Vladimir Putin - Wikipedia (/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.parsoid.styles%7Cext.cite.styles%7Cext.phonos.icons%2Cstyles%7Cext.tmh.player.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediaBadges.ulsV2%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cmediawiki.skinning.content.parsoid%7Cmediawiki.skins.legacy%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022) (/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022) (//upload.wikimedia.org) (/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png) (/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico) (/w/rest.php/v1/search) (Wikipedia (en)) (//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en) (Wikipedia Atom feed) (/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom) (//meta.wikimedia.org)  (auth.wikimedia.org)   Jump to content (Main menu)  Main menu  Main menu move to sidebar hide  Navigation  (/wiki/Main_Page) (Visit the main page [z]) Main page   (/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents) (Guides to browsing Wikipedia) Contents   (/wiki/Portal:Current_events) (Articles related to current events) Current events   (/wiki/Special:Random) (Visit a randomly selected article [x]) Random article   (/wiki/Wikipedia:About) (Learn about Wikipedia and how it works) About Wikipedia   (//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us) (How to contact Wikipedia) Contact us      Contribute  (/wiki/Help:Contents) (Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia) Help   (/wiki/Help:Introduction) (Learn how to edit Wikipedia) Learn to edit   (/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal) (The hub for editors) Community portal   (/wiki/Special:RecentChanges) (A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]) Recent changes   (/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard) (Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia) Upload file   (/wiki/Special:SpecialPages) (A list of all special pages [q]) Special pages           (/wiki/Main_Page) () (Wikipedia) (The Free Encyclopedia)    (/wiki/Special:Search) (Search Wikipedia [f])  Search  (Search Wikipedia) (Search Wikipedia [f])   (Special:Search)  Search           (Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color)  Appearance         (https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en) Donate   (/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Vladimir+Putin) (You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory) Create account   (/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Vladimir+Putin) (You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. 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[o])  Log in                  Contents move to sidebar hide  (Top)   1 Early life and education    Toggle Early life and education subsection  1.1 Education       2 Intelligence career     3 Political career     4 Domestic policies    Toggle Domestic policies subsection  4.1 Economic, industrial, and energy policies     4.2 Environmental policy     4.3 Religious policy     4.4 Military development     4.5 Human rights policy     4.6 The media     4.7 Promoting conservatism     4.8 International sporting events       5 Foreign policy    Toggle Foreign policy subsection  5.1 Asia-Pacific     5.2 China     5.3 Post-Soviet states     5.4 United States, the West, and NATO     5.5 Latin America     5.6 Middle East and Africa       6 Public image    Toggle Public image subsection  6.1 Polls and rankings     6.2 Cult of personality     6.3 Public recognition in the West     6.4 Putinisms       7 Assessments    Toggle Assessments subsection  7.1 After the 2022 invasion of Ukraine       8 Electoral history     9 Personal life    Toggle Personal life subsection  9.1 Family     9.2 Wealth     9.3 Residences   9.3.1 Official government residences     9.3.2 Personal residences       9.4 Pets     9.5 Religion     9.6 Sports     9.7 Health       10 Awards and honours     11 Explanatory notes     12 References    Toggle References subsection  12.1 Sources       13 External links           (Table of Contents)  Toggle the table of contents      Vladimir Putin    234 languages  (https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80-%D0%B8%D4%A5%D0%B0) (Путин, Владимир Владимир-иԥа – Abkhazian) Аԥсшәа   (https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Acehnese) Acèh   (https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD) (Владимир Путин – Adyghe) Адыгабзэ   (featured article) (https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wladimir_Poetin) (Wladimir Poetin – Afrikaans) Afrikaans   (https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wladimir_Wladimirowitsch_Putin) (Wladimir Wladimirowitsch Putin – Alemannic) Alemannisch   (https://alt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87) (Путин, Владимир Владимирович – Southern Altai) Алтай тил   (https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%AD%E1%88%8B%E1%8B%B2%E1%88%9A%E1%88%AD_%E1%8D%91%E1%89%B2%E1%8A%95) (ቭላዲሚር ፑቲን – Amharic) አማርኛ   (https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Amis) Pangcah   (https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Aragonese) Aragonés   (https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Old English) Ænglisc   (https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Obolo) Obolo   (https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86) (فلاديمير بوتين – Arabic) العربية   (https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A4%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86) (ڤلاديمير پوتين – Moroccan Arabic) الدارجة   (https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86) (فلاديمير بوتين – Egyptian Arabic) مصرى   (https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Asturian) Asturianu   (https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80) (Путин, Владимирил Владимир – Avaric) Авар   (https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Azerbaijani) Azərbaycanca   (https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86) (ولادیمیر پوتین – South Azerbaijani) تۆرکجه   (https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87) (Путин Владимир Владимирович – Bashkir) Башҡортса   (https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Balinese) Basa Bali   (https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Bavarian) Boarisch   (https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimirs_Putins) (Vladimirs Putins – Samogitian) Žemaitėška   (https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Central Bikol) Bikol Central   (https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD) (Уладзімер Пуцін – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)) Беларуская (тарашкевіца)   (https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80_%D0%A3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D1%87_%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BD) (Уладзімір Уладзіміравіч Пуцін – Belarusian) Беларуская   (https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weladimir_Putin) (Weladimir Putin – Betawi) Betawi   (https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD) (Владимир Путин – Bulgarian) Български   (https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8) (व्लादिमीर पुतिन – Bhojpuri) भोजपुरी   (https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Banjar) Banjar   (https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AD%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A8) (ভ্লাদিমির পুতিন – Bangla) বাংলা   (https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Poutin) (Vladimir Poutin – Breton) Brezhoneg   (https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Bosnian) Bosanski   (https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%93%E1%A8%98%E1%A8%92%E1%A8%89%E1%A8%97%E1%A8%86%E1%A8%97%E1%A8%91%E1%A8%97_%E1%A8%84%E1%A8%98%E1%A8%88%E1%A8%97) (ᨓᨘᨒᨉᨗᨆᨗᨑᨗ ᨄᨘᨈᨗ – Buginese) Basa Ugi   (https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD) (Владимир Путин – Russia Buriat) Буряад   (https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlad%C3%ADmir_Putin) (Vladímir Putin – Catalan) Català   (https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Mindong) 閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄   (https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87) (Путин, Владимир Владимирович – Chechen) Нохчийн   (https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Cebuano) Cebuano   (https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A4%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86) (ڤلادیمیر پوتین – Central Kurdish) کوردی   (https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Corsican) Corsu   (https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Crimean Tatar) Qırımtatarca   (https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Czech) Čeština   (https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8A_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8A) (Владимиръ Поутинъ – Church Slavic) Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ   (https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87) (Путин Владимир Владимирович – Chuvash) Чӑвашла   (https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Welsh) Cymraeg   (https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Danish) Dansk   (https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wladimir_Wladimirowitsch_Putin) (Wladimir Wladimirowitsch Putin – German) Deutsch   (https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Vladimirovich_Putin) (Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin – Dinka) Thuɔŋjäŋ   (https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wladimir_Putin) (Wladimir Putin – Lower Sorbian) Dolnoserbski   (https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Central Dusun) Kadazandusun   (https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8) (भ्लादिमिर पुटिन – Doteli) डोटेली   (https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8D%DE%A6%DE%91%DE%A8%DE%89%DE%A8%DE%87%DE%A6%DE%83_%DE%95%DE%AB%DE%93%DE%A8%DE%82%DE%B0) (ލަޑިމިއަރ ޕޫޓިން – Divehi) ދިވެހިބަސް   (https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%BC%CE%B9%CF%81_%CE%A0%CE%BF%CF%8D%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BD) (Βλαντίμιρ Πούτιν – Greek) Ελληνικά   (https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Esperanto) Esperanto   (https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlad%C3%ADmir_Putin) (Vladímir Putin – Spanish) Español   (https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Estonian) Eesti   (https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Basque) Euskara   (https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Extremaduran) Estremeñu   (https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86) (ولادیمیر پوتین – Persian) فارسی   (https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Finnish) Suomi   (https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putini_Vladimir) (Putini Vladimir – Võro) Võro   (https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Faroese) Føroyskt   (https://fon.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Poutine) (Vladimir Poutine – Fon) Fɔ̀ngbè   (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Poutine) (Vladimir Poutine – French) Français   (https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wladimir_Putin) (Wladimir Putin – Northern Frisian) Nordfriisk   (https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Friulian) Furlan   (https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_P%C3%BBtin) (Vladimir Pûtin – Western Frisian) Frysk   (https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Irish) Gaeilge   (https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E4%BA%AC) (普京 – Gan) 贛語   (https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Scottish Gaelic) Gàidhlig   (https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Galician) Galego   (https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlad%C3%ADmir_Putin) (Vladímir Putin – Guarani) Avañe'ẽ   (https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8D%85%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BB%F0%90%8C%B3%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BC%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8D%83_%F0%90%8D%80%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8D%84%F0%90%8C%B4%F0%90%8C%B9%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8D%83) (𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌳𐌰𐌼𐌴𐍂𐍃 𐍀𐌿𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 – Gothic) 𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺   (https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Gun) Gungbe   (https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Manx) Gaelg   (https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Hausa) Hausa   (https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Hakka Chinese) 客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî   (https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%93%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9F) (ולדימיר פוטין – Hebrew) עברית   (https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8) (व्लादिमीर पुतिन – Hindi) हिन्दी   (https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Fiji Hindi) Fiji Hindi   (https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Croatian) Hrvatski   (https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wladimir_Putin) (Wladimir Putin – Upper Sorbian) Hornjoserbsce   (https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Haitian Creole) Kreyòl ayisyen   (https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlagyimir_Vlagyimirovics_Putyin) (Vlagyimir Vlagyimirovics Putyin – Hungarian) Magyar   (https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%AB%D6%80_%D5%8A%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%B6) (Վլադիմիր Պուտին – Armenian) Հայերեն   (https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8E%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%AB%D6%80_%D5%93%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%AB%D5%B6) (Վլատիմիր Փութին – Western Armenian) Արեւմտահայերէն   (https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Interlingua) Interlingua   (https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Iban) Jaku Iban   (https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Indonesian) Bahasa Indonesia   (https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Interlingue) Interlingue   (https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Iloko) Ilokano   (https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Vladimirovich_Putin) (Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin – Ido) Ido   (https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlad%C3%ADm%C3%ADr_P%C3%BAt%C3%ADn) (Vladímír Pútín – Icelandic) Íslenska   (https://isv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD) (Владимир Путин – Interslavic) Medžuslovjansky   (https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Italian) Italiano   (https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%95%9D%E1%93%9B%E1%91%8E%E1%92%A5%E1%95%90_%E1%90%B4%E1%91%8E%E1%93%90) (ᕝᓛᑎᒥᕐ ᐴᑎᓐ – Inuktitut) ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut   (https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B8%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9F%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%97%E3%83%BC%E3%83%81%E3%83%B3) (ウラジーミル・プーチン – Japanese) 日本語   (https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Javanese) Jawa   (https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98) (ვლადიმერ პუტინი – Georgian) ქართული   (https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Kara-Kalpak) Qaraqalpaqsha   (https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Poutine) (Vladimir Poutine – Kabiye) Kabɩyɛ   (https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Tyap) Tyap   (https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Komering) Kumoring   (https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD) (Владимир Владимирович Путин – Kazakh) Қазақша   (https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9C%E1%9F%89%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8C%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%80%E1%9E%9A_%E1%9E%96%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%91%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%93) (វ៉្លាឌីមៀរ ពូទីន – Khmer) ភាសាខ្មែរ   (https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B5%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C_%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%9F%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E2%80%8C) (ವ್ಲಾಡಿಮಿರ್‌ ಪುಟಿನ್‌ – Kannada) ಕನ್ನಡ   (https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B8%94%EB%9D%BC%EB%94%94%EB%AF%B8%EB%A5%B4_%ED%91%B8%ED%8B%B4) (블라디미르 푸틴 – Korean) 한국어   (https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87) (Путин Владимир Владимирович – Komi-Permyak) Перем коми   (https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%90%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%96%D8%B1_%D9%BE%D9%8F%D8%AA%D9%90%D9%86) (ولادِمیٖر پُتِن – Kashmiri) کٲشُر   (https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlad%C3%AEm%C3%AEr_P%C3%BBt%C3%AEn) (Vladîmîr Pûtîn – Kurdish) Kurdî   (https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87) (Путин Владимир Владимирович – Komi) Коми   (https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Cornish) Kernowek   (https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87) (Путин Владимир Владимирович – Kyrgyz) Кыргызча   (https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimirus_Putinus) (Vladimirus Putinus – Latin) Latina   (https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Ladino) Ladino   (https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wladimir_Wladimirowitsch_Putin) (Wladimir Wladimirowitsch Putin – Luxembourgish) Lëtzebuergesch   (https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87) (Путин, Владимир Владимирович – Lak) Лакку   (https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87_%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD) (Владимир Владимирович Путин – Lezghian) Лезги   (https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Lingua Franca Nova) Lingua Franca Nova   (https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Ganda) Luganda   (https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Poetin) (Vladimir Poetin – Limburgish) Limburgs   (https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Ladin) Ladin   (https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Vladimirovi%C4%8D_Putin) (Vladimir Vladimirovič Putin – Lombard) Lombard   (https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B5%E0%BA%A3%E0%BB%8C_%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%95%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%99) (ວະລາດີມີຣ໌ ປູຕິນ – Lao) ລາວ   (https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimiras_Putinas) (Vladimiras Putinas – Lithuanian) Lietuvių   (https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimirs_Putins) (Vladimirs Putins – Latvian) Latviešu   (https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Madurese) Madhurâ   (https://mag.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8) (व्लादिमिर पुतिन – Magahi) मगही   (https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8) (भ्लादिमिर पुटिन – Maithili) मैथिली   (https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD) (Владимир Путин – Moksha) Мокшень   (https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Poutine) (Vladimir Poutine – Malagasy) Malagasy   (https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87) (Путин, Владимир Владимирович – Eastern Mari) Олык марий   (https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Minangkabau) Minangkabau   (https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD) (Владимир Путин – Macedonian) Македонски   (https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%BF%E0%B5%BB) (വ്ലാദിമിർ പുടിൻ – Malayalam) മലയാളം   (https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD) (Владимир Путин – Mongolian) Монгол   (https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%97%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%94_%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%87%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%9F) (ꯕ꯭ꯂꯥꯗꯤꯃꯤꯔ ꯄꯨꯇꯤꯟ – Manipuri) ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ   (https://mos.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Mossi) Moore   (https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8) (व्लादिमिर पुतिन – Marathi) मराठी   (https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87) (Путин, Владимир Владимирович – Western Mari) Кырык мары   (https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Malay) Bahasa Melayu   (https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Maltese) Malti   (https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Mirandese) Mirandés   (https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%97%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AC%E1%80%92%E1%80%AE%E1%80%99%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AC_%E1%80%95%E1%80%B0%E1%80%90%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA) (ဗလာဒီမီယာ ပူတင် – Burmese) မြန်မာဘာသာ   (https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87) (Путин, Владимир Владимирович – Erzya) Эрзянь   (https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86) (ولادیمیر پوتین – Mazanderani) مازِرونی   (https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Neapolitan) Napulitano   (https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Low Saxon) Nedersaksies   (https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wladimir_Wladimirowitsch_Putin) (Wladimir Wladimirowitsch Putin – Low German) Plattdüütsch   (https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8) (भ्लादिमिर पुटिन – Nepali) नेपाली   (https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AD%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8) (भ्लडिमिर पुटिन – Newari) नेपाल भाषा   (https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Poetin) (Vladimir Poetin – Dutch) Nederlands   (https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Norwegian Nynorsk) Norsk nynorsk   (https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Norwegian Bokmål) Norsk bokmål   (https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Novial) Novial   (https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DF%9D%DF%AD%DF%8C%DF%9F%DF%8A%DF%98%DF%A1%DF%8C%DF%99_%DF%94%DF%8E%DF%95%DF%8C%DF%B2) (ߝ߭ߌߟߊߘߡߌߙ ߔߎߕߌ߲ – N’Ko) ߒߞߏ   (https://ny.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Nyanja) Chi-Chewa   (https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vlad%C3%ADmir_P%C3%B3tin) (Vladímir Pótin – Occitan) Occitan   (https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Livvi-Karelian) Livvinkarjala   (https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AD%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B3%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A6%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B0_%E0%AC%AA%E0%AD%81%E0%AC%9F%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E2%80%8C) (ଭ୍ଳାଦିମିର ପୁଟିନ୍‌ – Odia) ଓଡ଼ିଆ   (https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%8B_%D1%84%D1%8B%D1%80%D1%82) (Путин, Владимир Владимиры фырт – Ossetic) Ирон   (https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A8) (ਵਲਾਦੀਮੀਰ ਪੁਤਿਨ – Punjabi) ਪੰਜਾਬੀ   (https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Pampanga) Kapampangan   (https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Papiamento) Papiamentu   (https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adimir_Putin) (Władimir Putin – Polish) Polski   (https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Piedmontese) Piemontèis   (https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%86) (ولادیمیر پوتن – Western Punjabi) پنجابی   (https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86) (ولادمیر پوتین – Pashto) پښتو   (https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Portuguese) Português   (https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Quechua) Runa Simi   (https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Romansh) Rumantsch   (https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Vlax Romani) Romani čhib   (https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Romanian) Română   (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87) (Путин, Владимир Владимирович – Russian) Русский   (https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87) (Путін Володимир Володимирович – Rusyn) Русиньскый   (https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Kinyarwanda) Ikinyarwanda   (https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A8) (व्लादिमीर पुतिन – Sanskrit) संस्कृतम्   (https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD) (Владимир Путин – Yakut) Саха тыла   (https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AB%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%A8_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%B1) (ᱵᱷᱞᱟᱫᱤᱢᱤᱨ ᱯᱩᱛᱤᱱ – Santali) ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ   (https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Sardinian) Sardu   (https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Sicilian) Sicilianu   (https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Scots) Scots   (https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D9%BE%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%BD%D9%86) (ولاديمير پيوٽن – Sindhi) سنڌي   (https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Northern Sami) Davvisámegiella   (https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Serbo-Croatian) Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски   (https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fladimir_Butin) (Fladimir Butin – Tachelhit) Taclḥit   (https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9D%E1%80%9C%E1%82%83%E1%82%87%E1%81%BB%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87%E1%80%99%E1%80%AE%E1%82%87%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BA_%E1%80%95%E1%80%B0%E1%82%87%E1%80%91%E1%80%AD%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87) (ဝလႃႇၻီႇမီႇရ် ပူႇထိၼ်ႇ – Shan) တႆး   (https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A) (ව්ලැදිමිර් පුටින් – Sinhala) සිංහල   (https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Simple English) Simple English   (https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Vladimirovi%C4%8D_Putin) (Vladimir Vladimirovič Putin – Slovak) Slovenčina   (https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Slovenian) Slovenščina   (https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Shona) ChiShona   (https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Albanian) Shqip   (https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD) (Владимир Путин – Serbian) Српски / srpski   (https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Swedish) Svenska   (https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Swahili) Kiswahili   (https://syl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%A0%85%EA%A0%86%EA%A0%9F%EA%A0%A3%EA%A0%96%EA%A0%A4%EA%A0%9D%EA%A0%A4%EA%A0%9E_%EA%A0%99%EA%A0%A5%EA%A0%94%EA%A0%A4%EA%A0%98) (ꠅ꠆ꠟꠣꠖꠤꠝꠤꠞ ꠙꠥꠔꠤꠘ – Sylheti) ꠍꠤꠟꠐꠤ   (https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82adimir_Putin) (Władimir Putin – Silesian) Ślůnski   (https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Sakizaya) Sakizaya   (https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B3%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D) (விளாதிமிர் பூட்டின் – Tamil) தமிழ்   (https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Atayal) Tayal   (https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D) (వ్లాదిమిర్ పుతిన్ – Telugu) తెలుగు   (https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD) (Владимир Путин – Tajik) Тоҷикӣ   (https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C_%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99) (วลาดีมีร์ ปูติน – Thai) ไทย   (https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wladimir_Putin) (Wladimir Putin – Turkmen) Türkmençe   (https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Tagalog) Tagalog   (https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Talysh) Tolışi   (https://tok.wikipedia.org/wiki/jan_Wasimi_Pusin) (jan Wasimi Pusin – Toki Pona) Toki pona   (https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Turkish) Türkçe   (https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Taroko) Seediq   (https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD) (Владимир Путин – Tatar) Татарча / tatarça   (https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Tumbuka) ChiTumbuka   (https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87) (Путин, Владимир Владимирович – Tuvinian) Тыва дыл   (https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD,_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87) (Путин, Владимир Владимирович – Udmurt) Удмурт   (https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8B%D9%89%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%89%D9%85%D9%89%D8%B1_%D9%BE%DB%87%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%86) (ۋىلادىمىر پۇتىن – Uyghur) ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche   (https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80_%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87) (Путін Володимир Володимирович – Ukrainian) Українська   (https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%B1_%D9%BE%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%86) (ولادیمیر پوتن – Urdu) اردو   (https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Uzbek) Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча   (https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Venetian) Vèneto   (https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putin_Vladimir) (Putin Vladimir – Veps) Vepsän kel’   (https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Vladimirovich_Putin) (Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin – Vietnamese) Tiếng Việt   (https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Volapük) Volapük   (https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Poutene) (Vladimir Poutene – Walloon) Walon   (https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Waray) Winaray   (https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E5%9F%BA%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%99%AE%E4%BA%AC) (弗拉基米尔·普京 – Wu) 吴语   (https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Xhosa) IsiXhosa   (https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%95%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0_%E1%83%9E%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98) (ვლადიმერ პუტინი – Mingrelian) მარგალური   (https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%95%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%93%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%A8_%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9F) (וולאדימיר פוטין – Yiddish) ייִדיש   (https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Yoruba) Yorùbá   (https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Poetin) (Vladimir Poetin – Zeelandic) Zeêuws   (https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Minnan) 閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gí   (https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%99%AE%E4%BA%AC) (普京 – Cantonese) 粵語   (https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%97%E6%8B%89%E5%9F%BA%E7%B1%B3%E5%B0%94%C2%B7%E6%99%AE%E4%BA%AC) (弗拉基米尔·普京 – Chinese) 中文   (https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin – Zulu) IsiZulu    (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7747#sitelinks-wikipedia) (Edit interlanguage links) Edit links       (/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (View the content page [c]) Article   (/wiki/Talk:Vladimir_Putin) (Discuss improvements to the content page [t]) Talk      English         (/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) Read   (/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Putin&action=edit) (This page is protected.
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(Extended-protected article)       From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia    President of Russia (2000–2008; since 2012) (./Category:Articles_with_short_description)  (./Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata)    "Putin" redirects here. For other uses, see (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putin_(disambiguation)) (Putin (disambiguation)) Putin (disambiguation) . (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   In this name that follows (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Slavic_naming_customs) (East Slavic naming customs) East Slavic naming customs , the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patronymic) (Patronymic) patronymic is Vladimirovich  and the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surname) (Surname) family name is Putin . (./Category:Wikipedia_indefinitely_move-protected_pages#Vladimir%20Putin)     (./Category:Wikipedia_extended-confirmed-protected_pages#Vladimir%20Putin)   (./Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_July_2026)   (./Category:Pages_using_embedded_infobox_templates_with_the_title_parameter)   Vladimir Putin   Владимир Путин    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Владимир_Путин_(08-03-2024)_(cropped)_(higher_res)_2.jpg)    Putin in 2024   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1358620234)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Russia) (President of Russia) President of Russia   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incumbent) (Incumbent) Incumbent     Assumed office    7 May 2012 (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1358620234)   Prime Minister   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Zubkov) (Viktor Zubkov) Viktor Zubkov (acting) Dmitry Medvedev (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Mishustin) (Mikhail Mishustin) Mikhail Mishustin [ a]         Preceded by  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev) (Dmitry Medvedev) Dmitry Medvedev  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1358620234)   In office   31 December 1999[ b]     – 7 May 2008 (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1358620234)   Prime Minister  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409)   Himself  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Kasyanov) (Mikhail Kasyanov) Mikhail Kasyanov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Fradkov) (Mikhail Fradkov) Mikhail Fradkov  Viktor Zubkov     Preceded by  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Yeltsin) (Boris Yeltsin) Boris Yeltsin   Succeeded by  Dmitry Medvedev (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1358620234)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Russia) (Prime Minister of Russia) Prime Minister of Russia   In office   8 May 2008 – 7 May 2012 (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1358620234)   President Dmitry Medvedev  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Russia) (First Deputy Prime Minister of Russia) First Deputy  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei_Ivanov) (Sergei Ivanov) Sergei Ivanov  Viktor Zubkov (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor_Shuvalov) (Igor Shuvalov) Igor Shuvalov      Preceded by  Viktor Zubkov  Succeeded by  Dmitry Medvedev Viktor Zubkov (acting) (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1358620234)   In office   9 August 1999[ c]     – 7 May 2000 (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1358620234)   President Boris Yeltsin Himself (acting)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Russia) (First Deputy Prime Minister of Russia) First Deputy  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolay_Aksyonenko) (Nikolay Aksyonenko) Nikolay Aksyonenko  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Khristenko) (Viktor Khristenko) Viktor Khristenko  Mikhail Kasyanov     Preceded by  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei_Stepashin) (Sergei Stepashin) Sergei Stepashin   Succeeded by  Mikhail Kasyanov (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1358620234)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Russia) (Deputy Prime Minister of Russia) First Deputy Prime Minister of Russia   In office   9 August 1999 – 16 August 1999 (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1358620234)   Prime Minister  Sergei Stepashin Himself (acting) (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1358620234)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Russia) (United Russia) Chairman of United Russia   In office   7 May 2008 – 26 May 2012 (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1358620234)   Preceded by  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Gryzlov) (Boris Gryzlov) Boris Gryzlov   Succeeded by  Dmitry Medvedev    Other offices held   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1358620234)     (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1358620234)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretary_of_the_Security_Council_of_Russia) (Secretary of the Security Council of Russia) Secretary of the Security Council of the Russian Federation    In office   9 March 1999 – 9 August 1999 (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1358620234)   Chairman Boris Yeltsin  Preceded by  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolay_Bordyuzha) (Nikolay Bordyuzha) Nikolay Bordyuzha   Succeeded by  Sergei Ivanov (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1358620234)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Director_of_the_Federal_Security_Service) (Director of the Federal Security Service) Director of the Federal Security Service   In office   25 July 1998 – 29 March 1999 (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1358620234)   President Boris Yeltsin  Preceded by  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolay_Kovalyov_(politician)) (Nikolay Kovalyov (politician)) Nikolay Kovalyov   Succeeded by  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai_Patrushev) (Nikolai Patrushev) Nikolai Patrushev  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1358620234)   First Deputy Chief of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_Administration_of_Russia) (Presidential Administration of Russia) Presidential Administration   In office   25 May 1998 – 24 July 1998 (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1358620234)   President Boris Yeltsin (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1358620234)   Deputy Chief of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_Administration_of_Russia) (Presidential Administration of Russia) Presidential Administration – Head of the Main Supervisory Department  In office   26 March 1997 – 24 May 1998 (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1358620234)   President Boris Yeltsin  Preceded by  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexei_Kudrin) (Alexei Kudrin) Alexei Kudrin   Succeeded by  Nikolai Patrushev                 Personal details  Born (1952-10-07 )  7 October 1952(age 73)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leningrad) (Leningrad) Leningrad ,[ d]    Russian SFSR, Soviet Union   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_party) (Political party) Party  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_politician) (Independent politician) Independent  (1991–1995, 2001–2008, since 2012)  Other political affiliations  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-Russia_People's_Front) (All-Russia People's Front) People's Front (since 2011) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Russia) (United Russia) United Russia [ 1]    (2008–2012) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unity_(Russian_political_party)) (Unity (Russian political party)) Unity (1999–2001) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Our_Home_–_Russia) (Our Home – Russia) Our Home – Russia  (1995–1999) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union) (Communist Party of the Soviet Union) CPSU (1975–1991)     Spouse  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyudmila_Shkrebneva) (Lyudmila Shkrebneva) Lyudmila Shkrebneva  ​   ​  ( (married) m.  1983;  (divorced) div.  2014)  ​  [ e]      Children At least 2, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Vorontsova) (Maria Vorontsova) Maria and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katerina_Tikhonova) (Katerina Tikhonova) Katerina [ f]      Relatives (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_of_Vladimir_Putin) (Family of Vladimir Putin) Putin family   Education (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Petersburg_State_University) (Saint Petersburg State University) Leningrad State University ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bachelor_of_Laws) (Bachelor of Laws) LLB ) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Petersburg_Mining_Institute) (Saint Petersburg Mining Institute) Leningrad Mining Institute ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candidate_of_Sciences) (Candidate of Sciences) Candidate of Sciences )     Awards  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_awards_and_honours_received_by_Vladimir_Putin) (List of awards and honours received by Vladimir Putin) Full list   Signature (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Putin_signature.svg) (Vladimir Putin's signature) ()      Website (http://en.putin.kremlin.ru) en .putin .kremlin .ru    Military service  Allegiance (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union) (Soviet Union) Soviet Union  Russia  Branch/service (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KGB) (KGB) KGB  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Security_Service) (Federal Security Service) FSB  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Armed_Forces) (Russian Armed Forces) Russian Armed Forces      Years of service  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409)   1975–1991 1997–1999 2000–present     Rank (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonel) (Colonel) Colonel  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1st_class_Active_State_Councillor_of_the_Russian_Federation) (1st class Active State Councillor of the Russian Federation) 1st class Active State Councillor of the Russian Federation      Commands (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Commander-in-Chief_of_the_Russian_Armed_Forces) (Supreme Commander-in-Chief of the Russian Armed Forces) Supreme Commander-in-Chief   Battles/wars  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Chechen_War) (Second Chechen War) Second Chechen War  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Georgian_War) (Russo-Georgian War) Russo-Georgian War  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insurgency_in_the_North_Caucasus) (Insurgency in the North Caucasus) Insurgency in the North Caucasus  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War) (Russo-Ukrainian War) Russo-Ukrainian War (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Russian_annexation_of_Crimea) (2014 Russian annexation of Crimea) Annexation of Crimea  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donbas_War) (Donbas War) Donbas War  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Invasion_of_Ukraine) (Russian Invasion of Ukraine) Russian Invasion of Ukraine    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_Civil_War) (Syrian Civil War) Syrian Civil War (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war) (Russian intervention in the Syrian civil war) Russian intervention         (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Voice_of_Vladimir_Putin_(24.2.2022).ogg) (File:Voice of Vladimir Putin (24.2.2022).ogg) Vladimir Putin's voice    (العربية ‪(ar)‬)  (Deutsch ‪(de)‬)  (English ‪(en)‬)  (français ‪(fr)‬)  (हिन्दी ‪(hi)‬)  (日本語 ‪(ja)‬)  (português do Brasil ‪(pt-br)‬)  (русский ‪(ru)‬)  (українська ‪(uk)‬)  (中文（中国大陆） ‪(zh-cn)‬)  (中文（简体） ‪(zh-hans)‬)  (中文（繁體） ‪(zh-hant)‬)  (中文（臺灣） ‪(zh-tw)‬)      Putin declaring a "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_military_operation) (Special military operation) special military operation " in Ukraine Recorded 24 February 2022     (./Category:Articles_with_hAudio_microformats)     (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1358620234)  Martial arts career   Rank   8th (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_(rank)) (Dan (rank)) Dan –(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo) (Judo) Judo  [ 7]     (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959)    8th (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_(rank)) (Dan (rank)) Dan –(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyokushin) (Kyokushin) Karate  [ 8]      Years active 1963–present         (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vladimir_Putin_congratulated_Russia’s_women_on_International_Women’s_Day_(3x4_close_cropped).jpg)     This article is part of a series about  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) Vladimir Putin          Personal (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_of_Vladimir_Putin) (Family of Vladimir Putin) Family  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin's_meeting_table) (Vladimir Putin's meeting table) Meeting table  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin's_language) (Vladimir Putin's language) Language  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Historical_Unity_of_Russians_and_Ukrainians) (On the Historical Unity of Russians and Ukrainians) Opinions  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pets_of_Vladimir_Putin) (Pets of Vladimir Putin) Pets  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligence_career_of_Vladimir_Putin?action=edit&redlink=1) (Intelligence career of Vladimir Putin (page does not exist)) Intelligence career  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_career_of_Vladimir_Putin) (Political career of Vladimir Putin) Political career  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin's_rise_to_power) (Vladimir Putin's rise to power) Rise to power      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Russia) (Prime Minister of Russia) Prime Minister of Russia  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medvedev–Putin_tandemocracy) (Medvedev–Putin tandemocracy) Premiership  Cabinets (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin's_First_Cabinet) (Vladimir Putin's First Cabinet) first  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin's_Second_Cabinet) (Vladimir Putin's Second Cabinet) second    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_international_prime_ministerial_trips_made_by_Vladimir_Putin) (List of international prime ministerial trips made by Vladimir Putin) International trips      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Russia) (President of Russia) President of Russia  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia_under_Vladimir_Putin) (Russia under Vladimir Putin) Presidency  Inaugurations (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Vladimir_Putin) (First inauguration of Vladimir Putin) 1st  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Vladimir_Putin) (Second inauguration of Vladimir Putin) 2nd  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_inauguration_of_Vladimir_Putin) (Third inauguration of Vladimir Putin) 3rd  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_inauguration_of_Vladimir_Putin) (Fourth inauguration of Vladimir Putin) 4th  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifth_inauguration_of_Vladimir_Putin) (Fifth inauguration of Vladimir Putin) 5th    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Vladimir_Putin) (List of international presidential trips made by Vladimir Putin) International trips  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_groups_under_Vladimir_Putin's_presidency) (Political groups under Vladimir Putin's presidency) Political groups  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opposition_to_Vladimir_Putin_in_Russia) (Opposition to Vladimir Putin in Russia) Opposition  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_speeches_given_by_Vladimir_Putin) (List of speeches given by Vladimir Putin) Speeches (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich_speech_of_Vladimir_Putin) (Munich speech of Vladimir Putin) Munich  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crimean_speech_of_Vladimir_Putin) (Crimean speech of Vladimir Putin) Crimea  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Valdai_speech_of_Vladimir_Putin) (2014 Valdai speech of Vladimir Putin) Valdai  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Presidential_Address_to_the_Federal_Assembly) (2020 Presidential Address to the Federal Assembly) 2020 Federal Assembly  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Address_concerning_the_events_in_Ukraine) (Address concerning the events in Ukraine) Donetsk and Luhansk 2022  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_conducting_a_special_military_operation) (On conducting a special military operation) Ukraine 2022  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Moscow_rally) (2022 Moscow rally) 2022 Moscow    Summits (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovenia_Summit_2001) (Slovenia Summit 2001) Ljubljana  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovakia_Summit_2005) (Slovakia Summit 2005) Bratislava  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Russia–United_States_Summit) (2018 Russia–United States Summit) Helsinki  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Russia–United_States_Summit) (2021 Russia–United States Summit) Geneva  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Russia–United_States_Summit_in_Alaska) (2025 Russia–United States Summit in Alaska) Alaska  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Budapest_Summit) (2025 Budapest Summit) Budapest        (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_career_of_Vladimir_Putin) (Political career of Vladimir Putin) Policies  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_policy_of_Vladimir_Putin) (Domestic policy of Vladimir Putin) Domestic (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Vladimir_Putin_legislation_and_programs) (List of Vladimir Putin legislation and programs) legislation and programs  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Russian_military_reform) (2008 Russian military reform) military reform  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_amendments_to_the_Constitution_of_Russia) (2020 amendments to the Constitution of Russia) constitutional reform  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_champions) (National champions) national champions  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Priority_Projects) (National Priority Projects) priority projects  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stabilization_Fund_of_the_Russian_Federation) (Stabilization Fund of the Russian Federation) stabilization fund    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_undesirable_organizations_law) (Russian undesirable organizations law) undesirable organizations law  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_Vladimir_Putin) (Foreign policy of Vladimir Putin) Foreign (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation) (Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation) Annexation of Crimea  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_in_Donbas) (War in Donbas) War in Donbas  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_military_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war) (Russian military intervention in the Syrian civil war) Intervention in Syria  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) (2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine) Invasion of Ukraine  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_annexation_of_Donetsk,_Kherson,_Luhansk_and_Zaporizhzhia_oblasts) (Russian annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts) 2022 annexation of four Ukrainian regions    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transnational_repression_by_Russia) (Transnational repression by Russia) Transnational repression  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putin's_Plan) (Putin's Plan) Putin's Plan      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Vladimir_Putin) (Electoral history of Vladimir Putin) Presidential campaigns  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin_2000_presidential_campaign) (Vladimir Putin 2000 presidential campaign) 2000 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000_Russian_presidential_election) (2000 Russian presidential election) election    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin_2004_presidential_campaign) (Vladimir Putin 2004 presidential campaign) 2004 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Russian_presidential_election) (2004 Russian presidential election) election    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin_2012_presidential_campaign) (Vladimir Putin 2012 presidential campaign) 2012 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Russian_presidential_election) (2012 Russian presidential election) election    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin_2018_presidential_campaign) (Vladimir Putin 2018 presidential campaign) 2018 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gays_for_Putin!) (Gays for Putin!) Gays for Putin!  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PutinTeam) (PutinTeam) PutinTeam  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Russian_presidential_election) (2018 Russian presidential election) election    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin_2024_presidential_campaign) (Vladimir Putin 2024 presidential campaign) 2024 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Russian_presidential_election) (2024 Russian presidential election) election        Legacy (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alleged_doubles_of_Vladimir_Putin) (Alleged doubles of Vladimir Putin) Alleged doubles  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claims_of_Vladimir_Putin's_incapacity_and_death) (Claims of Vladimir Putin's incapacity and death) Incapacity and death claims  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grandpa_in_his_bunker) (Grandpa in his bunker) Grandpa in his bunker  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_awards_and_honours_received_by_Vladimir_Putin) (List of awards and honours received by Vladimir Putin) Honours  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opposition_to_Vladimir_Putin_in_Russia) (Opposition to Vladimir Putin in Russia) Opposition in Russia  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phone_call_to_Putin) (Phone call to Putin) Phone call to Putin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_image_of_Vladimir_Putin) (Public image of Vladimir Putin) Public image  "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putin_khuylo!) (Putin khuylo!) Putin khuylo!  " (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putinism) (Putinism) Putinism (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putinisation) (Putinisation) Putinisation    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putinland) (Putinland) Putinland  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putler) (Putler) Putler  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia_is_a_terrorist_state?action=edit&redlink=1) (Russia is a terrorist state (page does not exist)) Russia is a terrorist state  [ (https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia%20is%20a%20terrorist%20state) (uk:Russia is a terrorist state) uk ]   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yanukovich's_letter_to_Putin) (Yanukovich's letter to Putin) Yanukovich's letter to Putin  [ (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Письмо%20Януковича) (ru:Письмо Януковича) ru ]       (Seal of the President of the Russian)      (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Putin_sidebar) (Template:Putin sidebar) (View this template) v   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Putin_sidebar) (Template talk:Putin sidebar) (Discuss this template) t   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Putin_sidebar) (Special:EditPage/Template:Putin sidebar) (Edit this template) e         Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin [ h]    (born 7 October 1952) is a Russian politician and former intelligence officer who has served as (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Russia) (President of Russia) President of Russia since 2012, having previously served from 2000 to 2008. Putin also served as (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Russia) (Prime Minister of Russia) Prime Minister of Russia from 1999 to 2000[ i]    and again from 2008 to 2012.[ j]    [ 9]    He has been described as the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto) (De facto) de facto  leader of Russia between 2008 and 2012.[ 10]     Born in Leningrad (now (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Petersburg) (Saint Petersburg) Saint Petersburg ), Putin worked as a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KGB) (KGB) KGB foreign intelligence officer for 16 years, rising to the rank of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel_(Eastern_Europe)) (Lieutenant colonel (Eastern Europe)) lieutenant colonel . He resigned in 1991 to begin a political career in Saint Petersburg. In 1996, Putin moved to Moscow to join the administration of President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Yeltsin) (Boris Yeltsin) Boris Yeltsin . He briefly served as the director of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Security_Service) (Federal Security Service) Federal Security Service (FSB) and then as (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretary_of_the_Security_Council_of_Russia) (Secretary of the Security Council of Russia) secretary of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security_Council_of_Russia) (Security Council of Russia) Security Council of Russia before (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putin's_rise_to_power) (Putin's rise to power) being appointed prime minister in August 1999. Following Yeltsin's resignation, Putin became (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acting_President_of_Russia) (Acting President of Russia) acting president and, less than three months later in March 2000, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000_Russian_presidential_election) (2000 Russian presidential election) was elected to his first term as president. He (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Russian_presidential_election) (2004 Russian presidential election) was reelected in 2004. Due to constitutional limitations on two consecutive presidential terms, Putin served as prime minister again from 2008 to 2012 under (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev) (Dmitry Medvedev) Dmitry Medvedev . He returned to the presidency in 2012, following (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Russian_presidential_election) (2012 Russian presidential election) an election marked by allegations of fraud and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011–2013_Russian_protests) (2011–2013 Russian protests) protests , and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Russian_presidential_election) (2018 Russian presidential election) was reelected in 2018. During Putin's initial presidential tenure, the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_economy) (Russian economy) Russian economy grew on average by seven percent per year as a result of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_policy_of_Vladimir_Putin#Economic,_industrial,_and_energy_policies) (Domestic policy of Vladimir Putin) several economic reforms and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000s_commodities_boom) (2000s commodities boom) a fivefold increase in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Price_of_oil) (Price of oil) price of oil and gas.[ 11]    [ 12]    Additionally, Putin led Russia in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Chechen_War) (Second Chechen War) a conflict against Chechen separatists , re-establishing federal control over the region.[ 13]    [ 14]    While serving as prime minister under Medvedev, he oversaw the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Georgian_War) (Russo-Georgian War) Russo-Georgian War , alongside enacting (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Russian_military_reform) (2008 Russian military reform) military and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_police_reform) (Russian police reform) police reforms . In his third presidential term, Russia occupied and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation) (Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation) annexed Crimea as well as supported (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_in_Donbas_(2014–2022)) (War in Donbas (2014–2022)) a war in eastern Ukraine through several military incursions, resulting in international sanctions, which, together with (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010s_oil_glut) (2010s oil glut) a drop in oil prices on the international markets, led to the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_financial_crisis_(2014–2016)) (Russian financial crisis (2014–2016)) financial crisis in Russia .[ 15]    Additionally, he ordered (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war) (Russian intervention in the Syrian civil war) a military intervention in Syria to support his ally, President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bashar_al-Assad) (Bashar al-Assad) Bashar al-Assad  , during the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syrian_civil_war) (Syrian civil war) Syrian civil war . In April 2021, after (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Russian_constitutional_referendum) (2020 Russian constitutional referendum) a referendum , he (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_amendments_to_the_Constitution_of_Russia) (2020 amendments to the Constitution of Russia) signed constitutional amendments into law that included one allowing him to run for reelection twice more, potentially extending his presidency to 2036.[ 16]    [ 17]    In February 2022, during his fourth presidential term, Putin launched (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) (2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine) a full-scale invasion of Ukraine , which prompted (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reactions_to_the_2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) (Reactions to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine) international condemnation and led to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) (International sanctions during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine) expanded sanctions . In September 2022, he announced (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Russian_mobilization) (2022 Russian mobilization) a partial mobilization and forcibly (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_annexation_of_Donetsk,_Kherson,_Luhansk_and_Zaporizhzhia_oblasts) (Russian annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts) annexed four Ukrainian oblasts into Russia . In March 2023, the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Criminal_Court) (International Criminal Court) International Criminal Court issued (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_arrest_warrants_for_Russian_figures) (International Criminal Court arrest warrants for Russian figures) an arrest warrant for Putin for (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_crime) (War crime) war crimes [ 18]    related to his alleged criminal responsibility for (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_abductions_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War) (Child abductions in the Russo-Ukrainian War) illegal child abductions during the war .[ 19]    In March 2024, he (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Russian_presidential_election) (2024 Russian presidential election) was reelected to another term in an election beset by record levels of fraud.[ 20]    [ 21]    [ 22]    [ 23]     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia_under_Vladimir_Putin) (Russia under Vladimir Putin) Under Putin's rule , the Russian political system has been transformed into an (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authoritarianism) (Authoritarianism) authoritarian (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dictatorship) (Dictatorship) dictatorship with a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cult_of_personality) (Cult of personality) personality cult . His rule has been marked by (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corruption_in_Russia) (Corruption in Russia) endemic corruption and widespread (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights_in_Russia) (Human rights in Russia) human rights violations , including the imprisonment and suppression of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opposition_to_Vladimir_Putin_in_Russia) (Opposition to Vladimir Putin in Russia) political opponents , intimidation and censorship of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_freedom_in_Russia) (Media freedom in Russia) independent media in Russia , and a lack of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_and_fair_election) (Free and fair election) free and fair elections .[ 24]    [ 25]    [ 26]    Russia has consistently received very low scores on (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_International) (Transparency International) Transparency International 's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corruption_Perceptions_Index) (Corruption Perceptions Index) Corruption Perceptions Index , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Economist_Democracy_Index) (The Economist Democracy Index) The Economist Democracy Index  , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_House) (Freedom House) Freedom House 's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_in_the_World) (Freedom in the World) Freedom in the World  index, and the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reporters_Without_Borders) (Reporters Without Borders) Reporters Without Borders ' (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Press_Freedom_Index) (World Press Freedom Index) World Press Freedom Index .   Early life and education  Putin was born on 7 October 1952 in Leningrad, known as (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Petersburg) (Saint Petersburg) Saint Petersburg since 1991, in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_SFSR) (Russian SFSR) Russian SFSR of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union) (Soviet Union) Soviet Union .[ 27]    He is the youngest of three children born to Vladimir Spiridonovich Putin and Maria Ivanovna Putina ((Name at birth) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birth_name#Maiden_and_married_names) (Birth name) née  Shelomova ). His grandfather, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiridon_Putin) (Spiridon Putin) Spiridon Putin , was a personal cook to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin) (Vladimir Lenin) Vladimir Lenin and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Stalin) (Joseph Stalin) Joseph Stalin .[ 28]    [ 29]    Putin's birth was preceded by the deaths of two brothers: Albert, born in the 1930s, died in infancy, and Viktor, born in 1940, died of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diphtheria) (Diphtheria) diphtheria and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starvation) (Starvation) starvation in 1942 during the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Leningrad) (Siege of Leningrad) Siege of Leningrad by (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wehrmacht) (Wehrmacht) German forces in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II) (World War II) World War II .[ 30]    [ 31]     Putin's mother was a factory worker, and his father was a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscript) (Conscript) conscript in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Navy) (Soviet Navy) Soviet Navy , serving in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Submarine) (Submarine) submarine fleet in the early 1930s. During the early stage of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa) (Operation Barbarossa) Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union , his father served in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destruction_battalion) (Destruction battalion) destruction battalion of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NKVD) (NKVD) NKVD .[ 32]    [ 33]    [ 34]    Later, he was transferred to the regular army and was severely wounded in 1942.[ 35]    Putin's maternal grandmother was (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II_casualties_of_the_Soviet_Union) (World War II casualties of the Soviet Union) killed by the German occupiers of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tver) (Tver) Tver region in 1941, and his maternal uncles disappeared on the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)) (Eastern Front (World War II)) Eastern Front during World War II.[ 36]     Education  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vladimir_Putin_as_a_child_(cropped).jpg)   Putin, (circa) c.  1960s   On 1 September 1960, Putin started at School No. 193 at Baskov Lane, near his home. He was one of a few in his class of about 45 pupils who were not yet members of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin_All-Union_Pioneer_Organization) (Vladimir Lenin All-Union Pioneer Organization) Young Pioneer ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komsomol) (Komsomol) Komsomol  ) organization. At the age of 12, he began to practice (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sambo_(martial_art)) (Sambo (martial art)) sambo and judo.[ 37]    In his free time, he enjoyed reading the works of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Marx) (Karl Marx) Karl Marx , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Engels) (Friedrich Engels) Friedrich Engels , and Lenin.[ 38]    Putin attended Saint Petersburg High School 281 with a German language immersion program.[ 39]    He is fluent in German and has given speeches and interviews in that language.