+acting+like+the+Queen+%E2%80%93+he+is+acting+like+a+sultan%27&rft.date=2015-02-02&rft.aulast=Akkoc&rft.aufirst=Raziye&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Feurope%2Fturkey%2F11380281%2FTurkeys-president-is-not-acting-like-the-Queen-he-is-acting-like-a-sultan.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)     ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Akkoc, Raziye (30 January 2015). (Paid subscription required) (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/turkey/11380355/Turkish-president-Recep-Tayyip-Erdogan-I-want-to-be-like-Queen-of-UK.html) "Turkish president Recep Tayyip Erdogan: I want to be like Queen of UK"  . The Daily Telegraph . (https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/turkey/11380355/Turkish-president-Recep-Tayyip-Erdogan-I-want-to-be-like-Queen-of-UK.html) Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Turkish+president+Recep+Tayyip+Erdogan%3A+I+want+to+be+like+Queen+of+UK&rft.date=2015-01-30&rft.aulast=Akkoc&rft.aufirst=Raziye&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Feurope%2Fturkey%2F11380355%2FTurkish-president-Recep-Tayyip-Erdogan-I-want-to-be-like-Queen-of-UK.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)     ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Bethan McKernan (25 July 2020). (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jul/24/erdogan-prayers-hagia-sophia-museum-turned-mosque) "Erdoğan leads first prayers at Hagia Sophia museum reverted to mosque" . The Guardian . Retrieved 2 February 2021 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Erdo%C4%9Fan+leads+first+prayers+at+Hagia+Sophia+museum+reverted+to+mosque&rft.date=2020-07-25&rft.au=Bethan+McKernan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2020%2Fjul%2F24%2Ferdogan-prayers-hagia-sophia-museum-turned-mosque&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20220405032850/https://www.iletisim.gov.tr/english/haberler/detay/presidential-decree-on-the-opening-of-hagia-sophia-to-worship-promulgated-on-the-official-gazette-of-the-republic-of-turkey) "Presidential Decree on the opening of Hagia Sophia to worship promulgated on the Official Gazette" . Presidency of the Republic of Turkey: Directorate of Communications . 10 July 2020. 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Presidency+of+the+Republic+of+Turkey%3A+Directorate+of+Communications&rft.atitle=Presidential+Decree+on+the+opening+of+Hagia+Sophia+to+worship+promulgated+on+the+Official+Gazette&rft.date=2020-07-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwt.iletisim.gov.tr%2Fenglish%2Fhaberler%2Fdetay%2Fpresidential-decree-on-the-opening-of-hagia-sophia-to-worship-promulgated-on-the-official-gazette-of-the-republic-of-turkey%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.cnbc.com/2020/07/10/turkeys-erdogan-says-hagia-sophia-becomes-mosque-after-court-ruling.html) "Turkey's Erdogan says Hagia Sophia becomes mosque after court ruling" . CNBC. 10 July 2020. Retrieved 24 July 2020 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Turkey%27s+Erdogan+says+Hagia+Sophia+becomes+mosque+after+court+ruling&rft.date=2020-07-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2020%2F07%2F10%2Fturkeys-erdogan-says-hagia-sophia-becomes-mosque-after-court-ruling.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-53375739) "Church body wants Hagia Sophia decision reversed" . BBC News . 11 July 2020. Retrieved 13 July 2020 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Pope+%27pained%27+by+Hagia+Sophia+mosque+decision&rft.date=2020-07-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-53371341&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/07/world-reacts-turkey-reconverting-hagia-sophia-mosque-200710135637861.html) "World reacts to Turkey reconverting Hagia Sophia into a mosque" . Al Jazeera. 10 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=World+reacts+to+Turkey+reconverting+Hagia+Sophia+into+a+mosque&rft.date=2020-07-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2020%2F07%2Fworld-reacts-turkey-reconverting-hagia-sophia-mosque-200710135637861.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20200821084710/https://www.sozcu.com.tr/2020/gundem/son-dakika-istanbuldaki-kariye-camii-ibadete-aciliyor-5998871/) "Kariye Camii ibadete açılıyor" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sözcü) (Sözcü) Sözcü  . 21 August 2020. Archived from (https://www.sozcu.com.tr/2020/gundem/son-dakika-istanbuldaki-kariye-camii-ibadete-aciliyor-5998871/) the original on 21 August 2020. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=S%C3%B6zc%C3%BC&rft.atitle=Kariye+Camii+ibadete+a%C3%A7%C4%B1l%C4%B1yor&rft.date=2020-08-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sozcu.com.tr%2F2020%2Fgundem%2Fson-dakika-istanbuldaki-kariye-camii-ibadete-aciliyor-5998871%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Yackley, Ayla (3 December 2019). (https://www.theartnewspaper.com/news/court-ruling-converting-turkish-museum-to-mosque-could-set-precedent-for-hagia-sophia) "Court Ruling Converting Turkish Museum to Mosque Could Set Precedent for Hagia Sophia" . The Art Newspaper. Retrieved 9 December 2019 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=WATCH%3A+Turkish+conquest+is+spreading+the+justice+of+Allah%2C+Erdogan+says&rft.pub=World+Israel+News&rft.date=2020-09-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworldisraelnews.com%2Fwatch-turkish-conquest-is-spreading-the-justice-of-allah-erdogan-says%2F%23disqus_thread&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Bar'el, Zvi (9 October 2020). (https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/2020-10-09/ty-article/.premium/erdogan-jerusalem-is-ours-what-really-stands-behind-turkey-hagia-sophia-church-of-the-holy-sepulchre/0000017f-e4ad-d7b2-a77f-e7afee730000) " 'Jerusalem Is Ours': Behind Erdogan's Remarkable Claim" . Haaretz. Retrieved 9 May 2023 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27Jerusalem+Is+Ours%27%3A+Behind+Erdogan%27s+Remarkable+Claim&rft.pub=Haaretz&rft.date=2020-10-09&rft.aulast=Bar%27el&rft.aufirst=Zvi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fisrael-news%2F2020-10-09%2Fty-article%2F.premium%2Ferdogan-jerusalem-is-ours-what-really-stands-behind-turkey-hagia-sophia-church-of-the-holy-sepulchre%2F0000017f-e4ad-d7b2-a77f-e7afee730000&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20231008-erdogan-to-open-modern-turkish-state-s-first-new-church) "Erdogan to open modern Turkish state's first new church" . France 24 . 8 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=Erdogan+to+open+modern+Turkish+state%27s+first+new+church&rft.date=2023-10-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2Flive-news%2F20231008-erdogan-to-open-modern-turkish-state-s-first-new-church&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://orf.at/stories/3334094/) "Erdogan eröffnet erste Kirche seit Republiksgründung" . ORF (in German). 8 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ORF&rft.atitle=Erdogan+er%C3%B6ffnet+erste+Kirche+seit+Republiksgr%C3%BCndung&rft.date=2023-10-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Forf.at%2Fstories%2F3334094%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)  (./Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de))    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://information.tv5monde.com/international/une-nouvelle-eglise-pour-istanbul-la-premiere-en-100-ans-de-republique-2670528) "Une nouvelle église pour Istanbul, la première en 100 ans de république" . TV5MONDE (in French). 8 October 2023. Retrieved 8 October 2023 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TV5MONDE&rft.atitle=Une+nouvelle+%C3%A9glise+pour+Istanbul%2C+la+premi%C3%A8re+en+100+ans+de+r%C3%A9publique&rft.date=2023-10-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Finformation.tv5monde.com%2Finternational%2Fune-nouvelle-eglise-pour-istanbul-la-premiere-en-100-ans-de-republique-2670528&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)  (./Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr))  (./Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links)  (./Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_February_2024)  (./Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot) (Wikipedia:Link rot) (Dead link tagged February 2024) permanent dead link   ]     ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Ben-Meir, Alon (12 May 2016). (https://www.huffingtonpost.com/alon-benmeir/how-turkey-became-a-de-fa_b_9932160.html) "How Turkey Became a De Facto Dictatorship" . HuffPost . Retrieved 22 June 2018 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=HuffPost&rft.atitle=How+Turkey+Became+a+De+Facto+Dictatorship&rft.date=2016-05-12&rft.aulast=Ben-Meir&rft.aufirst=Alon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2Falon-benmeir%2Fhow-turkey-became-a-de-fa_b_9932160.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-13746679) "Erdogan: Turkey's pugnacious president" . BBC News . 17 April 2017. Retrieved 22 June 2018 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Erdogan%3A+Turkey%27s+pugnacious+president&rft.date=2017-04-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-13746679&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20241124132336/https://time.com/4410491/turkey-president-erdogan-history/) "How Turkey's Erdogan First Came to Power" . Time . Archived from (https://time.com/4410491/turkey-president-erdogan-history/) the original on 24 November 2024. Retrieved 22 June 2018 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=How+Turkey%27s+Erdogan+First+Came+to+Power&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F4410491%2Fturkey-president-erdogan-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Yildirim, A. Kadir; Lynch, Marc (8 December 2016). (https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2016/12/08/is-there-still-hope-for-turkish-democracy/) "Is there still hope for Turkish democracy?" . The Washington Post . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) (ISSN (identifier)) ISSN  (https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286) 0190-8286 . Retrieved 27 June 2018 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Is+there+still+hope+for+Turkish+democracy%3F&rft.date=2016-12-08&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft.aulast=Yildirim&rft.aufirst=A.+Kadir&rft.au=Lynch%2C+Marc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fmonkey-cage%2Fwp%2F2016%2F12%2F08%2Fis-there-still-hope-for-turkish-democracy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Esen, Berk; Gumuscu, Sebnem (2016). (http://repository.bilkent.edu.tr/bitstream/11693/36632/1/Rising%20competitive%20authoritarianism%20in%20Turkey.pdf) "Rising competitive authoritarianism in Turkey" (PDF) . Third World Quarterly . 37 (9): 1581– 1606. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) (Doi (identifier)) doi :(https://doi.org/10.1080%2F01436597.2015.1135732) 10.1080/01436597.2015.1135732 . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)) (Hdl (identifier)) hdl :(Freely accessible) (https://hdl.handle.net/11693%2F36632) 11693/36632  . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) (S2CID (identifier)) S2CID  (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:155983134) 155983134 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Third+World+Quarterly&rft.atitle=Rising+competitive+authoritarianism+in+Turkey&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=9&rft.pages=1581-1606&rft.date=2016&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F11693%2F36632&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A155983134%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F01436597.2015.1135732&rft.aulast=Esen&rft.aufirst=Berk&rft.au=Gumuscu%2C+Sebnem&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frepository.bilkent.edu.tr%2Fbitstream%2F11693%2F36632%2F1%2FRising%2520competitive%2520authoritarianism%2520in%2520Turkey.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)  (./Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links)  (./Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_August_2025)  (./Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot) (Wikipedia:Link rot) (Dead link tagged August 2025) permanent dead link   ]     ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20190707210506/https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2018/turkey) "Turkey" . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=K%C4%B1l%C4%B1%C3%A7daro%C4%9Flu%3A+%C3%9C%C3%A7+g%C3%BCn+sussa+huzur+olur&rft.date=2014-05-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cumhuriyet.com.tr%2Fhaber%2Fturkiye%2F76193%2FKilicdaroglu__Uc_gun_sussa_huzur_olur.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)  (./Category:CS1_Turkish-language_sources_(tr))    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://www.chp.org.tr/?p=148819) "Genel Başkan Kılıçdaroğlu, 'Diktatörlerin ortak özelliği çok korkak olmalarıdır' dedi ve 'Diktatör değilim' diyen Erdoğan'a, o zaman diktatör bozuntususun" diye seslendi" [ President to 'The common features of dictators is that they are too cowardly'] (in Turkish). 27 May 2014. Retrieved 5 December 2014 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yahoo+News&rft.atitle=Battle+lines+drawn+in+struggle+for+influence+over+Turkish+judiciary&rft.date=2014-09-01&rft.aulast=Ozbilgin&rft.aufirst=Ozbe&rft.au=Butler%2C+Daren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.yahoo.com%2Fbattle-lines-drawn-struggle-influence-over-turkish-judiciary-135714630.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://www.ilkehaber.com/yazdir/haber/yargitay-kosulsuz-kaos-dedi--9772.htm) "Yargıtay 'koşulsuz kaos' dedi" [ Supreme Court in "unconditional chaos"] . ilkehaber (in Turkish). 4 December 2014. Retrieved 5 December 2014 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ilkehaber&rft.atitle=Yarg%C4%B1tay+%27ko%C5%9Fulsuz+kaos%27+dedi&rft.date=2014-12-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilkehaber.com%2Fyazdir%2Fhaber%2Fyargitay-kosulsuz-kaos-dedi--9772.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)  (./Category:CS1_Turkish-language_sources_(tr))    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Schleifer, Yigal (25 September 2012). (http://www.eurasianet.org/node/65959) "Turkey: What happens after the "Sledgehammer" Verdict" . eurasianet . Retrieved 5 December 2014 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=eurasianet&rft.atitle=Turkey%3A+What+happens+after+the+%22Sledgehammer%22+Verdict&rft.date=2012-09-25&rft.aulast=Schleifer&rft.aufirst=Yigal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurasianet.org%2Fnode%2F65959&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20141113144228/http://www.ulusalkanal.com.tr/gundem/akpli-mustafa-elitasin-ergenekon-tertibinde-rol-aldigi-ortaya-cikti-ses-kaydiyla-h8460.html) "AKP'li Mustafa Elitaş'ın Ergenekon tertibinde rol aldığı ortaya çıktı! Ses kaydıyla" [ AKP'li Mustafa Elitaş'ın Ergenekon's scheme stars in voice recording] (in Turkish). 25 January 2013. Archived from (http://www.ulusalkanal.com.tr/gundem/akpli-mustafa-elitasin-ergenekon-tertibinde-rol-aldigi-ortaya-cikti-ses-kaydiyla-h8460.html) the original on 13 November 2014. Retrieved 5 December 2014 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=AKP%27li+Mustafa+Elita%C5%9F%27%C4%B1n+Ergenekon+tertibinde+rol+ald%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1+ortaya+%C3%A7%C4%B1kt%C4%B1%21+Ses+kayd%C4%B1yla&rft.date=2013-01-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ulusalkanal.com.tr%2Fgundem%2Fakpli-mustafa-elitasin-ergenekon-tertibinde-rol-aldigi-ortaya-cikti-ses-kaydiyla-h8460.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)  (./Category:CS1_Turkish-language_sources_(tr))    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://www.aa.com.tr/tr/tag/298101--ilker-basbug-tahliye-edildi) "İlker Başbuğ serbest bırakıldı" [ İlker Başbuğ released] . Anadolu Ajansi (in Turkish). 7 March 2014. Retrieved 5 December 2014 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Anadolu+Ajansi&rft.atitle=%C4%B0lker+Ba%C5%9Fbu%C4%9F+serbest+b%C4%B1rak%C4%B1ld%C4%B1&rft.date=2014-03-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aa.com.tr%2Ftr%2Ftag%2F298101--ilker-basbug-tahliye-edildi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)  (./Category:CS1_Turkish-language_sources_(tr))    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Traynor, Ian; Letsch, Constanze (22 January 2014). (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jan/21/brussels-turkey-prime-minister-erdogan-rewrite-law-judiciary-police) "Brussels urges Turkish PM Erdogan to redraft law purging police and judiciary" . The Guardian . Retrieved 5 December 2014 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Brussels+urges+Turkish+PM+Erdogan+to+redraft+law+purging+police+and+judiciary&rft.date=2014-01-22&rft.aulast=Traynor&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft.au=Letsch%2C+Constanze&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2014%2Fjan%2F21%2Fbrussels-turkey-prime-minister-erdogan-rewrite-law-judiciary-police&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://tv.cnnturk.com/video/2014/01/17/programlar/dort-bir-taraf/turkiye-deki-yargi-sistemi-hsyk-yasasinin-gelecegi-ve-17-aralik-sureci-dort-bir-taraf-16-01-2014/2014-01-16T2130/index.html) "Türkiye'deki yargı sistemi, HSYK 'nın yapısı ve 17 Aralık sürecinde paralel devlet ve yolsuzluk iddiaları masaya yatırıldı" [ The judicial system in Turkey] . CNN Türk (in Turkish). 16 January 2014. Retrieved 5 December 2014 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN+T%C3%BCrk&rft.atitle=T%C3%BCrkiye%27deki+yarg%C4%B1+sistemi%2C+HSYK+%27n%C4%B1n+yap%C4%B1s%C4%B1+ve+17+Aral%C4%B1k+s%C3%BCrecinde+paralel+devlet+ve+yolsuzluk+iddialar%C4%B1+masaya+yat%C4%B1r%C4%B1ld%C4%B1.&rft.date=2014-01-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftv.cnnturk.com%2Fvideo%2F2014%2F01%2F17%2Fprogramlar%2Fdort-bir-taraf%2Fturkiye-deki-yargi-sistemi-hsyk-yasasinin-gelecegi-ve-17-aralik-sureci-dort-bir-taraf-16-01-2014%2F2014-01-16T2130%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)  (./Category:CS1_Turkish-language_sources_(tr))    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://www.haberfedai.com/haber/12792/bilal-erdogan-artik-yakalanmayacak) "Bilal Erdoğan artık 'yakalanmayacak' " [ Bilal Erdogan is no longer under arrest] . haberfedai (in Turkish). 16 January 2014. Retrieved 5 December 2014 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=haberfedai&rft.atitle=Bilal+Erdo%C4%9Fan+art%C4%B1k+%27yakalanmayacak%27&rft.date=2014-01-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haberfedai.com%2Fhaber%2F12792%2Fbilal-erdogan-artik-yakalanmayacak&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)  {{(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_news) (Template:Cite news) cite news }} :  CS1 maint: deprecated archival service ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_deprecated_archival_service) (Category:CS1 maint: deprecated archival service) link ) (./Category:CS1_maint:_deprecated_archival_service)  (./Category:CS1_Turkish-language_sources_(tr))    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://www.cumhuriyet.com.tr/haber/siyaset/37959/Hakim_ve_savcilar_AKP_li_cikti_.html) "Hakim ve savcılar AKP'li çıktı!" [ Judges and prosecutors outed as AKP] . cumhuriyet (in Turkish). 5 February 2014. Retrieved 5 December 2014 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=cumhuriyet&rft.atitle=Hakim+ve+savc%C4%B1lar+AKP%27li+%C3%A7%C4%B1kt%C4%B1%21&rft.date=2014-02-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cumhuriyet.com.tr%2Fhaber%2Fsiyaset%2F37959%2FHakim_ve_savcilar_AKP_li_cikti_.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)  (./Category:CS1_Turkish-language_sources_(tr))    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://www.samanyoluhaber.com/gundem/Reza-Zarrabi-tahliye-eden-hakimin-Facebook-bilgileri-sasirtti/1042852/) "Tahliye kararı veren hakim İslam Çiçek, Facebook'ta Uzun Adam hayranı çıktı!" [ Judge Islam Çiçek's decisions vacated, Facebook claims links to Uzun Adam] . amanyolu haber (in Turkish). 1 May 2014. Retrieved 5 December 2014 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=amanyolu+haber&rft.atitle=Tahliye+karar%C4%B1+veren+hakim+%C4%B0slam+%C3%87i%C3%A7ek%2C+Facebook%27ta+Uzun+Adam+hayran%C4%B1+%C3%A7%C4%B1kt%C4%B1%21&rft.date=2014-05-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.samanyoluhaber.com%2Fgundem%2FReza-Zarrabi-tahliye-eden-hakimin-Facebook-bilgileri-sasirtti%2F1042852%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)  (./Category:CS1_Turkish-language_sources_(tr))    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://www.ilkelihaber.com/index.php?id=5589452&ad=%2025%20Aral%FDk%20Yolsuzluk%20Soru%FEturmas%FD%20Kapat%FDld%FD) "25 Aralık Yolsuzluk Soruşturması Kapatıldı" [ Corruption investigation closed on 25 December] . ilkelihaber (in Turkish). 1 September 2014. Retrieved 5 December 2014 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ilkelihaber&rft.atitle=25+Aral%C4%B1k+Yolsuzluk+Soru%C5%9Fturmas%C4%B1+Kapat%C4%B1ld%C4%B1&rft.date=2014-09-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilkelihaber.com%2Findex.php%3Fid%3D5589452%26ad%3D%252025%2520Aral%25FDk%2520Yolsuzluk%2520Soru%25FEturmas%25FD%2520Kapat%25FDld%25FD&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)  (./Category:CS1_Turkish-language_sources_(tr))    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Smith, David (28 September 2025). (https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/sep/28/trump-tylenol-autism-turkey-united-nations-pam-bondi) "The week in Trump absurdities: from Turkey's 'rigged elections' to 'your countries are going to hell' " . The Guardian . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) (ISSN (identifier)) ISSN  (https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077) 0261-3077 . Retrieved 30 September 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+week+in+Trump+absurdities%3A+from+Turkey%27s+%27rigged+elections%27+to+%27your+countries+are+going+to+hell%27&rft.date=2025-09-28&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fus-news%2F2025%2Fsep%2F28%2Ftrump-tylenol-autism-turkey-united-nations-pam-bondi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2025/09/25/trump-cozies-up-with-turkey-s-erdogan-over-rigged-elections_6745747_4.html) "Trump cozies up with Turkey's Erdogan over 'rigged elections' " . 25 September 2025. Retrieved 30 September 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Trump+cozies+up+with+Turkey%27s+Erdogan+over+%27rigged+elections%27&rft.date=2025-09-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lemonde.fr%2Fen%2Finternational%2Farticle%2F2025%2F09%2F25%2Ftrump-cozies-up-with-turkey-s-erdogan-over-rigged-elections_6745747_4.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.reuters.com/video/watch/idRW817826092025RP1/) "Trump: Erdogan 'knows about rigged elections better than anybody' " . Reuters . 26 September 2025. Retrieved 30 September 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Trump%3A+Erdogan+%27knows+about+rigged+elections+better+than+anybody%27&rft.date=2025-09-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fvideo%2Fwatch%2FidRW817826092025RP1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/1863-turkish-journalists-fired-during-akp-rule-opposition-report-says.aspx?pageID=238&nID=73547&NewsCatID=339) "1,863 Turkish journalists fired during AKP rule, opposition report says" . Hürriyet Daily News . 27 October 2014. Retrieved 5 December 2014 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HuffPost&rft.atitle=Barring+Coverage%2C+Assaults+and+Fear%3A+New+Reports+Signal+SOS+for+Turkish+Media&rft.date=2014-11-10&rft.aulast=Baydar&rft.aufirst=Yavuz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2Fyavuz-baydar%2Fbarring-coverage-assaults_b_6135640.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://bianet.org/english/media/143140-soner-yalcin-imprisoned-journalist-released) "Soner Yalçın, Imprisoned Journalist, Released" . bianet . 27 December 2012. Retrieved 5 December 2014 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=bianet&rft.atitle=Soner+Yal%C3%A7%C4%B1n%2C+Imprisoned+Journalist%2C+Released&rft.date=2012-12-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbianet.org%2Fenglish%2Fmedia%2F143140-soner-yalcin-imprisoned-journalist-released&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://english.alarabiya.net/en/media/print/2015/03/19/U-S-Senators-urge-Kerry-to-speak-against-Turkey-media-crackdown-.html) "U.S. Senators urge Kerry to speak against Turkey media crackdown" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Arabiya) (Al Arabiya) Al Arabiya . 19 March 2015. Retrieved 19 March 2015 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=U.S.+Senators+urge+Kerry+to+speak+against+Turkey+media+crackdown&rft.date=2015-03-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.alarabiya.net%2Fen%2Fmedia%2Fprint%2F2015%2F03%2F19%2FU-S-Senators-urge-Kerry-to-speak-against-Turkey-media-crackdown-.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Oktem, Kerem (10 June 2013). (https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2013/jun/09/turkey-mainstream-media-penguins-protests) "Why Turkey's mainstream media chose to show penguins rather than protests" . The Guardian . Retrieved 5 December 2014 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Why+Turkey%27s+mainstream+media+chose+to+show+penguins+rather+than+protests&rft.date=2013-06-10&rft.aulast=Oktem&rft.aufirst=Kerem&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcommentisfree%2F2013%2Fjun%2F09%2Fturkey-mainstream-media-penguins-protests&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Özgenç, Meltem (12 June 2013). (http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/gundem/23486445.asp) "RTÜK'ten Halk TV ve Ulusal Kanal'a ceza" [ Penalties for public TV and national channel RTUK] . Hürriyet Daily News (in Turkish). Retrieved 5 December 2014 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=H%C3%BCrriyet+Daily+News&rft.atitle=RT%C3%9CK%27ten+Halk+TV+ve+Ulusal+Kanal%27a+ceza&rft.date=2013-06-12&rft.aulast=%C3%96zgen%C3%A7&rft.aufirst=Meltem&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hurriyet.com.tr%2Fgundem%2F23486445.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)  (./Category:CS1_Turkish-language_sources_(tr))    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Dearden, Lizzie (8 August 2014). (https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/know-your-place-you-shameless-militant-turkish-prime-minister-tells-female-journalist-9656896.html) "Turkish Prime Minister Erdogan tells female journalist: 'Know your place, you shameless militant' " . The Independent . Retrieved 5 December 2014 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ex-Miss+Turkey+sentenced+%27for+insulting+Erdogan%27&rft.pub=France+24&rft.date=2016-05-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2F20160531-ex-miss-turkey-sentenced-insulting-erdogan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Agence France-Presse in Ankara (16 June 2015). (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jun/17/turkish-newspaper-editor-sentenced-for-insulting-president-recep-erdogan) "Turkish newspaper editor sentenced for insulting president Recep Erdoğan: Ankara court hands down 21-month suspended jail sentence to editor of English-language newspaper after convicting him of insulting the president in a tweet" . The Guardian . 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(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) (S2CID (identifier)) S2CID  (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:241148959) 241148959 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Die+Welt+des+Islams&rft.atitle=Europe%27s+Seminal+Proto-Fascist%3F+Historically+Approaching+Ziya+G%C3%B6kalp%2C+Mentor+of+Turkish+Nationalism&rft.volume=61&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=415&rft.date=2021&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F15700607-61020008&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A241148959%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Kieser&rft.aufirst=Hans-Lukas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Eski, Beril (20 March 2021). (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/mar/20/turkey-pulls-out-of-international-accord-designed-to-protect-women) "Protests as Turkey pulls out of treaty to protect women" . The Guardian . Retrieved 14 April 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Protests+as+Turkey+pulls+out+of+treaty+to+protect+women&rft.date=2021-03-20&rft.aulast=Eski&rft.aufirst=Beril&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2021%2Fmar%2F20%2Fturkey-pulls-out-of-international-accord-designed-to-protect-women&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Michaelson, Ruth; Narlı, Deniz (12 May 2023). (https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2023/may/12/lgbt-recep-tayyip-erdogan-targets-gay-trans-rights-critical-turkish-election) " 'We're against LGBT': Erdoğan targets gay and trans people ahead of critical Turkish election" . The Guardian . Retrieved 14 April 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=%27We%27re+against+LGBT%27%3A+Erdo%C4%9Fan+targets+gay+and+trans+people+ahead+of+critical+Turkish+election&rft.date=2023-05-12&rft.aulast=Michaelson&rft.aufirst=Ruth&rft.au=Narl%C4%B1%2C+Deniz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fglobal-development%2F2023%2Fmay%2F12%2Flgbt-recep-tayyip-erdogan-targets-gay-trans-rights-critical-turkish-election&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.kaosgl.org/en/single-news/lgbt-initiative-from-prime-minister-erdogan) "LGBT Initiative from Prime Minister Erdoğan!" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KAOS_GL) (KAOS GL) KAOS GL  . 28 May 2012. Retrieved 21 May 2020 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=KAOS+GL&rft.atitle=LGBT+Initiative+from+Prime+Minister+Erdo%C4%9Fan%21&rft.date=2012-05-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kaosgl.org%2Fen%2Fsingle-news%2Flgbt-initiative-from-prime-minister-erdogan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Lepeska, David (30 April 2020). (https://ahvalnews.com/turkey-lgbti/turkish-officials-bash-gays-counter-rising-lgbt-support) "Turkish officials bash gays to counter rising LGBT support" . Ahval . Retrieved 21 May 2020 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ahval&rft.atitle=Turkish+officials+bash+gays+to+counter+rising+LGBT+support&rft.date=2020-04-30&rft.aulast=Lepeska&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fahvalnews.com%2Fturkey-lgbti%2Fturkish-officials-bash-gays-counter-rising-lgbt-support&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Notaro, Pier Cesare (16 December 2019). (https://www.ilgrandecolibri.com/en/turkey-what-erdogans-homophobia-shows-us-about-its-power/) "Turkey: What Erdoğan's Homophobia Shows Us about His Power" . Il Grande Colibrì . Retrieved 21 May 2020 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Il+Grande+Colibr%C3%AC&rft.atitle=Turkey%3A+What+Erdo%C4%9Fan%27s+Homophobia+Shows+Us+about+His+Power&rft.date=2019-12-16&rft.aulast=Notaro&rft.aufirst=Pier+Cesare&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilgrandecolibri.com%2Fen%2Fturkey-what-erdogans-homophobia-shows-us-about-its-power%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/nov/23/its-just-the-start-lgbt-community-in-turkey-fears-government-crackdown) " 'It's just the start': LGBT community in Turkey fears government crackdown" . The Guardian . 23 November 2017. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=%27It%27s+just+the+start%27%3A+LGBT+community+in+Turkey+fears+government+crackdown&rft.date=2017-11-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2017%2Fnov%2F23%2Fits-just-the-start-lgbt-community-in-turkey-fears-government-crackdown&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.forbes.com/sites/alexandrasternlicht/2020/05/12/with-new-covid-19-outbreak-linked-to-gay-man-homophobia-on-rise-in-south-korea/) "With New COVID-19 Outbreak Linked To Gay Man, Homophobia On Rise In South Korea" . Forbes . 12 May 2020. (https://web.archive.org/web/20200625155553/https://www.forbes.com/sites/alexandrasternlicht/2020/05/12/with-new-covid-19-outbreak-linked-to-gay-man-homophobia-on-rise-in-south-korea/) Archived from the original on 25 June 2020. Retrieved 29 June 2020 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=With+New+COVID-19+Outbreak+Linked+To+Gay+Man%2C+Homophobia+On+Rise+In+South+Korea&rft.date=2020-05-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Falexandrasternlicht%2F2020%2F05%2F12%2Fwith-new-covid-19-outbreak-linked-to-gay-man-homophobia-on-rise-in-south-korea%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.france24.com/en/20200427-erdogan-defends-turkey-religious-chief-s-anti-gay-sermon) "Erdogan defends Turkey religious chief's anti-gay sermon" . France 24. 27 April 2020. (https://web.archive.org/web/20200621055152/https://www.france24.com/en/20200427-erdogan-defends-turkey-religious-chief-s-anti-gay-sermon) Archived from the original on 21 June 2020. Retrieved 29 June 2020 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Erdogan+defends+Turkey+religious+chief%27s+anti-gay+sermon&rft.date=2020-04-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2F20200427-erdogan-defends-turkey-religious-chief-s-anti-gay-sermon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Michaelson, Ruth; Narlı, Deniz Barış (12 May 2023). (https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2023/may/12/lgbt-recep-tayyip-erdogan-targets-gay-trans-rights-critical-turkish-election) " 'We're against LGBT': Erdoğan targets gay and trans people ahead of critical Turkish election" . The Guardian . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) (ISSN (identifier)) ISSN  (https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077) 0261-3077 . (https://web.archive.org/web/20230513004241/https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2023/may/12/lgbt-recep-tayyip-erdogan-targets-gay-trans-rights-critical-turkish-election) Archived from the original on 13 May 2023. Retrieved 13 May 2023 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=%27We%27re+against+LGBT%27%3A+Erdo%C4%9Fan+targets+gay+and+trans+people+ahead+of+critical+Turkish+election&rft.date=2023-05-12&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Michaelson&rft.aufirst=Ruth&rft.au=Narl%C4%B1%2C+Deniz+Bar%C4%B1%C5%9F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fglobal-development%2F2023%2Fmay%2F12%2Flgbt-recep-tayyip-erdogan-targets-gay-trans-rights-critical-turkish-election&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2023/05/erdogan-slams-turkeys-lgbtq-community-weaponizes-homophobia-ahead-vote) "Erdogan slams Turkey's LGBTQ community, weaponizes homophobia ahead of vote" . Al-Monitor . 4 May 2023. Retrieved 18 May 2023 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al-Monitor&rft.atitle=Erdogan+slams+Turkey%27s+LGBTQ+community%2C+weaponizes+homophobia+ahead+of+vote&rft.date=2023-05-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.al-monitor.com%2Foriginals%2F2023%2F05%2Ferdogan-slams-turkeys-lgbtq-community-weaponizes-homophobia-ahead-vote&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.politico.eu/article/turkey-elections-2023-lgbtq-recep-tayyip-erdogan/) "Erdoğan finds a scapegoat in Turkey's election: LGBTQ+ people" . Politico.eu . 13 May 2023. Retrieved 18 May 2023 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Politico.eu&rft.atitle=Erdo%C4%9Fan+finds+a+scapegoat+in+Turkey%27s+election%3A+LGBTQ%2B+people&rft.date=2023-05-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.eu%2Farticle%2Fturkey-elections-2023-lgbtq-recep-tayyip-erdogan%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2023/may/12/lgbt-recep-tayyip-erdogan-targets-gay-trans-rights-critical-turkish-election) " 'We're against LGBT': Erdoğan targets gay and trans people ahead of critical Turkish election" . The Guardian . 12 May 2023. Retrieved 18 May 2023 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=%27We%27re+against+LGBT%27%3A+Erdo%C4%9Fan+targets+gay+and+trans+people+ahead+of+critical+Turkish+election&rft.date=2023-05-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fglobal-development%2F2023%2Fmay%2F12%2Flgbt-recep-tayyip-erdogan-targets-gay-trans-rights-critical-turkish-election&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.aa.com.tr/en/turkiye/president-erdogan-says-turkiye-is-exemplary-country-where-everyone-enjoys-freedom-of-religion/3858776) "President Erdogan says Türkiye is exemplary country where everyone enjoys freedom of religion" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anadolu_Agency) (Anadolu Agency) Anadolu Agency  . 10 March 2026. Retrieved 11 March 2026 .  "Islamophobia, which has been on the rise in recent years, clearly threatens both our people and the culture of coexistence," he said, adding: "Just as Islamophobia is a crime against humanity, anti-Semitism is also a crime, an evil that cannot be considered reasonable or legitimate."   (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Anadolu+Agency&rft.atitle=President+Erdogan+says+T%C3%BCrkiye+is+exemplary+country+where+everyone+enjoys+freedom+of+religion&rft.date=2026-03-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aa.com.tr%2Fen%2Fturkiye%2Fpresident-erdogan-says-turkiye-is-exemplary-country-where-everyone-enjoys-freedom-of-religion%2F3858776&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.economist.com/europe/2005/05/05/erdogans-travels) "Erdogan's travels" . The Economist . 5 May 2005. (https://web.archive.org/web/20160425125820/http://www.economist.com/node/3941568) Archived from the original on 25 April 2016. Retrieved 17 April 2016 . Mr Erdogan assured Israel's prime minister, Ariel Sharon, that his Justice and Development (AK) party saw anti-Semitism as 'a crime against humanity'.  (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Erdogan%27s+travels&rft.date=2005-05-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Feurope%2F2005%2F05%2F05%2Ferdogans-travels&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Congress (5 February 2009). (https://www.worldjewishcongress.org/en/news/erdogan-quot-no-place-for-anti-semitism-in-turkey-quot) "Erdogan: "No place for anti-Semitism in Turkey" " . World Jewish Congress . Retrieved 21 May 2020 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Jewish+Congress&rft.atitle=Erdogan%3A+%22No+place+for+anti-Semitism+in+Turkey%22&rft.date=2009-02-05&rft.au=Congress&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldjewishcongress.org%2Fen%2Fnews%2Ferdogan-quot-no-place-for-anti-semitism-in-turkey-quot&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Rosenfeld, Alvin H., ed. (2013). (https://books.google.com/books?id=M3ZJMYiNe0UC&q=%22pronounced%2C+Israel+and+Israel%E2%80%99s+administration%22&pg=PA318) Resurgent antisemitism global perspectives  . Bloomington [u.a.]: Indiana Univ. Press. p. 318. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-253-00890-9) (Special:BookSources/978-0-253-00890-9) 978-0-253-00890-9  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Resurgent+antisemitism+global+perspectives&rft.place=Bloomington+%5Bu.a.%5D&rft.pages=318&rft.pub=Indiana+Univ.+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-253-00890-9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DM3ZJMYiNe0UC%26q%3D%2522pronounced%252C%2BIsrael%2Band%2BIsrael%25E2%2580%2599s%2Badministration%2522%26pg%3DPA318&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20210518-us-condemns-erdogan-anti-semitic-remarks) "US condemns Erdogan 'anti-Semitic' remarks" . France24. 19 May 2021. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=US+condemns+Erdogan+%27anti-Semitic%27+remarks&rft.pub=France24&rft.date=2021-05-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2Flive-news%2F20210518-us-condemns-erdogan-anti-semitic-remarks&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://antisemitism.adl.org/blood/) "Antisemitism Uncovered: Myth – Jews Use Christian Blood for Religious Rituals" . Antisemitism Uncovered . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Defamation_League) (Anti-Defamation League) Anti-Defamation League . Retrieved 11 March 2026 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Antisemitism+Uncovered&rft.atitle=Antisemitism+Uncovered%3A+Myth+%E2%80%93+Jews+Use+Christian+Blood+for+Religious+Rituals&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fantisemitism.adl.org%2Fblood%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Kelly, Laura (19 May 2021). (https://thehill.com/policy/national-security/554277-us-condemns-erdogan-comments-as-antisemitic/) "US condemns Erdoğan comments as antisemitic" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hill_(newspaper)) (The Hill (newspaper)) The Hill  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Hill&rft.atitle=US+condemns+Erdo%C4%9Fan+comments+as+antisemitic&rft.date=2021-05-19&rft.aulast=Kelly&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthehill.com%2Fpolicy%2Fnational-security%2F554277-us-condemns-erdogan-comments-as-antisemitic%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/4/26/erdogan-slams-bidens-armenian-genocide-recognition) "Erdogan slams Biden's recognition of Armenian 'genocide' " . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Jazeera) (Al Jazeera) Al Jazeera  . 26 April 2021. Retrieved 3 September 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Erdogan+slams+Biden%27s+recognition+of+Armenian+%27genocide%27&rft.date=2021-04-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2021%2F4%2F26%2Ferdogan-slams-bidens-armenian-genocide-recognition&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://www.cfr.org/publication/14395/conversation_with_recep_tayyip_erdogan_rush_transcript_federal_news_service.htm) "A Conversation with Recep Tayyip Erdogan" . Council on Foreign Relations. 27 September 2007. Retrieved 29 July 2012 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A+Conversation+with+Recep+Tayyip+Erdogan&rft.pub=Council+on+Foreign+Relations&rft.date=2007-09-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cfr.org%2Fpublication%2F14395%2Fconversation_with_recep_tayyip_erdogan_rush_transcript_federal_news_service.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)  {{(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_web) (Template:Cite web) cite web }} :  CS1 maint: deprecated archival service ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_deprecated_archival_service) (Category:CS1 maint: deprecated archival service) link ) (./Category:CS1_maint:_deprecated_archival_service)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IqcjaPsJHXI) "Turkish Prime Minister talks about Armenian genocide" . 9 February 2008. (https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211221/IqcjaPsJHXI) Archived from the original on 21 December 2021 – via YouTube. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Turkish+Prime+Minister+talks+about+Armenian+genocide&rft.date=2008-02-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DIqcjaPsJHXI&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)     ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.dailysabah.com/diplomacy/2019/12/08/turkey-to-boost-efforts-to-fight-defamation-campaign-altun-says) "Turkey to boost efforts to fight defamation campaign" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daily_Sabah) (Daily Sabah) Daily Sabah  . 9 December 2019. (https://web.archive.org/web/20200111212828/https://www.dailysabah.com/diplomacy/2019/12/08/turkey-to-boost-efforts-to-fight-defamation-campaign-altun-says) Archived from the original on 11 January 2020. Retrieved 10 January 2020 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Sabah&rft.atitle=Turkey+to+boost+efforts+to+fight+defamation+campaign&rft.date=2019-12-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailysabah.com%2Fdiplomacy%2F2019%2F12%2F08%2Fturkey-to-boost-efforts-to-fight-defamation-campaign-altun-says&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (10 April 2005). (https://web.archive.org/web/20131005001307/http://www.turkishembassy.com/ii/O/ErdogantoKocaryan.htm) "Letter sent by H.E. Recep Tayyip Erdogan" . Turkish Embassy. Archived from (http://www.turkishembassy.com/ii/O/ErdogantoKocaryan.htm) the original on 5 October 2013. Retrieved 29 July 2013 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Letter+sent+by+H.E.+Recep+Tayyip+Erdogan&rft.pub=Turkish+Embassy&rft.date=2005-04-10&rft.au=Recep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.turkishembassy.com%2Fii%2FO%2FErdogantoKocaryan.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20131004232232/http://www.turkishweekly.net/news/8050/) "Yerevan Rejects Turkish PM Erdogan's Dialogue Letter" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Journal_of_Turkish_Weekly) (The Journal of Turkish Weekly) The Journal of Turkish Weekly  . 14 April 2005. Archived from (http://www.turkishweekly.net/news/8050/) the original on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 29 July 2013 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Turkish+Weekly&rft.atitle=Yerevan+Rejects+Turkish+PM+Erdogan%27s+Dialogue+Letter&rft.date=2005-04-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.turkishweekly.net%2Fnews%2F8050%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://www.panarmenian.net/eng/news/19638/) "Peaceful Co-Existence of Armenia and Turkey Possible" . PanArmenian . 16 October 2006. (https://web.archive.org/web/20160603231040/http://www.panarmenian.net/eng/news/19638/) Archived from the original on 3 June 2016. Retrieved 8 February 2016 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PanArmenian&rft.atitle=Peaceful+Co-Existence+of+Armenia+and+Turkey+Possible&rft.date=2006-10-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.panarmenian.net%2Feng%2Fnews%2F19638%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Tait, Robert (18 November 2008). (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/dec/18/armenian-genocide-apology-turkish-rebuttal) "Turkish PM dismisses apology for alleged Armenian genocide" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian) (The Guardian) The Guardian  . (https://web.archive.org/web/20210420210208/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/dec/18/armenian-genocide-apology-turkish-rebuttal) Archived from the original on 20 April 2021. Retrieved 1 July 2011 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Turkish+PM+dismisses+apology+for+alleged+Armenian+genocide&rft.date=2008-11-18&rft.aulast=Tait&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2008%2Fdec%2F18%2Farmenian-genocide-apology-turkish-rebuttal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Gabbatt, Adam (18 March 2010). (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/mar/18/turkey-threatens-expel-armenians-genocide) "Turkish PM threatens to expel 100,000 Armenians over genocide vote" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian) (The Guardian) The Guardian  . Retrieved 30 June 2026 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Turkish+PM+threatens+to+expel+100%2C000+Armenians+over+genocide+vote&rft.date=2010-03-18&rft.aulast=Gabbatt&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2010%2Fmar%2F18%2Fturkey-threatens-expel-armenians-genocide&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/default.aspx?pageid=438&n=turkish-painter-stabbed-at-meeting-for-8216humanity-movement8217-2011-04-18) "Turkish painter stabbed in Istanbul after 'humanity monument' meeting" . Hürriyet Daily News . 18 April 2011. (https://web.archive.org/web/20141209115719/http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/default.aspx?pageid=438&n=turkish-painter-stabbed-at-meeting-for-8216humanity-movement8217-2011-04-18) Archived from the original on 9 December 2014. Retrieved 3 December 2014 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=H%C3%BCrriyet+Daily+News&rft.atitle=Turkish+painter+stabbed+in+Istanbul+after+%27humanity+monument%27+meeting&rft.date=2011-04-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hurriyetdailynews.com%2Fdefault.aspx%3Fpageid%3D438%26n%3Dturkish-painter-stabbed-at-meeting-for-8216humanity-movement8217-2011-04-18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Sibel Hürtaş (10 March 2015). (https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/en/originals/2015/03/turkey-monument-erdogan-fined-for-disparaging.html) "Erdogan fined $3,800 for insulting peace monument" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Monitor) (Al Monitor) Al Monitor . Retrieved 27 July 2016 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Erdogan+fined+%243%2C800+for+insulting+peace+monument&rft.date=2015-03-10&rft.au=Sibel+H%C3%BCrta%C5%9F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.al-monitor.com%2Fpulse%2Fen%2Foriginals%2F2015%2F03%2Fturkey-monument-erdogan-fined-for-disparaging.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-27131543) "Turkey offers condolences to Armenia over WWI killings" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC) (BBC) BBC  . 23 April 2014. (https://web.archive.org/web/20140604064056/http://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-27131543) Archived from the original on 4 June 2014. Retrieved 3 June 2014 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Turkey+offers+condolences+to+Armenia+over+WWI+killings&rft.date=2014-04-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-27131543&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Rome, Ian Black Rosie Scammell in (12 April 2015). (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/apr/12/pope-boosts-armenias-efforts-to-have-ottoman-killings-recognised-as-genocide) "Pope boosts Armenia's efforts to have Ottoman killings recognised as genocide" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian) (The Guardian) The Guardian  . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) (ISSN (identifier)) ISSN  (https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077) 0261-3077 . (https://web.archive.org/web/20180710164506/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/apr/12/pope-boosts-armenias-efforts-to-have-ottoman-killings-recognised-as-genocide) Archived from the original on 10 July 2018. Retrieved 13 March 2019 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Pope+boosts+Armenia%27s+efforts+to+have+Ottoman+killings+recognised+as+genocide&rft.date=2015-04-12&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Rome&rft.aufirst=Ian+Black+Rosie+Scammell+in&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2015%2Fapr%2F12%2Fpope-boosts-armenias-efforts-to-have-ottoman-killings-recognised-as-genocide&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/apr/15/turkey-cannot-accept-armenia-genocide-label-erdogan) "Turkey cannot accept Armenian genocide label, says Erdoğan" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian) (The Guardian) The Guardian  . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agence_France-Presse) (Agence France-Presse) Agence France-Presse . 15 April 2015. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) (ISSN (identifier)) ISSN  (https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077) 0261-3077 . (https://web.archive.org/web/20190426145157/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/apr/15/turkey-cannot-accept-armenia-genocide-label-erdogan) Archived from the original on 26 April 2019. Retrieved 13 March 2019 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Turkey+cannot+accept+Armenian+genocide+label%2C+says+Erdo%C4%9Fan&rft.date=2015-04-15&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2015%2Fapr%2F15%2Fturkey-cannot-accept-armenia-genocide-label-erdogan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/apr/22/barack-obama-will-not-label-1915-massacre-of-armenians-a-genocide) "Barack Obama will not label 1915 massacre of Armenians a genocide" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian) (The Guardian) The Guardian  . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated_Press) (Associated Press) Associated Press . 22 April 2015. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) (ISSN (identifier)) ISSN  (https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077) 0261-3077 . (https://web.archive.org/web/20190101215953/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/apr/22/barack-obama-will-not-label-1915-massacre-of-armenians-a-genocide) Archived from the original on 1 January 2019. Retrieved 13 March 2019 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Barack+Obama+will+not+label+1915+massacre+of+Armenians+a+genocide&rft.date=2015-04-22&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fus-news%2F2015%2Fapr%2F22%2Fbarack-obama-will-not-label-1915-massacre-of-armenians-a-genocide&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Loesel, Jonas (30 June 2026). (https://www.politico.eu/article/turkey-recep-tayyip-erdogan-israel-armenia-genocide-recognition-gaza/) "Erdoğan rejects Israel's Armenian genocide recognition, points to Gaza deaths" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politico) (Politico) Politico  . Retrieved 30 June 2026 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Erdo%C4%9Fan+rejects+Israel%E2%80%99s+Armenian+genocide+recognition%2C+points+to+Gaza+deaths&rft.date=2026-06-30&rft.aulast=Loesel&rft.aufirst=Jonas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.eu%2Farticle%2Fturkey-recep-tayyip-erdogan-israel-armenia-genocide-recognition-gaza%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://8am.media/eng/erdogan-warns-climate-change-poses-global-threat-comparable-to-wars-and-pandemics/) "Erdogan Warns Climate Change Poses Global Threat Comparable to Wars and Pandemics" . Hasht-e Subh Daily. 8 June 2026. Retrieved 8 June 2026 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Erdogan+Warns+Climate+Change+Poses+Global+Threat+Comparable+to+Wars+and+Pandemics&rft.date=2026-06-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F8am.media%2Feng%2Ferdogan-warns-climate-change-poses-global-threat-comparable-to-wars-and-pandemics%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://www.milliyet.com.tr/2007/08/29/son/sonsiy47.asp) "Bakanlar Kurulu'nun özgeçmişi" [ Ministers of the Board's CV] . Milliyet (in Turkish). 29 August 2007. Retrieved 22 April 2011 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Milliyet&rft.atitle=Bakanlar+Kurulu%27nun+%C3%B6zge%C3%A7mi%C5%9Fi&rft.date=2007-08-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.milliyet.com.tr%2F2007%2F08%2F29%2Fson%2Fsonsiy47.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)  (./Category:CS1_Turkish-language_sources_(tr))    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20140808055103/http://www.turkishweekly.net/news/124664/erdogan-39-s-mother-tenzile-erdogan-dies-of-acute-cholecystitis.html) "Erdogan's Mother Tenzile Erdogan Dies of Acute Cholecystitis" . Turkish Weekly . 7 October 2011. Archived from (http://www.turkishweekly.net/news/124664/erdogan-39-s-mother-tenzile-erdogan-dies-of-acute-cholecystitis.html) the original on 8 August 2014. Retrieved 21 March 2014 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Turkish+Weekly&rft.atitle=Erdogan%27s+Mother+Tenzile+Erdogan+Dies+of+Acute+Cholecystitis&rft.date=2011-10-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.turkishweekly.net%2Fnews%2F124664%2Ferdogan-39-s-mother-tenzile-erdogan-dies-of-acute-cholecystitis.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20220111102551/http://odatv.com/iste-ahmet-kaptanin-bilinmeyen-hikayesi-0412161200_m.html) "İşte Ahmet Kaptan'ın bilinmeyen hikayesi" (in Turkish). Odatv. 4 December 2016. Archived from (http://odatv.com/iste-ahmet-kaptanin-bilinmeyen-hikayesi-0412161200_m.html) the original on 11 January 2022. Retrieved 22 September 2017 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%C4%B0%C5%9Fte+Ahmet+Kaptan%27%C4%B1n+bilinmeyen+hikayesi&rft.pub=Odatv&rft.date=2016-12-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fodatv.com%2Fiste-ahmet-kaptanin-bilinmeyen-hikayesi-0412161200_m.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)  (./Category:CS1_Turkish-language_sources_(tr))    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soner_Yalçın) (Soner Yalçın) Yalçın, Soner (June 2014). Kayıp Sicil: Erdoğan'ın Çalınan Dosyası . Vol. 1. Istanbul: Kırmızı Kedi Publishing House. p. 19. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-605-4927-40-1) (Special:BookSources/978-605-4927-40-1) 978-605-4927-40-1  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kay%C4%B1p+Sicil%3A+Erdo%C4%9Fan%27%C4%B1n+%C3%87al%C4%B1nan+Dosyas%C4%B1&rft.place=Istanbul&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=K%C4%B1rm%C4%B1z%C4%B1+Kedi+Publishing+House&rft.date=2014-06&rft.isbn=978-605-4927-40-1&rft.aulast=Yal%C3%A7%C4%B1n&rft.aufirst=Soner&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)        Further reading  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Akyol, Çiğdem (2015). Generation Erdoğan (1. ed.). Kremayr & Scheriau. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-218-00969-0) (Special:BookSources/978-3-218-00969-0) 978-3-218-00969-0  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Generation+Erdo%C4%9Fan&rft.edition=1.&rft.pub=Kremayr+%26+Scheriau&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-3-218-00969-0&rft.aulast=Akyol&rft.aufirst=%C3%87i%C4%9Fdem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Akdoğan, Yalçın (2018). Political leadership and Erdoğan . Cambridge Scholars Publishing. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5275-0627-5) (Special:BookSources/978-1-5275-0627-5) 978-1-5275-0627-5  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+leadership+and+Erdo%C4%9Fan&rft.pub=Cambridge+Scholars+Publishing&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-5275-0627-5&rft.aulast=Akdo%C4%9Fan&rft.aufirst=Yal%C3%A7%C4%B1n&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Bechev, Dimitar (2022). Turkey Under Erdogan . Yale University Press. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-26501-9) (Special:BookSources/978-0-300-26501-9) 978-0-300-26501-9  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Turkey+Under+Erdogan&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-0-300-26501-9&rft.aulast=Bechev&rft.aufirst=Dimitar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARecep+Tayyip+Erdo%C4%9Fan)   Cagaptay, Soner. The new sultan: Erdogan and the crisis of modern Turkey (2nd ed. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2020). (https://muse.jhu.edu/article/693096/summary) online review  Cagaptay, Soner. "Making Turkey Great Again." Fletcher Forum of World Affairs 43 (2019): 169–78. (https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/uploads/Documents/opeds/Cagaptay20190206-FletcherForum.pdf) online (https://web.archive.org/web/20200712080342/https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/uploads/Documents/opeds/Cagaptay20190206-FletcherForum.pdf) Archived 12 July 2020 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)   Kirişci, Kemal, and Amanda Sloat. "The rise and fall of liberal democracy in Turkey: Implications for the West" Foreign Policy at Brookings (2019) (https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/FP_20190226_turkey_kirisci_sloat.pdf) online  Tziarras, Zenonas. "Erdoganist authoritarianism and the 'new' Turkey." Southeast European and Black Sea Studies 18.4 (2018): 593–598. (http://www.academia.edu/download/58131132/Erdoganist_authoritarianism_and_the_new_Turkey.pdf) online (./Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links)  (./Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_January_2025)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot) (Wikipedia:Link rot) (Dead link tagged January 2025) dead link   ]     Yavuz, M. Hakan. "A framework for understanding the Intra-Islamist conflict between the AK party and the Gülen movement." Politics, Religion & Ideology 19.1 (2018): 11–32. (http://www.academia.edu/download/56556625/A_Framework_for_Understanding_the_Intra_Islamist_Conflict_Between_the_AK_Party_and_the_G_len_Movement.pdf) online (./Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links)  (./Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_January_2025)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot) (Wikipedia:Link rot) (Dead link tagged January 2025) dead link   ]     Yesil, Bilge.Media in New Turkey: The Origins of an Authoritarian Neoliberal State (University of Illinois Press, 2016) (https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/viewFile/8371/2230) online review    External links   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409)   Recep Tayyip Erdoğan at Wikipedia's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects) (Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects) sister projects   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg) (Wikimedia Commons logo)    (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Recep%20Tayyip%20Erdoğan) (c:Category:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan) Media from Commons  ()    (https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Recep%20Tayyip%20Erdoğan) (q:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan) Quotations from Wikiquote  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg) (Wikisource logo)    (https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Recep%20Tayyip%20Erdoğan) (s:Author:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan) Texts from Wikisource  ()    (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39259) (d:Q39259) Data from Wikidata      (./Category:Pages_using_Sister_project_links_with_wikidata_namespace_mismatch#c)   (https://www.tccb.gov.tr/en/receptayyiperdogan/) Official website   (./Category:Official_website_different_in_Wikidata_and_Wikipedia)  of President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (https://www.c-span.org/person/?1024197) Appearances on  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-SPAN) (C-SPAN) C-SPAN (./Category:People_appearing_on_C-SPAN)   (https://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/e/recep_tayyip_erdogan/index.html) Recep Tayyip Erdoğan collected news and commentary at  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times) (The New York Times) The New York Times   (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/aug/30/welcome-to-demokrasi-how-erdogan-got-more-popular-than-ever) Welcome to demokrasi: how Erdoğan got more popular than ever by (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian) (The Guardian) The Guardian    Political offices   Preceded by(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurettin_Sözen) (Nurettin Sözen) Nurettin Sözen   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayor_of_Istanbul) (Mayor of Istanbul) Mayor of Istanbul   1994–1998 Succeeded by(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Müfit_Gürtuna) (Ali Müfit Gürtuna) Ali Müfit Gürtuna    Preceded by(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_Gül) (Abdullah Gül) Abdullah Gül   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Turkey) (Prime Minister of Turkey) Prime Minister of Turkey   2003–2014 Succeeded by(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Davutoğlu) (Ahmet Davutoğlu) Ahmet Davutoğlu    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Turkey) (President of Turkey) President of Turkey   2014–present Incumbent   Party political offices   New office  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)) (Justice and Development Party (Turkey)) Leader of the Justice and Development Party   2001–2014 Succeeded by(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Davutoğlu) (Ahmet Davutoğlu) Ahmet Davutoğlu    Preceded by(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binali_Yıldırım) (Binali Yıldırım) Binali Yıldırım   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)) (Justice and Development Party (Turkey)) Leader of the Justice and Development Party   2017–present Incumbent   Diplomatic posts   Preceded by(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Abbott) (Tony Abbott) Tony Abbott   Chairperson of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_of_20) (Group of 20) Group of 20   2015 Succeeded by(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi_Jinping) (Xi Jinping) Xi Jinping    Preceded by(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilham_Aliyev) (Ilham Aliyev) Ilham Aliyev   Chairman of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organization_of_Turkic_States) (Organization of Turkic States) Organization of Turkic States   2021–2022 Succeeded by(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shavkat_Mirziyoyev) (Shavkat Mirziyoyev) Shavkat Mirziyoyev      (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)    (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan) (Template:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan) (View this template) v   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan) (Template talk:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan) (Discuss this template) t   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan) (Special:EditPage/Template:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan) (Edit this template) e     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan) Recep Tayyip Erdoğan    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Turkey) (List of prime ministers of Turkey) 25th (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Turkey) (Prime Minister of Turkey) Prime Minister of Turkey (2003–2014)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Turkey) (List of presidents of Turkey) 12th (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Turkey) (President of Turkey) President of Turkey (2014–present)  Member of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/23rd_Parliament_of_Turkey) (23rd Parliament of Turkey) 23rd and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/24th_Parliament_of_Turkey) (24th Parliament of Turkey) 24th Parliament (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul_(1st_electoral_district)) (Istanbul (1st electoral district)) Istanbul 1st electoral district (2007–2011; 2011–2015)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/22nd_Parliament_of_Turkey) (22nd Parliament of Turkey) Member of the 22nd Parliament (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siirt_(electoral_district)) (Siirt (electoral district)) Siirt electoral district (2002–2007)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)) (Justice and Development Party (Turkey)) 1st and 4th Leader of the Justice and Development Party (2001–2014; 2017–present)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Istanbul) (List of mayors of Istanbul) 28th Mayor of Istanbul (1994–1998)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Premiership_of_Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan) (Premiership of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan) Premiership  Cabinets (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/59th_cabinet_of_Turkey) (59th cabinet of Turkey) 59th  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/60th_cabinet_of_Turkey) (60th cabinet of Turkey) 60th  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/61st_cabinet_of_Turkey) (61st cabinet of Turkey) 61st    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_international_prime_ministerial_trips_made_by_Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan) (List of international prime ministerial trips made by Recep Tayyip Erdoğan) Prime ministerial trips  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan_government) (Foreign policy of the Recep Tayyip Erdoğan government) Foreign policy  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_initiative) (Democratic initiative) Democratic initiative  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solution_process) (Solution process) Solution process  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005_Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan_speech_in_Diyarbakır) (2005 Recep Tayyip Erdoğan speech in Diyarbakır) 2005 Diyarbakır speech  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accession_of_Turkey_to_the_European_Union) (Accession of Turkey to the European Union) Turkish EU membership bid  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_Turkish_constitutional_referendum) (2007 Turkish constitutional referendum) 2007 Turkish constitutional referendum  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Turkish_constitutional_referendum) (2010 Turkish constitutional referendum) 2010 Turkish constitutional referendum  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vision_2023) (Vision 2023) Vision 2023  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gezi_Park_protests) (Gezi Park protests) Gezi Park protests  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil–military_relations_during_the_Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan_government) (Civil–military relations during the Recep Tayyip Erdoğan government) Civil–military relations      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan) (Presidency of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan) Presidency  Cabinets (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/66th_cabinet_of_Turkey) (66th cabinet of Turkey) 66th  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/67th_cabinet_of_Turkey) (67th cabinet of Turkey) 67th    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan) (List of international presidential trips made by Recep Tayyip Erdoğan) Presidential trips  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan_university_diploma_controversy) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan university diploma controversy) University diploma controversy  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Böhmermann_affair) (Böhmermann affair) Böhmermann affair  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Turkish_coup_d'état_attempt) (2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt) 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016–present_purges_in_Turkey) (2016–present purges in Turkey) 2016–present purges  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Turkish_constitutional_referendum) (2017 Turkish constitutional referendum) 2017 constitutional referendum  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erdoğan_Iran_poem_controversy) (Erdoğan Iran poem controversy) Iran poem controversy  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_economic_crisis_(2018–current)) (Turkish economic crisis (2018–current)) 2018–present economic crisis  Finnish and Swedish NATO accession bids  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Turkish_protests) (2025 Turkish protests) 2025 Turkish protests  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Sea_Grain_Initiative) (Black Sea Grain Initiative) Grain deal  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_peace_plan) (Gaza peace plan) Gaza peace plan      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan) (Electoral history of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan) Electoral history   Istanbul Mayoral (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_Turkish_local_elections) (1994 Turkish local elections) 1994      Local (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003_Siirt_Province_by-election) (2003 Siirt Province by-election) 2003  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Turkish_local_elections) (2004 Turkish local elections) 2004  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009_Turkish_local_elections) (2009 Turkish local elections) 2009  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Turkish_local_elections) (2014 Turkish local elections) 2014  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Turkish_local_elections) (2019 Turkish local elections) 2019  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Turkish_local_elections) (2024 Turkish local elections) 2024      General (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002_Turkish_general_election) (2002 Turkish general election) 2002  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_Turkish_general_election) (2007 Turkish general election) 2007  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Turkish_general_election) (2011 Turkish general election) 2011      Presidential (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Turkish_presidential_election) (2014 Turkish presidential election) 2014 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan_presidential_campaign) (2014 Recep Tayyip Erdoğan presidential campaign) campaign    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Turkish_presidential_election) (2018 Turkish presidential election) 2018 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan_presidential_campaign) (2018 Recep Tayyip Erdoğan presidential campaign) campaign    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Turkish_presidential_election) (2023 Turkish presidential election) 2023 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan_2023_presidential_campaign) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan 2023 presidential campaign) campaign  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_inauguration_of_Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan) (Third inauguration of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan) inauguration             Works (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mas-Kom-Yah) (Mas-Kom-Yah) Mas-Kom-Yah  (1975 play) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/This_Song_Doesn't_End_Here) (This Song Doesn't End Here) This Song Doesn't End Here  (1999 album) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Fairer_World_Is_Possible) (A Fairer World Is Possible) A Fairer World Is Possible  (2021 book)     Family (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emine_Erdoğan) (Emine Erdoğan) Emine Erdoğan (wife) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Burak_Erdoğan) (Ahmet Burak Erdoğan) Ahmet Burak Erdoğan (son) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilal_Erdoğan) (Bilal Erdoğan) Necmettin Bilal Erdoğan (son) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esra_Erdoğan) (Esra Erdoğan) Esra Erdoğan Albayrak (daughter) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sümeyye_Erdoğan) (Sümeyye Erdoğan) Sümeyye Erdoğan Bayraktar (daughter) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berat_Albayrak) (Berat Albayrak) Berat Albayrak (son-in-law) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selçuk_Bayraktar) (Selçuk Bayraktar) Selçuk Bayraktar (son-in-law)     Related (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_life_and_career_of_Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan) (Early life and career of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan) Early life and career  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasımpaşa,_Beyoğlu) (Kasımpaşa, Beyoğlu) Kasımpaşa, Beyoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_image_of_Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan) (Public image of Recep Tayyip Erdoğan) Public image  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_awards_and_honours_received_by_Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan) (List of awards and honours received by Recep Tayyip Erdoğan) Honours and awards  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_honorary_doctorates_awarded_to_Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan) (List of honorary doctorates awarded to Recep Tayyip Erdoğan) Honorary doctorates  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erdoğanism) (Erdoğanism) Erdoğanism  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservative_democracy) (Conservative democracy) Conservative democracy  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_model) (Turkish model) Turkish model  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_world_is_bigger_than_five) (The world is bigger than five) The world is bigger than five  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security_incidents_involving_Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan) (Security incidents involving Recep Tayyip Erdoğan) Assassination threats  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan_Stadium) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Stadium) Recep Tayyip Erdoğan Stadium  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan_University) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University) Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erdoğan_Hospital) (Erdoğan Hospital) Erdoğan Hospital  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey:_Empire_of_Erdogan) (Turkey: Empire of Erdogan) Turkey: Empire of Erdogan   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erdoğan–Gollum_comparison_trials) (Erdoğan–Gollum comparison trials) Erdoğan–Gollum comparison trials  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Ankara_prisoner_exchange) (2024 Ankara prisoner exchange) 2024 Ankara prisoner exchange      (Category) ()    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan) (Category:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan) Category:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan        (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1364279517)    Articles related to Recep Tayyip Erdoğan   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1364279517)    (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Presidents_of_Turkey) (Template:Presidents of Turkey) (View this template) v   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Presidents_of_Turkey) (Template talk:Presidents of Turkey) (Discuss this template) t   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents_of_Turkey) (Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents of Turkey) (Edit this template) e     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Turkey) (President of Turkey) Presidents of Turkey    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Turkey) (List of presidents of Turkey) List      Presidents (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atatürk) (Mustafa Kemal Atatürk) Mustafa Kemal Atatürk  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İsmet_İnönü) (İsmet İnönü) İsmet İnönü  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celâl_Bayar) (Celâl Bayar) Celâl Bayar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cemal_Gürsel) (Cemal Gürsel) Cemal Gürsel  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cevdet_Sunay) (Cevdet Sunay) Cevdet Sunay  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahri_Korutürk) (Fahri Korutürk) Fahri Korutürk  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenan_Evren) (Kenan Evren) Kenan Evren  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turgut_Özal) (Turgut Özal) Turgut Özal  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Süleyman_Demirel) (Süleyman Demirel) Süleyman Demirel  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Necdet_Sezer) (Ahmet Necdet Sezer) Ahmet Necdet Sezer  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_Gül) (Abdullah Gül) Abdullah Gül  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan) Recep Tayyip Erdoğan      Acting presidents (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdülhalik_Renda) (Abdülhalik Renda) Abdülhalik Renda  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekin_Arıburun) (Tekin Arıburun) Tekin Arıburun  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İhsan_Sabri_Çağlayangil) (İhsan Sabri Çağlayangil) İhsan Sabri Çağlayangil  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hüsamettin_Cindoruk) (Hüsamettin Cindoruk) Hüsamettin Cindoruk      Elections (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1923_Turkish_presidential_election) (1923 Turkish presidential election) 1923  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1927_Turkish_presidential_election) (1927 Turkish presidential election) 1927  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931_Turkish_presidential_election) (1931 Turkish presidential election) 1931  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1935_Turkish_presidential_election) (1935 Turkish presidential election) 1935  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1938_Turkish_presidential_election) (1938 Turkish presidential election) 1938  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1939_Turkish_presidential_election) (1939 Turkish presidential election) 1939  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1943_Turkish_presidential_election) (1943 Turkish presidential election) 1943  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1946_Turkish_presidential_election) (1946 Turkish presidential election) 1946  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1950_Turkish_presidential_election) (1950 Turkish presidential election) 1950  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1954_Turkish_presidential_election) (1954 Turkish presidential election) 1954  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1957_Turkish_presidential_election) (1957 Turkish presidential election) 1957  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1961_Turkish_presidential_election) (1961 Turkish presidential election) 1961  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1966_Turkish_presidential_election) (1966 Turkish presidential election) 1966  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1973_Turkish_presidential_election) (1973 Turkish presidential election) 1973  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980_Turkish_presidential_election) (1980 Turkish presidential election) 1980  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1989_Turkish_presidential_election) (1989 Turkish presidential election) 1989  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993_Turkish_presidential_election) (1993 Turkish presidential election) 1993  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000_Turkish_presidential_election) (2000 Turkish presidential election) 2000  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_Turkish_presidential_election) (2007 Turkish presidential election) 2007  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Turkish_presidential_election) (2014 Turkish presidential election) 2014  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Turkish_presidential_election) (2018 Turkish presidential election) 2018  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Turkish_presidential_election) (2023 Turkish presidential election) 2023  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Next_Turkish_presidential_election) (Next Turkish presidential election) Next          (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1364279517)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488)    (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Prime_ministers_of_Turkey) (Template:Prime ministers of Turkey) (View this template) v   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Prime_ministers_of_Turkey) (Template talk:Prime ministers of Turkey) (Discuss this template) t   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prime_ministers_of_Turkey) (Special:EditPage/Template:Prime ministers of Turkey) (Edit this template) e     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Turkey) (Prime Minister of Turkey) Prime ministers of Turkey    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_the_Grand_National_Assembly) (Government of the Grand National Assembly) Government of the Grand  National Assembly  (1920–1923)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atatürk) (Mustafa Kemal Atatürk) Mustafa Kemal Atatürk  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fevzi_Çakmak) (Fevzi Çakmak) Fevzi Çakmak  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rauf_Orbay) (Rauf Orbay) Rauf Orbay  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fethi_Okyar) (Fethi Okyar) Fethi Okyar      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey) (Turkey) Republic of Turkey  (1923–2018)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İsmet_İnönü) (İsmet İnönü) İsmet İnönü  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fethi_Okyar) (Fethi Okyar) Fethi Okyar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İsmet_İnönü) (İsmet İnönü) İsmet İnönü  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celâl_Bayar) (Celâl Bayar) Celâl Bayar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refik_Saydam) (Refik Saydam) Refik Saydam  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Fikri_Tüzer) (Ahmet Fikri Tüzer) Ahmet Fikri Tüzer   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Şükrü_Saracoğlu) (Şükrü Saracoğlu) Şükrü Saracoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Peker) (Recep Peker) Recep Peker  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_Saka) (Hasan Saka) Hasan Saka  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Şemsettin_Günaltay) (Şemsettin Günaltay) Şemsettin Günaltay  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adnan_Menderes) (Adnan Menderes) Adnan Menderes  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cemal_Gürsel) (Cemal Gürsel) Cemal Gürsel  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahri_Özdilek) (Fahri Özdilek) Fahri Özdilek   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İsmet_İnönü) (İsmet İnönü) İsmet İnönü  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suat_Hayri_Ürgüplü) (Suat Hayri Ürgüplü) Suat Hayri Ürgüplü  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Süleyman_Demirel) (Süleyman Demirel) Süleyman Demirel  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihat_Erim) (Nihat Erim) Nihat Erim  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferit_Melen) (Ferit Melen) Ferit Melen  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naim_Talu) (Naim Talu) Naim Talu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bülent_Ecevit) (Bülent Ecevit) Bülent Ecevit  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadi_Irmak) (Sadi Irmak) Sadi Irmak  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Süleyman_Demirel) (Süleyman Demirel) Süleyman Demirel  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bülent_Ecevit) (Bülent Ecevit) Bülent Ecevit  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Süleyman_Demirel) (Süleyman Demirel) Süleyman Demirel  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bülent_Ecevit) (Bülent Ecevit) Bülent Ecevit  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Süleyman_Demirel) (Süleyman Demirel) Süleyman Demirel  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bülent_Ulusu) (Bülent Ulusu) Bülent Ulusu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turgut_Özal) (Turgut Özal) Turgut Özal  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Bozer) (Ali Bozer) Ali Bozer   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yıldırım_Akbulut) (Yıldırım Akbulut) Yıldırım Akbulut  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesut_Yılmaz) (Mesut Yılmaz) Mesut Yılmaz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Süleyman_Demirel) (Süleyman Demirel) Süleyman Demirel  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erdal_İnönü) (Erdal İnönü) Erdal İnönü   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tansu_Çiller) (Tansu Çiller) Tansu Çiller  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesut_Yılmaz) (Mesut Yılmaz) Mesut Yılmaz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necmettin_Erbakan) (Necmettin Erbakan) Necmettin Erbakan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesut_Yılmaz) (Mesut Yılmaz) Mesut Yılmaz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bülent_Ecevit) (Bülent Ecevit) Bülent Ecevit  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_Gül) (Abdullah Gül) Abdullah Gül  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan) Recep Tayyip Erdoğan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Davutoğlu) (Ahmet Davutoğlu) Ahmet Davutoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binali_Yıldırım) (Binali Yıldırım) Binali Yıldırım      Italics denote acting prime ministers.      (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1364279517)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)    (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Heads_of_state_of_republics) (Template:Heads of state of republics) (View this template) v   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Heads_of_state_of_republics) (Template talk:Heads of state of republics) (Discuss this template) t   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Heads_of_state_of_republics) (Special:EditPage/Template:Heads of state of republics) (Edit this template) e     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_current_heads_of_state_and_government) (List of current heads of state and government) Current heads of state of republics    Africa Algeria: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdelmadjid_Tebboune) (Abdelmadjid Tebboune) Tebboune   Angola: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/João_Lourenço) (João Lourenço) Lourenço   Benin: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romuald_Wadagni) (Romuald Wadagni) Wadagni   Botswana: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duma_Boko) (Duma Boko) Boko   Burkina Faso: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Traoré) (Ibrahim Traoré) Traoré  * Burundi: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Évariste_Ndayishimiye) (Évariste Ndayishimiye) Ndayishimiye   Cameroon: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Biya) (Paul Biya) Biya   Cape Verde: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/José_Maria_Neves) (José Maria Neves) Neves   Central African Republic: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faustin-Archange_Touadéra) (Faustin-Archange Touadéra) Touadéra   Chad: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahamat_Déby) (Mahamat Déby) Déby   Comoros: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azali_Assoumani) (Azali Assoumani) Assoumani   Democratic Republic of the Congo: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Félix_Tshisekedi) (Félix Tshisekedi) Tshisekedi   Republic of the Congo: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denis_Sassou_Nguesso) (Denis Sassou Nguesso) Nguesso   Djibouti: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismaïl_Omar_Guelleh) (Ismaïl Omar Guelleh) Guelleh   Egypt: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdel_Fattah_el-Sisi) (Abdel Fattah el-Sisi) el-Sisi   Equatorial Guinea: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teodoro_Obiang_Nguema_Mbasogo) (Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo) Obiang   Eritrea: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaias_Afwerki) (Isaias Afwerki) Isaias   Ethiopia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taye_Atske_Selassie) (Taye Atske Selassie) Selassie   Gabon: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brice_Oligui_Nguema) (Brice Oligui Nguema) Oligui   The Gambia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adama_Barrow) (Adama Barrow) Barrow   Ghana: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Mahama) (John Mahama) Mahama   Guinea: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamady_Doumbouya) (Mamady Doumbouya) Doumbouya   Guinea-Bissau: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horta_Inta-A_Na_Man) (Horta Inta-A Na Man) Inta-A  * Ivory Coast: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alassane_Ouattara) (Alassane Ouattara) Ouattara   Kenya: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Ruto) (William Ruto) Ruto   Liberia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Boakai) (Joseph Boakai) Boakai   Libya: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed_al-Menfi) (Mohamed al-Menfi) al-Menfi  * Madagascar: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Randrianirina) (Michael Randrianirina) Randrianirina   Malawi: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Mutharika) (Peter Mutharika) Mutharika   Mali: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assimi_Goïta) (Assimi Goïta) Goïta   Mauritania: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed_Ould_Ghazouani) (Mohamed Ould Ghazouani) Ould Ghazouani   Mauritius: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dharam_Gokhool) (Dharam Gokhool) Gokhool   Mozambique: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Chapo) (Daniel Chapo) Chapo   Namibia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netumbo_Nandi-Ndaitwah) (Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah) Nandi-Ndaitwah   Niger: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omar_Tiani) (Omar Tiani) Tiani  * Nigeria: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bola_Tinubu) (Bola Tinubu) Tinubu   Rwanda: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Kagame) (Paul Kagame) Kagame   Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahim_Ghali) (Brahim Ghali) Ghali    São Tomé and Príncipe: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_Vila_Nova) (Carlos Vila Nova) Vila Nova   Senegal: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bassirou_Diomaye_Faye) (Bassirou Diomaye Faye) Faye   Seychelles: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Herminie) (Patrick Herminie) Herminie   Sierra Leone: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Maada_Bio) (Julius Maada Bio) Bio   Somalia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_Sheikh_Mohamud) (Hassan Sheikh Mohamud) Hassan   Somaliland: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdirahman_Mohamed_Abdullahi) (Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi) Abdirahman    South Africa: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyril_Ramaphosa) (Cyril Ramaphosa) Ramaphosa   South Sudan: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salva_Kiir) (Salva Kiir) Kiir   Sudan: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdel_Fattah_al-Burhan) (Abdel Fattah al-Burhan) al-Burhan , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malik_Agar) (Malik Agar) Agar , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shams_al-Din_Kabbashi) (Shams al-Din Kabbashi) Kabbashi , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_al-Atta) (Yasser al-Atta) al-Atta , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Jaber) (Ibrahim Jaber) Jaber , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salma_Abdul_Jabbar_al-Mubarak?action=edit&redlink=1) (Salma Abdul Jabbar al-Mubarak (page does not exist)) al-Mubarak , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salah_al-Din_Adam_Tur?action=edit&redlink=1) (Salah al-Din Adam Tur (page does not exist)) Tur , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_Yahya_Ahmed_Hussein?action=edit&redlink=1) (Abdullah Yahya Ahmed Hussein (page does not exist)) Hussein and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nawara_Abu_Muhammad_Muhammad_Taher?action=edit&redlink=1) (Nawara Abu Muhammad Muhammad Taher (page does not exist)) Taher  * Tanzania: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samia_Suluhu_Hassan) (Samia Suluhu Hassan) Suluhu   Togo: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Lucien_Savi_de_Tové) (Jean-Lucien Savi de Tové) Savi de Tové   Tunisia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kais_Saied) (Kais Saied) Saied   Uganda: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoweri_Museveni) (Yoweri Museveni) Museveni   Zambia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakainde_Hichilema) (Hakainde Hichilema) Hichilema   Zimbabwe: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmerson_Mnangagwa) (Emmerson Mnangagwa) Mnangagwa       Asia Bangladesh: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirza_Fakhrul_Islam_Alamgir) (Mirza Fakhrul Islam Alamgir) Alamgir   China: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi_Jinping) (Xi Jinping) Xi   India: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Droupadi_Murmu) (Droupadi Murmu) Murmu   Indonesia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prabowo_Subianto) (Prabowo Subianto) Prabowo   Iran: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masoud_Pezeshkian) (Masoud Pezeshkian) Pezeshkian   Iraq: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nizar_Amidi) (Nizar Amidi) Amidi   Israel: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Herzog) (Isaac Herzog) Herzog   Kazakhstan: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassym-Jomart_Tokayev) (Kassym-Jomart Tokayev) Tokayev   Kyrgyzstan: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadyr_Japarov) (Sadyr Japarov) Japarov   Laos: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thongloun_Sisoulith) (Thongloun Sisoulith) Thongloun   Lebanon: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Aoun) (Joseph Aoun) Aoun   Maldives: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed_Muizzu) (Mohamed Muizzu) Muizzu   Mongolia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukhnaagiin_Khürelsükh) (Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh) Khürelsükh   Myanmar: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Min_Aung_Hlaing) (Min Aung Hlaing) Min Aung Hlaing   Nepal: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram_Chandra_Paudel) (Ram Chandra Paudel) Paudel   North Korea: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Jong_Un) (Kim Jong Un) Kim   Pakistan: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asif_Ali_Zardari) (Asif Ali Zardari) Zardari   Palestine: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmoud_Abbas) (Mahmoud Abbas) Abbas    Philippines: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos) (Bongbong Marcos) Marcos   Singapore: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tharman_Shanmugaratnam) (Tharman Shanmugaratnam) Tharman   South Korea: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Jae_Myung) (Lee Jae Myung) Lee   Sri Lanka: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anura_Kumara_Dissanayake) (Anura Kumara Dissanayake) Dissanayake   Syria: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed_al-Sharaa) (Ahmed al-Sharaa) al-Sharaa  * Taiwan: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lai_Ching-te) (Lai Ching-te) Lai    Tajikistan: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emomali_Rahmon) (Emomali Rahmon) Rahmon   Timor-Leste: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/José_Ramos-Horta) (José Ramos-Horta) Ramos-Horta   Turkmenistan: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serdar_Berdimuhamedow) (Serdar Berdimuhamedow) Berdimuhamedow   Uzbekistan: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shavkat_Mirziyoyev) (Shavkat Mirziyoyev) Mirziyoyev   Vietnam: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tô_Lâm) (Tô Lâm) Tô   Yemen: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashad_al-Alimi) (Rashad al-Alimi) al-Alimi       Europe Abkhazia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badra_Gunba) (Badra Gunba) Gunba    Albania: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bajram_Begaj) (Bajram Begaj) Begaj   Armenia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vahagn_Khachaturyan) (Vahagn Khachaturyan) Khachaturyan   Austria: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Van_der_Bellen) (Alexander Van der Bellen) Van der Bellen   Azerbaijan: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilham_Aliyev) (Ilham Aliyev) Aliyev   Belarus: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Lukashenko) (Alexander Lukashenko) Lukashenko   Bosnia and Herzegovina: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denis_Bećirović) (Denis Bećirović) Bećirović , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Željka_Cvijanović) (Željka Cvijanović) Cvijanović and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Željko_Komšić) (Željko Komšić) Komšić   Bulgaria: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iliana_Iotova) (Iliana Iotova) Iotova   Croatia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoran_Milanović) (Zoran Milanović) Milanović   Cyprus: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikos_Christodoulides) (Nikos Christodoulides) Christodoulides   Czech Republic: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petr_Pavel) (Petr Pavel) Pavel   Estonia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alar_Karis) (Alar Karis) Karis   Finland: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Stubb) (Alexander Stubb) Stubb   France: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron) (Emmanuel Macron) Macron   Georgia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikheil_Kavelashvili) (Mikheil Kavelashvili) Kavelashvili   Germany: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank-Walter_Steinmeier) (Frank-Walter Steinmeier) Steinmeier   Greece: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantinos_Tasoulas) (Konstantinos Tasoulas) Tasoulas   Hungary: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/András_Baka) (András Baka) Baka   Iceland: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halla_Tómasdóttir) (Halla Tómasdóttir) Halla   Ireland: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Connolly) (Catherine Connolly) Connolly   Italy: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergio_Mattarella) (Sergio Mattarella) Mattarella   Kosovo: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albulena_Haxhiu) (Albulena Haxhiu) Haxhiu  *  Latvia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgars_Rinkēvičs) (Edgars Rinkēvičs) Rinkēvičs   Lithuania: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gitanas_Nausėda) (Gitanas Nausėda) Nausėda   Malta: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myriam_Spiteri_Debono) (Myriam Spiteri Debono) Spiteri Debono   Moldova: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maia_Sandu) (Maia Sandu) Sandu   Montenegro: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakov_Milatović) (Jakov Milatović) Milatović   Northern Cyprus: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tufan_Erhürman) (Tufan Erhürman) Erhürman    North Macedonia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordana_Siljanovska-Davkova) (Gordana Siljanovska-Davkova) Siljanovska-Davkova   Poland: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karol_Nawrocki) (Karol Nawrocki) Nawrocki   Portugal: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/António_José_Seguro) (António José Seguro) Seguro   Romania: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicușor_Dan) (Nicușor Dan) Dan   Russia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin) Putin   San Marino: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice_Mina) (Alice Mina) Mina and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimiro_Selva) (Vladimiro Selva) Selva   Serbia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandar_Vučić) (Aleksandar Vučić) Vučić   Slovakia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Pellegrini) (Peter Pellegrini) Pellegrini   Slovenia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nataša_Pirc_Musar) (Nataša Pirc Musar) Pirc Musar   South Ossetia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marat_Kambolov) (Marat Kambolov) Kambolov  *  Switzerland: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy_Parmelin) (Guy Parmelin) Parmelin , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignazio_Cassis) (Ignazio Cassis) Cassis , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karin_Keller-Sutter) (Karin Keller-Sutter) Keller-Sutter , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Rösti) (Albert Rösti) Rösti , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Élisabeth_Baume-Schneider) (Élisabeth Baume-Schneider) Baume-Schneider , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beat_Jans) (Beat Jans) Jans and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Pfister) (Martin Pfister) Pfister   Transnistria: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vadim_Krasnoselsky) (Vadim Krasnoselsky) Krasnoselsky    Turkey: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan) Erdoğan   Ukraine: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volodymyr_Zelenskyy) (Volodymyr Zelenskyy) Zelenskyy       North America Barbados: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffrey_Bostic) (Jeffrey Bostic) Bostic   Costa Rica: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laura_Fernández) (Laura Fernández) Fernández   Cuba: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miguel_Díaz-Canel) (Miguel Díaz-Canel) Díaz-Canel   Dominica: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sylvanie_Burton) (Sylvanie Burton) Burton   Dominican Republic: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Abinader) (Luis Abinader) Abinader   El Salvador: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nayib_Bukele) (Nayib Bukele) Bukele   Guatemala: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernardo_Arévalo) (Bernardo Arévalo) Arévalo   Haiti: vacant  Honduras: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasry_Asfura) (Nasry Asfura) Asfura   Mexico: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claudia_Sheinbaum) (Claudia Sheinbaum) Sheinbaum   Nicaragua: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Ortega) (Daniel Ortega) Ortega and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosario_Murillo) (Rosario Murillo) Murillo   Panama: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/José_Raúl_Mulino) (José Raúl Mulino) Mulino   Trinidad and Tobago: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christine_Kangaloo) (Christine Kangaloo) Kangaloo   United States: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump) (Donald Trump) Trump       South America Argentina: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javier_Milei) (Javier Milei) Milei   Bolivia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodrigo_Paz) (Rodrigo Paz) Paz   Brazil: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luiz_Inácio_Lula_da_Silva) (Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva) Lula   Chile: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/José_Antonio_Kast) (José Antonio Kast) Kast   Colombia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abelardo_de_la_Espriella) (Abelardo de la Espriella) de la Espriella   Ecuador: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Noboa) (Daniel Noboa) Noboa   Guyana: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irfaan_Ali) (Irfaan Ali) Ali   Paraguay: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santiago_Peña) (Santiago Peña) Peña   Peru: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keiko_Fujimori) (Keiko Fujimori) Fujimori   Suriname: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jennifer_Geerlings-Simons) (Jennifer Geerlings-Simons) Geerlings-Simons   Uruguay: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yamandú_Orsi) (Yamandú Orsi) Orsi   Venezuela: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolás_Maduro) (Nicolás Maduro) Nicolás Maduro  (de jure) , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delcy_Rodríguez) (Delcy Rodríguez) Delcy Rodríguez  * (de facto)      Oceania Fiji: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naiqama_Lalabalavu) (Naiqama Lalabalavu) Lalabalavu   Kiribati: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taneti_Maamau) (Taneti Maamau) Maamau   Marshall Islands: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilda_Heine) (Hilda Heine) Heine   Federated States of Micronesia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wesley_Simina) (Wesley Simina) Simina   Nauru: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Adeang) (David Adeang) Adeang   Palau: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surangel_Whipps_Jr.) (Surangel Whipps Jr.) Whipps Jr.   