[ 40]     Putin studied law at the Leningrad State University named after (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrei_Zhdanov) (Andrei Zhdanov) Andrei Zhdanov (now (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Petersburg_State_University) (Saint Petersburg State University) Saint Petersburg State University ) in 1970 and graduated in 1975.[ 41]    His thesis was on "The (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Most_favoured_nation) (Most favoured nation) Most Favored Nation Trading Principle in International Law."[ 42]    While there, he was required to join the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union) (Communist Party of the Soviet Union) Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU); he remained a member until it ceased to exist in 1991.[ 43]    Putin also met (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatoly_Sobchak) (Anatoly Sobchak) Anatoly Sobchak , an assistant professor who taught (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_law) (Business law) business law ,[ k]    who later became the co-author of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_constitution) (Russian constitution) Russian constitution . Putin was influential in Sobchak's career in Saint Petersburg, and Sobchak was influential in Putin's career in Moscow.[ 44]     In 1997, Putin received a degree in economics ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candidate_of_Sciences) (Candidate of Sciences) Candidate of Economic Sciences  ) at the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Petersburg_Mining_University) (Saint Petersburg Mining University) Saint Petersburg Mining University for a thesis on energy dependencies and their instrumentalisation in foreign policy.[ 45]    [ 46]    His supervisor was (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Litvinenko) (Vladimir Litvinenko) Vladimir Litvinenko , who in 2000 and again in 2004 managed his presidential election campaigns in St Petersburg.[ 47]    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor_Danchenko) (Igor Danchenko) Igor Danchenko and Clifford Gaddy consider Putin to be a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plagiarist) (Plagiarist) plagiarist according to Western standards. One book from which he copied entire paragraphs is the Russian-language edition of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Richard_King) (William Richard King) King and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_I._Cleland) (David I. Cleland) Cleland 's Strategic Planning and Policy (1978).[ 47]    Balzer wrote on the Putin thesis and Russian energy policy and concludes along with Olcott that "The primacy of the Russian state in the country's energy sector is non-negotiable", and cites the insistence on majority Russian ownership of any joint-venture, particularly since (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASF) (BASF) BASF signed the Gazprom (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nord_Stream) (Nord Stream) Nord Stream -(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuzhno-Russkoye) (Yuzhno-Russkoye) Yuzhno-Russkoye deal in 2004 with a 49–51 structure, as opposed to the older 50–50 split of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BP) (BP) BP 's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TNK-BP) (TNK-BP) TNK-BP project.[ 48]       Intelligence career  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vladimir_Putin_in_KGB_uniform_(cropped_2).jpg)   Putin in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KGB) (KGB) KGB , (circa) c.  1980   In 1975, Putin joined the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KGB) (KGB) KGB and trained at the 401st KGB School in Okhta, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leningrad_Oblast) (Leningrad Oblast) Leningrad .[ 49]    After training, he worked in the Second Chief Directorate ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counterintelligence) (Counterintelligence) counterintelligence ) before he was transferred to the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Chief_Directorate) (First Chief Directorate) First Chief Directorate , where he monitored foreigners and consular officials in Leningrad.[ 49]    [ 50]    [ 41]    In September 1984, Putin was sent to Moscow for further training at the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_of_Foreign_Intelligence) (Academy of Foreign Intelligence) Yuri Andropov Red Banner Institute .[ 51]    [ 52]    [ 53]     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Putin-Stasi-Ausweis.png)   The Stasi identity card of Vladimir Putin, who worked in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dresden) (Dresden) Dresden as a KGB liaison officer to the Stasi[ 54]      From 1985 to 1990, he served in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dresden) (Dresden) Dresden , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Germany) (East Germany) East Germany ,[ 55]    using a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cover_identity) (Cover identity) cover identity as a translator.[ 56]    While posted in Dresden, Putin served as one of the KGB's liaison officers to the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stasi) (Stasi) Stasi secret police and was reportedly promoted to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lieutenant_colonel) (Lieutenant colonel) lieutenant colonel . According to the official Kremlin presidential site, the East German (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist_Regime) (Communist Regime) communist regime commended Putin with a bronze medal for "faithful service to the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_People's_Army) (National People's Army) National People's Army ." Putin has publicly conveyed delight over his activities in Dresden, once recounting his confrontations with East Germany's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peaceful_Revolution) (Peaceful Revolution) anti-communist protestors of 1989 who attempted to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memorial_and_Education_Centre_Andreasstrasse#Occupation_of_the_Stasi_headquarters_and_prison) (Memorial and Education Centre Andreasstrasse) occupy the city's Stasi buildings .[ 54]     "Putin and his colleagues were reduced mainly to collecting (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Press_clippings) (Press clippings) press clippings , thus contributing to the mountains of useless information produced by the KGB", Russian-American (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masha_Gessen) (Masha Gessen) Masha Gessen wrote in their 2012 biography of Putin.[ 56]    His work was also downplayed by former (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stasi) (Stasi) Stasi spy chief (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markus_Wolf) (Markus Wolf) Markus Wolf and Putin's former KGB colleague Vladimir Usoltsev. Journalist (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Belton) (Catherine Belton) Catherine Belton wrote in 2020 that this downplaying was actually a cover for Putin's involvement in KGB coordination and support for the terrorist (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Army_Faction) (Red Army Faction) Red Army Faction (RAF), whose members frequently hid in East Germany with the support of the Stasi. Dresden was preferred as a "marginal" town with only a small presence of Western intelligence services.[ 57]    According to an anonymous source who claimed to be a former RAF member, at one of these meetings in Dresden, the militants presented Putin with a list of weapons that were later delivered to the RAF in West Germany. Klaus Zuchold, who claimed to be recruited by Putin, said that Putin handled a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo-Nazi) (Neo-Nazi) neo-Nazi , Rainer Sonntag, and attempted to recruit the author of a study on poisons.[ 57]    Putin reportedly met Germans to be recruited for wireless communications affairs, together with an interpreter. He was involved in wireless communications technologies in South-East Asia due to trips of German engineers, recruited by him, there and to the West.[ 41]    However, a 2023 investigation by (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der_Spiegel) (Der Spiegel) Der Spiegel  reported that the anonymous source had never been an RAF member and is "considered a notorious fabulist" with "several previous convictions, including for making false statements."[ 58]     According to Putin's official biography, during the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_the_Berlin_Wall) (Fall of the Berlin Wall) fall of the Berlin Wall that began on 9 November 1989, he saved the files of the Soviet Cultural Center (House of Friendship) and of the KGB villa in Dresden for the official authorities of the would-be united Germany to prevent demonstrators, including KGB and Stasi agents, from obtaining and destroying them. He then supposedly burnt only the KGB files, in a few hours, but saved the archives of the Soviet Cultural Center for the German authorities. Nothing is written about the selection criteria during this burning; for example, regarding Stasi files or files of other agencies of the German Democratic Republic or of the USSR. He explained that many documents were left in Germany only because the furnace burst; however, many documents of the KGB villa were sent to Moscow.[ 59]     After the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_Wende) (Die Wende) collapse of the Communist East German government , Putin was to resign from active KGB service because of suspicions aroused regarding his loyalty during demonstrations in Dresden and earlier, although the KGB and the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Ground_Forces) (Soviet Ground Forces) Soviet Army still operated in eastern Germany. He returned to Leningrad in early 1990 as a member of the "active reserves", where he worked for about three months with the International Affairs section of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Petersburg_State_University) (Saint Petersburg State University) Leningrad State University , reporting to Vice-Rector (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuriy_Molchanov) (Yuriy Molchanov) Yuriy Molchanov , while working on his doctoral dissertation.[ 41]     There, he looked for new KGB recruits, watched the student body, and renewed his friendship with his former professor, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatoly_Sobchak) (Anatoly Sobchak) Anatoly Sobchak , who was soon afterward elected the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor_of_Saint_Petersburg) (Governor of Saint Petersburg) Mayor of Leningrad . Putin said that he resigned with the rank of lieutenant colonel on 20 August 1991,[ 60]    on the second day of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_Soviet_coup_d'état_attempt) (1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt) 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt against Soviet president (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev) (Mikhail Gorbachev) Mikhail Gorbachev .[ 61]    Putin stated: "As soon as the coup began, I immediately decided which side I was on", although he said that the choice was hard because he had spent the best part of his life with "the organs".[ 62]      Political career  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main articles: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_career_of_Vladimir_Putin) (Political career of Vladimir Putin) Political career of Vladimir Putin and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin's_rise_to_power) (Vladimir Putin's rise to power) Vladimir Putin's rise to power  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Further information: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia_under_Vladimir_Putin) (Russia under Vladimir Putin) Russia under Vladimir Putin , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putinism) (Putinism) Putinism , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_speeches_given_by_Vladimir_Putin) (List of speeches given by Vladimir Putin) List of speeches given by Vladimir Putin , and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Russia) (Politics of Russia) Politics of Russia  Putin's political rise began in the Saint Petersburg administration (1990–1996), where in May 1990, he was appointed as an advisor on international affairs to Mayor (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatoly_Sobchak) (Anatoly Sobchak) Anatoly Sobchak . Shortly thereafter, in June 1991, he became the head of the Committee for External Relations of the Saint Petersburg Mayor's Office, overseeing the promotion of international ties, foreign investment, and the registration of business ventures. Though his tenure was marred by investigations from the city legislative council concerning discrepancies in asset valuation and the export of metals, Putin retained his position until 1996. During the mid-1990s, he expanded his responsibilities in Saint Petersburg, serving as first deputy head of the city administration and leading the local branch of the pro-government political party (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Our_Home_Is_Russia) (Our Home Is Russia) Our Home Is Russia , as well as participating in advisory roles with regional newspapers. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:RIAN_archive_100306_Vladimir_Putin,_Federal_Security_Service_Director.jpg)   Putin as director of the Federal Security Service (FSB), 1998.  Transitioning to the national scene in 1996, Putin was called to Moscow following the electoral defeat of Sobchak, where he assumed the role of Deputy Chief of the Presidential Property Management Department. In this capacity, he was responsible for managing the transfer of former Soviet assets to the Russian Federation. His career in Moscow advanced rapidly with his appointment in 1997 as deputy chief of the Presidential Staff and later as chief of the Main Control Directorate of the same department. A pivotal moment came in 1998 when President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Yeltsin) (Boris Yeltsin) Boris Yeltsin appointed him director of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Security_Service) (Federal Security Service) FSB , Russia's primary intelligence and security agency. In this role, Putin concentrated on reorganising and strengthening the agency after years of perceived decline, a period that would prove formative for his later approach to governance. In 1999, Putin described (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communism) (Communism) communism as "a blind alley, far away from the mainstream of civilization".[ 63]    By 1999, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gennady_Zyuganov) (Gennady Zyuganov) Zyuganov was the evident frontrunner for the first round of the pending 2000 presidential election.[ 64]    However, by the autumn of 1999, Vladimir Putin had overtaken Zyuganov as leading candidate in the polls.[ 65]     In August 1999, Putin's profile increased substantially when he was named one of the three First Deputy Prime Ministers, and later the acting Prime Minister following the dismissal of Sergei Stepashin's cabinet. Endorsed by Yeltsin as his preferred successor, Putin quickly capitalized on his law-and-order reputation and rose in popularity, winning the presidential election in March 2000 and being inaugurated on 7 May 2000. Throughout his subsequent terms, alternately serving as president and Prime Minister, Putin has overseen extensive reforms aimed at consolidating state power, restructuring federal relations, and curbing the influence of oligarchs. His tenure has been punctuated by significant foreign policy actions, including the controversial annexation of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crimea) (Crimea) Crimea in 2014, military interventions in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba'athist_Syria) (Ba'athist Syria) Syria , and ongoing involvement in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War) (Russo-Ukrainian War) Russo-Ukrainian War , including a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) (2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine) full-scale war with Ukraine since 2022.  Domestic policies  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_policy_of_Vladimir_Putin) (Domestic policy of Vladimir Putin) Domestic policy of Vladimir Putin  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   See also: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_assembly_in_Russia) (Freedom of assembly in Russia) Freedom of assembly in Russia , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_freedom_in_Russia) (Media freedom in Russia) Media freedom in Russia , and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_censorship_in_Russia) (Internet censorship in Russia) Internet censorship in Russia  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Further information: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011–2013_Russian_protests) (2011–2013 Russian protests) 2011–2013 Russian protests , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017–2018_Russian_protests) (2017–2018 Russian protests) 2017–2018 Russian protests , and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolotnaya_Square_case) (Bolotnaya Square case) Bolotnaya Square case  Putin's domestic policies, particularly early in his first presidency, were aimed at creating a vertical (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_structure) (Power structure) power structure . On 13 May 2000, he issued a decree organizing the 89 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_subjects_of_Russia) (Federal subjects of Russia) federal subjects of Russia into seven administrative (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_districts_of_Russia) (Federal districts of Russia) federal districts and appointed a presidential envoy responsible for each of those districts (whose official title is Plenipotentiary Representative).[ 66]     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Funeral_of_Boris_Yeltsin-23.jpg)   Putin (center) with his wife Ludmila and former U.S. presidents (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Clinton) (Bill Clinton) Bill Clinton and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_H._W._Bush) (George H. W. Bush) George H. W. Bush at the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Boris_Yeltsin) (Death and state funeral of Boris Yeltsin) state funeral of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Yeltsin) (Boris Yeltsin) Boris Yeltsin on 25 April 2007  According to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_K._White) (Stephen K. White) Stephen White , under the presidency of Putin, Russia made it clear that it had no intention of establishing a "second edition" of the American or British political system, but rather a system that was closer to Russia's own traditions and circumstances.[ 67]    Some commentators have described Putin's administration as a "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovereign_democracy) (Sovereign democracy) sovereign democracy ".[ 68]    [ 69]    [ 70]    According to the proponents of that description (primarily (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladislav_Surkov) (Vladislav Surkov) Vladislav Surkov ), the government's actions and policies ought above all to enjoy popular support within Russia itself and not be directed or influenced from outside the country.[ 71]     The practice of the system is characterized by Swedish economist (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anders_Åslund) (Anders Åslund) Anders Åslund as manual management, commenting: "After Putin resumed the presidency in 2012, his rule is best described as 'manual management' as the Russians like to put it. Putin does whatever he wants, with little consideration for the consequences, with one important caveat. During the Russian financial crash of August 1998, Putin learned that financial crises are politically destabilizing and must be avoided at all costs. Therefore, he cares about financial stability".[ 72]     The period after 2012 saw mass protests against the falsification of elections, censorship, and the toughening of free assembly laws. In July 2000, according to a law proposed by Putin and approved by the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Assembly_of_Russia) (Federal Assembly of Russia) Federal Assembly of Russia , Putin gained the right to dismiss the heads of the 89 federal subjects. In 2004, the direct election of those (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_current_heads_of_federal_subjects_of_Russia) (List of current heads of federal subjects of Russia) heads (usually called "governors") by popular vote was replaced with a system whereby they would be nominated by the president and approved or disapproved by regional legislatures.[ 73]    [ 74]     This was seen by Putin as a necessary move to stop separatist tendencies and get rid of those governors who were connected with organized crime.[ 75]    This and other government actions effected under Putin's presidency have been criticized by many independent Russian media outlets and Western commentators as anti-democratic.[ 76]    [ 77]     During his first term in office, Putin opposed some of the Yeltsin-era (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Business_oligarch) (Business oligarch) business oligarchs , as well as his political opponents, resulting in the exile or imprisonment of such people as (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Berezovsky_(businessman)) (Boris Berezovsky (businessman)) Boris Berezovsky , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Gusinsky) (Vladimir Gusinsky) Vladimir Gusinsky , and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Khodorkovsky) (Mikhail Khodorkovsky) Mikhail Khodorkovsky ; other oligarchs such as (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Abramovich) (Roman Abramovich) Roman Abramovich and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkady_Rotenberg) (Arkady Rotenberg) Arkady Rotenberg are friends and allies with Putin.[ 78]    Putin succeeded in codifying land law and tax law and promulgated new codes on labour, administrative, criminal, commercial, and civil procedural law.[ 79]    Under Medvedev's presidency, Putin's government implemented some key reforms in the area of state security, the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_police_reform) (Russian police reform) Russian police reform and the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_military_reform) (Russian military reform) Russian military reform .[ 80]    During Putin's rule, the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Russian_Federation) (Communist Party of the Russian Federation) Communist Party of the Russian Federation has changed from radical, civil war-threatening to a component of the "systemic opposition" with criticism rarely more than rhetorical.[ 81]      Economic, industrial, and energy policies  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   See also: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Russia) (Economy of Russia) Economy of Russia , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_policy_of_Russia) (Energy policy of Russia) Energy policy of Russia , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Recession_in_Russia) (Great Recession in Russia) Great Recession in Russia , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_financial_crisis_(2014–2016)) (Russian financial crisis (2014–2016)) Russian financial crisis (2014–2016) , and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) (Economic impact of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine) Economic impact of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey_Guriyev) (Sergey Guriyev) Sergey Guriyev , when talking about Putin's economic policy, divided it into four distinct periods: the "reform" years of his first term (1999–2003); the "statist" years of his second term (2004—the first half of 2008); the world economic crisis and recovery (the second half of 2008–2013); and the Russo-Ukrainian War, Russia's growing isolation from the global economy, and stagnation (2014–present).[ 82]     In 2000, Putin launched the "Programme for the Socio-Economic Development of the Russian Federation for the Period 2000–2010", but it was abandoned in 2008 when it was 30% complete.[ 83]    Fueled by the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000s_commodities_boom) (2000s commodities boom) 2000s commodities boom including (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_oil_market_chronology_from_2003) (World oil market chronology from 2003) record-high oil prices ,[ 11]    [ 12]    under the Putin administration from 2000 to 2016, an increase in income in USD terms was 4.5 times.[ 84]    During Putin's first eight years in office, industry grew substantially, as did production, construction, real incomes, credit, and the middle class.[ 85]    [ 86]    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stabilization_Fund_of_the_Russian_Federation) (Stabilization Fund of the Russian Federation) A fund for oil revenue allowed Russia to repay the Soviet Union's debts by 2005. Russia joined the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Trade_Organization) (World Trade Organization) World Trade Organization in August 2012.[ 87]     In 2006, Putin launched an industry consolidation programme to bring the main aircraft-producing companies under a single umbrella organization, the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Aircraft_Corporation) (United Aircraft Corporation) United Aircraft Corporation (UAC).[ 88]    [ 89]    In September 2020, the UAC general director announced that the UAC will receive the largest-ever post-Soviet government support package for the aircraft industry in order to pay and renegotiate the debt.[ 90]    [ 91]     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Russia_and_China_sign_major_gas_deal.jpeg)   Putin, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazprom) (Gazprom) Gazprom CEO (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexey_Miller) (Alexey Miller) Alexey Miller , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_National_Petroleum_Corporation) (China National Petroleum Corporation) CNPC General Manager (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhou_Jiping) (Zhou Jiping) Zhou Jiping , and Chinese President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi_Jinping) (Xi Jinping) Xi Jinping . The Russian economy is heavily dependent on the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_policy_of_Russia) (Energy policy of Russia) export of natural resources such as oil and natural gas.[ 92]      In 2014, Putin signed a deal to supply China with 38 billion cubic meters of natural gas per year. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_of_Siberia) (Power of Siberia) Power of Siberia , which Putin has called the "world's biggest construction project", was launched in 2019 and is expected to continue for 30 years at an ultimate cost to China of $400bn.[ 93]    The (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_financial_crisis_(2014–present)) (Russian financial crisis (2014–present)) ongoing financial crisis began in the second half of 2014 when the Russian ruble collapsed due to a decline in the price of oil and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_Ukrainian_crisis) (International sanctions during the Ukrainian crisis) international sanctions against Russia . These events in turn led to loss of investor confidence and capital flight, although it has also been argued that the sanctions had little to no effect on Russia's economy.[ 94]    [ 95]    [ 96]    In 2014, the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organized_Crime_and_Corruption_Reporting_Project) (Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project) Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project named Putin their Person of the Year for furthering corruption and organized crime.[ 97]    [ 98]     According to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meduza_(website)) (Meduza (website)) Meduza  , Putin has since 2007 predicted on several occasions that Russia will become one of the world's five largest economies. In 2013, he said Russia was one of the five biggest economies in terms of gross domestic product but still lagged behind other countries on indicators such as labour productivity.[ 99]    By the end of 2023, Putin planned to spend almost 40% of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_budget_of_Russia) (Federal budget of Russia) public expenditures on defense and security.[ 100]      Environmental policy  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main articles: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environment_of_Russia) (Environment of Russia) Environment of Russia , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Russia) (Environmental issues in Russia) Environmental issues in Russia , and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change_in_Russia) (Climate change in Russia) Climate change in Russia  In 2004, Putin signed the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyoto_Protocol) (Kyoto Protocol) Kyoto Protocol treaty designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.[ 101]    However, Russia did not face mandatory cuts, because the Kyoto Protocol limits emissions to a percentage increase or decrease from 1990 levels and Russia's greenhouse-gas emissions fell well below the 1990 baseline due to a drop in economic output after the breakup of the Soviet Union,[ 102]    excluding emissions from (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Land_use,_land-use_change,_and_forestry) (Land use, land-use change, and forestry) land use, land-use change and forestry (LULUCF) .[ 103]     In 2019 Russia joined the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_Agreement) (Paris Agreement) Paris Agreement .[ 104]    Russia's goal is to reach (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Net_zero) (Net zero) net zero by 2060, but (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_policy_of_Russia) (Energy policy of Russia) its energy strategy to 2035 is mostly about burning more (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_fuels) (Fossil fuels) fossil fuels .[ 105]    [ 106]    Reporting military emissions is voluntary and, as of 2024, no data is available since before the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) (2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine) 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine .[ 107]     Putin described (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change) (Climate change) climate change as a concerning fact with big consequences for Russia. Though he expressed doubt that climate change was man-made, he stated that Russia will try to reduce man-made emissions with forests and "low-emission energy", such as (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_gas_in_Russia) (Natural gas in Russia) natural gas , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_Russia) (Nuclear power in Russia) nuclear energy , and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroenergy_in_Russia) (Hydroenergy in Russia) hydroenergy . He also argued that rich countries should provide finance and technology to those with less money for lower emissions.[ 108]    Energy expert Tatiana Lanshina described his policy as "mimicry of climate policy", accusing him of turning environmentalism into a tool of political influence.[ 109]      Religious policy  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_Russia) (Religion in Russia) Religion in Russia  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vladimir_Putin_21_February_2001-2.jpg)   Putin with religious leaders of Russia, February 2001  Putin regularly attends the most important services of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church) (Russian Orthodox Church) Russian Orthodox Church on the main holy days and has established a good relationship with (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patriarchs_of_Moscow) (Patriarchs of Moscow) Patriarchs of the Russian Church, the late (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexy_II_of_Moscow) (Alexy II of Moscow) Alexy II of Moscow and the current (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirill_of_Moscow) (Kirill of Moscow) Kirill of Moscow . As president, Putin took an active personal part in promoting the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Act_of_Canonical_Communion_with_the_Moscow_Patriarchate) (Act of Canonical Communion with the Moscow Patriarchate) Act of Canonical Communion with the Moscow Patriarchate , signed 17 May 2007, which restored relations between the Moscow-based Russian Orthodox Church and the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church_Outside_Russia) (Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia) Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia after the 80-year schism.[ 110]     Under Putin, the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasidic) (Hasidic) Hasidic (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_Jewish_Communities_of_Russia) (Federation of Jewish Communities of Russia) Federation of Jewish Communities of Russia became increasingly influential within the Jewish community, partly due to the influence of Federation-supporting businessmen mediated through their alliances with Putin, notably (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev_Avnerovich_Leviev) (Lev Avnerovich Leviev) Lev Leviev and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Abramovich) (Roman Abramovich) Roman Abramovich .[ 111]    [ 112]    According to the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_Telegraphic_Agency) (Jewish Telegraphic Agency) Jewish Telegraphic Agency , Putin is popular amongst the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Jewish) (Russian Jewish) Russian Jewish community, who see him as a force for stability. Russia's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_Rabbi_of_Russia) (Chief Rabbi of Russia) chief rabbi , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berel_Lazar) (Berel Lazar) Berel Lazar , said Putin "paid great attention to the needs of our community and related to us with a deep respect".[ 113]    In 2016, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_S._Lauder) (Ronald S. Lauder) Ronald S. Lauder , the president of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Jewish_Congress) (World Jewish Congress) World Jewish Congress , also praised Putin for making Russia "a country where Jews are welcome".[ 114]     Human rights organizations and religious freedom advocates have criticized the state of religious freedom in Russia.[ 115]    In 2016, Putin oversaw the passage of legislation that prohibited missionary activity in Russia.[ 115]    Nonviolent religious minority groups have been repressed under anti-extremism laws, especially (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jehovah's_Witnesses) (Jehovah's Witnesses) Jehovah's Witnesses .[ 116]    One of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_amendments_to_the_Constitution_of_Russia) (2020 amendments to the Constitution of Russia) 2020 amendments to the Constitution of Russia directly refers to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitutional_references_to_God) (Constitutional references to God) belief in God .[ 117]      Military development  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Russian_military_reform) (2008 Russian military reform) 2008 Russian military reform  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vostok-2018_military_manoeuvres_(2018-09-13)_23.jpg)   Putin with Russia's long-serving Defense Minister (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei_Shoigu) (Sergei Shoigu) Sergei Shoigu (left) and Chief of the General Staff (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valery_Gerasimov) (Valery Gerasimov) Valery Gerasimov at the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vostok_2018) (Vostok 2018) Vostok 2018 military exercise  The resumption of long-distance flights of Russia's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategic_bomber) (Strategic bomber) strategic bombers was followed by the announcement by Russian defense minister (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatoliy_Serdyukov) (Anatoliy Serdyukov) Anatoliy Serdyukov during his meeting with Putin on 5 December 2007, that 11 ships, including the aircraft carrier (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_aircraft_carrier_Admiral_Kuznetsov) (Russian aircraft carrier Admiral Kuznetsov) Kuznetsov  , would take part in the first major navy sortie into the Mediterranean since Soviet times.[ 118]    [ 119]     Key elements of the reform included reducing the armed forces to a strength of one million, reducing the number of officers, centralizing officer training from 65 military schools into 10 systemic military training centers, creating a professional (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-commissioned_officer) (Non-commissioned officer) NCO corps, reducing the size of the central command, introducing more civilian logistics and auxiliary staff, elimination of cadre-strength formations, reorganizing the reserves, reorganizing the army into a brigade system, and reorganizing air forces into an airbase system instead of regiments.[ 120]     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:№_3009_А.И._Старчков.jpg)   Russian postage stamp honoring a soldier killed in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) (2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine) 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine   According to the Kremlin, Putin embarked on a build-up of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction#Nuclear_weapons) (Russia and weapons of mass destruction) Russia's nuclear capabilities because of U.S. president (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W._Bush) (George W. Bush) George W. Bush 's unilateral decision to withdraw from the 1972 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Ballistic_Missile_Treaty) (Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty) Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty .[ 121]    To counter what Putin sees as the United States' goal of undermining Russia's strategic nuclear deterrent, Moscow has embarked on a program to develop new weapons capable of defeating any new American ballistic missile defense or interception system. Some analysts believe that this nuclear strategy under Putin has brought Russia into violation of the 1987 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermediate-Range_Nuclear_Forces_Treaty) (Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty) Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty .[ 122]     Accordingly, U.S. President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump) (Donald Trump) Donald Trump announced the U.S. would no longer consider itself bound by the treaty's provisions, raising nuclear tensions between the two powers.[ 122]    This prompted Putin to state that Russia would not launch first in a nuclear conflict but that "an aggressor should know that vengeance is inevitable, that he will be annihilated, and we would be the victims of the aggression. We will go to heaven as martyrs".[ 123]     Putin has also sought to increase Russian territorial claims in the Arctic and its military presence there. In August 2007, Russian expedition (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arktika_2007) (Arktika 2007) Arktika 2007 , part of research related to the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continental_shelf_of_Russia#2001_extension_claim) (Continental shelf of Russia) 2001 Russian territorial extension claim , planted a flag on the seabed at the North Pole.[ 124]    Both Russian submarines and troops deployed in the Arctic have been increasing.[ 125]    [ 126]      Human rights policy  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights_in_Russia) (Human rights in Russia) Human rights in Russia  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   See also: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dima_Yakovlev_Law) (Dima Yakovlev Law) Dima Yakovlev Law , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_foreign_agent_law) (Russian foreign agent law) Russian foreign agent law , and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Internet_Restriction_Bill) (Russian Internet Restriction Bill) Russian Internet Restriction Bill  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sun_in_the_flags_of_protesters_(50096710531).jpg)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opposition_to_Vladimir_Putin_in_Russia) (Opposition to Vladimir Putin in Russia) Russian opposition politician (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexei_Navalny) (Alexei Navalny) Alexei Navalny attends a march in memory of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination_of_Boris_Nemtsov) (Assassination of Boris Nemtsov) assassinated opposition politician (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Nemtsov) (Boris Nemtsov) Boris Nemtsov , Moscow, 29 February 2020  New York City–based NGO (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch) (Human Rights Watch) Human Rights Watch , in a report titled Laws of Attrition , authored by Hugh Williamson, the British director of HRW's Europe & Central Asia Division, has claimed that since May 2012, when Putin was reelected as president, Russia has enacted many restrictive laws, started inspections of non-governmental organizations, harassed, intimidated and imprisoned political activists, and started to restrict critics. The new laws include the "foreign agents" law, which is widely regarded as overbroad by including Russian human rights organizations that receive some international grant funding, the treason law, and the assembly law, which penalizes many expressions of dissent.[ 127]    [ 128]    Human rights activists have criticized Russia for censoring speech of LGBT activists due to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_gay_propaganda_law) (Russian gay propaganda law) "the gay propaganda law" [ 129]    and increasing violence against LGBT+ people due to the law.[ 130]    [ 131]    [ 132]     In 2020, Putin signed a law on labelling individuals and organizations receiving funding from abroad as "foreign agents". The law is an expansion of "foreign agent" legislation adopted in 2012.[ 133]    [ 134]     As of June 2020, per the Memorial Human Rights Center, there were 380 political prisoners in Russia, including 63 individuals prosecuted, directly or indirectly, for political activities (including Alexey Navalny) and 245 prosecuted for their involvement with one of the Muslim organizations that are banned in Russia. 78 individuals on the list, i.e., more than 20% of the total, are residents of Crimea.[ 135]    [ 136]    As of December 2022, more than 4,000 people were prosecuted for criticizing the war in Ukraine under Russia's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_2022_war_censorship_laws) (Russian 2022 war censorship laws) war censorship laws .[ 137]      The media  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   See also: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_media_in_Russia) (Mass media in Russia) Mass media in Russia , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_freedom_in_Russia) (Media freedom in Russia) Media freedom in Russia , and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propaganda_in_Russia) (Propaganda in Russia) Propaganda in Russia  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Interview_with_Vladimir_Putin_to_Tucker_Carlson_(2024-02-06)_04.jpg)   Putin (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tucker_Carlson's_interview_with_Vladimir_Putin) (Tucker Carlson's interview with Vladimir Putin) being interviewed by (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tucker_Carlson) (Tucker Carlson) Tucker Carlson on 6 February 2024  Scott Gehlbach, a professor of Political Science at the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin–Madison) (University of Wisconsin–Madison) University of Wisconsin–Madison , has claimed that since 1999, Putin has systematically punished journalists who challenge his official point of view.[ 138]    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Lipman) (Maria Lipman) Maria Lipman , an American writing in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_Affairs) (Foreign Affairs) Foreign Affairs  claims, "The crackdown that followed Putin's return to the Kremlin in 2012 extended to the liberal media, which had until then been allowed to operate fairly independently".[ 139]    The Internet has attracted Putin's attention because his critics have tried to use it to challenge his control of information.[ 140]    Marian K. Leighton, who worked for the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIA) (CIA) CIA as a Soviet analyst in the 1980s, says, "Having muzzled Russia's print and broadcast media, Putin focused his energies on the Internet."[ 141]     Robert W. Orttung and Christopher Walker reported that "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reporters_Without_Borders) (Reporters Without Borders) Reporters Without Borders , for instance, ranked Russia 148 in its 2013 list of 179 countries in terms of freedom of the press. It particularly criticized Russia for the crackdown on the political opposition and the failure of the authorities to vigorously pursue and bring to justice criminals who have murdered journalists. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_House) (Freedom House) Freedom House ranks Russian media as "not free", indicating that basic safeguards and guarantees for journalists and media enterprises are absent.[ 142]    About two-thirds of Russians use television as their primary source of daily news,[ 143]    while around 85% of Russians get most of their information from Russian state media.[ 144]     In the early 2000s, Putin and his circle began promoting the idea in Russian media that they are the modern-day version of the 17th-century (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Romanov) (House of Romanov) Romanov tsars who ended Russia's "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_of_Troubles) (Time of Troubles) Time of Troubles ", meaning they claim to be the peacemakers and stabilizers after the fall of the Soviet Union.[ 145]    Since the 2022 Ukraine invasion, Putin has (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tucker_Carlson's_interview_with_Vladimir_Putin) (Tucker Carlson's interview with Vladimir Putin) only once granted an interview to a Western journalist, namely (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tucker_Carlson) (Tucker Carlson) Tucker Carlson in February 2024.[ 146]      Promoting conservatism  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330)   Part of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Conservatism_in_Russia) (Category:Conservatism in Russia) a series on  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservatism_in_Russia) (Conservatism in Russia) Conservatism in Russia    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Russian_Conservatism_Flags_Symbol.svg)      Ideologies (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Dugin#Ideology) (Aleksandr Dugin) Duginism  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasianism) (Eurasianism) Eurasianism  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_conservatism) (Liberal conservatism) Liberal  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchism_in_Russia) (Monarchism in Russia) Monarchism (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsarist_autocracy) (Tsarist autocracy) Tsarism    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right-wing_populism) (Right-wing populism) Populist  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putinism) (Putinism) Putinism  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditionalist_conservatism#Europe) (Traditionalist conservatism) Traditionalist  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_positions_of_Vladimir_Zhirinovsky) (Political positions of Vladimir Zhirinovsky) Zhirinovskyism       Principles (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Authority) (Authority) Authority  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_autocracy) (Russian autocracy) Autocracy  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bureaucracy#Russia) (Bureaucracy) Bureaucracy  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantinism#Praise) (Byzantinism) Byzantinism  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duty) (Duty) Duty  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familialism#Russia) (Familialism) Familialism  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_imperialism) (Russian imperialism) Imperialism  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_irredentism) (Russian irredentism) Irredentism  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_and_order_(politics)) (Law and order (politics)) Law and order  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church) (Russian Orthodox Church) Orthodox values  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_nationalism) (Russian nationalism) Nationalism (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-Russian_nation) (All-Russian nation) All-Russian  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_nationalism#Russia) (Christian nationalism) Christian  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_Orthodoxy) (Nuclear Orthodoxy) Nuclear Orthodoxy  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_nationalism#Russia) (State nationalism) State  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultranationalism) (Ultranationalism) Ultra    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Market_intervention) (Market intervention) Market intervention  "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow,_third_Rome) (Moscow, third Rome) Moscow, third Rome " (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patriotism) (Patriotism) Patriotism  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reactionary) (Reactionary) Reactionary  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Russia) (Culture of Russia) Russian culture  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russification) (Russification) Russification  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavophilia) (Slavophilia) Slavophilia  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sobornost) (Sobornost) Sobornost   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_stratification) (Social stratification) Social stratification  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_order) (Social order) Social order  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovereign_democracy) (Sovereign democracy) Sovereign democracy  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statism) (Statism) Statism       History (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Russia) (Great Russia) Great Russia  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Empire) (Russian Empire) Russian Empire  "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthodoxy,_Autocracy,_and_Nationality) (Orthodoxy, Autocracy, and Nationality) Orthodoxy, Autocracy, and Nationality " (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zemstvo) (Zemstvo) Zemstvo  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pochvennichestvo) (Pochvennichestvo) Pochvennichestvo   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Hundreds) (Black Hundreds) Black Hundreds  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_movement) (White movement) White movement (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Army) (White Army) White Army  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_émigré) (White émigré) White émigré    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia_under_Vladimir_Putin) (Russia under Vladimir Putin) Russia under Vladimir Putin       Activists (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor_Girkin) (Igor Girkin) Girkin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavel_Gubarev) (Pavel Gubarev) Gubarev  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaman_(singer)) (Shaman (singer)) Dronov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantin_Krylov) (Konstantin Krylov) Krylov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Kvachkov) (Vladimir Kvachkov) Kvachkov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantin_Malofeev) (Konstantin Malofeev) Malofeev  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekaterina_Mizulina) (Ekaterina Mizulina) Mizulina (Ekaterina)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yury_Mukhin_(activist)) (Yury Mukhin (activist)) Mukhin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexei_Navalny) (Alexei Navalny) Navalny (early)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Okhlobystin) (Ivan Okhlobystin) Okhlobystin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Potkin) (Alexander Potkin) Potkin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Sterligov) (German Sterligov) Sterligov       Commentators (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Boot) (Alexander Boot) Boot  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darya_Dugina) (Darya Dugina) Dugina  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tina_Kandelaki) (Tina Kandelaki) Kandelaki  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tigran_Keosayan) (Tigran Keosayan) Keosayan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yegor_Kholmogorov) (Yegor Kholmogorov) Kholmogorov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dmitry_Kiselyov) (Dmitry Kiselyov) Kiselyov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Kots_(journalist)) (Alexander Kots (journalist)) Kots  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anton_Krasovsky) (Anton Krasovsky) Krasovsky  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikita_Mikhalkov) (Nikita Mikhalkov) Mikhalkov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natalya_Narochnitskaya) (Natalya Narochnitskaya) Narochnitskaya  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semyon_Pegov) (Semyon Pegov) Pegov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yevgeny_Poddubny) (Yevgeny Poddubny) Poddubny  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yevgeny_Popov_(journalist)) (Yevgeny Popov (journalist)) Popov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egor_Prosvirnin) (Egor Prosvirnin) Prosvirnin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dmitry_Puchkov) (Dmitry Puchkov) Puchkov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artyom_Sheynin) (Artyom Sheynin) Sheynin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margarita_Simonyan) (Margarita Simonyan) Simonyan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olga_Skabeyeva) (Olga Skabeyeva) Skabeyeva  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valery_Solovei) (Valery Solovei) Solovei  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Solovyov_(TV_presenter)) (Vladimir Solovyov (TV presenter)) Solovyov (Vladimir)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladlen_Tatarsky) (Vladlen Tatarsky) Tatarsky       Intellectuals (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Aksakov) (Ivan Aksakov) Aksakov (Ivan)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantin_Aksakov) (Konstantin Aksakov) Aksakov (Konstantin)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elena_Chudinova) (Elena Chudinova) Chudinova  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Dal) (Vladimir Dal) Dal  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolay_Danilevsky) (Nikolay Danilevsky) Danilevsky  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyodor_Dostoevsky) (Fyodor Dostoevsky) Dostoevsky (Fyodor)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Dostoevsky) (Mikhail Dostoevsky) Dostoevsky (Mikhail)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Dugin) (Aleksandr Dugin) Dugin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elias_Nozdrin) (Elias Nozdrin) Elias  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dmitry_Galkovsky) (Dmitry Galkovsky) Galkovsky  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollon_Grigoryev) (Apollon Grigoryev) Grigoryev  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Hilferding) (Alexander Hilferding) Hilferding  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Ilyin) (Ivan Ilyin) Ilyin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_of_Kronstadt) (John of Kronstadt) John  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey_Karaganov) (Sergey Karaganov) Karaganov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolay_Karamzin) (Nikolay Karamzin) Karamzin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Katkov) (Mikhail Katkov) Katkov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksey_Khomyakov) (Aleksey Khomyakov) Khomyakov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Kireyevsky) (Ivan Kireyevsky) Kireyevsky  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patriarch_Kirill_of_Moscow) (Patriarch Kirill of Moscow) Kirill  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Koshelev) (Alexander Koshelev) Koshelev  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantin_Krylov) (Konstantin Krylov) Krylov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey_Kurginyan) (Sergey Kurginyan) Kurginyan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantin_Leontiev) (Konstantin Leontiev) Leontiev  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_von_Lilienfeld) (Paul von Lilienfeld) von Lilienfeld  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serge_Obolensky) (Serge Obolensky) Obolensky  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantin_Pobedonostsev) (Konstantin Pobedonostsev) Pobedonostsev  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Prokhanov) (Alexander Prokhanov) Prokhanov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valentin_Rasputin) (Valentin Rasputin) Rasputin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasily_Rozanov) (Vasily Rozanov) Rozanov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Samarin) (Yuri Samarin) Samarin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyotr_Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky) (Pyotr Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky) Semyonov-Tyan-Shansky  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor_Shafarevich) (Igor Shafarevich) Shafarevich  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Shcherbatov) (Mikhail Shcherbatov) Shcherbatov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stepan_Shevyryov) (Stepan Shevyryov) Shevyryov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey_Solovyov_(historian)) (Sergey Solovyov (historian)) Solovyov (Sergey)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Solovyov_(philosopher)) (Vladimir Solovyov (philosopher)) Solovyov (Vladimir)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Solzhenitsyn) (Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn) Solzhenitsyn  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitirim_Sorokin) (Pitirim Sorokin) Sorokin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolay_Strakhov) (Nikolay Strakhov) Strakhov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladislav_Surkov) (Vladislav Surkov) Surkov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrei_Tarkovsky) (Andrei Tarkovsky) Tarkovsky  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev_Tikhomirov) (Lev Tikhomirov) Tikhomirov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tikhon_(Shevkunov)) (Tikhon (Shevkunov)) Tikhon  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei_Nikolaevich_Trubetskoy) (Sergei Nikolaevich Trubetskoy) Trubetskoy  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey_Uvarov) (Sergey Uvarov) Uvarov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey_Vikulov) (Sergey Vikulov) Vikulov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyotr_Wrangel) (Pyotr Wrangel) von Wrangel  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolay_Yazykov) (Nikolay Yazykov) Yazykov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Yuryev) (Mikhail Yuryev) Yuryev  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasily_Zhukovsky) (Vasily Zhukovsky) Zhukovsky       Politicians (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_I_of_Russia) (Alexander I of Russia) Alexander I  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_III_of_Russia) (Alexander III of Russia) Alexander III  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Alksnis) (Viktor Alksnis) Alksnis  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey_Baburin) (Sergey Baburin) Baburin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai_Burlyayev) (Nikolai Burlyayev) Burlyayev  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Butina) (Maria Butina) Butina  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Dubrovin) (Alexander Dubrovin) Dubrovin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Durnovo) (Ivan Durnovo) Durnovo  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgy_Filimonov) (Georgy Filimonov) Filimonov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei_Furgal) (Sergei Furgal) Furgal  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yevgeny_Fyodorov_(politician)) (Yevgeny Fyodorov (politician)) Fyodorov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Gerashchenko) (Viktor Gerashchenko) Gerashchenko  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey_Glazyev) (Sergey Glazyev) Glazyev  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanislav_Govorukhin) (Stanislav Govorukhin) Govorukhin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Gryzlov) (Boris Gryzlov) Gryzlov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Kolchak) (Alexander Kolchak) Kolchak  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lavr_Kornilov) (Lavr Kornilov) Kornilov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_von_Lilienfeld) (Paul von Lilienfeld) von Lilienfeld  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yury_Luzhkov) (Yury Luzhkov) Luzhkov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Makashov) (Albert Makashov) Makashov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oleg_Malyshkin) (Oleg Malyshkin) Malyshkin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Medinsky) (Vladimir Medinsky) Medinsky  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev) (Dmitry Medvedev) Medvedev  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitaly_Milonov) (Vitaly Milonov) Milonov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yelena_Mizulina) (Yelena Mizulina) Mizulina (Yelena)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_I_of_Russia) (Nicholas I of Russia) Nicholas I  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_II) (Nicholas II) Nicholas II  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dmitry_Pikhno) (Dmitry Pikhno) Pikhno  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantin_Pobedonostsev) (Konstantin Pobedonostsev) Pobedonostsev  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) Putin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Rodzianko) (Mikhail Rodzianko) Rodzianko  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dmitry_Rogozin) (Dmitry Rogozin) Rogozin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyodor_Rostopchin) (Fyodor Rostopchin) Rostopchin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Rutskoy) (Alexander Rutskoy) Rutskoy  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Sadovnichiy) (Viktor Sadovnichiy) Sadovnichiy  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgy_Shpak) (Georgy Shpak) Shpak  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasily_Shulgin) (Vasily Shulgin) Shulgin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yury_Skokov) (Yury Skokov) Skokov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonid_Slutsky_(politician)) (Leonid Slutsky (politician)) Slutsky  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyotr_Stolypin) (Pyotr Stolypin) Stolypin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladislav_Surkov) (Vladislav Surkov) Surkov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dmitry_Tolstoy) (Dmitry Tolstoy) Tolstoy (Dmitry)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyotr_Tolstoy_(politician)) (Pyotr Tolstoy (politician)) Tolstoy (Pyotr)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyodor_Tyutchev) (Fyodor Tyutchev) Tyutchev  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_von_Ungern-Sternberg) (Roman von Ungern-Sternberg) von Ungern  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey_Uvarov) (Sergey Uvarov) Uvarov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valentin_Varennikov) (Valentin Varennikov) Varennikov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Duke_Vladimir_Alexandrovich_of_Russia) (Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich of Russia) Vladimir  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vyacheslav_Volodin) (Vyacheslav Volodin) Volodin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei_Witte) (Sergei Witte) Witte  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Yuryev) (Mikhail Yuryev) Yuryev  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Zhirinovsky) (Vladimir Zhirinovsky) Zhirinovsky  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksey_Zhuravlyov_(politician)) (Aleksey Zhuravlyov (politician)) Zhuravlyov       Literature (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Petersburg_Dialogues) (St Petersburg Dialogues) St Petersburg Dialogues  (1821)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Organic_Theory_of_Societies) (The Organic Theory of Societies) The Organic Theory of Societies  (1873)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociology_of_Revolution) (Sociology of Revolution) Sociology of Revolution  (1925)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Gulag_Archipelago) (The Gulag Archipelago) The Gulag Archipelago  (1973)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foundations_of_Geopolitics) (Foundations of Geopolitics) Foundations of Geopolitics  (1997)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Notre_Dame_de_Paris_Mosque) (The Notre Dame de Paris Mosque) The Notre Dame de Paris Mosque  (2005)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Fourth_Political_Theory) (The Fourth Political Theory) The Fourth Political Theory  (2009)       Parties Active  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civic_Platform_(Russia)) (Civic Platform (Russia)) Civic Platform  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Russia) (Democratic Party of Russia) Democratic Party of Russia  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasia_Party) (Eurasia Party) Eurasia Party  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Russia_(political_party)) (Great Russia (political party)) Great Russia  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_of_Russia) (Liberal Democratic Party of Russia) Liberal Democratic Party of Russia  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchist_Party_of_Russia) (Monarchist Party of Russia) Monarchist Party of Russia  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodina_(political_party)) (Rodina (political party)) Rodina  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_All-People's_Union) (Russian All-People's Union) Russian All-People's Union  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_of_Right_Forces) (Union of Right Forces) Union of Right Forces  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Russia) (United Russia) United Russia   Defunct  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Assembly) (Russian Assembly) Russian Assembly  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civic_Initiative_(Russia)) (Civic Initiative (Russia)) Civic Initiative  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Choice_of_Russia) (Democratic Choice of Russia) Democratic Choice of Russia  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/For_Truth) (For Truth) For Truth  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union) (Liberal Democratic Party of the Soviet Union) Liberal Democratic Party of the Soviet Union  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Republican_Party_of_Russia) (National Republican Party of Russia) National Republican Party of Russia  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Socialist_Russian_Workers'_Party) (National Socialist Russian Workers' Party) National Socialist Russian Workers' Party  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamyat) (Pamyat) Pamyat   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People's_Union_(Russia)) (People's Union (Russia)) People's Union  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_of_October_17) (Union of October 17) Union of October 17  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_of_the_Russian_People) (Union of the Russian People) Union of the Russian People       Organisations (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-Russia_People's_Front) (All-Russia People's Front) All-Russia People's Front  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Club_of_Angry_Patriots) (Club of Angry Patriots) Club of Angry Patriots  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congress_of_Russian_Communities) (Congress of Russian Communities) Congress of Russian Communities  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decommunization_(Russian_political_movement)) (Decommunization (Russian political movement)) Decommunization  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Format18) (Format18) Format18  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front_of_National_Revolutionary_Action) (Front of National Revolutionary Action) Front of National Revolutionary Action  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izborsky_Club) (Izborsky Club) Izborsky Club  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krepostniki) (Krepostniki) Krepostniki  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Male_State) (Male State) Male State  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movement_Against_Illegal_Immigration) (Movement Against Illegal Immigration) Movement Against Illegal Immigration  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nation_and_Freedom_Committee) (Nation and Freedom Committee) Nation and Freedom Committee  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Alliance_of_Russian_Solidarists) (National Alliance of Russian Solidarists) National Alliance of Russian Solidarists  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Democratic_Alliance_(Russia)) (National Democratic Alliance (Russia)) National Democratic Alliance  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Russian_Liberation_Movement) (National Russian Liberation Movement) National Russian Liberation Movement  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Brotherhood) (Northern Brotherhood) Northern Brotherhood  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Man) (Northern Man) Northern Man  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oprichny_Dvor_(organization)) (Oprichny Dvor (organization)) Oprichny Dvor   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People's_Militia_named_after_Minin_and_Pozharsky) (People's Militia named after Minin and Pozharsky) People's Militia named after Minin and Pozharsky  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popular_Resistance_Association) (Popular Resistance Association) Popular Resistance Association  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right_Bloc_(Russia)) (Right Bloc (Russia)) Right Bloc  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusich_Group) (Rusich Group) Rusich Group  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_All_National_Popular_State_Movement) (Russian All National Popular State Movement) Russian All National Popular State Movement  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_All-National_Union) (Russian All-National Union) Russian All-National Union  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Community) (Russian Community) Russian Community  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russians_(organization)) (Russians (organization)) Russians  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Volunteer_Corps) (Russian Volunteer Corps) Russian Volunteer Corps  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavic_Union_(Russia)) (Slavic Union (Russia)) Slavic Union  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society.Future) (Society.Future) Society.Future  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_of_Orthodox_Banner-Bearers) (Union of Orthodox Banner-Bearers) Union of Orthodox Banner-Bearers  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_of_the_Russian_People_(2005)) (Union of the Russian People (2005)) Union of the Russian People       Media Active  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nash_Sovremennik) (Nash Sovremennik) Nash Sovremennik   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsargrad_TV) (Tsargrad TV) Tsargrad TV   Defunct  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementy) (Elementy) Elementy   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kievlyanin) (Kievlyanin) Kievlyanin   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozma_Minin_(newspaper)) (Kozma Minin (newspaper)) Kozma Minin   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russkoye_Znamya) (Russkoye Znamya) Russkoye Znamya   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Znamya_(newspaper)) (Znamya (newspaper)) Znamya        Related topics (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-communism) (Anti-communism) Anti-communism  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-socialism) (Anti-socialism) Anti-socialism  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Islamism) (Anti-Islamism) Anti-Islamism  Anti-national sentiments (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-American_sentiment_in_Russia) (Anti-American sentiment in Russia) American  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Chechen_sentiment) (Anti-Chechen sentiment) Chechen  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Russia) (Antisemitism in Russia) Jew  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Polish_sentiment) (Anti-Polish sentiment) Polish  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Romanian_sentiment#Modern-day_Russia) (Anti-Romanian sentiment) Romanian  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatarophobia#Russia) (Tatarophobia) Tatar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Turkish_sentiment#Russia) (Anti-Turkish sentiment) Turkish  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Ukrainian_sentiment#Russia) (Anti-Ukrainian sentiment) Ukrainian    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Russia#Viewpoints_of_political_parties) (LGBTQ rights in Russia) Opposition to LGBTQ rights  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Russia) (Politics of Russia) Politics of Russia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberalism_in_Russia) (Liberalism in Russia) Liberalism    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia_for_Russians) (Russia for Russians) Russia for Russians  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serfdom_in_Russia) (Serfdom in Russia) Serfdom in Russia  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silovik) (Silovik) Silovik   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsarist_bureaucracy) (Tsarist bureaucracy) Tsarist bureaucracy       ()     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Conservatism) (Portal:Conservatism) Conservatism portal  (flag)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Russia) (Portal:Russia) Russia portal     (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Conservatism_in_Russia) (Template:Conservatism in Russia) (View this template) v   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Conservatism_in_Russia) (Template talk:Conservatism in Russia) (Discuss this template) t   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Conservatism_in_Russia) (Special:EditPage/Template:Conservatism in Russia) (Edit this template) e         (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vladimir_Putin_in_Pokrova_Church_(Turginovo)_03.jpg)   Putin attends the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmas_in_Russia) (Christmas in Russia) Orthodox Christmas service in the village of Turginovo in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalininsky_District,_Tver_Oblast) (Kalininsky District, Tver Oblast) Kalininsky District , Tver Oblast, 7 January 2016  Putin has promoted explicitly conservative policies in social, cultural, and political matters, both at home and abroad. Putin has attacked (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globalism) (Globalism) globalism and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoliberalism) (Neoliberalism) neoliberalism and is identified by scholars with (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_conservatism) (Russian conservatism) Russian conservatism .