Samoa: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuimalealiʻifano_Vaʻaletoʻa_Sualauvi_II) (Tuimalealiʻifano Vaʻaletoʻa Sualauvi II) Sualauvi   Vanuatu: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikenike_Vurobaravu) (Nikenike Vurobaravu) Vurobaravu       Asterisks (*) indicate an acting head of state Italics indicate a head of state of non-UN member state         (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1364279517)    (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Current_NATO_leaders) (Template:Current NATO leaders) (View this template) v   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Current_NATO_leaders) (Template talk:Current NATO leaders) (Discuss this template) t   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Current_NATO_leaders) (Special:EditPage/Template:Current NATO leaders) (Edit this template) e     Leaders of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Member_states_of_NATO) (Member states of NATO) NATO member states    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretary_General_of_NATO) (Secretary General of NATO) Secretary General : (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Rutte) (Mark Rutte) Rutte        Albania: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edi_Rama) (Edi Rama) Rama   Belgium: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bart_De_Wever) (Bart De Wever) De Wever   Bulgaria: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumen_Radev) (Rumen Radev) Radev   Canada: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Carney) (Mark Carney) Carney   Croatia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrej_Plenković) (Andrej Plenković) Plenković   Czech Republic: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrej_Babiš) (Andrej Babiš) Babiš   Denmark: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mette_Frederiksen) (Mette Frederiksen) Frederiksen   Estonia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristen_Michal) (Kristen Michal) Michal   Finland: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petteri_Orpo) (Petteri Orpo) Orpo   France: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron) (Emmanuel Macron) Macron   Germany: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Merz) (Friedrich Merz) Merz   Greece: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyriakos_Mitsotakis) (Kyriakos Mitsotakis) Mitsotakis   Hungary: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Péter_Magyar) (Péter Magyar) Magyar   Iceland: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristrún_Frostadóttir) (Kristrún Frostadóttir) Kristrún   Italy: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giorgia_Meloni) (Giorgia Meloni) Meloni   Latvia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andris_Kulbergs) (Andris Kulbergs) Kulbergs   Lithuania: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gitanas_Nausėda) (Gitanas Nausėda) Nausėda   Luxembourg: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luc_Frieden) (Luc Frieden) Frieden   Montenegro: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milojko_Spajić) (Milojko Spajić) Spajić   Netherlands: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rob_Jetten) (Rob Jetten) Jetten   North Macedonia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hristijan_Mickoski) (Hristijan Mickoski) Mickoski   Norway: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonas_Gahr_Støre) (Jonas Gahr Støre) Støre   Poland: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Tusk) (Donald Tusk) Tusk   Portugal: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luís_Montenegro) (Luís Montenegro) Montenegro   Romania: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicușor_Dan) (Nicușor Dan) Dan   Slovakia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Fico) (Robert Fico) Fico   Slovenia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janez_Janša) (Janez Janša) Janša   Spain: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Sánchez) (Pedro Sánchez) Sánchez   Sweden: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulf_Kristersson) (Ulf Kristersson) Kristersson   Turkey: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan) Erdoğan   United Kingdom: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andy_Burnham) (Andy Burnham) Burnham   United States: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump) (Donald Trump) Trump          (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1364279517)    (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Current_G20_leaders) (Template:Current G20 leaders) (View this template) v   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Current_G20_leaders) (Template talk:Current G20 leaders) (Discuss this template) t   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Current_G20_leaders) (Special:EditPage/Template:Current G20 leaders) (Edit this template) e     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G20) (G20) Leaders of the G20    African Union: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Évariste_Ndayishimiye) (Évariste Ndayishimiye) Ndayishimiye  / (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahamoud_Ali_Youssouf) (Mahamoud Ali Youssouf) Youssouf  Argentina: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javier_Milei) (Javier Milei) Milei   Australia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Albanese) (Anthony Albanese) Albanese   Brazil: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luiz_Inácio_Lula_da_Silva) (Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva) Lula   Canada: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Carney) (Mark Carney) Carney   China: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi_Jinping) (Xi Jinping) Xi   European Union: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/António_Costa) (António Costa) Costa  / (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ursula_von_der_Leyen) (Ursula von der Leyen) von der Leyen  France: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron) (Emmanuel Macron) Macron   Germany: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Merz) (Friedrich Merz) Merz   India: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi) (Narendra Modi) Modi   Indonesia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prabowo_Subianto) (Prabowo Subianto) Prabowo   Italy: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giorgia_Meloni) (Giorgia Meloni) Meloni   Japan: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanae_Takaichi) (Sanae Takaichi) Takaichi   Mexico: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claudia_Sheinbaum) (Claudia Sheinbaum) Sheinbaum   Russia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin) Putin   Saudi Arabia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia) (Salman of Saudi Arabia) Salman   South Africa: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyril_Ramaphosa) (Cyril Ramaphosa) Ramaphosa   South Korea: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Jae_Myung) (Lee Jae Myung) Lee   Turkey: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan) Erdoğan   United Kingdom: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andy_Burnham) (Andy Burnham) Burnham   United States: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump) (Donald Trump) Trump          (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1364279517)    (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Current_ECO_leaders) (Template:Current ECO leaders) (View this template) v   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Current_ECO_leaders) (Template talk:Current ECO leaders) (Discuss this template) t   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Current_ECO_leaders) (Special:EditPage/Template:Current ECO leaders) (Edit this template) e     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_Cooperation_Organization) (Economic Cooperation Organization) ECO leaders   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan) (Afghanistan) (Afghanistan)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hibatullah_Akhundzada) (Hibatullah Akhundzada) Hibatullah Akhundzada (de facto ) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijan) (Azerbaijan) (Azerbaijan)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilham_Aliyev) (Ilham Aliyev) Ilham Aliyev  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran) (Iran) (Iran)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mojtaba_Khamenei) (Mojtaba Khamenei) Mojtaba Khamenei  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan) (Kazakhstan) (Kazakhstan)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassym-Jomart_Tokayev) (Kassym-Jomart Tokayev) Kassym-Jomart Tokayev  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrgyzstan) (Kyrgyzstan) (Kyrgyzstan)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadyr_Japarov) (Sadyr Japarov) Sadyr Japarov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan) (Pakistan) (Pakistan)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shehbaz_Sharif) (Shehbaz Sharif) Shehbaz Sharif  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajikistan) (Tajikistan) (Tajikistan)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emomali_Rahmon) (Emomali Rahmon) Emomali Rahmon  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey) (Turkey) (Turkey)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan) Recep Tayyip Erdoğan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan) (Turkmenistan) (Turkmenistan)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serdar_Berdimuhamedow) (Serdar Berdimuhamedow) Serdar Berdimuhamedow  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzbekistan) (Uzbekistan) (Uzbekistan)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shavkat_Mirziyoyev) (Shavkat Mirziyoyev) Shavkat Mirziyoyev         (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1364279517)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)    (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Current_heads_of_government) (Template:Current heads of government) (View this template) v   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Current_heads_of_government) (Template talk:Current heads of government) (Discuss this template) t   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Current_heads_of_government) (Special:EditPage/Template:Current heads of government) (Edit this template) e     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_current_heads_of_state_and_government) (List of current heads of state and government) Current heads of government    Africa Algeria: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sifi_Ghrieb) (Sifi Ghrieb) Ghrieb   Angola: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/João_Lourenço) (João Lourenço) Lourenço   Benin: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romuald_Wadagni) (Romuald Wadagni) Wadagni   Botswana: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duma_Boko) (Duma Boko) Boko   Burkina Faso: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Emmanuel_Ouédraogo) (Jean Emmanuel Ouédraogo) Ouédraogo  * Burundi: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nestor_Ntahontuye) (Nestor Ntahontuye) Ntahontuye   Cameroon: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Ngute) (Joseph Ngute) Ngute   Cape Verde: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_Carvalho) (Francisco Carvalho) Carvalho   Central African Republic: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Félix_Moloua) (Félix Moloua) Moloua   Chad: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allamaye_Halina) (Allamaye Halina) Halina   Comoros: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azali_Assoumani) (Azali Assoumani) Assoumani   Democratic Republic of the Congo: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judith_Suminwa) (Judith Suminwa) Suminwa   Republic of the Congo: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatole_Collinet_Makosso) (Anatole Collinet Makosso) Makosso   Djibouti: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismaïl_Omar_Guelleh) (Ismaïl Omar Guelleh) Guelleh   Egypt: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mostafa_Madbouly) (Mostafa Madbouly) Madbouly   Equatorial Guinea: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Osa_Nsue_Nsua) (Manuel Osa Nsue Nsua) Osa   Eritrea: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaias_Afwerki) (Isaias Afwerki) Isaias   Eswatini: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Dlamini) (Russell Dlamini) Dlamini   Ethiopia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abiy_Ahmed) (Abiy Ahmed) Abiy   Gabon: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brice_Oligui_Nguema) (Brice Oligui Nguema) Oligui   The Gambia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adama_Barrow) (Adama Barrow) Barrow   Ghana: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Mahama) (John Mahama) Mahama   Guinea: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bah_Oury) (Bah Oury) Oury   Guinea-Bissau: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilídio_Vieira_Té) (Ilídio Vieira Té) Té   Ivory Coast: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Beugré_Mambé) (Robert Beugré Mambé) Mambé   Kenya: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Ruto) (William Ruto) Ruto   Lesotho: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Matekane) (Sam Matekane) Matekane   Liberia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Boakai) (Joseph Boakai) Boakai   Libya: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Hamid_Dbeibeh) (Abdul Hamid Dbeibeh) Dbeibeh   Madagascar: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamitiana_Rajaonarison) (Mamitiana Rajaonarison) Rajaonarison   Malawi: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Mutharika) (Peter Mutharika) Mutharika   Mali: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assimi_Goïta) (Assimi Goïta) Goïta   Mauritania: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mokhtar_Ould_Djay) (Mokhtar Ould Djay) Djay   Mauritius: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Navin_Ramgoolam) (Navin Ramgoolam) Ramgoolam   Morocco: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aziz_Akhannouch) (Aziz Akhannouch) Akhannouch   Mozambique: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Chapo) (Daniel Chapo) Chapo   Namibia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netumbo_Nandi-Ndaitwah) (Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah) Nandi-Ndaitwah   Niger: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Lamine_Zeine) (Ali Lamine Zeine) Zeine   Nigeria: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bola_Tinubu) (Bola Tinubu) Tinubu   Rwanda: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Nsengiyumva) (Justin Nsengiyumva) Nsengiyumva   Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bouchraya_Hammoudi_Bayoun) (Bouchraya Hammoudi Bayoun) Bouchraya    São Tomé and Príncipe: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Américo_Ramos) (Américo Ramos) Ramos   Senegal: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmadou_Al_Aminou_Lo) (Ahmadou Al Aminou Lo) Lo   Seychelles: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Herminie) (Patrick Herminie) Herminie   Sierra Leone: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Maada_Bio) (Julius Maada Bio) Bio   Somalia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamza_Abdi_Barre) (Hamza Abdi Barre) Hamza   Somaliland: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdirahman_Mohamed_Abdullahi) (Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi) Abdirahman    South Africa: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyril_Ramaphosa) (Cyril Ramaphosa) Ramaphosa   South Sudan: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salva_Kiir) (Salva Kiir) Kiir   Sudan: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamil_Idris) (Kamil Idris) Idris   Tanzania: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samia_Suluhu_Hassan) (Samia Suluhu Hassan) Suluhu   Togo: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faure_Gnassingbé) (Faure Gnassingbé) Gnassingbé   Tunisia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sara_Zaafarani) (Sara Zaafarani) Zaafarani   Uganda: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoweri_Museveni) (Yoweri Museveni) Museveni   Zambia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakainde_Hichilema) (Hakainde Hichilema) Hichilema   Zimbabwe: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmerson_Mnangagwa) (Emmerson Mnangagwa) Mnangagwa       Asia Afghanistan: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_Akhund) (Hasan Akhund) Akhund   Bahrain: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salman_bin_Hamad_Al_Khalifa) (Salman bin Hamad Al Khalifa) Salman   Bangladesh: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarique_Rahman) (Tarique Rahman) Rahman   Bhutan: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tshering_Tobgay) (Tshering Tobgay) Tobgay   Brunei: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassanal_Bolkiah) (Hassanal Bolkiah) Bolkiah   Cambodia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hun_Manet) (Hun Manet) Manet   China: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Qiang) (Li Qiang) Li   India: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi) (Narendra Modi) Modi   Indonesia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prabowo_Subianto) (Prabowo Subianto) Prabowo   Iran: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masoud_Pezeshkian) (Masoud Pezeshkian) Pezeshkian   Iraq: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_al-Zaidi) (Ali al-Zaidi) al-Zaidi   Israel: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu) (Benjamin Netanyahu) Netanyahu   Japan: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanae_Takaichi) (Sanae Takaichi) Takaichi   Jordan: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jafar_Hassan) (Jafar Hassan) Hassan   Kazakhstan: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oljas_Bektenov) (Oljas Bektenov) Bektenov   Kuwait: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_Al-Abdullah_Al-Sabah) (Ahmad Al-Abdullah Al-Sabah) Sabah   Kyrgyzstan: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadyr_Japarov) (Sadyr Japarov) Japarov   Laos: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonexay_Siphandone) (Sonexay Siphandone) Sonexay   Lebanon: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nawaf_Salam) (Nawaf Salam) Salam   Malaysia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_Ibrahim) (Anwar Ibrahim) Anwar   Maldives: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed_Muizzu) (Mohamed Muizzu) Muizzu   Mongolia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyam-Osoryn_Uchral) (Nyam-Osoryn Uchral) Uchral   Myanmar: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Min_Aung_Hlaing) (Min Aung Hlaing) Min Aung Hlaing   Nepal: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balen_Shah) (Balen Shah) Shah   North Korea: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pak_Thae-song) (Pak Thae-song) Pak   Oman: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haitham_bin_Tariq) (Haitham bin Tariq) Haitham   Pakistan: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shehbaz_Sharif) (Shehbaz Sharif) Shehbaz   Palestine: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Mustafa_(politician)) (Mohammad Mustafa (politician)) Mustafa    Philippines: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos) (Bongbong Marcos) Marcos   Qatar: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Abdulrahman_bin_Jassim_Al_Thani) (Mohammed bin Abdulrahman bin Jassim Al Thani) Mohammed   Saudi Arabia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Salman) (Mohammed bin Salman) Mohammed   Singapore: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Wong) (Lawrence Wong) Wong   South Korea: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Jae_Myung) (Lee Jae Myung) Lee   Sri Lanka: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anura_Kumara_Dissanayake) (Anura Kumara Dissanayake) Dissanayake   Syria: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed_al-Sharaa) (Ahmed al-Sharaa) al-Sharaa   Taiwan: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cho_Jung-tai) (Cho Jung-tai) Cho    Tajikistan: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qohir_Rasulzoda) (Qohir Rasulzoda) Rasulzoda   Thailand: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anutin_Charnvirakul) (Anutin Charnvirakul) Anutin   Timor-Leste: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanana_Gusmão) (Xanana Gusmão) Gusmão   Turkmenistan: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serdar_Berdimuhamedow) (Serdar Berdimuhamedow) Berdimuhamedow   United Arab Emirates: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Rashid_Al_Maktoum) (Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum) Mohammed   Uzbekistan: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdulla_Aripov) (Abdulla Aripov) Aripov   Vietnam: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lê_Minh_Hưng) (Lê Minh Hưng) Hưng   Yemen: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaya_al-Zindani) (Shaya al-Zindani) Zindani       Europe Abkhazia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badra_Gunba) (Badra Gunba) Gunba    Albania: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edi_Rama) (Edi Rama) Rama   Andorra: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xavier_Espot_Zamora) (Xavier Espot Zamora) Espot   Armenia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikol_Pashinyan) (Nikol Pashinyan) Pashinyan   Austria: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_Stocker) (Christian Stocker) Stocker   Azerbaijan: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Asadov) (Ali Asadov) Asadov   Belarus: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Turchin) (Aleksandr Turchin) Turchin   Belgium: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bart_De_Wever) (Bart De Wever) De Wever   Bosnia and Herzegovina: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borjana_Krišto) (Borjana Krišto) Krišto   Bulgaria: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumen_Radev) (Rumen Radev) Radev   Croatia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrej_Plenković) (Andrej Plenković) Plenković   Cyprus: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikos_Christodoulides) (Nikos Christodoulides) Christodoulides   Czech Republic: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrej_Babiš) (Andrej Babiš) Babiš   Denmark: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mette_Frederiksen) (Mette Frederiksen) Frederiksen   Estonia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristen_Michal) (Kristen Michal) Michal   Finland: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petteri_Orpo) (Petteri Orpo) Orpo   France: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sébastien_Lecornu) (Sébastien Lecornu) Lecornu   Georgia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irakli_Kobakhidze) (Irakli Kobakhidze) Kobakhidze   Germany: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Merz) (Friedrich Merz) Merz   Greece: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyriakos_Mitsotakis) (Kyriakos Mitsotakis) Mitsotakis   Hungary: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Péter_Magyar) (Péter Magyar) Magyar   Iceland: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristrún_Frostadóttir) (Kristrún Frostadóttir) Kristrún   Ireland: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micheál_Martin) (Micheál Martin) Martin   Italy: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giorgia_Meloni) (Giorgia Meloni) Meloni   Kosovo: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albin_Kurti) (Albin Kurti) Kurti    Latvia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andris_Kulbergs) (Andris Kulbergs) Kulbergs   Liechtenstein: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brigitte_Haas) (Brigitte Haas) Haas   Lithuania: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindaugas_Sinkevičius) (Mindaugas Sinkevičius) Sinkevičius   Luxembourg: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luc_Frieden) (Luc Frieden) Frieden   Malta: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Abela) (Robert Abela) Abela   Moldova: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasile_Tofan) (Vasile Tofan) Tofan   Monaco: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christophe_Mirmand) (Christophe Mirmand) Mirmand   Montenegro: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milojko_Spajić) (Milojko Spajić) Spajić   Netherlands: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rob_Jetten) (Rob Jetten) Jetten   Northern Cyprus: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ünal_Üstel) (Ünal Üstel) Üstel    North Macedonia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hristijan_Mickoski) (Hristijan Mickoski) Mickoski   Norway: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonas_Gahr_Støre) (Jonas Gahr Støre) Støre   Poland: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Tusk) (Donald Tusk) Tusk   Portugal: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luís_Montenegro) (Luís Montenegro) Montenegro   Romania: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilie_Bolojan) (Ilie Bolojan) Bolojan  * Russia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Mishustin) (Mikhail Mishustin) Mishustin   San Marino: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luca_Beccari) (Luca Beccari) Beccari   Serbia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Đuro_Macut) (Đuro Macut) Macut   Slovakia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Fico) (Robert Fico) Fico   Slovenia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janez_Janša) (Janez Janša) Janša   South Ossetia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marat_Kambolov) (Marat Kambolov) Kambolov    Spain: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro_Sánchez) (Pedro Sánchez) Sánchez   Sweden: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulf_Kristersson) (Ulf Kristersson) Kristersson   Switzerland: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy_Parmelin) (Guy Parmelin) Parmelin , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignazio_Cassis) (Ignazio Cassis) Cassis , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karin_Keller-Sutter) (Karin Keller-Sutter) Keller-Sutter , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Rösti) (Albert Rösti) Rösti , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Élisabeth_Baume-Schneider) (Élisabeth Baume-Schneider) Baume-Schneider , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beat_Jans) (Beat Jans) Jans and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Pfister) (Martin Pfister) Pfister   Transnistria: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Rozenberg) (Aleksandr Rozenberg) Rozenberg    Turkey: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan) Erdoğan   Ukraine: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serhii_Koretskyi) (Serhii Koretskyi) Koretskyi   United Kingdom: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andy_Burnham) (Andy Burnham) Burnham   Vatican City: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raffaella_Petrini) (Raffaella Petrini) Petrini        North America Antigua and Barbuda: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaston_Browne) (Gaston Browne) Browne   The Bahamas: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Davis_(Bahamian_politician)) (Philip Davis (Bahamian politician)) Davis   Barbados: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mia_Mottley) (Mia Mottley) Mottley   Belize: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny_Briceño) (Johnny Briceño) Briceño   Canada: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Carney) (Mark Carney) Carney   Costa Rica: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laura_Fernández) (Laura Fernández) Fernández   Cuba: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_Marrero_Cruz) (Manuel Marrero Cruz) Marrero Cruz   Dominica: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roosevelt_Skerrit) (Roosevelt Skerrit) Skerrit   Dominican Republic: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Abinader) (Luis Abinader) Abinader   El Salvador: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nayib_Bukele) (Nayib Bukele) Bukele   Grenada: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dickon_Mitchell) (Dickon Mitchell) Mitchell   Guatemala: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernardo_Arévalo) (Bernardo Arévalo) Arévalo   Haiti: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alix_Didier_Fils-Aimé) (Alix Didier Fils-Aimé) Fils-Aimé  * Honduras: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasry_Asfura) (Nasry Asfura) Asfura   Jamaica: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Holness) (Andrew Holness) Holness   Mexico: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claudia_Sheinbaum) (Claudia Sheinbaum) Sheinbaum   Nicaragua: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Ortega) (Daniel Ortega) Ortega and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosario_Murillo) (Rosario Murillo) Murillo   Panama: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/José_Raúl_Mulino) (José Raúl Mulino) Mulino   Saint Kitts and Nevis: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrance_Drew) (Terrance Drew) Drew   Saint Lucia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_J._Pierre) (Philip J. Pierre) Pierre   Saint Vincent and the Grenadines: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Godwin_Friday) (Godwin Friday) Friday   Trinidad and Tobago: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamla_Persad-Bissessar) (Kamla Persad-Bissessar) Persad-Bissessar   United States: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump) (Donald Trump) Trump       South America Argentina: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javier_Milei) (Javier Milei) Milei   Bolivia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodrigo_Paz) (Rodrigo Paz) Paz   Brazil: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luiz_Inácio_Lula_da_Silva) (Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva) Lula   Chile: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/José_Antonio_Kast) (José Antonio Kast) Kast   Colombia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abelardo_de_la_Espriella) (Abelardo de la Espriella) de la Espriella   Ecuador: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Noboa) (Daniel Noboa) Noboa   Guyana: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irfaan_Ali) (Irfaan Ali) Ali   Paraguay: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santiago_Peña) (Santiago Peña) Peña   Peru: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keiko_Fujimori) (Keiko Fujimori) Fujimori   Suriname: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jennifer_Geerlings-Simons) (Jennifer Geerlings-Simons) Geerlings-Simons   Uruguay: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yamandú_Orsi) (Yamandú Orsi) Orsi   Venezuela: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolás_Maduro) (Nicolás Maduro) Nicolás Maduro  (de jure) , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delcy_Rodríguez) (Delcy Rodríguez) Delcy Rodríguez  * (de facto)      Oceania Australia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Albanese) (Anthony Albanese) Albanese   Cook Islands: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Brown_(Cook_Islands_politician)) (Mark Brown (Cook Islands politician)) Brown    Fiji: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sitiveni_Rabuka) (Sitiveni Rabuka) Rabuka   Kiribati: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taneti_Maamau) (Taneti Maamau) Maamau   Marshall Islands: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilda_Heine) (Hilda Heine) Heine   Federated States of Micronesia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wesley_Simina) (Wesley Simina) Simina   Nauru: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Adeang) (David Adeang) Adeang   New Zealand: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Luxon) (Christopher Luxon) Luxon   Niue: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalton_Tagelagi) (Dalton Tagelagi) Tagelagi    Palau: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surangel_Whipps_Jr.) (Surangel Whipps Jr.) Whipps Jr.   Papua New Guinea: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Marape) (James Marape) Marape   Samoa: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laʻauli_Leuatea_Schmidt) (Laʻauli Leuatea Schmidt) Schmidt   Solomon Islands: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Wale) (Matthew Wale) Wale   Tonga: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatafehi_Fakafānua) (Fatafehi Fakafānua) Fakafānua   Tuvalu: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feleti_Teo) (Feleti Teo) Teo   Vanuatu: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jotham_Napat) (Jotham Napat) Napat       Asterisks (*) indicate an acting head of government Italics indicate a head of government of non-UN member state         (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1364279517)    (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cabinet_Erdoğan_I) (Template:Cabinet Erdoğan I) (View this template) v   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Cabinet_Erdoğan_I) (Template talk:Cabinet Erdoğan I) (Discuss this template) t   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cabinet_Erdoğan_I) (Special:EditPage/Template:Cabinet Erdoğan I) (Edit this template) e     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_Erdoğan_I) (Cabinet Erdoğan I) First Erdoğan Cabinet (2003–2007)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_Turkey) (Cabinet of Turkey) Cabinet       (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Turkey) (Prime Minister of Turkey) Prime Minister  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan) Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (2003–2014)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Seal_of_Prime_Ministry_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey.svg)        (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_(Turkey)) (Deputy Prime Minister (Turkey)) Deputy Prime Ministers  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_Gül) (Abdullah Gül) Abdullah Gül (2003–2007)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Ali_Şahin) (Mehmet Ali Şahin) Mehmet Ali Şahin (2003–2007)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdüllatif_Şener) (Abdüllatif Şener) Abdüllatif Şener (2003–2007)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister_of_State) (Minister of State) Minister of State  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Babacan) (Ali Babacan) Ali Babacan (2003–2007)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Güldal_Akşit) (Güldal Akşit) Güldal Akşit (2003-2005)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nimet_Çubukçu) (Nimet Çubukçu) Nimet Çubukçu (2005–2007)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Aydın) (Mehmet Aydın) Mehmet Aydın (2003–2007)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kürşad_Tüzmen) (Kürşad Tüzmen) Kürşad Tüzmen (2003–2007)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beşir_Atalay) (Beşir Atalay) Beşir Atalay (2003–2007)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_(Turkey)) (Ministry of Justice (Turkey)) Minister of Justice  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cemil_Çiçek) (Cemil Çiçek) Cemil Çiçek (2003–2007)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahri_Kasırga) (Fahri Kasırga) Fahri Kasırga (2007)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Defense_(Turkey)) (Ministry of National Defense (Turkey)) Minister of National Defense  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Vecdi_Gönül) (Mehmet Vecdi Gönül) Mehmet Vecdi Gönül (2003–2007)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Interior_(Turkey)) (Ministry of the Interior (Turkey)) Minister of the Interior  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdülkadir_Aksu) (Abdülkadir Aksu) Abdülkadir Aksu (2003–2007)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osman_Güneş) (Osman Güneş) Osman Güneş (2007)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Turkey)) (Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Turkey)) Minister of Foreign Affairs  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_Gül) (Abdullah Gül) Abdullah Gül (2003–2007)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(Turkey)) (Ministry of Finance (Turkey)) Minister of Finance  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemal_Unakıtan) (Kemal Unakıtan) Kemal Unakıtan (2003–2007)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Education_(Turkey)) (Ministry of National Education (Turkey)) Minister of National Education  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hüseyin_Çelik) (Hüseyin Çelik) Hüseyin Çelik (2003–2007)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Public_Works_and_Settlement_(Turkey)) (Ministry of Public Works and Settlement (Turkey)) Minister of Public Works and Settlement  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeki_Ergezen) (Zeki Ergezen) Zeki Ergezen (2003-2007)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faruk_Nafız_Özak) (Faruk Nafız Özak) Faruk Nafız Özak (2005–2007)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_(Turkey)) (Ministry of Health (Turkey)) Minister of Health  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Akdağ) (Recep Akdağ) Recep Akdağ (2003–2007)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Transport_and_Communication_(Turkey)) (Ministry of Transport and Communication (Turkey)) Minister of Transport and Communication  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binali_Yıldırım) (Binali Yıldırım) Binali Yıldırım (2003–2007)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İsmet_Yılmaz) (İsmet Yılmaz) İsmet Yılmaz (2007)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Agriculture_and_Village_Affairs_(Turkey)) (Ministry of Agriculture and Village Affairs (Turkey)) Minister of Agriculture  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sami_Güçlü) (Sami Güçlü) Sami Güçlü (2003–2005)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Mehdi_Eker) (Mehmet Mehdi Eker) Mehmet Mehdi Eker (2005–2007)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Labour_and_Social_Security_(Turkey)) (Ministry of Labour and Social Security (Turkey)) Minister of Labour and Social Security  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murat_Başesgioğlu) (Murat Başesgioğlu) Murat Başesgioğlu (2003–2007)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Industry_and_Commerce_(Turkey)) (Ministry of Industry and Commerce (Turkey)) Minister of Industry and Commerce  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Coşkun) (Ali Coşkun) Ali Coşkun (2003–2007)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Energy_and_Natural_Resources_(Turkey)) (Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources (Turkey)) Minister of Energy and Natural Resources  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Hilmi_Güler) (Mehmet Hilmi Güler) Mehmet Hilmi Güler (2003–2007)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_and_Tourism_(Turkey)) (Ministry of Culture and Tourism (Turkey)) Minister of Culture and Tourism  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erkan_Mumcu) (Erkan Mumcu) Erkan Mumcu (2003–2005)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atilla_Koç) (Atilla Koç) Atilla Koç (2005–2007)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Environment_and_Forestry_(Turkey)) (Ministry of Environment and Forestry (Turkey)) Minister of Environment and Forestry  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osman_Pepe) (Osman Pepe) Osman Pepe (2003–2007)         (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1364279517)    (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cabinet_Erdoğan_II) (Template:Cabinet Erdoğan II) (View this template) v   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Cabinet_Erdoğan_II) (Template talk:Cabinet Erdoğan II) (Discuss this template) t   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cabinet_Erdoğan_II) (Special:EditPage/Template:Cabinet Erdoğan II) (Edit this template) e     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_Erdoğan_II) (Cabinet Erdoğan II) Second Erdoğan Cabinet (2007–2011)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_Turkey) (Cabinet of Turkey) Cabinet       (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Turkey) (Prime Minister of Turkey) Prime Minister  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan) Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (2003–2014)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Seal_of_Prime_Ministry_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey.svg)        (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_(Turkey)) (Deputy Prime Minister (Turkey)) Deputy Prime Ministers  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cemil_Çiçek) (Cemil Çiçek) Cemil Çiçek (2007–2011)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayati_Yazıcı) (Hayati Yazıcı) Hayati Yazıcı (2007–2009)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bülent_Arınç) (Bülent Arınç) Bülent Arınç (2009–2011)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazım_Ekren) (Nazım Ekren) Nazım Ekren (2007–2009)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Babacan) (Ali Babacan) Ali Babacan (2009–2011)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister_of_State) (Minister of State) Minister of State  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Aydın) (Mehmet Aydın) Mehmet Aydın (2007–2011)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kürşad_Tüzmen) (Kürşad Tüzmen) Kürşad Tüzmen (2007-2009)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Zafer_Çağlayan) (Mehmet Zafer Çağlayan) Mehmet Zafer Çağlayan (2009–2011)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nimet_Çubukçu) (Nimet Çubukçu) Nimet Çubukçu (2007–2009)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selma_Aliye_Kavaf) (Selma Aliye Kavaf) Selma Aliye Kavaf (2009–2011)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cevdet_Yılmaz) (Cevdet Yılmaz) Cevdet Yılmaz (2009–2011)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Sait_Yazıcıoğlu) (Mustafa Sait Yazıcıoğlu) Mustafa Sait Yazıcıoğlu (2007–2009)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faruk_Çelik) (Faruk Çelik) Faruk Çelik (2009–2011)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murat_Başesgioğlu) (Murat Başesgioğlu) Murat Başesgioğlu (2007–2009)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faruk_Nafız_Özak) (Faruk Nafız Özak) Faruk Nafız Özak (2009–2011)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egemen_Bağış) (Egemen Bağış) Egemen Bağış (2009–2011)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayati_Yazıcı) (Hayati Yazıcı) Hayati Yazıcı (2009–2011)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_(Turkey)) (Ministry of Justice (Turkey)) Minister of Justice  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Ali_Şahin) (Mehmet Ali Şahin) Mehmet Ali Şahin (2007–2009)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadullah_Ergin) (Sadullah Ergin) Sadullah Ergin (2009–2011)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Defense_(Turkey)) (Ministry of National Defense (Turkey)) Minister of National Defense  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Vecdi_Gönül) (Mehmet Vecdi Gönül) Mehmet Vecdi Gönül (2007–2011)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Interior_(Turkey)) (Ministry of the Interior (Turkey)) Minister of the Interior  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beşir_Atalay) (Beşir Atalay) Beşir Atalay (2007–2011)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Turkey)) (Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Turkey)) Minister of Foreign Affairs  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Babacan) (Ali Babacan) Ali Babacan (2007–2009)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Davutoğlu) (Ahmet Davutoğlu) Ahmet Davutoğlu (since 2009–2011)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(Turkey)) (Ministry of Finance (Turkey)) Minister of Finance  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemal_Unakıtan) (Kemal Unakıtan) Kemal Unakıtan (2007–2009)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Şimşek) (Mehmet Şimşek) Mehmet Şimşek (2009–2011)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Education_(Turkey)) (Ministry of National Education (Turkey)) Minister of National Education  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hüseyin_Çelik) (Hüseyin Çelik) Hüseyin Çelik (2007–2009)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nimet_Çubukçu) (Nimet Çubukçu) Nimet Çubukçu (2009–2011)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Public_Works_and_Settlement_(Turkey)) (Ministry of Public Works and Settlement (Turkey)) Minister of Public Works and Settlement  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faruk_Nafız_Özak) (Faruk Nafız Özak) Faruk Nafız Özak (2007-2009)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Demir) (Mustafa Demir) Mustafa Demir (2009–2011)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_(Turkey)) (Ministry of Health (Turkey)) Minister of Health  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Akdağ) (Recep Akdağ) Recep Akdağ (2007–2011)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Transport_and_Communication_(Turkey)) (Ministry of Transport and Communication (Turkey)) Minister of Transport and Communication  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binali_Yıldırım) (Binali Yıldırım) Binali Yıldırım (2007–2011)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Agriculture_and_Village_Affairs_(Turkey)) (Ministry of Agriculture and Village Affairs (Turkey)) Minister of Agriculture  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Mehdi_Eker) (Mehmet Mehdi Eker) Mehmet Mehdi Eker (2007–2011)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Labour_and_Social_Security_(Turkey)) (Ministry of Labour and Social Security (Turkey)) Minister of Labour and Social Security  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faruk_Çelik) (Faruk Çelik) Faruk Çelik (2007–2009)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ömer_Dinçer) (Ömer Dinçer) Ömer Dinçer (2009–2011)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Industry_and_Commerce_(Turkey)) (Ministry of Industry and Commerce (Turkey)) Minister of Industry and Commerce  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Zafer_Çağlayan) (Mehmet Zafer Çağlayan) Mehmet Zafer Çağlayan (2007–2009)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihat_Ergün) (Nihat Ergün) Nihat Ergün (2009–2011)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Energy_and_Natural_Resources_(Turkey)) (Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources (Turkey)) Minister of Energy and Natural Resources  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Hilmi_Güler) (Mehmet Hilmi Güler) Mehmet Hilmi Güler (2007–2009)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taner_Yıldız) (Taner Yıldız) Taner Yıldız (2009–2011)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_and_Tourism_(Turkey)) (Ministry of Culture and Tourism (Turkey)) Minister of Culture and Tourism  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ertuğrul_Günay) (Ertuğrul Günay) Ertuğrul Günay (2007–2011)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Environment_and_Forestry_(Turkey)) (Ministry of Environment and Forestry (Turkey)) Minister of Environment and Forestry  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veysel_Eroğlu) (Veysel Eroğlu) Veysel Eroğlu (2007–2011)         (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1364279517)    (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cabinet_Erdoğan_III) (Template:Cabinet Erdoğan III) (View this template) v   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Cabinet_Erdoğan_III) (Template talk:Cabinet Erdoğan III) (Discuss this template) t   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cabinet_Erdoğan_III) (Special:EditPage/Template:Cabinet Erdoğan III) (Edit this template) e     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_Erdoğan_III) (Cabinet Erdoğan III) Third Erdoğan Cabinet (2011–2014)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_Turkey) (Cabinet of Turkey) Cabinet    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Turkey) (Prime Minister of Turkey) Prime Minister  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan) Recep Tayyip Erdoğan (2003–2014)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Seal_of_Prime_Ministry_of_the_Republic_of_Turkey.svg)        (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_(Turkey)) (Deputy Prime Minister (Turkey)) Deputy Prime Ministers  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bülent_Arınç) (Bülent Arınç) Bülent Arınç (2011–2014)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Babacan) (Ali Babacan) Ali Babacan (2011–2014)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beşir_Atalay) (Beşir Atalay) Beşir Atalay (2011–2014)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bekir_Bozdağ) (Bekir Bozdağ) Bekir Bozdağ (2011–2013)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emrullah_İşler) (Emrullah İşler) Emrullah İşler (2013–2014)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_and_Tourism_(Turkey)) (Ministry of Culture and Tourism (Turkey)) Minister of Culture and Tourism  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ertuğrul_Günay) (Ertuğrul Günay) Ertuğrul Günay (2011–2013)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ömer_Çelik) (Ömer Çelik) Ömer Çelik (2013–2014)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Customs_and_Trade_(Turkey)) (Ministry of Customs and Trade (Turkey)) Minister of Customs and Trade  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayati_Yazıcı) (Hayati Yazıcı) Hayati Yazıcı (2011–2014)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Development_(Turkey)) (Ministry of Development (Turkey)) Minister of Development  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cevdet_Yılmaz) (Cevdet Yılmaz) Cevdet Yılmaz (2011–2014)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Economy_(Turkey)) (Ministry of Economy (Turkey)) Minister of Economy  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zafer_Çağlayan) (Zafer Çağlayan) Zafer Çağlayan (2011–2013)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihat_Zeybekçi) (Nihat Zeybekçi) Nihat Zeybekçi (2013–2014)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Energy_and_Natural_Resources_(Turkey)) (Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources (Turkey)) Minister of Energy and Natural Resources  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taner_Yıldız) (Taner Yıldız) Taner Yıldız (2011–2014)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Environment_and_Urban_Planning_(Turkey)) (Ministry of Environment and Urban Planning (Turkey)) Minister of Environment and Urban Planning  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erdoğan_Bayraktar) (Erdoğan Bayraktar) Erdoğan Bayraktar (2011–2013)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İdris_Güllüce) (İdris Güllüce) İdris Güllüce (2013–2014)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_European_Union_Affairs_(Turkey)) (Ministry of European Union Affairs (Turkey)) Minister of European Union Affairs  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egemen_Bağış) (Egemen Bağış) Egemen Bağış (2011–2013)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mevlüt_Çavuşoğlu) (Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu) Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu (2013–2014)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Family_and_Social_Policy_(Turkey)) (Ministry of Family and Social Policy (Turkey)) Minister of Family and Social Policy  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatma_Şahin) (Fatma Şahin) Fatma Şahin (2011–2013)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayşenur_İslam) (Ayşenur İslam) Ayşenur İslam (2013–2014)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Finance_(Turkey)) (Ministry of Finance (Turkey)) Minister of Finance  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Şimşek) (Mehmet Şimşek) Mehmet Şimşek (2011–2014)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Food,_Agriculture_and_Livestock_(Turkey)) (Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Livestock (Turkey)) Minister of Food, Agriculture and Livestock  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Mehdi_Eker) (Mehmet Mehdi Eker) Mehmet Mehdi Eker (2011–2014)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Turkey)) (Minister of Foreign Affairs (Turkey)) Minister of Foreign Affairs  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Davutoğlu) (Ahmet Davutoğlu) Ahmet Davutoğlu (2011–2014)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Forest_and_Water_Management_(Turkey)) (Ministry of Forest and Water Management (Turkey)) Minister of Forest and Water Management  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veysel_Eroğlu) (Veysel Eroğlu) Veysel Eroğlu (2011–2014)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_(Turkey)) (Ministry of Health (Turkey)) Minister of Health  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Akdağ) (Recep Akdağ) Recep Akdağ (2011–2013)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Müezzinoğlu) (Mehmet Müezzinoğlu) Mehmet Müezzinoğlu (2013–2014)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Interior_(Turkey)) (Ministry of Interior (Turkey)) Minister of the Interior  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İdris_Naim_Şahin) (İdris Naim Şahin) İdris Naim Şahin (2011–2013)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muammer_Güler) (Muammer Güler) Muammer Güler (2013–2013)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efkan_Ala) (Efkan Ala) Efkan Ala (2013–2014)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_(Turkey)) (Ministry of Justice (Turkey)) Minister of Justice  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadullah_Ergin) (Sadullah Ergin) Sadullah Ergin (2011–2013)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bekir_Bozdağ) (Bekir Bozdağ) Bekir Bozdağ (2013–2014)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Labour_and_Social_Security_(Turkey)) (Ministry of Labour and Social Security (Turkey)) Minister of Labour and Social Security  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faruk_Çelik) (Faruk Çelik) Faruk Çelik (2011–2014)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Defense_(Turkey)) (Ministry of National Defense (Turkey)) Minister of National Defense  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İsmet_Yılmaz) (İsmet Yılmaz) İsmet Yılmaz (2011–2014)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Education_(Turkey)) (Ministry of National Education (Turkey)) Minister of National Education  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ömer_Dinçer) (Ömer Dinçer) Ömer Dinçer (2011–2013)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabi_Avcı) (Nabi Avcı) Nabi Avcı (2013–2014)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Science,_Industry_and_Technology_(Turkey)) (Ministry of Science, Industry and Technology (Turkey)) Minister of Science, Industry and Technology  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihat_Ergün) (Nihat Ergün) Nihat Ergün (2011–2013)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fikri_Işık) (Fikri Işık) Fikri Işık (2013–2014)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Transport_(Turkey)) (Ministry of Transport (Turkey)) Minister of Transport  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binali_Yıldırım) (Binali Yıldırım) Binali Yıldırım (2011–2013)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lütfi_Elvan) (Lütfi Elvan) Lütfi Elvan (2013–2014)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Youth_and_Sports_(Turkey)) (Ministry of Youth and Sports (Turkey)) Minister of Youth and Sports  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suat_Kılıç) (Suat Kılıç) Suat Kılıç (2011–2013)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akif_Çağatay_Kılıç) (Akif Çağatay Kılıç) Akif Çağatay Kılıç (2013–2014)         (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1364279517)    (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cabinet_Erdoğan_IV) (Template:Cabinet Erdoğan IV) (View this template) v   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Cabinet_Erdoğan_IV) (Template talk:Cabinet Erdoğan IV) (Discuss this template) t   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Cabinet_Erdoğan_IV) (Special:EditPage/Template:Cabinet Erdoğan IV) (Edit this template) e     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/66th_cabinet_of_Turkey) (66th cabinet of Turkey) Fourth Erdoğan Cabinet (2018–2023)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_Turkey) (Cabinet of Turkey) Cabinet       (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Turkey) (President of Turkey) President  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan) Recep Tayyip Erdoğan   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Presidency_of_Turkey.svg)        (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vice_President_of_Turkey) (Vice President of Turkey) Vice President  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuat_Oktay) (Fuat Oktay) Fuat Oktay (2018–2023)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Agriculture_and_Forestry_(Turkey)) (Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (Turkey)) Minister of Agriculture and Forestry  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bekir_Pakdemirli) (Bekir Pakdemirli) Bekir Pakdemirli (2018–2022)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vahit_Kirişci) (Vahit Kirişci) Vahit Kirişci (2022–2023)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_and_Tourism_(Turkey)) (Ministry of Culture and Tourism (Turkey)) Minister of Culture and Tourism  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Ersoy) (Mehmet Ersoy) Mehmet Ersoy (2018–2023)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Energy_and_Natural_Resources_(Turkey)) (Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources (Turkey)) Minister of Energy and Natural Resources  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatih_Dönmez) (Fatih Dönmez) Fatih Dönmez (2018–2023)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Environment,_Urbanisation_and_Climate_Change) (Ministry of Environment, Urbanisation and Climate Change) Minister of Environment, Urbanisation and Climate Change  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murat_Kurum) (Murat Kurum) Murat Kurum (2018–2023)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Family_and_Social_Services_(Turkey)) (Ministry of Family and Social Services (Turkey)) Minister of Family and Social Services  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zehra_Zümrüt_Selçuk) (Zehra Zümrüt Selçuk) Zehra Zümrüt Selçuk (2018–2021)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derya_Yanık) (Derya Yanık) Derya Yanık (2021–2023)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Turkey)) (Minister of Foreign Affairs (Turkey)) Minister of Foreign Affairs  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mevlüt_Çavuşoğlu) (Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu) Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu (2018–2023)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_(Turkey)) (Ministry of Health (Turkey)) Minister of Health  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrettin_Koca) (Fahrettin Koca) Fahrettin Koca (2018–2023)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Industry_and_Technology) (Ministry of Industry and Technology) Minister of Industry and Technology  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Varank) (Mustafa Varank) Mustafa Varank (2018–2023)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Interior_(Turkey)) (Ministry of Interior (Turkey)) Minister of Interior  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Süleyman_Soylu) (Süleyman Soylu) Süleyman Soylu (2018–2023)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_(Turkey)) (Ministry of Justice (Turkey)) Minister of Justice  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdulhamit_Gül) (Abdulhamit Gül) Abdulhamit Gül (2018–2022)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bekir_Bozdağ) (Bekir Bozdağ) Bekir Bozdağ (2022–2023)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Education_(Turkey)) (Ministry of National Education (Turkey)) Minister of National Education  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziya_Selçuk) (Ziya Selçuk) Ziya Selçuk (2018–2021)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmut_Özer) (Mahmut Özer) Mahmut Özer (2021–2023)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Defence_(Turkey)) (Ministry of National Defence (Turkey)) Minister of National Defence  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hulusi_Akar) (Hulusi Akar) Hulusi Akar (2018–2023)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Labour_and_Social_Security_(Turkey)) (Ministry of Labour and Social Security (Turkey)) Minister of Labour and Social Security  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zehra_Zümrüt_Selçuk) (Zehra Zümrüt Selçuk) Zehra Zümrüt Selçuk (2018–2021)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedat_Bilgin) (Vedat Bilgin) Vedat Bilgin (2021–2023)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Trade_(Turkey)) (Ministry of Trade (Turkey)) Minister of Trade  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruhsar_Pekcan) (Ruhsar Pekcan) Ruhsar Pekcan (2018–2021)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Muş) (Mehmet Muş) Mehmet Muş (2021–2023)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Transport_and_Infrastructure_(Turkey)) (Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure (Turkey)) Minister of Transport and Infrastructure  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Cahit_Turhan) (Mehmet Cahit Turhan) Mehmet Cahit Turhan (2018–2020)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adil_Karaismailoğlu) (Adil Karaismailoğlu) Adil Karaismailoğlu (2020–2023)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Treasury_and_Finance) (Ministry of Treasury and Finance) Minister of Treasury and Finance  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berat_Albayrak) (Berat Albayrak) Berat Albayrak (2018–2020)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lütfi_Elvan) (Lütfi Elvan) Lütfi Elvan (2020–2021)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nureddin_Nebati) (Nureddin Nebati) Nureddin Nebati (2021–2023)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Youth_and_Sports_(Turkey)) (Ministry of Youth and Sports (Turkey)) Minister of Youth and Sports  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Kasapoğlu) (Mehmet Kasapoğlu) Mehmet Kasapoğlu (2018–2023)         (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1364279517)    (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231)   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Yılmaz (2023–present)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Agriculture_and_Forestry_(Turkey)) (Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (Turkey)) Minister of Agriculture and Forestry  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İbrahim_Yumaklı) (İbrahim Yumaklı) İbrahim Yumaklı (2023–present)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Culture_and_Tourism_(Turkey)) (Ministry of Culture and Tourism (Turkey)) Minister of Culture and Tourism  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Ersoy) (Mehmet Ersoy) Mehmet Ersoy (2023–present)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Energy_and_Natural_Resources_(Turkey)) (Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources (Turkey)) Minister of Energy and Natural Resources  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alparslan_Bayraktar) (Alparslan Bayraktar) Alparslan Bayraktar (2023–present)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Environment,_Urbanisation_and_Climate_Change) (Ministry of Environment, Urbanisation and Climate Change) Minister of Environment, Urbanisation and Climate Change  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Özhaseki) (Mehmet Özhaseki) Mehmet Özhaseki (2023–2024)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murat_Kurum) (Murat Kurum) Murat Kurum (2024–present)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Family_and_Social_Services_(Turkey)) (Ministry of Family and Social Services (Turkey)) Minister of Family and Social Services  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahinur_Özdemir) (Mahinur Özdemir) Mahinur Özdemir (2023–present)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Turkey)) (Minister of Foreign Affairs (Turkey)) Minister of Foreign Affairs  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakan_Fidan) (Hakan Fidan) Hakan Fidan (2023–present)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Health_(Turkey)) (Ministry of Health (Turkey)) Minister of Health  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrettin_Koca) (Fahrettin Koca) Fahrettin Koca (2023–2024)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemal_Memişoğlu) (Kemal Memişoğlu) Kemal Memişoğlu (2024–present)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Industry_and_Technology) (Ministry of Industry and Technology) Minister of Industry and Technology  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Fatih_Kacır) (Mehmet Fatih Kacır) Mehmet Fatih Kacır (2023–present)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_the_Interior_(Turkey)) (Ministry of the Interior (Turkey)) Minister of the Interior  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Yerlikaya) (Ali Yerlikaya) Ali Yerlikaya (2023–2026)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Çiftçi) (Mustafa Çiftçi) Mustafa Çiftçi (2026–present)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Justice_(Turkey)) (Ministry of Justice (Turkey)) Minister of Justice  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yılmaz_Tunç) (Yılmaz Tunç) Yılmaz Tunç (2023–2026)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akın_Gürlek) (Akın Gürlek) Akın Gürlek (2026–present)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Education_(Turkey)) (Ministry of National Education (Turkey)) Minister of National Education  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yusuf_Tekin) (Yusuf Tekin) Yusuf Tekin (2023–present)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_National_Defence_(Turkey)) (Ministry of National Defence (Turkey)) Minister of National Defence  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaşar_Güler) (Yaşar Güler) Yaşar Güler (2023–present)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Labour_and_Social_Security_(Turkey)) (Ministry of Labour and Social Security (Turkey)) Minister of Labour and Social Security  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedat_Işıkhan) (Vedat Işıkhan) Vedat Işıkhan (2023–present)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Trade_(Turkey)) (Ministry of Trade (Turkey)) Minister of Trade  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ömer_Bolat) (Ömer Bolat) Ömer Bolat (2023–present)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Transport_and_Infrastructure_(Turkey)) (Ministry of Transport and Infrastructure (Turkey)) Minister of Transport and Infrastructure  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdulkadir_Uraloğlu) (Abdulkadir Uraloğlu) Abdulkadir Uraloğlu (2023–present)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Treasury_and_Finance) (Ministry of Treasury and Finance) Minister of Treasury and Finance  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Şimşek) (Mehmet Şimşek) Mehmet Şimşek (2023–present)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Youth_and_Sports_(Turkey)) (Ministry of Youth and Sports (Turkey)) Minister of Youth and Sports  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osman_Aşkın_Bak) (Osman Aşkın Bak) Osman Aşkın Bak (2023–present)      (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1364279517)    (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Members_of_the_22nd_Turkish_Parliament) (Template:Members of the 22nd Turkish Parliament) (View this template) v   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Members_of_the_22nd_Turkish_Parliament) (Template talk:Members of the 22nd Turkish Parliament) (Discuss this 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does not exist)) Açıkalın  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruhi_Açıkgöz?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ruhi Açıkgöz (page does not exist)) Açıkgöz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tevfik_Akbak?action=edit&redlink=1) (Tevfik Akbak (page does not exist)) Akbak  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Nuri_Akbulut?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mustafa Nuri Akbulut (page does not exist)) Akbulut  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tevfik_Ziyaeddin_Akbulut?action=edit&redlink=1) (Tevfik Ziyaeddin Akbulut (page does not exist)) Akbulut  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zekeriya_Akçam?action=edit&redlink=1) (Zekeriya Akçam (page does not exist)) Akçam  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Akdağ) (Recep Akdağ) Akdağ  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aziz_Akgül?action=edit&redlink=1) (Aziz Akgül (page does not exist)) Akgül  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mevlüt_Akgün?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mevlüt Akgün (page does not exist)) Akgün  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osman_Akman?action=edit&redlink=1) (Osman Akman (page does not exist)) Akman  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahya_Akman?action=edit&redlink=1) (Yahya Akman (page does not exist)) Akman  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Güldal_Akşit) (Güldal Akşit) Akşit  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdurrahim_Aksoy?action=edit&redlink=1) (Abdurrahim Aksoy (page does not exist)) Aksoy  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soner_Aksoy?action=edit&redlink=1) (Soner Aksoy (page does not exist)) Aksoy  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdülkadir_Aksu) (Abdülkadir Aksu) Aksu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurettin_Aktaş?action=edit&redlink=1) (Nurettin Aktaş (page does not exist)) Aktaş  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Rıza_Alaboyun) (Ali Rıza Alaboyun) Alaboyun  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İlhan_Albayrak?action=edit&redlink=1) (İlhan Albayrak (page does not exist)) Albayrak  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Alp?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Alp (page does not exist)) Alp  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdulmecit_Alp?action=edit&redlink=1) (Abdulmecit Alp (page does not exist)) Alp  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İsmail_Alptekin?action=edit&redlink=1) (İsmail Alptekin (page does not exist)) Alptekin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tayyar_Altıkulaç) (Tayyar Altıkulaç) Altıkulaç  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenan_Altun?action=edit&redlink=1) (Kenan Altun (page does not exist)) Altun  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faruk_Anbarcıoğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Faruk Anbarcıoğlu (page does not exist)) Anbarcıoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_Angı?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hasan Angı (page does not exist)) Angı  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdurrahman_Anık?action=edit&redlink=1) (Abdurrahman Anık (page does not exist)) Anık  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatih_Arıkan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Fatih Arıkan (page does not exist)) Arıkan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bülent_Arınç) (Bülent Arınç) Arınç  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M._İhsan_Arslan?action=edit&redlink=1) (M. İhsan Arslan (page does not exist)) Arslan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikail_Arslan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mikail Arslan (page does not exist)) Arslan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maliki_Ejder_Arvas?action=edit&redlink=1) (Maliki Ejder Arvas (page does not exist)) Arvas  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naci_Aslan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Naci Aslan (page does not exist)) Aslan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osman_Aslan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Osman Aslan (page does not exist)) Aslan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeyid_Aslan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Zeyid Aslan (page does not exist)) Aslan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beşir_Atalay) (Beşir Atalay) Atalay  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Ataş?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mustafa Ataş (page does not exist)) Ataş  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azmi_Ateş?action=edit&redlink=1) (Azmi Ateş (page does not exist)) Ateş  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Şükrü_Ayalan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Şükrü Ayalan (page does not exist)) Ayalan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyüp_Ayar?action=edit&redlink=1) (Eyüp Ayar (page does not exist)) Ayar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_Aydın?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hasan Aydın (page does not exist)) Aydın  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Aydın) (Mehmet Aydın) Aydın  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Aydınlıoğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ali Aydınlıoğlu (page does not exist)) Aydınlıoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halil_Aydoğan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Halil Aydoğan (page does not exist)) Aydoğan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asım_Aykan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Asım Aykan (page does not exist)) Aykan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokman_Ayva?action=edit&redlink=1) (Lokman Ayva (page does not exist)) Ayva  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Babacan) (Ali Babacan) Babacan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fikret_Badazlı?action=edit&redlink=1) (Fikret Badazlı (page does not exist)) Badazlı  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egemen_Bağış) (Egemen Bağış) Bağış  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Baş?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mustafa Baş (page does not exist)) Baş  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nimet_Baş) (Nimet Baş) Baş  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahya_Baş) (Yahya Baş) Baş  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murat_Başesgioğlu) (Murat Başesgioğlu) Başesgioğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Osman_Başkurt?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ali Osman Başkurt (page does not exist)) Başkurt  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atilla_Başoğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Atilla Başoğlu (page does not exist)) Başoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzaffer_Baştopçu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Muzaffer Baştopçu (page does not exist)) Baştopçu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adem_Baştürk?action=edit&redlink=1) (Adem Baştürk (page does not exist)) Baştürk  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fetani_Battal?action=edit&redlink=1) (Fetani Battal (page does not exist)) Battal  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Faruk_Bayrak?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Faruk Bayrak (page does not exist)) Bayrak  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nusret_Bayraktar?action=edit&redlink=1) (Nusret Bayraktar (page does not exist)) Bayraktar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saffet_Benli?action=edit&redlink=1) (Saffet Benli (page does not exist)) Benli  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feyzi_Berdibek?action=edit&redlink=1) (Feyzi Berdibek (page does not exist)) Berdibek  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hüseyin_Besli?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hüseyin Besli (page does not exist)) Besli  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yusuf_Selahattin_Beyribey?action=edit&redlink=1) (Yusuf Selahattin Beyribey (page does not exist)) Beyribey  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İsmail_Bilen_(politician,_born_1961)?action=edit&redlink=1) (İsmail Bilen (politician, born 1961) (page does not exist)) Bilen  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Emin_Murat_Bilgiç?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Emin Murat Bilgiç (page does not exist)) Bilgiç  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_Bilir?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hasan Bilir (page does not exist)) Bilir  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haci_Biner?action=edit&redlink=1) (Haci Biner (page does not exist)) Biner  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Şerif_Birinç?action=edit&redlink=1) (Şerif Birinç (page does not exist)) Birinç  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İbrahim_Hakkı_Birlik?action=edit&redlink=1) (İbrahim Hakkı Birlik (page does not exist)) Birlik  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bekir_Bozdağ) (Bekir Bozdağ) Bozdağ  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necdet_Budak?action=edit&redlink=1) (Necdet Budak (page does not exist)) Budak  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Ali_Bulut?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Ali Bulut (page does not exist)) Bulut  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Büyükakkaşlar?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ahmet Büyükakkaşlar (page does not exist)) Büyükakkaşlar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaattin_Büyükkaya?action=edit&redlink=1) (Alaattin Büyükkaya (page does not exist)) Büyükkaya  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Çağlayan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ahmet Çağlayan (page does not exist)) Çağlayan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahri_Çakır?action=edit&redlink=1) (Fahri Çakır (page does not exist)) Çakır  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İlyas_Çakır?action=edit&redlink=1) (İlyas Çakır (page does not exist)) Çakır  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Çakır_(politician)?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mustafa Çakır (politician) (page does not exist)) Çakır  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İbrahim_Çakmak?action=edit&redlink=1) (İbrahim Çakmak (page does not exist)) Çakmak  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_Çalışkan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Abdullah Çalışkan (page does not exist)) Çalışkan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramazan_Can?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ramazan Can (page does not exist)) Can  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cahit_Can?action=edit&redlink=1) (Cahit Can (page does not exist)) Can  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muharrem_Candan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Muharrem Candan (page does not exist)) Candan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurettin_Canikli) (Nurettin Canikli) Canikli  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_Erdem_Cantimur?action=edit&redlink=1) (Abdullah Erdem Cantimur (page does not exist)) Cantimur  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mevlüt_Çavuşoğlu) (Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu) Çavuşoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yüksel_Çavuşoğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Yüksel Çavuşoğlu (page does not exist)) Çavuşoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erol_Aslan_Cebeci?action=edit&redlink=1) (Erol Aslan Cebeci (page does not exist)) Cebeci  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selahattin_Cebeli?action=edit&redlink=1) (Selahattin Cebeli (page does not exist)) Cebeli  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ömer_Çelik) (Ömer Çelik) Çelik  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faruk_Çelik) (Faruk Çelik) Çelik  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_Ali_Çelik?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hasan Ali Çelik (page does not exist)) Çelik  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hüseyin_Çelik) (Hüseyin Çelik) Çelik  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Çerçi?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Çerçi (page does not exist)) Çerçi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remzi_Çetin?action=edit&redlink=1) (Remzi Çetin (page does not exist)) Çetin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmut_Uğur_Çetin?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mahmut Uğur Çetin (page does not exist)) Çetin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Necati_Çetinkaya?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Necati Çetinkaya (page does not exist)) Çetinkaya  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_Çetinkaya?action=edit&redlink=1) (Abdullah Çetinkaya (page does not exist)) Çetinkaya  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabahattin_Cevheri) (Sabahattin Cevheri) Cevheri  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Ceylan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Ceylan (page does not exist)) Ceylan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cemil_Çiçek) (Cemil Çiçek) Çiçek  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Çiçek?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Çiçek (page does not exist)) Çiçek  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turhan_Çömez?action=edit&redlink=1) (Turhan Çömez (page does not exist)) Çömez  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Coşkun) (Ali Coşkun) Coşkun  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yüksel_Coşkunyürek) (Yüksel Coşkunyürek) Coşkunyürek  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Cumur?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mustafa Cumur (page does not exist)) Cumur  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Ergün_Dağcıoğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Ergün Dağcıoğlu (page does not exist)) Dağcıoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mücahit_Daloğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mücahit Daloğlu (page does not exist)) Daloğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Daniş?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Daniş (page does not exist)) Daniş  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cemal_Yılmaz_Demir?action=edit&redlink=1) (Cemal Yılmaz Demir (page does not exist)) Demir  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Demir) (Mustafa Demir) Demir  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zülfü_Demirbağ?action=edit&redlink=1) (Zülfü Demirbağ (page does not exist)) Demirbağ  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afif_Demirkıran?action=edit&redlink=1) (Afif Demirkıran (page does not exist)) Demirkıran  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reha_Denemeç) (Reha Denemeç) Denemeç  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Beyazıt_Denizolgun?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Beyazıt Denizolgun (page does not exist)) Denizolgun  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Şaban_Dişli) (Şaban Dişli) Dişli  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avni_Doğan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Avni Doğan (page does not exist)) Doğan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevzat_Doğan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Nevzat Doğan (page does not exist)) Doğan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Dülger?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Dülger (page does not exist)) Dülger  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Aydın_Dumanoğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ali Aydın Dumanoğlu (page does not exist)) Dumanoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Dündar?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mustafa Dündar (page does not exist)) Dündar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmut_Durdu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mahmut Durdu (page does not exist)) Durdu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Duru?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mustafa Duru (page does not exist)) Duru  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Mehdi_Eker) (Mehmet Mehdi Eker) Eker  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazım_Ekren) (Nazım Ekren) Ekren  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Elitaş) (Mustafa Elitaş) Elitaş  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Elkatmış) (Mehmet Elkatmış) Elkatmış  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tevfik_Ensari?action=edit&redlink=1) (Tevfik Ensari (page does not exist)) Ensari  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Er?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ali Er (page does not exist)) Er  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekrem_Erdem?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ekrem Erdem (page does not exist)) Erdem  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vahit_Erdem?action=edit&redlink=1) (Vahit Erdem (page does not exist)) Erdem  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orhan_Erdem?action=edit&redlink=1) (Orhan Erdem (page does not exist)) Erdem  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Salih_Erdoğan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Salih Erdoğan (page does not exist)) Erdoğan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan) Erdoğan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fazlı_Erdoğan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Fazlı Erdoğan (page does not exist)) Erdoğan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cevdet_Erdöl?action=edit&redlink=1) (Cevdet Erdöl (page does not exist)) Erdöl  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Öner_Ergenç?action=edit&redlink=1) (Öner Ergenç (page does not exist)) Ergenç  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeki_Ergezen) (Zeki Ergezen) Ergezen  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadullah_Ergin) (Sadullah Ergin) Ergin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihat_Ergün) (Nihat Ergün) Ergün  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihat_Eri?action=edit&redlink=1) (Nihat Eri (page does not exist)) Eri  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İsmail_Ericekli?action=edit&redlink=1) (İsmail Ericekli (page does not exist)) Ericekli  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Münir_Erkal?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ahmet Münir Erkal (page does not exist)) Erkal  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gürsoy_Erol?action=edit&redlink=1) (Gürsoy Erol (page does not exist)) Erol  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Ertürk?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ahmet Ertürk (page does not exist)) Ertürk  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muharrem_Eskiyapan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Muharrem Eskiyapan (page does not exist)) Eskiyapan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Eyiceoğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mustafa Eyiceoğlu (page does not exist)) Eyiceoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyüp_Fatsa?action=edit&redlink=1) (Eyüp Fatsa (page does not exist)) Fatsa  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osman_Nuri_Filiz?action=edit&redlink=1) (Osman Nuri Filiz (page does not exist)) Filiz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dengir_Mir_Mehmet_Fırat) (Dengir Mir Mehmet Fırat) Fırat  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Garip?action=edit&redlink=1) (Recep Garip (page does not exist)) Garip  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bülent_Gedikli?action=edit&redlink=1) (Bülent Gedikli (page does not exist)) Gedikli  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmut_Göksu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mahmut Göksu (page does not exist)) Göksu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemalettin_Göktaş?action=edit&redlink=1) (Kemalettin Göktaş (page does not exist)) Göktaş  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Vecdi_Gönül) (Mehmet Vecdi Gönül) Gönül  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sami_Güçlü) (Sami Güçlü) Güçlü  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_Gül) (Abdullah Gül) Gül  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahfuz_Güler?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mahfuz Güler (page does not exist)) Güler  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Hilmi_Güler) (Mehmet Hilmi Güler) Güler  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akif_Gülle?action=edit&redlink=1) (Akif Gülle (page does not exist)) Gülle  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Öner_Gülyeşil?action=edit&redlink=1) (Öner Gülyeşil (page does not exist)) Gülyeşil  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzaffer_Gülyurt?action=edit&redlink=1) (Muzaffer Gülyurt (page does not exist)) Gülyurt  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İrfan_Gündüz?action=edit&redlink=1) (İrfan Gündüz (page does not exist)) Gündüz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Süleyman_Gündüz?action=edit&redlink=1) (Süleyman Gündüz (page does not exist)) Gündüz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Güner?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Güner (page does not exist)) Güner  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ülkü_Gökalp_Güney?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ülkü Gökalp Güney (page does not exist)) Güney  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Şevket_Gürsoy?action=edit&redlink=1) (Şevket Gürsoy (page does not exist)) Gürsoy  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaettin_Güven?action=edit&redlink=1) (Alaettin Güven (page does not exist)) Güven  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Beşir_Hamidi?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Beşir Hamidi (page does not exist)) Hamidi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yekta_Haydaroğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Yekta Haydaroğlu (page does not exist)) Haydaroğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zafer_Hıdıroğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Zafer Hıdıroğlu (page does not exist)) Hıdıroğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatma_Seniha_Nükhet_Hotar?action=edit&redlink=1) (Fatma Seniha Nükhet Hotar (page does not exist)) Hotar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_İbiş?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ali İbiş (page does not exist)) İbiş  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_İnal?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ahmet İnal (page does not exist)) İnal  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ömer_İnan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ömer İnan (page does not exist)) İnan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halide_İncekara?action=edit&redlink=1) (Halide İncekara (page does not exist)) İncekara  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haluk_İpek?action=edit&redlink=1) (Haluk İpek (page does not exist)) İpek  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zülfükar_İzol?action=edit&redlink=1) (Zülfükar İzol (page does not exist)) İzol  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Ilıcalı?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mustafa Ilıcalı (page does not exist)) Ilıcalı  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Işık?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ahmet Işık (page does not exist)) Işık  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talip_Kaban?action=edit&redlink=1) (Talip Kaban (page does not exist)) Kaban  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacı_İbrahim_Kabarık?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hacı İbrahim Kabarık (page does not exist)) Kabarık  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ünal_Kacır?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ünal Kacır (page does not exist)) Kacır  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ağah_Kafkas?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ağah Kafkas (page does not exist)) Kafkas  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Kambur?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ahmet Kambur (page does not exist)) Kambur  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hüseyin_Kansu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hüseyin Kansu (page does not exist)) Kansu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmut_Kaplan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mahmut Kaplan (page does not exist)) Kaplan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cengiz_Kaptanoğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Cengiz Kaptanoğlu (page does not exist)) Kaptanoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salih_Kapusuz?action=edit&redlink=1) (Salih Kapusuz (page does not exist)) Kapusuz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_Kara?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hasan Kara (page does not exist)) Kara  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeki_Karabayır?action=edit&redlink=1) (Zeki Karabayır (page does not exist)) Karabayır  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cüneyit_Karabıyık?action=edit&redlink=1) (Cüneyit Karabıyık (page does not exist)) Karabıyık  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tevhit_Karakaya) (Tevhit Karakaya) Karakaya  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fazıl_Karaman?action=edit&redlink=1) (Fazıl Karaman (page does not exist)) Karaman  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Altan_Karapaşaoğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Altan Karapaşaoğlu (page does not exist)) Karapaşaoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telat_Karapınar?action=edit&redlink=1) (Telat Karapınar (page does not exist)) Karapınar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seracettin_Karayağız?action=edit&redlink=1) (Seracettin Karayağız (page does not exist)) Karayağız  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muharrem_Karslı?action=edit&redlink=1) (Muharrem Karslı (page does not exist)) Karslı  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdulkadir_Kart?action=edit&redlink=1) (Abdulkadir Kart (page does not exist)) Kart  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metin_Kaşıkoğlu) (Metin Kaşıkoğlu) Kaşıkoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durdu_Mehmet_Kastal?action=edit&redlink=1) (Durdu Mehmet Kastal (page does not exist)) Kastal  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İsmail_Katmerci?action=edit&redlink=1) (İsmail Katmerci (page does not exist)) Katmerci  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Yüksel_Kavuştu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ali Yüksel Kavuştu (page does not exist)) Kavuştu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veli_Kaya?action=edit&redlink=1) (Veli Kaya (page does not exist)) Kaya  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halil_Kaya) (Halil Kaya) Kaya  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahri_Keskin?action=edit&redlink=1) (Fahri Keskin (page does not exist)) Keskin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vahit_Kiler?action=edit&redlink=1) (Vahit Kiler (page does not exist)) Kiler  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_Fehmi_Kinay?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hasan Fehmi Kinay (page does not exist)) Kinay  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vahit_Kirişci) (Vahit Kirişci) Kirişci  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burhan_Kılıç?action=edit&redlink=1) (Burhan Kılıç (page does not exist)) Kılıç  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Kılıç?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Kılıç (page does not exist)) Kılıç  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suat_Kılıç) (Suat Kılıç) Kılıç  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osman_Kılıç?action=edit&redlink=1) (Osman Kılıç (page does not exist)) Kılıç  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedat_Kızılcıklı?action=edit&redlink=1) (Sedat Kızılcıklı (page does not exist)) Kızılcıklı  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atilla_Koç) (Atilla Koç) Koç  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Koca?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ahmet Koca (page does not exist)) Koca  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faruk_Koca) (Faruk Koca) Koca  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Koral?action=edit&redlink=1) (Recep Koral (page does not exist)) Koral  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İbrahim_Köşdere?action=edit&redlink=1) (İbrahim Köşdere (page does not exist)) Köşdere  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rıtvan_Köybaşı?action=edit&redlink=1) (Rıtvan Köybaşı (page does not exist)) Köybaşı  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakkı_Köylü?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hakkı Köylü (page does not exist)) Köylü  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Küçükaydın?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ali Küçükaydın (page does not exist)) Küçükaydın  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Asım_Kulak?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Asım Kulak (page does not exist)) Kulak  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ömer_Kulaksız?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ömer Kulaksız (page does not exist)) Kulaksız  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzaffer_Külcü?action=edit&redlink=1) (Muzaffer Külcü (page does not exist)) Külcü  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Kurt_(politician)?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Kurt (politician) (page does not exist)) Kurt  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fehmi_Hüsrev_Kutlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Fehmi Hüsrev Kutlu (page does not exist)) Kutlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burhan_Kuzu) (Burhan Kuzu) Kuzu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanefi_Mahçiçek) (Hanefi Mahçiçek) Mahçiçek  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Atilla_Maraş?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Atilla Maraş (page does not exist)) Maraş  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_Murat_Mercan) (Hasan Murat Mercan) Mercan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_İhsan_Merdanoğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ali İhsan Merdanoğlu (page does not exist)) Merdanoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Şemsettin_Murat?action=edit&redlink=1) (Şemsettin Murat (page does not exist)) Murat  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Nezir_Nasıroğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Nezir Nasıroğlu (page does not exist)) Nasıroğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Öğüten?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ali Öğüten (page does not exist)) Öğüten  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Özkan_Öksüz?action=edit&redlink=1) (Özkan Öksüz (page does not exist)) Öksüz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuat_Ölmeztoprak?action=edit&redlink=1) (Fuat Ölmeztoprak (page does not exist)) Ölmeztoprak  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Şükrü_Önder?action=edit&redlink=1) (Şükrü Önder (page does not exist)) Önder  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hüsnü_Ordu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hüsnü Ordu (page does not exist)) Ordu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Şevket_Orhan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Şevket Orhan (page does not exist)) Orhan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiha_Öyüş?action=edit&redlink=1) (Semiha Öyüş (page does not exist)) Öyüş  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faruk_Nafız_Özak) (Faruk Nafız Özak) Özak  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İbrahim_Reyhan_Özal?action=edit&redlink=1) (İbrahim Reyhan Özal (page does not exist)) Özal  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Zekai_Özcan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Zekai Özcan (page does not exist)) Özcan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niyazi_Özcan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Niyazi Özcan (page does not exist)) Özcan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayram_Özçelik?action=edit&redlink=1) (Bayram Özçelik (page does not exist)) Özçelik  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hikmet_Özdemir?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hikmet Özdemir (page does not exist)) Özdemir  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İnci_Özdemir?action=edit&redlink=1) (İnci Özdemir (page does not exist)) Özdemir  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erdoğan_Özegen?action=edit&redlink=1) (Erdoğan Özegen (page does not exist)) Özegen  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Özel?action=edit&redlink=1) (Recep Özel (page does not exist)) Özel  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İsmail_Özgün?action=edit&redlink=1) (İsmail Özgün (page does not exist)) Özgün  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinan_Özkan_(politician)?action=edit&redlink=1) (Sinan Özkan (politician) (page does not exist)) Özkan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerim_Özkul?action=edit&redlink=1) (Kerim Özkul (page does not exist)) Özkul  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Özlek?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Özlek (page does not exist)) Özlek  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remziye_Öztoprak?action=edit&redlink=1) (Remziye Öztoprak (page does not exist)) Öztoprak  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fehmi_Öztunç?action=edit&redlink=1) (Fehmi Öztunç (page does not exist)) Öztunç  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Öztürk_(politician,_born_1949)?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mustafa Öztürk (politician, born 1949) (page does not exist)) Öztürk  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Yaşar_Öztürk?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Yaşar Öztürk (page does not exist)) Öztürk  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ömer_Özyılmaz?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ömer Özyılmaz (page does not exist)) Özyılmaz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Özyol?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Özyol (page does not exist)) Özyol  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halil_Özyolcu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Halil Özyolcu (page does not exist)) Özyolcu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevzat_Pakdil?action=edit&redlink=1) (Nevzat Pakdil (page does not exist)) Pakdil  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niyazi_Pakyürek?action=edit&redlink=1) (Niyazi Pakyürek (page does not exist)) Pakyürek  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osman_Pepe) (Osman Pepe) Pepe  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrettin_Poyraz?action=edit&redlink=1) (Fahrettin Poyraz (page does not exist)) Poyraz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Osman_Sali?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ali Osman Sali (page does not exist)) Sali  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyyüp_Sanay?action=edit&redlink=1) (Eyyüp Sanay (page does not exist)) Sanay  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Sarı_(Gaziantepli)?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Sarı (Gaziantepli) (page does not exist)) Sarı  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Sarı_(Osmaniyeli)?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Sarı (Osmaniyeli) (page does not exist)) Sarı  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Gökhan_Sarıçam?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ahmet Gökhan Sarıçam (page does not exist)) Sarıçam  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Sekmen?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Sekmen (page does not exist)) Sekmen  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_Veli_Seyda?action=edit&redlink=1) (Abdullah Veli Seyda (page does not exist)) Seyda  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osman_Seyfi?action=edit&redlink=1) (Osman Seyfi (page does not exist)) Seyfi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Sezal?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ali Sezal (page does not exist)) Sezal  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musa_Sıvacıoğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Musa Sıvacıoğlu (page does not exist)) Sıvacıoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Soydan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Soydan (page does not exist)) Soydan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İsmail_Soylu?action=edit&redlink=1) (İsmail Soylu (page does not exist)) Soylu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memet_Ali_Suçin?action=edit&redlink=1) (Memet Ali Suçin (page does not exist)) Suçin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İmdat_Sütlüoğlu) (İmdat Sütlüoğlu) Sütlüoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatma_Şahin) (Fatma Şahin) Şahin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İdris_Naim_Şahin) (İdris Naim Şahin) Şahin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Ali_Şahin) (Mehmet Ali Şahin) Şahin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdüllatif_Şener) (Abdüllatif Şener) Şener  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hüseyin_Tanrıverdi?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hüseyin Tanrıverdi (page does not exist)) Tanrıverdi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orhan_Taş?action=edit&redlink=1) (Orhan Taş (page does not exist)) Taş  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakan_Taşcı?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hakan Taşcı (page does not exist)) Taşcı  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamit_Taşcı?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hamit Taşcı (page does not exist)) Taşcı  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adem_Tatlı?action=edit&redlink=1) (Adem Tatlı (page does not exist)) Tatlı  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Sayım_Tekelioğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Sayım Tekelioğlu (page does not exist)) Tekelioğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayhan_Zeynep_Tekin_Börü?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ayhan Zeynep Tekin Börü (page does not exist)) Tekin Börü  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Temür?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ali Temür (page does not exist)) Temür  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orhan_Seyfi_Terzibaşıoğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Orhan Seyfi Terzibaşıoğlu (page does not exist)) Terzibaşıoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nur_Doğan_Topaloğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Nur Doğan Topaloğlu (page does not exist)) Topaloğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramazan_Toprak?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ramazan Toprak (page does not exist)) Toprak  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Köksal_Toptan) (Köksal Toptan) Toptan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gülseren_Topuz?action=edit&redlink=1) (Gülseren Topuz (page does not exist)) Topuz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_Torun?action=edit&redlink=1) (Abdullah Torun (page does not exist)) Torun  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavit_Torun?action=edit&redlink=1) (Cavit Torun (page does not exist)) Torun  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resul_Tosun?action=edit&redlink=1) (Resul Tosun (page does not exist)) Tosun  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muharrem_Tozçöken?action=edit&redlink=1) (Muharrem Tozçöken (page does not exist)) Tozçöken  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harun_Tüfekci?action=edit&redlink=1) (Harun Tüfekci (page does not exist)) Tüfekci  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Tuna) (Mustafa Tuna) Tuna  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alim_Tunç?action=edit&redlink=1) (Alim Tunç (page does not exist)) Tunç  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacı_Turan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hacı Turan (page does not exist)) Turan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Süleyman_Turgut?action=edit&redlink=1) (Süleyman Turgut (page does not exist)) Turgut  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polat_Türkmen?action=edit&redlink=1) (Polat Türkmen (page does not exist)) Türkmen  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdulbaki_Türkoğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Abdulbaki Türkoğlu (page does not exist)) Türkoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Emin_Tutan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Emin Tutan (page does not exist)) Tutan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kürşad_Tüzmen) (Kürşad Tüzmen) Tüzmen  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Edip_Uğur) (Ahmet Edip Uğur) Uğur  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemal_Unakıtan) (Kemal Unakıtan) Unakıtan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Şükrü_Ünal?action=edit&redlink=1) (Şükrü Ünal (page does not exist)) Ünal  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Ünaldı?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mustafa Ünaldı (page does not exist)) Ünaldı  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Faruk_Ünsal?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ahmet Faruk Ünsal (page does not exist)) Ünsal  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halil_Ürün) (Halil Ürün) Ürün  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeynep_Armağan_Uslu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Zeynep Armağan Uslu (page does not exist)) Uslu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayhan_Sefer_Üstün?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ayhan Sefer Üstün (page does not exist)) Üstün  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Fehmi_Uyanık?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Fehmi Uyanık (page does not exist)) Uyanık  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cemal_Uysal?action=edit&redlink=1) (Cemal Uysal (page does not exist)) Uysal  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Uzer?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ahmet Uzer (page does not exist)) Uzer  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selami_Uzun?action=edit&redlink=1) (Selami Uzun (page does not exist)) Uzun  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musa_Uzunkaya?action=edit&redlink=1) (Musa Uzunkaya (page does not exist)) Uzunkaya  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabri_Varan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Sabri Varan (page does not exist)) Varan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziyattin_Yağcı?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ziyattin Yağcı (page does not exist)) Yağcı  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaşar_Yakış) (Yaşar Yakış) Yakış  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadık_Yakut) (Sadık Yakut) Yakut  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ertuğrul_Yalçınbayır) (Ertuğrul Yalçınbayır) Yalçınbayır  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ersönmez_Yarbay?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ersönmez Yarbay (page does not exist)) Yarbay  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Yaşar?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ahmet Yaşar (page does not exist)) Yaşar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayati_Yazıcı) (Hayati Yazıcı) Yazıcı  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Said_Yazıcıoğlu) (Mustafa Said Yazıcıoğlu) Yazıcıoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İrfan_Riza_Yazıcıoğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (İrfan Riza Yazıcıoğlu (page does not exist)) Yazıcıoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Yeni?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ahmet Yeni (page does not exist)) Yeni  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdurrahman_Müfit_Yetkin?action=edit&redlink=1) (Abdurrahman Müfit Yetkin (page does not exist)) Yetkin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murat_Yıldırım_(politician)?action=edit&redlink=1) (Murat Yıldırım (politician) (page does not exist)) Yıldırım  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binali_Yıldırım) (Binali Yıldırım) Yıldırım  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Yıldırım?action=edit&redlink=1) (Recep Yıldırım (page does not exist)) Yıldırım  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Kerim_Yıldız?