[ 147]    Putin has promoted new think tanks that bring together like-minded intellectuals and writers. For example, the Izborsky Club, founded in 2012 by the conservative right-wing journalist (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Prokhanov) (Alexander Prokhanov) Alexander Prokhanov , stresses (i) Russian nationalism, (ii) the restoration of Russia's historical greatness, and (iii) systematic opposition to liberal ideas and policies.[ 148]    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladislav_Surkov) (Vladislav Surkov) Vladislav Surkov , a senior government official, has been one of the key economic consultants during Putin's presidency.[ 149]    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonid_Bershidsky) (Leonid Bershidsky) Leonid Bershidsky analyzed Putin's interview with the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_Times) (Financial Times) Financial Times  and concluded, "Putin is an imperialist of the old Soviet school, rather than a nationalist or a racist, and he has cooperated with, and promoted, people who are known to be gay".[ 150]     In cultural and social affairs, Putin has collaborated closely with the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church) (Russian Orthodox Church) Russian Orthodox Church . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patriarch_Kirill_of_Moscow) (Patriarch Kirill of Moscow) Patriarch Kirill of Moscow , head of the Church, endorsed his election in 2012 stating Putin's terms were like "a miracle of God".[ 151]    Steven Myers reports, "The church, once heavily repressed, had emerged from the Soviet collapse as one of the most respected ... Now Kiril led the faithful directly into an alliance with the state".[ 152]     Mark Woods, a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baptists_Together) (Baptists Together) Baptist Union of Great Britain minister and contributing editor to Christian Today , provides specific examples of how the Church has backed the expansion of Russian power into Crimea and eastern Ukraine.[ 153]    Some Russian Orthodox believers consider Putin a corrupt and brutal strongman or even a tyrant. Others do not admire him but appreciate that he aggravates their political opponents. Still others appreciate that Putin defends some although not all Orthodox teachings, whether he believes in them himself.[ 154]     On abortion, Putin stated: "In the modern world, the decision is up to the woman herself".[ 155]    This put him at odds with the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church) (Russian Orthodox Church) Russian Orthodox Church .[ 156]    In 2020, he supported efforts to reduce the number of abortions instead of prohibiting it.[ 157]    On 28 November 2023, during a speech to the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Russian_People's_Council) (World Russian People's Council) World Russian People's Council , Putin urged Russian women to have "seven, eight, or even more children" and said "large families must become the norm, a way of life for all of Russia's people".[ 158]     Putin supported the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Russian_constitutional_referendum) (2020 Russian constitutional referendum) 2020 Russian constitutional referendum , which passed and defined marriage as a relationship between one man and one woman in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Russia) (Constitution of Russia) Constitution of Russia .[ 159]    [ 160]    [ 161]      International sporting events  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kylian_Mbappé_receives_the_best_young_player_award_at_the_2018_Football_World_Cup_Russia.jpg)   Putin, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIFA) (FIFA) FIFA president (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gianni_Infantino) (Gianni Infantino) Gianni Infantino , French president (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron) (Emmanuel Macron) Emmanuel Macron and Croatian former president (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolinda_Grabar-Kitarović) (Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović) Kolinda Grabar-Kitarović at the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_FIFA_World_Cup_Final) (2018 FIFA World Cup Final) 2018 FIFA World Cup Final in Russia, as French forward (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kylian_Mbappé) (Kylian Mbappé) Kylian Mbappé receives the best young player award  In 2007, Putin led a successful effort on behalf of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sochi) (Sochi) Sochi for the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Winter_Olympics) (2014 Winter Olympics) 2014 Winter Olympics and the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Winter_Paralympics) (2014 Winter Paralympics) 2014 Winter Paralympics ,[ 162]    the first (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winter_Olympic_Games) (Winter Olympic Games) Winter Olympic Games to ever be hosted by Russia. In 2008, the city of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazan) (Kazan) Kazan won the bid for the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_Summer_Universiade) (2013 Summer Universiade) 2013 Summer Universiade ; on 2 December 2010, Russia won the right to host the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_FIFA_Confederations_Cup) (2017 FIFA Confederations Cup) 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_FIFA_World_Cup) (2018 FIFA World Cup) 2018 FIFA World Cup , also for the first time in Russian history. In 2013, Putin stated that gay athletes would not face any discrimination at the 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics.[ 163]       Foreign policy  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_Vladimir_Putin) (Foreign policy of Vladimir Putin) Foreign policy of Vladimir Putin  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   See also: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Russia) (Foreign relations of Russia) Foreign relations of Russia and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Vladimir_Putin) (List of international presidential trips made by Vladimir Putin) List of international presidential trips made by Vladimir Putin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:World_leaders_attending_the_2025_China_Victory_Day_Parade_(2).jpg)   Putin together with North Korean leader (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Jong_Un) (Kim Jong Un) Kim Jong Un , Chinese leader (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi_Jinping) (Xi Jinping) Xi Jinping , and Pakistani Prime Minister (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shehbaz_Sharif) (Shehbaz Sharif) Shehbaz Sharif during the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_China_Victory_Day_Parade) (2025 China Victory Day Parade) 2025 China Victory Day Parade   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vladimir_Putin_in_the_United_States_13-16_November_2001-22.jpg)   Putin's visit to the United States, November 2001  Generally, Putin's tenure experienced tensions with the West,[ 164]    [ 165]    as well as stronger relations with China.[ 166]    (Page: 499) :  499   Anna Borshchevskaya, in her 2022 book, summarizes Putin's main foreign policy objectives as originating in his 30 December 1999 document, which appeared on the government's website, "Russia at the Turn of the Millennium".[ 167]    She presents Putin as orienting himself to the plan that "Russia is a country with unique values in danger of losing its unity –  which... is a historic Russian fear. This again points to the fundamental issue of Russia's identity issues –  and how the state had manipulated these to drive anti-Western security narratives to erode the US-led global order... Moreover, a look at Russia's distribution of forces over the years under Putin has been heavily weighted towards the south (Syria, Ukraine, Middle East), another indicator of the Kremlin's threat perceptions".[ 168]    [ 169]     Putin spoke favorably of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence) (Artificial intelligence) artificial intelligence regarding foreign policy, "Artificial intelligence is the future, not only for Russia, but for all humankind. It comes with colossal opportunities, but also threats that are difficult to predict. Whoever becomes the leader in this sphere will become the ruler of the world".[ 170]     Asia-Pacific  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   See also: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India–Russia_relations) (India–Russia relations) India–Russia relations and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation) (Shanghai Cooperation Organisation) Shanghai Cooperation Organisation  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Prime_Minister_Narendra_Modi_with_President_Vladimir_Putin_at_Hyderabad_House_on_5_December_2025_(1).jpg) (Putin with Indian Prime Minister Modi in New Delhi)   Putin with Indian Prime Minister (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi) (Narendra Modi) Narendra Modi in New Delhi, India, 5 December 2025  In 2012, Putin wrote an article in Indian newspaper (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hindu) (The Hindu) The Hindu  , saying: "The Declaration on Strategic Partnership between India and Russia signed in October 2000 became a truly historic step".[ 171]    [ 172]    India remains the largest customer of Russian military equipment, and the two countries share a historically strong (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India–Russia_relations) (India–Russia relations) strategic and diplomatic relationship .[ 173]    In October 2022, Putin described India and China as "close allies and partners".[ 174]    Under Putin, Russia has maintained positive relations with the Asian states of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation) (Shanghai Cooperation Organisation) SCO and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BRICS) (BRICS) BRICS , which include China, India, Pakistan, and post-Soviet states of Central Asia.[ 175]    [ 176]     Putin and Prime Minister (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shinzo_Abe) (Shinzo Abe) Shinzo Abe frequently met each other to discuss the Japan–Russia territorial disputes. Putin also voiced his willingness to construct a rail bridge between the two countries.[ 177]    Despite numerous meetings, no agreement was signed before Abe's resignation in 2020.[ 178]    [ 179]    Putin also made the first Russian or Soviet leader to visit North Korea, meeting (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Jong_Il) (Kim Jong Il) Kim Jong Il in July 2000, shortly after a visit to South Korea.[ 180]     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SCO_meeting_(2022-09-16).jpg)   Putin with Chinese president (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi_Jinping) (Xi Jinping) Xi Jinping and other leaders at the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation) (Shanghai Cooperation Organisation) Shanghai Cooperation Organisation summit in Uzbekistan on 16 September 2022  Putin made three visits to Mongolia and has enjoyed good relations with its neighbor. Putin and his Mongolian counterpart signed a permanent treaty on friendship between the two states in September 2019, further enhancing trade and cultural exchanges.[ 181]    [ 182]    Putin became the first Russian or Soviet leader to visit Indonesia in half a century in 2007, resulting in the signing of an arms deal.[ 183]    In another visit, Putin commented on long-standing ties and friendship between Russia and Indonesia.[ 184]    Russia has also boosted relations with Vietnam after 2011,[ 185]    and with Afghanistan in the 2010s, giving military and economic aid.[ 186]    [ 187]    The relations between Russia and the Philippines received a boost in 2016 as Putin forged closer bilateral ties with his Filipino counterpart, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodrigo_Duterte) (Rodrigo Duterte) Rodrigo Duterte .[ 188]    [ 189]    Putin has good relations with Malaysia and its then Prime Minister (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahathir_Mohamad) (Mahathir Mohamad) Mahathir Mohamad .[ 190]    Putin criticized violence in Myanmar against the Rohingya minorities in 2017.[ 191]    Following the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Myanmar_coup_d'état) (2021 Myanmar coup d'état) 2021 Myanmar coup d'état , Russia has pledged to boost ties with the Myanmar military regime.[ 192]     In September 2007, Putin visited Indonesia, the first Russian leader to do so in over 50 years.[ 193]    In the same month, Putin also attended the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APEC) (APEC) APEC meeting (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APEC_Australia_2007) (APEC Australia 2007) held in Sydney, Australia , where he met with Prime Minister (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Howard) (John Howard) John Howard and signed a uranium trade deal for Australia to sell uranium to Russia. This was the first visit by a Russian president to Australia.[ 194]    Putin again visited Australia for (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_G20_Brisbane_summit) (2014 G20 Brisbane summit) 2014 G20 Brisbane summit . The (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbott_government) (Abbott government) Abbott government denounced Putin's use of military force in Ukraine in 2014 as "bullying" and "utterly unacceptable".[ 195]    Amid calls to ban Putin from attending the 2014 G20 Summit, Prime Minister (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Abbott) (Tony Abbott) Tony Abbott said he would "shirtfront" (challenge) the Russian leader over the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_17) (Malaysia Airlines Flight 17) shooting down of MH17 by Russian-backed rebels, which had killed 38 Australians.[ 196]    Putin denied responsibility for the killings.[ 197]      China  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   See also: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China–Russia_relations) (China–Russia relations) China–Russia relations  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_seventh_meeting_between_the_heads_of_state_of_China,_Russia_and_Mongolia_in_Beijing_20250902_01.jpg)   Putin with Chinese President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi_Jinping) (Xi Jinping) Xi Jinping and Mongolian President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukhnaagiin_Khürelsükh) (Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh) Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh in Beijing, China, 2 September 2025  In the 21st century, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-Russian_relations_since_1991) (Sino-Russian relations since 1991) Sino-Russian relations have significantly strengthened bilaterally and economically—the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001_Sino-Russian_Treaty_of_Friendship) (2001 Sino-Russian Treaty of Friendship) Treaty of Friendship , and the construction of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Siberia–Pacific_Ocean_oil_pipeline) (Eastern Siberia–Pacific Ocean oil pipeline) ESPO oil pipeline and the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_of_Siberia) (Power of Siberia) Power of Siberia gas pipeline formed a "special relationship" between the two (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_power) (Great power) great powers .[ 198]    Putin and Chinese leader (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hu_Jintao) (Hu Jintao) Hu Jintao held their first meeting in December 2002. The two leaders met regularly, meeting face to face five or six times a year. Russian Prime Minister Dimitry Medvedev and Chinese Premier (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wen_Jiabao) (Wen Jiabao) Wen Jiabao also met regularly, with Wen quipping in 2007 that "We didn't even use prepared speeches."[ 166]    (Page: 497) :  497   China backed Russia in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Chechen_War) (Second Chechen War) Second Chechen War and regards to Russia's concerns of NATO expansion, while Russia backed China regarding the issues of Taiwan, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet_Autonomous_Region) (Tibet Autonomous Region) Tibet and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xinjiang) (Xinjiang) Xinjiang . The two countries also increasingly cooperated in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council) (United Nations Security Council) United Nations Security Council .[ 166]    (Page: 499) :  499    On the eve of a 2013 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_visit) (State visit) state visit to Moscow by Chinese leader (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi_Jinping) (Xi Jinping) Xi Jinping , Putin remarked that the two nations were forging a special relationship.[ 199]    Xi visited the Operational Command Headquarters of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Armed_Forces) (Russian Armed Forces) Russian Armed Forces , the first time a foreign leader visited the building.[ 166]    (Page: 506–507) :  506–507   Ties have continued to deepen after the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, with Russia increasingly becoming dependent on China while it is under (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) (International sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine) large-scale international sanctions .[ 200]      Post-Soviet states  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Further information: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colour_revolution) (Colour revolution) Colour revolution , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia–Ukraine_relations) (Russia–Ukraine relations) Russia–Ukraine relations , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus–Russia_relations) (Belarus–Russia relations) Belarus–Russia relations , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia–Russia_relations) (Georgia–Russia relations) Georgia–Russia relations , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenia–Russia_relations) (Armenia–Russia relations) Armenia–Russia relations , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijan–Russia_relations) (Azerbaijan–Russia relations) Azerbaijan–Russia relations , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrgyzstan–Russia_relations) (Kyrgyzstan–Russia relations) Kyrgyzstan–Russia relations , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan–Russia_relations) (Kazakhstan–Russia relations) Kazakhstan–Russia relations , and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasian_Economic_Union) (Eurasian Economic Union) Eurasian Economic Union  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   See also: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Independent_States) (Commonwealth of Independent States) Commonwealth of Independent States  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:USSR_Republics_numbered_by_alphabet.svg)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-Soviet_states) (Post-Soviet states) Post-Soviet states in English alphabetical order: (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)   Armenia Azerbaijan Belarus Estonia Georgia Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Latvia Lithuania Moldova Russia Tajikistan Turkmenistan Ukraine Uzbekistan      Under Putin, the Kremlin has consistently stated that Russia has a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphere_of_influence) (Sphere of influence) sphere of influence and "privileged interests" over other (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-Soviet_states) (Post-Soviet states) post-Soviet states , which are referred to as the "near abroad" in Russia. It has also been stated that the post-Soviet states are strategically vital to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Russia) (Foreign relations of Russia) Russian interests .[ 201]    Some Russia experts have compared this concept to the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monroe_Doctrine) (Monroe Doctrine) Monroe Doctrine .[ 202]     A series of so-called (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colour_revolution) (Colour revolution) colour revolutions in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-Soviet_states) (Post-Soviet states) post-Soviet states , namely the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rose_Revolution) (Rose Revolution) Rose Revolution in Georgia in 2003, the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orange_Revolution) (Orange Revolution) Orange Revolution in Ukraine in 2004, and the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tulip_Revolution) (Tulip Revolution) Tulip Revolution in Kyrgyzstan in 2005, led to frictions in the relations of those countries with Russia. In December 2004, Putin criticized the Rose and Orange revolutions, saying: "If you have permanent revolutions, you risk plunging the post-Soviet space into endless conflict."[ 203]     Putin allegedly declared at a NATO-Russia summit in 2008 that if Ukraine joined NATO, Russia could contend to annex the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Ukraine) (Eastern Ukraine) Ukrainian East and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crimea) (Crimea) Crimea .[ 204]    At the summit, he told U.S. President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W._Bush) (George W. Bush) George W. Bush that "Ukraine is not even a state!", while the following year, Putin referred to Ukraine as "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little_Russia) (Little Russia) Little Russia ".[ 205]    Following the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolution_of_Dignity) (Revolution of Dignity) Revolution of Dignity in March 2014, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation) (Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation) the Russian Federation annexed Crimea .[ 206]    [ 207]    [ 208]    According to Putin, this was done because "Crimea has always been and remains an inseparable part of Russia."[ 209]     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CSTO_Summit_2022_02.jpg)   Putin hosted a meeting of the Russian-led military alliance, the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collective_Security_Treaty_Organization) (Collective Security Treaty Organization) Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO), in Moscow on 16 May 2022.  After the Russian annexation of Crimea, he said that Ukraine includes "regions of Russia's historic south" and "was created on a whim by the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolsheviks) (Bolsheviks) Bolsheviks ".[ 210]    He went on to declare that the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolution_of_Dignity) (Revolution of Dignity) February 2014 ousting of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_President) (Ukrainian President) Ukrainian President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Yanukovych) (Viktor Yanukovych) Viktor Yanukovych had been orchestrated by the West as an attempt to weaken Russia.[ 210]    In a July 2014 speech during the Russian-supported (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_in_Donbas_(2014–2022)) (War in Donbas (2014–2022)) armed insurgency in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Ukraine) (Eastern Ukraine) Eastern Ukraine , Putin stated he would use Russia's "entire arsenal of available means" up to "operations under international humanitarian law and the right of self-defense" to protect (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_speakers) (Russian speakers) Russian speakers outside Russia.[ 211]    [ 212]     In late August 2014, Putin stated: "People who have their own views on history and the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Russia) (History of Russia) history of our country may argue with me, but it seems to me that the Russian and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_people) (Ukrainian people) Ukrainian peoples are practically one people."[ 213]    After making a similar statement, in late December 2015, he stated: "the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_culture) (Ukrainian culture) Ukrainian culture , as well as (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_literature) (Ukrainian literature) Ukrainian literature , surely has a source of its own".[ 214]    In July 2021, he published a lengthy article (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Historical_Unity_of_Russians_and_Ukrainians) (On the Historical Unity of Russians and Ukrainians) On the Historical Unity of Russians and Ukrainians  [ 215]    revisiting these themes, and saying the formation of a Ukrainian state hostile to Moscow was "comparable in its consequences to the use of weapons of mass destruction against us"[ 216]    [ 217]    —it was made mandatory reading for military-political training in the Russian Armed Forces.[ 218]     During the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_war_(2022–present)) (Russo-Ukrainian war (2022–present)) Russo-Ukrainian war , Putin set out several conditions for a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_negotiations_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war_(2022–present)) (Peace negotiations in the Russo-Ukrainian war (2022–present)) peace agreement , which included permanent Ukrainian neutrality, limits on the size of Ukraine's military, and the cession of four southeastern regions (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_annexation_of_Donetsk,_Kherson,_Luhansk_and_Zaporizhzhia_oblasts) (Russian annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts) annexed by Russia in 2022 but not fully (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian-occupied_territories_of_Ukraine) (Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine) controlled by Russian forces.[ 219]    Ukraine rejected the terms, which Western officials and analysts said would effectively compromise the country's sovereignty and independence.[ 220]     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Zelensky,_Merkel,_Macron,_Putin,_(2019-12-10)_01.jpg)   Ukrainian president (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volodymyr_Zelenskyy) (Volodymyr Zelenskyy) Volodymyr Zelenskyy , German chancellor (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angela_Merkel) (Angela Merkel) Angela Merkel , French president (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron) (Emmanuel Macron) Emmanuel Macron , and Putin met in Paris on 9 December 2019 in the "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normandy_Format) (Normandy Format) Normandy Format " aimed at ending the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_in_Donbas_(2014–2022)) (War in Donbas (2014–2022)) war in Donbas .  In August 2008, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Georgia) (President of Georgia) Georgian President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikheil_Saakashvili) (Mikheil Saakashvili) Mikheil Saakashvili attempted to restore control over the breakaway South Ossetia. However, the Georgian military was soon defeated in the resulting (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Georgian_War) (Russo-Georgian War) 2008 South Ossetia War after regular Russian forces entered South Ossetia and then other parts of Georgia, also opening a second front in the other Georgian breakaway province of Abkhazia with Abkhazian forces.[ 221]     Despite existing or past tensions between Russia and most of the post-Soviet states, Putin has followed the policy of Eurasian integration. Putin endorsed the idea of a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasian_Economic_Union) (Eurasian Economic Union) Eurasian Union in 2011;[ 222]    [ 223]    the concept was proposed by the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Kazakhstan) (President of Kazakhstan) president of Kazakhstan in 1994.[ 224]    On 18 November 2011, the presidents of Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Russia signed an agreement setting a target of establishing the Eurasian Union by 2015.[ 225]    The Eurasian Union was established on 1 January 2015.[ 226]     Under Putin, Russia's relations have improved significantly with Uzbekistan, the second-largest post-Soviet republic after Ukraine. This was demonstrated in Putin's visit to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tashkent) (Tashkent) Tashkent in May 2000, after lukewarm relations under Yeltsin and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_Karimov) (Islam Karimov) Islam Karimov , who had long distanced itself from Moscow.[ 227]    In another meeting in 2014, Russia agreed to write off Uzbek debt.[ 228]    A theme of a greater Soviet region, including the former USSR and many of its neighbors or imperial-era states—rather than just post-Soviet Russia—has been consistent in Putin's May Day speeches.[ 229]    [ 230]    [ 231]       United States, the West, and NATO  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   See also: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-American_sentiment_in_Russia) (Anti-American sentiment in Russia) Anti-American sentiment in Russia , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia–NATO_relations) (Russia–NATO relations) Russia–NATO relations , and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia–United_States_relations) (Russia–United States relations) Russia–United States relations  Under Putin, Russia's relationships with NATO and the U.S. have passed through several stages. When he first became president, relations were cautious, but after the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_11_attacks) (September 11 attacks) 9/11 attacks , Putin quickly supported the U.S. in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_on_terror) (War on terror) war on terror , and the opportunity for partnership appeared.[ 232]    According to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_F._Cohen) (Stephen F. Cohen) Stephen F. Cohen , the U.S. "repaid by further expansion of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO) (NATO) NATO to Russia's borders and by unilateral withdrawal from the 1972 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Ballistic_Missile_Treaty) (Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty) Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty ",[ 232]    but others pointed out the applications from (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enlargement_of_NATO) (Enlargement of NATO) new countries willing to join NATO was driven primarily by Russian behavior in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Chechen_War) (First Chechen War) Chechnya , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transnistria_War) (Transnistria War) Transnistria , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_in_Abkhazia_(1992–1993)) (War in Abkhazia (1992–1993)) Abkhazia , the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_Soviet_coup_attempt) (1991 Soviet coup attempt) 1991 Soviet coup attempt , as well as calls to restore USSR in its previous borders by prominent Russian politicians.[ 233]    [ 234]     From 2003, when Russia strongly opposed the U.S. when it waged the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq_War) (Iraq War) Iraq War , Putin became ever more distant from the West, and relations steadily deteriorated. According to a Russian scholar (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_F._Cohen) (Stephen F. Cohen) Stephen F. Cohen , the narrative of the mainstream U.S. media, following that of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House) (White House) White House , became anti-Putin.[ 232]    In an interview with (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Stürmer) (Michael Stürmer) Michael Stürmer , Putin said there were three questions which most concerned Russia and Eastern Europe: namely, the status of Kosovo, the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_on_Conventional_Armed_Forces_in_Europe) (Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe) Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe and American plans to build missile defence sites in Poland and the Czech Republic, and suggested that all three were linked.[ 235]    His view was that concessions by the West on one of the questions might be met with concessions from Russia on another.[ 235]     In 2003, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia–United_Kingdom_relations) (Russia–United Kingdom relations) relations between Russia and the United Kingdom deteriorated when the United Kingdom granted political asylum to Putin's former patron, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_oligarch) (Russian oligarch) oligarch (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Berezovsky_(businessman)) (Boris Berezovsky (businessman)) Boris Berezovsky .[ 236]    This deterioration was intensified by allegations that the British were spying and making secret payments to pro-democracy and human rights groups.[ 237]    The end of 2006 brought more strained relations in the wake of the death by (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonium) (Polonium) polonium poisoning in London of former KGB and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Security_Service) (Federal Security Service) FSB officer (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Litvinenko) (Alexander Litvinenko) Alexander Litvinenko , who became an (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secret_Intelligence_Service) (Secret Intelligence Service) MI6 agent in 2003. In 2007, the crisis in relations continued with the expulsion of four Russian (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diplomat) (Diplomat) envoys over Russia's refusal to extradite former KGB bodyguard (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrei_Lugovoi) (Andrei Lugovoi) Andrei Lugovoi to face charges in the murder.[ 236]    Mirroring the British actions, Russia expelled UK diplomats and took other retaliatory steps.[ 236]    In 2015, the British Government launched a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_inquiry) (Public inquiry) public inquiry into Litvinenko's death, presided over by (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Owen_(judge)) (Robert Owen (judge)) Robert Owen , a former British High Court judge.[ 238]    The Owen report, published on 21 January 2016, stated, "The FSB operation to kill Mr. Litvinenko was probably approved by Mr (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai_Patrushev) (Nikolai Patrushev) Patrushev and also by President Putin".[ 239]    The report outlined some possible motives for the murder, including Litvinenko's public statements and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blowing_Up_Russia) (Blowing Up Russia) books about (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_apartment_bombings) (Russian apartment bombings) the alleged involvement of the FSB in mass murder , and what was "undoubtedly a personal dimension to the antagonism" between Putin and Litvinenko.[ 240]      One single center of power. One single center of force. One single center of decision-making. This is the world of one master, one sovereign. ... Primarily, the United States has overstepped its national borders, and in every area.  — Putin criticizing the United States in his (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich_speech_of_Vladimir_Putin) (Munich speech of Vladimir Putin) Munich Speech , 2007[ 241]       In a January 2007 interview, Putin said Russia was in favor of a democratic (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarity_in_international_relations) (Polarity in international relations) multipolar world and strengthening the systems of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_law) (International law) international law .[ 242]    In February 2007, Putin criticized what he called the United States' monopolistic dominance in global relations, and "almost uncontained hyper use of force in international relations". He said the result of it is that "no one feels safe! Because no one can feel that international law is like a stone wall that will protect them. Of course such a policy stimulates an arms race."[ 243]    This came to be known as the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich_speech_of_Vladimir_Putin) (Munich speech of Vladimir Putin) Munich Speech , and NATO secretary (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaap_de_Hoop_Scheffer) (Jaap de Hoop Scheffer) Jaap de Hoop Scheffer called the speech "disappointing and not helpful".[ 244]     The months following Putin's Munich Speech[ 243]    were marked by tension and a surge in rhetoric on both sides of the Atlantic. Both Russian and American officials, however, denied the idea of a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Cold_War) (New Cold War) new Cold War .[ 245]    Putin publicly opposed plans for the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_missile_defense) (National missile defense) U.S. missile shield in Europe and presented President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W._Bush) (George W. Bush) George W. Bush with a counterproposal on 7 June 2007 which was declined.[ 246]    Russia suspended its participation in the Conventional Forces in Europe treaty on 11 December 2007.[ 247]     Putin opposed Kosovo's unilateral (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_Kosovo_declaration_of_independence) (2008 Kosovo declaration of independence) declaration of independence from Serbia on 17 February 2008, warning that it would destabilize the whole system of international relations.[ 248]    He described the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_recognition_of_Kosovo) (International recognition of Kosovo) recognition of Kosovo's independence by several major world powers as "a terrible precedent, which will de facto blow apart the whole system of international relations, developed not over decades, but over centuries", and that "they have not thought through the results of what they are doing. At the end of the day it is a two-ended stick and the second end will come back and hit them in the face".[ 249]    In March 2014, Putin used Kosovo's declaration of independence as a justification for recognizing (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declaration_of_Independence_of_the_Republic_of_Crimea) (Declaration of Independence of the Republic of Crimea) the independence of Crimea , citing the so-called "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosovo_independence_precedent) (Kosovo independence precedent) Kosovo independence precedent ".[ 250]    [ 251]     After the 9/11 attacks on the U.S. in 2001, Putin had good relations with the American President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W._Bush) (George W. Bush) George W. Bush , and many Western European leaders. His "cooler" and "more business-like" relationship with German chancellor, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angela_Merkel) (Angela Merkel) Angela Merkel is often attributed to Merkel's upbringing in the former (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Germany) (East Germany) DDR , where Putin was stationed as a KGB agent.[ 252]    He had a very friendly and warm relationship with Prime Minister of Italy (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silvio_Berlusconi) (Silvio Berlusconi) Silvio Berlusconi ;[ 253]    the two leaders often described their relationship as a close friendship, continuing to organize bilateral meetings even after Berlusconi's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resignation_of_Silvio_Berlusconi) (Resignation of Silvio Berlusconi) resignation in November 2011.[ 254]    When Berlusconi (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Silvio_Berlusconi) (Death and state funeral of Silvio Berlusconi) died in 2023, Putin described him as an "extraordinary man" and a "true friend".[ 255]    [ 256]     The NATO-led (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_military_intervention_in_Libya) (2011 military intervention in Libya) military intervention in Libya in 2011 prompted a widespread wave of criticism from several world leaders, including Putin, who said that the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1973) (United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973) United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973 is "defective and flawed", adding: "It allows everything. It resembles medieval calls for crusades".[ 257]     In late 2013, Russian-American relations deteriorated further when the United States canceled a summit for the first time since 1960 after Putin gave asylum to the American (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Snowden) (Edward Snowden) Edward Snowden , who had leaked massive amounts of classified information from the NSA.[ 258]    [ 259]    In 2014, Russia was suspended from the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G8) (G8) G8 group as a result of its (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation) (Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation) annexation of Crimea .[ 260]    [ 261]    Putin gave a speech highly critical of the United States, accusing them of destabilizing world order and trying to "reshape the world" to its own benefit.[ 262]    In June 2015, Putin said that Russia has no intention of attacking NATO.[ 263]     On 9 November 2016, Putin congratulated (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump) (Donald Trump) Donald Trump on becoming the 45th president of the United States.[ 264]    In December 2016, US intelligence officials (headed by (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Clapper) (James Clapper) James Clapper ) quoted by (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBS_News) (CBS News) CBS News stated that Putin approved the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_United_States_election_interference_by_Russia) (2016 United States election interference by Russia) email hacking and cyber attacks during the U.S. election , against the Democratic presidential nominee, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton) (Hillary Clinton) Hillary Clinton . A spokesman for Putin denied the reports.[ 265]    Putin has repeatedly accused Hillary Clinton, who served as U.S. secretary of state from 2009 to 2013, of interfering in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Russia) (Politics of Russia) Russia's internal affairs ,[ 266]    and in December 2016, Clinton accused Putin of having a personal grudge against her.[ 267]    [ 268]    Putin has stated that U.S.–Russian relations, already at the lowest level since the end of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_War) (Cold War) Cold War ,[ 269]    have continued to deteriorate after Trump took office in January 2017.[ 270]     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vladimir_Putin_and_Prince_Philip.jpg)   Putin and his wife (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyudmila_Putina) (Lyudmila Putina) Lyudmila meeting with Queen (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_II) (Elizabeth II) Elizabeth II , her husband (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Philip,_Duke_of_Edinburgh) (Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh) Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh , and Prime Minister (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Blair) (Tony Blair) Tony Blair in 2005  On 4 March 2018, former double agent (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei_Skripal) (Sergei Skripal) Sergei Skripal was poisoned with a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novichok_agent) (Novichok agent) Novichok nerve agent in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salisbury) (Salisbury) Salisbury .[ 271]    Ten days later, the British government formally accused the Russian state of attempted murder, a charge which Russia denied.[ 272]    After the UK expelled 23 Russian diplomats (an action which would later be responded to with a Russian expulsion of 23 British diplomats),[ 273]    British (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretary_of_State_for_Foreign_and_Commonwealth_Affairs) (Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs) Foreign Secretary (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Johnson) (Boris Johnson) Boris Johnson said on 16 March that it was "overwhelmingly likely" Putin had personally ordered the poisoning of Skripal. Putin's spokesman (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dmitry_Peskov) (Dmitry Peskov) Dmitry Peskov called the allegation "shocking and unpardonable diplomatic misconduct".[ 274]     On 18 June 2020, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_National_Interest) (The National Interest) The National Interest  published a nine-thousand-word essay by Putin, titled "The Real Lessons of the 75th Anniversary of World War II".[ 275]    In the essay, Putin criticizes the Western historical view of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molotov–Ribbentrop_Pact) (Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact) Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact as the start of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II) (World War II) World War II , stating that the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich_Agreement) (Munich Agreement) Munich Agreement was the beginning.[ 276]     On 21 February 2023, Putin suspended Russia's participation in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_START) (New START) New START (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_disarmament) (Nuclear disarmament) nuclear arms reduction treaty with the United States.[ 277]    On 25 March, President Putin announced the stationing of tactical nuclear weapons in Belarus. Russia would maintain control of the weapons. President Putin told Russian TV: "There is nothing unusual here either. Firstly, the United States has been doing this for decades. They have long deployed their tactical nuclear weapons on the territory of their allied countries."[ 278]     In August 2024, Putin pardoned American journalist (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evan_Gershkovich) (Evan Gershkovich) Evan Gershkovich , opposition figures (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Kara-Murza) (Vladimir Kara-Murza) Vladimir Kara-Murza , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilya_Yashin) (Ilya Yashin) Ilya Yashin , and others in a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prisoner_swap) (Prisoner swap) prisoner swap with Western countries.[ 279]    [ 280]    [ 281]    The (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Ankara_prisoner_exchange) (2024 Ankara prisoner exchange) 2024 Ankara prisoner exchange was the most extensive between Russia and United States since the end of the Cold War, involving the release of 26 people.[ 282]    On 22 June 2025, Putin condemned the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_United_States_strikes_on_Iranian_nuclear_sites) (2025 United States strikes on Iranian nuclear sites) U.S. strikes on Iranian nuclear sites as an "unprovoked act of aggression."[ 283]     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vladimir_Putin_28_May_2002-13.jpg) (Putin with Italian prime minister Silvio Berlusconi and U.S. president George W. Bush at the NATO-Russia Council meeting in Rome on 28 May 2002) (Putin with Italian prime minister Silvio Berlusconi and U.S. president George W. Bush at the NATO-Russia Council meeting in Rome on 28 May 2002)     Putin with Italian prime minister (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silvio_Berlusconi) (Silvio Berlusconi) Silvio Berlusconi and U.S. president (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W._Bush) (George W. Bush) George W. Bush at the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia–NATO_relations#NATO–Russia_Council_(2002–2022)) (Russia–NATO relations) NATO-Russia Council meeting in Rome on 28 May 2002[ 284]      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vladimir_Putin_&_Donald_Trump_in_Helsinki,_16_July_2018_(2).jpg) (Putin with U.S. president Donald Trump at the summit meeting in Helsinki, Finland, 16 July 2018) (Putin with U.S. president Donald Trump at the summit meeting in Helsinki, Finland, 16 July 2018)     Putin with U.S. president (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump) (Donald Trump) Donald Trump at the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Russia–United_States_Summit) (2018 Russia–United States Summit) summit meeting in Helsinki, Finland, 16 July 2018  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Angela_Merkel_and_Vladimir_Putin_(2018-05-18)_01.jpg) (Putin held a meeting in Sochi with German chancellor Angela Merkel to discuss the Nord Stream 2 natural gas pipeline in May 2018.) (Putin held a meeting in Sochi with German chancellor Angela Merkel to discuss the Nord Stream 2 natural gas pipeline in May 2018.)     Putin held a meeting in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sochi) (Sochi) Sochi with German chancellor (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angela_Merkel) (Angela Merkel) Angela Merkel to discuss the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nord_Stream_2) (Nord Stream 2) Nord Stream 2 natural gas pipeline in May 2018.    Latin America  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   See also: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil–Russia_relations) (Brazil–Russia relations) Brazil–Russia relations , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia–Venezuela_relations) (Russia–Venezuela relations) Russia–Venezuela relations , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuba–Russia_relations) (Cuba–Russia relations) Cuba–Russia relations , and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina–Russia_relations) (Argentina–Russia relations) Argentina–Russia relations  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vladimir_Putin_and_Nicolás_Maduro_(2019-10-25)_01.jpg)   Putin and Venezuelan President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolás_Maduro) (Nicolás Maduro) Nicolás Maduro on 10 October 2019  Putin and his successor, Medvedev, enjoyed warm relations with (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_Chávez) (Hugo Chávez) Hugo Chávez of Venezuela. Much of this has been through the sale of military equipment; since 2005, Venezuela has purchased more than $4 billion worth of arms from Russia.[ 285]    In September 2008, Russia sent (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-160) (Tupolev Tu-160) Tupolev Tu-160 bombers to Venezuela to carry out training flights.[ 286]    In November 2008, both countries held a joint naval exercise in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caribbean) (Caribbean) Caribbean . Earlier in 2000, Putin had re-established stronger ties with (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fidel_Castro) (Fidel Castro) Fidel Castro 's Cuba.[ 287]     "You express the best masculine qualities", Putin told (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jair_Bolsonaro) (Jair Bolsonaro) Jair Bolsonaro in 2020. "You look for solutions in all matters, always putting above all the interests of your people, your country, leaving out your own personal issues". Political scientist (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_Stuenkel) (Oliver Stuenkel) Oliver Stuenkel noted, "Among Brazil's right-wing populists, Putin is seen as someone who is anti-(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woke) (Woke) woke , and that is seen as something that is definitely appealing to Bolsonaro. He is a strongman, and that is very inspiring to Bolsonaro. He would like to be someone who concentrates as much power".[ 288]      Middle East and Africa  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   See also: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel–Russia_relations) (Israel–Russia relations) Israel–Russia relations , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran–Russia_relations) (Iran–Russia relations) Iran–Russia relations , and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia–South_Africa_relations) (Russia–South Africa relations) Russia–South Africa relations  On 16 October 2007, Putin visited Iran to participate in the Second Caspian Summit in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehran) (Tehran) Tehran ,[ 289]    [ 290]    where he met with Iranian president (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmoud_Ahmadinejad) (Mahmoud Ahmadinejad) Mahmoud Ahmadinejad .[ 291]    [ 292]    This was the first visit of a Soviet or Russian leader[ 293]    to Iran since (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Stalin) (Joseph Stalin) Joseph Stalin 's participation in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehran_Conference) (Tehran Conference) Tehran Conference in 1943, and marked a significant event in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran–Russia_relations) (Iran–Russia relations) Iran–Russia relations .[ 294]    At a press conference after the summit Putin said that "all our ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caspian_Sea) (Caspian Sea) Caspian ) states have the right to develop their peaceful nuclear programmes without any restrictions".[ 295]    Putin was quoted as describing Iran as a "partner",[ 235]    although he expressed concerns over the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_nuclear_programme) (Iranian nuclear programme) Iranian nuclear programme .[ 235]     In April 2008, Putin became the first Russian president to visit Libya.[ 296]    Putin condemned the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_military_intervention_in_Libya) (2011 military intervention in Libya) 2011 foreign military intervention in Libya, referring to the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_1973) (United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973) UN resolution as "defective and flawed", and added, "It allows everything. It resembles medieval calls for crusades".[ 297]    Upon (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Muammar_Gaddafi) (Death of Muammar Gaddafi) the death of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi) (Muammar Gaddafi) Muammar Gaddafi , Putin called it as "planned murder" by the US, saying: "They showed to the whole world how he (Gaddafi) was killed", and "There was blood all over. Is that what they call a democracy?"[ 298]    [ 299]     From 2000 to 2010, Russia sold around $1.5 billion worth of arms to Syria, making (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascus) (Damascus) Damascus Russia's seventh-largest client.[ 300]    During the Syrian civil war, Russia threatened to veto any sanctions against the Syrian government,[ 301]    and continued to supply arms to its regime. Putin opposed any foreign intervention in the Syrian civil war. In June 2012, in Paris, he rejected the statement of French president (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/François_Hollande) (François Hollande) François Hollande who called on Bashar al-Assad to step down. Putin echoed Assad's argument that anti-regime militants were responsible for much of the bloodshed. He also talked about previous NATO interventions and their results, and asked, "What is happening in Libya, in Iraq? Did they become safer? Where are they heading? Nobody has an answer".[ 302]     On 11 September 2013, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times) (The New York Times) The New York Times  published an (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Op-ed) (Op-ed) op-ed by Putin urging caution against (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American-led_intervention_in_Syria) (American-led intervention in Syria) US intervention in Syria and criticizing (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_exceptionalism) (American exceptionalism) American exceptionalism .[ 303]    Putin subsequently helped to arrange for the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destruction_of_Syria's_chemical_weapons) (Destruction of Syria's chemical weapons) destruction of Syria's chemical weapons .[ 304]    In 2015, he took a stronger pro-Assad stance[ 305]    and mobilized (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_intervention_in_Syria) (Russian intervention in Syria) military support for the regime . Some analysts have summarized Putin as being allied with (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shias) (Shias) Shias and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alawites) (Alawites) Alawites in the Middle East.[ 306]    [ 307]    Putin ordered Russian intervention to support his ally, Assad, to undermine the U.S.-led international order. As a result, Russia increased its influence in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Mediterranean) (Eastern Mediterranean) Eastern Mediterranean by strengthening its control over the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tartus_Naval_Base) (Tartus Naval Base) Tartus Naval Base and becoming an operator of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khmeimim_Air_Base) (Khmeimim Air Base) Khmeimim Air Base .[ 308]    [ 309]    [ 310]     In 2017, Putin dispatched Russian (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_military_company) (Private military company) PMCs to back the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Touadéra) (Touadéra) Touadéra regime in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_African_Republic_Civil_War) (Central African Republic Civil War) Central African Republic Civil War , gaining a permanent military presence in return.[ 311]    [ 312]    [ 313]    [ 314]    The first (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia–Africa_Summit_2019) (Russia–Africa Summit 2019) Russia-Africa Summit was held in October 2019 in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sochi) (Sochi) Sochi , Russia, co-hosted by Putin and Egyptian president (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdel_Fattah_el-Sisi) (Abdel Fattah el-Sisi) Abdel Fattah el-Sisi .[ 315]    The meeting was attended by 43 heads of state and government from African countries.[ 316]     In October 2019, Putin visited the United Arab Emirates, where six agreements were struck with (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Dhabi) (Abu Dhabi) Abu Dhabi Crown Prince (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_bin_Zayed) (Mohammed bin Zayed) Mohammed bin Zayed . One of them included shared investments between (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_National_Wealth_Fund) (Russian National Wealth Fund) Russian sovereign wealth fund and the Emirati investment fund (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mubadala_Investment_Company) (Mubadala Investment Company) Mubadala . The two nations signed deals worth over $1.3bn in the energy, health, and advanced technology sectors.[ 317]    On 22 October 2021, Putin highlighted the "unique bond" between Russia and Israel during a meeting with Israeli prime minister (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naftali_Bennett) (Naftali Bennett) Naftali Bennett .[ 318]     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Trilateral_Iran-Russia-Turkey_Summit_September_2018_in_Tehran_4.jpg) (Putin with Iranian president Hassan Rouhani and Turkish president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, September 2018) (Putin with Iranian president Hassan Rouhani and Turkish president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, September 2018)     Putin with Iranian president (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_Rouhani) (Hassan Rouhani) Hassan Rouhani and Turkish president (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan) Recep Tayyip Erdoğan , September 2018  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Putin-Sall_meeting_(2022-06-03)_03.jpg) (Putin met with the president of the African Union, Macky Sall, to discuss grain deliveries, June 2022. The war in Ukraine contributed to the 2022–2023 food crises.) (Putin met with the president of the African Union, Macky Sall, to discuss grain deliveries, June 2022. The war in Ukraine contributed to the 2022–2023 food crises.)     Putin met with the president of the African Union, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macky_Sall) (Macky Sall) Macky Sall , to discuss grain deliveries, June 2022. The war in Ukraine contributed to the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022–2023_food_crises) (2022–2023 food crises) 2022–2023 food crises .[ 319]      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vladimir_Putin_and_Ahmed_al-Sharaa_(2026-01-28).jpg) (Putin with Syrian president Ahmed al-Sharaa, 28 January 2026) (Putin with Syrian president Ahmed al-Sharaa, 28 January 2026)     Putin with Syrian president (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed_al-Sharaa) (Ahmed al-Sharaa) Ahmed al-Sharaa , 28 January 2026     Public image  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_image_of_Vladimir_Putin) (Public image of Vladimir Putin) Public image of Vladimir Putin  Polls and rankings  In a June 2007 public opinion survey, Putin's approval rating was 81%, the second-highest of any leader in the world that year.[ 320]    In January 2013, at the time of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011–2013_Russian_protests) (2011–2013 Russian protests) 2011–2013 Russian protests , Putin's rating fell to 62%, the lowest since 2000.[ 321]    In a context of increased diplomatic isolation and international sanctions on Russian officials prompted by the Russo-Ukrainian war, Putin's approval rating reached 87% in August 2014.[ 322]    In June 2015, Putin's approval rating climbed to 89%, an all-time high.[ 323]    [ 324]    [ 325]    Observers saw Putin's high approval ratings in 2010s as a consequence of improvements in living standards, and Russia's reassertion on the world scene during his presidency.[ 326]    [ 327]    The director of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levada_Center) (Levada Center) Levada Center stated in 2015 that drawing conclusions from Russian poll results or comparing them to polls in democratic states was irrelevant, as there is no real political competition in Russia, where, unlike in democratic states, Russian voters are not offered any credible alternatives and public opinion is primarily formed by state-controlled media, which promotes those in power and discredits alternative candidates.[ 328]     Putin's performance in reining in corruption is unpopular among Russians. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newsweek) (Newsweek) Newsweek  reported in 2017 that a poll "indicated that 67% held Putin personally responsible for high-level corruption".[ 329]    Corruption (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corruption_in_Russia) (Corruption in Russia) is a significant problem in Russia .[ 330]    [ 331]    In October 2018, two-thirds of Russians surveyed agreed that "Putin bears full responsibility for the problems of the country", which has been attributed[ 332]    to a decline in a popular belief in "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Good_tsar,_bad_boyars) (Good tsar, bad boyars) good tsar and bad boyars ", a traditional attitude towards justifying failures at the top of the ruling hierarchy in Russia.[ 333]    In January 2019, the percentage of Russians trusting Putin hit a then-historic low—33%.[ 334]    In May 2020, amid the COVID crisis, Putin's approval rating was 68%, when respondents were presented a list of names (closed question),[ 335]    and 27% when respondents were expected to name politicians they trust (open question).[ 336]    This has been attributed to continued post-Crimea economic stagnation but also an apathetic response to the pandemic crisis in Russia.[ 337]     Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, state-controlled TV, where most Russians get their news, presented the invasion as a "special military operation" and liberation mission, in line with the government's narrative.[ 338]    [ 339]    [ 340]    The Russian censorship apparatus (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roskomnadzor) (Roskomnadzor) Roskomnadzor  ordered the country's media to employ information only from state sources or face fines and blocks.[ 341]    The Russian media was banned from using the words "war", "invasion" or "aggression" to describe the invasion,[ 339]    with media outlets being blocked as a result.[ 342]    In March 2022, 97% of Ukrainians said they had an unfavorable view of Putin, and 98% of Ukrainians—including 82% of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russians_in_Ukraine) (Russians in Ukraine) ethnic Russians living in Ukraine—said they did not believe any part of Ukraine was rightfully part of Russia.