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Kerim Yıldız (page does not exist)) Yıldız  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orhan_Yıldız?action=edit&redlink=1) (Orhan Yıldız (page does not exist)) Yıldız  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taner_Yıldız) (Taner Yıldız) Yıldız  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabahattin_Yıldız?action=edit&redlink=1) (Sabahattin Yıldız (page does not exist)) Yıldız  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metin_Yılmaz?action=edit&redlink=1) (Metin Yılmaz (page does not exist)) Yılmaz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temel_Yılmaz?action=edit&redlink=1) (Temel Yılmaz (page does not exist)) Yılmaz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medeni_Yılmaz) (Medeni Yılmaz) Yılmaz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enver_Yılmaz) (Enver Yılmaz) Yılmaz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Yılmazcan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Yılmazcan (page does not exist)) Yılmazcan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murat_Yılmazer?action=edit&redlink=1) (Murat Yılmazer (page does not exist)) Yılmazer  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Yüksektepe?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Yüksektepe (page does not exist)) Yüksektepe  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Zeydan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mustafa Zeydan (page does not exist)) Zeydan     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_Turkish_Parliament_(Türkiye_Büyük_Millet_Meclisi).svg)       (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_People's_Party) (Republican People's Party) Republican People's Party  (CHP – 102) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vezir_Akdemir?action=edit&redlink=1) (Vezir Akdemir (page does not exist)) Akdemir  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harun_Akın?action=edit&redlink=1) (Harun Akın (page does not exist)) Akın  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zekeriya_Akıncı?action=edit&redlink=1) (Zekeriya Akıncı (page does not exist)) Akıncı  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uğur_Aksöz?action=edit&redlink=1) (Uğur Aksöz (page does not exist)) Aksöz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halil_Akyüz?action=edit&redlink=1) (Halil Akyüz (page does not exist)) Akyüz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Güldal_Alogan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Güldal Alogan (page does not exist)) Alogan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engin_Altay) (Engin Altay) Altay  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yavuz_Altınorak?action=edit&redlink=1) (Yavuz Altınorak (page does not exist)) Altınorak  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kıvılcım_Kemal_Anadol?action=edit&redlink=1) (Kıvılcım Kemal Anadol (page does not exist)) Anadol  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oya_Araslı) (Oya Araslı) Araslı  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cânân_Aritman?action=edit&redlink=1) (Cânân Aritman (page does not exist)) Aritman  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Ali_Arıkan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Ali Arıkan (page does not exist)) Arıkan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ersin_Arıoğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ersin Arıoğlu (page does not exist)) Arıoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Arslan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ali Arslan (page does not exist)) Arslan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yücel_Artantaş?action=edit&redlink=1) (Yücel Artantaş (page does not exist)) Artantaş  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Şevket_Arz?action=edit&redlink=1) (Şevket Arz (page does not exist)) Arz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferit_Mevlüt_Aslanoğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ferit Mevlüt Aslanoğlu (page does not exist)) Aslanoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İsmet_Atalay?action=edit&redlink=1) (İsmet Atalay (page does not exist)) Atalay  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yılmaz_Ateş?action=edit&redlink=1) (Yılmaz Ateş (page does not exist)) Ateş  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdulkadir_Ateş?action=edit&redlink=1) (Abdulkadir Ateş (page does not exist)) Ateş  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_Aydın?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hasan Aydın (page does not exist)) Aydın  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feridun_Ayvazoğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Feridun Ayvazoğlu (page does not exist)) Ayvazoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feridun_Fikret_Baloğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Feridun Fikret Baloğlu (page does not exist)) Baloğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bülent_Baratalı?action=edit&redlink=1) (Bülent Baratalı (page does not exist)) Baratalı  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hüseyin_Bayındır?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hüseyin Bayındır (page does not exist)) Bayındır  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deniz_Baykal) (Deniz Baykal) Baykal  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayşe_Gülsün_Bilgehan) (Ayşe Gülsün Bilgehan) Bilgehan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Rıza_Bodur?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ali Rıza Bodur (page does not exist)) Bodur  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Boztaş?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Boztaş (page does not exist)) Boztaş  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasim_Çakır?action=edit&redlink=1) (Rasim Çakır (page does not exist)) Çakır  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_İsmet_Çanakcı?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ahmet İsmet Çanakcı (page does not exist)) Çanakcı  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuat_Çay?action=edit&redlink=1) (Fuat Çay (page does not exist)) Çay  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vahit_Çekmez?action=edit&redlink=1) (Vahit Çekmez (page does not exist)) Çekmez  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Özlem_Çerçioğlu) (Özlem Çerçioğlu) Çerçioğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İzzet_Çetin?action=edit&redlink=1) (İzzet Çetin (page does not exist)) Çetin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuri_Çilingir?action=edit&redlink=1) (Nuri Çilingir (page does not exist)) Çilingir  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yüksel_Çorbacıoğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Yüksel Çorbacıoğlu (page does not exist)) Çorbacıoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mevlüt_Coşkuner?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mevlüt Coşkuner (page does not exist)) Coşkuner  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osman_Coşkunoğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Osman Coşkunoğlu (page does not exist)) Coşkunoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesut_Değer?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mesut Değer (page does not exist)) Değer  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İsmail_Değerli?action=edit&redlink=1) (İsmail Değerli (page does not exist)) Değerli  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemal_Demirel?action=edit&redlink=1) (Kemal Demirel (page does not exist)) Demirel  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Kemal_Deveciler?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ali Kemal Deveciler (page does not exist)) Deveciler  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orhan_Ziya_Diren?action=edit&redlink=1) (Orhan Ziya Diren (page does not exist)) Diren  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gökhan_Durgun?action=edit&redlink=1) (Gökhan Durgun (page does not exist)) Durgun  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmut_Duyan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mahmut Duyan (page does not exist)) Duyan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hüseyin_Ekmekcioğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hüseyin Ekmekcioğlu (page does not exist)) Ekmekcioğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Şükrü_Elekdağ) (Mustafa Şükrü Elekdağ) Elekdağ  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atila_Emek) (Atila Emek) Emek  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orhan_Eraslan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Orhan Eraslan (page does not exist)) Eraslan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevingaye_Erbatur?action=edit&redlink=1) (Nevingaye Erbatur (page does not exist)) Erbatur  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuncay_Ercenk?action=edit&redlink=1) (Tuncay Ercenk (page does not exist)) Ercenk  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eşref_Erdem?action=edit&redlink=1) (Eşref Erdem (page does not exist)) Erdem  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gürol_Ergin?action=edit&redlink=1) (Gürol Ergin (page does not exist)) Ergin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Ersin?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ahmet Ersin (page does not exist)) Ersin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdurrezzak_Erten?action=edit&redlink=1) (Abdurrezzak Erten (page does not exist)) Erten  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Şerif_Ertuğrul?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Şerif Ertuğrul (page does not exist)) Ertuğrul  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Gazalcı?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mustafa Gazalcı (page does not exist)) Gazalcı  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nejat_Gencan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Nejat Gencan (page does not exist)) Gencan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Rıza_Gülçiçek?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ali Rıza Gülçiçek (page does not exist)) Gülçiçek  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salih_Gün?action=edit&redlink=1) (Salih Gün (page does not exist)) Gün  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_Fehmi_Güneş) (Hasan Fehmi Güneş) Güneş  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeynep_Damla_Gürel?action=edit&redlink=1) (Zeynep Damla Gürel (page does not exist)) Gürel  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_Güyüldar?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hasan Güyüldar (page does not exist)) Güyüldar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algan_Hacaloğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Algan Hacaloğlu (page does not exist)) Hacaloğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Akif_Hamzaçebi) (Mehmet Akif Hamzaçebi) Hamzaçebi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muharrem_İnce) (Muharrem İnce) İnce  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Işık) (Mehmet Işık) Işık  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nail_Kamacı?action=edit&redlink=1) (Nail Kamacı (page does not exist)) Kamacı  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erdoğan_Kaplan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Erdoğan Kaplan (page does not exist)) Kaplan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osman_Kaptan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Osman Kaptan (page does not exist)) Kaptan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erdal_Karademir?action=edit&redlink=1) (Erdal Karademir (page does not exist)) Karademir  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atilla_Kart?action=edit&redlink=1) (Atilla Kart (page does not exist)) Kart  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yılmaz_Kaya?action=edit&redlink=1) (Yılmaz Kaya (page does not exist)) Kaya  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birgen_Keleş?action=edit&redlink=1) (Birgen Keleş (page does not exist)) Keleş  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yakup_Kepenek?action=edit&redlink=1) (Yakup Kepenek (page does not exist)) Kepenek  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Siyam_Kesimoğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Siyam Kesimoğlu (page does not exist)) Kesimoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muharrem_Kılıç?action=edit&redlink=1) (Muharrem Kılıç (page does not exist)) Kılıç  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemal_Kılıçdaroğlu) (Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu) Kılıçdaroğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Haluk_Koç) (Ahmet Haluk Koç) Koç  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emin_Koç?action=edit&redlink=1) (Emin Koç (page does not exist)) Koç  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Küçük?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ahmet Küçük (page does not exist)) Küçük  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Küçükaşık?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Küçükaşık (page does not exist)) Küçükaşık  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Kemal_Kumkumoğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ali Kemal Kumkumoğlu (page does not exist)) Kumkumoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Vedat_Melik?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Vedat Melik (page does not exist)) Melik  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayramali_Meral?action=edit&redlink=1) (Bayramali Meral (page does not exist)) Meral  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Türkan_Miçooğulları?action=edit&redlink=1) (Türkan Miçooğulları (page does not exist)) Miçooğulları  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Ugur_Neşşar?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Ugur Neşşar (page does not exist)) Neşşar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensar_Öğüt?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ensar Öğüt (page does not exist)) Öğüt  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Oksal?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ali Oksal (page does not exist)) Oksal  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enver_Öktem?action=edit&redlink=1) (Enver Öktem (page does not exist)) Öktem  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veli_Haşim_Oral?action=edit&redlink=1) (Veli Haşim Oral (page does not exist)) Oral  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_Ören?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hasan Ören (page does not exist)) Ören  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oğuz_Oyan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Oğuz Oyan (page does not exist)) Oyan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onur_Başaran_Öymen?action=edit&redlink=1) (Onur Başaran Öymen (page does not exist)) Öymen  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Mesut_Özakcan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Mesut Özakcan (page does not exist)) Özakcan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İsmail_Özay?action=edit&redlink=1) (İsmail Özay (page does not exist)) Özay  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Sırrı_Özbek?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ahmet Sırrı Özbek (page does not exist)) Özbek  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osman_Özcan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Osman Özcan (page does not exist)) Özcan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramazan_Kerim_Özkan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ramazan Kerim Özkan (page does not exist)) Özkan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ufuk_Özkan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ufuk Özkan (page does not exist)) Özkan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Ali_Özpolat?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Ali Özpolat (page does not exist)) Özpolat  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Özyürek?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mustafa Özyürek (page does not exist)) Özyürek  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Özyurt?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mustafa Özyurt (page does not exist)) Özyurt  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Parlakyiğit?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Parlakyiğit (page does not exist)) Parlakyiğit  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedat_Pekel?action=edit&redlink=1) (Sedat Pekel (page does not exist)) Pekel  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemal_Sağ?action=edit&redlink=1) (Kemal Sağ (page does not exist)) Sağ  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feramüz_Şahin?action=edit&redlink=1) (Feramüz Şahin (page does not exist)) Şahin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nadir_Saraç?action=edit&redlink=1) (Nadir Saraç (page does not exist)) Saraç  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sıdıka_Sarıbekir?action=edit&redlink=1) (Sıdıka Sarıbekir (page does not exist)) Sarıbekir  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Önder_Sav) (Önder Sav) Sav  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Nuri_Saygun?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Nuri Saygun (page does not exist)) Saygun  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Cevdet_Selvi?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Cevdet Selvi (page does not exist)) Selvi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Semerci?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Semerci (page does not exist)) Semerci  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Sevigen?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Sevigen (page does not exist)) Sevigen  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tacidar_Seyhan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Tacidar Seyhan (page does not exist)) Seyhan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berhan_Şimşek?action=edit&redlink=1) (Berhan Şimşek (page does not exist)) Şimşek  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Sefa_Sirmen?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Sefa Sirmen (page does not exist)) Sirmen  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurettin_Sözen) (Nurettin Sözen) Sözen  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orhan_Sür?action=edit&redlink=1) (Orhan Sür (page does not exist)) Sür  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bihlun_Tamaylıgil) (Bihlun Tamaylıgil) Tamaylıgil  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İdris_Sami_Tandoğdu?action=edit&redlink=1) (İdris Sami Tandoğdu (page does not exist)) Tandoğdu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bülent_Hasan_Tanla?action=edit&redlink=1) (Bülent Hasan Tanla (page does not exist)) Tanla  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halil_Tiryaki?action=edit&redlink=1) (Halil Tiryaki (page does not exist)) Tiryaki  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erol_Tınastepe?action=edit&redlink=1) (Erol Tınastepe (page does not exist)) Tınastepe  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Tomanbay?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Tomanbay (page does not exist)) Tomanbay  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muharrem_Toprak?action=edit&redlink=1) (Muharrem Toprak (page does not exist)) Toprak  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Topuz) (Ali Topuz) Topuz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazım_Türkmen?action=edit&redlink=1) (Kazım Türkmen (page does not exist)) Türkmen  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enis_Tütüncü?action=edit&redlink=1) (Enis Tütüncü (page does not exist)) Tütüncü  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaşar_Tüzün) (Yaşar Tüzün) Tüzün  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakkı_Ülkü?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hakkı Ülkü (page does not exist)) Ülkü  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fikret_Ünlü?action=edit&redlink=1) (Fikret Ünlü (page does not exist)) Ünlü  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halil_Ünlütepe?action=edit&redlink=1) (Halil Ünlütepe (page does not exist)) Ünlütepe  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrettin_Üstün?action=edit&redlink=1) (Fahrettin Üstün (page does not exist)) Üstün  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necati_Uzdil?action=edit&redlink=1) (Necati Uzdil (page does not exist)) Uzdil  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedat_Uzunbay?action=edit&redlink=1) (Sedat Uzunbay (page does not exist)) Uzunbay  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Cumhur_Yaka?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ali Cumhur Yaka (page does not exist)) Yaka  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdulaziz_Yazar?action=edit&redlink=1) (Abdulaziz Yazar (page does not exist)) Yazar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Ziya_Yergök?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Ziya Yergök (page does not exist)) Yergök  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vahdet_Sinan_Yerlikaya?action=edit&redlink=1) (Vahdet Sinan Yerlikaya (page does not exist)) Yerlikaya  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Erdoğan_Yetenç?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mustafa Erdoğan Yetenç (page does not exist)) Yetenç  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Yıldırım_(politician)?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Yıldırım (politician) (page does not exist)) Yıldırım  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmut_Yıldız?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mahmut Yıldız (page does not exist)) Yıldız  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Yılmaz_(politician)?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mustafa Yılmaz (politician) (page does not exist)) Yılmaz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Yılmazkaya?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ahmet Yılmazkaya (page does not exist)) Yılmazkaya  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Vedat_Yücesan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Vedat Yücesan (page does not exist)) Yücesan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Şefik_Zengin?action=edit&redlink=1) (Şefik Zengin (page does not exist)) Zengin      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motherland_Party_(Turkey)) (Motherland Party (Turkey)) Motherland Party  (ANAP – 72) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dursun_Akdemir?action=edit&redlink=1) (Dursun Akdemir (page does not exist)) Akdemir  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miraç_Akdoğan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Miraç Akdoğan (page does not exist)) Akdoğan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamza_Albayrak?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hamza Albayrak (page does not exist)) Albayrak  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Züheyir_Amber?action=edit&redlink=1) (Züheyir Amber (page does not exist)) Amber  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Sait_Armağan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Sait Armağan (page does not exist)) Armağan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muharrem_Doğan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Muharrem Doğan (page does not exist)) Doğan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Erdemir?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Erdemir (page does not exist)) Erdemir  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hüseyin_Güler?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hüseyin Güler (page does not exist)) Güler  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmut_Koçak?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mahmut Koçak (page does not exist)) Koçak  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhsin_Koçyiğit?action=edit&redlink=1) (Muhsin Koçyiğit (page does not exist)) Koçyiğit  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzaffer_Remzi_Kurtulmuşoğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Muzaffer Remzi Kurtulmuşoğlu (page does not exist)) Kurtulmuşoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erkan_Mumcu) (Erkan Mumcu) Mumcu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hüseyin_Özcan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hüseyin Özcan (page does not exist)) Özcan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İbrahim_Özdoğan?action=edit&redlink=1) (İbrahim Özdoğan (page does not exist)) Özdoğan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_Özyer?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hasan Özyer (page does not exist)) Özyer  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Süleyman_Sarıbaş?action=edit&redlink=1) (Süleyman Sarıbaş (page does not exist)) Sarıbaş  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reyhan_Tugay?action=edit&redlink=1) (Reyhan Tugay (page does not exist)) Tugay  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turan_Tüysüz?action=edit&redlink=1) (Turan Tüysüz (page does not exist)) Tüysüz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serpil_Yıldız?action=edit&redlink=1) (Serpil Yıldız (page does not exist)) Yıldız      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_politician) (Independent politician) Independent  (I – 15) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakkı_Akalın?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hakkı Akalın (page does not exist)) Akalın  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İbrahim_Hakkı_Aşkar?action=edit&redlink=1) (İbrahim Hakkı Aşkar (page does not exist)) Aşkar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Ayağ?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ali Ayağ (page does not exist)) Ayağ  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Süleyman_Bölünmez?action=edit&redlink=1) (Süleyman Bölünmez (page does not exist)) Bölünmez  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ersoy_Bulut?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ersoy Bulut (page does not exist)) Bulut  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esat_Canan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Esat Canan (page does not exist)) Canan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Eraslan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Eraslan (page does not exist)) Eraslan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edip_Safder_Gaydalı?action=edit&redlink=1) (Edip Safder Gaydalı (page does not exist)) Gaydalı  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuat_Geçen?action=edit&redlink=1) (Fuat Geçen (page does not exist)) Geçen  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memduh_Hacıoğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Memduh Hacıoğlu (page does not exist)) Hacıoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Kartal?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Kartal (page does not exist)) Kartal  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Göksal_Küçükali?action=edit&redlink=1) (Göksal Küçükali (page does not exist)) Küçükali  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ömer_Zülfü_Livaneli?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ömer Zülfü Livaneli (page does not exist)) Livaneli  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Sayar) (Mustafa Sayar) Sayar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selami_Yiğit?action=edit&redlink=1) (Selami Yiğit (page does not exist)) Yiğit      Others (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Kemal_Ağar) (Mehmet Kemal Ağar) Ağar ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Path_Party) (True Path Party) DYP ) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İnal_Batu) (İnal Batu) Batu ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Path_Party) (True Path Party) DYP ) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ümmet_Kandoğan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ümmet Kandoğan (page does not exist)) Kandoğan ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Path_Party) (True Path Party) DYP ) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Tatar?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Tatar (page does not exist)) Tatar ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Path_Party) (True Path Party) DYP ) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emin_Şirin?action=edit&redlink=1) (Emin Şirin (page does not exist)) Şirin ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_Party) (Young Party) GP ) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaşar_Nuri_Öztürk) (Yaşar Nuri Öztürk) Öztürk ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People's_Ascent_Party) (People's Ascent Party) HYP ) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Güryüz_Ketenci?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ahmet Güryüz Ketenci (page does not exist)) Ketenci ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Democratic_People's_Party_(Turkey)) (Social Democratic People's Party (Turkey)) SHP )     Membership ended prematurely (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ömer_Abuşoğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ömer Abuşoğlu (page does not exist)) Abuşoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İlyas_Arslan?action=edit&redlink=1) (İlyas Arslan (page does not exist)) Arslan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nezir_Büyükcengiz?action=edit&redlink=1) (Nezir Büyükcengiz (page does not exist)) Büyükcengiz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemal_Derviş) (Kemal Derviş) Derviş  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Dinçer) (Ali Dinçer) Dinçer  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cemal_Kaya?action=edit&redlink=1) (Cemal Kaya (page does not exist)) Kaya  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İlyas_Sezai_Önder?action=edit&redlink=1) (İlyas Sezai Önder (page does not exist)) Önder  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Melik_Özmen?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Melik Özmen (page does not exist)) Özmen  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halil_İbrahim_Yilmaz?action=edit&redlink=1) (Halil İbrahim Yilmaz (page does not exist)) Yilmaz      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_22nd_Parliament_of_Turkey) (Category:Members of the 22nd Parliament of Turkey) Category:Members of the 22nd Parliament of Turkey       (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1364279517)    (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Members_of_the_23rd_Turkish_Parliament) (Template:Members of the 23rd Turkish Parliament) (View this template) v   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Members_of_the_23rd_Turkish_Parliament) (Template talk:Members of the 23rd Turkish Parliament) (Discuss this template) t   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Members_of_the_23rd_Turkish_Parliament) (Special:EditPage/Template:Members of the 23rd Turkish Parliament) (Edit this template) e     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/23rd_Parliament_of_Turkey) (23rd Parliament of Turkey) Members of the 23rd Parliament of Turkey (2007–2011)    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_National_Assembly_of_Turkey) (Grand National Assembly of Turkey) Grand National Assembly   10 August 2007 – 12 June 2011   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)) (Justice and Development Party (Turkey)) Justice and  Development Party  (AK Party – 331) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sait_Açba?action=edit&redlink=1) (Sait Açba (page does not exist)) Açba  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Mustafa_Açıkalın?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Mustafa Açıkalın (page does not exist)) Açıkalın  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruhi_Açıkgöz?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ruhi Açıkgöz (page does not exist)) Açıkgöz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayşe_Akbaş?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ayşe Akbaş (page does not exist)) Akbaş  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tevfik_Ziyaeddin_Akbulut?action=edit&redlink=1) (Tevfik Ziyaeddin Akbulut (page does not exist)) Akbulut  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Akdağ) (Recep Akdağ) Akdağ  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdulkadir_Akgül?action=edit&redlink=1) (Abdulkadir Akgül (page does not exist)) Akgül  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mevlüt_Akgün?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mevlüt Akgün (page does not exist)) Akgün  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurettin_Akman?action=edit&redlink=1) (Nurettin Akman (page does not exist)) Akman  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahya_Akman?action=edit&redlink=1) (Yahya Akman (page does not exist)) Akman  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhyettin_Aksak?action=edit&redlink=1) (Muhyettin Aksak (page does not exist)) Aksak  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Güldal_Akşit) (Güldal Akşit) Akşit  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taha_Aksoy?action=edit&redlink=1) (Taha Aksoy (page does not exist)) Aksoy  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soner_Aksoy?action=edit&redlink=1) (Soner Aksoy (page does not exist)) Aksoy  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdülkadir_Aksu) (Abdülkadir Aksu) Aksu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Rıza_Alaboyun) (Ali Rıza Alaboyun) Alaboyun  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Hanifi_Alır?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Hanifi Alır (page does not exist)) Alır  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Alp?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Alp (page does not exist)) Alp  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_Altan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hasan Altan (page does not exist)) Altan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerem_Altun?action=edit&redlink=1) (Kerem Altun (page does not exist)) Altun  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_Angı?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hasan Angı (page does not exist)) Angı  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdurrahman_Arıcı?action=edit&redlink=1) (Abdurrahman Arıcı (page does not exist)) Arıcı  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatih_Arıkan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Fatih Arıkan (page does not exist)) Arıkan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bülent_Arınç) (Bülent Arınç) Arınç  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İhsan_Arslan) (İhsan Arslan) Arslan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikail_Arslan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mikail Arslan (page does not exist)) Arslan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutbettin_Arzu) (Kutbettin Arzu) Arzu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aşkın_Asan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Aşkın Asan (page does not exist)) Asan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zekeriya_Aslan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Zekeriya Aslan (page does not exist)) Aslan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osman_Aslan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Osman Aslan (page does not exist)) Aslan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeyid_Aslan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Zeyid Aslan (page does not exist)) Aslan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beşir_Atalay) (Beşir Atalay) Atalay  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazim_Ataoğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Kazim Ataoğlu (page does not exist)) Ataoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Ataş?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mustafa Ataş (page does not exist)) Ataş  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Şükrü_Ayalan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Şükrü Ayalan (page does not exist)) Ayalan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyüp_Ayar?action=edit&redlink=1) (Eyüp Ayar (page does not exist)) Ayar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdulkerim_Aydemir?action=edit&redlink=1) (Abdulkerim Aydemir (page does not exist)) Aydemir  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Aydın) (Ahmet Aydın) Aydın  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saadettin_Aydın?action=edit&redlink=1) (Saadettin Aydın (page does not exist)) Aydın  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemalettin_Aydın?action=edit&redlink=1) (Kemalettin Aydın (page does not exist)) Aydın  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Aydın) (Mehmet Aydın) Aydın  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halil_Aydoğan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Halil Aydoğan (page does not exist)) Aydoğan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Aydoğmuş?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ahmet Aydoğmuş (page does not exist)) Aydoğmuş  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asım_Aykan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Asım Aykan (page does not exist)) Aykan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lokman_Ayva?action=edit&redlink=1) (Lokman Ayva (page does not exist)) Ayva  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Babacan) (Ali Babacan) Babacan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadık_Badak?action=edit&redlink=1) (Sadık Badak (page does not exist)) Badak  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cahit_Bağcı?action=edit&redlink=1) (Cahit Bağcı (page does not exist)) Bağcı  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egemen_Bağış) (Egemen Bağış) Bağış  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayşe_Nur_Bahçekapılı) (Ayşe Nur Bahçekapılı) Bahçekapılı  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nimet_Baş) (Nimet Baş) Baş  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramazan_Başak?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ramazan Başak (page does not exist)) Başak  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzaffer_Baştopçu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Muzaffer Baştopçu (page does not exist)) Baştopçu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fetani_Battal?action=edit&redlink=1) (Fetani Battal (page does not exist)) Battal  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nusret_Bayraktar?action=edit&redlink=1) (Nusret Bayraktar (page does not exist)) Bayraktar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayram_Ali_Bayramoğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Bayram Ali Bayramoğlu (page does not exist)) Bayramoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gönül_Bekin_Şahkulubey?action=edit&redlink=1) (Gönül Bekin Şahkulubey (page does not exist)) Bekin Şahkulubey  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recai_Berber?action=edit&redlink=1) (Recai Berber (page does not exist)) Berber  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hüseyin_Besli?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hüseyin Besli (page does not exist)) Besli  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İsmail_Hakkı_Biçer?action=edit&redlink=1) (İsmail Hakkı Biçer (page does not exist)) Biçer  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İsmail_Bilen_(politician,_born_1961)?action=edit&redlink=1) (İsmail Bilen (politician, born 1961) (page does not exist)) Bilen  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Süreyya_Sadi_Bilgiç) (Süreyya Sadi Bilgiç) Bilgiç  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necat_Birinci?action=edit&redlink=1) (Necat Birinci (page does not exist)) Birinci  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuat_Bol?action=edit&redlink=1) (Fuat Bol (page does not exist)) Bol  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bekir_Bozdağ) (Bekir Bozdağ) Bozdağ  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necdet_Budak?action=edit&redlink=1) (Necdet Budak (page does not exist)) Budak  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Büyükakkaşlar?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ahmet Büyükakkaşlar (page does not exist)) Büyükakkaşlar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaattin_Büyükkaya?action=edit&redlink=1) (Alaattin Büyükkaya (page does not exist)) Büyükkaya  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Zafer_Çağlayan) (Mehmet Zafer Çağlayan) Çağlayan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayrettin_Çakmak?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hayrettin Çakmak (page does not exist)) Çakmak  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Öznur_Çalık?action=edit&redlink=1) (Öznur Çalık (page does not exist)) Çalık  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_Çalışkan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Abdullah Çalışkan (page does not exist)) Çalışkan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reha_Çamuroğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Reha Çamuroğlu (page does not exist)) Çamuroğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muharrem_Candan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Muharrem Candan (page does not exist)) Candan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canan_Candemir_Çelik?action=edit&redlink=1) (Canan Candemir Çelik (page does not exist)) Candemir Çelik  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurettin_Canikli) (Nurettin Canikli) Canikli  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mevlüt_Çavuşoğlu) (Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu) Çavuşoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erol_Aslan_Cebeci?action=edit&redlink=1) (Erol Aslan Cebeci (page does not exist)) Cebeci  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Süleyman_Çelebi_(politician)?action=edit&redlink=1) (Süleyman Çelebi (politician) (page does not exist)) Çelebi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ömer_Çelik) (Ömer Çelik) Çelik  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faruk_Çelik) (Faruk Çelik) Çelik  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_Ali_Çelik?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hasan Ali Çelik (page does not exist)) Çelik  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hüseyin_Çelik) (Hüseyin Çelik) Çelik  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Çerçi?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Çerçi (page does not exist)) Çerçi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Çetin?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mustafa Çetin (page does not exist)) Çetin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Necati_Çetinkaya?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Necati Çetinkaya (page does not exist)) Çetinkaya  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_Çetinkaya?action=edit&redlink=1) (Abdullah Çetinkaya (page does not exist)) Çetinkaya  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Ceylan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Ceylan (page does not exist)) Ceylan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cemil_Çiçek) (Cemil Çiçek) Çiçek  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Çiçek?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Çiçek (page does not exist)) Çiçek  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lütfi_Çırakoğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Lütfi Çırakoğlu (page does not exist)) Çırakoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ertekin_Çolak?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ertekin Çolak (page does not exist)) Çolak  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yusuf_Coşkun?action=edit&redlink=1) (Yusuf Coşkun (page does not exist)) Coşkun  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osman_Coşkun?action=edit&redlink=1) (Osman Coşkun (page does not exist)) Coşkun  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yüksel_Coşkunyürek) (Yüksel Coşkunyürek) Coşkunyürek  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Cumur?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mustafa Cumur (page does not exist)) Cumur  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fazilet_Dağcı_Çığlık?action=edit&redlink=1) (Fazilet Dağcı Çığlık (page does not exist)) Dağcı Çığlık  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeynep_Dağı?action=edit&redlink=1) (Zeynep Dağı (page does not exist)) Dağı  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Daniş?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Daniş (page does not exist)) Daniş  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmut_Dede?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mahmut Dede (page does not exist)) Dede  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alev_Dedegil?action=edit&redlink=1) (Alev Dedegil (page does not exist)) Dedegil  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Halit_Demir?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Halit Demir (page does not exist)) Demir  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cemal_Yılmaz_Demir?action=edit&redlink=1) (Cemal Yılmaz Demir (page does not exist)) Demir  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Demir) (Mustafa Demir) Demir  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osman_Demir?action=edit&redlink=1) (Osman Demir (page does not exist)) Demir  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afif_Demirkıran?action=edit&redlink=1) (Afif Demirkıran (page does not exist)) Demirkıran  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reha_Denemeç) (Reha Denemeç) Denemeç  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Beyazıt_Denizolgun?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Beyazıt Denizolgun (page does not exist)) Denizolgun  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hüseyin_Devecioğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hüseyin Devecioğlu (page does not exist)) Devecioğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Sait_Dilek?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Sait Dilek (page does not exist)) Dilek  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ömer_Dinçer) (Ömer Dinçer) Dinçer  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İkram_Dinçer?action=edit&redlink=1) (İkram Dinçer (page does not exist)) Dinçer  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Şaban_Dişli) (Şaban Dişli) Dişli  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdurrahman_Dodurgalı?action=edit&redlink=1) (Abdurrahman Dodurgalı (page does not exist)) Dodurgalı  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahya_Doğan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Yahya Doğan (page does not exist)) Doğan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avni_Doğan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Avni Doğan (page does not exist)) Doğan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İbrahim_Mete_Doğruer?action=edit&redlink=1) (İbrahim Mete Doğruer (page does not exist)) Doğruer  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Domaç?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Domaç (page does not exist)) Domaç  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmut_Durdu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mahmut Durdu (page does not exist)) Durdu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Mehdi_Eker) (Mehmet Mehdi Eker) Eker  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mithat_Ekici?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mithat Ekici (page does not exist)) Ekici  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Emin_Ekmen) (Mehmet Emin Ekmen) Ekmen  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazım_Ekren) (Nazım Ekren) Ekren  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Elitaş) (Mustafa Elitaş) Elitaş  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lütfi_Elvan) (Lütfi Elvan) Elvan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Er?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ali Er (page does not exist)) Er  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celal_Erbay?action=edit&redlink=1) (Celal Erbay (page does not exist)) Erbay  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Erdem_(politician)?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Erdem (politician) (page does not exist)) Erdem  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vahit_Erdem?action=edit&redlink=1) (Vahit Erdem (page does not exist)) Erdem  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orhan_Erdem?action=edit&redlink=1) (Orhan Erdem (page does not exist)) Erdem  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avni_Erdemir?action=edit&redlink=1) (Avni Erdemir (page does not exist)) Erdemir  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Erdoğan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Erdoğan (page does not exist)) Erdoğan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Salih_Erdoğan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Salih Erdoğan (page does not exist)) Erdoğan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Erdoğan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Erdoğan (page does not exist)) Erdoğan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan) Erdoğan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fazlı_Erdoğan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Fazlı Erdoğan (page does not exist)) Erdoğan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cevdet_Erdöl?action=edit&redlink=1) (Cevdet Erdöl (page does not exist)) Erdöl  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeki_Ergezen) (Zeki Ergezen) Ergezen  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadullah_Ergin) (Sadullah Ergin) Ergin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihat_Ergün) (Nihat Ergün) Ergün  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veysel_Eroğlu) (Veysel Eroğlu) Eroğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Ertürk?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ahmet Ertürk (page does not exist)) Ertürk  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaşar_Eryılmaz?action=edit&redlink=1) (Yaşar Eryılmaz (page does not exist)) Eryılmaz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İlhan_Evcin?action=edit&redlink=1) (İlhan Evcin (page does not exist)) Evcin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seyit_Eyyüpoğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Seyit Eyyüpoğlu (page does not exist)) Eyyüpoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyüp_Fatsa?action=edit&redlink=1) (Eyüp Fatsa (page does not exist)) Fatsa  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Erdal_Feralan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ahmet Erdal Feralan (page does not exist)) Feralan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmut_Mücahit_Fındıklı?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mahmut Mücahit Fındıklı (page does not exist)) Fındıklı  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dengir_Mir_Mehmet_Fırat) (Dengir Mir Mehmet Fırat) Fırat  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bülent_Gedikli?action=edit&redlink=1) (Bülent Gedikli (page does not exist)) Gedikli  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İsmail_Göksel?action=edit&redlink=1) (İsmail Göksel (page does not exist)) Göksel  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemalettin_Göktaş?action=edit&redlink=1) (Kemalettin Göktaş (page does not exist)) Göktaş  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Vecdi_Gönül) (Mehmet Vecdi Gönül) Gönül  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azize_Sibel_Gönül?action=edit&redlink=1) (Azize Sibel Gönül (page does not exist)) Gönül  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sami_Güçlü) (Sami Güçlü) Güçlü  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Hilmi_Güler) (Mehmet Hilmi Güler) Güler  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akif_Gülle?action=edit&redlink=1) (Akif Gülle (page does not exist)) Gülle  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İdris_Güllüce) (İdris Güllüce) Güllüce  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyyüp_Cenap_Gülpınar?action=edit&redlink=1) (Eyyüp Cenap Gülpınar (page does not exist)) Gülpınar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hüseyin_Gülsün?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hüseyin Gülsün (page does not exist)) Gülsün  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzaffer_Gülyurt?action=edit&redlink=1) (Muzaffer Gülyurt (page does not exist)) Gülyurt  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ertuğrul_Günay) (Ertuğrul Günay) Günay  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İrfan_Gündüz?action=edit&redlink=1) (İrfan Gündüz (page does not exist)) Gündüz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Güner?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ali Güner (page does not exist)) Güner  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ülkü_Gökalp_Güney?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ülkü Gökalp Güney (page does not exist)) Güney  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatoş_Gürkan) (Fatoş Gürkan) Gürkan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Şevket_Gürsoy?action=edit&redlink=1) (Şevket Gürsoy (page does not exist)) Gürsoy  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmut_Esat_Güven?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mahmut Esat Güven (page does not exist)) Güven  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Hamarat) (Mustafa Hamarat) Hamarat  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İbrahim_Hasgür?action=edit&redlink=1) (İbrahim Hasgür (page does not exist)) Hasgür  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memet_Yılmaz_Helvacıoğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Memet Yılmaz Helvacıoğlu (page does not exist)) Helvacıoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Nil_Hıdır?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Nil Hıdır (page does not exist)) Hıdır  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatma_Seniha_Nükhet_Hotar?action=edit&redlink=1) (Fatma Seniha Nükhet Hotar (page does not exist)) Hotar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_İnal?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ahmet İnal (page does not exist)) İnal  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ömer_İnan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ömer İnan (page does not exist)) İnan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halide_İncekara?action=edit&redlink=1) (Halide İncekara (page does not exist)) İncekara  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İlknur_İnceöz?action=edit&redlink=1) (İlknur İnceöz (page does not exist)) İnceöz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haluk_İpek?action=edit&redlink=1) (Haluk İpek (page does not exist)) İpek  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_İyimaya?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ahmet İyimaya (page does not exist)) İyimaya  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fikri_Işık) (Fikri Işık) Işık  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Kabakcı?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mustafa Kabakcı (page does not exist)) Kabakcı  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ünal_Kacır?