[ 343]     In late February 2022, a survey conducted by the independent research group Russian Field found that 59% of respondents supported the "special military operation" in Ukraine.[ 344]    In late February and mid-March 2022 two polls surveyed Russians' sentiments about the "special military operation" in Ukraine. The results were obtained by (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Liberty) (Radio Liberty) Radio Liberty .[ 345]    71% of Russians polled said that they supported the "special military operation" in Ukraine.[ 346]    [ 345]    A poll published on 30 March in Russia saw Putin's approval rating jump, from 71% in February, to 83%.[ 347]    [ 348]    However, experts warned that the figures may not accurately reflect the public mood, as the public tends to rally around leaders during war and some may be hiding their true opinions,[ 349]    especially with the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_2022_war_censorship_laws) (Russian 2022 war censorship laws) Russian 2022 war censorship laws prohibiting dissemination of "fake information" about the military.[ 350]    Many respondents do not want to answer pollsters' questions for fear of negative consequences.[ 344]    When researchers commissioned a survey on Russians' attitudes to the war, 29,400 out of 31,000 refused to answer.[ 351]    The Levada Center's director stated that early feelings of "shock and confusion" were being replaced with the belief that Russia was being besieged and that Russians must rally around their leader.[ 342]    The Kremlin's analysis concluded that public support for the war was broad but not deep, and that most Russians would accept anything Putin labeled a victory. In September 2023, the head of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Public_Opinion_Research_Center) (Russian Public Opinion Research Center) VTsIOM state pollster Valery Fyodorov said in an interview that only 10–15% of Russians actively supported the war, and that "most Russians are not demanding the conquest of Kyiv or Odesa".[ 352]     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wall_of_Grief_-_opening_ceremony_(3).jpg) (Putin opens the Wall of Grief, a monument to victims of Stalinist repression, on October 2017.) (Putin opens the Wall of Grief, a monument to victims of Stalinist repression, on October 2017.)     Putin opens the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wall_of_Grief) (Wall of Grief) Wall of Grief , a monument to victims of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stalinism) (Stalinism) Stalinist repression , on October 2017.  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vladimir_Putin_approval_(Levada,_2020).png) (Vladimir Putin's public approval 1999–2020 (Levada, 2020)) (Vladimir Putin approval 1999–2020 (Levada, 2020))     Vladimir Putin's public approval 1999–2020 (Levada, 2020)[ 353]      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Anti-Corruption_Rally_in_Saint_Petersburg_(2017-03-26)_12.jpg) (The Levada Center survey showed that 58% of surveyed Russians supported the 2017 Russian protests against high-level corruption.) (The Levada Center survey showed that 58% of surveyed Russians supported the 2017 Russian protests against high-level corruption.)     The (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levada_Center) (Levada Center) Levada Center survey showed that 58% of surveyed Russians supported the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Russian_protests) (2017 Russian protests) 2017 Russian protests against high-level corruption.[ 354]        Cult of personality  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_image_of_Vladimir_Putin) (Public image of Vladimir Putin) Public image of Vladimir Putin  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   See also: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cults_of_personality) (List of cults of personality) List of cults of personality  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Putin_with_F1_bolid_11.jpg)   Putin driving a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formula_One_car) (Formula One car) Formula One car , 2010 ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vladimir_Putin_driving_a_Formula_1.ogv) (File:Vladimir Putin driving a Formula 1.ogv) video )  Putin has cultivated a cult of personality for himself[ 355]    [ 356]    [ 357]    with an outdoorsy, athletic, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macho) (Macho) tough guy (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_image_of_Vladimir_Putin) (Public image of Vladimir Putin) public image , demonstrating his physical prowess and taking part in unusual or dangerous acts, such as extreme sports and interaction with wild animals,[ 358]    part of a public relations approach that, according to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wired_(magazine)) (Wired (magazine)) Wired  , "deliberately cultivates the macho, take-charge (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superhero) (Superhero) superhero image".[ 359]    In 2007, the tabloid (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komsomolskaya_Pravda) (Komsomolskaya Pravda) Komsomolskaya Pravda  published a huge photograph of a shirtless Putin vacationing in the Siberian mountains under the headline "Be Like Putin".[ 360]    Tatiana Mikhailova opines that virility is an aspect of the image of the Father of the Nation , which Putin wants to create. She refers to, as an example of the success of this image building attempt, a 2006 incident in which Putin lifted the shirt of a boy to kiss his stomach without permission – which did not cause much reaction in Russia even though, according to Mikhailova, it was unprecedented and transgressive by Russian standards and would have caused outrage in any other country (media reports note that there was widespread reaction in Russia and abroad, though).[ 361]    [ 362]    [ 363]     Numerous (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kremlinologists) (Kremlinologists) Kremlinologists have accused Putin of seeking to create a cult of personality around himself, an accusation that the Kremlin has denied.[ 364]    Some of Putin's activities have been criticised for being staged;[ 365]    [ 366]    outside of Russia, his macho image has been the subject of parody.[ 367]    [ 368]    [ 369]    Putin's height has been estimated by Kremlin insiders to be between 155 and 165 centimetres (5  feet 1  inch and 5  feet 5  inches) tall but is usually given at 170 centimetres (5  feet 7  inches) .[ 370]    [ 371]     There are many songs about Putin,[ 372]    and Putin's name and image are widely used in advertisements and product branding.[ 359]    Among the Putin-branded products are (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putinka) (Putinka) Putinka vodka, the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PuTin_(brand)) (PuTin (brand)) PuTin brand of canned food, the Gorbusha Putina (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caviar) (Caviar) caviar , and a collection of T-shirts with his image.[ 373]      Public recognition in the West  In 2007, he was the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_Person_of_the_Year) (Time Person of the Year) Time Person of the Year .[ 374]    [ 375]    In 2015, he was No. 1 on the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_100) (Time 100) Time's Most Influential People List .[ 376]    [ 377]    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbes) (Forbes) Forbes  ranked him the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbes_list_of_The_World's_Most_Powerful_People) (Forbes list of The World's Most Powerful People) World's Most Powerful Individual every year from 2013 to 2016.[ 378]    He was ranked the second-most-powerful individual by Forbes in 2018 the last year the list has been published.[ 379]     In Germany, the word "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putinversteher) (Putinversteher) Putinversteher " (female form "Putinversteherin") is a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neologism) (Neologism) neologism and a political buzzword (Putin + (https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/verstehen) (wikt:verstehen) verstehen  ), which literally translates "Putin understander", i.e., "one who understands Putin".[ 380]    It is a pejorative reference to politicians and pundits who express (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empathy) (Empathy) empathy to Putin and may also be translated as "Putin-empathizer".[ 381]      Putinisms  Putin has produced many aphorisms and catch-phrases known as (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putinisms) (Putinisms) putinisms .[ 382]    Many of them were first made during his annual Q&A conferences, where Putin answered questions from journalists and other people in the studio, as well as from Russians throughout the country, who either phoned in or spoke from studios and outdoor sites across Russia. Putin is known for his often tough and sharp language, often alluding to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_jokes) (Russian jokes) Russian jokes and folk sayings.[ 382]    Putin sometimes uses Russian criminal jargon (known as "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fenya) (Fenya) fenya " in Russian), albeit not always correctly.[ 383]       Assessments  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Z_symbol_on_a_billboard.jpg)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z_(military_symbol)) (Z (military symbol)) Z symbol on a billboard reads Russian: (Russian-language text) За Путина  (./Category:Articles_containing_Russian-language_text)  ((literal translation) lit.   ' For Putin ' ), 24 September 2022  Assessments of Putin's character as a leader have evolved during his long presidency. His shifting of Russia towards autocracy and weakening of the system of representative government advocated by (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Yeltsin) (Boris Yeltsin) Boris Yeltsin has met with criticism.[ 384]    Russian dissidents and western leaders now frequently characterise him as a dictator. Others have offered favourable assessments of his impact on Russia. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otto_von_Habsburg) (Otto von Habsburg) Otto von Habsburg , the last (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_heirs_to_the_Austrian_throne) (List of heirs to the Austrian throne) crown prince of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria-Hungary) (Austria-Hungary) Austria-Hungary and former (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Member_of_the_European_Parliament) (Member of the European Parliament) Member of the European Parliament , was an early critic of Putin. In a newspaper interview[ 385]    in 2002 and in two speeches[ 386]    in 2003 and 2005, he warned of Putin as an "international threat", that he was "cruel and oppressive", and a "stone cold technocrat".[ 387]     Putin was described in 2015 as a "dictator" by political opponent (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garry_Kasparov) (Garry Kasparov) Garry Kasparov ,[ 388]    and as the "Tsar of corruption" in 2016 by opposition activist and blogger (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexei_Navalny) (Alexei Navalny) Alexei Navalny .[ 389]    He was described as a "bully" and "arrogant" by former U.S. secretary of state (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton) (Hillary Clinton) Hillary Clinton ,[ 390]    [ 391]    [ 392]    and as "self-centered" by the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalai_Lama) (Dalai Lama) Dalai Lama .[ 393]    In 2015, opposition politician Boris Nemtsov said that Putin was turning Russia into a "raw materials colony" of China.[ 394]     Former U.S. secretary of state (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Kissinger) (Henry Kissinger) Henry Kissinger wrote in 2014 that the West has demonized Putin.[ 395]    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egon_Krenz) (Egon Krenz) Egon Krenz , former leader of East Germany, said the Cold War never ended, adding: "After weak presidents like (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev) (Mikhail Gorbachev) Gorbachev and Yeltsin, it is a great fortune for Russia that it has Putin".[ 396]     Many Russians credit Putin for reviving Russia's fortunes.[ 397]    Former Soviet Union leader Mikhail Gorbachev, while acknowledging the flawed democratic procedures and restrictions on media freedom during the Putin presidency, said that Putin had pulled Russia out of chaos at the end of the Yeltsin years, and that Russians "must remember that Putin saved Russia from the beginning of a collapse".[ 397]    [ 398]    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chechen_Republic) (Chechen Republic) Chechen Republic head and Putin supporter, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramzan_Kadyrov) (Ramzan Kadyrov) Ramzan Kadyrov , stated prior to 2011 that Putin saved both the Chechen people and Russia.[ 399]     Russia has suffered (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_backsliding) (Democratic backsliding) democratic backsliding during Putin's tenure.[ 400]    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_House) (Freedom House) Freedom House has listed Russia as being "not free" since 2005.[ 401]    Experts do not generally consider Russia to be a democracy,[ 24]    [ 402]    [ 403]    citing purges and jailing of political opponents,[ 25]    [ 404]    curtailed press freedom,[ 405]    [ 406]    [ 407]    and the lack of free and fair elections.[ 408]    [ 409]    [ 410]    In 2004, Freedom House warned that Russia's "retreat from freedom marks a low point not registered since 1989, when the country was part of the Soviet Union".[ 411]     The (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economist_Intelligence_Unit) (Economist Intelligence Unit) Economist Intelligence Unit has rated Russia as "authoritarian" since 2011,[ 412]    [ 413]    whereas it had previously been considered a "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hybrid_regime) (Hybrid regime) hybrid regime " (with "some form of democratic government" in place).[ 414]    According to political scientist Larry Diamond, writing in 2015, "no serious scholar would consider Russia today a democracy".[ 402]     Following the jailing of the anti-corruption blogger and activist (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexei_Navalny) (Alexei Navalny) Alexei Navalny in 2018, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbes) (Forbes) Forbes  wrote: "Putin's actions are those of a dictator... As a leader with failing public support, he can only remain in power by using force and repression that gets worse by the day".[ 415]    In November 2021, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Economist) (The Economist) The Economist  also noted that Putin had "shifted from autocracy to dictatorship".[ 416]     In a 2015 opinion article for (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal) (The Wall Street Journal) The Wall Street Journal  , former U.S. ambassador to Germany (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Kornblum) (John Kornblum) John Kornblum disputed Putin's claim that Russia had been betrayed by the West after the Cold War. Kornblum argued that Western governments had not intended to humiliate Russia and had observed the agreements reached with Moscow in the early 1990s.[ 417]     In her 2017 book Red Hangover: Legacies of Twentieth-Century Communism , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristen_Ghodsee) (Kristen Ghodsee) Kristen Ghodsee argued that the triumphalist attitudes of Western powers at the end of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_War) (Cold War) Cold War , and the fixation with linking all leftist and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socialist) (Socialist) socialist political ideals with the horrors of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stalinism) (Stalinism) Stalinism , allowed neoliberalism to fill the void, undermined democratic institutions and reforms, left a trail of economic misery, unemployment, hopelessness and rising inequality throughout the former (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Bloc) (Eastern Bloc) Eastern Bloc . This includes Russia, helping fuel the rise of Putin's extremist right-wing nationalism.[ 418]     After the 2022 invasion of Ukraine  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Every_Night_for_Ukraine_022_Russian_Embassy_Finland_(51913217218).jpg)   Protest sign in front of the Russian embassy in Finland. Putin has been labeled a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_crimes_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war_(2022–present)) (War crimes in the Russo-Ukrainian war (2022–present)) war criminal by international law experts.[ 419]      Following mounting civilian casualties during the Russian invasion of Ukraine,[ 420]    U.S. president (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Biden) (Joe Biden) Joe Biden called Putin a war criminal and "murderous dictator".[ 421]    [ 422]    In the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_State_of_the_Union_Address) (2022 State of the Union Address) 2022 State of the Union Address , Biden said that Putin had "badly miscalculated".[ 423]    The (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permanent_Representative_of_Ukraine_to_the_United_Nations) (Permanent Representative of Ukraine to the United Nations) Ukrainian envoy to the United Nations , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergiy_Kyslytsya) (Sergiy Kyslytsya) Sergiy Kyslytsya likened Putin to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf_Hitler) (Adolf Hitler) Adolf Hitler .[ 424]    Latvian prime minister (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krisjanis_Karins) (Krisjanis Karins) Krisjanis Karins also likened the Russian leader to Hitler, saying he was "a deluded autocrat creating misery for millions" and that "Putin is fighting against democracy (...) If he can attack Ukraine, theoretically it could be any other European country".[ 425]    [ 426]     Lithuania's foreign minister, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabrielius_Landsbergis) (Gabrielius Landsbergis) Gabrielius Landsbergis , stated, "The battle for Ukraine is a battle for Europe. If Putin is not stopped there, he will go further."[ 427]    French President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron) (Emmanuel Macron) Emmanuel Macron said Putin was "deluding himself".[ 428]    French foreign minister (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Yves_Le_Drian) (Jean-Yves Le Drian) Jean-Yves Le Drian denounced him as "a cynic and a dictator".[ 429]    Canadian Prime Minister (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin_Trudeau) (Justin Trudeau) Justin Trudeau called Putin "a lying, murderous dictator".[ 430]    UK Prime Minister (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Johnson) (Boris Johnson) Boris Johnson also labelled Putin a "dictator" who had authorised "a tidal wave of violence against a fellow Slavic people".[ 431]    Several authors and academics, such as (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Hirsh_(journalist)) (Michael Hirsh (journalist)) Michael Hirsh , described Putin as a "messianic" (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_nationalism) (Russian nationalism) Russian nationalist and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurasianism) (Eurasianism) Eurasianist .[ 432]    [ 433]    [ 434]     In a March 2025 essay in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Atlantic) (The Atlantic) The Atlantic  , Franklin Foer argued that Putin's rule had had consequences beyond Russia, including for democratic development in neighboring states and for relations between Russia and the West.[ 435]       Electoral history  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Vladimir_Putin) (Electoral history of Vladimir Putin) Electoral history of Vladimir Putin  Vladimir Putin has been nominated and elected as President of Russia all five times since 2000, typically under an (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_politician) (Independent politician) independent banner. In the most recent 2024 Russian presidential election, Putin achieved 88% of the popular vote.[ 436]    There were reports of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral_fraud) (Electoral fraud) irregularities at this election,[ 437]    including (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballot_stuffing) (Ballot stuffing) ballot stuffing and coercion.[ 23]    [ 438]    Russian authorities claimed that in occupied areas of Ukraine's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaporizhzhia_Oblast) (Zaporizhzhia Oblast) Zaporizhzhia and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kherson_Oblast) (Kherson Oblast) Kherson regions,[ 439]    Putin won 88.12% and 92.83% of votes.[ 440]    In (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chechnya) (Chechnya) Chechnya , Putin won 98.99% of the vote.[ 441]      Personal life  Family  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_of_Vladimir_Putin) (Family of Vladimir Putin) Family of Vladimir Putin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vladimir_Putin_wedding-2.jpg)   Putin and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyudmila_Putina) (Lyudmila Putina) Lyudmila Putina during their wedding on 28 July 1983  On 28 July 1983, Putin married (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyudmila_Putina) (Lyudmila Putina) Lyudmila Shkrebneva , and they lived together in East Germany from 1985 to 1990. They have two daughters, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Vorontsova) (Maria Vorontsova) Maria Putina , born on 28 April 1985 in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Petersburg) (Saint Petersburg) Leningrad (now Saint Petersburg), and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katerina_Tikhonova) (Katerina Tikhonova) Yekaterina Putina , born on 31 August 1986 in Dresden, East Germany (now Germany).[ 442]     An investigation by (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proekt) (Proekt) Proekt  published in November 2020 alleged that Putin has another daughter, Elizaveta, also known as Luiza Rozova,[ 443]    (born in March 2003),[ 444]    with (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svetlana_Krivonogikh) (Svetlana Krivonogikh) Svetlana Krivonogikh .[ 4]    [ 445]    Elizaveta studied in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris) (Paris) Paris under the name Elizaveta Olegovna Rudnova.[ 446]    In April 2008, the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moskovsky_Korrespondent) (Moskovsky Korrespondent) Moskovsky Korrespondent  reported that Putin had divorced Lyudmila and was engaged to marry Olympic gold medalist (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alina_Kabaeva) (Alina Kabaeva) Alina Kabaeva , a former rhythmic gymnast and Russian politician.[ 2]    The story was denied,[ 2]    and the newspaper was shut down shortly thereafter.[ 3]    Putin and Lyudmila continued to make public appearances together as spouses,[ 447]    [ 448]    while the status of his relationship with Kabaeva became a topic of speculation.[ 449]     On 6 June 2013, Putin and Lyudmila announced that their marriage was over; on 1 April 2014, the Kremlin confirmed that the divorce had been finalised.[ 450]    [ 451]    [ 452]    Kabaeva reportedly gave birth to a daughter by Putin in 2015;[ 453]    [ 454]    this report was denied.[ 453]    Kabaeva reportedly gave birth to twin sons by Putin in 2019.[ 5]    [ 455]    However, in 2022, Swiss media, citing the couple's Swiss gynecologist, wrote that on both occasions Kabaeva gave birth to a boy.[ 6]     Putin has two grandsons, born in 2012 and 2017,[ 456]    [ 457]    through Maria.[ 458]    He reportedly also has a granddaughter, born in 2017, through Katerina.[ 459]    [ 460]    His cousin, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor_Putin) (Igor Putin) Igor Putin , was a director at Moscow-based (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_Bank) (Master Bank) Master Bank and was accused in a number of money-laundering scandals.[ 461]    [ 462]      Wealth  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   See also: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama_Papers) (Panama Papers) Panama Papers and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandora_Papers) (Pandora Papers) Pandora Papers  Official figures released during the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_Russian_legislative_election) (2007 Russian legislative election) legislative election of 2007 put Putin's wealth at approximately 3.7 million (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_ruble) (Russian ruble) rubles (US$280,000) in bank accounts, a private 77.4-square-meter (833  sq  ft) apartment in Saint Petersburg, and miscellaneous other assets.[ 463]    [ 464]    Putin's reported 2006 income totaled 2 million rubles (approximately $152,000). In 2012, Putin reported an income of 3.6 million rubles ($270,000).[ 465]    [ 466]    Putin has been photographed wearing several expensive wristwatches, collectively valued at $700,000, nearly six times his annual salary.[ 467]    [ 468]    Putin has been known on occasion to give watches valued at thousands of dollars as gifts, for example a watch identified as a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blancpain) (Blancpain) Blancpain to a Siberian boy he met while on vacation in 2009, and another similar watch to a factory worker the same year.[ 467]     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Opening_of_the_Crimean_bridge_(2018-05-15)_01.jpg)   Putin's close associate (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkady_Rotenberg) (Arkady Rotenberg) Arkady Rotenberg is mentioned in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama_Papers) (Panama Papers) Panama Papers , pictured in 2018.  According to Russian opposition politicians and journalists,[ 469]    [ 470]    Putin secretly possesses a multi-billion-dollar fortune via successive ownership of stakes in several Russian companies.[ 471]    [ 472]    According to one editorial in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post) (The Washington Post) The Washington Post  , "Putin might not technically own these 43 aircraft, but, as the sole political power in Russia, he can act like they're his".[ 473]    An (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RIA_Novosti) (RIA Novosti) RIA Novosti journalist argued that "[Western] intelligence agencies ... could not find anything". These contradictory claims were analyzed by (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polygraph.info) (Polygraph.info) Polygraph.info ,[ 474]    which looked at several reports by Western ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anders_Åslund) (Anders Åslund) Anders Åslund estimate of $100–160 billion) and Russian ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanislav_Belkovsky) (Stanislav Belkovsky) Stanislav Belkovsky estimated of $40 billion) analysts, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIA) (CIA) CIA (estimate of $40 billion in 2007) as well as counterarguments of Russian media. Polygraph concluded: There is uncertainty on the precise sum of Putin's wealth, and the assessment by the Director of U.S. National Intelligence apparently is not yet complete. However, with the pile of evidence and documents in the Panama Papers and in the hands of independent investigators such as those cited by Dawisha, Polygraph.info finds that Danilov's claim that Western intelligence agencies have not been able to find evidence of Putin's wealth to be misleading  — Polygraph.info, "Are 'Putin's Billions' a Myth?"   In April 2016, 11 million documents belonging to Panamanian law firm (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mossack_Fonseca) (Mossack Fonseca) Mossack Fonseca were (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_people_named_in_the_Panama_Papers) (List of people named in the Panama Papers) leaked to the German newspaper (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Süddeutsche_Zeitung) (Süddeutsche Zeitung) Süddeutsche Zeitung  and the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C.) (Washington, D.C.) Washington -based (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_Public_Integrity) (Center for Public Integrity) International Consortium of Investigative Journalists . The name of Putin does not appear in any of the records, and Putin denied his involvement with the company.[ 475]    However, various media have reported on three of Putin's associates on the list.[ 476]    According to the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panama_Papers) (Panama Papers) Panama Papers leak, close trusted associates of Putin own offshore companies worth US$2 billion in total.[ 477]    Süddeutsche Zeitung regards the possibility of Putin's family profiting from this money as plausible.[ 478]    [ 476]     According to the paper, the US$2 billion had been "secretly shuffled through banks and shadow companies linked to Putin's associates", such as construction billionaires (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkady_Rotenberg) (Arkady Rotenberg) Arkady and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Romanovich_Rotenberg) (Boris Romanovich Rotenberg) Boris Rotenberg , and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rossiya_Bank) (Rossiya Bank) Bank Rossiya , previously identified by the U.S. State Department as being treated by Putin as his personal bank account, had been central in facilitating this. It concludes that "Putin has shown he is willing to take aggressive steps to maintain secrecy and protect [such] communal assets".[ 479]    [ 480]     A significant proportion of the money trail leads to Putin's best friend (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei_Roldugin) (Sergei Roldugin) Sergei Roldugin . Although a musician, and in his own words, not a businessman, it appears he has accumulated assets valued at $100m, and possibly more. It has been suggested he was picked for the role because of his low profile.[ 476]    There have been speculations that Putin, in fact, owns the funds,[ 481]    and Roldugin just acted as a proxy.[ 482]    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garry_Kasparov) (Garry Kasparov) Garry Kasparov said that "[Putin] controls enough money, probably more than any other individual in the history of human race".[ 483]      Residences  Official government residences  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Barack_Obama_and_Prime_Minister_Vladimir_Putin.jpg)   Putin receives (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama) (Barack Obama) Barack Obama at his residence in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novo-Ogaryovo) (Novo-Ogaryovo) Novo-Ogaryovo in 2009.  As president and prime minister, Putin has lived in numerous official residences throughout the country.[ 484]    These residences include: the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow_Kremlin) (Moscow Kremlin) Moscow Kremlin , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novo-Ogaryovo) (Novo-Ogaryovo) Novo-Ogaryovo in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow_Oblast) (Moscow Oblast) Moscow Oblast , Gorki-9 near Moscow, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bocharov_Ruchey) (Bocharov Ruchey) Bocharov Ruchey in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sochi) (Sochi) Sochi , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolgiye_Borody_(residence)) (Dolgiye Borody (residence)) Dolgiye Borody in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novgorod_Oblast) (Novgorod Oblast) Novgorod Oblast , and Riviera in Sochi.[ 485]    In August 2012, critics of Putin listed the ownership of 20 villas and palaces, nine of which were built during Putin's 12 years in power.[ 486]      Personal residences  Soon after Putin returned from his KGB service in Dresden, East Germany, he built a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dacha) (Dacha) dacha in Solovyovka on the eastern shore of Lake Komsomolskoye on the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karelian_Isthmus) (Karelian Isthmus) Karelian Isthmus in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priozersky_District) (Priozersky District) Priozersky District of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leningrad_Oblast) (Leningrad Oblast) Leningrad Oblast , near St. Petersburg. After the dacha burned down in 1996, Putin built a new one identical to the original and was joined by a group of seven friends who built dachas nearby. In 1996, the group formally registered their fraternity as a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Housing_cooperative) (Housing cooperative) co-operative society, calling it (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozero) (Ozero) Ozero ("Lake") and turning it into a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gated_community) (Gated community) gated community .[ 487]     A massive Italianate-style mansion costing an alleged US$1 billion[ 488]    and dubbed "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putin's_Palace) (Putin's Palace) Putin's Palace " is under construction near the Black Sea village of Praskoveevka.(./Category:All_articles_with_vague_or_ambiguous_time)  (./Category:Vague_or_ambiguous_time_from_March_2025)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items) (Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers) (The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (March 2025)) when?   ]  In 2012, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei_Kolesnikov_(whistleblower)) (Sergei Kolesnikov (whistleblower)) Sergei Kolesnikov , a former business associate of Putin's, told the BBC's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newsnight) (Newsnight) Newsnight  programme that he had been ordered by Deputy Prime Minister (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor_Sechin) (Igor Sechin) Igor Sechin to oversee the building of the palace.[ 489]    He also said that the mansion, built on government land and sporting three helipads, plus a private road paid for from state funds and guarded by officials wearing uniforms of the official Kremlin guard service, have been built for Putin's private use.[ 490]     On 19 January 2021, two days after (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexei_Navalny) (Alexei Navalny) Alexei Navalny was detained by Russian authorities upon his return to Russia, a video investigation by him and the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Corruption_Foundation) (Anti-Corruption Foundation) Anti-Corruption Foundation (FBK) was published, accusing Putin of using fraudulently obtained funds to build the estate for himself in what he called "the world's biggest bribe". In the investigation, Navalny said that the estate is 39 times the size of Monaco and costs over 100 billion rubles ($1.35 billion) to construct. It also showed aerial footage of the estate via a drone and a detailed floorplan of the palace that Navalny said was given by a contractor, which he compared to photographs from inside the palace that were leaked onto the Internet in 2011. He also detailed an elaborate corruption scheme allegedly involving Putin's inner circle that allowed Putin to hide billions of dollars to build the estate.[ 491]    [ 492]    [ 493]    Since the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prelude_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) (Prelude to the Russian invasion of Ukraine) prelude to the Russian invasion of Ukraine , Putin prefers to travel in an armored train to flying.[ 494]       Pets  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pets_of_Vladimir_Putin) (Pets of Vladimir Putin) Pets of Vladimir Putin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vladimir_Putin_and_Gurbanguly_Berdimuhamedow_(2017-10-11)_05.jpg)   Putin's pet, named Verni, was a birthday gift from (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gurbanguly_Berdimuhamedow) (Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow) Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow , president of Turkmenistan, during a meeting in Sochi in October 2017.  Putin has received five dogs from various national leaders: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konni_(dog)) (Konni (dog)) Konni , Buffy, Yume, Verni and Pasha. Konni died in 2014. When Putin first became president, the family had two poodles, Tosya and Rodeo. They reportedly stayed with his ex-wife (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyudmila_Putina) (Lyudmila Putina) Lyudmila after their divorce.[ 495]      Religion  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vladimir_Putin_in_the_United_States_13-16_November_2001-55.jpg)   Putin and wife Lyudmila in New York at a service for victims of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_11_attacks) (September 11 attacks) September 11 attacks , 16 November 2001  Putin is (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church) (Russian Orthodox Church) Russian Orthodox . His mother was a devout Christian who attended the Russian Orthodox Church; his father was an (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atheist) (Atheist) atheist .[ 496]    Although his mother kept no (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icon) (Icon) icons at home, she attended church regularly, despite government persecution of her faith at that time. His mother secretly baptized him as a baby, and she regularly took him to services.[ 35]     According to Putin, his religious awakening began after a serious car crash involving his wife in 1993, and a life-threatening fire that burned down their (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dacha) (Dacha) dacha in August 1996.[ 496]    Shortly before an official visit to Israel, Putin's mother gave him his baptismal cross, telling him to get it blessed. Putin has stated, "I did as she said and then put the cross around my neck. I have never taken it off since".[ 35]     When asked in 2007 whether he believes in God, he replied, "There are things I believe, which should not in my position, at least, be shared with the public at large for everybody's consumption because that would look like (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-advertising) (Self-advertising) self-advertising or a political (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Striptease) (Striptease) striptease ".[ 497]    Putin's rumoured (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confessor) (Confessor) confessor is Russian Orthodox bishop (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tikhon_(Shevkunov)) (Tikhon (Shevkunov)) Tikhon Shevkunov .[ 498]    The sincerity of his Christianity has been rejected by his former advisor (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei_Pugachev) (Sergei Pugachev) Sergei Pugachev .[ 499]      Sports  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vladimir_Putin_in_Japan_3-5_September_2000-22.jpg)   Putin practicing judo in Tokyo, Japan, in September 2000  Putin watches (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_football) (Association football) football and supports (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FC_Zenit_Saint_Petersburg) (FC Zenit Saint Petersburg) FC Zenit Saint Petersburg .[ 500]    He also displays an interest in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_hockey) (Ice hockey) ice hockey and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandy) (Bandy) bandy ,[ 501]    and played in a star-studded hockey game on his 63rd birthday.[ 502]     Putin has been practicing (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judo) (Judo) judo since he was 11,[ 503]    before switching to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sambo_(martial_art)) (Sambo (martial art)) sambo at the age of fourteen.[ 504]    He won competitions in both sports in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Petersburg) (Saint Petersburg) Leningrad (now Saint Petersburg). He was awarded eighth (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan_(rank)) (Dan (rank)) dan of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_belt_(martial_arts)) (Black belt (martial arts)) black belt in 2012, becoming the first Russian to achieve the status.[ 505]    He was rewarded an eighth-degree karate black belt in 2014.[ 506]     He co-authored a book titled Learn Judo with Vladimir Putin in Russian (2000),[ l]    and Judo: History, Theory, Practice in English (2004).[ 507]    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Wittes) (Benjamin Wittes) Benjamin Wittes , a black belt in taekwondo and aikido and editor of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawfare_(website)) (Lawfare (website)) Lawfare  , has disputed Putin's martial arts skills, stating that there is no video evidence of Putin displaying any real noteworthy judo skills.[ 508]    [ 509]     In March 2022, Putin was removed from all positions in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Judo_Federation) (International Judo Federation) International Judo Federation (IJF) due to the Russo-Ukrainian war.[ 510]      Health  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   See also: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claims_of_Vladimir_Putin's_incapacity_and_death) (Claims of Vladimir Putin's incapacity and death) Claims of Vladimir Putin's incapacity and death  In July 2022, the director of the U.S. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency) (Central Intelligence Agency) Central Intelligence Agency , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_J._Burns_(diplomat)) (William J. Burns (diplomat)) William Burns , stated they had no evidence to suggest Putin was unstable or in bad health. The statement was made because of increasing unconfirmed media speculation about Putin's health. Burns had previously been (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S._Ambassador_to_Russia) (U.S. Ambassador to Russia) U.S. ambassador to Russia , and had personally observed Putin for over two decades, including a personal meeting in November 2021. A Kremlin spokesperson also dismissed rumours of Putin's bad health.[ 511]     The Russian political magazine Sobesednik ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_language) (Russian language) Russian :  Собеседник (./Category:Articles_containing_Russian-language_text)  ) alleged in 2018 that Putin had a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensory_room) (Sensory room) sensory room installed in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolgiye_Borody_(residence)) (Dolgiye Borody (residence)) his private residence in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novgorod_Oblast) (Novgorod Oblast) Novgorod Oblast .[ 512]    The (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_House) (White House) White House , as well as Western generals, politicians, and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_analysts) (Political analysts) political analysts , have questioned Putin's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_disorder) (Mental disorder) mental health after two years of isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic.[ 513]    [ 514]    [ 515]     In April 2022, London tabloid newspaper (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)) (The Sun (United Kingdom)) The Sun  asserted that based on video footage Putin may have (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parkinson's_disease) (Parkinson's disease) Parkinson's disease .[ 516]    [ 517]    [ 518]    This speculation, which has not been supported by medical professionals, has spread in part due to Russia's invasion of Ukraine, which many saw as an irrational act.[ 518]    The (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kremlin) (Kremlin) Kremlin [ 516]    rejected the possibility of Parkinson's along with outside medical professionals, who stress that it is impossible to diagnose the condition based on video clips alone.[ 518]       Awards and honours  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_awards_and_honours_received_by_Vladimir_Putin) (List of awards and honours received by Vladimir Putin) List of awards and honours received by Vladimir Putin  At least fifteen countries have awarded Vladimir Putin civilian honors since 2001. Putin has been awarded (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honorary_doctorate) (Honorary doctorate) honorary doctorates and other awards from organizations across the world, but some of these were revoked after the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.[ 519]      Explanatory notes   ↑   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrey_Belousov) (Andrey Belousov) Andrey Belousov served as acting prime minister in 2020 when Mishustin tested positive for (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19) (COVID-19) COVID-19 .  ↑   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acting_President_of_Russia) (Acting President of Russia) Acting : 31 December 1999 – 7 May 2000  ↑   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acting_President_of_Russia) (Acting President of Russia) Acting : 9–16 August 1999  ↑   Now Saint Petersburg  ↑   The Putins officially announced their separation in 2013 and the Kremlin confirmed the divorce had been finalized in 2014; however, it has been alleged that Putin and Lyudmila divorced in 2008.[ 2]    [ 3]      ↑   Putin has two daughters with his ex-wife Lyudmila. He is also alleged to have a third daughter, with (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svetlana_Krivonogikh) (Svetlana Krivonogikh) Svetlana Krivonogikh ,[ 4]    and a fourth daughter and twin sons, or just two sons, with (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alina_Kabaeva) (Alina Kabaeva) Alina Kabaeva ,[ 5]    [ 6]    although these reports have not been officially confirmed.  ↑   In this name that follows (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Slavic_naming_customs) (East Slavic naming customs) East Slavic naming customs , the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patronymic) (Patronymic) patronymic is Vladimirovich  and the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surname) (Surname) family name is Putin .   ↑   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English) (Help:IPA/English) /(/ˈ/: primary stress follows) ˈ ('p' in 'pie') p (/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose') uː ('t' in 'tie') t (/ɪ/: 'i' in 'kit') ɪ ('n' in 'nigh') n  /   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key) (Help:Pronunciation respelling key) (English pronunciation respelling) POO -tin  ; Russian: Владимир Владимирович Путин (./Category:Articles_containing_Russian-language_text)  , pronounced (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/Russian) (Help:IPA/Russian) [ vlɐˈdʲimʲɪr vlɐˈdʲimʲɪrəvʲɪtɕ ˈputʲɪn]   (//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/23/Ru-Vladimir_Vladimirovich_Putin.ogg/Ru-Vladimir_Vladimirovich_Putin.ogg.mp3) (Play audio)      (/wiki/File:Ru-Vladimir_Vladimirovich_Putin.ogg) (File:Ru-Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin.ogg) ⓘ   (./Category:Pages_with_Russian_IPA)  (./Category:Pages_including_recorded_pronunciations)  [ g]      ↑   Putin, who took office as prime minister on 9 August 1999, concurrently served as acting president of Russia from 31 December 1999 to 7 May 2000, when he took office as president.  ↑   Many argued that Putin was the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_facto) (De facto) de facto  leader of Russia between 2008 and 2012; see (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medvedev–Putin_tandemocracy) (Medvedev–Putin tandemocracy) Medvedev–Putin tandemocracy .  ↑   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_language) (Russian language) Russian : хозяйственное право , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian) (Romanization of Russian) romanized :  (Russian-language romanization) khozyaystvennoye pravo  (./Category:Articles_containing_Russian-language_text)  .  ↑   Russian: Учимся дзюдо с Владимиром Путиным (./Category:Articles_containing_Russian-language_text)       References  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1327269900)   ↑   (Paid subscription required) (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/vladimir-putin/9223621/Vladimir-Putin-quits-as-head-of-Russias-ruling-party.html) "Vladimir Putin quits as head of Russia's ruling party"  . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) (The Daily Telegraph) The Telegraph  . 24 April 2012. (https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/vladimir-putin/9223621/Vladimir-Putin-quits-as-head-of-Russias-ruling-party.html) Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 20 March 2022 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Vladimir+Putin+quits+as+head+of+Russia%27s+ruling+party&rft.date=2012-04-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Fvladimir-putin%2F9223621%2FVladimir-Putin-quits-as-head-of-Russias-ruling-party.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    1  2  3   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.rferl.org/a/1109593.html) "Putin Romance Rumors Keep Public Riveted" . Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 18 April 2008. (https://web.archive.org/web/20200519113613/https://www.rferl.org/a/1109593.html) Archived from the original on 19 May 2020. Retrieved 3 October 2021 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Putin+Romance+Rumors+Keep+Public+Riveted&rft.pub=Radio+Free+Europe%2FRadio+Liberty&rft.date=2008-04-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2Fa%2F1109593.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Herszenhorn, David M. (5 May 2012). (Free registration required) (https://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/06/world/europe/preparing-return-to-presidency-putin-keeps-his-private-life-off-limits.html) "In the Spotlight of Power, Putin Keeps His Private Life Veiled in Shadows"  . The New York Times . New York City. (https://web.archive.org/web/20120509010405/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/05/06/world/europe/preparing-return-to-presidency-putin-keeps-his-private-life-off-limits.html) Archived from the original on 9 May 2012. Retrieved 3 October 2021 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=In+the+Spotlight+of+Power%2C+Putin+Keeps+His+Private+Life+Veiled+in+Shadows&rft.date=2012-05-05&rft.aulast=Herszenhorn&rft.aufirst=David+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F05%2F06%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fpreparing-return-to-presidency-putin-keeps-his-private-life-off-limits.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Zakharov, Andrey; (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Badanin) (Roman Badanin) Badanin, Roman ; Rubin, Mikhail (25 November 2020). (https://maski-proekt.media/putin-secret-family/index.html) "An investigation into how a close acquaintance of Vladimir Putin attained a piece of Russia" . maski-proekt.media . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proekt) (Proekt) Proekt . (https://web.archive.org/web/20201125093709/https://maski-proekt.media/putin-secret-family/index.html) Archived from the original on 25 November 2020. Retrieved 5 October 2021 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=maski-proekt.media&rft.atitle=An+investigation+into+how+a+close+acquaintance+of+Vladimir+Putin+attained+a+piece+of+Russia&rft.date=2020-11-25&rft.aulast=Zakharov&rft.aufirst=Andrey&rft.au=Badanin%2C+Roman&rft.au=Rubin%2C+Mikhail&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmaski-proekt.media%2Fputin-secret-family%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Campbell, Matthew (26 May 2019). (Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required) (https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/kremlin-silent-on-reports-vladimir-putin-and-alina-kabaeva-his-secret-first-lady-have-had-twins-dqvrpkrgc) "Kremlin silent on reports Vladimir Putin and Alina Kabaeva, his 'secret first lady', have had twins"  . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times) (The Times) The Times  . Retrieved 3 October 2021 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Kremlin+silent+on+reports+Vladimir+Putin+and+Alina+Kabaeva%2C+his+%27secret+first+lady%27%2C+have+had+twins&rft.date=2019-05-26&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fkremlin-silent-on-reports-vladimir-putin-and-alina-kabaeva-his-secret-first-lady-have-had-twins-dqvrpkrgc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Besson, Sylvain; Odehnal, Bernhard (30 April 2022). (https://www.derbund.ch/putins-sohn-wurde-im-tessin-geboren-648161452864) "Russisches Staatsgeheimnis – Putins Sohn wurde im Tessin geboren" [ Russian state secret – Putin's son was born in Ticino] . Der Bund (in German). Retrieved 1 May 2022 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Der+Bund&rft.atitle=Russisches+Staatsgeheimnis+%E2%80%93+Putins+Sohn+wurde+im+Tessin+geboren&rft.date=2022-04-30&rft.aulast=Besson&rft.aufirst=Sylvain&rft.au=Odehnal%2C+Bernhard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.derbund.ch%2Fputins-sohn-wurde-im-tessin-geboren-648161452864&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)  (./Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de))    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20260226012035/https://www.eju.net/8th-dan-attributed-to-vladimir-putin/) "8th Dan attributed to Vladimir Putin" . eju.net. 10 April 2012. Archived from (https://www.eju.net/8th-dan-attributed-to-vladimir-putin/) the original on 26 February 2026. Retrieved 29 January 2026 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=8th+Dan+attributed+to+Vladimir+Putin&rft.pub=eju.net&rft.date=2012-04-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eju.net%2F8th-dan-attributed-to-vladimir-putin%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.cfts-karate.co.uk/post/vladimir-putin-earns-honorary-8th-dan-kyokushin) "Vladimir Putin Earns Honorary 8th Dan Kyokushin" . cfts-karate.co.uk. 6 April 2016. Retrieved 29 January 2026 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vladimir+Putin+Earns+Honorary+8th+Dan+Kyokushin&rft.pub=cfts-karate.co.uk&rft.date=2016-04-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cfts-karate.co.uk%2Fpost%2Fvladimir-putin-earns-honorary-8th-dan-kyokushin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-putin-timeline-idUSKCN1UZ185) "Timeline: Vladimir Putin – 20 tumultuous years as Russian President or PM" . Reuters . 9 August 2019. (https://web.archive.org/web/20211129195453/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-putin-timeline-idUSKCN1UZ185) Archived from the original on 29 November 2021. Retrieved 29 November 2021 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Timeline%3A+Vladimir+Putin+%E2%80%93+20+tumultuous+years+as+Russian+President+or+PM&rft.date=2019-08-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-russia-putin-timeline-idUSKCN1UZ185&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑    (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Paul Kirby (17 March 2024). (https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-15047823) "Vladimir Putin: Russia's action man president" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_News) (BBC News) BBC News  . (https://web.archive.org/web/20220326221957/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-15047823) Archived from the original on 26 March 2022. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Vladimir+Putin%3A+Russia%27s+action+man+president&rft.date=2024-03-17&rft.au=Paul+Kirby&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-15047823&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Andrew Roth (5 April 2021). (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/apr/05/vladimir-putin-passes-law-that-may-keep-him-in-office-until-2036) "Vladimir Putin passes law that may keep him in office until 2036" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian) (The Guardian) The Guardian  . (https://web.archive.org/web/20221118081700/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/apr/05/vladimir-putin-passes-law-that-may-keep-him-in-office-until-2036) Archived from the original on 18 November 2022. Retrieved 15 November 2022 . After serving his first two terms in office, Putin assumed the post of prime minister in 2008 due to term limits but nonetheless remained the country's de facto leader  (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Vladimir+Putin+passes+law+that+may+keep+him+in+office+until+2036&rft.date=2021-04-05&rft.au=Andrew+Roth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2021%2Fapr%2F05%2Fvladimir-putin-passes-law-that-may-keep-him-in-office-until-2036&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://freedomhouse.org/country/russia/freedom-world/2022) "Russia: Freedom in the World 2022 Country Report" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_House) (Freedom House) Freedom House  . 2022. (https://web.archive.org/web/20221114154349/https://freedomhouse.org/country/russia/freedom-world/2022) Archived from the original on 14 November 2022. He served two four-year presidential terms from 2000 to 2008, then remained the de facto paramount leader while working as prime minister until he returned to the presidency in 2012, violating the spirit if not the letter of the constitution's two-term limit  (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Freedom+House&rft.atitle=Russia%3A+Freedom+in+the+World+2022+Country+Report&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffreedomhouse.org%2Fcountry%2Frussia%2Ffreedom-world%2F2022&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Данила Гальперович (2 February 2019). (https://www.golosameriki.com/a/putin-ponars-experts/4769656.html) "Четвертый срок Путина: как пройдет и чем кончится?" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Голос_Америки) (Голос Америки) Голос Америки  (in Russian). (https://web.archive.org/web/20221115113417/https://www.golosameriki.com/a/putin-ponars-experts/4769656.html) Archived from the original on 15 November 2022. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81+%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8&rft.atitle=%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D1%81%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA+%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%3A+%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82+%D0%B8+%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BC+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%81%D1%8F%3F&rft.date=2019-02-02&rft.au=%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0+%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.golosameriki.com%2Fa%2Fputin-ponars-experts%2F4769656.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)  (./Category:CS1_Russian-language_sources_(ru))   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Vladimir Gelman (2022). (https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003218234-4/putin-era-vladimir-gel-man) "Putin's Era" . Routledge Handbook of Russian Politics and Society . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Routledge) (Routledge) Routledge . pp. 22– 32. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) (Doi (identifier)) doi :(https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781003218234-4) 10.4324/9781003218234-4 . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-00-321823-4) (Special:BookSources/978-1-00-321823-4) 978-1-00-321823-4  . (https://web.archive.org/web/20221115113417/https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781003218234-4/putin-era-vladimir-gel-man) Archived from the original on 15 November 2022. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Putin%27s+Era&rft.btitle=Routledge+Handbook+of+Russian+Politics+and+Society&rft.pages=22-32&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2022&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9781003218234-4&rft.isbn=978-1-00-321823-4&rft.au=Vladimir+Gelman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.taylorfrancis.com%2Fchapters%2Fedit%2F10.4324%2F9781003218234-4%2Fputin-era-vladimir-gel-man&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Sergey Radchenko; Baurzhan Rakhmetov (6 August 2020). (https://web.archive.org/web/20200806165312/https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/08/06/putin-ruling-russia-like-a-kazakhstan-kyrgyzstan-uzbekistan-tajikistan-belarus-central-asian-dictator/) "Putin Is Ruling Russia Like a Central Asian Dictator" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_Policy) (Foreign Policy) Foreign Policy  . Archived from (https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/08/06/putin-ruling-russia-like-a-kazakhstan-kyrgyzstan-uzbekistan-tajikistan-belarus-central-asian-dictator/) the original on 6 August 2020. In office since 2000, when he was first elected president, Putin has ruled Russia continuously for two decades. (He did step down briefly, taking the position of prime minister from 2008 to 2012, but no one had any illusions as to who actually remained in charge)  (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Policy&rft.atitle=Putin+Is+Ruling+Russia+Like+a+Central+Asian+Dictator&rft.date=2020-08-06&rft.au=Sergey+Radchenko&rft.au=Baurzhan+Rakhmetov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforeignpolicy.com%2F2020%2F08%2F06%2Fputin-ruling-russia-like-a-kazakhstan-kyrgyzstan-uzbekistan-tajikistan-belarus-central-asian-dictator%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuters) (Reuters) Reuters  and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post) (The Washington Post) The Washington Post  have called him the de facto leader since 31 December 1999: (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  David Filipov; Andrew Rot (6 December 2017). (https://web.archive.org/web/20191017044755/https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/vladimir-putin-says-hell-run-for-reelection-nobody-is-surprised/2017/12/06/4f44cb8a-da93-11e7-a241-0848315642d0_story.html) "Vladimir Putin says he'll run for reelection. Nobody is surprised" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post) (The Washington Post) The Washington Post  . Archived from (https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/vladimir-putin-says-hell-run-for-reelection-nobody-is-surprised/2017/12/06/4f44cb8a-da93-11e7-a241-0848315642d0_story.html) the original on 17 October 2019. Putin has been the de facto leader of Russia since Boris Yeltsin resigned on New Year's Eve 1999  (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Vladimir+Putin+says+he%27ll+run+for+reelection.+Nobody+is+surprised&rft.date=2017-12-06&rft.au=David+Filipov&rft.au=Andrew+Rot&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Fvladimir-putin-says-hell-run-for-reelection-nobody-is-surprised%2F2017%2F12%2F06%2F4f44cb8a-da93-11e7-a241-0848315642d0_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Guy Faulconbridge (3 May 2022). (https://www.reuters.com/world/putin-signs-decree-new-retaliatory-sanctions-against-west-kremlin-2022-05-03/) "Putin puts West on notice: Moscow can terminate exports and deals" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuters) (Reuters) Reuters  . (https://web.archive.org/web/20221107055005/https://www.reuters.com/world/putin-signs-decree-new-retaliatory-sanctions-against-west-kremlin-2022-05-03/) Archived from the original on 7 November 2022. Retrieved 15 November 2022 . Putin, Russia's paramount leader since 1999, signed <...>  (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Putin+puts+West+on+notice%3A+Moscow+can+terminate+exports+and+deals&rft.date=2022-05-03&rft.au=Guy+Faulconbridge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Fputin-signs-decree-new-retaliatory-sanctions-against-west-kremlin-2022-05-03%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)       1  2   Putin: Russia's Choice , (Routledge 2007), by (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Sakwa) (Richard Sakwa) Richard Sakwa , Chapter 9.  1  2   Judah, Ben, Fragile Empire: How Russia Fell In and Out of Love with Vladimir Putin , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yale_University_Press) (Yale University Press) Yale University Press , 2013, p. 17  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-chechnya-violence/fighting-in-volatile-chechnya-kills-13-rebels-police-agency-idUSBRE90N0LW20130124) "Fighting in volatile Chechnya kills 13 rebels, police: agency" . Reuters . 24 January 2013. (https://web.archive.org/web/20190909001955/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-chechnya-violence/fighting-in-volatile-chechnya-kills-13-rebels-police-agency-idUSBRE90N0LW20130124) Archived from the original on 9 September 2019. Retrieved 11 November 2023 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Fighting+in+volatile+Chechnya+kills+13+rebels%2C+police%3A+agency&rft.date=2013-01-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-russia-chechnya-violence%2Ffighting-in-volatile-chechnya-kills-13-rebels-police-agency-idUSBRE90N0LW20130124&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.rferl.org/a/putin_mistakes_could_bring_back_1990s_woes/24362626.html) "Putin Warns 'Mistakes' Could Bring Back '90s Woes" . Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. 17 October 2011. (https://web.archive.org/web/20210509201850/https://www.rferl.org/a/putin_mistakes_could_bring_back_1990s_woes/24362626.html) Archived from the original on 9 May 2021. Retrieved 11 November 2023 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Putin+Warns+%27Mistakes%27+Could+Bring+Back+%2790s+Woes&rft.pub=Radio+Free+Europe%2FRadio+Liberty&rft.date=2011-10-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2Fa%2Fputin_mistakes_could_bring_back_1990s_woes%2F24362626.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Kramer, Andrew E. (18 February 2020). (https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/18/business/russia-economic-growth.html) "Pessimistic Outlook in Russia Slows Investment, and the Economy" . The New York Times . (https://web.archive.org/web/20220215102525/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/02/18/business/russia-economic-growth.html) Archived from the original on 15 February 2022. Retrieved 22 March 2023 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Pessimistic+Outlook+in+Russia+Slows+Investment%2C+and+the+Economy&rft.date=2020-02-18&rft.aulast=Kramer&rft.aufirst=Andrew+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F02%2F18%2Fbusiness%2Frussia-economic-growth.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://apnews.com/article/russia-putin-signs-law-allows-2-more-terms-d9acdada71b75c3daeafb389782fed4b) "Putin signs law allowing him 2 more terms as Russia's leader" . AP News . 5 April 2021. Retrieved 28 December 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP+News&rft.atitle=Putin+signs+law+allowing+him+2+more+terms+as+Russia%27s+leader&rft.date=2021-04-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Frussia-putin-signs-law-allows-2-more-terms-d9acdada71b75c3daeafb389782fed4b&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.cnn.com/2021/04/05/europe/putin-russia-presidential-term-intl-hnk) "Putin signs law allowing him to run for two more terms as Russian President" . CNN . 6 April 2021. Retrieved 28 December 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Putin+signs+law+allowing+him+to+run+for+two+more+terms+as+Russian+President&rft.date=2021-04-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2021%2F04%2F05%2Feurope%2Fputin-russia-presidential-term-intl-hnk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.icc-cpi.int/news/situation-ukraine-icc-judges-issue-arrest-warrants-against-vladimir-vladimirovich-putin-and) "Situation in Ukraine: ICC judges issue arrest warrants against Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin and Maria Alekseyevna Lvova-Belova" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Criminal_Court) (International Criminal Court) International Criminal Court . (https://web.archive.org/web/20230317151628/https://www.icc-cpi.int/news/situation-ukraine-icc-judges-issue-arrest-warrants-against-vladimir-vladimirovich-putin-and) Archived from the original on 17 March 2023. Retrieved 24 April 2023 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Situation+in+Ukraine%3A+ICC+judges+issue+arrest+warrants+against+Vladimir+Vladimirovich+Putin+and+Maria+Alekseyevna+Lvova-Belova&rft.pub=International+Criminal+Court&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.icc-cpi.int%2Fnews%2Fsituation-ukraine-icc-judges-issue-arrest-warrants-against-vladimir-vladimirovich-putin-and&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://apnews.com/article/icc-putin-war-crimes-ukraine-9857eb68d827340394960eccf0589253) "International court issues war crimes warrant for Putin" . AP News . 17 March 2023. (https://web.archive.org/web/20230317153603/https://apnews.com/article/icc-putin-war-crimes-ukraine-9857eb68d827340394960eccf0589253) Archived from the original on 17 March 2023. Retrieved 24 March 2023 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP+News&rft.atitle=International+court+issues+war+crimes+warrant+for+Putin&rft.date=2023-03-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Ficc-putin-war-crimes-ukraine-9857eb68d827340394960eccf0589253&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://novayagazeta.eu/articles/2024/03/19/at-least-22-million-fake-votes-cast-for-putin-in-presidential-election-en-news) "At least 22 million fake votes cast for Putin in presidential election" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novaya_Gazeta) (Novaya Gazeta) Novaya Gazeta  . 19 March 2024. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) (ISSN (identifier)) ISSN  (https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1606-4828) 1606-4828 . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)) (WDQ (identifier)) Wikidata  (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q125026372) (d:Q125026372) Q125026372 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Novaya+Gazeta&rft.atitle=At+least+22+million+fake+votes+cast+for+Putin+in+presidential+election&rft.date=2024-03-19&rft.issn=1606-4828&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnovayagazeta.eu%2Farticles%2F2024%2F03%2F19%2Fat-least-22-million-fake-votes-cast-for-putin-in-presidential-election-en-news&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)  {{(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_journal) (Template:Cite journal) cite journal }} :  CS1 maint: url-status ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_url-status) (Category:CS1 maint: url-status) link ) (./Category:CS1_maint:_url-status)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://novayagazeta.eu/articles/2024/03/18/novaia-evropa-okolo-poloviny-golosov-za-vladimira-putina-na-prezidentskikh-vyborakh-byli-vbrosheny-news) "Исследование «Новой-Европа»: около половины голосов за Владимира Путина на президентских выборах были вброшены" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novaya_Gazeta) (Novaya Gazeta) Novaya Gazeta  (in Russian). 