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ünal Kacır (page does not exist)) Kacır  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ağah_Kafkas?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ağah Kafkas (page does not exist)) Kafkas  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdülhadi_Kahya?action=edit&redlink=1) (Abdülhadi Kahya (page does not exist)) Kahya  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erdal_Kalkan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Erdal Kalkan (page does not exist)) Kalkan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canan_Kalsın?action=edit&redlink=1) (Canan Kalsın (page does not exist)) Kalsın  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salih_Kapusuz?action=edit&redlink=1) (Salih Kapusuz (page does not exist)) Kapusuz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_Kara?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hasan Kara (page does not exist)) Kara  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeki_Karabayır?action=edit&redlink=1) (Zeki Karabayır (page does not exist)) Karabayır  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebahattin_Karakelle?action=edit&redlink=1) (Sebahattin Karakelle (page does not exist)) Karakelle  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Altan_Karapaşaoğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Altan Karapaşaoğlu (page does not exist)) Karapaşaoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orhan_Karasayar?action=edit&redlink=1) (Orhan Karasayar (page does not exist)) Karasayar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seracettin_Karayağız?action=edit&redlink=1) (Seracettin Karayağız (page does not exist)) Karayağız  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaşar_Karayel?action=edit&redlink=1) (Yaşar Karayel (page does not exist)) Karayel  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metin_Kaşıkoğlu) (Metin Kaşıkoğlu) Kaşıkoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durdu_Mehmet_Kastal?action=edit&redlink=1) (Durdu Mehmet Kastal (page does not exist)) Kastal  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İsmail_Katmerci?action=edit&redlink=1) (İsmail Katmerci (page does not exist)) Katmerci  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selma_Aliye_Kavaf) (Selma Aliye Kavaf) Kavaf  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İbrahim_Kavaz?action=edit&redlink=1) (İbrahim Kavaz (page does not exist)) Kavaz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cemal_Kaya?action=edit&redlink=1) (Cemal Kaya (page does not exist)) Kaya  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saffet_Kaya_(politician)?action=edit&redlink=1) (Saffet Kaya (politician) (page does not exist)) Kaya  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burhan_Kayatürk?action=edit&redlink=1) (Burhan Kayatürk (page does not exist)) Kayatürk  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veysi_Kaynak) (Veysi Kaynak) Kaynak  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vahit_Kiler?action=edit&redlink=1) (Vahit Kiler (page does not exist)) Kiler  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_Fehmi_Kinay?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hasan Fehmi Kinay (page does not exist)) Kinay  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vahit_Kirişci) (Vahit Kirişci) Kirişci  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suat_Kılıç) (Suat Kılıç) Kılıç  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osman_Kılıç?action=edit&redlink=1) (Osman Kılıç (page does not exist)) Kılıç  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suat_Kınıklıoğlu) (Suat Kınıklıoğlu) Kınıklıoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turan_Kıratlı?action=edit&redlink=1) (Turan Kıratlı (page does not exist)) Kıratlı  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feyzullah_Kıyıklık?action=edit&redlink=1) (Feyzullah Kıyıklık (page does not exist)) Kıyıklık  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedat_Kızılcıklı?action=edit&redlink=1) (Sedat Kızılcıklı (page does not exist)) Kızılcıklı  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atilla_Koç) (Atilla Koç) Koç  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Koca?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ahmet Koca (page does not exist)) Koca  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faruk_Koca) (Faruk Koca) Koca  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İhsan_Koca?action=edit&redlink=1) (İhsan Koca (page does not exist)) Koca  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Koral?action=edit&redlink=1) (Recep Koral (page does not exist)) Koral  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rıtvan_Köybaşı?action=edit&redlink=1) (Rıtvan Köybaşı (page does not exist)) Köybaşı  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakkı_Köylü?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hakkı Köylü (page does not exist)) Köylü  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Koyuncu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ali Koyuncu (page does not exist)) Koyuncu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Küçükaydın?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ali Küçükaydın (page does not exist)) Küçükaydın  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Kul?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ali Kul (page does not exist)) Kul  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdurrahman_Kurt?action=edit&redlink=1) (Abdurrahman Kurt (page does not exist)) Kurt  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haydar_Kemal_Kurt?action=edit&redlink=1) (Haydar Kemal Kurt (page does not exist)) Kurt  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Müjdat_Kuşku?action=edit&redlink=1) (Müjdat Kuşku (page does not exist)) Kuşku  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fehmi_Hüsrev_Kutlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Fehmi Hüsrev Kutlu (page does not exist)) Kutlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burhan_Kuzu) (Burhan Kuzu) Kuzu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İbrahim_Halil_Mazıcıoğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (İbrahim Halil Mazıcıoğlu (page does not exist)) Mazıcıoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesude_Nursuna_Memecan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mesude Nursuna Memecan (page does not exist)) Memecan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_Murat_Mercan) (Hasan Murat Mercan) Mercan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_İhsan_Merdanoğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ali İhsan Merdanoğlu (page does not exist)) Merdanoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatih_Metin?action=edit&redlink=1) (Fatih Metin (page does not exist)) Metin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Müezzinoğlu) (Mehmet Müezzinoğlu) Müezzinoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Özlem_Müftüoğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Özlem Müftüoğlu (page does not exist)) Müftüoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Ocakden?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Ocakden (page does not exist)) Ocakden  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Özkan_Öksüz?action=edit&redlink=1) (Özkan Öksüz (page does not exist)) Öksüz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Öksüzkaya?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ahmet Öksüzkaya (page does not exist)) Öksüzkaya  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuat_Ölmeztoprak?action=edit&redlink=1) (Fuat Ölmeztoprak (page does not exist)) Ölmeztoprak  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdulkadir_Emin_Önen) (Abdulkadir Emin Önen) Önen  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hüsnü_Ordu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hüsnü Ordu (page does not exist)) Ordu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gülşen_Orhan) (Gülşen Orhan) Orhan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ömer_Faruk_Öz?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ömer Faruk Öz (page does not exist)) Öz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faruk_Nafız_Özak) (Faruk Nafız Özak) Özak  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Özbayrak?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mustafa Özbayrak (page does not exist)) Özbayrak  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdulmuttalip_Özbek?action=edit&redlink=1) (Abdulmuttalip Özbek (page does not exist)) Özbek  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayram_Özçelik?action=edit&redlink=1) (Bayram Özçelik (page does not exist)) Özçelik  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazmi_Haluk_Özdalga?action=edit&redlink=1) (Nazmi Haluk Özdalga (page does not exist)) Özdalga  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yüksel_Özden?action=edit&redlink=1) (Yüksel Özden (page does not exist)) Özden  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İsmail_Özgün?action=edit&redlink=1) (İsmail Özgün (page does not exist)) Özgün  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerim_Özkul?action=edit&redlink=1) (Kerim Özkul (page does not exist)) Özkul  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Cemal_Öztaylan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Cemal Öztaylan (page does not exist)) Öztaylan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahir_Öztürk?action=edit&redlink=1) (Tahir Öztürk (page does not exist)) Öztürk  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emin_Nedim_Öztürk?action=edit&redlink=1) (Emin Nedim Öztürk (page does not exist)) Öztürk  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Öztürk_(politician,_born_1953)?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mustafa Öztürk (politician, born 1953) (page does not exist)) Öztürk  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Öztürk_(politician)?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ali Öztürk (politician) (page does not exist)) Öztürk  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatih_Öztürk_(politician)?action=edit&redlink=1) (Fatih Öztürk (politician) (page does not exist)) Öztürk  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevzat_Pakdil?action=edit&redlink=1) (Nevzat Pakdil (page does not exist)) Pakdil  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mücahit_Pehlivan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mücahit Pehlivan (page does not exist)) Pehlivan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osman_Pepe) (Osman Pepe) Pepe  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Özlem_Piltanoğlu) (Özlem Piltanoğlu) Piltanoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrettin_Poyraz?action=edit&redlink=1) (Fahrettin Poyraz (page does not exist)) Poyraz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Sağlam?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Sağlam (page does not exist)) Sağlam  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Osman_Sali?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ali Osman Sali (page does not exist)) Sali  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatma_Salman_Kotan) (Fatma Salman Kotan) Salman Kotan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Sarı_(Gaziantepli)?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Sarı (Gaziantepli) (page does not exist)) Sarı  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Gökhan_Sarıçam?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ahmet Gökhan Sarıçam (page does not exist)) Sarıçam  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Sekmen?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Sekmen (page does not exist)) Sekmen  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muharrem_Selamoğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Muharrem Selamoğlu (page does not exist)) Selamoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faruk_Septioğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Faruk Septioğlu (page does not exist)) Septioğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_Veli_Seyda?action=edit&redlink=1) (Abdullah Veli Seyda (page does not exist)) Seyda  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safiye_Seymenoğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Safiye Seymenoğlu (page does not exist)) Seymenoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musa_Sıvacıoğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Musa Sıvacıoğlu (page does not exist)) Sıvacıoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacı_Hasan_Sönmez?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hacı Hasan Sönmez (page does not exist)) Sönmez  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edibe_Sözen) (Edibe Sözen) Sözen  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Ali_Şahin) (Mehmet Ali Şahin) Şahin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatma_Şahin) (Fatma Şahin) Şahin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İdris_Naim_Şahin) (İdris Naim Şahin) Şahin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Şahin?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Şahin (page does not exist)) Şahin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birnur_Şahinoğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Birnur Şahinoğlu (page does not exist)) Şahinoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fevzi_Şanverdi?action=edit&redlink=1) (Fevzi Şanverdi (page does not exist)) Şanverdi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Şimşek) (Mehmet Şimşek) Şimşek  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hüseyin_Tanrıverdi?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hüseyin Tanrıverdi (page does not exist)) Tanrıverdi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cemal_Taşar?action=edit&redlink=1) (Cemal Taşar (page does not exist)) Taşar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cafer_Tatlıbal?action=edit&redlink=1) (Cafer Tatlıbal (page does not exist)) Tatlıbal  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necip_Taylan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Necip Taylan (page does not exist)) Taylan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Sayım_Tekelioğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Sayım Tekelioğlu (page does not exist)) Tekelioğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Temür?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ali Temür (page does not exist)) Temür  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadir_Tıngıroğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Kadir Tıngıroğlu (page does not exist)) Tıngıroğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Köksal_Toptan) (Köksal Toptan) Toptan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harun_Tüfekci?action=edit&redlink=1) (Harun Tüfekci (page does not exist)) Tüfekci  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hüseyin_Tuğcu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hüseyin Tuğcu (page does not exist)) Tuğcu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hüsnü_Tuna?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hüsnü Tuna (page does not exist)) Tuna  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yılmaz_Tunç) (Yılmaz Tunç) Tunç  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Tunçak?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Tunçak (page does not exist)) Tunçak  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polat_Türkmen?action=edit&redlink=1) (Polat Türkmen (page does not exist)) Türkmen  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayşe_Türkmenoğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ayşe Türkmenoğlu (page does not exist)) Türkmenoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kayhan_Türkmenoğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Kayhan Türkmenoğlu (page does not exist)) Türkmenoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Emin_Tutan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Emin Tutan (page does not exist)) Tutan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kürşad_Tüzmen) (Kürşad Tüzmen) Tüzmen  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Edip_Uğur) (Ahmet Edip Uğur) Uğur  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemal_Unakıtan) (Kemal Unakıtan) Unakıtan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumhur_Ünal?action=edit&redlink=1) (Cumhur Ünal (page does not exist)) Ünal  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Ünal?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mustafa Ünal (page does not exist)) Ünal  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necdet_Ünüvar) (Necdet Ünüvar) Ünüvar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Zafer_Üskül?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Zafer Üskül (page does not exist)) Üskül  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuri_Uslu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Nuri Uslu (page does not exist)) Uslu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayhan_Sefer_Üstün?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ayhan Sefer Üstün (page does not exist)) Üstün  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selami_Uzun?action=edit&redlink=1) (Selami Uzun (page does not exist)) Uzun  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaşar_Yakış) (Yaşar Yakış) Yakış  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadık_Yakut) (Sadık Yakut) Yakut  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevzat_Yalçıntaş) (Nevzat Yalçıntaş) Yalçıntaş  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_Kemal_Yardımcı?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hasan Kemal Yardımcı (page does not exist)) Yardımcı  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayati_Yazıcı) (Hayati Yazıcı) Yazıcı  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Said_Yazıcıoğlu) (Mustafa Said Yazıcıoğlu) Yazıcıoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuğrul_Yemişci?action=edit&redlink=1) (Tuğrul Yemişci (page does not exist)) Yemişci  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Yeni?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ahmet Yeni (page does not exist)) Yeni  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamza_Yerlikaya) (Hamza Yerlikaya) Yerlikaya  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdurrahman_Müfit_Yetkin?action=edit&redlink=1) (Abdurrahman Müfit Yetkin (page does not exist)) Yetkin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İbrahim_Yiğit?action=edit&redlink=1) (İbrahim Yiğit (page does not exist)) Yiğit  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murat_Yıldırım_(politician)?action=edit&redlink=1) (Murat Yıldırım (politician) (page does not exist)) Yıldırım  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binali_Yıldırım) (Binali Yıldırım) Yıldırım  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Yıldırım?action=edit&redlink=1) (Recep Yıldırım (page does not exist)) Yıldırım  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taner_Yıldız) (Taner Yıldız) Yıldız  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cevdet_Yılmaz) (Cevdet Yılmaz) Yılmaz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metin_Yılmaz?action=edit&redlink=1) (Metin Yılmaz (page does not exist)) Yılmaz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medeni_Yılmaz) (Medeni Yılmaz) Yılmaz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayhan_Yılmaz?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ayhan Yılmaz (page does not exist)) Yılmaz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enver_Yılmaz) (Enver Yılmaz) Yılmaz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Yüksel_(politician)?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Yüksel (politician) (page does not exist)) Yüksel  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cüneyt_Yüksel?action=edit&redlink=1) (Cüneyt Yüksel (page does not exist)) Yüksel  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilek_Yüksel?action=edit&redlink=1) (Dilek Yüksel (page does not exist)) Yüksel  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rüstem_Zeydan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Rüstem Zeydan (page does not exist)) Zeydan     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_Turkish_Parliament_(Türkiye_Büyük_Millet_Meclisi).svg)       (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_People's_Party) (Republican People's Party) Republican People's Party  (CHP – 102) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaşar_Ağyüz?action=edit&redlink=1) (Yaşar Ağyüz (page does not exist)) Ağyüz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zekeriya_Akıncı?action=edit&redlink=1) (Zekeriya Akıncı (page does not exist)) Akıncı  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engin_Altay) (Engin Altay) Altay  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kıvılcım_Kemal_Anadol?action=edit&redlink=1) (Kıvılcım Kemal Anadol (page does not exist)) Anadol  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necla_Arat?action=edit&redlink=1) (Necla Arat (page does not exist)) Arat  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metin_Arifağaoğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Metin Arifağaoğlu (page does not exist)) Arifağaoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cânân_Aritman?action=edit&redlink=1) (Cânân Aritman (page does not exist)) Aritman  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Arslan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ali Arslan (page does not exist)) Arslan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferit_Mevlüt_Aslanoğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ferit Mevlüt Aslanoğlu (page does not exist)) Aslanoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Fatih_Atay?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Fatih Atay (page does not exist)) Atay  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yılmaz_Ateş?action=edit&redlink=1) (Yılmaz Ateş (page does not exist)) Ateş  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergün_Aydoğan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ergün Aydoğan (page does not exist)) Aydoğan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selçuk_Ayhan) (Selçuk Ayhan) Ayhan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bülent_Baratalı?action=edit&redlink=1) (Bülent Baratalı (page does not exist)) Baratalı  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tansel_Barış?action=edit&redlink=1) (Tansel Barış (page does not exist)) Barış  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deniz_Baykal) (Deniz Baykal) Baykal  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nesrin_Baytok?action=edit&redlink=1) (Nesrin Baytok (page does not exist)) Baytok  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tekin_Bingöl) (Tekin Bingöl) Bingöl  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suat_Binici?action=edit&redlink=1) (Suat Binici (page does not exist)) Binici  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasim_Çakır?action=edit&redlink=1) (Rasim Çakır (page does not exist)) Çakır  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuat_Çay?action=edit&redlink=1) (Fuat Çay (page does not exist)) Çay  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hüsnü_Çöllü?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hüsnü Çöllü (page does not exist)) Çöllü  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mevlüt_Coşkuner?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mevlüt Coşkuner (page does not exist)) Coşkuner  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osman_Coşkunoğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Osman Coşkunoğlu (page does not exist)) Coşkunoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemal_Demirel?action=edit&redlink=1) (Kemal Demirel (page does not exist)) Demirel  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turgut_Dibek?action=edit&redlink=1) (Turgut Dibek (page does not exist)) Dibek  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orhan_Ziya_Diren?action=edit&redlink=1) (Orhan Ziya Diren (page does not exist)) Diren  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gökhan_Durgun?action=edit&redlink=1) (Gökhan Durgun (page does not exist)) Durgun  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akif_Ekici?action=edit&redlink=1) (Akif Ekici (page does not exist)) Ekici  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Şükrü_Elekdağ) (Mustafa Şükrü Elekdağ) Elekdağ  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atila_Emek) (Atila Emek) Emek  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevingaye_Erbatur?action=edit&redlink=1) (Nevingaye Erbatur (page does not exist)) Erbatur  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hikmet_Erenkaya?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hikmet Erenkaya (page does not exist)) Erenkaya  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gürol_Ergin?action=edit&redlink=1) (Gürol Ergin (page does not exist)) Ergin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Ersin?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ahmet Ersin (page does not exist)) Ersin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Rıza_Ertemür?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ali Rıza Ertemür (page does not exist)) Ertemür  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdurrezzak_Erten?action=edit&redlink=1) (Abdurrezzak Erten (page does not exist)) Erten  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamer_Genç) (Kamer Genç) Genç  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İsa_Gök?action=edit&redlink=1) (İsa Gök (page does not exist)) Gök  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derviş_Günday?action=edit&redlink=1) (Derviş Günday (page does not exist)) Günday  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rahmi_Güner?action=edit&redlink=1) (Rahmi Güner (page does not exist)) Güner  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hulusi_Güvel?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hulusi Güvel (page does not exist)) Güvel  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algan_Hacaloğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Algan Hacaloğlu (page does not exist)) Hacaloğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Emrehan_Halıcı?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Emrehan Halıcı (page does not exist)) Halıcı  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Akif_Hamzaçebi) (Mehmet Akif Hamzaçebi) Hamzaçebi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hüseyin_Tayfun_İçli?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hüseyin Tayfun İçli (page does not exist)) İçli  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muharrem_İnce) (Muharrem İnce) İnce  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osman_Kaptan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Osman Kaptan (page does not exist)) Kaptan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eşref_Karaibrahim?action=edit&redlink=1) (Eşref Karaibrahim (page does not exist)) Karaibrahim  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atilla_Kart?action=edit&redlink=1) (Atilla Kart (page does not exist)) Kart  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birgen_Keleş?action=edit&redlink=1) (Birgen Keleş (page does not exist)) Keleş  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemal_Kılıçdaroğlu) (Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu) Kılıçdaroğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Haluk_Koç) (Ahmet Haluk Koç) Koç  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Koçal?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ali Koçal (page does not exist)) Koçal  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_İhsan_Köktürk?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ali İhsan Köktürk (page does not exist)) Köktürk  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esfender_Korkmaz?action=edit&redlink=1) (Esfender Korkmaz (page does not exist)) Korkmaz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Şevket_Köse?action=edit&redlink=1) (Şevket Köse (page does not exist)) Köse  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Küçük?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ahmet Küçük (page does not exist)) Küçük  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Şevki_Kulkuloğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Şevki Kulkuloğlu (page does not exist)) Kulkuloğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Şahin_Mengü?action=edit&redlink=1) (Şahin Mengü (page does not exist)) Mengü  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayramali_Meral?action=edit&redlink=1) (Bayramali Meral (page does not exist)) Meral  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Şükran_Güldal_Mumcu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Şükran Güldal Mumcu (page does not exist)) Mumcu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensar_Öğüt?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ensar Öğüt (page does not exist)) Öğüt  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakkı_Suha_Okay?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hakkı Suha Okay (page does not exist)) Okay  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Oksal?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ali Oksal (page does not exist)) Oksal  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Şinasi_Öktem?action=edit&redlink=1) (Şinasi Öktem (page does not exist)) Öktem  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oğuz_Oyan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Oğuz Oyan (page does not exist)) Oyan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onur_Başaran_Öymen?action=edit&redlink=1) (Onur Başaran Öymen (page does not exist)) Öymen  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durdu_Özbolat?action=edit&redlink=1) (Durdu Özbolat (page does not exist)) Özbolat  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malik_Ecder_Özdemir?action=edit&redlink=1) (Malik Ecder Özdemir (page does not exist)) Özdemir  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_Özer?action=edit&redlink=1) (Abdullah Özer (page does not exist)) Özer  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramazan_Kerim_Özkan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ramazan Kerim Özkan (page does not exist)) Özkan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Ali_Özpolat?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Ali Özpolat (page does not exist)) Özpolat  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faik_Öztrak_(politician,_born_1954)) (Faik Öztrak (politician, born 1954)) Öztrak  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harun_Öztürk?action=edit&redlink=1) (Harun Öztürk (page does not exist)) Öztürk  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Rıza_Öztürk?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ali Rıza Öztürk (page does not exist)) Öztürk  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Özyürek?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mustafa Özyürek (page does not exist)) Özyürek  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilgin_Paçarız?action=edit&redlink=1) (Bilgin Paçarız (page does not exist)) Paçarız  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hüseyin_Pazarcı?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hüseyin Pazarcı (page does not exist)) Pazarcı  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Önder_Sav) (Önder Sav) Sav  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vahap_Seçer?action=edit&redlink=1) (Vahap Seçer (page does not exist)) Seçer  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Cevdet_Selvi?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Cevdet Selvi (page does not exist)) Selvi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatma_Nur_Serter) (Fatma Nur Serter) Serter  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Sevigen?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Sevigen (page does not exist)) Sevigen  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tacidar_Seyhan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Tacidar Seyhan (page does not exist)) Seyhan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fehmi_Murat_Sönmez?action=edit&redlink=1) (Fehmi Murat Sönmez (page does not exist)) Sönmez  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Çetin_Soysal?action=edit&redlink=1) (Çetin Soysal (page does not exist)) Soysal  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tayfur_Süner?action=edit&redlink=1) (Tayfur Süner (page does not exist)) Süner  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Ali_Susam?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Ali Susam (page does not exist)) Susam  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bihlun_Tamaylıgil) (Bihlun Tamaylıgil) Tamaylıgil  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Tan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ahmet Tan (page does not exist)) Tan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erol_Tınastepe?action=edit&redlink=1) (Erol Tınastepe (page does not exist)) Tınastepe  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Topuz) (Ali Topuz) Topuz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fevzi_Topuz?action=edit&redlink=1) (Fevzi Topuz (page does not exist)) Topuz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enis_Tütüncü?action=edit&redlink=1) (Enis Tütüncü (page does not exist)) Tütüncü  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaşar_Tüzün) (Yaşar Tüzün) Tüzün  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halil_Ünlütepe?action=edit&redlink=1) (Halil Ünlütepe (page does not exist)) Ünlütepe  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hüseyin_Ünsal?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hüseyin Ünsal (page does not exist)) Ünsal  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammet_Rıza_Yalçınkaya?action=edit&redlink=1) (Muhammet Rıza Yalçınkaya (page does not exist)) Yalçınkaya  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdulaziz_Yazar?action=edit&redlink=1) (Abdulaziz Yazar (page does not exist)) Yazar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Erdoğan_Yetenç?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mustafa Erdoğan Yetenç (page does not exist)) Yetenç  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacid_Yıldız?action=edit&redlink=1) (Sacid Yıldız (page does not exist)) Yıldız      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationalist_Movement_Party) (Nationalist Movement Party) Nationalist  Movement Party  (MHP – 72) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdülkadir_Akcan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Abdülkadir Akcan (page does not exist)) Akcan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erkan_Akçay?action=edit&redlink=1) (Erkan Akçay (page does not exist)) Akçay  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akif_Akkuş?action=edit&redlink=1) (Akif Akkuş (page does not exist)) Akkuş  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meral_Akşener) (Meral Akşener) Akşener  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bekir_Aksoy?action=edit&redlink=1) (Bekir Aksoy (page does not exist)) Aksoy  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beytullah_Asil?action=edit&redlink=1) (Beytullah Asil (page does not exist)) Asil  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kürşat_Atılgan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Kürşat Atılgan (page does not exist)) Atılgan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emin_Haluk_Ayhan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Emin Haluk Ayhan (page does not exist)) Ayhan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devlet_Bahçeli) (Devlet Bahçeli) Bahçeli  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faruk_Bal?action=edit&redlink=1) (Faruk Bal (page does not exist)) Bal  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murat_Başesgioğlu) (Murat Başesgioğlu) Başesgioğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Deniz_Bölükbaşı?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ahmet Deniz Bölükbaşı (page does not exist)) Bölükbaşı  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Bukan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ahmet Bukan (page does not exist)) Bukan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Duran_Bulut?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ahmet Duran Bulut (page does not exist)) Bulut  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İsmet_Büyükataman?action=edit&redlink=1) (İsmet Büyükataman (page does not exist)) Büyükataman  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osman_Çakır_(politician)?action=edit&redlink=1) (Osman Çakır (politician) (page does not exist)) Çakır  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabahattin_Çakmakoğlu) (Sabahattin Çakmakoğlu) Çakmakoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_Çalış?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hasan Çalış (page does not exist)) Çalış  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behiç_Çelik?action=edit&redlink=1) (Behiç Çelik (page does not exist)) Çelik  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Cengiz?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mustafa Kemal Cengiz (page does not exist)) Cengiz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Süleyman_Turan_Çirkin?action=edit&redlink=1) (Süleyman Turan Çirkin (page does not exist)) Çirkin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metin_Çobanoğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Metin Çobanoğlu (page does not exist)) Çobanoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakan_Coşkun?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hakan Coşkun (page does not exist)) Coşkun  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gürcan_Dağdaş?action=edit&redlink=1) (Gürcan Dağdaş (page does not exist)) Dağdaş  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reşat_Doğru?action=edit&redlink=1) (Reşat Doğru (page does not exist)) Doğru  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osman_Durmuş) (Osman Durmuş) Durmuş  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cumali_Durmuş?action=edit&redlink=1) (Cumali Durmuş (page does not exist)) Durmuş  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Ekici_(politician)?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Ekici (politician) (page does not exist)) Ekici  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Enöz?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mustafa Enöz (page does not exist)) Enöz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metin_Ergun?action=edit&redlink=1) (Metin Ergun (page does not exist)) Ergun  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeki_Ertugay?action=edit&redlink=1) (Zeki Ertugay (page does not exist)) Ertugay  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osman_Ertuğrul?action=edit&redlink=1) (Osman Ertuğrul (page does not exist)) Ertuğrul  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Günal) (Mehmet Günal) Günal  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamza_Hamit_Homriş?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hamza Hamit Homriş (page does not exist)) Homriş  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mümin_İnan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mümin İnan (page does not exist)) İnan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yusuf_Ziya_İrbeç?action=edit&redlink=1) (Yusuf Ziya İrbeç (page does not exist)) İrbeç  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alim_Işık?action=edit&redlink=1) (Alim Işık (page does not exist)) Işık  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Kalaycı?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mustafa Kalaycı (page does not exist)) Kalaycı  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atila_Kaya?action=edit&redlink=1) (Atila Kaya (page does not exist)) Kaya  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Süleyman_Nevzat_Korkmaz?action=edit&redlink=1) (Süleyman Nevzat Korkmaz (page does not exist)) Korkmaz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ertuğrul_Kumcuoğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ertuğrul Kumcuoğlu (page does not exist)) Kumcuoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Münir_Kutluata?action=edit&redlink=1) (Münir Kutluata (page does not exist)) Kutluata  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mithat_Melen?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mithat Melen (page does not exist)) Melen  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemalettin_Nalcı?action=edit&redlink=1) (Kemalettin Nalcı (page does not exist)) Nalcı  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Orhan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ahmet Orhan (page does not exist)) Orhan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Zekai_Özcan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Zekai Özcan (page does not exist)) Özcan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_Özdemir) (Hasan Özdemir) Özdemir  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necati_Özensoy?action=edit&redlink=1) (Necati Özensoy (page does not exist)) Özensoy  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murat_Özkan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Murat Özkan (page does not exist)) Özkan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Cihan_Paçacı?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mustafa Cihan Paçacı (page does not exist)) Paçacı  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Akif_Paksoy?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Akif Paksoy (page does not exist)) Paksoy  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ümit_Şafak?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ümit Şafak (page does not exist)) Şafak  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Şandır) (Mehmet Şandır) Şandır  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Serdaroğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Serdaroğlu (page does not exist)) Serdaroğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamil_Erdal_Sipahi?action=edit&redlink=1) (Kamil Erdal Sipahi (page does not exist)) Sipahi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Şenol_Sunat) (Şenol Sunat) Sunat  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Taner?action=edit&redlink=1) (Recep Taner (page does not exist)) Taner  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yılmaz_Tankut?action=edit&redlink=1) (Yılmaz Tankut (page does not exist)) Tankut  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Kenan_Tanrıkulu) (Ahmet Kenan Tanrıkulu) Tanrıkulu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durmuşali_Torlak?action=edit&redlink=1) (Durmuşali Torlak (page does not exist)) Torlak  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunca_Toskay?action=edit&redlink=1) (Tunca Toskay (page does not exist)) Toskay  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yıldırım_Tuğrul_Türkeş) (Yıldırım Tuğrul Türkeş) Türkeş  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadir_Ural?action=edit&redlink=1) (Kadir Ural (page does not exist)) Ural  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cemaleddin_Uslu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Cemaleddin Uslu (page does not exist)) Uslu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Uzunırmak?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ali Uzunırmak (page does not exist)) Uzunırmak  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muharrem_Varlı) (Muharrem Varlı) Varlı  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oktay_Vural) (Oktay Vural) Vural  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rıdvan_Yalçın?action=edit&redlink=1) (Rıdvan Yalçın (page does not exist)) Yalçın  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recai_Yıldırım?action=edit&redlink=1) (Recai Yıldırım (page does not exist)) Yıldırım  Yıldız (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İzzettin_Yılmaz?action=edit&redlink=1) (İzzettin Yılmaz (page does not exist)) Yılmaz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Süleyman_Latif_Yunusoğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Süleyman Latif Yunusoğlu (page does not exist)) Yunusoğlu      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_and_Democracy_Party) (Peace and Democracy Party) Peace and Democracy Party  (BDP – 26) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayla_Akat_Ata) (Ayla Akat Ata) Akat Ata  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Çağla_Aktemur?action=edit&redlink=1) (Çağla Aktemur (page does not exist)) Aktemur  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emine_Ayna) (Emine Ayna) Ayna  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevahir_Bayındır) (Sevahir Bayındır) Bayındır  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İbrahim_Binici?action=edit&redlink=1) (İbrahim Binici (page does not exist)) Binici  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akın_Birdal) (Akın Birdal) Birdal  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recai_Birgün?action=edit&redlink=1) (Recai Birgün (page does not exist)) Birgün  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pervin_Buldan) (Pervin Buldan) Buldan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabahattin_Cevheri) (Sabahattin Cevheri) Cevheri  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selahattin_Demirtaş) (Selahattin Demirtaş) Demirtaş  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eşref_Erdem?action=edit&redlink=1) (Eşref Erdem (page does not exist)) Erdem  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamit_Geylani) (Hamit Geylani) Geylani  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Şerafettin_Halis?action=edit&redlink=1) (Şerafettin Halis (page does not exist)) Halis  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zülfükar_İzol?action=edit&redlink=1) (Zülfükar İzol (page does not exist)) İzol  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Nezir_Karabaş?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Nezir Karabaş (page does not exist)) Karabaş  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasip_Kaplan) (Hasip Kaplan) Kaplan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İlhan_Kesici) (İlhan Kesici) Kesici  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gültan_Kışanak) (Gültan Kışanak) Kışanak  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatma_Kurtulan) (Fatma Kurtulan) Kurtulan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osman_Özçelik?action=edit&redlink=1) (Osman Özçelik (page does not exist)) Özçelik  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sırrı_Sakik?action=edit&redlink=1) (Sırrı Sakik (page does not exist)) Sakik  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebahat_Tuncel) (Sebahat Tuncel) Tuncel  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Özdal_Üçer?action=edit&redlink=1) (Özdal Üçer (page does not exist)) Üçer  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Ufuk_Uras) (Mehmet Ufuk Uras) Uras  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Nuri_Yaman?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Nuri Yaman (page does not exist)) Yaman  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengi_Yıldız) (Bengi Yıldız) Yıldız      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Left_Party_(Turkey)) (Democratic Left Party (Turkey)) Democratic Left Party  (DSP – 6) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayşe_Jale_Ağırbaş?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ayşe Jale Ağırbaş (page does not exist)) Ağırbaş  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_Erçelebi?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hasan Erçelebi (page does not exist)) Erçelebi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_Macit?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hasan Macit (page does not exist)) Macit  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hüseyin_Mert?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hüseyin Mert (page does not exist)) Mert  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Vural?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mustafa Vural (page does not exist)) Vural  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Süleyman_Yağız?action=edit&redlink=1) (Süleyman Yağız (page does not exist)) Yağız      Others (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feyzi_İşbaşaran?action=edit&redlink=1) (Feyzi İşbaşaran (page does not exist)) İşbaşaran (Independent) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Mesut_Yılmaz) (Ahmet Mesut Yılmaz) Yılmaz (Independent) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Yaşar_Öztürk?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Yaşar Öztürk (page does not exist)) Öztürk ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey_Party) (Turkey Party) TP )     Membership ended prematurely (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdulhadi_Akaydın?action=edit&redlink=1) (Abdulhadi Akaydın (page does not exist)) Akaydın  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gündüz_Suphi_Aktan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Gündüz Suphi Aktan (page does not exist)) Aktan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_Gül) (Abdullah Gül) Gül  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Kuş?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mustafa Kuş (page does not exist)) Kuş  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aysel_Tuğluk) (Aysel Tuğluk) Tuğluk  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osman_Gazi_Yağmurdereli?action=edit&redlink=1) (Osman Gazi Yağmurdereli (page does not exist)) Yağmurdereli  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamza_Yanılmaz?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hamza Yanılmaz (page does not exist)) Yanılmaz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhsin_Yazıcıoğlu) (Muhsin Yazıcıoğlu) Yazıcıoğlu      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_23rd_Parliament_of_Turkey) (Category:Members of the 23rd Parliament of Turkey) Category:Members of the 23rd Parliament of Turkey       (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1364279517)    (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Members_of_the_24th_Turkish_Parliament) (Template:Members of the 24th Turkish Parliament) (View this template) v   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Members_of_the_24th_Turkish_Parliament) (Template talk:Members of the 24th Turkish Parliament) (Discuss this template) t   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Members_of_the_24th_Turkish_Parliament) 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(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdurrahim_Akdağ?action=edit&redlink=1) (Abdurrahim Akdağ (page does not exist)) Akdağ  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yalçın_Akdoğan) (Yalçın Akdoğan) Akdoğan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mevlüt_Akgün?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mevlüt Akgün (page does not exist)) Akgün  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hüseyin_Cemal_Akın) (Hüseyin Cemal Akın) Akın  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Akış?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mustafa Akış (page does not exist)) Akış  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahya_Akman?action=edit&redlink=1) (Yahya Akman (page does not exist)) Akman  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhyettin_Aksak?action=edit&redlink=1) (Muhyettin Aksak (page does not exist)) Aksak  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soner_Aksoy?action=edit&redlink=1) (Soner Aksoy (page does not exist)) Aksoy  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdülkadir_Aksu) (Abdülkadir Aksu) Aksu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Akyürek?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Akyürek (page does not exist)) Akyürek  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Rıza_Alaboyun) (Ali Rıza Alaboyun) Alaboyun  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Şuay_Alpay?action=edit&redlink=1) (Şuay Alpay (page does not exist)) Alpay  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Altay?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Altay (page does not exist)) Altay  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bülent_Arınç) (Bülent Arınç) Arınç  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fevai_Arslan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Fevai Arslan (page does not exist)) Arslan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Arslan_(politician)) (Ahmet Arslan (politician)) Arslan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzaffer_Aslan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Muzaffer Aslan (page does not exist)) Aslan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeyid_Aslan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Zeyid Aslan (page does not exist)) Aslan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Aşlık?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ali Aşlık (page does not exist)) Aşlık  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orhan_Atalay?action=edit&redlink=1) (Orhan Atalay (page does not exist)) Atalay  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beşir_Atalay) (Beşir Atalay) Atalay  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Ataş?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mustafa Ataş (page does not exist)) Ataş  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nabi_Avcı) (Nabi Avcı) Avcı  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Şükrü_Ayalan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Şükrü Ayalan (page does not exist)) Ayalan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uğur_Aydemir?action=edit&redlink=1) (Uğur Aydemir (page does not exist)) Aydemir  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Aydın) (Ahmet Aydın) Aydın  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İsmail_Aydın?action=edit&redlink=1) (İsmail Aydın (page does not exist)) Aydın  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemalettin_Aydın?action=edit&redlink=1) (Kemalettin Aydın (page does not exist)) Aydın  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Aydınlıoğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ali Aydınlıoğlu (page does not exist)) Aydınlıoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeki_Aygün?action=edit&redlink=1) (Zeki Aygün (page does not exist)) Aygün  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Babacan) (Ali Babacan) Babacan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Özlem_Babadağ?action=edit&redlink=1) (Özlem Babadağ (page does not exist)) Babadağ  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tülay_Babuşcu) (Tülay Babuşcu) Babuşcu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadık_Badak?action=edit&redlink=1) (Sadık Badak (page does not exist)) Badak  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cahit_Bağcı?action=edit&redlink=1) (Cahit Bağcı (page does not exist)) Bağcı  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egemen_Bağış) (Egemen Bağış) Bağış  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayşe_Nur_Bahçekapılı) (Ayşe Nur Bahçekapılı) Bahçekapılı  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osman_Aşkın_Bak) (Osman Aşkın Bak) Bak  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derya_Bakbak?action=edit&redlink=1) (Derya Bakbak (page does not exist)) Bakbak  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tülay_Bakır?action=edit&redlink=1) (Tülay Bakır (page does not exist)) Bakır  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sermin_Balık?action=edit&redlink=1) (Sermin Balık (page does not exist)) Balık  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Baloğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mustafa Baloğlu (page does not exist)) Baloğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nimet_Baş) (Nimet Baş) Baş  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yusuf_Başer) (Yusuf Başer) Başer  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzaffer_Baştopçu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Muzaffer Baştopçu (page does not exist)) Baştopçu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevda_Bayazıt_Kaçar?action=edit&redlink=1) (Sevda Bayazıt Kaçar (page does not exist)) Bayazıt Kaçar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nusret_Bayraktar?action=edit&redlink=1) (Nusret Bayraktar (page does not exist)) Bayraktar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erdoğan_Bayraktar) (Erdoğan Bayraktar) Bayraktar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gönül_Bekin_Şahkulubey?action=edit&redlink=1) (Gönül Bekin Şahkulubey (page does not exist)) Bekin Şahkulubey  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recai_Berber?action=edit&redlink=1) (Recai Berber (page does not exist)) Berber  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Süreyya_Sadi_Bilgiç) (Süreyya Sadi Bilgiç) Bilgiç  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilmi_Bilgin?