18 March 2024. (https://web.archive.org/web/20240318134823/https://novayagazeta.eu/articles/2024/03/18/novaia-evropa-okolo-poloviny-golosov-za-vladimira-putina-na-prezidentskikh-vyborakh-byli-vbrosheny-news) Archived from the original on 18 March 2024. Retrieved 18 March 2024 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Novaya+Gazeta&rft.atitle=%D0%98%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%C2%AB%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9-%D0%95%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%C2%BB%3A+%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%B7%D0%B0+%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0+%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85+%D0%B1%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%B2%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8B&rft.date=2024-03-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnovayagazeta.eu%2Farticles%2F2024%2F03%2F18%2Fnovaia-evropa-okolo-poloviny-golosov-za-vladimira-putina-na-prezidentskikh-vyborakh-byli-vbrosheny-news&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)  (./Category:CS1_Russian-language_sources_(ru))    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://meduza.io/en/feature/2024/03/21/putin-2024) "Putin 2024 - Meduza breaks down the evidence pointing to the most fraudulent elections in modern Russian history" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meduza_(website)) (Meduza (website)) Meduza  . 20 March 2024. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WDQ_(identifier)) (WDQ (identifier)) Wikidata  (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q125025516) (d:Q125025516) Q125025516 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Meduza&rft.atitle=Putin+2024+-+Meduza+breaks+down+the+evidence+pointing+to+the+most+fraudulent+elections+in+modern+Russian+history&rft.date=2024-03-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmeduza.io%2Fen%2Ffeature%2F2024%2F03%2F21%2Fputin-2024&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)  {{(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Cite_journal) (Template:Cite journal) cite journal }} :  CS1 maint: url-status ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_url-status) (Category:CS1 maint: url-status) link ) (./Category:CS1_maint:_url-status)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2024/03/18/russian-presidential-vote-an-imitation-election-watchdog-golos-says-a84511) "Russian Presidential Vote an 'Imitation,' Election Watchdog Golos Says" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Moscow_Times) (The Moscow Times) The Moscow Times  . 18 March 2024. (https://web.archive.org/web/20240318171355/https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2024/03/18/russian-presidential-vote-an-imitation-election-watchdog-golos-says-a84511) Archived from the original on 18 March 2024. Retrieved 19 March 2024 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Moscow+Times&rft.atitle=Russian+Presidential+Vote+an+%27Imitation%2C%27+Election+Watchdog+Golos+Says&rft.date=2024-03-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.themoscowtimes.com%2F2024%2F03%2F18%2Frussian-presidential-vote-an-imitation-election-watchdog-golos-says-a84511&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Gill, Graeme (2016). (http://www.cambridge.org/us/academic/subjects/politics-international-relations/russian-and-east-european-government-politics-and-policy/building-authoritarian-polity-russia-post-soviet-times?format=HB&isbn=9781107130081) Building an Authoritarian Polity: Russia in Post-Soviet Times  (hardback ed.). Cambridge University Press. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-13008-1) (Special:BookSources/978-1-107-13008-1) 978-1-107-13008-1  . (https://web.archive.org/web/20180724222211/http://www.cambridge.org/us/academic/subjects/politics-international-relations/russian-and-east-european-government-politics-and-policy/building-authoritarian-polity-russia-post-soviet-times?format=HB&isbn=9781107130081) Archived from the original on 24 July 2018. Retrieved 11 November 2023 . 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(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) (Doi (identifier)) doi :(https://doi.org/10.1017%2F9781316761649) 10.1017/9781316761649 . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-316-76164-9) (Special:BookSources/978-1-316-76164-9) 978-1-316-76164-9  . Archived from (http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ref/id/CBO9781316761649) the original on 11 December 2019. Retrieved 24 July 2018 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origins+of+Dominant+Parties%3A+Building+Authoritarian+Institutions+in+Post-Soviet+Russia&rft.edition=E-book&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2F9781316761649&rft.isbn=978-1-316-76164-9&rft.aulast=Reuter&rft.aufirst=Ora+John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Febooks.cambridge.org%2Fref%2Fid%2FCBO9781316761649&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Frye, Timothy (2021). (https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691212463/weak-strongman) Weak Strongman: The Limits of Power in Putin's Russia  . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princeton_University_Press) (Princeton University Press) Princeton University Press . p. (./Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_February_2022)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) (Wikipedia:Citing sources) (This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (February 2022)) page needed   ]  . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-21246-3) (Special:BookSources/978-0-691-21246-3) 978-0-691-21246-3  . (https://web.archive.org/web/20220225005434/https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691212463/weak-strongman) Archived from the original on 25 February 2022. Retrieved 11 November 2023 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Weak+Strongman%3A+The+Limits+of+Power+in+Putin%27s+Russia&rft.pages=Category%3AWikipedia+articles+needing+page+number+citations+from+February+2022%26%2391%3BWikipedia%3ACiting+sources%7Cpage-needed%26%2393%3B&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-0-691-21246-3&rft.aulast=Frye&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpress.princeton.edu%2Fbooks%2Fhardcover%2F9780691212463%2Fweak-strongman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20100514164020/http://premier.gov.ru/eng/premier/biography.html) "Prime Minister of the Russian Federation – Biography" . 14 May 2010. Archived from (http://premier.gov.ru/eng/premier/biography.html) the original on 14 May 2010. Retrieved 31 July 2015 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prime+Minister+of+the+Russian+Federation+%E2%80%93+Biography&rft.date=2010-05-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpremier.gov.ru%2Feng%2Fpremier%2Fbiography.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.reuters.com/article/russia-putin-family/putin-says-grandfather-cooked-for-stalin-and-lenin-idINKCN1GN0P7) "Putin says grandfather cooked for Stalin and Lenin" . Reuters . 11 March 2018. (https://web.archive.org/web/20220226111344/https://www.reuters.com/article/russia-putin-family/putin-says-grandfather-cooked-for-stalin-and-lenin-idINKCN1GN0P7) Archived from the original on 26 February 2022. Retrieved 30 January 2021 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Putin+says+grandfather+cooked+for+Stalin+and+Lenin&rft.date=2018-03-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Frussia-putin-family%2Fputin-says-grandfather-cooked-for-stalin-and-lenin-idINKCN1GN0P7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Sebestyen, Victor (2018), Lenin the Dictator , London: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weidenfeld_&_Nicolson) (Weidenfeld & Nicolson) Weidenfeld & Nicolson , p. 422, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4746-0105-4) (Special:BookSources/978-1-4746-0105-4) 978-1-4746-0105-4   (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lenin+the+Dictator&rft.place=London&rft.pages=422&rft.pub=Weidenfeld+%26+Nicolson&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-4746-0105-4&rft.aulast=Sebestyen&rft.aufirst=Victor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Barry, Ellen (27 January 2012). (https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/28/world/europe/vladimir-putin-describes-loss-of-a-brother-at-ceremony.html) "At Event, a Rare Look at Putin's Life" . The New York Times . (https://web.archive.org/web/20120128115602/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/28/world/europe/vladimir-putin-describes-loss-of-a-brother-at-ceremony.html) Archived from the original on 28 January 2012. Retrieved 27 March 2022 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=At+Event%2C+a+Rare+Look+at+Putin%27s+Life&rft.date=2012-01-27&rft.aulast=Barry&rft.aufirst=Ellen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F01%2F28%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fvladimir-putin-describes-loss-of-a-brother-at-ceremony.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Pasha-Robinson, Lucy (9 October 2016). (https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/putins-brother-died-siege-leningrad-which-bears-striking-resemblance-syrian-crisis-1585531) "Putin's brother died in Siege of Leningrad, which bears striking resemblance to Syrian crisis" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Business_Times) (International Business Times) International Business Times  . (https://web.archive.org/web/20161010174822/https://www.ibtimes.co.uk/putins-brother-died-siege-leningrad-which-bears-striking-resemblance-syrian-crisis-1585531) Archived from the original on 10 October 2016. Retrieved 27 March 2022 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Business+Times&rft.atitle=Putin%27s+brother+died+in+Siege+of+Leningrad%2C+which+bears+striking+resemblance+to+Syrian+crisis&rft.date=2016-10-09&rft.aulast=Pasha-Robinson&rft.aufirst=Lucy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibtimes.co.uk%2Fputins-brother-died-siege-leningrad-which-bears-striking-resemblance-syrian-crisis-1585531&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Vladimir Putin; Nataliya Gevorkyan; Natalya Timakova; Andrei Kolesnikov (2000). (Free registration required) (https://archive.org/details/firstpersonaston00puti/page/208) First Person   . trans. Catherine A. Fitzpatrick. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PublicAffairs) (PublicAffairs) PublicAffairs . p. (https://archive.org/details/firstpersonaston00puti/page/208) 208 . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58648-018-9) (Special:BookSources/978-1-58648-018-9) 978-1-58648-018-9  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=First+Person&rft.pages=208&rft.pub=PublicAffairs&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-58648-018-9&rft.au=Vladimir+Putin&rft.au=Nataliya+Gevorkyan&rft.au=Natalya+Timakova&rft.au=Andrei+Kolesnikov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffirstpersonaston00puti%2Fpage%2F208&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (https://www.nytimes.com/books/first/p/putin-first.html) First Person An Astonishingly Frank Self-Portrait by Russia's President Vladimir Putin (https://web.archive.org/web/20180312213049/http://www.nytimes.com/books/first/p/putin-first.html) Archived 12 March 2018 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)  The New York Times , 2000.  ↑   (https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-mar-19-mn-10446-story.html) Putin's Obscure Path From KGB to Kremlin . Los Angeles Times , 19 March 2000.  1  2  3   ( Sakwa 2008 , p.  3)   ↑   Sakwa, Richard. Putin Redux: Power and Contradiction in Contemporary Russia (2014), p. 2.  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://russia.rin.ru/guides_e/2637.html) "Prime Minister" . Russia.rin.ru. (https://web.archive.org/web/20220211191445/https://russia.rin.ru/guides_e/2637.html) Archived from the original on 11 February 2022. Retrieved 24 September 2011 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Prime+Minister&rft.pub=Russia.rin.ru&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frussia.rin.ru%2Fguides_e%2F2637.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Truscott, Peter (2005). (https://books.google.com/books?id=2jzf8FsShUgC&q=marx) Putin's Progress: A Biography of Russia's Enigmatic President, Vladimir Putin  . Pocket Books. p. 40. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7434-9607-0) (Special:BookSources/978-0-7434-9607-0) 978-0-7434-9607-0  . (https://web.archive.org/web/20230405024632/https://books.google.com/books?id=2jzf8FsShUgC&q=marx) Archived from the original on 5 April 2023. Retrieved 25 February 2022 – via Google Books. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Putin%27s+Progress%3A+A+Biography+of+Russia%27s+Enigmatic+President%2C+Vladimir+Putin&rft.pages=40&rft.pub=Pocket+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7434-9607-0&rft.aulast=Truscott&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2jzf8FsShUgC%26q%3Dmarx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20151119182033/http://www.haaretz.com/world-news/1.582099) "In Tel Aviv, Putin's German Teacher Recalls 'Disciplined' Student" . Haaretz . 26 March 2014. Archived from (https://www.haaretz.com/news/world/1.582099) the original on 19 November 2015. Retrieved 16 April 2016 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=In+Tel+Aviv%2C+Putin%27s+German+Teacher+Recalls+%27Disciplined%27+Student&rft.date=2014-03-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2F1.582099&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e1pLgS3vad0) "Russian President speaks at Reichstag" . www.youtube.com . 25 September 2001. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.youtube.com&rft.atitle=Russian+President+speaks+at+Reichstag&rft.date=2001-09-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3De1pLgS3vad0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    1  2  3  4   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Hoffman, David (30 January 2000). (https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/inatl/longterm/russiagov/putin.htm) "Putin's Career Rooted in Russia's KGB" . The Washington Post . (https://web.archive.org/web/20190623173752/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/inatl/longterm/russiagov/putin.htm) Archived from the original on 23 June 2019. Retrieved 23 May 2021 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Putin%27s+Career+Rooted+in+Russia%27s+KGB&rft.date=2000-01-30&rft.aulast=Hoffman&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-srv%2Finatl%2Flongterm%2Frussiagov%2Fputin.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   Lynch, Allen. (https://books.google.com/books?id=uT1aD0D5FRAC&pg=PA15) Vladimir Putin and Russian Statecraft  , p. 15 (Potomac Books 2011).  ↑   Владимир Путин. От Первого Лица . (http://www.kremlin.ru/articles/bookchapter6.shtml) Chapter 6 (https://web.archive.org/web/20090630150907/http://www.kremlin.ru/articles/bookchapter6.shtml) Archived 30 June 2009 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Pribylovsky) (Vladimir Pribylovsky) Pribylovsky, Vladimir (2010). (http://scilla.ru/works/knigi/vlast2010.pdf) "Valdimir Putin" (PDF) . Власть – 2010 (60 биографий) (in Russian). Moscow: Panorama. pp. 132– 139. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-5-94420-038-9) (Special:BookSources/978-5-94420-038-9) 978-5-94420-038-9  . (https://web.archive.org/web/20130731145504/http://scilla.ru/works/knigi/vlast2010.pdf) Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 July 2013. Retrieved 1 August 2010 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Valdimir+Putin&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C+%E2%80%93+2010+%2860+%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%B9%29&rft.place=Moscow&rft.pages=132-139&rft.pub=Panorama&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-5-94420-038-9&rft.aulast=Pribylovsky&rft.aufirst=Vladimir&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscilla.ru%2Fworks%2Fknigi%2Fvlast2010.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)  (./Category:CS1_uses_Russian-language_script_(ru))  (./Category:CS1_Russian-language_sources_(ru))    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Vartanov, Mikhail (28 March 2006). (https://web.archive.org/web/20160818065327/https://www.gazeta.ru/2006/03/28/oa_193799.shtml) "Путина не смогли завалить 'чёрные рецензенты' " [ Putin could not fill up 'black reviewers'] (in Russian). (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazeta.Ru) (Gazeta.Ru) Gazeta.Ru . Archived from (https://www.gazeta.ru/2006/03/28/oa_193799.shtml) the original on 18 August 2016. Retrieved 30 August 2022 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D0%B5+%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C+%27%D1%87%D1%91%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B%27&rft.date=2006-03-28&rft.au=Vartanov%2C+Mikhail&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gazeta.ru%2F2006%2F03%2F28%2Foa_193799.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)  (./Category:CS1_Russian-language_sources_(ru))    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=akihe-AtpW8) "Russia's energy empire: Putin and the rise of Gazprom" . DW Documentary. YouTube. 3 February 2024. (https://web.archive.org/web/20240204024723/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=akihe-AtpW8) Archived from the original on 4 February 2024. Retrieved 4 February 2024 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Russia%27s+energy+empire%3A+Putin+and+the+rise+of+Gazprom&rft.date=2024-02-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Dakihe-AtpW8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Danchenko, Igor; Gaddy, Clifford (30 March 2006). (https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Putin-Dissertation-Event-remarks-with-slides.pdf) "The Mystery of Vladimir Putin's Dissertation" (PDF) . The Brookings Institution. (https://web.archive.org/web/20240225145253/https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Putin-Dissertation-Event-remarks-with-slides.pdf) Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 February 2024. Retrieved 6 February 2024 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Mystery+of+Vladimir+Putin%27s+Dissertation&rft.date=2006-03-30&rft.aulast=Danchenko&rft.aufirst=Igor&rft.au=Gaddy%2C+Clifford&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.brookings.edu%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2012%2F09%2FPutin-Dissertation-Event-remarks-with-slides.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   Harley Balzer, "The Putin Thesis and Russian Energy Policy" Post-Soviet Affairs , 2005, 21, 3, pp. 210–225.  1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Rosenberg, Matt (12 August 2016). (https://web.archive.org/web/20170205031730/http://geography.about.com/od/politicalgeography/fl/When-Was-St-Petersburg-Known-as-Petrograd-and-Leningrad.htm) "When Was St. Petersburg Known as Petrograd and Leningrad?" . About.com. Archived from (http://geography.about.com/od/politicalgeography/fl/When-Was-St-Petersburg-Known-as-Petrograd-and-Leningrad.htm) the original on 5 February 2017. Retrieved 16 September 2016 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=When+Was+St.+Petersburg+Known+as+Petrograd+and+Leningrad%3F&rft.pub=About.com&rft.date=2016-08-12&rft.aulast=Rosenberg&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgeography.about.com%2Fod%2Fpoliticalgeography%2Ffl%2FWhen-Was-St-Petersburg-Known-as-Petrograd-and-Leningrad.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   ( Sakwa 2008 , pp.  8–9)   ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Chris Hutchins (2012). (https://books.google.com/books?id=4kqWFqR0MPwC&pg=PA40) Putin  . Troubador Publishing Ltd. p. 40. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78088-114-0) (Special:BookSources/978-1-78088-114-0) 978-1-78088-114-0  . (https://web.archive.org/web/20231111195808/https://books.google.com/books?id=4kqWFqR0MPwC&pg=PA40#v=onepage&q&f=false) Archived from the original on 11 November 2023. Retrieved 19 January 2019 . But these were the honeymoon days and she was already expecting their first child when he was sent to Moscow for further training at the Yuri Andropov Red Banner Institute in September 1984 ... At Red Banner, students were given a nom de guerre beginning with the same letter as their surname. Thus, Comrade Putin became Comrade Platov.  (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Putin&rft.pages=40&rft.pub=Troubador+Publishing+Ltd&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-78088-114-0&rft.au=Chris+Hutchins&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4kqWFqR0MPwC%26pg%3DPA40&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Andrew Jack (2005). (https://books.google.com/books?id=OPdcCAAAQBAJ&pg=PT66) Inside Putin's Russia: Can There Be Reform without Democracy?  . Oxford University Press. p. 66. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-029336-9) (Special:BookSources/978-0-19-029336-9) 978-0-19-029336-9  . (https://web.archive.org/web/20231111195809/https://books.google.com/books?id=OPdcCAAAQBAJ&pg=PT66#v=onepage&q&f=false) Archived from the original on 11 November 2023. Retrieved 19 January 2019 . He returned to work in Leningrad's First Department for intelligence for four and a half years, and then attended the elite Andropov Red Banner Institute for intelligence training before his posting to the German Democratic Republic in 1985.  (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inside+Putin%27s+Russia%3A+Can+There+Be+Reform+without+Democracy%3F&rft.pages=66&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-19-029336-9&rft.au=Andrew+Jack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOPdcCAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT66&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Vladimir Putin; Nataliya Gevorkyan; Natalya Timakova; Andrei Kolesnikov (2000). (https://books.google.com/books?id=gcDv5Qww_2AC&pg=PA53) First Person: An Astonishingly Frank Self-Portrait by Russia's President Vladimir Putin  . Public Affairs. p. 53. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7867-2327-0) (Special:BookSources/978-0-7867-2327-0) 978-0-7867-2327-0  . (https://web.archive.org/web/20231111195814/https://books.google.com/books?id=gcDv5Qww_2AC&pg=PA53#v=onepage&q&f=false) Archived from the original on 11 November 2023. Retrieved 19 January 2019 . I worked there for about four and a half years, and then I went to Moscow for training at the Andropov Red Banner Institute, which is now the Academy of Foreign Intelligence.  (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=First+Person%3A+An+Astonishingly+Frank+Self-Portrait+by+Russia%27s+President+Vladimir+Putin&rft.pages=53&rft.pub=Public+Affairs&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-7867-2327-0&rft.au=Vladimir+Putin&rft.au=Nataliya+Gevorkyan&rft.au=Natalya+Timakova&rft.au=Andrei+Kolesnikov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgcDv5Qww_2AC%26pg%3DPA53&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-46525543) "Putin's Stasi spy ID pass found in Germany" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_News) (BBC News) BBC News  . 11 December 2018. (https://web.archive.org/web/20220324084844/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-46525543) Archived from the original on 24 March 2022. Retrieved 8 April 2023 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Herald+Tribune&rft.atitle=Putin+set+to+visit+Dresden%2C+the+place+of+his+work+as+a+KGB+spy%2C+to+tend+relations+with+Germany&rft.date=2006-10-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iht.com%2Farticles%2Fap%2F2006%2F10%2F09%2Feurope%2FEU_GEN_Germany_Russia.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20140727161603/https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/csi-studies/studies/vol-57-no-4/the-man-without-a-face-the-unlikely-rise-of-vladimir-putin-and-mr-putin-operative-in-the-kremlin.html) "The Man Without a Face: The Unlikely Rise of Vladimir Putin and Mr. Putin: Operative in the Kremlin — Central Intelligence Agency" . www.cia.gov . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Der+Spiegel&rft.atitle=Were+Vladimir+Putin%27s+Years+in+Germany+Less+Thrilling+than+the+Stories%3F&rft.date=2023-06-07&rft.aulast=R%C3%B6bel&rft.aufirst=Sven&rft.au=Tietze%2C+Wolfgang&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.spiegel.de%2Finternational%2Fgermany%2Fwere-vladimir-putin-s-years-in-germany-less-thrilling-than-the-stories-a-178de140-b799-472d-83bc-5e3b1adf65b2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://time.com/time-person-of-the-year-runner-up-vladimir-putin/) "Vladimir Putin, The Imperialist" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_(magazine)) (Time (magazine)) Time  . 10 December 2014. (https://web.archive.org/web/20220301153733/https://time.com/time-person-of-the-year-runner-up-vladimir-putin/) Archived from the original on 1 March 2022. Retrieved 11 December 2014 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Classifying+Russia%27s+Politics&rft.btitle=Developments+in+Russian+Politics+7&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-230-22449-0&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   ( Sakwa 2008 , pp.  42–43)   ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Okara, Andrei (July–September 2007). (https://web.archive.org/web/20160410080227/http://kms2.isn.ethz.ch/serviceengine/Files/RESSpecNet/39702/ichaptersection_singledocument/576378B1-E97E-4EC1-9894-FB6F430EA76E/en/02+Sover+Democracy.pdf) "Sovereign Democracy: A New Russian Idea Or a PR Project?" (PDF) . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia_in_Global_Affairs) (Russia in Global Affairs) Russia in Global Affairs  . 5 (3). 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sovereignty+is+a+Political+Synonym+of+Competitiveness&rft.date=2006-02-07&rft.aulast=Surkov&rft.aufirst=Vladislav&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.edinros.ru%2Fnews.html%3Fid%3D111148&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Åslund, Anders (6 May 2019). (https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/ukrainealert/the-illusions-of-putin-s-russia) "The Illusions of Putin's Russia" . Atlantic Council . Retrieved 16 June 2019 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Atlantic+Council&rft.atitle=The+Illusions+of+Putin%27s+Russia&rft.date=2019-05-06&rft.aulast=%C3%85slund&rft.aufirst=Anders&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.atlanticcouncil.org%2Fblogs%2Fukrainealert%2Fthe-illusions-of-putin-s-russia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   Lynch, Dov (2005). 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Carnegie+Endowment+for+International+Peace&rft.atitle=Russian+Media+Criticism+of+Vladimir+Putin%3A+Evidence+and+Significance&rft.date=2004-12-02&rft.au=Masha+Lipman&rft.au=Anders+Aslund&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.carnegieendowment.org%2Fevents%2Findex.cfm%3Ffa%3DeventDetail%26id%3D745&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.forbes.com/profile/arkady-rotenberg/) "Arkady Rotenberg" . Forbes . 2013. Retrieved 23 December 2013 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Arkady+Rotenberg&rft.date=2013&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fprofile%2Farkady-rotenberg%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Sharlet, Robert (2005). "In Search of the Rule of Law". In White; Gitelman; Sakwa (eds.). Developments in Russian Politics . Vol. 6. Duke University Press. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-3522-1) (Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-3522-1) 978-0-8223-3522-1  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=In+Search+of+the+Rule+of+Law&rft.btitle=Developments+in+Russian+Politics&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-8223-3522-1&rft.aulast=Sharlet&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Main, John. (2009). Russia country study guide : army and national . [Place of publication not identified]: Intl Business Pubns Usa. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4387-4042-3) (Special:BookSources/978-1-4387-4042-3) 978-1-4387-4042-3  . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) (OCLC (identifier)) OCLC  (https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/946230798) 946230798 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Russia+country+study+guide+%3A+army+and+national.&rft.place=%5BPlace+of+publication+not+identified%5D&rft.pub=Intl+Business+Pubns+Usa&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F946230798&rft.isbn=978-1-4387-4042-3&rft.au=Main%2C+John.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Dubow, Ben (8 February 2022). (https://cepa.org/article/with-enemies-like-russias-communists-putin-doesnt-need-friends/) "With Enemies Like Russia's Communists, Putin Doesn't Need Friends" . With Enemies Like Russia’s Communists, Putin Doesn’t Need Friends . Retrieved 28 October 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=With+Enemies+Like+Russia%E2%80%99s+Communists%2C+Putin+Doesn%E2%80%99t+Need+Friends&rft.atitle=With+Enemies+Like+Russia%27s+Communists%2C+Putin+Doesn%27t+Need+Friends&rft.date=2022-02-08&rft.aulast=Dubow&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcepa.org%2Farticle%2Fwith-enemies-like-russias-communists-putin-doesnt-need-friends%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei_Guriev) (Sergei Guriev) Guriyev, Sergey (16 August 2019). (https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2019/08/16/20-years-of-vladimir-putin-the-transformation-of-the-economy-a66854) "20 Years of Vladimir Putin: The Transformation of the Economy" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow_Times) (Moscow Times) Moscow Times  . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Moscow+Times&rft.atitle=Long+Read%3A+20+Years+of+Russia%27s+Economy+Under+Putin%2C+in+Numbers&rft.date=2019-08-19&rft.aulast=Aris&rft.aufirst=Ben&rft.au=Tkachev%2C+Ivan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.themoscowtimes.com%2F2019%2F08%2F19%2Flong-read-russias-economy-under-putin-in-numbers-a66924&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Becker, Torbjörn (15 March 2018). (https://freepolicybriefs.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/freepolicybrief_mar15.pdf) "The Russian Economy Under Putin (So Far)" (PDF) . freepolicybriefs.org . Free Network. p. 3. Retrieved 16 October 2020 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=freepolicybriefs.org&rft.atitle=The+Russian+Economy+Under+Putin+%28So+Far%29&rft.pages=3&rft.date=2018-03-15&rft.aulast=Becker&rft.aufirst=Torbj%C3%B6rn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffreepolicybriefs.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2018%2F03%2Ffreepolicybrief_mar15.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Malofeeva, Katya; Brenton, Tim (15 August 2007). (https://web.archive.org/web/20141018214852/http://russiaprofile.org/politics/a1187177738.html) "Putin's Economy – Eight Years On" . Russia Profile. Archived from (http://russiaprofile.org/politics/a1187177738.html) the original on 18 October 2014. Retrieved 23 April 2008 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Putin%27s+Economy+%E2%80%93+Eight+Years+On&rft.pub=Russia+Profile&rft.date=2007-08-15&rft.aulast=Malofeeva&rft.aufirst=Katya&rft.au=Brenton%2C+Tim&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frussiaprofile.org%2Fpolitics%2Fa1187177738.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   Iikka. Korhonen et al. (http://www.suomenpankki.fi/en/suomen_pankki/organisaatio/asiantuntijoita/Documents/bon0608.pdf) The challenges of the Medvedev era (https://web.archive.org/web/20120320025511/http://www.suomenpankki.fi/en/suomen_pankki/organisaatio/asiantuntijoita/Documents/bon0608.pdf) Archived 20 March 2012 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)  . Bank of Finland's Institute for Economies in Transition, 24 June 2008.  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.wto.org/english/thewto_e/acc_e/a1_russie_e.htm) "WTO | Accessions: Russian Federation" . wto.org . Retrieved 14 March 2019 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wto.org&rft.atitle=WTO+%7C+Accessions%3A+Russian+Federation&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wto.org%2Fenglish%2Fthewto_e%2Facc_e%2Fa1_russie_e.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/35095) "Владимир Путин учредил открытое акционерное общество "Объединенная авиастроительная корпорация" " [ Vladimir Putin established the United Aircraft Corporation, an open joint stock company] . Президент России (in Russian). 21 February 2006. Retrieved 16 October 2020 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=vesti.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%8A%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0+%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9&rft.date=2020-09-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vesti.ru%2Ffinance%2Farticle%2F2451850&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)  (./Category:CS1_Russian-language_sources_(ru))    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/western-sanctions-push-russias-energy-revenues-lowest-level-since-2020-2023-02-03/) "Western sanctions push Russia's energy revenues to lowest since 2020" . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Welle&rft.atitle=Russia%27s+TV+war+against+Ukraine&rft.date=2022-02-16&rft.aulast=Goncharenko&rft.aufirst=Roman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fhow-russian-media-outlets-are-preparing-an-attack-on-ukraine%2Fa-60801837&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Stengel, Richard (20 May 2022). (https://web.archive.org/web/20220818141722/https://time.com/6179221/putin-information-war-column/) "Putin May Be Winning the Information War Outside of the U.S. and Europe" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_(magazine)) (Time (magazine)) TIME  . Archived from (https://time.com/6179221/putin-information-war-column/) the original on 18 August 2022. Retrieved 16 June 2023 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kritika%3A+Explorations+in+Russian+%26+Eurasian+History&rft.atitle=Muscovy+and+Its+Mythologies&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=773-788&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A159746900%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1531-023X&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fkri.2011.0058&rft.aulast=Levin&rft.aufirst=Eve&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anton_Troianovski) (Anton Troianovski) Troianovski, Anton ; (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim_Rutenberg) (Jim Rutenberg) Rutenberg, Jim ; Sonne, Paul (6 February 2024). (https://www.nytimes.com/2024/02/06/world/europe/tucker-carlson-putin-interview.html) "Tucker Carlson Says His Putin Interview Will Be Shown on Thursday" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times) (The New York Times) The New York Times  . Retrieved 8 February 2024 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Tucker+Carlson+Says+His+Putin+Interview+Will+Be+Shown+on+Thursday&rft.date=2024-02-06&rft.aulast=Troianovski&rft.aufirst=Anton&rft.au=Rutenberg%2C+Jim&rft.au=Sonne%2C+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2024%2F02%2F06%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Ftucker-carlson-putin-interview.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   Sergei Prozorov, "Russian conservatism in the Putin presidency: The dispersion of a hegemonic discourse." Journal of Political Ideologies 10#2 (2005): 121–143.  ↑   Marlene Laruelle, "The Izborsky Club, or the New Conservative Avant‐Garde in Russia." Russian Review 75#4 (2016): 626–644.  ↑   Sirke Mäkinen, "Surkovian narrative on the future of Russia: making Russia a world leader." Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics 27#2 (2011): 143–165.  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Bershidsky, Leonid (28 June 2019). (https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2019/06/28/why-putin-sounds-alt-right-though-he-really-isnt-a66212) "Why Putin Sounds Alt-Right Though He Really Isn't" . Moscow Times . MoscowTimes LLC. Retrieved 25 August 2020 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Moscow+Times&rft.atitle=Why+Putin+Sounds+Alt-Right+Though+He+Really+Isn%27t&rft.date=2019-06-28&rft.aulast=Bershidsky&rft.aufirst=Leonid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.themoscowtimes.com%2F2019%2F06%2F28%2Fwhy-putin-sounds-alt-right-though-he-really-isnt-a66212&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Gerlach, Julia; Töpfer, Jochen, eds. (2014). (https://books.google.com/books?id=1F6vBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA135) The Role of Religion in Eastern Europe Today  . Springer. p. 135. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-658-02441-3) (Special:BookSources/978-3-658-02441-3) 978-3-658-02441-3  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Role+of+Religion+in+Eastern+Europe+Today&rft.pages=135&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-3-658-02441-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1F6vBQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA135&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Myers (2016). (https://books.google.com/books?id=1PO4DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA404) The New Tsar  . Knopf Doubleday Publishing. p. 404. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-345-80279-8) (Special:BookSources/978-0-345-80279-8) 978-0-345-80279-8  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Tsar&rft.pages=404&rft.pub=Knopf+Doubleday+Publishing&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-0-345-80279-8&rft.au=Myers&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1PO4DAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA404&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Woods, Mark (3 March 2016). (http://www.christiantoday.com/article/how.the.russian.orthodox.church.is.backing.vladimir.putins.new.world.order/81108.htm) "How the Russian Orthodox Church is backing Vladimir Putin's new world order" . Christian Today . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Christian+Today&rft.atitle=How+the+Russian+Orthodox+Church+is+backing+Vladimir+Putin%27s+new+world+order&rft.date=2016-03-03&rft.aulast=Woods&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.christiantoday.com%2Farticle%2Fhow.the.russian.orthodox.church.is.backing.vladimir.putins.new.world.order%2F81108.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Mattingly, Terry (19 September 2016). (https://www.getreligion.org/getreligion/2016/9/19/dear-editors-at-the-new-york-times-vladimir-putin-is-a-russian-but-putin-is-not-russia) "Dear editors at The New York Times: Vladimir Putin is a Russian, but Putin is not Russia" . getreligion.org . Get Religion. Retrieved 27 February 2022 . ...  divide these people into at least three groups  ...  (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=getreligion.org&rft.atitle=Dear+editors+at+The+New+York+Times%3A+Vladimir+Putin+is+a+Russian%2C+but+Putin+is+not+Russia&rft.date=2016-09-19&rft.aulast=Mattingly&rft.aufirst=Terry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.getreligion.org%2Fgetreligion%2F2016%2F9%2F19%2Fdear-editors-at-the-new-york-times-vladimir-putin-is-a-russian-but-putin-is-not-russia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)  , a response to (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Higgins, Andrew (13 September 2016). (https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/14/world/europe/russia-orthodox-church.html) "In Expanding Russian Influence, Faith Combines With Firepower" . The New York Times . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=In+Expanding+Russian+Influence%2C+Faith+Combines+With+Firepower&rft.date=2016-09-13&rft.aulast=Higgins&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F09%2F14%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Frussia-orthodox-church.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://fortune.com/2017/12/14/vladimir-putin-russia-abortion-pro-choice-press-conference/) "Guess What? Vladimir Putin Is a Pro-Choice Champion" . Moscow Times . 14 December 2017. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Moscow+Times&rft.atitle=Guess+What%3F+Vladimir+Putin+Is+a+Pro-Choice+Champion&rft.date=2017-12-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffortune.com%2F2017%2F12%2F14%2Fvladimir-putin-russia-abortion-pro-choice-press-conference%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.iwmf.org/reporting/putin-the-pro-choice-champion/) "Putin the Pro-Choice Champion – IWMF" . iwmf.org . 20 September 2018. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=iwmf.org&rft.atitle=Putin+the+Pro-Choice+Champion+%E2%80%93+IWMF&rft.date=2018-09-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iwmf.org%2Freporting%2Fputin-the-pro-choice-champion%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2020/10/27/putin-orders-government-to-improve-abortion-prevention-efforts-a71865) "Putin Orders Government to Improve Abortion Prevention Efforts" . Moscow Times . 27 October 2020. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Moscow+Times&rft.atitle=Putin+Orders+Government+to+Improve+Abortion+Prevention+Efforts&rft.date=2020-10-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.themoscowtimes.com%2F2020%2F10%2F27%2Fputin-orders-government-to-improve-abortion-prevention-efforts-a71865&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Tom Porter (29 November 2023). (https://www.businessinsider.com/ukraine-war-putin-urges-russians-8-kids-amid-demographic-crisis-2023-11) "Putin is urging women to have as many as 8 children after so many Russians died in his war with Ukraine" . Business Insider . Retrieved 29 November 2023 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=Putin+is+urging+women+to+have+as+many+as+8+children+after+so+many+Russians+died+in+his+war+with+Ukraine&rft.date=2023-11-29&rft.au=Tom+Porter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fukraine-war-putin-urges-russians-8-kids-amid-demographic-crisis-2023-11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Kramer, Andrew E. (3 March 2020). (https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/03/world/europe/putin-proposes-constitutional-ban-on-gay-marriage.html) "Putin Proposes Constitutional Ban on Gay Marriage" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times) (The New York Times) The New York Times  . Retrieved 8 June 2020 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Putin+Proposes+Constitutional+Ban+on+Gay+Marriage&rft.date=2020-03-03&rft.aulast=Kramer&rft.aufirst=Andrew+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2020%2F03%2F03%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fputin-proposes-constitutional-ban-on-gay-marriage.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Roth, Andrew (2 March 2020). (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/mar/02/vladimir-putin-submits-plan-enshrine-marriage-between-man-woman-russia) "Putin submits plans for constitutional ban on same-sex marriage" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian) (The Guardian) The Guardian  . Retrieved 8 June 2020 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Putin+submits+plans+for+constitutional+ban+on+same-sex+marriage&rft.date=2020-03-02&rft.aulast=Roth&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2020%2Fmar%2F02%2Fvladimir-putin-submits-plan-enshrine-marriage-between-man-woman-russia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2020/03/02/putin-proposes-to-enshrine-god-heterosexual-marriage-in-constitution-a69491) "Putin Proposes to Enshrine God, Heterosexual Marriage in Constitution" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow_Times) (Moscow Times) Moscow Times  . 2 March 2020. Retrieved 8 June 2020 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Moscow+Times&rft.atitle=Putin+Proposes+to+Enshrine+God%2C+Heterosexual+Marriage+in+Constitution&rft.date=2020-03-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.themoscowtimes.com%2F2020%2F03%2F02%2Fputin-proposes-to-enshrine-god-heterosexual-marriage-in-constitution-a69491&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20070710000430/https://media.kremlin.ru/2007_07_04_01_01.wmv) "Sochi speech" . Media.kremlin.ru . 2007. Archived from (http://media.kremlin.ru/2007_07_04_01_01.wmv) the original (WMV) on 10 July 2007. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Media.kremlin.ru&rft.atitle=Sochi+speech&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmedia.kremlin.ru%2F2007_07_04_01_01.wmv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   "(https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-24708739) Sochi 2014: Putin declares gay athletes welcome ", BBC (28 October 2013).  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Anishchuk, Alexei. (21 December 2021). (https://www.reuters.com/world/russias-putin-blames-west-tensions-europe-2021-12-21/) "Putin says foreign foes use radical Islam to weaken Russia" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuters) (Reuters) Reuters  . Retrieved 22 September 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Putin+says+foreign+foes+use+radical+Islam+to+weaken+Russia&rft.date=2021-12-21&rft.aulast=Anishchuk&rft.aufirst=Alexei.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Frussias-putin-blames-west-tensions-europe-2021-12-21%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20221206224503/https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-russia-putin-islam-idUKBRE99L0NS20131022) "Putin blames West for tensions since end of Cold War" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuters) (Reuters) Reuters  . 21 December 2021. Archived from (https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-russia-putin-islam-idUKBRE99L0NS20131022) the original on 6 December 2022. Retrieved 22 September 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Putin+blames+West+for+tensions+since+end+of+Cold+War.&rft.date=2021-12-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fuk-russia-putin-islam-idUKBRE99L0NS20131022&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    1  2  3  4   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Snow, Philip (2023). China and Russia: Four Centuries of Conflict and Concord . New Haven: Yale University Press. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-16665-1) (Special:BookSources/978-0-300-16665-1) 978-0-300-16665-1  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=China+and+Russia%3A+Four+Centuries+of+Conflict+and+Concord&rft.place=New+Haven&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-0-300-16665-1&rft.aulast=Snow&rft.aufirst=Philip&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   Anna Borshchevskaya. Putin's War in Syria. I.B. Tauris Press. 2022. pp. 44–46.  ↑   Anna Borshchevskaya. Putin's War in Syria. I.B. Tauris Press. 2022. p. 44.  ↑   Lester Grau and Charles Bartles, The Russian Way of War , p. 29.  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Kotkin, Stephen (3 October 2018). (https://www.hoover.org/research/technology-and-governance-russia-possibilities) "Technology and Governance in Russia: Possibilities" . Hoover Institution . Retrieved 25 August 2020 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hoover+Institution&rft.atitle=Technology+and+Governance+in+Russia%3A+Possibilities&rft.date=2018-10-03&rft.aulast=Kotkin&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hoover.org%2Fresearch%2Ftechnology-and-governance-russia-possibilities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Putin, Vladimir (24 December 2012). (https://web.archive.org/web/20220226051445/https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed//article62117930.ece) "For Russia, deepening friendship with India is a top foreign policy priority" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hindu) (The Hindu) The Hindu  . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) (ISSN (identifier)) ISSN  (https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0971-751X) 0971-751X . Archived from (https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed//article62117930.ece) the original on 26 February 2022. Retrieved 26 February 2022 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=For+Russia%2C+deepening+friendship+with+India+is+a+top+foreign+policy+priority&rft.date=2012-12-24&rft.issn=0971-751X&rft.aulast=Putin&rft.aufirst=Vladimir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fopinion%2Fop-ed%2F%2Farticle62117930.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-20834910) "India, Russia sign new defence deals" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_News) (BBC News) BBC News  . 24 December 2012. Retrieved 22 June 2013 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Carnegie+Moscow+Center&rft.atitle=Japan-Russia+Relations+in+the+Post-Abe+Era&rft.date=2021-03-18&rft.aulast=Abiru&rft.aufirst=Taisuke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcarnegieendowment.org%2Fposts%2F2021%2F03%2Fjapan-russia-relations-in-the-post-abe-era&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://thediplomat.com/2020/10/resetting-japan-russia-relations/) "Resetting Japan-Russia Relations" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Diplomat_(magazine)) (The Diplomat (magazine)) The Diplomat  . Retrieved 4 March 2022 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Putin+Is+Acclaimed+On+Pyongyang+Visit+%3A+After+Decades+of+Sullen+Isolation%2C+North+Korea+Emerges+as+a+Key+Player&rft.date=2000-07-20&rft.aulast=Kirk&rft.aufirst=Don&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2000%2F07%2F20%2Fnews%2Fputin-is-acclaimed-on-pyongyang-visit-after-decades-of-sullen-isolation.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.rferl.org/a/russia-mongolia-sign-new-treaty-to-bring-partnership-to-whole-new-level-/30144655.html) "Russia, Mongolia Sign New Treaty To Bring Partnership To 'Whole New Level' " . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe/Radio_Liberty) (Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty) Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty . 3 September 2019. 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Putin+and+Howard+Sign+Uranium+Deal&rft.date=2007-09-07&rft.aulast=Coorey&rft.aufirst=Phillip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fputin-and-howard-sign-uranium-deal%2F2007%2F09%2F07%2F1188783452227.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/aug/29/tony-abbott-condemns-russian-invasion-of-ukraine-as-bullying) Tony Abbott condemns Russian 'invasion of Ukraine' as bullying ; The Guardian ; 29 August 2014  ↑   (https://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-11-11/abbott-and-putin-meet-to-discuss-mh17-at-apec-summit/5883592?nw=0&r=HtmlFragment) Tony Abbott discusses MH17 with Vladimir Putin at APEC; Kremlin says Russian president was not 'shirtfronted' ; Australian Broadcasting Corporation; 12 November 2014  ↑   (https://apnews.com/article/450ba5218bf24c6a9d5052cc346cbc4a) The Latest: Putin denies Russia responsible for MH17 downing ; apnews.com; 26 May 2014  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Standish, Reid (1 September 2020). (https://www.rferl.org/a/china-russia-deepen-their-ties-amid-pandemic-conflicts-with-west/30814684.html) "China, Russia Deepen Their Ties Amid Pandemic, Conflicts With The West" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe/Radio_Liberty) (Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty) Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty . Retrieved 2 February 2021 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=China%2C+Russia+Deepen+Their+Ties+Amid+Pandemic%2C+Conflicts+With+The+West&rft.pub=Radio+Free+Europe%2FRadio+Liberty&rft.date=2020-09-01&rft.aulast=Standish&rft.aufirst=Reid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2Fa%2Fchina-russia-deepen-their-ties-amid-pandemic-conflicts-with-west%2F30814684.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jI8_kZmr2INskAt4erPYLeDxW9Zw?docId=CNG.456411c08037199e9bc2690b1b0726fa.211) "AFP: Chinese leader Xi, Putin agree key energy deals" . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AFP%3A+Chinese+leader+Xi%2C+Putin+agree+key+energy+deals&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fhostednews%2Fafp%2Farticle%2FALeqM5jI8_kZmr2INskAt4erPYLeDxW9Zw%3FdocId%3DCNG.456411c08037199e9bc2690b1b0726fa.211&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)  (./Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links)  (./Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_March_2026)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot) (Wikipedia:Link rot) (Dead link tagged March 2026) dead link   ]     ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Buckley, Chris; Myers, Steven Lee (7 March 2022). (https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/07/world/asia/putin-ukraine-china-xi.html) " 'No Wavering': After Turning to Putin, Xi Faces Hard Wartime Choices for China" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times) (The New York Times) The New York Times  . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) (ISSN (identifier)) ISSN  (https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331) 0362-4331 . Retrieved 10 March 2022 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=%27No+Wavering%27%3A+After+Turning+to+Putin%2C+Xi+Faces+Hard+Wartime+Choices+for+China&rft.date=2022-03-07&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Buckley&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft.au=Myers%2C+Steven+Lee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2022%2F03%2F07%2Fworld%2Fasia%2Fputin-ukraine-china-xi.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Kramer, Andrew E. (31 August 2008). (https://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/01/world/europe/01russia.html) "Russia Claims Its Sphere of Influence in the World" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times) (The New York Times) The New York Times  . Retrieved 3 August 2021 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Russia+Claims+Its+Sphere+of+Influence+in+the+World&rft.date=2008-08-31&rft.aulast=Kramer&rft.aufirst=Andrew+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2008%2F09%2F01%2Fworld%2Feurope%2F01russia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Safire, William (22 May 1994). (https://www.nytimes.com/1994/05/22/magazine/on-language-the-near-abroad.html) "On Language – The Near Abroad" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times) (The New York Times) The New York Times  . Retrieved 3 August 2021 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=On+Language+%E2%80%93+The+Near+Abroad&rft.date=1994-05-22&rft.aulast=Safire&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1994%2F05%2F22%2Fmagazine%2Fon-language-the-near-abroad.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/4122721.stm) Polish head rejects Putin attack , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_News) (BBC News) BBC News  (24 December 2004).  ↑   (http://www.kyivpost.com/news/nation/detail/91772/) "After Russian Invasion of Georgia, Putin's Words Stir Fears about Ukraine" , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyiv_Post) (Kyiv Post) Kyiv Post  (30 November 2010).  ↑   Bohm, M. (https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2013/12/24/ukraine-is-putins-favorite-vassal-a30782) Ukraine Is Putin's Favorite Vassal  . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow_Times) (Moscow Times) Moscow Times  . 25 December 2013.  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Walker, Shaun (4 March 2014). (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/mar/04/ukraine-crisis-russian-troops-crimea-john-kerry-kiev) "Russian takeover of Crimea will not descend into war, says Vladimir Putin" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian) (The Guardian) The Guardian  . London. Retrieved 4 March 2014 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Russian+takeover+of+Crimea+will+not+descend+into+war%2C+says+Vladimir+Putin&rft.date=2014-03-04&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Shaun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2014%2Fmar%2F04%2Fukraine-crisis-russian-troops-crimea-john-kerry-kiev&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Yoon, Sangwon; Krasnolutska, Daryna; Choursina, Kateryna (4 March 2014). (https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-03-04/russia-calls-ukraine-intervention-legal-citing-yanukovych-letter.html) "Russia Stays in Ukraine as Putin Channels Yanukovych Request" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloomberg_News) (Bloomberg News) Bloomberg News  . Retrieved 5 March 2014 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg+News&rft.atitle=Russia+Stays+in+Ukraine+as+Putin+Channels+Yanukovych+Request&rft.date=2014-03-04&rft.aulast=Yoon&rft.aufirst=Sangwon&rft.au=Krasnolutska%2C+Daryna&rft.au=Choursina%2C+Kateryna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2F2014-03-04%2Frussia-calls-ukraine-intervention-legal-citing-yanukovych-letter.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Radyuhin, Vladimir (1 March 2014). (http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/world/russian-parliament-approves-use-of-force-in-crimea/article5739708.ece) "Russian Parliament approves use of army in Ukraine" . The Hindu . Chennai, India. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Hindu&rft.atitle=Russian+Parliament+approves+use+of+army+in+Ukraine&rft.date=2014-03-01&rft.aulast=Radyuhin&rft.aufirst=Vladimir&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehindu.com%2Fnews%2Finternational%2Fworld%2Frussian-parliament-approves-use-of-force-in-crimea%2Farticle5739708.ece&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.theguardian.com/world/video/2014/mar/18/vladimir-putin-annex-crimea-russia-ukraine-video) "Vladimir Putin signs treaty for Russia to take Crimea from Ukraine – video" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian) (The Guardian) The Guardian  . 18 March 2014. Retrieved 28 December 2014 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Vladimir+Putin+signs+treaty+for+Russia+to+take+Crimea+from+Ukraine+%E2%80%93+video&rft.date=2014-03-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2Fvideo%2F2014%2Fmar%2F18%2Fvladimir-putin-annex-crimea-russia-ukraine-video&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://www.cbsnews.com/news/russia-president-vladimir-putin-approves-draft-bill-to-annex-crimea-after-residents-vote-to-leave-ukraine/) "Russia President Vladimir Putin signs treaty to annex Crimea after residents vote to leave Ukraine" . CBS News. 18 March 2014. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Russia+President+Vladimir+Putin+signs+treaty+to+annex+Crimea+after+residents+vote+to+leave+Ukraine&rft.date=2014-03-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Frussia-president-vladimir-putin-approves-draft-bill-to-annex-crimea-after-residents-vote-to-leave-ukraine%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (Paid subscription required) (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/vladimir-putin/10951644/Has-Vladimir-Putin-blinked-over-Ukraine.html) "Has Vladimir Putin blinked over Ukraine?"  . The Daily Telegraph . 7 July 2014. (https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/vladimir-putin/10951644/Has-Vladimir-Putin-blinked-over-Ukraine.html) Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 22 March 2018 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Has+Vladimir+Putin+blinked+over+Ukraine%3F&rft.date=2014-07-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Fvladimir-putin%2F10951644%2FHas-Vladimir-Putin-blinked-over-Ukraine.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)     ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/46131) Совещание послов и постоянных представителей России  [ Conference of Russian ambassadors and permanent representatives] . President of Russia (in Russian). 1 July 2014. Retrieved 12 December 2021 . И хочу, чтобы все понимали: наша страна будет и впредь энергично отстаивать права русских, наших соотечественников за рубежом, использовать для этого весь арсенал имеющихся средств: от политических и экономических – до предусмотренных в международном праве гуманитарных операций, права на самооборону.  (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=President+of+Russia&rft.atitle=%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8&rft.date=2014-07-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkremlin.ru%2Fevents%2Fpresident%2Fnews%2F46131&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)  (./Category:CS1_uses_Russian-language_script_(ru))  (./Category:CS1_Russian-language_sources_(ru))    ↑   (https://web.archive.org/web/20160101205944/http://uk.reuters.com/article/ukraine-crisis-putin-people-idUKL5N0QZ2QF20140829) Putin says Russians and Ukrainians 'practically one people' , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuters) (Reuters) Reuters (29 August 2014).  ↑   (http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/314057.html) Putin: Ukrainian Literature Library must not be lost in any circumstances , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interfax-Ukraine) (Interfax-Ukraine) Interfax-Ukraine (26 December 2015).  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Putin, Vladimir (15 August 2021). (https://moderndiplomacy.eu/2021/08/15/the-historical-unity-of-russians-and-ukrainians/) "The Historical Unity of Russians and Ukrainians" . moderndiplomacy.eu . Retrieved 17 March 2022 . I am confident that true sovereignty of Ukraine is possible only in partnership with Russia. Our spiritual, human and civilizational ties ... have been hardened by common trials, achievements, and victories. Our kinship ... is in the hearts and the memory of people living in modern Russia and Ukraine, in the blood ties that unite millions of our families. Together, we have always been and will be many times stronger and more successful. For we are one people.  (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=moderndiplomacy.eu&rft.atitle=The+Historical+Unity+of+Russians+and+Ukrainians&rft.date=2021-08-15&rft.aulast=Putin&rft.aufirst=Vladimir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoderndiplomacy.eu%2F2021%2F08%2F15%2Fthe-historical-unity-of-russians-and-ukrainians%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Roth, Andrew (7 December 2021). (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/dec/07/putins-ukraine-rhetoric-driven-by-distorted-view-of-neighbour) "Putin's Ukraine rhetoric driven by distorted view of neighbour" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian) (The Guardian) The Guardian  . Retrieved 12 December 2021 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Putin%27s+Ukraine+rhetoric+driven+by+distorted+view+of+neighbour&rft.date=2021-12-07&rft.aulast=Roth&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2021%2Fdec%2F07%2Fputins-ukraine-rhetoric-driven-by-distorted-view-of-neighbour&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Georgiy Kasianov; Mikhail Krom; Alexei Miller (14 July 2021). (https://meduza.io/en/feature/2021/07/15/this-isn-t-an-argument-about-the-past) " 'This isn't an argument about the past' We asked professional historians to weigh in on Putin's 'historical article' " . Meduza . Retrieved 12 December 2021 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Meduza&rft.atitle=%27This+isn%27t+an+argument+about+the+past%27+We+asked+professional+historians+to+weigh+in+on+Putin%27s+%27historical+article%27&rft.date=2021-07-14&rft.au=Georgiy+Kasianov&rft.au=Mikhail+Krom&rft.au=Alexei+Miller&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmeduza.io%2Fen%2Ffeature%2F2021%2F07%2F15%2Fthis-isn-t-an-argument-about-the-past&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.rbc.ru/politics/15/07/2021/60f0475d9a7947b61f09f4be) Шойгу обязал военных изучить статью Путина об Украине  [ Shoigu ordered the military to study Putin's article on Ukraine] . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RBK_Group) (RBK Group) RBK  (in Russian). 15 July 2021. Retrieved 12 December 2021 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=RBK&rft.atitle=%D0%A8%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%B3%D1%83+%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BB+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C+%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%8E+%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BE%D0%B1+%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5&rft.date=2021-07-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rbc.ru%2Fpolitics%2F15%2F07%2F2021%2F60f0475d9a7947b61f09f4be&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)  (./Category:CS1_uses_Russian-language_script_(ru))  (./Category:CS1_Russian-language_sources_(ru))    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://edition.cnn.com/2025/06/02/europe/putin-ukraine-peace-talks-trump-latam-intl) "Putin didn't budge in Ukraine peace talks. Now, Donald Trump may be forced to act" . CNN . 2 June 2025. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Putin+didn%27t+budge+in+Ukraine+peace+talks.+Now%2C+Donald+Trump+may+be+forced+to+act&rft.date=2025-06-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2025%2F06%2F02%2Feurope%2Fputin-ukraine-peace-talks-trump-latam-intl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://english.elpais.com/international/2025-06-04/russia-demands-unacceptable-conditions-for-peace-from-ukraine.html) "Russia demands unacceptable conditions for peace from Ukraine" . El País . 4 June 2025. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=El+Pa%C3%ADs&rft.atitle=Russia+demands+unacceptable+conditions+for+peace+from+Ukraine&rft.date=2025-06-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.elpais.com%2Finternational%2F2025-06-04%2Frussia-demands-unacceptable-conditions-for-peace-from-ukraine.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7551576.stm) "Day-by-day: Georgia-Russia crisis" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_News) (BBC News) BBC News  . 21 August 2008. Retrieved 10 May 2009 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Day-by-day%3A+Georgia-Russia+crisis&rft.date=2008-08-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Feurope%2F7551576.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (https://web.archive.org/web/20130604193552/http://www.america-russia.net/eng/geopolitics/288470359) New Integration Project for Eurasia – A Future That Is Being Born Today , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izvestiya) (Izvestiya) Izvestiya (3 October 2011).  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Bryanski, Gleb (3 October 2011). (https://web.archive.org/web/20111006174652/http://news.yahoo.com/russias-putin-says-wants-build-eurasian-union-222139037.html) "Russia's Putin says wants to build "Eurasian Union" " . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahoo!_News) (Yahoo! News) Yahoo! News . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuters) (Reuters) Reuters . Archived from (https://news.yahoo.com/russias-putin-says-wants-build-eurasian-union-222139037.html) the original on 6 October 2011. Retrieved 4 October 2011 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Russia%27s+Putin+says+wants+to+build+%22Eurasian+Union%22&rft.date=2011-10-03&rft.aulast=Bryanski&rft.aufirst=Gleb&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.yahoo.com%2Frussias-putin-says-wants-build-eurasian-union-222139037.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Kilner, James (6 October 2011). (Paid subscription required) (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/kazakhstan/8808500/Kazakhstan-welcomes-Putins-Eurasian-Union-concept.html) "Kazakhstan welcomes Putin's Eurasian Union concept"  . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph) (The Daily Telegraph) The Daily Telegraph  . London. 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Russia+sees+union+with+Belarus+and+Kazakhstan+by+2015&rft.date=2011-11-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-15790452&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20160417110445/https://docs.eaeunion.org/en-us/Pages/DisplayDocument.aspx?s=bef9c798-3978-42f3-9ef2-d0fb3d53b75f&w=632c7868-4ee2-4b21-bc64-1995328e6ef3&l=540294ae-c3c9-4511-9bf8-aaf5d6e0d169&EntityID=3610) "Ru-ru" . Eurasian Economic Union. Archived from (http://docs.eaeunion.org/en-us/Pages/DisplayDocument.aspx?s=bef9c798-3978-42f3-9ef2-d0fb3d53b75f&w=632c7868-4ee2-4b21-bc64-1995328e6ef3&l=540294ae-c3c9-4511-9bf8-aaf5d6e0d169&EntityID=3610) the original on 17 April 2016. Retrieved 9 April 2016 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Ru-ru&rft.pub=Eurasian+Economic+Union&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdocs.eaeunion.org%2Fen-us%2FPages%2FDisplayDocument.aspx%3Fs%3Dbef9c798-3978-42f3-9ef2-d0fb3d53b75f%26w%3D632c7868-4ee2-4b21-bc64-1995328e6ef3%26l%3D540294ae-c3c9-4511-9bf8-aaf5d6e0d169%26EntityID%3D3610&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Bruce Pannier (5 May 2000). (https://www.rferl.org/a/1094026.html) "Russia: Uzbekistan Renews Old Relations" . RFE/RL. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Russia%3A+Uzbekistan+Renews+Old+Relations&rft.pub=RFE%2FRL&rft.date=2000-05-05&rft.au=Bruce+Pannier&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2Fa%2F1094026.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.rferl.org/a/uzbekistan-russia/26734847.html) "Putin Meets Karimov; Russia To Write Off Uzbek Debt" . RFE/RL. 10 December 2014. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Putin+Meets+Karimov%3B+Russia+To+Write+Off+Uzbek+Debt&rft.pub=RFE%2FRL&rft.date=2014-12-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2Fa%2Fuzbekistan-russia%2F26734847.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/transcripts/21421) "Address at a Parade Dedicated to the 55th Anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War" . en.kremlin.ru . 9 May 2000. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=en.kremlin.ru&rft.atitle=Address+at+a+Parade+Dedicated+to+the+55th+Anniversary+of+Victory+in+the+Great+Patriotic+War&rft.date=2000-05-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.kremlin.ru%2Fevents%2Fpresident%2Ftranscripts%2F21421&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/transcripts/23576) "Speech at the Military Parade Celebrating the 61st Anniversary of Victory in the Great Patriotic War" . en.kremlin.ru . 9 May 2006. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=en.kremlin.ru&rft.atitle=Speech+at+the+Military+Parade+Celebrating+the+61st+Anniversary+of+Victory+in+the+Great+Patriotic+War&rft.date=2006-05-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.kremlin.ru%2Fevents%2Fpresident%2Ftranscripts%2F23576&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.thenationalnews.com/world/europe/2022/05/11/you-caused-this-finlands-president-condemns-russia-over-nato-alliance-move/) " 'You caused this': Finland's president blames Russia for Nato alliance move" . The National . 11 May 2022. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+National&rft.atitle=%27You+caused+this%27%3A+Finland%27s+president+blames+Russia+for+Nato+alliance+move&rft.date=2022-05-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenationalnews.com%2Fworld%2Feurope%2F2022%2F05%2F11%2Fyou-caused-this-finlands-president-condemns-russia-over-nato-alliance-move%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    1  2  3   (https://www.huffingtonpost.com/stephen-f-cohen/us-russia-policy_b_1307727.html) America's Failed (Bi-Partisan) Russia Policy by (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_F._Cohen) (Stephen F. Cohen) Stephen F. Cohen , HuffPost   ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Murphy, Dean (14 January 1995). (https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-01-14-mn-20008-story.html) "Europe: Chechnya Summons Uneasy Memories in Former East Bloc : Ex-Soviet satellites look warily on the Russian offensive. 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Irony+Amid+the+Menace+%7C+CEPA&rft.date=2020-05-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcepa.org%2Firony-amid-the-menace%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    1  2  3  4   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Stürmer) (Michael Stürmer) Stuermer, Michael (2008). (https://books.google.com/books?id=E6UsAQAAIAAJ) Putin and the Rise of Russia  . London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. pp. 55, 57 & 192. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-297-85510-1) (Special:BookSources/978-0-297-85510-1) 978-0-297-85510-1  . Retrieved 11 June 2012 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Brown+Defends+Russian+Expulsions%2C+Decries+Killings&rft.date=2007-07-20&rft.au=Gonzalo+Vina&rft.au=Sebastian+Alison&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fapps%2Fnews%3Fpid%3D20601102%26sid%3DajvS9NfMW2EE%26refer%3Duk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-16614209) "UK spied on Russians with fake rock" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_News) (BBC News) BBC News  . 19 January 2012. Retrieved 25 November 2015 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=UK+spied+on+Russians+with+fake+rock&rft.date=2012-01-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-16614209&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Harding, Luke (21 January 2016). (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jan/21/litvinenko-inquiry-the-key-players) "Litvinenko inquiry: the key players" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian) (The Guardian) The Guardian  . London. Retrieved 5 May 2022 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Litvinenko+inquiry%3A+the+key+players&rft.date=2016-01-21&rft.aulast=Harding&rft.aufirst=Luke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2016%2Fjan%2F21%2Flitvinenko-inquiry-the-key-players&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/01/21/world/europe/100000004158141.mobile.html) "Full Report of the Litvinenko Inquiry" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times) (The New York Times) The New York Times  . 21 January 2016. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Full+Report+of+the+Litvinenko+Inquiry&rft.date=2016-01-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Finteractive%2F2016%2F01%2F21%2Fworld%2Feurope%2F100000004158141.mobile.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Holden, Michael (21 January 2016). (https://www.reuters.com/article/cnews-us-britain-russia-litvinenko-idCAKCN0UZ0Z6) "Russia's Putin probably approved London murder of ex-KGB agent Litvinenko: UK inquiry" . Reuters . Retrieved 5 May 2022 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Russia%27s+Putin+probably+approved+London+murder+of+ex-KGB+agent+Litvinenko%3A+UK+inquiry&rft.date=2016-01-21&rft.aulast=Holden&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fcnews-us-britain-russia-litvinenko-idCAKCN0UZ0Z6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Thom Shanker; Mark Landler (11 February 2007). (Paid subscription required) (https://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/11/world/europe/11munich.html) "Putin Says U.S. Is Undermining Global Stability"  . The New York Times . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Putin+Says+U.S.+Is+Undermining+Global+Stability&rft.date=2007-02-11&rft.au=Thom+Shanker&rft.au=Mark+Landler&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2007%2F02%2F11%2Fworld%2Feurope%2F11munich.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20080504052123/http://www.kremlin.ru/eng/speeches/2007/01/18/0726_type82916_117121.shtml) "Interview for Indian Television Channel Doordarshan and Press Trust of India News Agency" . Kremlin.ru. 18 January 2007. Archived from (http://www.kremlin.ru/eng/speeches/2007/01/18/0726_type82916_117121.shtml) the original on 4 May 2008. Retrieved 22 June 2013 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interview+for+Indian+Television+Channel+Doordarshan+and+Press+Trust+of+India+News+Agency&rft.pub=Kremlin.ru&rft.date=2007-01-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kremlin.ru%2Feng%2Fspeeches%2F2007%2F01%2F18%2F0726_type82916_117121.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20120309232547/https://archive.kremlin.ru/eng/speeches/2007/02/10/0138_type82912type82914type82917type84779_118123.shtml) "Speech and the Following Discussion at the Munich Conference on Security Policy (43rd Munich Conference on Security Policy)" . 10 February 2007. Archived from (http://archive.kremlin.ru/eng/speeches/2007/02/10/0138_type82912type82914type82917type84779_118123.shtml) the original on 9 March 2012. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Speech+and+the+Following+Discussion+at+the+Munich+Conference+on+Security+Policy+%2843rd+Munich+Conference+on+Security+Policy%29&rft.date=2007-02-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.kremlin.ru%2Feng%2Fspeeches%2F2007%2F02%2F10%2F0138_type82912type82914type82917type84779_118123.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Watson, Rob (10 February 2007). (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/6350847.stm) "Putin's speech: Back to cold war?" . BBC News. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Putin%27s+speech%3A+Back+to+cold+war%3F&rft.date=2007-02-10&rft.aulast=Watson&rft.aufirst=Rob&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Feurope%2F6350847.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://www.defenselink.mil/speeches/speech.aspx?speechid=1123) "Munich Conference on Security Policy, As Delivered by Secretary of Defense Robert M. Gates, 11 February 2007" . Defenselink.mil. Retrieved 21 December 2013 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Munich+Conference+on+Security+Policy%2C+As+Delivered+by+Secretary+of+Defense+Robert+M.+Gates%2C+11+February+2007&rft.pub=Defenselink.mil&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defenselink.mil%2Fspeeches%2Fspeech.aspx%3Fspeechid%3D1123&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20080504052143/http://www.kremlin.ru/eng/speeches/2007/06/08/2251_type82914type82915_133552.shtml) "Press Conference following the end of the G8 Summit" . Kremlin.ru. 8 June 2007. Archived from (http://www.kremlin.ru/eng/speeches/2007/06/08/2251_type82914type82915_133552.shtml) the original on 4 May 2008. Retrieved 22 June 2013 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Press+Conference+following+the+end+of+the+G8+Summit&rft.pub=Kremlin.ru&rft.date=2007-06-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kremlin.ru%2Feng%2Fspeeches%2F2007%2F06%2F08%2F2251_type82914type82915_133552.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20151222090119/http://fijilive.com/news/2007/12/russia-walks-away-from-cfe-arms-treaty/348.Fijilive) "Russia walks away from CFE arms treaty" . fijilive.com . 12 December 2007. Archived from (http://fijilive.com/news/2007/12/russia-walks-away-from-cfe-arms-treaty/348.Fijilive) the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 31 July 2015 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fijilive.com&rft.atitle=Russia+walks+away+from+CFE+arms+treaty&rft.date=2007-12-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffijilive.com%2Fnews%2F2007%2F12%2Frussia-walks-away-from-cfe-arms-treaty%2F348.Fijilive&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-02/14/content_7604675.htm) "Putin: supports for Kosovo unilateral independence 'immoral, illegal' " . Xinhua News Agency. 14 February 2008. Retrieved 25 February 2008 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Putin%3A+supports+for+Kosovo+unilateral+independence+%27immoral%2C+illegal%27&rft.date=2008-02-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.xinhuanet.com%2Fenglish%2F2008-02%2F14%2Fcontent_7604675.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://www.smh.com.au/news/world/putin-calls-kosovo-independence-terrible-precedent/2008/02/23/1203467431503.html) "Putin calls Kosovo independence 'terrible precedent' " . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sydney_Morning_Herald) (The Sydney Morning Herald) The Sydney Morning Herald  . 23 February 2008. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Sydney+Morning+Herald&rft.atitle=Putin+calls+Kosovo+independence+%27terrible+precedent%27&rft.date=2008-02-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smh.com.au%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fputin-calls-kosovo-independence-terrible-precedent%2F2008%2F02%2F23%2F1203467431503.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/20603) "Address by President of the Russian Federation" . en.kremlin.ru . 18 March 2014. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=en.kremlin.ru&rft.atitle=Address+by+President+of+the+Russian+Federation&rft.date=2014-03-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.kremlin.ru%2Fevents%2Fpresident%2Fnews%2F20603&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp/2014/03/24/crimea-kosovo-and-false-moral-equivalency/) "Why the Kosovo 'precedent' does not justify Russia's annexation of Crimea" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post) (The Washington Post) The Washington Post  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Why+the+Kosovo+%27precedent%27+does+not+justify+Russia%27s+annexation+of+Crimea&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fvolokh-conspiracy%2Fwp%2F2014%2F03%2F24%2Fcrimea-kosovo-and-false-moral-equivalency%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Simpson, Emma (16 January 2006). (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/4618860.stm) "Merkel cools Berlin Moscow ties" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_News) (BBC News) BBC News  . Retrieved 22 June 2013 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Merkel+cools+Berlin+Moscow+ties&rft.date=2006-01-16&rft.aulast=Simpson&rft.aufirst=Emma&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fworld%2Feurope%2F4618860.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/2d2a9afe-6829-11e5-97d0-1456a776a4f5) "Silvio Berlusconi and Vladimir Putin: the odd couple" . Financial Times . 2 October 2015. Archived from (Paid subscription required) (https://www.ft.com/content/2d2a9afe-6829-11e5-97d0-1456a776a4f5) the original  on 10 December 2022. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Silvio+Berlusconi+and+Vladimir+Putin%3A+the+odd+couple&rft.date=2015-10-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F2d2a9afe-6829-11e5-97d0-1456a776a4f5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Buchanan, Rose (17 October 2014). (https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/old-friends-putin-and-berlusconi-enjoy-reunion-in-milan-9802327.html) "Putin pays late-night visit to 'old friend' Berlusconi" . The Independent . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Putin+pays+late-night+visit+to+%27old+friend%27+Berlusconi&rft.date=2014-10-17&rft.aulast=Buchanan&rft.aufirst=Rose&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpeople%2Fold-friends-putin-and-berlusconi-enjoy-reunion-in-milan-9802327.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (https://www.rainews.it/articoli/2023/06/il-cordoglio-dellambasciata-russa-per-la-morte-di-berlusconi-putin-condiglianze-f84b6039-8671-484b-b697-d196fc8078f5.html) Putin: "Berlusconi una persona cara, un vero amico" . Rai News  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russias-putin-pays-tribute-berlusconi-dear-wise-friend-2023-06-12/) "Russia's Putin calls Berlusconi a dear, wise friend and statesman" . Reuters. 12 June 2023. Retrieved 12 June 2023 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Russia%27s+Putin+calls+Berlusconi+a+dear%2C+wise+friend+and+statesman&rft.pub=Reuters&rft.date=2023-06-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Frussias-putin-pays-tribute-berlusconi-dear-wise-friend-2023-06-12%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   "(http://www.timeslive.co.za/world/article979191.ece/West-in-mediaeval-crusade-on-Gaddafi--Putin) West in "medieval crusade" on Gaddafi: Putin (https://web.archive.org/web/20110323111540/http://www.timeslive.co.za/world/article979191.ece/West-in-mediaeval-crusade-on-Gaddafi--Putin) Archived 23 March 2011 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)  ." (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times_(South_Africa)) (The Times (South Africa)) The Times  ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuters) (Reuters) Reuters ). 21 March 2011.  ↑   Shuster, Simon. "(http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,2151148,00.html) The World According to Putin (https://web.archive.org/web/20220227153907/http://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,2151148,00.html) Archived 27 February 2022 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)  ," Time 16 September 2013, pp. 30–35.  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/e3ace220-a252-11e4-9630-00144feab7de.html) "Battle for Ukraine: How the west lost Putin" . Financial Times . 2 February 2015. Archived from (Paid subscription required) (https://www.ft.com/content/e3ace220-a252-11e4-9630-00144feab7de) the original  on 10 December 2022. Retrieved 25 November 2015 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Battle+for+Ukraine%3A+How+the+west+lost+Putin&rft.date=2015-02-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2Fe3ace220-a252-11e4-9630-00144feab7de&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (https://edition.cnn.com/2014/03/24/politics/obama-europe-trip/) U.S., other powers kick Russia out of G8 , CNN  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://www.businessinsider.com/russia-temporarily-kicked-out-of-g8-club-of-rich-countries-2014-3) "Russia Temporarily Kicked Out of G8 Club of Rich Countries" . Business Insider . 18 June 2013. Retrieved 25 March 2014 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=Russia+Temporarily+Kicked+Out+of+G8+Club+of+Rich+Countries&rft.date=2013-06-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Frussia-temporarily-kicked-out-of-g8-club-of-rich-countries-2014-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Demirjian, Karoun; Birnbaum, Michael (24 October 2014). (https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/russias-putin-blames-us-for-destabilizing-world-order/2014/10/24/1c2e684f-6c00-41a0-8458-03533d644657_story.html) "Russia's president excoriates the United States for world's problems" . The Washington Post . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) (ISSN (identifier)) ISSN  (https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286) 0190-8286 . Retrieved 4 March 2022 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Russia%27s+president+excoriates+the+United+States+for+world%27s+problems&rft.date=2014-10-24&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft.aulast=Demirjian&rft.aufirst=Karoun&rft.au=Birnbaum%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Frussias-putin-blames-us-for-destabilizing-world-order%2F2014%2F10%2F24%2F1c2e684f-6c00-41a0-8458-03533d644657_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   "(http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/insane-person-fear-russian-aggresion-putin-article-1.2249511) Russian President Vladimir Putin says 'only an insane person' would fear Russian attack on NATO ". (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daily_News_(New_York)) (Daily News (New York)) Daily News  . 7 June 2015.  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2016-11-09/putin-congratulates-trump-on-victory-hopeful-ties-will-improve) "Putin Congratulates Trump on Victory and Hopeful of Better Ties" . Bloomberg L.P. 9 November 2016. Retrieved 18 May 2017 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Putin+Congratulates+Trump+on+Victory+and+Hopeful+of+Better+Ties&rft.pub=Bloomberg+L.P.&rft.date=2016-11-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2016-11-09%2Fputin-congratulates-trump-on-victory-hopeful-ties-will-improve&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://www.cbsnews.com/news/russia-election-hack-vladimir-putin-personally-involved-us-intelligence-officials-say/) "Vladimir Putin likely gave go-ahead for U.S. cyberattack, intelligence officials say" . CBS News. 15 December 2016. Retrieved 18 May 2017 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vladimir+Putin+likely+gave+go-ahead+for+U.S.+cyberattack%2C+intelligence+officials+say&rft.pub=CBS+News&rft.date=2016-12-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Frussia-election-hack-vladimir-putin-personally-involved-us-intelligence-officials-say%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Englund, Will (28 July 2016). (https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/the-roots-of-the-hostility-between-putin-and-clinton/2016/07/28/85ca74ca-5402-11e6-b652-315ae5d4d4dd_story.html) "The roots of the hostility between Putin and Clinton" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post) (The Washington Post) The Washington Post  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=The+roots+of+the+hostility+between+Putin+and+Clinton&rft.date=2016-07-28&rft.aulast=Englund&rft.aufirst=Will&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fthe-roots-of-the-hostility-between-putin-and-clinton%2F2016%2F07%2F28%2F85ca74ca-5402-11e6-b652-315ae5d4d4dd_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (https://nationalpost.com/news/world/the-top-four-reasons-vladimir-putin-might-have-a-grudge-against-hillary-clinton) "The top four reasons Vladimir Putin might have a grudge against Hillary Clinton" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Post) (National Post) National Post  . 16 December 2016.  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Crowley, Michael; Ioffe, Julia (26 July 2016). (http://www.politico.com/story/2016/07/clinton-putin-226153) "Why Putin hates Hillary" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politico) (Politico) Politico  . Retrieved 5 August 2023 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Why+Putin+hates+Hillary&rft.date=2016-07-26&rft.aulast=Crowley&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Ioffe%2C+Julia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fstory%2F2016%2F07%2Fclinton-putin-226153&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Carroll, Oliver (19 January 2018). (https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/donald-trump-first-year-inauguration-anniversary-russia-vladimir-putin-relations-moscow-a8168801.html) "US-Russia relations fail to improve in Trump's first year and they are likely to get worse" . The Independent . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=US-Russia+relations+fail+to+improve+in+Trump%27s+first+year+and+they+are+likely+to+get+worse&rft.date=2018-01-19&rft.aulast=Carroll&rft.aufirst=Oliver&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Famericas%2Fdonald-trump-first-year-inauguration-anniversary-russia-vladimir-putin-relations-moscow-a8168801.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/donald-trump-vladimir-putin-us-russia-relations-worse-military-syria-chemical-attack-barack-obama-a7679796.html) "Vladimir Putin says US-Russia relations are worse since Donald Trump took office" . The Independent . 12 April 2017. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Vladimir+Putin+says+US-Russia+relations+are+worse+since+Donald+Trump+took+office&rft.date=2017-04-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Famericas%2Fus-politics%2Fdonald-trump-vladimir-putin-us-russia-relations-worse-military-syria-chemical-attack-barack-obama-a7679796.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Dodd, Vikram; Harding, Luke; MacAskill, Ewen (8 March 2018). (https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2018/mar/07/russian-spy-police-appeal-for-witnesses-as-cobra-meeting-takes-place) "Sergei Skripal: former Russian spy poisoned with nerve agent, say police" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian) (The Guardian) The Guardian  . Retrieved 17 March 2018 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Sergei+Skripal%3A+former+Russian+spy+poisoned+with+nerve+agent%2C+say+police&rft.date=2018-03-08&rft.aulast=Dodd&rft.aufirst=Vikram&rft.au=Harding%2C+Luke&rft.au=MacAskill%2C+Ewen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fuk-news%2F2018%2Fmar%2F07%2Frussian-spy-police-appeal-for-witnesses-as-cobra-meeting-takes-place&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Borger, Julian (15 March 2018). (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/mar/14/uk-spy-poisoning-russia-tells-un-it-did-not-make-nerve-agent-used-in-attack) "Spy poisoning: allies back UK and blast Russia at UN security council" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian) (The Guardian) The Guardian  . Retrieved 17 March 2018 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Spy+poisoning%3A+allies+back+UK+and+blast+Russia+at+UN+security+council&rft.date=2018-03-15&rft.aulast=Borger&rft.aufirst=Julian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2018%2Fmar%2F14%2Fuk-spy-poisoning-russia-tells-un-it-did-not-make-nerve-agent-used-in-attack&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Grierson, Jamie; Wintour, Patrick (17 March 2018). (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/mar/17/sergei-skripal-russia-expels-23-british-diplomats) "Sergei Skripal: Russia expels 23 UK diplomats as row deepens" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian) (The Guardian) The Guardian  . Retrieved 17 March 2018 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Sergei+Skripal%3A+Russia+expels+23+UK+diplomats+as+row+deepens&rft.date=2018-03-17&rft.aulast=Grierson&rft.aufirst=Jamie&rft.au=Wintour%2C+Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2018%2Fmar%2F17%2Fsergei-skripal-russia-expels-23-british-diplomats&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Hamilton, Fiona; Parfitt, Tom; Coates, Sam; Blakely, Rhys; Fisher, Lucy (16 March 2018). (https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/west-unites-to-confront-russia-over-poisonings-n88qmsttf) "Johnson points finger at Putin for Salisbury spy attack" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times) (The Times) The Times  . Retrieved 17 March 2018 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=Johnson+points+finger+at+Putin+for+Salisbury+spy+attack&rft.date=2018-03-16&rft.aulast=Hamilton&rft.aufirst=Fiona&rft.au=Parfitt%2C+Tom&rft.au=Coates%2C+Sam&rft.au=Blakely%2C+Rhys&rft.au=Fisher%2C+Lucy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thetimes.co.uk%2Farticle%2Fwest-unites-to-confront-russia-over-poisonings-n88qmsttf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Putin, Vladimir (18 June 2020). (https://nationalinterest.org/feature/vladimir-putin-real-lessons-75th-anniversary-world-war-ii-162982) "The Real Lessons of the 75th Anniversary of World War II" . The National Interest . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+National+Interest&rft.atitle=The+Real+Lessons+of+the+75th+Anniversary+of+World+War+II&rft.date=2020-06-18&rft.aulast=Putin&rft.aufirst=Vladimir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnationalinterest.org%2Ffeature%2Fvladimir-putin-real-lessons-75th-anniversary-world-war-ii-162982&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Middelaar, Luuk van (26 June 2020). (https://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2020/06/26/poetin-is-politicus-en-dus-historicus-a4004120) "Poetin is politicus, en dus historicus" . NRC Handelsblad . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NRC+Handelsblad&rft.atitle=Poetin+is+politicus%2C+en+dus+historicus&rft.date=2020-06-26&rft.aulast=Middelaar&rft.aufirst=Luuk+van&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrc.nl%2Fnieuws%2F2020%2F06%2F26%2Fpoetin-is-politicus-en-dus-historicus-a4004120&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://edition.cnn.com/2023/02/21/europe/putin-russia-new-start-nuclear-pact-intl/index.html) "Putin pulls back from last remaining nuclear arms control pact with the US" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNN) (CNN) CNN  . 21 February 2023. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Putin+pulls+back+from+last+remaining+nuclear+arms+control+pact+with+the+US&rft.date=2023-02-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2023%2F02%2F21%2Feurope%2Fputin-russia-new-start-nuclear-pact-intl%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-65077687) Putin: Russia to station nuclear weapons in Belarus BBC (25 March 2023)  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kwJPJR3LfwI) "Putin's ominous message: 'We can kill people in broad daylight in EU, we'll take care of our people' " . 2 August 2024. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Putin%27s+ominous+message%3A+%27We+can+kill+people+in+broad+daylight+in+EU%2C+we%27ll+take+care+of+our+people%27&rft.date=2024-08-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DkwJPJR3LfwI&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Walker, Shaun; Cole, Deborah (2 August 2024). (https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/aug/02/kremlin-admits-vadim-krasikov-is-an-russian-state-assassin) "Kremlin admits Vadim Krasikov is a Russian state assassin" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian) (The Guardian) The Guardian  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Kremlin+admits+Vadim+Krasikov+is+a+Russian+state+assassin&rft.date=2024-08-02&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Shaun&rft.au=Cole%2C+Deborah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2Farticle%2F2024%2Faug%2F02%2Fkremlin-admits-vadim-krasikov-is-an-russian-state-assassin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Coalson, Robert (3 August 2024). (https://www.rferl.org/a/russia-prisoner-swap-terrorism-espionage-putin/33061336.html) "Beyond the Elation, Putin's Prisoner Swap Has Ominous Implications" . Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Free+Europe%2FRadio+Liberty&rft.atitle=Beyond+the+Elation%2C+Putin%27s+Prisoner+Swap+Has+Ominous+Implications&rft.date=2024-08-03&rft.aulast=Coalson&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2Fa%2Frussia-prisoner-swap-terrorism-espionage-putin%2F33061336.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://apnews.com/article/russia-gershkovich-whelan-prisoner-swap-354df585ad321ecdbea4c0f2c557f0aa) "Things to know about the largest US-Russia prisoner swap in post-Soviet history" . AP News . 1 August 2024. (https://web.archive.org/web/20240802233705/https://apnews.com/article/russia-gershkovich-whelan-prisoner-swap-354df585ad321ecdbea4c0f2c557f0aa) Archived from the original on 2 August 2024. Retrieved 5 August 2024 . The U.S. and Russia on Thursday completed their largest prisoner swap in post-Soviet history...  (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AP+News&rft.atitle=Things+to+know+about+the+largest+US-Russia+prisoner+swap+in+post-Soviet+history&rft.date=2024-08-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Frussia-gershkovich-whelan-prisoner-swap-354df585ad321ecdbea4c0f2c557f0aa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.politico.eu/article/russia-attack-kyiv-drones-missiles-condemning-us-strikes-iran-ukraine-war-invasion-volodymyr-zelenskyy/) "Russia hits Kyiv with huge attack while condemning US strikes on Iran" . Politico . 23 June 2025. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Russia+hits+Kyiv+with+huge+attack+while+condemning+US+strikes+on+Iran&rft.date=2025-06-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.eu%2Farticle%2Frussia-attack-kyiv-drones-missiles-condemning-us-strikes-iran-ukraine-war-invasion-volodymyr-zelenskyy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Black, Ian (29 May 2002). (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/may/29/russia.ianblack) "Russia and NATO greet arrival of a warm front" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian) (The Guardian) The Guardian  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Russia+and+NATO+greet+arrival+of+a+warm+front&rft.date=2002-05-29&rft.aulast=Black&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2002%2Fmay%2F29%2Frussia.ianblack&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (http://www.france24.com/en/20080925-russia-nuclear-putin-chavez-nuclear-energy) Russia Forges Nuclear Links With Venezuela (https://web.archive.org/web/20131110051027/http://www.france24.com/en/20080925-russia-nuclear-putin-chavez-nuclear-energy) Archived 10 November 2013 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)  France 24  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7609577.stm) "World – Americas – Russian bombers land in Venezuela" . BBC. 11 September 2008. Retrieved 25 November 2015 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=World+%E2%80%93+Americas+%E2%80%93+Russian+bombers+land+in+Venezuela&rft.date=2008-09-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Famericas%2F7609577.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Tyler, Patrick (16 December 2000). (https://www.nytimes.com/2000/12/16/world/putin-in-cuba-signals-priority-of-ties-to-us.html) "Putin, in Cuba, Signals Priority of Ties to U.S." The New York Times . Retrieved 23 August 2016 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Putin%2C+in+Cuba%2C+Signals+Priority+of+Ties+to+U.S.&rft.date=2000-12-16&rft.aulast=Tyler&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2000%2F12%2F16%2Fworld%2Fputin-in-cuba-signals-priority-of-ties-to-us.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  McCoy, Terrence; Harlan, Chico (24 February 2022). (https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/02/24/russia-ukraine-putin-bolsonaro-salvini/) "The global right has lionized Putin. The Ukraine attack leaves many leaders on an awkward footing" . The Washington Post . Retrieved 18 March 2022 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=The+global+right+has+lionized+Putin.+The+Ukraine+attack+leaves+many+leaders+on+an+awkward+footing.&rft.date=2022-02-24&rft.aulast=McCoy&rft.aufirst=Terrence&rft.au=Harlan%2C+Chico&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2F2022%2F02%2F24%2Frussia-ukraine-putin-bolsonaro-salvini%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (http://top.rbc.ru/politics/16/10/2007/122607.shtml) Putin: Iran Has Right to Develop Peaceful Nuclear Programme (https://web.archive.org/web/20080406094726/http://top.rbc.ru/politics/16/10/2007/122607.shtml) Archived 6 April 2008 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)  , 16 October 2007, Rbc.ru  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20071017065727/http://www.reuters.com/news/video/videoStory?videoId=68897) "Putin's warning to the U.S." Reuters . 16 October 2007. Archived from (https://www.reuters.com/news/video/videoStory?videoId=68897) the original on 17 October 2007. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Putin%27s+warning+to+the+U.S.&rft.date=2007-10-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fnews%2Fvideo%2FvideoStory%3FvideoId%3D68897&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20080504052206/http://president.kremlin.ru/text/news/2007/10/148432.shtml) Владимир Путин положительно оценил итоги Второго Каспийского саммита на встрече с Президентом Ирана Махмудом Ахмадинежадом  [ Vladimir Putin assessed the results of the Second Caspian Summit positively on meeting with Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad] (in Russian). Kremlin.ru. 16 October 2007. Archived from (http://president.kremlin.ru/text/news/2007/10/148432.shtml) the original on 4 May 2008. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80+%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE+%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BB+%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8+%D0%92%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5+%D1%81+%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D0%90%D1%85%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BC&rft.pub=Kremlin.ru&rft.date=2007-10-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpresident.kremlin.ru%2Ftext%2Fnews%2F2007%2F10%2F148432.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)  (./Category:CS1_uses_Russian-language_script_(ru))  (./Category:CS1_Russian-language_sources_(ru))    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20080504052159/http://president.kremlin.ru/events/chron/2007/10/148247.shtml) Визит в Исламскую Республику Иран. Второй Каспийский саммит  [ Visit to Iran. Second Caspian Summit] (in Russian). Kremlin.ru. 16 October 2007. Archived from (http://president.kremlin.ru/events/chron/2007/10/148247.shtml) the original on 4 May 2008. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%82+%D0%B2+%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%8E+%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%83+%D0%98%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD.+%D0%92%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%82&rft.pub=Kremlin.ru&rft.date=2007-10-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpresident.kremlin.ru%2Fevents%2Fchron%2F2007%2F10%2F148247.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)  (./Category:CS1_uses_Russian-language_script_(ru))  (./Category:CS1_Russian-language_sources_(ru))    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20151016052242/http://www.lebanonwire.com/0710MLN/07101516AF.asp) "Putin confirms Iran visit, brushes off 'plot' reports" . Lebanon Wire. 15 October 2007. Archived from (http://www.lebanonwire.com/0710MLN/07101516AF.asp) the original on 16 October 2015. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Putin+confirms+Iran+visit%2C+brushes+off+%27plot%27+reports&rft.date=2007-10-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lebanonwire.com%2F0710MLN%2F07101516AF.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (https://web.archive.org/web/20080726124113/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/europe/article2666142.ece) Vladimir Putin defies assassination threats to make historic visit to Tehran , 16 October 2007, The Times .  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20080504052153/http://president.kremlin.ru/eng/speeches/2007/10/16/2020_type82914type82915_148460.shtml) "Answer to a Question at the Joint Press Conference Following the Second Caspian Summit" . Kremlin.ru. 16 October 2007. Archived from (http://president.kremlin.ru/eng/speeches/2007/10/16/2020_type82914type82915_148460.shtml) the original on 4 May 2008. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Answer+to+a+Question+at+the+Joint+Press+Conference+Following+the+Second+Caspian+Summit&rft.pub=Kremlin.ru&rft.date=2007-10-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpresident.kremlin.ru%2Feng%2Fspeeches%2F2007%2F10%2F16%2F2020_type82914type82915_148460.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20130514014600/http://gulfnews.com/news/region/libya/putin-s-visit-historic-and-strategic-1.98399) "Putin's visit 'historic and strategic' " . Gulf News . 18 April 2008. Archived from (http://gulfnews.com/news/region/libya/putin-s-visit-historic-and-strategic-1.98399) the original on 14 May 2013. Retrieved 22 June 2013 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gulf+News&rft.atitle=Putin%27s+visit+%27historic+and+strategic%27&rft.date=2008-04-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgulfnews.com%2Fnews%2Fregion%2Flibya%2Fputin-s-visit-historic-and-strategic-1.98399&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Parks, Cara (21 March 2011). (https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/03/21/putin-libya-intervention-_n_838293.html) "Putin: Military Intervention In Libya Resembles 'Crusades' " . HuffPost . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=HuffPost&rft.atitle=Putin%3A+Military+Intervention+In+Libya+Resembles+%27Crusades%27&rft.date=2011-03-21&rft.aulast=Parks&rft.aufirst=Cara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2F2011%2F03%2F21%2Fputin-libya-intervention-_n_838293.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Crugnale, James (15 December 2011). (https://web.archive.org/web/20120104145441/http://www.mediaite.com/online/vladimir-putin-blames-us-drones-for-gaddafi-death-slams-john-mccain/) "Vladimir Putin Blames US Drones For Gaddafi Death, Slams John McCain" . Mediaite.com. Archived from (http://www.mediaite.com/online/vladimir-putin-blames-us-drones-for-gaddafi-death-slams-john-mccain/) the original on 4 January 2012. Retrieved 22 June 2013 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vladimir+Putin+Blames+US+Drones+For+Gaddafi+Death%2C+Slams+John+McCain&rft.pub=Mediaite.com&rft.date=2011-12-15&rft.aulast=Crugnale&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mediaite.com%2Fonline%2Fvladimir-putin-blames-us-drones-for-gaddafi-death-slams-john-mccain%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Citizen, Ottawa (16 December 2011). (https://web.archive.org/web/20131020152422/http://www.canada.com/ottawacitizen/news/world/story.html?id=883c4e8f-cd01-4705-b446-fe9c72d3a291) "Putin claims U.S. planned murder of Gadhafi" . Canada.com. Archived from (http://canada.com/ottawacitizen/news/world/story.html?id=883c4e8f-cd01-4705-b446-fe9c72d3a291) the original on 20 October 2013. Retrieved 22 June 2013 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Putin+claims+U.S.+planned+murder+of+Gadhafi&rft.pub=Canada.com&rft.date=2011-12-16&rft.aulast=Citizen&rft.aufirst=Ottawa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcanada.com%2Fottawacitizen%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fstory.html%3Fid%3D883c4e8f-cd01-4705-b446-fe9c72d3a291&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Trenin, Dmitri (9 February 2012). (https://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/10/opinion/why-russia-supports-assad.html?_r=2&partner=rss&emc=rss) "Why Russia Supports Assad" . The New York Times . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Why+Russia+Supports+Assad&rft.date=2012-02-09&rft.aulast=Trenin&rft.aufirst=Dmitri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F02%2F10%2Fopinion%2Fwhy-russia-supports-assad.html%3F_r%3D2%26partner%3Drss%26emc%3Drss&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Fred Weir (19 January 2012). (https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Europe/2012/0119/Why-Russia-is-willing-to-sell-arms-to-Syria) "Why Russia is willing to sell arms to Syria" . The Christian Science Monitor . Retrieved 22 June 2013 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Christian+Science+Monitor&rft.atitle=Why+Russia+is+willing+to+sell+arms+to+Syria&rft.date=2012-01-19&rft.au=Fred+Weir&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2FWorld%2FEurope%2F2012%2F0119%2FWhy-Russia-is-willing-to-sell-arms-to-Syria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Viscusi, Gregory (1 June 2012). (https://web.archive.org/web/20120718174702/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2012-06-01/hollande-clashes-with-putin-over-ouster-of-syria-s-assad) "Hollande Clashes With Putin Over Ouster of Syria's Assad" . Bloomberg BusinessWeek . Archived from (http://www.businessweek.com/news/2012-06-01/hollande-clashes-with-putin-over-ouster-of-syria-s-assad) the original on 18 July 2012. Retrieved 22 June 2013 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg+BusinessWeek&rft.atitle=Hollande+Clashes+With+Putin+Over+Ouster+of+Syria%27s+Assad&rft.date=2012-06-01&rft.aulast=Viscusi&rft.aufirst=Gregory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessweek.com%2Fnews%2F2012-06-01%2Fhollande-clashes-with-putin-over-ouster-of-syria-s-assad&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Putin, Vladimir V. (11 September 2013). (https://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/12/opinion/putin-plea-for-caution-from-russia-on-syria.html) "A Plea for Caution From Russia" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times) (The New York Times) The New York Times  . Retrieved 11 September 2013 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+Plea+for+Caution+From+Russia&rft.date=2013-09-11&rft.aulast=Putin&rft.aufirst=Vladimir+V.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2013%2F09%2F12%2Fopinion%2Fputin-plea-for-caution-from-russia-on-syria.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.jpost.com/Diplomacy-and-Politics/Putin-says-US-Russia-agree-on-how-to-destroy-Syrias-chemical-weapons-328134) "Putin says US, Russia agree on how to destroy Syria's chemical weapons" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Jerusalem_Post) (The Jerusalem Post) The Jerusalem Post  . 8 October 2013. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Jerusalem+Post&rft.atitle=Putin+says+US%2C+Russia+agree+on+how+to+destroy+Syria%27s+chemical+weapons&rft.date=2013-10-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpost.com%2FDiplomacy-and-Politics%2FPutin-says-US-Russia-agree-on-how-to-destroy-Syrias-chemical-weapons-328134&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Melik Kaylan. (https://www.forbes.com/sites/melikkaylan/2015/09/30/putins-syria-gambit-could-be-his-waterloo/) "Putin's Syria Gambit Could Be His Waterloo" . Forbes . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Putin%27s+Syria+Gambit+Could+Be+His+Waterloo&rft.au=Melik+Kaylan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fmelikkaylan%2F2015%2F09%2F30%2Fputins-syria-gambit-could-be-his-waterloo%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Kaylan, Melik. (https://www.forbes.com/sites/melikkaylan/2014/11/12/is-putin-about-to-invade-ukraine/) "Is Putin About To Invade Ukraine?" . Forbes . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Is+Putin+About+To+Invade+Ukraine%3F&rft.aulast=Kaylan&rft.aufirst=Melik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fmelikkaylan%2F2014%2F11%2F12%2Fis-putin-about-to-invade-ukraine%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Pedler, John (2015). A Word Before Leaving: A Former Diplomat's Weltanschauung . p. 129. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Word+Before+Leaving%3A+A+Former+Diplomat%27s+Weltanschauung&rft.pages=129&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Pedler&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Borshchevskaya, Anna (2022). Putin's War in Syria . I. B. Tauris. pp. 70, 71, 80, 81, 157, 169, 171, 174. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7556-3463-7) (Special:BookSources/978-0-7556-3463-7) 978-0-7556-3463-7  . Even pro-Kremlin Russian analysts over the years, in private, acknowledged that at least one chief Russian goal in Syria has been anti-American. Anti-Americanism was also behind the Kremlin's chief motivation for supporting Assad  (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Putin%27s+War+in+Syria&rft.pages=70%2C+71%2C+80%2C+81%2C+157%2C+169%2C+171%2C+174&rft.pub=I.+B.+Tauris&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-0-7556-3463-7&rft.aulast=Borshchevskaya&rft.aufirst=Anna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/09/russian-carries-air-strikes-syria-150930133155190.html) "Russia carries out first air strikes in Syria" . Al Jazeera. 30 September 2015. (https://web.archive.org/web/20150930155218/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/09/russian-carries-air-strikes-syria-150930133155190.html) Archived from the original on 30 September 2015. Retrieved 1 October 2015 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Russia+carries+out+first+air+strikes+in+Syria&rft.pub=Al+Jazeera&rft.date=2015-09-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2015%2F09%2Frussian-carries-air-strikes-syria-150930133155190.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Geukjian, Ohannes (2022). "5: Russian Diplomacy, War, and Peace Making, 2017–19". The Russian Military Intervention in Syria . McGill-Queen's University Press. p. 196. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-228-00829-3) (Special:BookSources/978-0-228-00829-3) 978-0-228-00829-3  . Russia's overreach aimed at undermining and hollowing out the US-led international order  (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=5%3A+Russian+Diplomacy%2C+War%2C+and+Peace+Making%2C+2017%E2%80%9319&rft.btitle=The+Russian+Military+Intervention+in+Syria&rft.pages=196&rft.pub=McGill-Queen%27s+University+Press&rft.date=2022&rft.isbn=978-0-228-00829-3&rft.aulast=Geukjian&rft.aufirst=Ohannes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Cohen, Roger (24 December 2022). (https://web.archive.org/web/20230103183631/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/24/world/africa/central-african-republic-russia-wagner.html) "Putin Wants Fealty, and He's Found It in Africa" . The New York Times . Archived from (https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/24/world/africa/central-african-republic-russia-wagner.html) the original on 3 January 2023. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Putin+Wants+Fealty%2C+and+He%27s+Found+It+in+Africa&rft.date=2022-12-24&rft.aulast=Cohen&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2022%2F12%2F24%2Fworld%2Fafrica%2Fcentral-african-republic-russia-wagner.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Bax, Pauline (3 December 2021). (https://web.archive.org/web/20220302075435/https://www.crisisgroup.org/africa/central-africa/central-african-republic/russias-influence-central-african-republic) "Russia's Influence in the Central African Republic" . Archived from (https://www.crisisgroup.org/africa/central-africa/central-african-republic/russias-influence-central-african-republic) the original on 2 March 2022. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Russia%27s+Influence+in+the+Central+African+Republic&rft.date=2021-12-03&rft.aulast=Bax&rft.aufirst=Pauline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.crisisgroup.org%2Fafrica%2Fcentral-africa%2Fcentral-african-republic%2Frussias-influence-central-african-republic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Posthumus, Bram (20 May 2022). (https://web.archive.org/web/20220601181619/https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2022/5/20/the-curious-case-of-russias-romance-in-central-african-republic) "Analysis: The curious case of Russia in Central African Republic" . Al Jazeera. Archived from (https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2022/5/20/the-curious-case-of-russias-romance-in-central-african-republic) the original on 1 June 2022. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Analysis%3A+The+curious+case+of+Russia+in+Central+African+Republic&rft.date=2022-05-20&rft.aulast=Posthumus&rft.aufirst=Bram&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Ffeatures%2F2022%2F5%2F20%2Fthe-curious-case-of-russias-romance-in-central-african-republic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Burke, Sauer; Jason, Pjotr (16 December 2022). (https://web.archive.org/web/20221217001123/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/dec/16/dmitry-sytii-ally-of-wagner-boss-injured-in-car-after-assassination-attempt) "Ally of Wagner Group boss hurt in 'assassination attempt' in central Africa" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian) (The Guardian) The Guardian  . Archived from (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/dec/16/dmitry-sytii-ally-of-wagner-boss-injured-in-car-after-assassination-attempt) the original on 17 December 2022. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Ally+of+Wagner+Group+boss+hurt+in+%27assassination+attempt%27+in+central+Africa&rft.date=2022-12-16&rft.aulast=Burke&rft.aufirst=Sauer&rft.au=Jason%2C+Pjotr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2022%2Fdec%2F16%2Fdmitry-sytii-ally-of-wagner-boss-injured-in-car-after-assassination-attempt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Gershkovich, Evan (26 October 2019). (https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2019/10/26/russias-inaugural-africa-summit-moscow-sells-sovereignty-a67916) "At Russia's Inaugural Africa Summit, Moscow Sells Sovereignty" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Moscow_Times) (The Moscow Times) The Moscow Times  . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Refworld&rft.atitle=Refworld+%7C+%27Good+Tsar%2C+Bad+Boyars%27%3A+Popular+Attitudes+and+Azerbaijan%27s+Future&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.refworld.org%2Fdocid%2F54fdafd74.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://tvrain.ru/news/rejting_doverija_putinu_dostig_istoricheskogo_minimuma_on_upal_vdvoe_s_2015_goda-478970/) "Рейтинг доверия Путину достиг исторического минимума. Он упал вдвое с 2015 года" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TV_Rain) (TV Rain) TV Rain  . 18 January 2019. Retrieved 19 January 2019 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=TV+Rain&rft.atitle=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3+%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%83+%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B3+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0.+%D0%9E%D0%BD+%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BB+%D0%B2%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D1%81+2015+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0&rft.date=2019-01-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftvrain.ru%2Fnews%2Frejting_doverija_putinu_dostig_istoricheskogo_minimuma_on_upal_vdvoe_s_2015_goda-478970%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://wciom.ru/news/ratings/doverie_politikam_1/) "Доверие политикам (1)" . wciom.ru . Retrieved 25 May 2020 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wciom.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC+%281%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwciom.ru%2Fnews%2Fratings%2Fdoverie_politikam_1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://wciom.ru/news/ratings/doverie_politikam/) "Доверие политикам (2)" . wciom.ru . Retrieved 25 May 2020 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=wciom.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC+%282%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwciom.ru%2Fnews%2Fratings%2Fdoverie_politikam%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Kolesnikov, Andrei (15 June 2020). (https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2020/06/15/why-putins-rating-is-at-a-record-low-a70572) "Why Putin's Rating Is at a Record Low" . Moscow Times . Retrieved 16 June 2020 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Moscow+Times&rft.atitle=Why+Putin%27s+Rating+Is+at+a+Record+Low&rft.date=2020-06-15&rft.aulast=Kolesnikov&rft.aufirst=Andrei&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.themoscowtimes.com%2F2020%2F06%2F15%2Fwhy-putins-rating-is-at-a-record-low-a70572&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Sauer, Pjotr (25 February 2022). (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/feb/25/pure-orwell-how-russian-state-media-spins-ukraine-invasion-as-liberation) " 'Pure Orwell': how Russian state media spins invasion as liberation" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian) (The Guardian) The Guardian  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=%27Pure+Orwell%27%3A+how+Russian+state+media+spins+invasion+as+liberation&rft.date=2022-02-25&rft.aulast=Sauer&rft.aufirst=Pjotr&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2022%2Ffeb%2F25%2Fpure-orwell-how-russian-state-media-spins-ukraine-invasion-as-liberation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Gessen, Masha (4 March 2022). (https://www.newyorker.com/news/dispatch/03/14/the-war-that-russians-do-not-see) "The War That Russians Do Not See" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_Yorker) (The New Yorker) The New Yorker  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=The+War+That+Russians+Do+Not+See&rft.date=2022-03-04&rft.aulast=Gessen&rft.aufirst=Masha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fnews%2Fdispatch%2F03%2F14%2Fthe-war-that-russians-do-not-see&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Hopkins, Valerie (6 March 2022). (https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/06/world/europe/ukraine-russia-families.html) "Ukrainians Find That Relatives in Russia Don't Believe It's a War" . The New York Times . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Ukrainians+Find+That+Relatives+in+Russia+Don%27t+Believe+It%27s+a+War&rft.date=2022-03-06&rft.aulast=Hopkins&rft.aufirst=Valerie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2022%2F03%2F06%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fukraine-russia-families.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/02/24/use-only-official-sources-about-ukraine-war-russian-media-watchdog-tells-journalists-a76567) "Use Only Official Sources About Ukraine War, Russian Media Watchdog Tells Journalists" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow_Times) (Moscow Times) Moscow Times  . 24 February 2022. (https://web.archive.org/web/20220224123216/https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/02/24/use-only-official-sources-about-ukraine-war-russian-media-watchdog-tells-journalists-a76567) Archived from the original on 24 February 2022. Retrieved 24 February 2022 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Moscow+Times&rft.atitle=Use+Only+Official+Sources+About+Ukraine+War%2C+Russian+Media+Watchdog+Tells+Journalists&rft.date=2022-02-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.themoscowtimes.com%2F2022%2F02%2F24%2Fuse-only-official-sources-about-ukraine-war-russian-media-watchdog-tells-journalists-a76567&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/31/world/europe/putin-approval-rating-russia.html) "Faced with foreign pressure, Russians rally around Putin, poll shows" . The New York Times . 31 March 2022. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Faced+with+foreign+pressure%2C+Russians+rally+around+Putin%2C+poll+shows.&rft.date=2022-03-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2022%2F03%2F31%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fputin-approval-rating-russia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.europeanleadershipnetwork.org/commentary/ukrainians-want-to-stay-and-fight-but-dont-see-russian-people-as-the-enemy-a-remarkable-poll-from-kyiv/) "Ukrainians want to stay and fight, but don't see Russian people as the enemy. A remarkable poll from Kyiv" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Leadership_Network) (European Leadership Network) European Leadership Network  . 14 March 2022. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=European+Leadership+Network&rft.atitle=Ukrainians+want+to+stay+and+fight%2C+but+don%27t+see+Russian+people+as+the+enemy.+A+remarkable+poll+from+Kyiv&rft.date=2022-03-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.europeanleadershipnetwork.org%2Fcommentary%2Fukrainians-want-to-stay-and-fight-but-dont-see-russian-people-as-the-enemy-a-remarkable-poll-from-kyiv%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/odr/russia-opinion-polls-war-ukraine/) "In Russia, opinion polls are a political weapon" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenDemocracy) (OpenDemocracy) openDemocracy  . 9 March 2022. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=openDemocracy&rft.atitle=In+Russia%2C+opinion+polls+are+a+political+weapon&rft.date=2022-03-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.opendemocracy.net%2Fen%2Fodr%2Frussia-opinion-polls-war-ukraine%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.svoboda.org/a/nezavisimye-sotsiologi-71-rossiyan-ispytyvaet-gordostj-iz-za-voyny-s-ukrainoy/31757535.html) "Независимые социологи: 71% россиян испытывает гордость из-за войны с Украиной" . Радио Свобода . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Free_Europe/Radio_Liberty) (Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty) Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty . 17 March 2022. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE+%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0&rft.atitle=%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%3A+71%25+%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BD+%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%8B%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B5%D1%82+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C+%D0%B8%D0%B7-%D0%B7%D0%B0+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8B+%D1%81+%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9&rft.date=2022-03-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.svoboda.org%2Fa%2Fnezavisimye-sotsiologi-71-rossiyan-ispytyvaet-gordostj-iz-za-voyny-s-ukrainoy%2F31757535.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://belsat.eu/en/news/18-03-2022-majority-of-russians-proud-of-war-with-ukraine-experts-say/) "Independent sociologists: The vast majority of Russians feel proud of the war with Ukraine" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belsat_TV) (Belsat TV) Belsat TV . 18 March 2022. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Independent+sociologists%3A+The+vast+majority+of+Russians+feel+proud+of+the+war+with+Ukraine&rft.pub=Belsat+TV&rft.date=2022-03-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbelsat.eu%2Fen%2Fnews%2F18-03-2022-majority-of-russians-proud-of-war-with-ukraine-experts-say%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Dougherty, Jill (3 April 2022). (https://edition.cnn.com/2022/04/03/media/russia-media-ukraine-cmd-intl/index.html) "Russians in the dark about true state of war amid country's Orwellian media coverage" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNN) (CNN) CNN . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Russians+in+the+dark+about+true+state+of+war+amid+country%27s+Orwellian+media+coverage&rft.date=2022-04-03&rft.aulast=Dougherty&rft.aufirst=Jill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2022%2F04%2F03%2Fmedia%2Frussia-media-ukraine-cmd-intl%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.levada.ru/2022/03/30/odobrenie-institutov-rejtingi-partij-i-politikov/) "Одобрение Институтов, Рейтинги Партий И Политиков" . levada.ru . 30 March 2022. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=levada.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C+%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B8+%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%98+%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.date=2022-03-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.levada.ru%2F2022%2F03%2F30%2Fodobrenie-institutov-rejtingi-partij-i-politikov%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2022/03/31/putins-approval-surges-after-launch-of-military-operation-in-ukraine-a77162) "Putin's Approval Surges After Launch of 'Military Operation' in Ukraine" . Moscow Times . 31 March 2022. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Moscow+Times&rft.atitle=Putin%27s+Approval+Surges+After+Launch+of+%27Military+Operation%27+in+Ukraine&rft.date=2022-03-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.themoscowtimes.com%2F2022%2F03%2F31%2Fputins-approval-surges-after-launch-of-military-operation-in-ukraine-a77162&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.bbc.com/russian/news-60662712) "Поддерживают ли россияне войну в Украине? Смотря как спросить" . BBC News Russian . 8 March 2022. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News+Russian&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8E%D1%82+%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BD%D0%B5+%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%83+%D0%B2+%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%3F+%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8F+%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA+%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C&rft.date=2022-03-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Frussian%2Fnews-60662712&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Yaffa, Joshua. (https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/why-do-so-many-russians-say-they-support-the-war-in-ukraine) "Why Do So Many Russians Say They Support the War in Ukraine?" . The New Yorker . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+Yorker&rft.atitle=Why+Do+So+Many+Russians+Say+They+Support+the+War+in+Ukraine%3F&rft.aulast=Yaffa&rft.aufirst=Joshua&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newyorker.com%2Fnews%2Fnews-desk%2Fwhy-do-so-many-russians-say-they-support-the-war-in-ukraine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.nytimes.com/2023/12/23/world/europe/putin-russia-ukraine-war-cease-fire.html) "Putin Quietly Signals He Is Open to a Cease-Fire in Ukraine" . The New York Times . 23 December 2023. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Putin+Quietly+Signals+He+Is+Open+to+a+Cease-Fire+in+Ukraine&rft.date=2023-12-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2023%2F12%2F23%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fputin-russia-ukraine-war-cease-fire.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.levada.ru/indikatory/odobrenie-organov-vlasti/) "Одобрение органов власти" (in Russian). Retrieved 25 May 2020 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.levada.ru%2Findikatory%2Fodobrenie-organov-vlasti%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)  (./Category:CS1_Russian-language_sources_(ru))    ↑   "(http://www.levada.ru/2017/06/13/aktsii-protesta-12-iyunya/) Акции протеста 12 июня " (in Russian). (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levada_Centre) (Levada Centre) Levada Centre . 13 June 2017. Retrieved 17 June 2020.  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Plokhy, Serhii (16 May 2023). (https://books.google.com/books?id=H2F_EAAAQBAJ) The Russo-Ukrainian War  . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penguin_Books) (Penguin Books) Penguin Books . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-80206-179-6) (Special:BookSources/978-1-80206-179-6) 978-1-80206-179-6  . (https://web.archive.org/web/20231030112950/https://books.google.com/books?id=H2F_EAAAQBAJ) Archived from the original on 30 October 2023. Retrieved 2 March 2024 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Russo-Ukrainian+War&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=2023-05-16&rft.isbn=978-1-80206-179-6&rft.aulast=Plokhy&rft.aufirst=Serhii&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DH2F_EAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Zavadskaya, Margarita (2023). (https://freedomhouse.org/country/russia/nations-transit/2023) "Russia: Nations in Transit 2023 Country Report" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_House) (Freedom House) Freedom House  . (https://web.archive.org/web/20240313123107/https://freedomhouse.org/country/russia/nations-transit/2023) Archived from the original on 13 March 2024. Retrieved 25 March 2024 . In Russia, national governance represents outright authoritarianism, dominated by widespread oppression and large-scale corruption among the top elites. The 2022 invasion of Ukraine has set the Russian regime on a further downward spiral, making it one of the most notorious personalist dictatorships in the world.  (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Freedom+House&rft.atitle=Russia%3A+Nations+in+Transit+2023+Country+Report&rft.date=2023&rft.aulast=Zavadskaya&rft.aufirst=Margarita&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffreedomhouse.org%2Fcountry%2Frussia%2Fnations-transit%2F2023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Kovalev, Alexey (26 March 2024). (https://foreignpolicy.com/2023/08/01/russia-putin-wagner-repression-authoritarian-totalitarian-arrests-ukraine-war/) "Russia Is Returning to Its Totalitarian Past" . Foreign Policy . (https://web.archive.org/web/20240310074336/https://foreignpolicy.com/2023/08/01/russia-putin-wagner-repression-authoritarian-totalitarian-arrests-ukraine-war/) Archived from the original on 10 March 2024. Retrieved 25 March 2024 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Policy&rft.atitle=Russia+Is+Returning+to+Its+Totalitarian+Past&rft.date=2024-03-26&rft.aulast=Kovalev&rft.aufirst=Alexey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforeignpolicy.com%2F2023%2F08%2F01%2Frussia-putin-wagner-repression-authoritarian-totalitarian-arrests-ukraine-war%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Bass, Sadie (5 August 2009). (https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/headlines/2009/08/putin-bolsters-tough-guy-image-with-shirtless-photos/) "Putin Bolsters Tough Guy Image With Shirtless Photos, Australian Broadcasting Corporation" . ABC News . Retrieved 22 June 2013 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Putin+Bolsters+Tough+Guy+Image+With+Shirtless+Photos%2C+Australian+Broadcasting+Corporation&rft.date=2009-08-05&rft.aulast=Bass&rft.aufirst=Sadie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2Fblogs%2Fheadlines%2F2009%2F08%2Fputin-bolsters-tough-guy-image-with-shirtless-photos%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Rawnsley, Adam (26 May 2011). (https://www.wired.com/dangerroom/2011/05/pow-zam-nyet-superputin-battles-terrorists-protesters-in-online-comic/) "Pow! Zam! Nyet! 'Superputin' Battles Terrorists, Protesters in Online Comic" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wired_(magazine)) (Wired (magazine)) Wired  . Retrieved 27 May 2011 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired&rft.atitle=Pow%21+Zam%21+Nyet%21+%27Superputin%27+Battles+Terrorists%2C+Protesters+in+Online+Comic&rft.date=2011-05-26&rft.aulast=Rawnsley&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2Fdangerroom%2F2011%2F05%2Fpow-zam-nyet-superputin-battles-terrorists-protesters-in-online-comic%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/putin-gone-wild-russia-abuzz-over-pics-of-shirtless-leader-1.639179) "Putin gone wild: Russia abuzz over pics of shirtless leader" . Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. Associated Press. 22 August 2007. Retrieved 2 March 2010 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Putin+gone+wild%3A+Russia+abuzz+over+pics+of+shirtless+leader.&rft.date=2007-08-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fputin-gone-wild-russia-abuzz-over-pics-of-shirtless-leader-1.639179&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Mikhailova, Tatiana (2013). "Putin as the Father of the Nation". In Goscilo, Helena (ed.). (https://books.google.com/books?id=LLhuePPxR1MC&pg=PA76) Putin as Celebrity and Cultural Icon  . Routledge. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-52851-1) (Special:BookSources/978-0-415-52851-1) 978-0-415-52851-1  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Putin+as+the+Father+of+the+Nation&rft.btitle=Putin+as+Celebrity+and+Cultural+Icon&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-415-52851-1&rft.aulast=Mikhailova&rft.aufirst=Tatiana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLLhuePPxR1MC%26pg%3DPA76&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Walsh, Nick Paton (7 July 2006). (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/jul/07/russia.bbc) "Putin woos western critics with webcast" . The Guardian . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Putin+woos+western+critics+with+webcast&rft.date=2006-07-07&rft.aulast=Walsh&rft.aufirst=Nick+Paton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2006%2Fjul%2F07%2Frussia.bbc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/5155448.stm) "Putin recalls kissing boy's belly" . BBC. 6 July 2006. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Putin+recalls+kissing+boy%27s+belly&rft.date=2006-07-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Feurope%2F5155448.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Kravchenko, Stepan; Biryukov, Andrey (13 March 2020). (https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-03-13/putin-doesn-t-like-cult-of-personality-of-putin-kremlin-says) "Putin Doesn't Like Cult of Personality of Putin, Kremlin Says" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloomberg_L.P.) (Bloomberg L.P.) Bloomberg L.P. Retrieved 3 August 2021 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Putin+Doesn%27t+Like+Cult+of+Personality+of+Putin%2C+Kremlin+Says&rft.pub=Bloomberg+L.P.&rft.date=2020-03-13&rft.aulast=Kravchenko&rft.aufirst=Stepan&rft.au=Biryukov%2C+Andrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2020-03-13%2Fputin-doesn-t-like-cult-of-personality-of-putin-kremlin-says&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/russia/8808689/Vladimir-Putin-diving-discovery-was-staged-spokesman-admits.html) Vladimir Putin diving discovery was staged, spokesman admits  , The Daily Telegraph . Retrieved 16 March 2012.  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://uk.reuters.com/article/oukoe-uk-russia-putin-fish-idUKBRE96S0CY20130729) "Russians smell something fishy in Putin's latest stunt" . Reuters . 29 July 2013. Retrieved 12 August 2013 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Russians+smell+something+fishy+in+Putin%27s+latest+stunt&rft.date=2013-07-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuk.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Foukoe-uk-russia-putin-fish-idUKBRE96S0CY20130729&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Kavic, Boris; Novak, Marja; Gaunt, Jeremy (8 March 2016). (https://www.reuters.com/article/us-slovenia-putin-song-idUSKCN0W90Y0) "Slovenian comedian rocks with Putin parody; Trump to follow" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuters) (Reuters) Reuters  . Retrieved 21 May 2017 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Slovenian+comedian+rocks+with+Putin+parody%3B+Trump+to+follow&rft.date=2016-03-08&rft.aulast=Kavic&rft.aufirst=Boris&rft.au=Novak%2C+Marja&rft.au=Gaunt%2C+Jeremy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-slovenia-putin-song-idUSKCN0W90Y0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://www.spectator.co.uk/2016/03/a-senile-putin-becomes-a-parody-of-his-own-parody/) "A senile Putin becomes a parody of his own parody" . The Spectator . 