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hilmi Bilgin (page does not exist)) Bilgin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Bilici?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mustafa Bilici (page does not exist)) Bilici  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aydın_Bıyıklıoğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Aydın Bıyıklıoğlu (page does not exist)) Bıyıklıoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Boğa) (Ali Boğa) Boğa  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Naci_Bostancı) (Mehmet Naci Bostancı) Bostancı  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osman_Boyraz?action=edit&redlink=1) (Osman Boyraz (page does not exist)) Boyraz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bekir_Bozdağ) (Bekir Bozdağ) Bozdağ  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkan_Bozkır) (Volkan Bozkır) Bozkır  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebi_Bozkurt?action=edit&redlink=1) (Nebi Bozkurt (page does not exist)) Bozkurt  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hüseyin_Bürge?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hüseyin Bürge (page does not exist)) Bürge  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Zafer_Çağlayan) (Mehmet Zafer Çağlayan) Çağlayan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzaffer_Çakar?action=edit&redlink=1) (Muzaffer Çakar (page does not exist)) Çakar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osman_Çakır_(politician)?action=edit&redlink=1) (Osman Çakır (politician) (page does not exist)) Çakır  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Öznur_Çalık?action=edit&redlink=1) (Öznur Çalık (page does not exist)) Çalık  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_Çalışkan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Abdullah Çalışkan (page does not exist)) Çalışkan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ülker_Can?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ülker Can (page does not exist)) Can  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramazan_Can?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ramazan Can (page does not exist)) Can  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ercan_Candan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ercan Candan (page does not exist)) Candan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canan_Candemir_Çelik?action=edit&redlink=1) (Canan Candemir Çelik (page does not exist)) Candemir Çelik  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurettin_Canikli) (Nurettin Canikli) Canikli  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mevlüt_Çavuşoğlu) (Mevlüt Çavuşoğlu) Çavuşoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakan_Çavuşoğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hakan Çavuşoğlu (page does not exist)) Çavuşoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekrem_Çelebi) (Ekrem Çelebi) Çelebi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ömer_Çelik) (Ömer Çelik) Çelik  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hüseyin_Çelik) (Hüseyin Çelik) Çelik  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_Ali_Çelik?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hasan Ali Çelik (page does not exist)) Çelik  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faruk_Çelik) (Faruk Çelik) Çelik  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Necati_Çetinkaya?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Necati Çetinkaya (page does not exist)) Çetinkaya  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cemil_Çiçek) (Cemil Çiçek) Çiçek  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatih_Çiftci?action=edit&redlink=1) (Fatih Çiftci (page does not exist)) Çiftci  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Berat_Çonkar) (Ahmet Berat Çonkar) Çonkar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temel_Coşkun?action=edit&redlink=1) (Temel Coşkun (page does not exist)) Coşkun  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamza_Dağ?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hamza Dağ (page does not exist)) Dağ  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fazilet_Dağcı_Çığlık?action=edit&redlink=1) (Fazilet Dağcı Çığlık (page does not exist)) Dağcı Çığlık  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Türkan_Dağoğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Türkan Dağoğlu (page does not exist)) Dağoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Salih_Dal?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ahmet Salih Dal (page does not exist)) Dal  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurcan_Dalbudak?action=edit&redlink=1) (Nurcan Dalbudak (page does not exist)) Dalbudak  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gülay_Dalyan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Gülay Dalyan (page does not exist)) Dalyan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Daniş?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Daniş (page does not exist)) Daniş  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Davutoğlu) (Ahmet Davutoğlu) Davutoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alev_Dedegil?action=edit&redlink=1) (Alev Dedegil (page does not exist)) Dedegil  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cemal_Yılmaz_Demir?action=edit&redlink=1) (Cemal Yılmaz Demir (page does not exist)) Demir  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Demir) (Mustafa Demir) Demir  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zülfü_Demirbağ?action=edit&redlink=1) (Zülfü Demirbağ (page does not exist)) Demirbağ  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afif_Demirkıran?action=edit&redlink=1) (Afif Demirkıran (page does not exist)) Demirkıran  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedat_Demiröz) (Vedat Demiröz) Demiröz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reha_Denemeç) (Reha Denemeç) Denemeç  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İlknur_Denizli?action=edit&redlink=1) (İlknur Denizli (page does not exist)) Denizli  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ömer_Dinçer) (Ömer Dinçer) Dinçer  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Emin_Dindar?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Emin Dindar (page does not exist)) Dindar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Şaban_Dişli) (Şaban Dişli) Dişli  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Domaç?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Domaç (page does not exist)) Domaç  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Mehdi_Eker) (Mehmet Mehdi Eker) Eker  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Elitaş) (Mustafa Elitaş) Elitaş  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lütfi_Elvan) (Lütfi Elvan) Elvan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Galip_Ensarioğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Galip Ensarioğlu (page does not exist)) Ensarioğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Ercoşkun?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ali Ercoşkun (page does not exist)) Ercoşkun  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Erdem_(politician)?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Erdem (politician) (page does not exist)) Erdem  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekrem_Erdem?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ekrem Erdem (page does not exist)) Erdem  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avni_Erdemir?action=edit&redlink=1) (Avni Erdemir (page does not exist)) Erdemir  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Şükrü_Erdinç) (Mehmet Şükrü Erdinç) Erdinç  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Erdoğan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Erdoğan (page does not exist)) Erdoğan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Erdoğan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Erdoğan (page does not exist)) Erdoğan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cevdet_Erdöl?action=edit&redlink=1) (Cevdet Erdöl (page does not exist)) Erdöl  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadullah_Ergin) (Sadullah Ergin) Ergin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihat_Ergün) (Nihat Ergün) Ergün  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tülin_Erkal_Kara?action=edit&redlink=1) (Tülin Erkal Kara (page does not exist)) Erkal Kara  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veysel_Eroğlu) (Veysel Eroğlu) Eroğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gürsoy_Erol?action=edit&redlink=1) (Gürsoy Erol (page does not exist)) Erol  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oya_Eronat?action=edit&redlink=1) (Oya Eronat (page does not exist)) Eronat  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Ersoy) (Mehmet Ersoy) Ersoy  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Haldun_Ertürk?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ahmet Haldun Ertürk (page does not exist)) Ertürk  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seyit_Eyyüpoğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Seyit Eyyüpoğlu (page does not exist)) Eyyüpoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Erdal_Feralan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ahmet Erdal Feralan (page does not exist)) Feralan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hüseyin_Filiz?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hüseyin Filiz (page does not exist)) Filiz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmut_Mücahit_Fındıklı?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mahmut Mücahit Fındıklı (page does not exist)) Fındıklı  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salih_Fırat) (Salih Fırat) Fırat  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bülent_Gedikli?action=edit&redlink=1) (Bülent Gedikli (page does not exist)) Gedikli  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Geldi?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Geldi (page does not exist)) Geldi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebubekir_Gizligider?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ebubekir Gizligider (page does not exist)) Gizligider  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdulkerim_Gök?action=edit&redlink=1) (Abdulkerim Gök (page does not exist)) Gök  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murat_Göktürk?action=edit&redlink=1) (Murat Göktürk (page does not exist)) Göktürk  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Vecdi_Gönül) (Mehmet Vecdi Gönül) Gönül  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azize_Sibel_Gönül?action=edit&redlink=1) (Azize Sibel Gönül (page does not exist)) Gönül  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muammer_Güler) (Muammer Güler) Güler  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İdris_Güllüce) (İdris Güllüce) Güllüce  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Kasım_Gülpınar?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Kasım Gülpınar (page does not exist)) Gülpınar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Gökhan_Gülşen?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mustafa Gökhan Gülşen (page does not exist)) Gülşen  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelin_Gündeş_Bakır) (Pelin Gündeş Bakır) Gündeş Bakır  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İsmail_Güneş?action=edit&redlink=1) (İsmail Güneş (page does not exist)) Güneş  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatoş_Gürkan) (Fatoş Gürkan) Gürkan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Şenol_Gürşan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Şenol Gürşan (page does not exist)) Gürşan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sıtkı_Güvenç) (Sıtkı Güvenç) Güvenç  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ülker_Güzel?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ülker Güzel (page does not exist)) Güzel  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Hamarat) (Mustafa Hamarat) Hamarat  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Süleyman_Hamzaoğulları?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Süleyman Hamzaoğulları (page does not exist)) Hamzaoğulları  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuma_İçten?action=edit&redlink=1) (Cuma İçten (page does not exist)) İçten  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halide_İncekara?action=edit&redlink=1) (Halide İncekara (page does not exist)) İncekara  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İlknur_İnceöz?action=edit&redlink=1) (İlknur İnceöz (page does not exist)) İnceöz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haluk_İpek?action=edit&redlink=1) (Haluk İpek (page does not exist)) İpek  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fikri_Işık) (Fikri Işık) Işık  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faruk_Işık?action=edit&redlink=1) (Faruk Işık (page does not exist)) Işık  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayşenur_İslam) (Ayşenur İslam) İslam  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emrullah_İşler) (Emrullah İşler) İşler  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_İyimaya?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ahmet İyimaya (page does not exist)) İyimaya  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Kabakcı?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mustafa Kabakcı (page does not exist)) Kabakcı  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmut_Kaçar?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mahmut Kaçar (page does not exist)) Kaçar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ünal_Kacır?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ünal Kacır (page does not exist)) Kacır  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osman_Kahveci?action=edit&redlink=1) (Osman Kahveci (page does not exist)) Kahveci  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salih_Kapusuz?action=edit&redlink=1) (Salih Kapusuz (page does not exist)) Kapusuz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harun_Karaca?action=edit&redlink=1) (Harun Karaca (page does not exist)) Karaca  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebahattin_Karakelle?action=edit&redlink=1) (Sebahattin Karakelle (page does not exist)) Karakelle  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuat_Karakuş?action=edit&redlink=1) (Fuat Karakuş (page does not exist)) Karakuş  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_Karal) (Hasan Karal) Karal  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orhan_Karasayar?action=edit&redlink=1) (Orhan Karasayar (page does not exist)) Karasayar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaşar_Karayel?action=edit&redlink=1) (Yaşar Karayel (page does not exist)) Karayel  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İsmail_Kaşdemir?action=edit&redlink=1) (İsmail Kaşdemir (page does not exist)) Kaşdemir  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durdu_Mehmet_Kastal?action=edit&redlink=1) (Durdu Mehmet Kastal (page does not exist)) Kastal  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpaslan_Kavaklıoğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Alpaslan Kavaklıoğlu (page does not exist)) Kavaklıoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vural_Kavuncu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Vural Kavuncu (page does not exist)) Kavuncu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erol_Kaya?action=edit&redlink=1) (Erol Kaya (page does not exist)) Kaya  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burhan_Kayatürk?action=edit&redlink=1) (Burhan Kayatürk (page does not exist)) Kayatürk  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tülay_Kaynarca?action=edit&redlink=1) (Tülay Kaynarca (page does not exist)) Kaynarca  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zelkif_Kazdal?action=edit&redlink=1) (Zelkif Kazdal (page does not exist)) Kazdal  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vahit_Kiler?action=edit&redlink=1) (Vahit Kiler (page does not exist)) Kiler  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_Fehmi_Kinay?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hasan Fehmi Kinay (page does not exist)) Kinay  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yunus_Kılıç?action=edit&redlink=1) (Yunus Kılıç (page does not exist)) Kılıç  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akif_Çağatay_Kılıç) (Akif Çağatay Kılıç) Kılıç  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suat_Kılıç) (Suat Kılıç) Kılıç  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Gültekin_Kılınç?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ali Gültekin Kılınç (page does not exist)) Kılınç  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İsrafil_Kışla?action=edit&redlink=1) (İsrafil Kışla (page does not exist)) Kışla  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feyzullah_Kıyıklık?action=edit&redlink=1) (Feyzullah Kıyıklık (page does not exist)) Kıyıklık  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salih_Koca?action=edit&redlink=1) (Salih Koca (page does not exist)) Koca  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_Nejat_Koçer?action=edit&redlink=1) (Abdullah Nejat Koçer (page does not exist)) Koçer  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oğuz_Kağan_Köksal?action=edit&redlink=1) (Oğuz Kağan Köksal (page does not exist)) Köksal  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İbrahim_Korkmaz?action=edit&redlink=1) (İbrahim Korkmaz (page does not exist)) Korkmaz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakkı_Köylü?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hakkı Köylü (page does not exist)) Köylü  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Doğan_Kubat?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Doğan Kubat (page does not exist)) Kubat  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Küçükaydın?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ali Küçükaydın (page does not exist)) Küçükaydın  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metin_Külünk) (Metin Külünk) Külünk  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fehmi_Küpçü?action=edit&redlink=1) (Fehmi Küpçü (page does not exist)) Küpçü  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burhan_Kuzu) (Burhan Kuzu) Kuzu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mine_Lök_Beyaz?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mine Lök Beyaz (page does not exist)) Lök Beyaz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammet_Bilal_Macit?action=edit&redlink=1) (Muhammet Bilal Macit (page does not exist)) Macit  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Önder_Matlı?action=edit&redlink=1) (Önder Matlı (page does not exist)) Matlı  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İbrahim_Halil_Mazıcıoğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (İbrahim Halil Mazıcıoğlu (page does not exist)) Mazıcıoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesude_Nursuna_Memecan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mesude Nursuna Memecan (page does not exist)) Memecan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Metiner) (Mehmet Metiner) Metiner  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Müezzinoğlu) (Mehmet Müezzinoğlu) Müezzinoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Muş) (Mehmet Muş) Muş  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nureddin_Nebati) (Nureddin Nebati) Nebati  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Baha_Öğütken?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ahmet Baha Öğütken (page does not exist)) Öğütken  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Çiğdem_Münevver_Ökten?action=edit&redlink=1) (Çiğdem Münevver Ökten (page does not exist)) Ökten  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Ali_Okur?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Ali Okur (page does not exist)) Okur  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suat_Önal?action=edit&redlink=1) (Suat Önal (page does not exist)) Önal  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdulkadir_Emin_Önen) (Abdulkadir Emin Önen) Önen  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Öntürk?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Öntürk (page does not exist)) Öntürk  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osman_Ören?action=edit&redlink=1) (Osman Ören (page does not exist)) Ören  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gülşen_Orhan) (Gülşen Orhan) Orhan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiha_Öyüş?action=edit&redlink=1) (Semiha Öyüş (page does not exist)) Öyüş  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ömer_Faruk_Öz?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ömer Faruk Öz (page does not exist)) Öz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faruk_Nafız_Özak) (Faruk Nafız Özak) Özak  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bünyamin_Özbek?action=edit&redlink=1) (Bünyamin Özbek (page does not exist)) Özbek  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halil_Özcan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Halil Özcan (page does not exist)) Özcan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayram_Özçelik?action=edit&redlink=1) (Bayram Özçelik (page does not exist)) Özçelik  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selçuk_Özdağ?action=edit&redlink=1) (Selçuk Özdağ (page does not exist)) Özdağ  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziver_Özdemir?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ziver Özdemir (page does not exist)) Özdemir  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yüksel_Özden?action=edit&redlink=1) (Yüksel Özden (page does not exist)) Özden  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gökcen_Özdoğan_Enç?action=edit&redlink=1) (Gökcen Özdoğan Enç (page does not exist)) Özdoğan Enç  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Özel?action=edit&redlink=1) (Recep Özel (page does not exist)) Özel  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerim_Özkul?action=edit&redlink=1) (Kerim Özkul (page does not exist)) Özkul  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Cemal_Öztaylan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Cemal Öztaylan (page does not exist)) Öztaylan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Öztürk_(politician,_born_1965)?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mustafa Öztürk (politician, born 1965) (page does not exist)) Öztürk  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevzat_Pakdil?action=edit&redlink=1) (Nevzat Pakdil (page does not exist)) Pakdil  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrettin_Poyraz?action=edit&redlink=1) (Fahrettin Poyraz (page does not exist)) Poyraz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yıldırım_Mehmet_Ramazanoğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Yıldırım Mehmet Ramazanoğlu (page does not exist)) Ramazanoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İsmail_Safi?action=edit&redlink=1) (İsmail Safi (page does not exist)) Safi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Sağlam?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Sağlam (page does not exist)) Sağlam  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatih_Şahin) (Fatih Şahin) Şahin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hüseyin_Şahin?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hüseyin Şahin (page does not exist)) Şahin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İdris_Şahin) (İdris Şahin) Şahin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Şahin_(politician,_born_1970)) (Ali Şahin (politician, born 1970)) Şahin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Ali_Şahin) (Mehmet Ali Şahin) Şahin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Şahin) (Mustafa Şahin) Şahin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rıfat_Sait?action=edit&redlink=1) (Rıfat Sait (page does not exist)) Sait  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatma_Salman?action=edit&redlink=1) (Fatma Salman (page does not exist)) Salman  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gülay_Samancı?action=edit&redlink=1) (Gülay Samancı (page does not exist)) Samancı  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hüseyin_Samani?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hüseyin Samani (page does not exist)) Samani  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurdan_Şanlı?action=edit&redlink=1) (Nurdan Şanlı (page does not exist)) Şanlı  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oktay_Saral?action=edit&redlink=1) (Oktay Saral (page does not exist)) Saral  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Sarı_(Gaziantepli)?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Sarı (Gaziantepli) (page does not exist)) Sarı  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mihrimah_Belma_Satır?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mihrimah Belma Satır (page does not exist)) Satır  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevim_Savaşer?action=edit&redlink=1) (Sevim Savaşer (page does not exist)) Savaşer  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İlyas_Şeker?action=edit&redlink=1) (İlyas Şeker (page does not exist)) Şeker  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tülay_Selamoğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Tülay Selamoğlu (page does not exist)) Selamoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ömer_Selvi?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ömer Selvi (page does not exist)) Selvi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İhsan_Şener?action=edit&redlink=1) (İhsan Şener (page does not exist)) Şener  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aydın_Şengül?action=edit&redlink=1) (Aydın Şengül (page does not exist)) Şengül  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Şentop) (Mustafa Şentop) Şentop  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faruk_Septioğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Faruk Septioğlu (page does not exist)) Septioğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Şerbetçioğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mustafa Kemal Şerbetçioğlu (page does not exist)) Şerbetçioğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seyit_Sertçelik?action=edit&redlink=1) (Seyit Sertçelik (page does not exist)) Sertçelik  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safiye_Seymenoğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Safiye Seymenoğlu (page does not exist)) Seymenoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Şimşek) (Mehmet Şimşek) Şimşek  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ertuğrul_Soysal?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ertuğrul Soysal (page does not exist)) Soysal  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İsmet_Su?action=edit&redlink=1) (İsmet Su (page does not exist)) Su  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İsmail_Tamer?action=edit&redlink=1) (İsmail Tamer (page does not exist)) Tamer  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hüseyin_Tanrıverdi?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hüseyin Tanrıverdi (page does not exist)) Tanrıverdi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eşref_Taş?action=edit&redlink=1) (Eşref Taş (page does not exist)) Taş  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adem_Tatlı?action=edit&redlink=1) (Adem Tatlı (page does not exist)) Tatlı  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Şamil_Tayyar) (Şamil Tayyar) Tayyar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Sayım_Tekelioğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Sayım Tekelioğlu (page does not exist)) Tekelioğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Köksal_Toptan) (Köksal Toptan) Toptan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harun_Tüfekci?action=edit&redlink=1) (Harun Tüfekci (page does not exist)) Tüfekci  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yılmaz_Tunç) (Yılmaz Tunç) Tunç  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bülent_Turan) (Bülent Turan) Turan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Turan) (Ali Turan) Turan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayşe_Türkmenoğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ayşe Türkmenoğlu (page does not exist)) Türkmenoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacı_Bayram_Türkoğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hacı Bayram Türkoğlu (page does not exist)) Türkoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilal_Uçar) (Bilal Uçar) Uçar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İsmet_Uçma) (İsmet Uçma) Uçma  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nesrin_Ulema?action=edit&redlink=1) (Nesrin Ulema (page does not exist)) Ulema  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Özcan_Ulupınar?action=edit&redlink=1) (Özcan Ulupınar (page does not exist)) Ulupınar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Şirin_Ünal?action=edit&redlink=1) (Şirin Ünal (page does not exist)) Ünal  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahir_Ünal) (Mahir Ünal) Ünal  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatih_Han_Ünal?action=edit&redlink=1) (Fatih Han Ünal (page does not exist)) Ünal  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necdet_Ünüvar) (Necdet Ünüvar) Ünüvar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halil_Ürün) (Halil Ürün) Ürün  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salim_Uslu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Salim Uslu (page does not exist)) Uslu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeynep_Armağan_Uslu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Zeynep Armağan Uslu (page does not exist)) Uslu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feramuz_Üstün?action=edit&redlink=1) (Feramuz Üstün (page does not exist)) Üstün  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayhan_Sefer_Üstün?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ayhan Sefer Üstün (page does not exist)) Üstün  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hüseyin_Üzülmez?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hüseyin Üzülmez (page does not exist)) Üzülmez  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Tevfik_Uzun?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ahmet Tevfik Uzun (page does not exist)) Uzun  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadık_Yakut) (Sadık Yakut) Yakut  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cengiz_Yavilioğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Cengiz Yavilioğlu (page does not exist)) Yavilioğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_İhsan_Yavuz?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ali İhsan Yavuz (page does not exist)) Yavuz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayati_Yazıcı) (Hayati Yazıcı) Yazıcı  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Yeni?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ahmet Yeni (page does not exist)) Yeni  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İlhan_Yerlikaya?action=edit&redlink=1) (İlhan Yerlikaya (page does not exist)) Yerlikaya  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adem_Yeşildal?action=edit&redlink=1) (Adem Yeşildal (page does not exist)) Yeşildal  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammed_Murtaza_Yetiş?action=edit&redlink=1) (Muhammed Murtaza Yetiş (page does not exist)) Yetiş  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İbrahim_Yiğit?action=edit&redlink=1) (İbrahim Yiğit (page does not exist)) Yiğit  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedrettin_Yıldırım?action=edit&redlink=1) (Bedrettin Yıldırım (page does not exist)) Yıldırım  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murat_Yıldırım_(politician)?action=edit&redlink=1) (Murat Yıldırım (politician) (page does not exist)) Yıldırım  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binali_Yıldırım) (Binali Yıldırım) Yıldırım  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Kerim_Yıldız?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Kerim Yıldız (page does not exist)) Yıldız  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taner_Yıldız) (Taner Yıldız) Yıldız  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cevdet_Yılmaz) (Cevdet Yılmaz) Yılmaz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adnan_Yılmaz) (Adnan Yılmaz) Yılmaz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İsmet_Yılmaz) (İsmet Yılmaz) Yılmaz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Yüksel_(politician)?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Yüksel (politician) (page does not exist)) Yüksel  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilek_Yüksel?action=edit&redlink=1) (Dilek Yüksel (page does not exist)) Yüksel  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzaffer_Yurttaş?action=edit&redlink=1) (Muzaffer Yurttaş (page does not exist)) Yurttaş  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nihat_Zeybekci) (Nihat Zeybekci) Zeybekci  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cem_Zorlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Cem Zorlu (page does not exist)) Zorlu     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_Turkish_Parliament_(Türkiye_Büyük_Millet_Meclisi).svg)       (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_People's_Party) (Republican People's Party) Republican People's Party  (CHP – 125) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gürkut_Acar?action=edit&redlink=1) (Gürkut Acar (page does not exist)) Acar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veli_Ağbaba) (Veli Ağbaba) Ağbaba  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilek_Akagün?action=edit&redlink=1) (Dilek Akagün (page does not exist)) Akagün  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haydar_Akar) (Haydar Akar) Akar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_Akgöl?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hasan Akgöl (page does not exist)) Akgöl  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabahat_Akkiray?action=edit&redlink=1) (Sabahat Akkiray (page does not exist)) Akkiray  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayşe_Nedret_Akova?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ayşe Nedret Akova (page does not exist)) Akova  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erdal_Aksünger?action=edit&redlink=1) (Erdal Aksünger (page does not exist)) Aksünger  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ömer_Süha_Aldan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ömer Süha Aldan (page does not exist)) Aldan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engin_Altay) (Engin Altay) Altay  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aytuğ_Atıcı?action=edit&redlink=1) (Aytuğ Atıcı (page does not exist)) Atıcı  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Süleyman_Sencer_Ayata?action=edit&redlink=1) (Süleyman Sencer Ayata (page does not exist)) Ayata  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aydın_Ağan_Ayaydın?action=edit&redlink=1) (Aydın Ağan Ayaydın (page does not exist)) Ayaydın  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osman_Aydın?action=edit&redlink=1) (Osman Aydın (page does not exist)) Aydın  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinan_Aydın_Aygün?action=edit&redlink=1) (Sinan Aydın Aygün (page does not exist)) Aygün  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hüseyin_Aygün) (Hüseyin Aygün) Aygün  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Ali_Balbay?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mustafa Ali Balbay (page does not exist)) Balbay  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metin_Lütfi_Baydar) (Metin Lütfi Baydar) Baydar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deniz_Baykal) (Deniz Baykal) Baykal  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uğur_Bayraktutan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Uğur Bayraktutan (page does not exist)) Bayraktutan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayşe_Gülsün_Bilgehan) (Ayşe Gülsün Bilgehan) Bilgehan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arif_Bulut?action=edit&redlink=1) (Arif Bulut (page does not exist)) Bulut  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musa_Çam?action=edit&redlink=1) (Musa Çam (page does not exist)) Çam  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Volkan_Canalioğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Volkan Canalioğlu (page does not exist)) Canalioğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolga_Çandar?action=edit&redlink=1) (Tolga Çandar (page does not exist)) Çandar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Süleyman_Çelebi_(politician)?action=edit&redlink=1) (Süleyman Çelebi (politician) (page does not exist)) Çelebi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İzzet_Çetin?action=edit&redlink=1) (İzzet Çetin (page does not exist)) Çetin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İlhan_Cihaner) (İlhan Cihaner) Cihaner  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aytun_Çıray) (Aytun Çıray) Çıray  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayşe_Eser_Danışoğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ayşe Eser Danışoğlu (page does not exist)) Danışoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemal_Değirmendereli?action=edit&redlink=1) (Kemal Değirmendereli (page does not exist)) Değirmendereli  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurettin_Demir?action=edit&redlink=1) (Nurettin Demir (page does not exist)) Demir  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Demirçalı?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ali Demirçalı (page does not exist)) Demirçalı  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İlhan_Demiröz?action=edit&redlink=1) (İlhan Demiröz (page does not exist)) Demiröz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turgay_Develi?action=edit&redlink=1) (Turgay Develi (page does not exist)) Develi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turgut_Dibek?action=edit&redlink=1) (Turgut Dibek (page does not exist)) Dibek  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celal_Dinçer?action=edit&redlink=1) (Celal Dinçer (page does not exist)) Dinçer  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mevlüt_Dudu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mevlüt Dudu (page does not exist)) Dudu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orhan_Düzgün?action=edit&redlink=1) (Orhan Düzgün (page does not exist)) Düzgün  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Ali_Ediboğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Ali Ediboğlu (page does not exist)) Ediboğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemal_Ekinci?action=edit&redlink=1) (Kemal Ekinci (page does not exist)) Ekinci  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osman_Oktay_Ekşi) (Osman Oktay Ekşi) Ekşi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aykan_Erdemir) (Aykan Erdemir) Erdemir  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aykut_Erdoğdu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Aykut Erdoğdu (page does not exist)) Erdoğdu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refik_Eryılmaz?action=edit&redlink=1) (Refik Eryılmaz (page does not exist)) Eryılmaz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haluk_Eyidoğan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Haluk Eyidoğan (page does not exist)) Eyidoğan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamer_Genç) (Kamer Genç) Genç  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levent_Gök) (Levent Gök) Gök  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İsa_Gök?action=edit&redlink=1) (İsa Gök (page does not exist)) Gök  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haluk_Ahmet_Gümüş?action=edit&redlink=1) (Haluk Ahmet Gümüş (page does not exist)) Gümüş  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gökhan_Günaydın?action=edit&redlink=1) (Gökhan Günaydın (page does not exist)) Günaydın  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurşit_Güneş) (Hurşit Güneş) Güneş  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hülya_Güven?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hülya Güven (page does not exist)) Güven  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Haberal) (Mehmet Haberal) Haberal  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Akif_Hamzaçebi) (Mehmet Akif Hamzaçebi) Hamzaçebi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namık_Havutça?action=edit&redlink=1) (Namık Havutça (page does not exist)) Havutça  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muharrem_İnce) (Muharrem İnce) İnce  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muharrem_Işık?action=edit&redlink=1) (Muharrem Işık (page does not exist)) Işık  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sena_Kaleli?action=edit&redlink=1) (Sena Kaleli (page does not exist)) Kaleli  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_İhsan_Kalkavan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ahmet İhsan Kalkavan (page does not exist)) Kalkavan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Hilal_Kaplan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Hilal Kaplan (page does not exist)) Kaplan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osman_Kaptan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Osman Kaptan (page does not exist)) Kaptan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selahattin_Karaahmetoğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Selahattin Karaahmetoğlu (page does not exist)) Karaahmetoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atilla_Kart?action=edit&redlink=1) (Atilla Kart (page does not exist)) Kart  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adnan_Keskin) (Adnan Keskin) Keskin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemal_Kılıçdaroğlu) (Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu) Kılıçdaroğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Haluk_Koç) (Ahmet Haluk Koç) Koç  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_İhsan_Köktürk?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ali İhsan Köktürk (page does not exist)) Köktürk  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emre_Köprülü) (Emre Köprülü) Köprülü  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osman_Taney_Korutürk?action=edit&redlink=1) (Osman Taney Korutürk (page does not exist)) Korutürk  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tufan_Köse?action=edit&redlink=1) (Tufan Köse (page does not exist)) Köse  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedef_Küçük?action=edit&redlink=1) (Sedef Küçük (page does not exist)) Küçük  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Şevki_Kulkuloğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Şevki Kulkuloğlu (page does not exist)) Kulkuloğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bülent_Kuşoğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Bülent Kuşoğlu (page does not exist)) Kuşoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osman_Faruk_Loğoğlu) (Osman Faruk Loğoğlu) Loğoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Moroğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mustafa Moroğlu (page does not exist)) Moroğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Şükran_Güldal_Mumcu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Şükran Güldal Mumcu (page does not exist)) Mumcu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aylin_Nazlıaka) (Aylin Nazlıaka) Nazlıaka  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ensar_Öğüt?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ensar Öğüt (page does not exist)) Öğüt  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadir_Gökmen_Öğüt?action=edit&redlink=1) (Kadir Gökmen Öğüt (page does not exist)) Öğüt  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Haydar_Öner?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ali Haydar Öner (page does not exist)) Öner  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melda_Onur?action=edit&redlink=1) (Melda Onur (page does not exist)) Onur  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umut_Oran) (Umut Oran) Oran  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_Ören?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hasan Ören (page does not exist)) Ören  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oğuz_Oyan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Oğuz Oyan (page does not exist)) Oyan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sakine_Öz?action=edit&redlink=1) (Sakine Öz (page does not exist)) Öz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durdu_Özbolat?action=edit&redlink=1) (Durdu Özbolat (page does not exist)) Özbolat  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanju_Özcan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Tanju Özcan (page does not exist)) Özcan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malik_Ecder_Özdemir?action=edit&redlink=1) (Malik Ecder Özdemir (page does not exist)) Özdemir  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Özgür_Özel) (Özgür Özel) Özel  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ümit_Özgümüş?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ümit Özgümüş (page does not exist)) Özgümüş  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Özgündüz?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ali Özgündüz (page does not exist)) Özgündüz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramazan_Kerim_Özkan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ramazan Kerim Özkan (page does not exist)) Özkan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İhsan_Özkes) (İhsan Özkes) Özkes  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engin_Özkoç?action=edit&redlink=1) (Engin Özkoç (page does not exist)) Özkoç  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faik_Öztrak_(politician,_born_1954)) (Faik Öztrak (politician, born 1954)) Öztrak  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Rıza_Öztürk?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ali Rıza Öztürk (page does not exist)) Öztürk  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Şafak_Pavey) (Şafak Pavey) Pavey  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doğan_Şafak?action=edit&redlink=1) (Doğan Şafak (page does not exist)) Şafak  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yıldıray_Sapan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Yıldıray Sapan (page does not exist)) Sapan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Müslim_Sarı?action=edit&redlink=1) (Müslim Sarı (page does not exist)) Sarı  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Sarıbaş?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ali Sarıbaş (page does not exist)) Sarıbaş  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vahap_Seçer?action=edit&redlink=1) (Vahap Seçer (page does not exist)) Seçer  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Şeker?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Şeker (page does not exist)) Şeker  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Serindağ?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ali Serindağ (page does not exist)) Serindağ  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatma_Nur_Serter) (Fatma Nur Serter) Serter  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Serdar_Soydan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mustafa Serdar Soydan (page does not exist)) Soydan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Ali_Susam?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Ali Susam (page does not exist)) Susam  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bihlun_Tamaylıgil) (Bihlun Tamaylıgil) Tamaylıgil  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmut_Tanal) (Mahmut Tanal) Tanal  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Sezgin_Tanrıkulu) (Mustafa Sezgin Tanrıkulu) Tanrıkulu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turhan_Tayan) (Turhan Tayan) Tayan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gürsel_Tekin) (Gürsel Tekin) Tekin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bülent_Tezcan) (Bülent Tezcan) Tezcan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramis_Topal?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ramis Topal (page does not exist)) Topal  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binnaz_Toprak?action=edit&redlink=1) (Binnaz Toprak (page does not exist)) Toprak  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erdoğan_Toprak) (Erdoğan Toprak) Toprak  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Toptaş) (Ahmet Toptaş) Toptaş  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faik_Tunay?action=edit&redlink=1) (Faik Tunay (page does not exist)) Tunay  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rahmi_Aşkın_Türeli?action=edit&redlink=1) (Rahmi Aşkın Türeli (page does not exist)) Türeli  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rıza_Mahmut_Türmen?action=edit&redlink=1) (Rıza Mahmut Türmen (page does not exist)) Türmen  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammet_Rıza_Yalçınkaya?action=edit&redlink=1) (Muhammet Rıza Yalçınkaya (page does not exist)) Yalçınkaya  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İdris_Yıldız?action=edit&redlink=1) (İdris Yıldız (page does not exist)) Yıldız  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candan_Yüceer) (Candan Yüceer) Yüceer  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaattin_Yüksel?action=edit&redlink=1) (Alaattin Yüksel (page does not exist)) Yüksel      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationalist_Movement_Party) (Nationalist Movement Party) Nationalist  Movement Party  (MHP – 52) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celal_Adan) (Celal Adan) Adan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erkan_Akçay?action=edit&redlink=1) (Erkan Akçay (page does not exist)) Akçay  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meral_Akşener) (Meral Akşener) Akşener  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engin_Alan) (Engin Alan) Alan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koray_Aydın) (Koray Aydın) Aydın  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emin_Haluk_Ayhan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Emin Haluk Ayhan (page does not exist)) Ayhan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devlet_Bahçeli) (Devlet Bahçeli) Bahçeli  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faruk_Bal?action=edit&redlink=1) (Faruk Bal (page does not exist)) Bal  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murat_Başesgioğlu) (Murat Başesgioğlu) Başesgioğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bülent_Belen?action=edit&redlink=1) (Bülent Belen (page does not exist)) Belen  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Duran_Bulut?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ahmet Duran Bulut (page does not exist)) Bulut  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İsmet_Büyükataman?action=edit&redlink=1) (İsmet Büyükataman (page does not exist)) Büyükataman  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adnan_Şefik_Çirkin?action=edit&redlink=1) (Adnan Şefik Çirkin (page does not exist)) Çirkin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emin_Çınar?action=edit&redlink=1) (Emin Çınar (page does not exist)) Çınar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesut_Dedeoğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mesut Dedeoğlu (page does not exist)) Dedeoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruhsar_Demirel?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ruhsar Demirel (page does not exist)) Demirel  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reşat_Doğru?action=edit&redlink=1) (Reşat Doğru (page does not exist)) Doğru  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadir_Durmaz?action=edit&redlink=1) (Sadir Durmaz (page does not exist)) Durmaz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Erdem?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mustafa Erdem (page does not exist)) Erdem  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enver_Erdem?action=edit&redlink=1) (Enver Erdem (page does not exist)) Erdem  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Erdoğan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Erdoğan (page does not exist)) Erdoğan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Günal) (Mehmet Günal) Günal  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yusuf_Halaçoğlu) (Yusuf Halaçoğlu) Halaçoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Halaman?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ali Halaman (page does not exist)) Halaman  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yusuf_Ziya_İrbeç?action=edit&redlink=1) (Yusuf Ziya İrbeç (page does not exist)) İrbeç  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alim_Işık?action=edit&redlink=1) (Alim Işık (page does not exist)) Işık  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Kalaycı?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mustafa Kalaycı (page does not exist)) Kalaycı  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atila_Kaya?action=edit&redlink=1) (Atila Kaya (page does not exist)) Kaya  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Süleyman_Nevzat_Korkmaz?action=edit&redlink=1) (Süleyman Nevzat Korkmaz (page does not exist)) Korkmaz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Münir_Kutluata?action=edit&redlink=1) (Münir Kutluata (page does not exist)) Kutluata  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinan_Oğan) (Sinan Oğan) Oğan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sümer_Oral) (Sümer Oral) Oral  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Öz?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ali Öz (page does not exist)) Öz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necati_Özensoy?action=edit&redlink=1) (Necati Özensoy (page does not exist)) Özensoy  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oktay_Öztürk?action=edit&redlink=1) (Oktay Öztürk (page does not exist)) Öztürk  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Şandır) (Mehmet Şandır) Şandır  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahattin_Şeker?action=edit&redlink=1) (Bahattin Şeker (page does not exist)) Şeker  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cemalettin_Şimşek?action=edit&redlink=1) (Cemalettin Şimşek (page does not exist)) Şimşek  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Kenan_Tanrıkulu) (Ahmet Kenan Tanrıkulu) Tanrıkulu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zühal_Topcu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Zühal Topcu (page does not exist)) Topcu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durmuşali_Torlak?action=edit&redlink=1) (Durmuşali Torlak (page does not exist)) Torlak  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunca_Toskay?action=edit&redlink=1) (Tunca Toskay (page does not exist)) Toskay  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yıldırım_Tuğrul_Türkeş) (Yıldırım Tuğrul Türkeş) Türkeş  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lütfü_Türkkan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Lütfü Türkkan (page does not exist)) Türkkan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_Hüseyin_Türkoğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hasan Hüseyin Türkoğlu (page does not exist)) Türkoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Uzunırmak?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ali Uzunırmak (page does not exist)) Uzunırmak  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muharrem_Varlı) (Muharrem Varlı) Varlı  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oktay_Vural) (Oktay Vural) Vural  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edip_Semih_Yalçın?action=edit&redlink=1) (Edip Semih Yalçın (page does not exist)) Yalçın  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Özcan_Yeniçeri) (Özcan Yeniçeri) Yeniçeri  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seyfettin_Yılmaz) (Seyfettin Yılmaz) Yılmaz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemalettin_Yılmaz?action=edit&redlink=1) (Kemalettin Yılmaz (page does not exist)) Yılmaz      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peoples'_Democratic_Party_(Turkey)) (Peoples' Democratic Party (Turkey)) Peoples' Democratic Party  (HDP – 29) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayla_Akat_Ata) (Ayla Akat Ata) Akat Ata  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halil_Aksoy?action=edit&redlink=1) (Halil Aksoy (page does not exist)) Aksoy  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemal_Aktaş?action=edit&redlink=1) (Kemal Aktaş (page does not exist)) Aktaş  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nursel_Aydoğan) (Nursel Aydoğan) Aydoğan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İbrahim_Ayhan) (İbrahim Ayhan) Ayhan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İdris_Baluken) (İdris Baluken) Baluken  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İbrahim_Binici?action=edit&redlink=1) (İbrahim Binici (page does not exist)) Binici  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mülkiye_Birtane?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mülkiye Birtane (page does not exist)) Birtane  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pervin_Buldan) (Pervin Buldan) Buldan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esat_Canan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Esat Canan (page does not exist)) Canan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demir_Çelik?action=edit&redlink=1) (Demir Çelik (page does not exist)) Çelik  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selahattin_Demirtaş) (Selahattin Demirtaş) Demirtaş  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erol_Dora) (Erol Dora) Dora  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazmi_Gür?action=edit&redlink=1) (Nazmi Gür (page does not exist)) Gür  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selma_Irmak) (Selma Irmak) Irmak  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasip_Kaplan) (Hasip Kaplan) Kaplan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ertuğrul_Kürkcü) (Ertuğrul Kürkcü) Kürkcü  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sırrı_Süreyya_Önder) (Sırrı Süreyya Önder) Önder  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faysal_Sarıyıldız) (Faysal Sarıyıldız) Sarıyıldız  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altan_Tan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Altan Tan (page does not exist)) Tan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aysel_Tuğluk) (Aysel Tuğluk) Tuğluk  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebahat_Tuncel) (Sebahat Tuncel) Tuncel  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_Levent_Tüzel) (Abdullah Levent Tüzel) Tüzel  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Özdal_Üçer?action=edit&redlink=1) (Özdal Üçer (page does not exist)) Üçer  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gülser_Yıldırım) (Gülser Yıldırım) Yıldırım  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengi_Yıldız) (Bengi Yıldız) Yıldız  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leyla_Zana) (Leyla Zana) Zana  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hüsamettin_Zenderlioğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hüsamettin Zenderlioğlu (page does not exist)) Zenderlioğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adil_Zozani?action=edit&redlink=1) (Adil Zozani (page does not exist)) Zozani      Others (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birgül_Ayman_Güler) (Birgül Ayman Güler) Ayman Güler (Independent) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İdris_Bal) (İdris Bal) Bal (Independent) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İhsan_Barutçu?action=edit&redlink=1) (İhsan Barutçu (page does not exist)) Barutçu (Independent) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedii_Süheyl_Batum?action=edit&redlink=1) (Bedii Süheyl Batum (page does not exist)) Batum (Independent) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammed_Çetin?action=edit&redlink=1) (Muhammed Çetin (page does not exist)) Çetin (Independent) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ertuğrul_Günay) (Ertuğrul Günay) Günay (Independent) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İlhan_İşbilen) (İlhan İşbilen) İşbilen (Independent) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erdal_Kalkan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Erdal Kalkan (page does not exist)) Kalkan (Independent) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Öksüzkaya?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ahmet Öksüzkaya (page does not exist)) Öksüzkaya (Independent) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazmi_Haluk_Özdalga?action=edit&redlink=1) (Nazmi Haluk Özdalga (page does not exist)) Özdalga (Independent) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakan_Şükür) (Hakan Şükür) Şükür (Independent) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Kutalmış_Türkeş?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ahmet Kutalmış Türkeş (page does not exist)) Türkeş (Independent) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan_Hami_Yıldırım?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hasan Hami Yıldırım (page does not exist)) Yıldırım (Independent) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emine_Ülker_Tarhan) (Emine Ülker Tarhan) Tarhan ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatolia_Party) (Anatolia Party) AnaParti ) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emine_Ayna) (Emine Ayna) Ayna ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Regions_Party) (Democratic Regions Party) DBP ) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Emrehan_Halıcı?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Emrehan Halıcı (page does not exist)) Halıcı ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_Democracy_Party) (Electronic Democracy Party) e-Party ) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ercan_Cengiz?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ercan Cengiz (page does not exist)) Cengiz ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_Party_(Turkey)) (Centre Party (Turkey)) MEP ) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İdris_Naim_Şahin) (İdris Naim Şahin) Şahin ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nation_and_Justice_Party) (Nation and Justice Party) MİLAD )     Membership ended prematurely (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferit_Mevlüt_Aslanoğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ferit Mevlüt Aslanoğlu (page does not exist)) Aslanoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murat_Bozlak) (Murat Bozlak) Bozlak  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harun_Çakır?action=edit&redlink=1) (Harun Çakır (page does not exist)) Çakır  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Şerafettin_Elçi) (Şerafettin Elçi) Elçi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan) Erdoğan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Gürkan) (Recep Gürkan) Gürkan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Siyam_Kesimoğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Siyam Kesimoğlu (page does not exist)) Kesimoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gültan_Kışanak) (Gültan Kışanak) Kışanak  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazım_Kurt?action=edit&redlink=1) (Kazım Kurt (page does not exist)) Kurt  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sırrı_Sakık) (Sırrı Sakık) Sakık  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatma_Şahin) (Fatma Şahin) Şahin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menderes_Türel) (Menderes Türel) Türel  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Türk) (Ahmet Türk) Türk  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Edip_Uğur) (Ahmet Edip Uğur) Uğur  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enver_Yılmaz) (Enver Yılmaz) Yılmaz      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Members_of_the_24th_Parliament_of_Turkey) (Category:Members of the 24th Parliament of Turkey) Category:Members of the 24th Parliament of Turkey       (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1364279517)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488)    (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Mayors_of_Istanbul) (Template:Mayors of Istanbul) (View this template) v   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Mayors_of_Istanbul) (Template talk:Mayors of Istanbul) (Discuss this template) t   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mayors_of_Istanbul) (Special:EditPage/Template:Mayors of Istanbul) (Edit this template) e     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayor_of_Istanbul) (Mayor of Istanbul) Mayors of Istanbul    Province governors (1924– 1960)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haydar_Yuluğ?action=edit&redlink=1) (Haydar Yuluğ (page does not exist)) Haydar Yuluğ  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emin_Erkul) (Emin Erkul) Emin Erkul  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhittin_Üstündağ?action=edit&redlink=1) (Muhittin Üstündağ (page does not exist)) Muhittin Üstündağ  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lütfi_Kırdar) (Lütfi Kırdar) Lütfi Kırdar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahrettin_Kerim_Gökay) (Fahrettin Kerim Gökay) Fahrettin Kerim Gökay  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemal_Hadımlı?action=edit&redlink=1) (Kemal Hadımlı (page does not exist)) Kemal Hadımlı  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mümtaz_Tarhan) (Mümtaz Tarhan) Mümtaz Tarhan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethem_Yetkiner?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ethem Yetkiner (page does not exist)) Ethem Yetkiner  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemal_Aygün?action=edit&redlink=1) (Kemal Aygün (page does not exist)) Kemal Aygün      Military-appointed (1960– 1963)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refik_Tulga?action=edit&redlink=1) (Refik Tulga (page does not exist)) Refik Tulga  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Şefik_Erensu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Şefik Erensu (page does not exist)) Şefik Erensu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turan_Ertuğ?action=edit&redlink=1) (Turan Ertuğ (page does not exist)) Turan Ertuğ  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadri_İlkay?action=edit&redlink=1) (Kadri İlkay (page does not exist)) Kadri İlkay  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamuran_Görgün?action=edit&redlink=1) (Kamuran Görgün (page does not exist)) Kamuran Görgün  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niyazi_Akı?action=edit&redlink=1) (Niyazi Akı (page does not exist)) Niyazi Akı  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necdet_Uğur) (Necdet Uğur) Necdet Uğur      Elected (1963– 1980)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haşim_İşcan) (Haşim İşcan) Haşim İşcan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faruk_Ilgaz) (Faruk Ilgaz) Faruk Ilgaz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fahri_Atabey?action=edit&redlink=1) (Fahri Atabey (page does not exist)) Fahri Atabey  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_İsvan) (Ahmet İsvan) Ahmet İsvan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aytekin_Kotil) (Aytekin Kotil) Aytekin Kotil      Military-appointed (1980– 1984)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakkı_Akansel) (Hakkı Akansel) Hakkı Akansel  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecmel_Kutay) (Ecmel Kutay) Ecmel Kutay  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_Tırtıl?action=edit&redlink=1) (Abdullah Tırtıl (page does not exist)) Abdullah Tırtıl      Greater Istanbul (1984 to date)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedrettin_Dalan) (Bedrettin Dalan) Bedrettin Dalan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nurettin_Sözen) (Nurettin Sözen) Nurettin Sözen  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan) Recep Tayyip Erdoğan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Müfit_Gürtuna) (Ali Müfit Gürtuna) Ali Müfit Gürtuna  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadir_Topbaş) (Kadir Topbaş) Kadir Topbaş  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mevlüt_Uysal) (Mevlüt Uysal) Mevlüt Uysal  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekrem_İmamoğlu) (Ekrem İmamoğlu) Ekrem İmamoğlu      Acting mayors (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemal_Hadımlı?action=edit&redlink=1) (Kemal Hadımlı (page does not exist)) Kemal Hadımlı  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turan_Ertuğ?action=edit&redlink=1) (Turan Ertuğ (page does not exist)) Turan Ertuğ  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadri_İlkay?action=edit&redlink=1) (Kadri İlkay (page does not exist)) Kadri İlkay  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niyazi_Akı?action=edit&redlink=1) (Niyazi Akı (page does not exist)) Niyazi Akı  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faruk_Ilgaz) (Faruk Ilgaz) Faruk Ilgaz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Yerlikaya) (Ali Yerlikaya) Ali Yerlikaya  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuri_Aslan) (Nuri Aslan) Nuri Aslan         (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1364279517)    (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict) (Template:Nagorno-Karabakh conflict) (View this template) v   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict) (Template talk:Nagorno-Karabakh conflict) (Discuss this template) t   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict) (Special:EditPage/Template:Nagorno-Karabakh conflict) (Edit this template) e     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict) (Nagorno-Karabakh conflict) Nagorno-Karabakh conflict    Background (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh) (Nagorno-Karabakh) Nagorno-Karabakh (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Nagorno-Karabakh) (History of Nagorno-Karabakh) History    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian–Azerbaijani_war_(1918–1920)) (Armenian–Azerbaijani war (1918–1920)) Armenian–Azerbaijani war (1918–1920)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deportation_of_Azerbaijanis_from_Armenia) (Deportation of Azerbaijanis from Armenia) Deportation of Azerbaijanis from Armenia  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union) (Dissolution of the Soviet Union) Dissolution of the Soviet Union (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wars_in_the_Caucasus) (Wars in the Caucasus) Wars in the Caucasus    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karabakh_movement) (Karabakh movement) Karabakh movement (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miatsum) (Miatsum) Miatsum    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenians_in_Azerbaijan) (Armenians in Azerbaijan) Armenians in Azerbaijan (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenians_in_Baku) (Armenians in Baku) Armenians in Baku    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Armenia) (Azerbaijanis in Armenia) Azerbaijanis in Armenia  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Armenian_sentiment_in_Azerbaijan) (Anti-Armenian sentiment in Azerbaijan) Anti-Armenian sentiment in Azerbaijan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenia–Azerbaijan_relations) (Armenia–Azerbaijan relations) Armenia–Azerbaijan relations  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish–Azeri_blockade_of_Armenia) (Turkish–Azeri blockade of Armenia) Turkish–Azeri blockade of Armenia      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Nagorno-Karabakh_War) (First Nagorno-Karabakh War) First war (1988–1994) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Çardaqlı,_Shamkir#Deportation_of_the_Armenian_population) (Çardaqlı, Shamkir) Çardaqlı clash  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Askeran_clash) (Askeran clash) Askeran clash  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumgait_pogrom) (Sumgait pogrom) Sumgait pogrom  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gugark_pogrom) (Gugark pogrom) Gugark pogrom  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zvartnots_Airport_clash) (Zvartnots Airport clash) Zvartnots Airport clash  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1988_violence_in_Shusha_and_Stepanakert) (1988 violence in Shusha and Stepanakert) Shusha and Stepanakert pogroms  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirovabad_pogrom) (Kirovabad pogrom) Kirovabad pogrom  Il-76 crash near Leninakan (1988) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baku_pogrom) (Baku pogrom) Baku pogrom  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bağanıs_Ayrım) (Bağanıs Ayrım) Bağanıs Ayrım  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1990_Tbilisi–Agdam_bus_bombing) (1990 Tbilisi–Agdam bus bombing) 1990 Tbilisi–Agdam bus bombing  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Ring) (Operation Ring) Operation Ring  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Ring#Second_operation) (Operation Ring) Voskepar massacre  Battle of Togh (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_Azerbaijani_Mil_Mi-8_shootdown) (1991 Azerbaijani Mil Mi-8 shootdown) 1991 Azerbaijani Mil Mi-8 shootdown  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_on_Abolishment_of_Nagorno-Karabakh_Autonomous_Oblast) (Law on Abolishment of Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast) Law on Abolishment of Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Stepanakert) (Siege of Stepanakert) Siege of Stepanakert  Operation Dashalty (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992_Azerbaijani_Mil_Mi-8_shootdown) (1992 Azerbaijani Mil Mi-8 shootdown) 1992 Azerbaijani Mil Mi-8 shootdown  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capture_of_Gushchular_and_Malibeyli) (Capture of Gushchular and Malibeyli) Capture of Gushchular and Malibeyli  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capture_of_Garadaghly) (Capture of Garadaghly) Capture of Garadaghly  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khojaly_massacre) (Khojaly massacre) Khojaly massacre  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maraga_massacre) (Maraga massacre) Maraga massacre  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Shusha_(1992)) (Battle of Shusha (1992)) Capture of Shusha  Capture of Artsvashen (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Goranboy) (Operation Goranboy) Operation Goranboy  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mardakert_and_Martuni_Offensives) (Mardakert and Martuni Offensives) Mardakert and Martuni Offensives  Operation Həsənqaya (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Lachin) (Battle of Lachin) Battle of Lachin  Operation Qazançı (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993_Azerbaijani_coup_d'état) (1993 Azerbaijani coup d'état) 1993 Azerbaijani coup d'état  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Kalbajar) (Battle of Kalbajar) Battle of Kalbajar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Aghdam) (Battle of Aghdam) Battle of Aghdam  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993_Summer_Offensives) (1993 Summer Offensives) 1993 Summer Offensives  Operation Geghamasar (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Horadiz) (Operation Horadiz) Operation Horadiz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Kalbajar) (Operation Kalbajar) Operation Kalbajar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terter_operation) (Terter operation) Terter operation  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_Baku_Metro_bombings) (1994 Baku Metro bombings) 1994 Baku Metro bombings  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_Iranian_Air_Force_C-130_shootdown) (1994 Iranian Air Force C-130 shootdown) 1994 Iranian Air Force C-130 shootdown  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994_Bagratashen_bombing) (1994 Bagratashen bombing) 1994 Bagratashen bombing  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refugees_in_Azerbaijan) (Refugees in Azerbaijan) Refugees in Azerbaijan      Interwar clashes (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Mardakert_clashes) (2008 Mardakert clashes) 2008 Mardakert clashes  January 2009 Agdam military incident September 2009 Agdam military incident (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Nagorno-Karabakh_clashes) (2010 Nagorno-Karabakh clashes) 2010 Nagorno-Karabakh clashes  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_Mardakert_clashes) (2010 Mardakert clashes) 2010 Mardakert clashes  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Armenian–Azerbaijani_border_clashes) (2012 Armenian–Azerbaijani border clashes) 2012 Armenian–Azerbaijani border clashes  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Armenian–Azerbaijani_clashes) (2014 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes) 2014 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Armenian_Mil_Mi-24_shootdown) (2014 Armenian Mil Mi-24 shootdown) 2014 Armenian Mil Mi-24 shootdown  2016 Odundağ clashes (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict) (2016 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict) 2016 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict  2017 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_shelling_of_Alxanlı) (2017 shelling of Alxanlı) Shelling of Alxanlı    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Armenian–Azerbaijani_clashes) (2018 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes) 2018 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes  2019 clash near Chinari (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/July_2020_Armenian–Azerbaijani_clashes) (July 2020 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes) July 2020 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incidents_during_the_July_2020_Armenian–Azerbaijani_clashes) (Incidents during the July 2020 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes) Incidents  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Azerbaijani_protests) (2020 Azerbaijani protests) Protests in Azerbaijan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_July_2020_Armenian–Azerbaijani_clashes) (International reactions to the July 2020 Armenian–Azerbaijani clashes) Reactions        (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War) (Second Nagorno-Karabakh War) Second war (2020) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War) (Timeline of the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War) Timeline  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casualties_of_the_Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War) (Casualties of the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War) Casualties  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War) (International reactions to the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War) International reactions  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegations_of_third-party_involvement_in_the_Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War) (Allegations of third-party involvement in the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War) Allegations of third-party involvement  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagiz_offensive) (Madagiz offensive) Madagiz offensive  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aras_Valley_campaign) (Aras Valley campaign) Aras Valley campaign  Bombardments ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Barda_missile_attacks) (2020 Barda missile attacks) Barda , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Ganja_missile_attacks) (2020 Ganja missile attacks) Ganja , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Ghazanchetsots_Cathedral_shelling) (2020 Ghazanchetsots Cathedral shelling) Ghazanchetsots Cathedral , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_bombardment_of_Martuni) (2020 bombardment of Martuni) Martuni , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_bombardment_of_Stepanakert) (2020 bombardment of Stepanakert) Stepanakert , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombardment_of_Tartar) (Bombardment of Tartar) Tartar ) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Hadrut) (Battle of Hadrut) Battle of Hadrut  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lachin_offensive) (Lachin offensive) Lachin offensive  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Shusha_(2020)) (Battle of Shusha (2020)) Battle of Shusha  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Russian_Mil_Mi-24_shootdown) (2020 Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown) Russian Mil Mi-24 shootdown  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_crimes_in_the_Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War) (War crimes in the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War) War crimes (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian_prisoners_of_the_Second_Nagorno-Karabakh_War) (Armenian prisoners of the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War) Treatment of Armenian POWs        Post-ceasefire events (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020–2021_Armenian_protests) (2020–2021 Armenian protests) 2020–2021 Armenian protests  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peacekeeping_operations_in_Nagorno-Karabakh#2020) (Peacekeeping operations in Nagorno-Karabakh) Chaylaggala and Hin Tagher  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenia–Azerbaijan_border_crisis_(2021–present)) (Armenia–Azerbaijan border crisis (2021–present)) Border crisis (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_2022_Armenia–Azerbaijan_clashes) (September 2022 Armenia–Azerbaijan clashes) September 2022 escalation    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susuzluq_explosion) (Susuzluq explosion) Susuzluq  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peacekeeping_operations_in_Nagorno-Karabakh#2021) (Peacekeeping operations in Nagorno-Karabakh) Shusha  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farukh#History) (Farukh) Farukh  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Armenian_protests) (2022 Armenian protests) 2022 Armenian protests  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blockade_of_Nagorno-Karabakh) (Blockade of Nagorno-Karabakh) Blockade of Nagorno-Karabakh  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Azerbaijani_offensive_in_Nagorno-Karabakh) (2023 Azerbaijani offensive in Nagorno-Karabakh) 2023 Azerbaijani offensive (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Armenian_protests) (2023 Armenian protests) Protests in Armenia  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expulsion_of_Nagorno-Karabakh_Armenians) (Expulsion of Nagorno-Karabakh Armenians) Expulsion of Nagorno-Karabakh Armenians  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkadzor_fuel_depot_explosion) (Berkadzor fuel depot explosion) Berkadzor fuel depot explosion  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detention_of_Artsakh's_military_and_political_leaders?action=edit&redlink=1) (Detention of Artsakh's military and political leaders (page does not exist)) Detention of Artsakh's leadership        Peace process (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baker_rules) (Baker rules) Baker rules  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishkek_Protocol) (Bishkek Protocol) Bishkek Protocol  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehran_Communiqué) (Tehran Communiqué) Tehran Communiqué  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zheleznovodsk_Communiqué) (Zheleznovodsk Communiqué) Zheleznovodsk Communiqué  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSCE_Minsk_Group) (OSCE Minsk Group) OSCE Minsk Group  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prague_Process_(Armenian–Azerbaijani_negotiations)) (Prague Process (Armenian–Azerbaijani negotiations)) Prague Process  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrid_Principles) (Madrid Principles) Madrid Principles  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Nagorno-Karabakh_ceasefire_agreement) (2020 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement) 2020 ceasefire agreement  2020–2024 monitoring and peacekeeping (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peacekeeping_operations_in_Nagorno-Karabakh) (Peacekeeping operations in Nagorno-Karabakh) Russia  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSCE_Needs_Assessment_Team_in_Armenia) (OSCE Needs Assessment Team in Armenia) OSCE  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EU) (EU) EU (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union_Monitoring_Capacity_to_Armenia) (European Union Monitoring Capacity to Armenia) EUMCAP Oct–Dec 2022  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EU_Planning_Assistance_Team_in_Armenia) (EU Planning Assistance Team in Armenia) EUPAT Dec 2022–Jan 2023  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union_Mission_in_Armenia) (European Union Mission in Armenia) EUMA Feb 2023–present      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Nagorno-Karabakh_ceasefire_agreement) (2023 Nagorno-Karabakh ceasefire agreement) 2023 ceasefire agreement  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenia–Azerbaijan_peace_agreement) (Armenia–Azerbaijan peace agreement) 2025 peace agreement (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trump_Route_for_International_Peace_and_Prosperity) (Trump Route for International Peace and Prosperity) Trump Route for International Peace and Prosperity        Main locations (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_the_Republic_of_Artsakh) (Administrative divisions of the Republic of Artsakh) Administrative divisions of the Republic of Artsakh (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stepanakert_in_the_Republic_of_Artsakh) (Stepanakert in the Republic of Artsakh) Stepanakert  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Askeran_Province) (Askeran Province) Askeran Province  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadrut_Province) (Hadrut Province) Hadrut Province  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashatagh_Province) (Kashatagh Province) Kashatagh Province  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martakert_Province) (Martakert Province) Martakert Province  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martuni_Province) (Martuni Province) Martuni Province  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahumyan_Province) (Shahumyan Province) Shahumyan Province  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shushi_Province) (Shushi Province) Shushi Province    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenian-occupied_territories_surrounding_Nagorno-Karabakh) (Armenian-occupied territories surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh) Armenian-occupied territories (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aghdam_District) (Aghdam District) Aghdam District  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuzuli_District) (Fuzuli District) Fuzuli District  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabrayil_District) (Jabrayil District) Jabrayil District  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalbajar_District) (Kalbajar District) Kalbajar District  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lachin_District) (Lachin District) Lachin District (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lachin_corridor) (Lachin corridor) Lachin corridor    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qubadli_District) (Qubadli District) Qubadli District  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zangilan_District) (Zangilan District) Zangilan District    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijani-occupied_territories_of_Armenia) (Azerbaijani-occupied territories of Armenia) Azerbaijani-occupied territories of Armenia      Political leaders ()     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenia) (Armenia) Armenia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levon_Ter-Petrosyan) (Levon Ter-Petrosyan) Levon Ter-Petrosyan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Kocharyan) (Robert Kocharyan) Robert Kocharyan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serzh_Sargsyan) (Serzh Sargsyan) Serzh Sargsyan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikol_Pashinyan) (Nikol Pashinyan) Nikol Pashinyan     ()     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Artsakh) (Republic of Artsakh) Republic of Artsakh (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artur_Mkrtchyan) (Artur Mkrtchyan) Artur Mkrtchyan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Kocharyan) (Robert Kocharyan) Robert Kocharyan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_Petrosyan) (Leonard Petrosyan) Leonard Petrosyan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkadi_Ghukasyan) (Arkadi Ghukasyan) Arkadi Ghukasyan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bako_Sahakyan) (Bako Sahakyan) Bako Sahakyan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arayik_Harutyunyan) (Arayik Harutyunyan) Arayik Harutyunyan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samvel_Shahramanyan) (Samvel Shahramanyan) Samvel Shahramanyan     ()     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijan) (Azerbaijan) Azerbaijan (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayaz_Mutallibov) (Ayaz Mutallibov) Ayaz Mutallibov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abulfaz_Elchibey) (Abulfaz Elchibey) Abulfaz Elchibey  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heydar_Aliyev) (Heydar Aliyev) Heydar Aliyev  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilham_Aliyev) (Ilham Aliyev) Ilham Aliyev    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijani_Community_of_Nagorno-Karabakh) (Azerbaijani Community of Nagorno-Karabakh) Azerbaijani Community of Nagorno-Karabakh (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayram_Safarov) (Bayram Safarov) Bayram Safarov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nizami_Bahmanov) (Nizami Bahmanov) Nizami Bahmanov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tural_Ganjaliyev) (Tural Ganjaliyev) Tural Ganjaliyev     ()     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia) (Russia) Russia ()     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev) (Mikhail Gorbachev) Mikhail Gorbachev  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Yeltsin) (Boris Yeltsin) Boris Yeltsin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin) Vladimir Putin     ()     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey) (Turkey) Turkey (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turgut_Özal) (Turgut Özal) Turgut Özal  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan) Recep Tayyip Erdoğan     ()     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States) (United States) United States (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump) (Donald Trump) Donald Trump        Military leaders ()     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenia) (Armenia) Armenia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vazgen_Sargsyan) (Vazgen Sargsyan) Vazgen Sargsyan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurgen_Dalibaltayan) (Gurgen Dalibaltayan) Gurgen Dalibaltayan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norat_Ter-Grigoryants) (Norat Ter-Grigoryants) Norat Ter-Grigoryants  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jirair_Sefilian) (Jirair Sefilian) Jirair Sefilian  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiran_Khachatryan) (Tiran Khachatryan) Tiran Khachatryan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seyran_Ohanyan) (Seyran Ohanyan) Seyran Ohanyan     ()     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Artsakh) (Republic of Artsakh) Republic of Artsakh (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samvel_Babayan) (Samvel Babayan) Samvel Babayan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristapor_Ivanyan) (Kristapor Ivanyan) Kristapor Ivanyan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkady_Ter-Tadevosyan) (Arkady Ter-Tadevosyan) Arkady Ter-Tadevosyan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte_Melkonian) (Monte Melkonian) Monte Melkonian  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalal_Harutyunyan) (Jalal Harutyunyan) Jalal Harutyunyan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikael_Arzumanyan) (Mikael Arzumanyan) Mikael Arzumanyan     ()     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijan) (Azerbaijan) Azerbaijan (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isgandar_Hamidov) (Isgandar Hamidov) Isgandar Hamidov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rahim_Gaziyev) (Rahim Gaziyev) Rahim Gaziyev  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surat_Huseynov) (Surat Huseynov) Surat Huseynov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valeh_Barshadly) (Valeh Barshadly) Valeh Barshadly  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mais_Barkhudarov) (Mais Barkhudarov) Mais Barkhudarov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hikmat_Mirzayev) (Hikmat Mirzayev) Hikmat Mirzayev  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hikmat_Hasanov) (Hikmat Hasanov) Hikmat Hasanov     ()     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia) (Russia) Russia ()     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Polyanichko) (Viktor Polyanichko) Viktor Polyanichko  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavel_Grachev) (Pavel Grachev) Pavel Grachev  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rustam_Muradov) (Rustam Muradov) Rustam Muradov     ()     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chechen_Republic_of_Ichkeria) (Chechen Republic of Ichkeria) Chechen Republic of Ichkeria (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamil_Basayev) (Shamil Basayev) Shamil Basayev     ()     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan) (Afghanistan) Afghanistan (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulbuddin_Hekmatyar) (Gulbuddin Hekmatyar) Gulbuddin Hekmatyar        International documents (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrakhan_Declaration) (Astrakhan Declaration) Astrakhan Declaration  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh_Declaration) (Nagorno-Karabakh Declaration) Nagorno-Karabakh Declaration  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO_Lisbon_Summit_Declaration) (NATO Lisbon Summit Declaration) NATO Lisbon Summit Declaration  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OIC_Resolution_10/11) (OIC Resolution 10/11) OIC Resolution 10/11  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OIC_Council_of_Foreign_Ministers_Resolution_10/37) (OIC Council of Foreign Ministers Resolution 10/37) OIC Resolution 10/37  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Europe_Parliamentary_Assembly_Resolution_1416_(2005)) (Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly Resolution 1416 (2005)) PACE Resolution 1416  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Europe_Parliamentary_Assembly_Resolution_2085_(2016)) (Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly Resolution 2085 (2016)) PACE Resolution 2085  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_48/114) (United Nations General Assembly Resolution 48/114) UNGA Resolution 48/114  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_60/285) (United Nations General Assembly Resolution 60/285) UNGA Resolution 60/285  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_62/243) (United Nations General Assembly Resolution 62/243) UNGA Resolution 62/243  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_Nations_Security_Council_resolutions_on_the_Nagorno-Karabakh_conflict) (List of United Nations Security Council resolutions on the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict) UNSC resolutions (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_822) (United Nations Security Council Resolution 822) 822  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_853) (United Nations Security Council Resolution 853) 853  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_874) (United Nations Security Council Resolution 874) 874  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_884) (United Nations Security Council Resolution 884) 884           (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1364279517)    (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Party_leaders_in_Turkey) (Template:Party leaders in Turkey) (View this template) v   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Party_leaders_in_Turkey) (Template talk:Party leaders in Turkey) (Discuss this template) t   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Party_leaders_in_Turkey) (Special:EditPage/Template:Party leaders in Turkey) (Edit this template) e     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_party_leaders_in_Turkey) (List of party leaders in Turkey) Party leaders in Turkey    Before 1960 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talaat_Pasha) (Talaat Pasha) Talaat Pasha  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Kemal_Atatürk) (Mustafa Kemal Atatürk) Mustafa Kemal Atatürk  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kâzım_Karabekir) (Kâzım Karabekir) Kâzım Karabekir  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fethi_Okyar) (Fethi Okyar) Fethi Okyar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İsmet_İnönü) (İsmet İnönü) İsmet İnönü  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuri_Demirağ) (Nuri Demirağ) Nuri Demirağ  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celâl_Bayar) (Celâl Bayar) Celâl Bayar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hikmet_Bayur) (Hikmet Bayur) Hikmet Bayur  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adnan_Menderes) (Adnan Menderes) Adnan Menderes  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osman_Bölükbaşı) (Osman Bölükbaşı) Osman Bölükbaşı  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekrem_Hayri_Üstündağ?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ekrem Hayri Üstündağ (page does not exist)) Ekrem Hayri Üstündağ  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fevzi_Lütfi_Karaosmanoğlu) (Fevzi Lütfi Karaosmanoğlu) Fevzi Lütfi Karaosmanoğlu      1960–80 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekrem_Alican) (Ekrem Alican) Ekrem Alican  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragıp_Gümüşpala) (Ragıp Gümüşpala) Ragıp Gümüşpala  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Oğuz_(politician)?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ahmet Oğuz (politician) (page does not exist)) Ahmet Oğuz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Ali_Aybar) (Mehmet Ali Aybar) Mehmet Ali Aybar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Süleyman_Demirel) (Süleyman Demirel) Süleyman Demirel  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alparslan_Türkeş) (Alparslan Türkeş) Alparslan Türkeş  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turhan_Feyzioğlu) (Turhan Feyzioğlu) Turhan Feyzioğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hüseyin_Balan?action=edit&redlink=1) (Hüseyin Balan (page does not exist)) Hüseyin Balan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Timisi) (Mustafa Timisi) Mustafa Timisi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferruh_Bozbeyli) (Ferruh Bozbeyli) Ferruh Bozbeyli  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behice_Boran) (Behice Boran) Behice Boran  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necmettin_Erbakan) (Necmettin Erbakan) Necmettin Erbakan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bülent_Ecevit) (Bülent Ecevit) Bülent Ecevit  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemal_Satır) (Kemal Satır) Kemal Satır      1980–present (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turgut_Sunalp?action=edit&redlink=1) (Turgut Sunalp (page does not exist)) Turgut Sunalp  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turgut_Özal) (Turgut Özal) Turgut Özal  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necdet_Calp) (Necdet Calp) Necdet Calp  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erdal_İnönü) (Erdal İnönü) Erdal İnönü  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Nusret_Tuna?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ahmet Nusret Tuna (page does not exist)) Ahmet Nusret Tuna  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cezmi_Kartay) (Cezmi Kartay) Cezmi Kartay  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yıldırım_Avcı?action=edit&redlink=1) (Yıldırım Avcı (page does not exist)) Yıldırım Avcı  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Tekdal?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ahmet Tekdal (page does not exist)) Ahmet Tekdal  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hüsamettin_Cindoruk) (Hüsamettin Cindoruk) Hüsamettin Cindoruk  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aydın_Güven_Gürkan) (Aydın Güven Gürkan) Aydın Güven Gürkan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ülkü_Söylemezoğlu?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ülkü Söylemezoğlu (page does not exist)) Ülkü Söylemezoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rahşan_Ecevit) (Rahşan Ecevit) Rahşan Ecevit  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehmet_Yazar?action=edit&redlink=1) (Mehmet Yazar (page does not exist)) Mehmet Yazar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necdet_Karababa) (Necdet Karababa) Necdet Karababa  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yıldırım_Akbulut) (Yıldırım Akbulut) Yıldırım Akbulut  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesut_Yılmaz) (Mesut Yılmaz) Mesut Yılmaz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doğu_Perinçek) (Doğu Perinçek) Doğu Perinçek  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tansu_Çiller) (Tansu Çiller) Tansu Çiller  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murat_Karayalçın) (Murat Karayalçın) Murat Karayalçın  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deniz_Baykal) (Deniz Baykal) Deniz Baykal  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hikmet_Çetin) (Hikmet Çetin) Hikmet Çetin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devlet_Bahçeli) (Devlet Bahçeli) Devlet Bahçeli  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recai_Kutan) (Recai Kutan) Recai Kutan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altan_Öymen) (Altan Öymen) Altan Öymen  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Türk) (Ahmet Türk) Ahmet Türk  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan) Recep Tayyip Erdoğan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/İsmail_Cem_İpekçi) (İsmail Cem İpekçi) İsmail Cem İpekçi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeki_Sezer) (Zeki Sezer) Zeki Sezer  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaşar_Nuri_Öztürk) (Yaşar Nuri Öztürk) Yaşar Nuri Öztürk  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masum_Türker) (Masum Türker) Masum Türker  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Süleyman_Soylu) (Süleyman Soylu) Süleyman Soylu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemal_Kılıçdaroğlu) (Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu) Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numan_Kurtulmuş) (Numan Kurtulmuş) Numan Kurtulmuş  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selahattin_Demirtaş) (Selahattin Demirtaş) Selahattin Demirtaş  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmet_Davutoğlu) (Ahmet Davutoğlu) Ahmet Davutoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binali_Yıldırım) (Binali Yıldırım) Binali Yıldırım  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temel_Karamollaoğlu) (Temel Karamollaoğlu) Temel Karamollaoğlu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meral_Akşener) (Meral Akşener) Meral Akşener  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatih_Erbakan) (Fatih Erbakan) Fatih Erbakan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Babacan) (Ali Babacan) Ali Babacan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muharrem_İnce) (Muharrem İnce) Muharrem İnce  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ümit_Özdağ) (Ümit Özdağ) Ümit Özdağ  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Özgür_Özel) (Özgür Özel) Özgür Özel               (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1364279517)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319)    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Authority_control) (Help:Authority control) Authority control databases (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39259#identifiers) (Edit this at Wikidata) (Edit this at Wikidata)       International (https://isni.org/isni/0000000114913183) ISNI   (https://viaf.org/viaf/47819166) VIAF  (https://viaf.org/viaf/17169497172397591158) 2   (https://viaf.org/viaf/8159999710530112328) 3     (https://d-nb.info/gnd/128643161) GND   (https://id.worldcat.org/fast/461852) FAST   (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJtXb4dvhD8xxJtpcJdCwC) WorldCat       National (Erdoğan, Recep Tayyip) (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2001030279) United States    (https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb170704162) France   (https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb170704162) BnF data   (https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/033238056) Japan   (https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=js20070518001&CON_LNG=ENG) Czech Republic   (http://aleph.rsl.ru/F?func=find-b&find_code=SYS&adjacent=Y&local_base=RSL11&request=000192165&CON_LNG=ENG) Russia   (http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p173468527) Netherlands   (https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/13006769) Norway   (https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000261910&P_CON_LNG=ENG) Latvia   (http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000918073) Chile   (https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=320771) Greece   (https://libris.kb.se/1zcgqkqk5d3215t) Sweden   (https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810600065505606) Poland   (https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007295915205171) Israel   (https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058620319206706) Catalonia   (https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/21836360) Belgium   (https://bukinet-mreza.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/authfulldisplay?&context=L&vid=385BUKINET_NETWORK:VU1_UNION&lang=en&docid=981005658698609366) Croatia       Artists (https://musicbrainz.org/artist/890e107c-25d1-4185-a0ca-cd47667da2e2) MusicBrainz       People (https://www.librarything.com/author/erdoganreceptayyip) LibraryThing   (https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/128643161.html?language=en) Deutsche Biographie   (https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/128643161) DDB       Other (https://www.idref.fr/079734529) IdRef   (https://lux.collections.yale.edu/view/person/87b60c8e-cd4a-449a-9352-e35fd5b77ac5) Yale LUX           (./Category:Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan#%20)  (./Category:1954_births)  (./Category:20th-century_mayors_of_places_in_Turkey)  (./Category:21st-century_presidents_of_Turkey)  (./Category:21st-century_prime_ministers_of_Turkey)  (./Category:Chairmen_of_the_Organization_of_Turkic_States)  (./Category:Deniers_of_the_Armenian_genocide)  (./Category:Deputies_of_Istanbul)  (./Category:Deputies_of_Siirt)  (./Category:Erdoğan_family#Recep%20Tayyip)  (./Category:Foreign_recipients_of_the_Nishan-e-Pakistan)  (./Category:Ig_Nobel_laureates)  (./Category:Imam_Hatip_school_alumni)  (./Category:Justice_and_Development_Party_(Turkey)_politicians)  (./Category:Leaders_of_political_parties_in_Turkey)  (./Category:Living_people)  (./Category:Marmara_University_alumni)  (./Category:Mayors_of_Istanbul)  (./Category:Members_of_the_22nd_Parliament_of_Turkey)  (./Category:Members_of_the_23rd_Parliament_of_Turkey)  (./Category:Members_of_the_24th_Parliament_of_Turkey)  (./Category:Naqshbandi_order)  (./Category:People_involved_in_the_2016_Turkish_coup_attempt)  (./Category:People_of_Adjarian_descent)  (./Category:People_of_the_Syrian_civil_war)  (./Category:Politicians_from_Istanbul)  (./Category:Recipients_of_the_Collar_of_Honour)  (./Category:Recipients_of_the_Gagauz-Yeri_Order)  (./Category:Recipients_of_the_Heydar_Aliyev_Order)  (./Category:Recipients_of_the_Order_of_Prince_Yaroslav_the_Wise,_1st_class)  (./Category:Recipients_of_the_Order_of_the_Golden_Fleece_(Georgia))  (./Category:Recipients_of_the_Supreme_Order_of_Turkic_World)  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