19 March 2016. Retrieved 18 May 2017 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Spectator&rft.atitle=A+senile+Putin+becomes+a+parody+of+his+own+parody&rft.date=2016-03-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.spectator.co.uk%2F2016%2F03%2Fa-senile-putin-becomes-a-parody-of-his-own-parody%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Shearlaw, Maeve (9 September 2015). (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/sep/09/putin-macho-stunt-fitness-fitspiration-instagam) "Let Putin be your fitness inspiration hero" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian) (The Guardian) The Guardian  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Let+Putin+be+your+fitness+inspiration+hero&rft.date=2015-09-09&rft.aulast=Shearlaw&rft.aufirst=Maeve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2015%2Fsep%2F09%2Fputin-macho-stunt-fitness-fitspiration-instagam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_van_Vugt) (Mark van Vugt) Van Vugt, Mark (7 May 2014). (http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/naturally-selected/201405/does-putin-suffer-the-napoleon-complex) "Does Putin Suffer From the Napoleon Complex?" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychology_Today) (Psychology Today) Psychology Today  . Retrieved 7 December 2018 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Psychology+Today&rft.atitle=Does+Putin+Suffer+From+the+Napoleon+Complex%3F&rft.date=2014-05-07&rft.aulast=Van+Vugt&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.psychologytoday.com%2Fblog%2Fnaturally-selected%2F201405%2Fdoes-putin-suffer-the-napoleon-complex&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2011/oct/18/world-leader-heights-tall) "Statesmen and stature: how tall are our world leaders?" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian) (The Guardian) The Guardian  . 18 October 2011. Retrieved 27 December 2018 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Statesmen+and+stature%3A+how+tall+are+our+world+leaders%3F&rft.date=2011-10-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fnews%2Fdatablog%2F2011%2Foct%2F18%2Fworld-leader-heights-tall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20090918192949/http://www.openspace.ru/music_modern/projects/112/details/593) "Песни про Путина" . Openspace.ru . 14 March 2008. Archived from (http://www.openspace.ru/music_modern/projects/112/details/593/) the original on 18 September 2009. Retrieved 7 May 2012 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Openspace.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE+%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0&rft.date=2008-03-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.openspace.ru%2Fmusic_modern%2Fprojects%2F112%2Fdetails%2F593%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (http://www.gazeta.spb.ru/12122-0/) Как используется бренд "Путин": зажигалки, икра, футболки, консервированный перец (https://web.archive.org/web/20150402153600/http://www.gazeta.spb.ru/12122-0/) Archived 2 April 2015 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazeta_(newspaper)) (Gazeta (newspaper)) Gazeta 30 November 2007.  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20080907034052/http://time.com/time/specials/2007/0,28757,1690753,00.html) "Person of the Year 2007" . Time . 2007. Archived from (http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/0,28757,1690753,00.html) the original on 7 September 2008. Retrieved 8 July 2009 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Person+of+the+Year+2007&rft.date=2007&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fspecials%2F2007%2F0%2C28757%2C1690753%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rFMQz6AN3B0) "Putin Answers Questions From Time Magazine" . 20 December 2007. (https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211211/rFMQz6AN3B0) Archived from the original on 11 December 2021. Retrieved 21 June 2016 – via YouTube. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Putin+Answers+Questions+From+Time+Magazine&rft.date=2007-12-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DrFMQz6AN3B0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)     ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Albright, Madeleine (23 April 2014). (http://time.com/70855/vladimir-putin-2014-time-100/) "Vladimir Putin – The Russian Leader Who Truly Tests The West" . Time . Retrieved 2 November 2016 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Vladimir+Putin+%E2%80%93+The+Russian+Leader+Who+Truly+Tests+The+West&rft.date=2014-04-23&rft.aulast=Albright&rft.aufirst=Madeleine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F70855%2Fvladimir-putin-2014-time-100%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Sharkov, Damien (20 April 2016). (http://www.newsweek.com/putin-smart-truly-evil-man-says-madeleine-albright-450332) "Putin Is a 'Smart But Truly Evil Man,' says Madeleine Albright" . Newsweek . Retrieved 2 November 2016 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Newsweek&rft.atitle=Putin+Is+a+%27Smart+But+Truly+Evil+Man%2C%27+says+Madeleine+Albright&rft.date=2016-04-20&rft.aulast=Sharkov&rft.aufirst=Damien&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsweek.com%2Fputin-smart-truly-evil-man-says-madeleine-albright-450332&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidewalt/2016/12/14/the-worlds-most-powerful-people-2016/) "The World's Most Powerful People 2016" . Forbes . 14 December 2016. For the fourth consecutive year, Forbes ranked Russian President Vladimir Putin as the world's most powerful person. From the motherland to Syria to the U.S. presidential elections, Russia's leader continues to get what he wants.  (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=The+World%27s+Most+Powerful+People+2016&rft.date=2016-12-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fdavidewalt%2F2016%2F12%2F14%2Fthe-worlds-most-powerful-people-2016%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Ewalt, David M. (8 May 2018). (https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidewalt/2018/05/08/the-worlds-most-powerful-people-2018) "The World's Most Powerful People 2018" . Forbes . Retrieved 10 May 2018 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=The+World%27s+Most+Powerful+People+2018&rft.date=2018-05-08&rft.aulast=Ewalt&rft.aufirst=David+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fdavidewalt%2F2018%2F05%2F08%2Fthe-worlds-most-powerful-people-2018&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Umland, Andreas (21 January 2016). (https://web.archive.org/web/20170615114641/http://hir.harvard.edu/article/?a=12634) "The Putinverstehers' Misconceived Charge of Russophobia" . Archived from (http://hir.harvard.edu/article/?a=12634) the original on 15 June 2017. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Putinverstehers%27+Misconceived+Charge+of+Russophobia&rft.date=2016-01-21&rft.aulast=Umland&rft.aufirst=Andreas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhir.harvard.edu%2Farticle%2F%3Fa%3D12634&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Gregory, Paul Roderick (5 April 2014). (https://www.forbes.com/sites/paulroderickgregory/2014/04/05/empathizing-with-the-devil-how-germanys-putin-verstehers-shield-russia/) "Empathizing With The Devil: How Germany's Putin–Verstehers Shield Russia" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbes) (Forbes) Forbes  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Empathizing+With+The+Devil%3A+How+Germany%27s+Putin%E2%80%93Verstehers+Shield+Russia&rft.date=2014-04-05&rft.aulast=Gregory&rft.aufirst=Paul+Roderick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fpaulroderickgregory%2F2014%2F04%2F05%2Fempathizing-with-the-devil-how-germanys-putin-verstehers-shield-russia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Sukhotsky, Cyril (5 March 2004), (http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/russian/russia/newsid_3535000/3535811.stm) Путинизмы – 'продуманный личный эпатаж?'  [ Putinism – 'Thoughtful personal outrageous?'] , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_Russian) (BBC Russian) BBC Russian  (in Russian) (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+Russian&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC%D1%8B+%E2%80%93+%27%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D1%8D%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B6%3F%27&rft.date=2004-03-05&rft.aulast=Sukhotsky&rft.aufirst=Cyril&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fhi%2Frussian%2Frussia%2Fnewsid_3535000%2F3535811.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)  (./Category:CS1_uses_Russian-language_script_(ru))  (./Category:CS1_Russian-language_sources_(ru))    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Kharatyan, Kirill (25 December 2012), (http://www.vedomosti.ru/opinion/articles/2012/12/25/citata_nedeli) Кирилл Харатьян: Жаргон Владимира Путина  [ Vladimir Putin's Jargon] , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedomosti) (Vedomosti) Vedomosti  (in Russian) (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vedomosti&rft.atitle=%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB+%D0%A5%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%8F%D0%BD%3A+%D0%96%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BD+%D0%92%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0+%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0&rft.date=2012-12-25&rft.aulast=Kharatyan&rft.aufirst=Kirill&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vedomosti.ru%2Fopinion%2Farticles%2F2012%2F12%2F25%2Fcitata_nedeli&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)  (./Category:CS1_uses_Russian-language_script_(ru))  (./Category:CS1_Russian-language_sources_(ru))    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Luhn, Alec (6 May 2015). (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/may/06/vladimir-putin-15-ways-he-changed-russia-world) "15 Years of Vladimir Putin: 15 Ways He Has Changed Russia and the World" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian) (The Guardian) The Guardian  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=15+Years+of+Vladimir+Putin%3A+15+Ways+He+Has+Changed+Russia+and+the+World&rft.date=2015-05-06&rft.aulast=Luhn&rft.aufirst=Alec&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2015%2Fmay%2F06%2Fvladimir-putin-15-ways-he-changed-russia-world&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Jäkel, Lara (15 March 2022). (https://www.welt.de/politik/deutschland/article237556125/Wladimir-Putin-Eiskalter-Buerokrat-Otto-von-Habsburg-warnte-schon-2003-vor-ihm.html) "Wladimir Putin: 'Eiskalter Bürokrat' – Otto von Habsburg warnte schon 2003 vor ihm" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_Welt) (Die Welt) Die Welt  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Die+Welt&rft.atitle=Wladimir+Putin%3A+%27Eiskalter+B%C3%BCrokrat%27+%E2%80%93+Otto+von+Habsburg+warnte+schon+2003+vor+ihm&rft.date=2022-03-15&rft.aulast=J%C3%A4kel&rft.aufirst=Lara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.welt.de%2Fpolitik%2Fdeutschland%2Farticle237556125%2FWladimir-Putin-Eiskalter-Buerokrat-Otto-von-Habsburg-warnte-schon-2003-vor-ihm.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=om2Fl9Y3I2I) "Über Putin: Wie Otto von Habsburg ihn einschätzte (2003 und 2005)" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube) (YouTube) YouTube  . 8 March 2022. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=YouTube&rft.atitle=%C3%9Cber+Putin%3A+Wie+Otto+von+Habsburg+ihn+einsch%C3%A4tzte+%282003+und+2005%29&rft.date=2022-03-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Dom2Fl9Y3I2I&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Gupta, Oliver Das (5 November 2005). (https://www.sueddeutsche.de/politik/interview-mit-otto-von-habsburg-putin-ist-ein-eiskalter-technokrat-1.750949) "Putin ist ein eiskalter Technokrat" . Süddeutsche.de . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=S%C3%BCddeutsche.de&rft.atitle=Putin+ist+ein+eiskalter+Technokrat&rft.date=2005-11-05&rft.aulast=Gupta&rft.aufirst=Oliver+Das&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sueddeutsche.de%2Fpolitik%2Finterview-mit-otto-von-habsburg-putin-ist-ein-eiskalter-technokrat-1.750949&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garry_Kasparov) (Garry Kasparov) Kasparov, Garry (28 October 2015). (https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2015/10/putin-russia-obama-kasparov/412804/) "Garry Kasparov: How the United States and Its Western Allies Propped Up Putin" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Atlantic) (The Atlantic) The Atlantic  . Retrieved 9 April 2016 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=Garry+Kasparov%3A+How+the+United+States+and+Its+Western+Allies+Propped+Up+Putin&rft.date=2015-10-28&rft.aulast=Kasparov&rft.aufirst=Garry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Finternational%2Farchive%2F2015%2F10%2Fputin-russia-obama-kasparov%2F412804%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.bbc.com/news/av/world-europe-35388686) "Alexei Navalny: 'Putin is the Tsar of corruption' " . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC) (BBC) BBC  . 23 January 2016. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Alexei+Navalny%3A+%27Putin+is+the+Tsar+of+corruption%27&rft.date=2016-01-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fav%2Fworld-europe-35388686&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Strauss, Daniel (17 January 2016). (https://www.politico.com/blogs/live-from-charleston-sc/2016/01/hillary-clinton-vladimir-putin-its-interesting-217926) "Hillary Clinton Describes Relationship With Putin: 'It's... interesting' " . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politico) (Politico) Politico  . Retrieved 14 April 2016 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Hillary+Clinton+Describes+Relationship+With+Putin%3A+%27It%27s...+interesting%27&rft.date=2016-01-17&rft.aulast=Strauss&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fblogs%2Flive-from-charleston-sc%2F2016%2F01%2Fhillary-clinton-vladimir-putin-its-interesting-217926&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20160625091510/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8wJXJWL8XgY&gl=US&hl=en) "Hillary Clinton: Putin is Arrogant and Tough" . GPS with Fareed Zakaria. 27 July 2014. Archived from (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8wJXJWL8XgY) the original on 25 June 2016. Retrieved 15 July 2016 – via YouTube. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hillary+Clinton%3A+Putin+is+Arrogant+and+Tough&rft.pub=GPS+with+Fareed+Zakaria&rft.date=2014-07-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3D8wJXJWL8XgY&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Zakaria, Fareed. (http://www.cnn.com/videos/tv/2016/06/17/exp-gps-putin-on-hillary.cnn) "President Vladimir Putin on Sec. Hillary Clinton" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNN) (CNN) CNN . Retrieved 15 July 2016 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=President+Vladimir+Putin+on+Sec.+Hillary+Clinton&rft.aulast=Zakaria&rft.aufirst=Fareed&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2Fvideos%2Ftv%2F2016%2F06%2F17%2Fexp-gps-putin-on-hillary.cnn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Henderson, Barney (7 September 2014). (Paid subscription required) (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/vladimir-putin/11080133/Dalai-Lama-attacks-self-centred-Vladimir-Putin.html) "Dalai Lama attacks 'self-centered' Vladimir Putin"  . The Daily Telegraph . (https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/vladimir-putin/11080133/Dalai-Lama-attacks-self-centred-Vladimir-Putin.html) Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 9 April 2016 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Dalai+Lama+attacks+%27self-centered%27+Vladimir+Putin&rft.date=2014-09-07&rft.aulast=Henderson&rft.aufirst=Barney&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Fvladimir-putin%2F11080133%2FDalai-Lama-attacks-self-centred-Vladimir-Putin.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)     ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.usnews.com/news/articles/2015/01/05/decoding-vladimir-putins-plan-for-russia) "Decoding Vladimir Putin's Plan" . U.S. News & World Report . 5 January 2015. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+News+%26+World+Report&rft.atitle=Decoding+Vladimir+Putin%27s+Plan&rft.date=2015-01-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usnews.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F2015%2F01%2F05%2Fdecoding-vladimir-putins-plan-for-russia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Kissinger) (Henry Kissinger) Kissinger, Henry (5 March 2014). (https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/henry-kissinger-to-settle-the-ukraine-crisis-start-at-the-end/2014/03/05/46dad868-a496-11e3-8466-d34c451760b9_story.html) "How The Ukraine Crisis Ends" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post) (The Washington Post) The Washington Post  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=How+The+Ukraine+Crisis+Ends&rft.date=2014-03-05&rft.aulast=Kissinger&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fopinions%2Fhenry-kissinger-to-settle-the-ukraine-crisis-start-at-the-end%2F2014%2F03%2F05%2F46dad868-a496-11e3-8466-d34c451760b9_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Rosenberg, Steve (9 October 2019). (https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-49971599) "Berlin Wall anniversary: The 'worst night of my life' " . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_News) (BBC News) BBC News . Retrieved 21 July 2020 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Berlin+Wall+anniversary%3A+The+%27worst+night+of+my+life%27&rft.date=2019-10-09&rft.aulast=Rosenberg&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-49971599&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/mikhail-gorbachev-claims-vladimir-putin-saved-russia-falling-apart-1481065) "Mikhail Gorbachev claims Vladimir Putin saved Russia from falling apart" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Business_Times) (International Business Times) International Business Times  . 27 December 2014. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Business+Times&rft.atitle=Mikhail+Gorbachev+claims+Vladimir+Putin+saved+Russia+from+falling+apart&rft.date=2014-12-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibtimes.co.uk%2Fmikhail-gorbachev-claims-vladimir-putin-saved-russia-falling-apart-1481065&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Struck, Doug (5 December 2007). (https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/12/04/AR2007120402218.html) "Gorbachev Applauds Putin's Achievements" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post) (The Washington Post) The Washington Post  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Gorbachev+Applauds+Putin%27s+Achievements&rft.date=2007-12-05&rft.aulast=Struck&rft.aufirst=Doug&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2007%2F12%2F04%2FAR2007120402218.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Taylor, Brian D. (2011). (https://books.google.com/books?id=SGKM0BjaQJcC&dq=kadyrov+putin+%22saved+russia%22&pg=PA278) State Building in Putin's Russia: Policing and Coercion after Communism  . Cambridge, England: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press) (Cambridge University Press) Cambridge University Press . p. 278. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-76088-1) (Special:BookSources/978-0-521-76088-1) 978-0-521-76088-1  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=State+Building+in+Putin%27s+Russia%3A+Policing+and+Coercion+after+Communism&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+England&rft.pages=278&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-521-76088-1&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Brian+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSGKM0BjaQJcC%26dq%3Dkadyrov%2Bputin%2B%2522saved%2Brussia%2522%26pg%3DPA278&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Bader, Max; van Ham, Carolien (2015). (https://web.archive.org/web/20230709195613/https://ris.utwente.nl/ws/files/276252005/Bader2015what.pdf) "What explains regional variation in election fraud? Evidence from Russia: a research note" (PDF) . Post-Soviet Affairs . 31 (6): 514– 528. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) (Doi (identifier)) doi :(https://doi.org/10.1080%2F1060586X.2014.969023) 10.1080/1060586X.2014.969023 . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) (ISSN (identifier)) ISSN  (https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1060-586X) 1060-586X . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) (S2CID (identifier)) S2CID  (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154548875) 154548875 . Archived from (https://ris.utwente.nl/ws/files/276252005/Bader2015what.pdf) the original (PDF) on 9 July 2023. Retrieved 14 July 2023 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Post-Soviet+Affairs&rft.atitle=What+explains+regional+variation+in+election+fraud%3F+Evidence+from+Russia%3A+a+research+note&rft.volume=31&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=514-528&rft.date=2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154548875%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1060-586X&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F1060586X.2014.969023&rft.aulast=Bader&rft.aufirst=Max&rft.au=van+Ham%2C+Carolien&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fris.utwente.nl%2Fws%2Ffiles%2F276252005%2FBader2015what.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20161231075259/https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2005/russia) "Russia | Country report | Freedom in the World | 2005" . Dreedom House. Archived from (https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2005/russia) the original on 31 December 2016. Retrieved 30 December 2016 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Russia+%7C+Country+report+%7C+Freedom+in+the+World+%7C+2005&rft.pub=Dreedom+House&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffreedomhouse.org%2Freport%2Ffreedom-world%2F2005%2Frussia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Diamond, Larry (7 January 2015). (Paid subscription required) (https://muse.jhu.edu/article/565645) "Facing Up to the Democratic Recession"  . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal_of_Democracy) (Journal of Democracy) Journal of Democracy  . 26 (1). Baltimore, Maryland: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University_Press) (Johns Hopkins University Press) Johns Hopkins University Press : 141– 155. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) (Doi (identifier)) doi :(https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fjod.2015.0009) 10.1353/jod.2015.0009 . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) (ISSN (identifier)) ISSN  (https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1086-3214) 1086-3214 . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) (S2CID (identifier)) S2CID  (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:38581334) 38581334 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Democracy&rft.atitle=Facing+Up+to+the+Democratic+Recession&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=141-155&rft.date=2015-01-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A38581334%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1086-3214&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fjod.2015.0009&rft.aulast=Diamond&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Farticle%2F565645&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Levitsky, Steven; Way, Lucan A. (2010). (https://books.google.com/books?id=NZDI05p1PDgC) Competitive Authoritarianism: Hybrid Regimes after the Cold War  . Cambridge, England: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press) (Cambridge University Press) Cambridge University Press . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-139-49148-8) (Special:BookSources/978-1-139-49148-8) 978-1-139-49148-8  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Competitive+Authoritarianism%3A+Hybrid+Regimes+after+the+Cold+War&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+England&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-139-49148-8&rft.aulast=Levitsky&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft.au=Way%2C+Lucan+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNZDI05p1PDgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Gainous, Jason; Wagner, Kevin M.; Ziegler, Charles E. (2018). "Digital media and political opposition in authoritarian systems: Russia's 2011 and 2016 Duma elections". Democratization . 25 (2): 209– 226. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) (Doi (identifier)) doi :(https://doi.org/10.1080%2F13510347.2017.1315566) 10.1080/13510347.2017.1315566 . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) (ISSN (identifier)) ISSN  (https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1351-0347) 1351-0347 . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) (S2CID (identifier)) S2CID  (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:152199313) 152199313 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Democratization&rft.atitle=Digital+media+and+political+opposition+in+authoritarian+systems%3A+Russia%27s+2011+and+2016+Duma+elections&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=209-226&rft.date=2018&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A152199313%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1351-0347&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F13510347.2017.1315566&rft.aulast=Gainous&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft.au=Wagner%2C+Kevin+M.&rft.au=Ziegler%2C+Charles+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Gelman) (Vladimir Gelman) Gelman, Vladimir (2015). Authoritarian Russia: Analyzing Post-Soviet Regime Changes . Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Pittsburgh_Press) (University of Pittsburgh Press) University of Pittsburgh Press . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) (Doi (identifier)) doi :(https://doi.org/10.2307%2Fj.ctt155jmv1) 10.2307/j.ctt155jmv1 . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8229-6368-4) (Special:BookSources/978-0-8229-6368-4) 978-0-8229-6368-4  . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) (JSTOR (identifier)) JSTOR  (https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt155jmv1) j.ctt155jmv1 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Authoritarian+Russia%3A+Analyzing+Post-Soviet+Regime+Changes&rft.place=Pittsburgh%2C+Pennsylvania&rft.pub=University+of+Pittsburgh+Press&rft.date=2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2Fj.ctt155jmv1%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2Fj.ctt155jmv1&rft.isbn=978-0-8229-6368-4&rft.aulast=Gelman&rft.aufirst=Vladimir&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Ross, Cameron (2018). (https://doi.org/10.1057%2Fs41599-018-0137-1) "Regional elections in Russia: instruments of authoritarian legitimacy or instability?" . Palgrave Communications . 4 (1) 75: 1– 9. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) (Doi (identifier)) doi :(Freely accessible) (https://doi.org/10.1057%2Fs41599-018-0137-1) 10.1057/s41599-018-0137-1  . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) (ISSN (identifier)) ISSN  (https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2055-1045) 2055-1045 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Palgrave+Communications&rft.atitle=Regional+elections+in+Russia%3A+instruments+of+authoritarian+legitimacy+or+instability%3F&rft.volume=4&rft.issue=1&rft.artnum=75&rft.pages=1-9&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1057%2Fs41599-018-0137-1&rft.issn=2055-1045&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.aufirst=Cameron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1057%252Fs41599-018-0137-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  White, Stephen (2014). White, Stephen (ed.). Russia's Authoritarian Elections . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) (Doi (identifier)) doi :(https://doi.org/10.4324%2F9781315872100) 10.4324/9781315872100 . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-315-87210-0) (Special:BookSources/978-1-315-87210-0) 978-1-315-87210-0  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Russia%27s+Authoritarian+Elections&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4324%2F9781315872100&rft.isbn=978-1-315-87210-0&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Ross, Cameron (2011). "Regional Elections and Electoral Authoritarianism in Russia". Europe-Asia Studies . 63 (4): 641– 661. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) (Doi (identifier)) doi :(https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09668136.2011.566428) 10.1080/09668136.2011.566428 . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) (ISSN (identifier)) ISSN  (https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0966-8136) 0966-8136 . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) (S2CID (identifier)) S2CID  (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154016379) 154016379 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Europe-Asia+Studies&rft.atitle=Regional+Elections+and+Electoral+Authoritarianism+in+Russia&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=641-661&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154016379%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0966-8136&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F09668136.2011.566428&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.aufirst=Cameron&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Skovoroda, Rodion; (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomila_Lankina) (Tomila Lankina) Lankina, Tomila (2017). (https://researchonline.lse.ac.uk/id/eprint/67182/) "Fabricating votes for Putin: new tests of fraud and electoral manipulations from Russia" . Post-Soviet Affairs . 33 (2): 100– 123. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) (Doi (identifier)) doi :(https://doi.org/10.1080%2F1060586X.2016.1207988) 10.1080/1060586X.2016.1207988 . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) (ISSN (identifier)) ISSN  (https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1060-586X) 1060-586X . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) (S2CID (identifier)) S2CID  (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:54830119) 54830119 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Post-Soviet+Affairs&rft.atitle=Fabricating+votes+for+Putin%3A+new+tests+of+fraud+and+electoral+manipulations+from+Russia&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=100-123&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A54830119%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1060-586X&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F1060586X.2016.1207988&rft.aulast=Skovoroda&rft.aufirst=Rodion&rft.au=Lankina%2C+Tomila&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fresearchonline.lse.ac.uk%2Fid%2Feprint%2F67182%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Moser, Robert G.; White, Allison C. (2017). "Does electoral fraud spread? The expansion of electoral manipulation in Russia". Post-Soviet Affairs . 33 (2): 85– 99. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) (Doi (identifier)) doi :(https://doi.org/10.1080%2F1060586X.2016.1153884) 10.1080/1060586X.2016.1153884 . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) (ISSN (identifier)) ISSN  (https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1060-586X) 1060-586X . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)) (S2CID (identifier)) S2CID  (https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:54037737) 54037737 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Post-Soviet+Affairs&rft.atitle=Does+electoral+fraud+spread%3F+The+expansion+of+electoral+manipulation+in+Russia&rft.volume=33&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=85-99&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A54037737%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1060-586X&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F1060586X.2016.1153884&rft.aulast=Moser&rft.aufirst=Robert+G.&rft.au=White%2C+Allison+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20170101001014/https://freedomhouse.org/article/russia-downgraded-not-free?page=70&release=242) "Russia Downgraded to 'Not Free' | Freedom House" . freedomhouse.org . Archived from (https://freedomhouse.org/article/russia-downgraded-not-free?page=70&release=242) the original on 1 January 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2016 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=freedomhouse.org&rft.atitle=Russia+Downgraded+to+%27Not+Free%27+%7C+Freedom+House&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffreedomhouse.org%2Farticle%2Frussia-downgraded-not-free%3Fpage%3D70%26release%3D242&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://www.yabiladi.com/img/content/EIU-Democracy-Index-2015.pdf) "Democracy Index 2015: Democracy in an age of anxiety" (PDF) . yabiladi.com . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=yabiladi.com&rft.atitle=Democracy+Index+2015%3A+Democracy+in+an+age+of+anxiety&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yabiladi.com%2Fimg%2Fcontent%2FEIU-Democracy-Index-2015.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2022/02/09/a-new-low-for-global-democracy) "A new low for global democracy" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Economist) (The Economist) The Economist  . 9 February 2022. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=A+new+low+for+global+democracy&rft.date=2022-02-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fgraphic-detail%2F2022%2F02%2F09%2Fa-new-low-for-global-democracy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Kekic, Laza. (https://www.economist.com/media/pdf/DEMOCRACY_INDEX_2007_v3.pdf) "Index of democracy by Economist Intelligence Unit" (PDF) . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Economist) (The Economist) The Economist  . Retrieved 27 December 2007 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Index+of+democracy+by+Economist+Intelligence+Unit&rft.aulast=Kekic&rft.aufirst=Laza&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fmedia%2Fpdf%2FDEMOCRACY_INDEX_2007_v3.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Gregory, Paul Roderick (18 July 2018). (https://www.forbes.com/sites/paulroderickgregory/2013/07/18/putin-declares-himself-dictator-with-the-navalny-verdict/?sh=56d835b60b48) "Putin Declares Himself Dictator With The Navalny Verdict" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forbes) (Forbes) Forbes  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Putin+Declares+Himself+Dictator+With+The+Navalny+Verdict&rft.date=2018-07-18&rft.aulast=Gregory&rft.aufirst=Paul+Roderick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Fpaulroderickgregory%2F2013%2F07%2F18%2Fputin-declares-himself-dictator-with-the-navalny-verdict%2F%3Fsh%3D56d835b60b48&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.economist.com/briefing/2021/11/13/vladimir-putin-has-shifted-from-autocracy-to-dictatorship) "Vladimir Putin has shifted from autocracy to dictatorship" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Economist) (The Economist) The Economist  . 13 November 2021. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Vladimir+Putin+has+shifted+from+autocracy+to+dictatorship&rft.date=2021-11-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fbriefing%2F2021%2F11%2F13%2Fvladimir-putin-has-shifted-from-autocracy-to-dictatorship&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Kornblum, John (8 February 2015). (https://www.wsj.com/articles/john-kornblum-time-to-stop-letting-putin-win-the-war-of-words-1423438339) "Time to Stop Letting Putin Win the War of Words" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal) (The Wall Street Journal) The Wall Street Journal  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Time+to+Stop+Letting+Putin+Win+the+War+of+Words&rft.date=2015-02-08&rft.aulast=Kornblum&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fjohn-kornblum-time-to-stop-letting-putin-win-the-war-of-words-1423438339&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Ghodsee, Kristen (2017). (https://www.dukeupress.edu/red-hangover) Red Hangover: Legacies of Twentieth-Century Communism  . Durham, North Carolina: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke_University_Press) (Duke University Press) Duke University Press . pp. xix– xx, 134, 197– 200. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-6949-3) (Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-6949-3) 978-0-8223-6949-3  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Red+Hangover%3A+Legacies+of+Twentieth-Century+Communism&rft.place=Durham%2C+North+Carolina&rft.pages=xix-xx%2C+134%2C+197-200&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0-8223-6949-3&rft.aulast=Ghodsee&rft.aufirst=Kristen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dukeupress.edu%2Fred-hangover&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-64138851) "Ukraine war: Putin should face trial this year, says top lawyer" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_News) (BBC News) BBC News  . 1 January 2023. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Ukraine+war%3A+Putin+should+face+trial+this+year%2C+says+top+lawyer&rft.date=2023-01-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-64138851&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/thousands-civilians-mariupol-may-have-died-past-month-un-tells-reuters-2022-03-29/) "Thousands of civilians in Mariupol may have died in past month – UN tells Reuters" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuters) (Reuters) Reuters  . 29 March 2022. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Thousands+of+civilians+in+Mariupol+may+have+died+in+past+month+%E2%80%93+UN+tells+Reuters&rft.date=2022-03-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fthousands-civilians-mariupol-may-have-died-past-month-un-tells-reuters-2022-03-29%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Parker, Ashley (17 March 2022). (https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2022/03/16/biden-zelensky-speech-response-aid/) "Biden calls Putin a 'war criminal' " . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post) (The Washington Post) The Washington Post  . Retrieved 18 March 2022 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Biden+calls+Putin+a+%27war+criminal%27&rft.date=2022-03-17&rft.aulast=Parker&rft.aufirst=Ashley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fpolitics%2F2022%2F03%2F16%2Fbiden-zelensky-speech-response-aid%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Vazquez, Maegan; Carvajal, Nikki (17 March 2022). (https://edition.cnn.com/2022/03/17/politics/biden-putin-pure-thug/index.html) "Biden calls Putin a 'murderous dictator' and 'pure thug' " . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNN) (CNN) CNN  . Retrieved 6 April 2022 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Biden+calls+Putin+a+%27murderous+dictator%27+and+%27pure+thug%27&rft.date=2022-03-17&rft.aulast=Vazquez&rft.aufirst=Maegan&rft.au=Carvajal%2C+Nikki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedition.cnn.com%2F2022%2F03%2F17%2Fpolitics%2Fbiden-putin-pure-thug%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Gambino, Lauren (2 March 2022). (https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2022/mar/01/joe-biden-ukraine-state-of-the-union) "State of the Union: Joe Biden pledges to make Putin pay for Ukraine invasion" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian) (The Guardian) The Guardian  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=State+of+the+Union%3A+Joe+Biden+pledges+to+make+Putin+pay+for+Ukraine+invasion&rft.date=2022-03-02&rft.aulast=Gambino&rft.aufirst=Lauren&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fus-news%2F2022%2Fmar%2F01%2Fjoe-biden-ukraine-state-of-the-union&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20220307020722/https://www.news.com.au/national/ukraines-un-envoy-likens-putin-to-hitler/video/1717033aba4373b46eb28437fac6aba2) "Ukraine's U.N. envoy likens Putin to Hitler" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/News.com.au) (News.com.au) News.com.au  . 1 March 2022. Archived from (https://www.news.com.au/national/ukraines-un-envoy-likens-putin-to-hitler/video/1717033aba4373b46eb28437fac6aba2) the original on 7 March 2022. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=News.com.au&rft.atitle=Ukraine%27s+U.N.+envoy+likens+Putin+to+Hitler&rft.date=2022-03-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.com.au%2Fnational%2Fukraines-un-envoy-likens-putin-to-hitler%2Fvideo%2F1717033aba4373b46eb28437fac6aba2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/eu-launch-new-sanctions-against-russia-over-barbaric-attack-ukraine-2022-02-24/) "EU targets Russian economy after 'deluded autocrat' Putin invades Ukraine" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuters) (Reuters) Reuters  . 25 February 2022. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=EU+targets+Russian+economy+after+%27deluded+autocrat%27+Putin+invades+Ukraine&rft.date=2022-02-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Feu-launch-new-sanctions-against-russia-over-barbaric-attack-ukraine-2022-02-24%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/latvias-pm-says-putin-his-regime-need-be-isolated-world-2022-02-24/) "Latvia's PM says Putin and his regime need to be isolated from the world" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuters) (Reuters) Reuters  . 25 February 2022. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Latvia%27s+PM+says+Putin+and+his+regime+need+to+be+isolated+from+the+world&rft.date=2022-02-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Flatvias-pm-says-putin-his-regime-need-be-isolated-world-2022-02-24%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/europe/eu-to-impose-unprecedented-sanctions-on-russia-as-leaders-meet-1.4811001) "EU to impose unprecedented sanctions on Russia as leaders meet" ; The Irish Times ]; 24 February 2022  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Breeden, Aurelien; Troianovski, Anton (3 March 2022). (https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/03/world/europe/putin-macron-call.html) "A Putin-Macron call leaves France persuaded that Russia wants 'control of all of Ukraine" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times) (The New York Times) The New York Times  . Retrieved 20 March 2023 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+Putin-Macron+call+leaves+France+persuaded+that+Russia+wants+%27control+of+all+of+Ukraine&rft.date=2022-03-03&rft.aulast=Breeden&rft.aufirst=Aurelien&rft.au=Troianovski%2C+Anton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2022%2F03%2F03%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fputin-macron-call.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.timesofisrael.com/after-putin-highlights-russias-nukes-france-retorts-nato-is-a-nuclear-alliance/) "After Putin highlights Russia's nukes, France retorts: NATO is a nuclear alliance" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times_of_Israel) (The Times of Israel) The Times of Israel  . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agence_France-Presse) (Agence France-Presse) Agence France-Presse . 25 February 2022. Retrieved 20 April 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=After+Putin+highlights+Russia%27s+nukes%2C+France+retorts%3A+NATO+is+a+nuclear+alliance&rft.date=2022-02-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fafter-putin-highlights-russias-nukes-france-retorts-nato-is-a-nuclear-alliance%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Gillies, Rob (5 March 2025). (https://apnews.com/article/trudeau-trump-canada-tariffs-us-5d5ef8bd41c4567926d543a9526b2e84) "Trudeau slams Trump for starting a trade war with Canada while appeasing Putin" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated_Press_News) (Associated Press News) Associated Press News  . (https://web.archive.org/web/20250307072935/https://apnews.com/article/trudeau-trump-canada-tariffs-us-5d5ef8bd41c4567926d543a9526b2e84) Archived from the original on 7 March 2025. Retrieved 7 March 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press+News&rft.atitle=Trudeau+slams+Trump+for+starting+a+trade+war+with+Canada+while+appeasing+Putin&rft.date=2025-03-05&rft.aulast=Gillies&rft.aufirst=Rob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Ftrudeau-trump-canada-tariffs-us-5d5ef8bd41c4567926d543a9526b2e84&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Merrick, Rob (24 February 2022). (https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/boris-johnson-putin-russia-speech-ukraine-war-b2022309.html) "Boris Johnson brands Putin 'dictator' and vows to end 'hideous and barbaric' Ukrainian war" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Independent) (The Independent) The Independent  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Boris+Johnson+brands+Putin+%27dictator%27+and+vows+to+end+%27hideous+and+barbaric%27+Ukrainian+war&rft.date=2022-02-24&rft.aulast=Merrick&rft.aufirst=Rob&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk%2Fpolitics%2Fboris-johnson-putin-russia-speech-ukraine-war-b2022309.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Hirsh_(journalist)) (Michael Hirsh (journalist)) Hirsch, Michael (12 March 2022). (https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/03/12/putins-thousand-year-war/) "Putin's Thousand-Year War" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_Policy) (Foreign Policy) Foreign Policy  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Policy&rft.atitle=Putin%27s+Thousand-Year+War&rft.date=2022-03-12&rft.aulast=Hirsch&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforeignpolicy.com%2F2022%2F03%2F12%2Fputins-thousand-year-war%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.dw.com/en/the-cocktail-of-ideologies-behind-vladimir-putin/a-61242466) "The cocktail of ideologies behind Vladimir Putin" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Welle) (Deutsche Welle) Deutsche Welle  . 24 March 2022. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Welle&rft.atitle=The+cocktail+of+ideologies+behind+Vladimir+Putin&rft.date=2022-03-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fthe-cocktail-of-ideologies-behind-vladimir-putin%2Fa-61242466&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Burbank, Jane (22 March 2022). (https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/22/opinion/russia-ukraine-putin-eurasianism.html) "The Grand Theory Driving Putin to War" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times) (The New York Times) The New York Times  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Grand+Theory+Driving+Putin+to+War&rft.date=2022-03-22&rft.aulast=Burbank&rft.aufirst=Jane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2022%2F03%2F22%2Fopinion%2Frussia-ukraine-putin-eurasianism.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Foer, Franklin (8 March 2025). (https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2025/03/putin-russia-won/681959/) "Putin Won" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Atlantic) (The Atlantic) The Atlantic  . Retrieved 8 March 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=Putin+Won&rft.date=2025-03-08&rft.aulast=Foer&rft.aufirst=Franklin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fideas%2Farchive%2F2025%2F03%2Fputin-russia-won%2F681959%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://meduza.io/en/feature/2024/03/21/putin-2024) "Putin 2024: Meduza breaks down the evidence pointing to the most fraudulent elections in modern Russian history" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meduza_(website)) (Meduza (website)) Meduza  . 20 March 2024. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Meduza&rft.atitle=Putin+2024%3A+Meduza+breaks+down+the+evidence+pointing+to+the+most+fraudulent+elections+in+modern+Russian+history&rft.date=2024-03-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmeduza.io%2Fen%2Ffeature%2F2024%2F03%2F21%2Fputin-2024&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20240320-shpilkin-method-statistical-analysis-gauges-voter-fraud-in-putin-landslide) " 'Shpilkin method': Statistical tool gauges voter fraud in Putin landslide" . France 24 . 20 March 2024. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=%27Shpilkin+method%27%3A+Statistical+tool+gauges+voter+fraud+in+Putin+landslide&rft.date=2024-03-20&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2Feurope%2F20240320-shpilkin-method-statistical-analysis-gauges-voter-fraud-in-putin-landslide&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-occupied-election-voting-arrests-eb0b0d872cf55e561dc221bbc53d63d4) "Ukrainians living under Russian occupation are coerced to vote for Putin" . Associated Press . 14 March 2024. (https://web.archive.org/web/20240314171133/https://apnews.com/article/russia-ukraine-occupied-election-voting-arrests-eb0b0d872cf55e561dc221bbc53d63d4) Archived from the original on 14 March 2024. Retrieved 14 March 2024 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Revealed%3A+the+%242bn+offshore+trail+that+leads+to+Vladimir+Putin&rft.date=2016-04-03&rft.aulast=Harding&rft.aufirst=Luke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fnews%2F2016%2Fapr%2F03%2Fpanama-papers-money-hidden-offshore&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (http://panamapapers.sueddeutsche.de/articles/56fe71aaa1bb8d3c3495ac71/) Der Zirkel der Macht von Vladimir Putin , Süddeutsche Zeitung  ↑   (http://panamapapers.sueddeutsche.de/articles/56eff9f22f17ab0f205e636a/) Wladimir Putin und seine Freunde , Süddeutsche Zeitung  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://panamapapers.icij.org/20160403-putin-russia-offshore-network.html) "All Putin's Men: Secret Records Reveal Money Network Tied to Russian Leader" . panamapapers.icij.org . 3 April 2016. Retrieved 4 April 2016 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Panama+Papers%3A+Putin+associates+linked+to+%27money+laundering%27&rft.date=2016-04-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-35918845&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Galeotti, Mark (4 April 2016). (https://www.vox.com/2016/4/4/11360212/panama-papers-russia-putin) "The Panama Papers show how corruption really works in Russia" . Vox Business and Finance. Retrieved 8 April 2016 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Panama+Papers+show+how+corruption+really+works+in+Russia&rft.pub=Vox+Business+and+Finance&rft.date=2016-04-04&rft.aulast=Galeotti&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vox.com%2F2016%2F4%2F4%2F11360212%2Fpanama-papers-russia-putin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Harding, Luke (3 April 2016). (https://www.theguardian.com/news/2016/apr/03/sergei-roldugin-the-cellist-who-holds-the-key-to-tracing-putins-hidden-fortune) "Sergei Roldugin, the cellist who holds the key to tracing Putin's hidden fortune" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian) (The Guardian) The Guardian  . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)) (ISSN (identifier)) ISSN  (https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077) 0261-3077 . Retrieved 16 October 2020 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Sergei+Roldugin%2C+the+cellist+who+holds+the+key+to+tracing+Putin%27s+hidden+fortune&rft.date=2016-04-03&rft.issn=0261-3077&rft.aulast=Harding&rft.aufirst=Luke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fnews%2F2016%2Fapr%2F03%2Fsergei-roldugin-the-cellist-who-holds-the-key-to-tracing-putins-hidden-fortune&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Kasparov, Garry. (https://web.archive.org/web/20250401161517/https://cis.mit.edu/events/transcripts/starr-forum-trump-putin-phenomenon) "Starr Forum: The Trump-Putin Phenomenon" . MIT Center for International Studies . Archived from (https://cis.mit.edu/events/transcripts/starr-forum-trump-putin-phenomenon) the original on 1 April 2025. Retrieved 8 March 2021 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MIT+Center+for+International+Studies&rft.atitle=Starr+Forum%3A+The+Trump-Putin+Phenomenon&rft.aulast=Kasparov&rft.aufirst=Garry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcis.mit.edu%2Fevents%2Ftranscripts%2Fstarr-forum-trump-putin-phenomenon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Solovyova, Olga (5 March 2012). (https://themoscowtimes.com/articles/leaders-not-swapping-residences-13069) "Russian Leaders Not Swapping Residences" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Moscow_Times) (The Moscow Times) The Moscow Times  . Retrieved 22 March 2017 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Moscow+Times&rft.atitle=Russian+Leaders+Not+Swapping+Residences&rft.date=2012-03-05&rft.aulast=Solovyova&rft.aufirst=Olga&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthemoscowtimes.com%2Farticles%2Fleaders-not-swapping-residences-13069&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://www.kommersant.ru/doc/1576415) "Тайна за семью заборами" . Kommersant.ru. 31 January 2011. Retrieved 22 June 2013 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B7%D0%B0+%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8C%D1%8E+%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8&rft.pub=Kommersant.ru&rft.date=2011-01-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kommersant.ru%2Fdoc%2F1576415&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Elder, Miriam (28 August 2012). (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/aug/28/vladimir-putin-palaces-planes-toilet) "Vladimir Putin 'Galley Slave' Lifestyle: Palaces, Planes and a $75,000 Toilet" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian) (The Guardian) The Guardian  . London. Retrieved 28 August 2012 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Vladimir+Putin+%27Galley+Slave%27+Lifestyle%3A+Palaces%2C+Planes+and+a+%2475%2C000+Toilet&rft.date=2012-08-28&rft.aulast=Elder&rft.aufirst=Miriam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2012%2Faug%2F28%2Fvladimir-putin-palaces-planes-toilet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2013/02/how-the-1980s-explains-vladimir-putin/273135/#) How the 1980s Explains Vladimir Putin. The Ozero group.  By Fiona Hill & Clifford G. Gaddy, The Atlantic , 14 February 2013.  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Foreign, Our (3 March 2011). (Paid subscription required) (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/russia/8359527/Putin-palace-sells-for-350-million.html) " 'Putin Palace' Sells for US$350 Million"  . The Daily Telegraph . London. (https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/russia/8359527/Putin-palace-sells-for-350-million.html) Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 5 May 2012 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=%27Putin+Palace%27+Sells+for+US%24350+Million&rft.date=2011-03-03&rft.aulast=Foreign&rft.aufirst=Our&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Feurope%2Frussia%2F8359527%2FPutin-palace-sells-for-350-million.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)     ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-17730959) "Putin's Palace? A Mystery Black Sea Mansion Fit for a Tsar" . BBC. 4 May 2012. Retrieved 4 May 2012 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Putin%27s+Palace%3F+A+Mystery+Black+Sea+Mansion+Fit+for+a+Tsar&rft.date=2012-05-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fmagazine-17730959&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Russia: Russia president Vladimir Putin rule: achievements, problems and future strategies . Washington, DC: International Business Publications. 2014. p. 85. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4330-6774-7) (Special:BookSources/978-1-4330-6774-7) 978-1-4330-6774-7  . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) (OCLC (identifier)) OCLC  (https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/956347599) 956347599 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Russia%3A+Russia+president+Vladimir+Putin+rule%3A+achievements%2C+problems+and+future+strategies&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pages=85&rft.pub=International+Business+Publications&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F956347599&rft.isbn=978-1-4330-6774-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2021/01/19/navalny-targets-billion-dollar-putin-palace-in-investigation-released-after-jailing-a72661) "Navalny Targets 'Billion-Dollar Putin Palace' in New Investigation" . Moscow Times . 19 January 2021. (https://web.archive.org/web/20210119160300/https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2021/01/19/navalny-targets-billion-dollar-putin-palace-in-investigation-released-after-jailing-a72661) Archived from the original on 19 January 2021. Retrieved 19 January 2021 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Moscow+Times&rft.atitle=Navalny+Targets+%27Billion-Dollar+Putin+Palace%27+in+New+Investigation&rft.date=2021-01-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.themoscowtimes.com%2F2021%2F01%2F19%2Fnavalny-targets-billion-dollar-putin-palace-in-investigation-released-after-jailing-a72661&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://meduza.io/feature/2021/01/19/fbk-opublikoval-ogromnoe-rassledovanie-o-dvortse-putina-v-gelendzhike-vot-glavnoe-iz-dvuhchasovogo-filma-o-stroitelstve-tsenoy-v-100-milliardov) "ФБК опубликовал огромное расследование о 'дворце Путина' в Геленджике. Вот главное из двухчасового фильма о строительстве ценой в 100 миллиардов" . Meduza.io . 19 January 2021. (https://web.archive.org/web/20210119162405/https://meduza.io/feature/2021/01/19/fbk-opublikoval-ogromnoe-rassledovanie-o-dvortse-putina-v-gelendzhike-vot-glavnoe-iz-dvuhchasovogo-filma-o-stroitelstve-tsenoy-v-100-milliardov) Archived from the original on 19 January 2021. Retrieved 19 January 2021 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Meduza.io&rft.atitle=%D0%A4%D0%91%D0%9A+%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB+%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%BE+%27%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B5+%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%27+%D0%B2+%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5.+%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%82+%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D0%B8%D0%B7+%D0%B4%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%85%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D0%B0+%D0%BE+%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5+%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D0%B2+100+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.date=2021-01-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmeduza.io%2Ffeature%2F2021%2F01%2F19%2Ffbk-opublikoval-ogromnoe-rassledovanie-o-dvortse-putina-v-gelendzhike-vot-glavnoe-iz-dvuhchasovogo-filma-o-stroitelstve-tsenoy-v-100-milliardov&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://tvrain.ru/news/fbk_opublikoval_rassledovanie_o_dvortse_putina_razmerom_s_39_knjazhestv_monako-522873/) "ФБК опубликовал расследование о 'дворце Путина' размером с 39 княжеств Монако" . tvrain.ru . 19 January 2021. (https://web.archive.org/web/20210119222256/https://tvrain.ru/news/fbk_opublikoval_rassledovanie_o_dvortse_putina_razmerom_s_39_knjazhestv_monako-522873/) Archived from the original on 19 January 2021. Retrieved 19 January 2021 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tvrain.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%A4%D0%91%D0%9A+%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB+%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%BE+%27%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%86%D0%B5+%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%27+%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D1%81+39+%D0%BA%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2+%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE&rft.date=2021-01-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftvrain.ru%2Fnews%2Ffbk_opublikoval_rassledovanie_o_dvortse_putina_razmerom_s_39_knjazhestv_monako-522873%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://meduza.io/en/feature/2023/02/13/that-extra-heavy-load) "That extra-heavy load Instead of flying, Vladimir Putin prefers to travel around Russia by armored train (allegedly for fear of Ukrainian attack)" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meduza_(website)) (Meduza (website)) Meduza  . 13 February 2023. Retrieved 17 February 2023 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Meduza&rft.atitle=That+extra-heavy+load+Instead+of+flying%2C+Vladimir+Putin+prefers+to+travel+around+Russia+by+armored+train+%28allegedly+for+fear+of+Ukrainian+attack%29&rft.date=2023-02-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmeduza.io%2Fen%2Ffeature%2F2023%2F02%2F13%2Fthat-extra-heavy-load&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://aif.ru/dontknows/file/skolko_sobak_u_putina) "Сколько собак у Путина?" [ How many dogs does Putin have?] . aif.ru (in Russian). 23 October 2017. (https://web.archive.org/web/20171023134519/https://aif.ru/dontknows/file/skolko_sobak_u_putina) Archived from the original on 23 October 2017. Retrieved 9 October 2021 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=aif.ru&rft.atitle=%D0%A1%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE+%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BA+%D1%83+%D0%9F%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%3F&rft.date=2017-10-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faif.ru%2Fdontknows%2Ffile%2Fskolko_sobak_u_putina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)  (./Category:CS1_Russian-language_sources_(ru))    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timothy_Colton) (Timothy Colton) Timothy J. Colton ; Michael MacFaul (2003). (Free registration required) (https://archive.org/details/popularchoiceman00colt) Popular Choice and Managed Democracy: the Russian elections of 1999 and 2000   . Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution. p. (./Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_February_2022)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) (Wikipedia:Citing sources) (This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (February 2022)) page needed   ]  . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8157-1535-1) (Special:BookSources/978-0-8157-1535-1) 978-0-8157-1535-1  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Popular+Choice+and+Managed+Democracy%3A+the+Russian+elections+of+1999+and+2000&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pages=Category%3AWikipedia+articles+needing+page+number+citations+from+February+2022%26%2391%3BWikipedia%3ACiting+sources%7Cpage-needed%26%2393%3B&rft.pub=The+Brookings+Institution&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-8157-1535-1&rft.au=Timothy+J.+Colton&rft.au=Michael+MacFaul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpopularchoiceman00colt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (https://web.archive.org/web/20071221190115/http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/personoftheyear/article/0,28804,1690753_1690757_1695787-3,00.html) Putin Q&A: Full Transcript (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_(magazine)) (Time (magazine)) Time  . Retrieved 22 March 2008.  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/f2fcba3e-65be-11e2-a3db-00144feab49a.html) "Putin and the monk" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FT_Magazine) (FT Magazine) FT Magazine  . 25 January 2013. Archived from (Paid subscription required) (https://www.ft.com/content/f2fcba3e-65be-11e2-a3db-00144feab49a) the original  on 10 December 2022. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=FT+Magazine&rft.atitle=Putin+and+the+monk&rft.date=2013-01-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2Ff2fcba3e-65be-11e2-a3db-00144feab49a&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.economist.com/books-and-arts/2020/04/25/the-enduring-grip-of-the-men-and-mindset-of-the-kgb) "The enduring grip of the men –  and mindset –  of the KGB" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Economist) (The Economist) The Economist  . 25 April 2020. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=The+enduring+grip+of+the+men+%26ndash%3B%26%2332%3Band+mindset+%26ndash%3B%26%2332%3Bof+the+KGB&rft.date=2020-04-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fbooks-and-arts%2F2020%2F04%2F25%2Fthe-enduring-grip-of-the-men-and-mindset-of-the-kgb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20110326175209/http://www.b92.net/eng/news/politics-article.php?yyyy=2011&mm=03&dd=22&nav_id=73361) "Putin to talk pipeline, attend football game" . B92 . 22 March 2011. Archived from (http://www.b92.net/eng/news/politics-article.php?yyyy=2011&mm=03&dd=22&nav_id=73361) the original on 26 March 2011. Retrieved 22 March 2011 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=B92&rft.atitle=Putin+to+talk+pipeline%2C+attend+football+game&rft.date=2011-03-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.b92.net%2Feng%2Fnews%2Fpolitics-article.php%3Fyyyy%3D2011%26mm%3D03%26dd%3D22%26nav_id%3D73361&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.thelocal.se/20160229/bandy-how-swedens-little-known-sport-is-winning-converts) "Bandy, how little known sport is winning converts" . The Local . 29 February 2016. Retrieved 9 October 2017 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Local&rft.atitle=Bandy%2C+how+little+known+sport+is+winning+converts&rft.date=2016-02-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thelocal.se%2F20160229%2Fbandy-how-swedens-little-known-sport-is-winning-converts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-sports/vladimir-putin-scores-seven-goals-in-epic-hockey-game-57500/) "Vladimir Putin Scores Seven Goals in Epic Hockey Game" . Rolling Stone . 9 October 2015. Retrieved 7 February 2022 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Rolling+Stone&rft.atitle=Vladimir+Putin+Scores+Seven+Goals+in+Epic+Hockey+Game&rft.date=2015-10-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rollingstone.com%2Fculture%2Fculture-sports%2Fvladimir-putin-scores-seven-goals-in-epic-hockey-game-57500%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://eng.putin.kremlin.ru/interests) "Kremlin Biography of President Vladimir Putin" . putin.kremlin.ru . Retrieved 23 May 2017 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=putin.kremlin.ru&rft.atitle=Kremlin+Biography+of+President+Vladimir+Putin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Feng.putin.kremlin.ru%2Finterests&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://legacy.npr.org/news/specials/putin/nprinterview.html) "NPR News: Vladimir Putin: Transcript of Robert Siegel Interview" . legacy.npr.org . 15 November 2001. Retrieved 19 October 2020 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=legacy.npr.org&rft.atitle=NPR+News%3A+Vladimir+Putin%3A+Transcript+of+Robert+Siegel+Interview&rft.date=2001-11-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flegacy.npr.org%2Fnews%2Fspecials%2Fputin%2Fnprinterview.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.reuters.com/article/us-judo-russia-putin-idUSBRE8991F120121010) "Putin awarded eighth dan by international body" . Reuters . 10 October 2012. Retrieved 19 October 2020 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Putin+awarded+eighth+dan+by+international+body&rft.date=2012-10-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-judo-russia-putin-idUSBRE8991F120121010&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.cnn.com/2014/11/21/world/europe/putin-karate-black-belt/index.html) "Putin becomes eighth-degree karate black belt" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNN) (CNN) CNN  . 21 November 2014. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNN&rft.atitle=Putin+becomes+eighth-degree+karate+black+belt&rft.date=2014-11-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2014%2F11%2F21%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fputin-karate-black-belt%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Putin, Vladimir; Vasily Shestakov; Alexey Levitsky (2004). Judo: History, Theory, Practice . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Snake_Books) (Blue Snake Books) Blue Snake Books . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55643-445-7) (Special:BookSources/978-1-55643-445-7) 978-1-55643-445-7  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Judo%3A+History%2C+Theory%2C+Practice&rft.pub=Blue+Snake+Books&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-55643-445-7&rft.aulast=Putin&rft.aufirst=Vladimir&rft.au=Vasily+Shestakov&rft.au=Alexey+Levitsky&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)  (./Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_February_2022)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources) (Wikipedia:Citing sources) (This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (February 2022)) page needed   ]    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Hawkins, Derek (18 July 2017). (https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2017/07/18/is-vladimir-putin-a-judo-fraud/) "Is Vladimir Putin a judo fraud?" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post) (The Washington Post) The Washington Post  . Retrieved 18 July 2017 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Is+Vladimir+Putin+a+judo+fraud%3F&rft.date=2017-07-18&rft.aulast=Hawkins&rft.aufirst=Derek&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fmorning-mix%2Fwp%2F2017%2F07%2F18%2Fis-vladimir-putin-a-judo-fraud%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Wittes, Benjamin (21 October 2015). (https://www.lawfaremedia.org/ill-fight-putin-any-time-any-place-he-cant-have-me-arrested) "I'll Fight Putin Any Time, Any Place He Can't Have Me Arrested" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawfare_(website)) (Lawfare (website)) Lawfare  . Retrieved 18 July 2017 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lawfare&rft.atitle=I%27ll+Fight+Putin+Any+Time%2C+Any+Place+He+Can%27t+Have+Me+Arrested&rft.date=2015-10-21&rft.aulast=Wittes&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lawfaremedia.org%2Fill-fight-putin-any-time-any-place-he-cant-have-me-arrested&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.cbsnews.com/news/international-judo-federation-strips-titles-vladimir-putin-russia-ukraine-invasion/) "International Judo Federation strips titles from Vladimir Putin and Russian oligarch" . CBS News. 7 March 2022. Retrieved 16 March 2023 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=International+Judo+Federation+strips+titles+from+Vladimir+Putin+and+Russian+oligarch&rft.pub=CBS+News&rft.date=2022-03-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Finternational-judo-federation-strips-titles-vladimir-putin-russia-ukraine-invasion%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Corera, Gordon; Wright, George (21 July 2022). (https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-62246914) "Ukraine war: CIA chief says no intelligence that Putin is in bad health" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC_News) (BBC News) BBC News  . Retrieved 22 July 2022 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Ukraine+war%3A+CIA+chief+says+no+intelligence+that+Putin+is+in+bad+health&rft.date=2022-07-21&rft.aulast=Corera&rft.aufirst=Gordon&rft.au=Wright%2C+George&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-62246914&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://meduza.io/en/shapito/2018/09/06/putin-has-a-special-sensory-room-at-his-presidential-residence-to-relax-and-stave-off-depression) "Putin has a special 'sensory room' at his presidential residence to relax and stave off depression" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meduza_(website)) (Meduza (website)) Meduza  . 6 September 2018. Retrieved 1 May 2022 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Meduza&rft.atitle=Putin+has+a+special+%27sensory+room%27+at+his+presidential+residence+to+relax+and+stave+off+depression&rft.date=2018-09-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmeduza.io%2Fen%2Fshapito%2F2018%2F09%2F06%2Fputin-has-a-special-sensory-room-at-his-presidential-residence-to-relax-and-stave-off-depression&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/russia-ukraine-putin-mental-health-b2024503.html) "White House, senators and generals question Putin's mental health after two years of pandemic isolation" . The Independent . 28 February 2022. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=White+House%2C+senators+and+generals+question+Putin%27s+mental+health+after+two+years+of+pandemic+isolation&rft.date=2022-02-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Famericas%2Fus-politics%2Frussia-ukraine-putin-mental-health-b2024503.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.cnbc.com/2022/03/02/putins-obsession-with-ukraine-has-made-analysts-question-his-rationality.html) "Putin's obsession with Ukraine has made analysts question his rationality" . CNBC. 28 February 2022. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Putin%27s+obsession+with+Ukraine+has+made+analysts+question+his+rationality&rft.date=2022-02-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnbc.com%2F2022%2F03%2F02%2Fputins-obsession-with-ukraine-has-made-analysts-question-his-rationality.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2022/03/putins-war-looks-increasingly-insane.html) "Putin's War Looks Increasingly Insane" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_(magazine)) (New York (magazine)) New York  . 4 March 2022. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York&rft.atitle=Putin%27s+War+Looks+Increasingly+Insane&rft.date=2022-03-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnymag.com%2Fintelligencer%2F2022%2F03%2Fputins-war-looks-increasingly-insane.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.dw.com/en/kremlin-slams-reports-of-putin-resignation-as-complete-nonsense/a-55520403) "Kremlin slams reports of Putin resignation as 'complete nonsense' " . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Welle) (Deutsche Welle) Deutsche Welle  . 6 November 2020. Retrieved 1 May 2022 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Welle&rft.atitle=Kremlin+slams+reports+of+Putin+resignation+as+%27complete+nonsense%27&rft.date=2020-11-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fkremlin-slams-reports-of-putin-resignation-as-complete-nonsense%2Fa-55520403&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Sabin, Lamiat (22 April 2022). (https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/vladimir-putin-health-holding-table-russia-b2063102.html) "Video of Vladimir Putin gripping table in meeting sparks concerns about his health" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Independent) (The Independent) The Independent  . Retrieved 1 May 2022 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Video+of+Vladimir+Putin+gripping+table+in+meeting+sparks+concerns+about+his+health&rft.date=2022-04-22&rft.aulast=Sabin&rft.aufirst=Lamiat&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fvladimir-putin-health-holding-table-russia-b2063102.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    1  2  3   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Roth, Clare (28 March 2022). (https://www.dw.com/en/putin-and-parkinsons-what-do-experts-say/a-61597476) "Putin and Parkinson's: What do experts say?" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutsche_Welle) (Deutsche Welle) Deutsche Welle  . Retrieved 1 May 2022 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Welle&rft.atitle=Putin+and+Parkinson%27s%3A+What+do+experts+say%3F&rft.date=2022-03-28&rft.aulast=Roth&rft.aufirst=Clare&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fen%2Fputin-and-parkinsons-what-do-experts-say%2Fa-61597476&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.cnn.com/2022/03/01/sport/vladimir-putin-ukraine-sporting-titles-spt-intl/index.html) "Vladimir Putin is being stripped of his honorary sporting titles amid Ukraine invasion" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNN) (CNN) CNN . 1 March 2022. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Vladimir+Putin+is+being+stripped+of+his+honorary+sporting+titles+amid+Ukraine+invasion&rft.date=2022-03-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnn.com%2F2022%2F03%2F01%2Fsport%2Fvladimir-putin-ukraine-sporting-titles-spt-intl%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)      Sources  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   See also: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibliography_of_the_post-Stalinist_Soviet_Union) (Bibliography of the post-Stalinist Soviet Union) Bibliography of the post-Stalinist Soviet Union  Vladimir Putin and Russian Statecraft by Allen C. Lynch. Potamac Books. 1 September 2011. Russia Under Putin: Russia Under Putin: Fragile State and Revisionist Power by Andrew S. Natsios. Johns Hopkins University Press. 8 July 2025 Putin's Russia: The Definitive Account of Putin's Rise to Power by Anna Politkovskaya. Harvill Press. 1 January 2004 (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Sakwa, Richard (2008). Putin: Russia's choice . London; New York: Routledge. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-203-93193-6) (Special:BookSources/978-0-203-93193-6) 978-0-203-93193-6  . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)) (OCLC (identifier)) OCLC  (https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/183404357) 183404357 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Putin%3A+Russia%27s+choice&rft.place=London%3B+New+York&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F183404357&rft.isbn=978-0-203-93193-6&rft.aulast=Sakwa&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVladimir+Putin)      External links  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1358620234)   External videos  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg) (video icon)    (https://www.c-span.org/video/?304877-1/the-man-face-rise-vladimir-putin) Presentation by Masha Gessen on The Man Without a Face: The Unlikely Rise of Vladimir Putin  , 8 March 2012, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-SPAN) (C-SPAN) C-SPAN     (https://web.archive.org/web/20250729171810/http://en.putin.kremlin.ru/bio/page-0) Official Personal Website via (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kremlin.ru) (Kremlin.ru) Kremlin.ru  (https://www.c-span.org/person/?80574) Appearances on  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C-SPAN) (C-SPAN) C-SPAN (./Category:People_appearing_on_C-SPAN)    Government offices  Preceded by(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolay_Kovalyov_(politician)) (Nikolay Kovalyov (politician)) Nikolay Kovalyov   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Security_Service_(Russia)) (Federal Security Service (Russia)) Director of the Federal Security Service   1998–1999 Succeeded by(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai_Patrushev) (Nikolai Patrushev) Nikolai Patrushev    Preceded by(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolay_Bordyuzha) (Nikolay Bordyuzha) Nikolay Bordyuzha   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretary_of_the_Security_Council_of_Russia) (Secretary of the Security Council of Russia) Secretary of the Security Council   1999 Succeeded by(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei_Ivanov) (Sergei Ivanov) Sergei Ivanov    Preceded by(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexei_Kudrin) (Alexei Kudrin) Alexei Kudrin   Deputy Chief of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_Administration_of_Russia) (Presidential Administration of Russia) Presidential Administration — Head of the Main Supervisory   1997–1998 Succeeded by(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai_Patrushev) (Nikolai Patrushev) Nikolai Patrushev    Political offices   Preceded by(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei_Stepashin) (Sergei Stepashin) Sergei Stepashin   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Russia) (Prime Minister of Russia) Prime Minister of Russia   1999–2000 Succeeded by(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Kasyanov) (Mikhail Kasyanov) Mikhail Kasyanov    Preceded by(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Yeltsin) (Boris Yeltsin) Boris Yeltsin   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Russia) (President of Russia) President of Russia   2000–2008 Succeeded by(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev) (Dmitry Medvedev) Dmitry Medvedev    Preceded by(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Zubkov) (Viktor Zubkov) Viktor Zubkov   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Russia) (Prime Minister of Russia) Prime Minister of Russia   2008–2012 Succeeded by(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev) (Dmitry Medvedev) Dmitry Medvedev    Preceded by(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev) (Dmitry Medvedev) Dmitry Medvedev   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Russia) (President of Russia) President of Russia   2012–present Incumbent   Diplomatic posts   Preceded by(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Blair) (Tony Blair) Tony Blair   Chairman of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_of_8) (Group of 8) Group of 8   2006 Succeeded by(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angela_Merkel) (Angela Merkel) Angela Merkel    Preceded by(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barack_Obama) (Barack Obama) Barack Obama   Chairman of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation) (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) APEC   2012 Succeeded by(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susilo_Bambang_Yudhoyono) (Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono) Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono    Preceded by(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Felipe_Calderón) (Felipe Calderón) Felipe Calderón   Chairman of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G20) (G20) Group of 20   2013 Succeeded by(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony_Abbott) (Tony Abbott) Tony Abbott    Preceded by(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Zubkov) (Viktor Zubkov) Viktor Zubkov   Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_State) (Union State) Union State   2008–2012 Succeeded by(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev) (Dmitry Medvedev) Dmitry Medvedev    Party political offices   Preceded by(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Gryzlov) (Boris Gryzlov) Boris Gryzlov   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Russia) (United Russia) Leader of United Russia   2008–2012 Succeeded by(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev) (Dmitry Medvedev) Dmitry Medvedev    Preceded byOffice established  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-Russia_People's_Front) (All-Russia People's Front) Leader of All-Russia People's Front   2013–present Incumbent     (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)    (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Vladimir_Putin) (Template:Vladimir Putin) (View this template) v   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Vladimir_Putin) (Template talk:Vladimir Putin) (Discuss this template) t   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Vladimir_Putin) (Special:EditPage/Template:Vladimir Putin) (Edit this template) e     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) Vladimir Putin    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_Russia) (List of presidents of Russia) 2nd and 4th (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Russia) (President of Russia) President of Russia (2000–2008; 2012–present) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_heads_of_government_of_Russia) (List of heads of government of Russia) 33rd (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Russia) (Prime Minister of Russia) Prime Minister of Russia (1999–2000; 2008–2012)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia_under_Vladimir_Putin) (Russia under Vladimir Putin) Presidency  Inaugurations (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Vladimir_Putin) (First inauguration of Vladimir Putin) first  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Vladimir_Putin) (Second inauguration of Vladimir Putin) second  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_inauguration_of_Vladimir_Putin) (Third inauguration of Vladimir Putin) third  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_inauguration_of_Vladimir_Putin) (Fourth inauguration of Vladimir Putin) fourth  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifth_inauguration_of_Vladimir_Putin) (Fifth inauguration of Vladimir Putin) fifth    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Vladimir_Putin_legislation_and_programs) (List of Vladimir Putin legislation and programs) Legislation and programs (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_champions) (National champions) National champions  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Priority_Projects) (National Priority Projects) priority projects  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stabilization_Fund_of_the_Russian_Federation) (Stabilization Fund of the Russian Federation) stabilization fund  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putin's_Plan) (Putin's Plan) Putin's Plan    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_Vladimir_Putin) (Foreign policy of Vladimir Putin) Foreign policy  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Vladimir_Putin) (List of international presidential trips made by Vladimir Putin) International trips United States summits (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovenia_Summit_2001) (Slovenia Summit 2001) Slovenia 2001  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovakia_Summit_2005) (Slovakia Summit 2005) Slovakia 2005  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Russia–United_States_Summit) (2018 Russia–United States Summit) Helsinki 2018  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Russia–United_States_Summit) (2021 Russia–United States Summit) Geneva 2021  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Russia–United_States_Summit) (2025 Russia–United States Summit) Alaska 2025  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Budapest_Summit) (2025 Budapest Summit) Budapest 2025    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim–Putin_meetings) (Kim–Putin meetings) Kim–Putin meetings (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_visit_by_Kim_Jong_Un_to_Russia) (2019 visit by Kim Jong Un to Russia) 2019  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_visit_by_Kim_Jong_Un_to_Russia) (2023 visit by Kim Jong Un to Russia) 2023  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_visit_by_Vladimir_Putin_to_North_Korea) (2024 visit by Vladimir Putin to North Korea) 2024    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_visit_by_Vladimir_Putin_to_the_United_Kingdom) (State visit by Vladimir Putin to the United Kingdom) 2003 United Kingdom state visit  China summits (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_visit_by_Xi_Jinping_to_Russia) (2023 visit by Xi Jinping to Russia) 2023  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_visit_by_Vladimir_Putin_to_China) (2024 visit by Vladimir Putin to China) 2024  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_state_visit_by_Xi_Jinping_to_Russia) (2025 state visit by Xi Jinping to Russia) 2025  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_visit_by_Vladimir_Putin_to_China) (2026 visit by Vladimir Putin to China) 2026      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTV_affair) (NTV affair) NTV affair  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strategic_Offensive_Reductions_Treaty) (Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty) Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia_in_the_European_energy_sector) (Russia in the European energy sector) European energy sector (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia–Ukraine_gas_disputes) (Russia–Ukraine gas disputes) Russia–Ukraine gas disputes    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_financial_crisis_(2014–2016)) (Russian financial crisis (2014–2016)) 2014–2016 financial crisis  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_involvement_in_the_Syrian_civil_war) (Russian involvement in the Syrian civil war) Syrian civil war (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war) (Russian intervention in the Syrian civil war) military intervention    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War) (Russo-Ukrainian War) Russo-Ukrainian War (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation) (Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation) 2014 annexation of Crimea  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crimean_consensus) (Crimean consensus) Crimean consensus  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_in_Donbas) (War in Donbas) War in Donbas  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prelude_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) (Prelude to the Russian invasion of Ukraine) Prelude to the Russian invasion of Ukraine  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_ultimatum_to_NATO) (Russian ultimatum to NATO) December 2021 ultimatum  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Address_concerning_the_events_in_Ukraine) (Address concerning the events in Ukraine) Donetsk and Luhansk 2022  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_conducting_a_special_military_operation) (On conducting a special military operation) Ukraine 2022  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) (2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine) 2022 invasion  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Russian_mobilization) (2022 Russian mobilization) 2022 mobilization  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annexation_of_Southern_and_Eastern_Ukraine) (Annexation of Southern and Eastern Ukraine) 2022 annexations in Ukraine  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICC_arrest_warrants_for_Vladimir_Putin_and_Maria_Lvova-Belova) (ICC arrest warrants for Vladimir Putin and Maria Lvova-Belova) Arrest warrant  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wagner_Group_rebellion) (Wagner Group rebellion) Wagner Group rebellion    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Ankara_prisoner_exchange) (2024 Ankara prisoner exchange) 2024 Ankara prisoner exchange  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_speeches_given_by_Vladimir_Putin) (List of speeches given by Vladimir Putin) Speeches (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_Munich_speech_of_Vladimir_Putin) (2007 Munich speech of Vladimir Putin) Munich 2007  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crimean_speech_of_Vladimir_Putin) (Crimean speech of Vladimir Putin) Crimea 2014  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Valdai_speech_of_Vladimir_Putin) (2014 Valdai speech of Vladimir Putin) Valdai 2014  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020_Presidential_Address_to_the_Federal_Assembly) (2020 Presidential Address to the Federal Assembly) Federal Assembly 2020  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putin's_invasion_of_Ukraine_speech) (Putin's invasion of Ukraine speech) Invasion of Ukraine speech  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_annexation_speech_of_Vladimir_Putin) (2022 annexation speech of Vladimir Putin) Annexation speech 2022  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Moscow_rally) (2022 Moscow rally) Moscow rally, 2022  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Moscow_rally) (2023 Moscow rally) Moscow rally, 2023    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opposition_to_Vladimir_Putin_in_Russia) (Opposition to Vladimir Putin in Russia) Opposition (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011–2013_Russian_protests) (2011–2013 Russian protests) 2011–2013 protests  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_anti-war_protests_in_Russia) (2014 anti-war protests in Russia) 2014 anti-war protests  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017–2018_Russian_protests) (2017–2018 Russian protests) 2017–2018 protests  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019_Moscow_protests) (2019 Moscow protests) 2019 Moscow election protests  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020–2021_Khabarovsk_Krai_protests) (2020–2021 Khabarovsk Krai protests) 2020–2021 Khabarovsk Krai protests  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Russian_protests) (2021 Russian protests) 2021 protests  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Russian_election_protests) (2021 Russian election protests) 2021 election protests  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_anti-war_protests_in_Russia) (2022 anti-war protests in Russia) 2022 anti-war protests  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grandpa_in_his_bunker) (Grandpa in his bunker) Grandpa in his bunker  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putin_khuylo!) (Putin khuylo!) Putin khuylo!  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putin._Corruption) (Putin. Corruption) Putin. Corruption   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putin._War) (Putin. War) Putin. War   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putinversteher) (Putinversteher) Putinversteher   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putler) (Putler) Putler    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_groups_under_Vladimir_Putin's_presidency) (Political groups under Vladimir Putin's presidency) Political groups under Vladimir Putin's presidency      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia_under_Vladimir_Putin) (Russia under Vladimir Putin) Premiership  Cabinets (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin's_First_Cabinet) (Vladimir Putin's First Cabinet) first  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin's_Second_Cabinet) (Vladimir Putin's Second Cabinet) second    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_international_prime_ministerial_trips_made_by_Vladimir_Putin) (List of international prime ministerial trips made by Vladimir Putin) International visits  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Recession_in_Russia) (Great Recession in Russia) Great Recession in Russia  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Georgian_War) (Russo-Georgian War) Russo-Georgian War  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medvedev–Putin_tandemocracy) (Medvedev–Putin tandemocracy) Medvedev–Putin tandemocracy  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putin_Must_Go) (Putin Must Go) Putin Must Go      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Vladimir_Putin) (Electoral history of Vladimir Putin) Electoral history  Presidential elections (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000_Russian_presidential_election) (2000 Russian presidential election) 2000 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin_2000_presidential_campaign) (Vladimir Putin 2000 presidential campaign) campaign    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Russian_presidential_election) (2004 Russian presidential election) 2004 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin_2004_presidential_campaign) (Vladimir Putin 2004 presidential campaign) campaign    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Russian_presidential_election) (2012 Russian presidential election) 2012 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin_2012_presidential_campaign) (Vladimir Putin 2012 presidential campaign) campaign    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Russian_presidential_election) (2018 Russian presidential election) 2018 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin_2018_presidential_campaign) (Vladimir Putin 2018 presidential campaign) campaign    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Russian_presidential_election) (2024 Russian presidential election) 2024 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin_2024_presidential_campaign) (Vladimir Putin 2024 presidential campaign) campaign          (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_of_Vladimir_Putin) (Family of Vladimir Putin) Family  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyudmila_Putina) (Lyudmila Putina) Lyudmila Putina (former wife) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Vorontsova) (Maria Vorontsova) Maria Vorontsova (daughter) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katerina_Tikhonova) (Katerina Tikhonova) Katerina Tikhonova (daughter) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pets_of_Vladimir_Putin) (Pets of Vladimir Putin) Pets (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konni_(dog)) (Konni (dog)) Konni (family dog)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiridon_Putin) (Spiridon Putin) Spiridon Putin (paternal grandfather) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor_Putin) (Igor Putin) Igor Putin (first cousin) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Putin) (Roman Putin) Roman Putin (son of first cousin) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorrit_Faassen) (Jorrit Faassen) Jorrit Faassen (former son-in-law) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirill_Shamalov) (Kirill Shamalov) Kirill Shamalov (former son-in-law) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svetlana_Krivonogikh) (Svetlana Krivonogikh) Svetlana Krivonogikh (alleged mother of another daughter) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alina_Kabaeva) (Alina Kabaeva) Alina Kabaeva (alleged mother of more Putin children) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vera_Putina) (Vera Putina) Vera Putina (alleged mother)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_image_of_Vladimir_Putin) (Public image of Vladimir Putin) Public image  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_Line_with_Vladimir_Putin) (Direct Line with Vladimir Putin) Direct Line with Vladimir Putin   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapel_of_Russia's_Resurrection) (Chapel of Russia's Resurrection) Chapel of Russia's Resurrection  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nashi_(Russian_youth_movement)) (Nashi (Russian youth movement)) Nashi   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PutinTeam) (PutinTeam) PutinTeam  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walking_Together) (Walking Together) Walking Together  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Songs_about_Vladimir_Putin) (Songs about Vladimir Putin) Songs about Vladimir Putin "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Takogo,_kak_Putin!) (Takogo, kak Putin!) A man like Putin "   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Happy_Birthday,_Mr._Putin!) (Happy Birthday, Mr. Putin!) Happy Birthday, Mr. Putin!   Interviews (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Putin_Interviews) (The Putin Interviews) Oliver Stone  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tucker_Carlson's_interview_with_Vladimir_Putin) (Tucker Carlson's interview with Vladimir Putin) Tucker Carlson    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putin:_The_New_Tsar) (Putin: The New Tsar) Putin: The New Tsar  (2018 documentary) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spitting_Image_(2020_TV_series)) (Spitting Image (2020 TV series)) Spitting Image  (2020 series) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putin's_Palace_(film)) (Putin's Palace (film)) Putin's Palace (film) (2021 documentary)     Related (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putinism) (Putinism) Putinism  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putinland) (Putinland) Putinland  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sovereign_democracy) (Sovereign democracy) Sovereign democracy  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Managed_nationalism) (Managed nationalism) Managed nationalism  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_world) (Russian world) Russian world  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Russia) (United Russia) United Russia  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-Russia_People's_Front) (All-Russia People's Front) All-Russia People's Front  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligence_career_of_Vladimir_Putin?action=edit&redlink=1) (Intelligence career of Vladimir Putin (page does not exist)) KGB Career  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alleged_doubles_of_Vladimir_Putin) (Alleged doubles of Vladimir Putin) Claims of body doubles  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claims_of_Vladimir_Putin's_incapacity_and_death) (Claims of Vladimir Putin's incapacity and death) Claims of incapacity and death  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin's_meeting_table) (Vladimir Putin's meeting table) Meeting table  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin's_language) (Vladimir Putin's language) Language  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putin's_Palace) (Putin's Palace) Putin's Palace  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin_Peak) (Vladimir Putin Peak) Vladimir Putin Peak      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev) (Dmitry Medvedev) ← Dmitry Medvedev   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Yeltsin) (Boris Yeltsin) ← Boris Yeltsin   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev) (Dmitry Medvedev) Dmitry Medvedev →   (Category) ()    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Vladimir_Putin) (Category:Vladimir Putin) Category         (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1364279517)    Related articles   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1364279517)    (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Presidents_of_the_Russian_Federation) (Template:Presidents of the Russian Federation) (View this template) v   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Presidents_of_the_Russian_Federation) (Template talk:Presidents of the Russian Federation) (Discuss this template) t   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents_of_the_Russian_Federation) (Special:EditPage/Template:Presidents of the Russian Federation) (Edit this template) e     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Russia) (President of Russia) Presidents of the Russian Federation    Presidents (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Yeltsin) (Boris Yeltsin) Boris Yeltsin ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Boris_Yeltsin) (First inauguration of Boris Yeltsin) 1991 –(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidency_of_Boris_Yeltsin#Resignation) (Presidency of Boris Yeltsin) 1999 ) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) Vladimir Putin ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Vladimir_Putin) (First inauguration of Vladimir Putin) 2000 –(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inauguration_of_Dmitry_Medvedev) (Inauguration of Dmitry Medvedev) 2008 ) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev) (Dmitry Medvedev) Dmitry Medvedev ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inauguration_of_Dmitry_Medvedev) (Inauguration of Dmitry Medvedev) 2008 –(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_inauguration_of_Vladimir_Putin) (Third inauguration of Vladimir Putin) 2012 ) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) Vladimir Putin (since (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_inauguration_of_Vladimir_Putin) (Third inauguration of Vladimir Putin) 2012 )     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acting_President_of_Russia) (Acting President of Russia) Acting Presidents  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Rutskoy) (Alexander Rutskoy) Alexander Rutskoy ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1993_Russian_constitutional_crisis) (1993 Russian constitutional crisis) 1993, disputed ) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Chernomyrdin) (Viktor Chernomyrdin) Viktor Chernomyrdin ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acting_President_of_Russia#Incapacity) (Acting President of Russia) 1996 ) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) Vladimir Putin ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acting_President_of_Russia#1999–2000) (Acting President of Russia) 1999 –(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Vladimir_Putin) (First inauguration of Vladimir Putin) 2000 )        (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1364279517)    (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Heads_of_government_of_Russia) (Template:Heads of government of Russia) (View this template) v   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Heads_of_government_of_Russia) (Template talk:Heads of government of Russia) (Discuss this template) t   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Heads_of_government_of_Russia) (Special:EditPage/Template:Heads of government of Russia) (Edit this template) e     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_heads_of_government_of_Russia) (List of heads of government of Russia) Heads of government of Russia    Note: Acting heads of government shown in italics . Questionable heads of government are written in small type .   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Empire) (Russian Empire) Russian Empire   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Committee_of_Ministers_of_the_Russian_Empire) (Committee of Ministers of the Russian Empire) Committee of Ministers  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Vorontsov) (Alexander Vorontsov) Vorontsov   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolay_Rumyantsev) (Nikolay Rumyantsev) Rumyantsev  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey_Vyazmitinov) (Sergey Vyazmitinov) Vyazmitinov   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolay_Saltykov) (Nikolay Saltykov) Saltykov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyotr_Vasilyevich_Lopukhin) (Pyotr Vasilyevich Lopukhin) Lopukhin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Kochubey) (Viktor Kochubey) Kochubey  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolay_Novosiltsev) (Nikolay Novosiltsev) Novosiltsev  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Chernyshyov) (Alexander Chernyshyov) Chernyshyov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexey_Fyodorovich_Orlov) (Alexey Fyodorovich Orlov) Orlov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dmitry_Bludov) (Dmitry Bludov) Bludov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavel_Gagarin) (Pavel Gagarin) Gagarin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolay_Pavlovich_Ignatyev) (Nikolay Pavlovich Ignatyev) Ignatyev  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyotr_Valuyev) (Pyotr Valuyev) Valuyev  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_von_Reutern) (Michael von Reutern) von Reutern  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai_Bunge) (Nikolai Bunge) Bunge  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Durnovo) (Ivan Durnovo) Durnovo  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei_Witte) (Sergei Witte) Witte      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Ministers_of_the_Russian_Empire) (Council of Ministers of the Russian Empire) Council of Ministers  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei_Witte) (Sergei Witte) Witte  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Goremykin) (Ivan Goremykin) Goremykin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyotr_Stolypin) (Pyotr Stolypin) Stolypin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Kokovtsov) (Vladimir Kokovtsov) Kokovtsov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Goremykin) (Ivan Goremykin) Goremykin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Stürmer) (Boris Stürmer) Stürmer  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Trepov) (Alexander Trepov) Trepov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai_Golitsyn) (Nikolai Golitsyn) Golitsyn           (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Provisional_Government) (Russian Provisional Government) Provisional Government  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgy_Lvov) (Georgy Lvov) Lvov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Kerensky) (Alexander Kerensky) Kerensky      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic) (Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic) Russian SFSR   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_People's_Commissars_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic) (Council of People's Commissars of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic) Council of People's Commissars  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin) (Vladimir Lenin) Lenin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexei_Rykov) (Alexei Rykov) Rykov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey_Syrtsov_(politician)) (Sergey Syrtsov (politician)) Syrtsov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniil_Sulimov) (Daniil Sulimov) Sulimov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai_Bulganin) (Nikolai Bulganin) Bulganin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasily_Vakhrushev) (Vasily Vakhrushev) Vakhrushev  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Khokhlov) (Ivan Khokhlov) Khokhlov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantin_Pamfilov) (Konstantin Pamfilov) Pamfilov   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexei_Kosygin) (Alexei Kosygin) Kosygin      Council of Ministers (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Rodionov) (Mikhail Rodionov) Rodionov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Chernousov) (Boris Chernousov) Chernousov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Puzanov) (Alexander Puzanov) Puzanov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Yasnov) (Mikhail Yasnov) Yasnov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frol_Kozlov) (Frol Kozlov) Kozlov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dmitry_Polyansky) (Dmitry Polyansky) Polyansky  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gennady_Voronov) (Gennady Voronov) Voronov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Solomentsev) (Mikhail Solomentsev) Solomentsev  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitaly_Vorotnikov) (Vitaly Vorotnikov) Vorotnikov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Vlasov_(politician)) (Aleksandr Vlasov (politician)) Vlasov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Silayev) (Ivan Silayev) Silayev  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oleg_Lobov) (Oleg Lobov) Lobov            (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_Russia) (Government of Russia) Russian Federation  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Yeltsin) (Boris Yeltsin) Yeltsin   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yegor_Gaidar) (Yegor Gaidar) Gaidar   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Chernomyrdin) (Viktor Chernomyrdin) Chernomyrdin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey_Kiriyenko) (Sergey Kiriyenko) Kiriyenko  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Chernomyrdin) (Viktor Chernomyrdin) Chernomyrdin   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yevgeny_Primakov) (Yevgeny Primakov) Primakov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei_Stepashin) (Sergei Stepashin) Stepashin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) Putin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Kasyanov) (Mikhail Kasyanov) Kasyanov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Khristenko) (Viktor Khristenko) Khristenko   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Fradkov) (Mikhail Fradkov) Fradkov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Zubkov) (Viktor Zubkov) Zubkov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) Putin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Zubkov) (Viktor Zubkov) Zubkov   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev) (Dmitry Medvedev) Medvedev  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Mishustin) (Mikhail Mishustin) Mishustin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrey_Belousov) (Andrey Belousov) Belousov          (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1364279517)    (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:ICC_indictees_navbox) (Template:ICC indictees navbox) (View this template) v   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:ICC_indictees_navbox) (Template talk:ICC indictees navbox) (Discuss this template) t   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:ICC_indictees_navbox) (Special:EditPage/Template:ICC indictees navbox) (Edit this template) e     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_people_indicted_in_the_International_Criminal_Court) (List of people indicted in the International Criminal Court) People publicly indicted in the International Criminal Court    Italics and (*) indicate that a person was convicted by the ICC and that the conviction remains valid; a name in (parentheses) indicates that charges were dropped or a conviction was overturned; † indicates a person confirmed by the ICC as deceased before or during trial; (x) after a name indicates that the case was closed by the ICC because of a national-level trial of the accused   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Afghanistan) (International Criminal Court investigation in Afghanistan) Afghanistan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hibatullah_Akhundzada) (Hibatullah Akhundzada) Hibatullah Akhundzada  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul_Hakim_Haqqani) (Abdul Hakim Haqqani) Abdul Hakim Haqqani      Central African Republic ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Bemba) (Jean-Pierre Bemba) Jean-Pierre Bemba ) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noureddine_Adam) (Noureddine Adam) Noureddine Adam  ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxime_Mokom) (Maxime Mokom) Maxime Mokom ) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice-Edouard_Ngaïssona) (Patrice-Edouard Ngaïssona) Patrice-Edouard Ngaïssona  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahamat_Said_Abdel_Kani) (Mahamat Said Abdel Kani) Mahamat Said Abdel Kani  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_Yekatom) (Alfred Yekatom) Alfred Yekatom      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo) (International Criminal Court investigation in the Democratic Republic of the Congo) Democratic Republic of the Congo  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germain_Katanga) (Germain Katanga) Germain Katanga   (*) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Lubanga_Dyilo) (Thomas Lubanga Dyilo) Thomas Lubanga Dyilo   (*) ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callixte_Mbarushimana) (Callixte Mbarushimana) Callixte Mbarushimana ) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sylvestre_Mudacumura) (Sylvestre Mudacumura) Sylvestre Mudacumura  ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathieu_Ngudjolo_Chui) (Mathieu Ngudjolo Chui) Mathieu Ngudjolo Chui ) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosco_Ntaganda) (Bosco Ntaganda) Bosco Ntaganda   (*)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Darfur) (International Criminal Court investigation in Darfur) Darfur, Sudan  ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahr_Idriss_Abu_Garda) (Bahr Idriss Abu Garda) Bahr Abu Garda ) ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdallah_Banda) (Abdallah Banda) Abdallah Banda ) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omar_al-Bashir) (Omar al-Bashir) Omar al-Bashir  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed_Haroun) (Ahmed Haroun) Ahmed Haroun  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdel_Rahim_Mohammed_Hussein) (Abdel Rahim Mohammed Hussein) Abdel Rahim Hussein  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saleh_Jerbo) (Saleh Jerbo) Saleh Jerbo † (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Kushayb) (Ali Kushayb) Ali Kushayb   (*)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Georgia) (International Criminal Court investigation in Georgia) Georgia  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamlet_Guchmazov) (Hamlet Guchmazov) Hamlet Guchmazov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Mindzaev) (Mikhail Mindzaev) Mikhail Mindzaev  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Sanakoev) (David Sanakoev) David Sanakoev      Ivory Coast (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Blé_Goudé) (Charles Blé Goudé) Charles Blé Goudé  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurent_Gbagbo) (Laurent Gbagbo) Laurent Gbagbo  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simone_Gbagbo) (Simone Gbagbo) Simone Gbagbo      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Kenya) (International Criminal Court investigation in Kenya) Kenya  ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_Hussein_Ali) (Mohammed Hussein Ali) Mohammed Ali ) ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uhuru_Kenyatta) (Uhuru Kenyatta) Uhuru Kenyatta ) ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Kosgey) (Henry Kosgey) Henry Kosgey ) ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Muthaura) (Francis Muthaura) Francis Muthaura ) ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Ruto) (William Ruto) William Ruto ) ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Sang) (Joshua Sang) Joshua Sang ) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Gicheru) (Paul Gicheru) Paul Gicheru †     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Libya) (International Criminal Court investigation in Libya) Libya  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muammar_Gaddafi) (Muammar Gaddafi) Muammar Gaddafi † (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saif_al-Islam_Gaddafi) (Saif al-Islam Gaddafi) Saif al-Islam Gaddafi † (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_Senussi) (Abdullah Senussi) Abdullah Senussi (x) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tohami_Khaled) (Tohami Khaled) Tohami Khaled † (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmoud_al-Werfalli) (Mahmoud al-Werfalli) Mahmoud al-Werfalli †     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Mali) (International Criminal Court investigation in Mali) Mali  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iyad_Ag_Ghali) (Iyad Ag Ghali) Iyad Ag Ghali  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_al-Faqi_al-Mahdi) (Ahmad al-Faqi al-Mahdi) Ahmad al-Faqi al-Mahdi   (*) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Hassan_Ag_Abdoul_Aziz) (Al-Hassan Ag Abdoul Aziz) al-Hassan Ag Abdoul Aziz   (*)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Palestine) (International Criminal Court investigation in Palestine) Palestine  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_Deif) (Mohammed Deif) Mohammed Deif † (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoav_Gallant) (Yoav Gallant) Yoav Gallant  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Netanyahu) (Benjamin Netanyahu) Benjamin Netanyahu      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_the_Philippines) (International Criminal Court investigation in the Philippines) Philippines  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_dela_Rosa) (Ronald dela Rosa) Ronald dela Rosa  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodrigo_Duterte) (Rodrigo Duterte) Rodrigo Duterte      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Uganda) (International Criminal Court investigation in Uganda) Uganda  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Kony) (Joseph Kony) Joseph Kony  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raska_Lukwiya) (Raska Lukwiya) Raska Lukwiya † (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okot_Odhiambo) (Okot Odhiambo) Okot Odhiambo † (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dominic_Ongwen) (Dominic Ongwen) Dominic Ongwen   (*) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_Otti) (Vincent Otti) Vincent Otti †     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Ukraine) (International Criminal Court investigation in Ukraine) Ukraine  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valery_Gerasimov) (Valery Gerasimov) Valery Gerasimov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey_Kobylash) (Sergey Kobylash) Sergey Kobylash  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Lvova-Belova) (Maria Lvova-Belova) Maria Lvova-Belova  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) Vladimir Putin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei_Shoigu) (Sergei Shoigu) Sergei Shoigu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Sokolov_(naval_officer)) (Viktor Sokolov (naval officer)) Viktor Sokolov         (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1364279517)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)    (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Heads_of_state_of_republics) (Template:Heads of state of republics) (View this template) v   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Heads_of_state_of_republics) (Template talk:Heads of state of republics) (Discuss this template) t   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Heads_of_state_of_republics) (Special:EditPage/Template:Heads of state of republics) (Edit this template) e     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_current_heads_of_state_and_government) (List of current heads of state and government) Current heads of state of republics    Africa Algeria: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdelmadjid_Tebboune) (Abdelmadjid Tebboune) Tebboune   Angola: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/João_Lourenço) (João Lourenço) Lourenço   Benin: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romuald_Wadagni) (Romuald Wadagni) Wadagni   Botswana: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duma_Boko) (Duma Boko) Boko   Burkina Faso: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Traoré) (Ibrahim Traoré) Traoré  * Burundi: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Évariste_Ndayishimiye) (Évariste Ndayishimiye) Ndayishimiye   Cameroon: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Biya) (Paul Biya) Biya   Cape Verde: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/José_Maria_Neves) (José Maria Neves) Neves   Central African Republic: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faustin-Archange_Touadéra) (Faustin-Archange Touadéra) Touadéra   Chad: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahamat_Déby) (Mahamat Déby) Déby   Comoros: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azali_Assoumani) (Azali Assoumani) Assoumani   Democratic Republic of the Congo: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Félix_Tshisekedi) (Félix Tshisekedi) Tshisekedi   Republic of the Congo: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denis_Sassou_Nguesso) (Denis Sassou Nguesso) Nguesso   Djibouti: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismaïl_Omar_Guelleh) (Ismaïl Omar Guelleh) Guelleh   Egypt: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdel_Fattah_el-Sisi) (Abdel Fattah el-Sisi) el-Sisi   Equatorial Guinea: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teodoro_Obiang_Nguema_Mbasogo) (Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo) Obiang   Eritrea: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaias_Afwerki) (Isaias Afwerki) Isaias   Ethiopia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taye_Atske_Selassie) (Taye Atske Selassie) Selassie   Gabon: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brice_Oligui_Nguema) (Brice Oligui Nguema) Oligui   The Gambia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adama_Barrow) (Adama Barrow) Barrow   Ghana: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Mahama) (John Mahama) Mahama   Guinea: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamady_Doumbouya) (Mamady Doumbouya) Doumbouya   Guinea-Bissau: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horta_Inta-A_Na_Man) (Horta Inta-A Na Man) Inta-A  * Ivory Coast: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alassane_Ouattara) (Alassane Ouattara) Ouattara   Kenya: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Ruto) (William Ruto) Ruto   Liberia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Boakai) (Joseph Boakai) Boakai   Libya: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed_al-Menfi) (Mohamed al-Menfi) al-Menfi  * Madagascar: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Randrianirina) (Michael Randrianirina) Randrianirina   Malawi: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Mutharika) (Peter Mutharika) Mutharika   Mali: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assimi_Goïta) (Assimi Goïta) Goïta   Mauritania: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed_Ould_Ghazouani) (Mohamed Ould Ghazouani) Ould Ghazouani   Mauritius: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dharam_Gokhool) (Dharam Gokhool) Gokhool   Mozambique: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Chapo) (Daniel Chapo) Chapo   Namibia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netumbo_Nandi-Ndaitwah) (Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah) Nandi-Ndaitwah   Niger: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omar_Tiani) (Omar Tiani) Tiani  * Nigeria: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bola_Tinubu) (Bola Tinubu) Tinubu   Rwanda: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Kagame) (Paul Kagame) Kagame   Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brahim_Ghali) (Brahim Ghali) Ghali    São Tomé and Príncipe: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos_Vila_Nova) (Carlos Vila Nova) Vila Nova   Senegal: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bassirou_Diomaye_Faye) (Bassirou Diomaye Faye) Faye   Seychelles: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Herminie) (Patrick Herminie) Herminie   Sierra Leone: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Maada_Bio) (Julius Maada Bio) Bio   Somalia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassan_Sheikh_Mohamud) (Hassan Sheikh Mohamud) Hassan   Somaliland: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdirahman_Mohamed_Abdullahi) (Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi) Abdirahman    South Africa: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyril_Ramaphosa) (Cyril Ramaphosa) Ramaphosa   South Sudan: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salva_Kiir) (Salva Kiir) Kiir   Sudan: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdel_Fattah_al-Burhan) (Abdel Fattah al-Burhan) al-Burhan , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malik_Agar) (Malik Agar) Agar , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shams_al-Din_Kabbashi) (Shams al-Din Kabbashi) Kabbashi , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yasser_al-Atta) (Yasser al-Atta) al-Atta , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibrahim_Jaber) (Ibrahim Jaber) Jaber , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salma_Abdul_Jabbar_al-Mubarak?action=edit&redlink=1) (Salma Abdul Jabbar al-Mubarak (page does not exist)) al-Mubarak , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salah_al-Din_Adam_Tur?action=edit&redlink=1) (Salah al-Din Adam Tur (page does not exist)) Tur , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_Yahya_Ahmed_Hussein?action=edit&redlink=1) (Abdullah Yahya Ahmed Hussein (page does not exist)) Hussein and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nawara_Abu_Muhammad_Muhammad_Taher?action=edit&redlink=1) (Nawara Abu Muhammad Muhammad Taher (page does not exist)) Taher  * Tanzania: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samia_Suluhu_Hassan) (Samia Suluhu Hassan) Suluhu   Togo: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Lucien_Savi_de_Tové) (Jean-Lucien Savi de Tové) Savi de Tové   Tunisia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kais_Saied) (Kais Saied) Saied   Uganda: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoweri_Museveni) (Yoweri Museveni) Museveni   Zambia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hakainde_Hichilema) (Hakainde Hichilema) Hichilema   Zimbabwe: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmerson_Mnangagwa) (Emmerson Mnangagwa) Mnangagwa       Asia Bangladesh: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirza_Fakhrul_Islam_Alamgir) (Mirza Fakhrul Islam Alamgir) Alamgir   China: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi_Jinping) (Xi Jinping) Xi   India: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Droupadi_Murmu) (Droupadi Murmu) Murmu   Indonesia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prabowo_Subianto) (Prabowo Subianto) Prabowo   Iran: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masoud_Pezeshkian) (Masoud Pezeshkian) Pezeshkian   Iraq: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nizar_Amidi) (Nizar Amidi) Amidi   Israel: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Herzog) (Isaac Herzog) Herzog   Kazakhstan: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassym-Jomart_Tokayev) (Kassym-Jomart Tokayev) Tokayev   Kyrgyzstan: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadyr_Japarov) (Sadyr Japarov) Japarov   Laos: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thongloun_Sisoulith) (Thongloun Sisoulith) Thongloun   Lebanon: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Aoun) (Joseph Aoun) Aoun   Maldives: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed_Muizzu) (Mohamed Muizzu) Muizzu   Mongolia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukhnaagiin_Khürelsükh) (Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh) Khürelsükh   Myanmar: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Min_Aung_Hlaing) (Min Aung Hlaing) Min Aung Hlaing   Nepal: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ram_Chandra_Paudel) (Ram Chandra Paudel) Paudel   North Korea: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim_Jong_Un) (Kim Jong Un) Kim   Pakistan: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asif_Ali_Zardari) (Asif Ali Zardari) Zardari   Palestine: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahmoud_Abbas) (Mahmoud Abbas) Abbas    Philippines: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos) (Bongbong Marcos) Marcos   Singapore: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tharman_Shanmugaratnam) (Tharman Shanmugaratnam) Tharman   South Korea: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Jae_Myung) (Lee Jae Myung) Lee   Sri Lanka: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anura_Kumara_Dissanayake) (Anura Kumara Dissanayake) Dissanayake   Syria: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed_al-Sharaa) (Ahmed al-Sharaa) al-Sharaa  * Taiwan: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lai_Ching-te) (Lai Ching-te) Lai    Tajikistan: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emomali_Rahmon) (Emomali Rahmon) Rahmon   Timor-Leste: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/José_Ramos-Horta) (José Ramos-Horta) Ramos-Horta   Turkmenistan: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serdar_Berdimuhamedow) (Serdar Berdimuhamedow) Berdimuhamedow   Uzbekistan: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shavkat_Mirziyoyev) (Shavkat Mirziyoyev) Mirziyoyev   Vietnam: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tô_Lâm) (Tô Lâm) Tô   Yemen: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashad_al-Alimi) (Rashad al-Alimi) al-Alimi       Europe Abkhazia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badra_Gunba) (Badra Gunba) Gunba    Albania: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bajram_Begaj) (Bajram Begaj) Begaj   Armenia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vahagn_Khachaturyan) (Vahagn Khachaturyan) Khachaturyan   Austria: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Van_der_Bellen) (Alexander Van der Bellen) Van der Bellen   Azerbaijan: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilham_Aliyev) (Ilham Aliyev) Aliyev   Belarus: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Lukashenko) (Alexander Lukashenko) Lukashenko   Bosnia and Herzegovina: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denis_Bećirović) (Denis Bećirović) Bećirović , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Željka_Cvijanović) (Željka Cvijanović) Cvijanović and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Željko_Komšić) (Željko Komšić) Komšić   Bulgaria: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iliana_Iotova) (Iliana Iotova) Iotova   Croatia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoran_Milanović) (Zoran Milanović) Milanović   Cyprus: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikos_Christodoulides) (Nikos Christodoulides) Christodoulides   Czech Republic: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petr_Pavel) (Petr Pavel) Pavel   Estonia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alar_Karis) (Alar Karis) Karis   Finland: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Stubb) (Alexander Stubb) Stubb   France: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron) (Emmanuel Macron) Macron   Georgia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikheil_Kavelashvili) (Mikheil Kavelashvili) Kavelashvili   Germany: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank-Walter_Steinmeier) (Frank-Walter Steinmeier) Steinmeier   Greece: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantinos_Tasoulas) (Konstantinos Tasoulas) Tasoulas   Hungary: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/András_Baka) (András Baka) Baka   Iceland: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halla_Tómasdóttir) (Halla Tómasdóttir) Halla   Ireland: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catherine_Connolly) (Catherine Connolly) Connolly   Italy: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergio_Mattarella) (Sergio Mattarella) Mattarella   Kosovo: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albulena_Haxhiu) (Albulena Haxhiu) Haxhiu  *  Latvia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgars_Rinkēvičs) (Edgars Rinkēvičs) Rinkēvičs   Lithuania: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gitanas_Nausėda) (Gitanas Nausėda) Nausėda   Malta: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myriam_Spiteri_Debono) (Myriam Spiteri Debono) Spiteri Debono   Moldova: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maia_Sandu) (Maia Sandu) Sandu   Montenegro: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakov_Milatović) (Jakov Milatović) Milatović   Northern Cyprus: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tufan_Erhürman) (Tufan Erhürman) Erhürman    North Macedonia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordana_Siljanovska-Davkova) (Gordana Siljanovska-Davkova) Siljanovska-Davkova   Poland: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karol_Nawrocki) (Karol Nawrocki) Nawrocki   Portugal: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/António_José_Seguro) (António José Seguro) Seguro   Romania: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicușor_Dan) (Nicușor Dan) Dan   Russia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) Putin   San Marino: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice_Mina) (Alice Mina) Mina and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimiro_Selva) (Vladimiro Selva) Selva   Serbia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandar_Vučić) (Aleksandar Vučić) Vučić   Slovakia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Pellegrini) (Peter Pellegrini) Pellegrini   Slovenia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nataša_Pirc_Musar) (Nataša Pirc Musar) Pirc Musar   South Ossetia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marat_Kambolov) (Marat Kambolov) Kambolov  *  Switzerland: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy_Parmelin) (Guy Parmelin) Parmelin , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignazio_Cassis) (Ignazio Cassis) Cassis , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karin_Keller-Sutter) (Karin Keller-Sutter) Keller-Sutter , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Rösti) (Albert Rösti) Rösti , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Élisabeth_Baume-Schneider) (Élisabeth Baume-Schneider) Baume-Schneider , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beat_Jans) (Beat Jans) Jans and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Pfister) (Martin Pfister) Pfister   Transnistria: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vadim_Krasnoselsky) (Vadim Krasnoselsky) Krasnoselsky    Turkey: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan) Erdoğan   Ukraine: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volodymyr_Zelenskyy) (Volodymyr Zelenskyy) Zelenskyy       North America Barbados: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffrey_Bostic) (Jeffrey Bostic) Bostic   Costa Rica: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laura_Fernández) (Laura Fernández) Fernández   Cuba: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miguel_Díaz-Canel) (Miguel Díaz-Canel) Díaz-Canel   Dominica: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sylvanie_Burton) (Sylvanie Burton) Burton   Dominican Republic: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luis_Abinader) (Luis Abinader) Abinader   El Salvador: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nayib_Bukele) (Nayib Bukele) Bukele   Guatemala: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernardo_Arévalo) (Bernardo Arévalo) Arévalo   Haiti: vacant  Honduras: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasry_Asfura) (Nasry Asfura) Asfura   Mexico: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claudia_Sheinbaum) (Claudia Sheinbaum) Sheinbaum   Nicaragua: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Ortega) (Daniel Ortega) Ortega and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosario_Murillo) (Rosario Murillo) Murillo   Panama: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/José_Raúl_Mulino) (José Raúl Mulino) Mulino   Trinidad and Tobago: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christine_Kangaloo) (Christine Kangaloo) Kangaloo   United States: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump) (Donald Trump) Trump       South America Argentina: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javier_Milei) (Javier Milei) Milei   Bolivia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodrigo_Paz) (Rodrigo Paz) Paz   Brazil: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luiz_Inácio_Lula_da_Silva) (Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva) Lula   Chile: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/José_Antonio_Kast) (José Antonio Kast) Kast   Colombia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abelardo_de_la_Espriella) (Abelardo de la Espriella) de la Espriella   Ecuador: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Noboa) (Daniel Noboa) Noboa   Guyana: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irfaan_Ali) (Irfaan Ali) Ali   Paraguay: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santiago_Peña) (Santiago Peña) Peña   Peru: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keiko_Fujimori) (Keiko Fujimori) Fujimori   Suriname: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jennifer_Geerlings-Simons) (Jennifer Geerlings-Simons) Geerlings-Simons   Uruguay: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yamandú_Orsi) (Yamandú Orsi) Orsi   Venezuela: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolás_Maduro) (Nicolás Maduro) Nicolás Maduro  (de jure) , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delcy_Rodríguez) (Delcy Rodríguez) Delcy Rodríguez  * (de facto)      Oceania Fiji: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naiqama_Lalabalavu) (Naiqama Lalabalavu) Lalabalavu   Kiribati: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taneti_Maamau) (Taneti Maamau) Maamau   Marshall Islands: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilda_Heine) (Hilda Heine) Heine   Federated States of Micronesia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wesley_Simina) (Wesley Simina) Simina   Nauru: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Adeang) (David Adeang) Adeang   Palau: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surangel_Whipps_Jr.) (Surangel Whipps Jr.) Whipps Jr.   Samoa: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuimalealiʻifano_Vaʻaletoʻa_Sualauvi_II) (Tuimalealiʻifano Vaʻaletoʻa Sualauvi II) Sualauvi   Vanuatu: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikenike_Vurobaravu) (Nikenike Vurobaravu) Vurobaravu       Asterisks (*) indicate an acting head of state Italics indicate a head of state of non-UN member state         (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1364279517)    (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:List_of_current_heads_of_state_of_G20) (Template:List of current heads of state of G20) (View this template) v   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:List_of_current_heads_of_state_of_G20) (Template talk:List of current heads of state of G20) (Discuss this template) t   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:List_of_current_heads_of_state_of_G20) (Special:EditPage/Template:List of current heads of state of G20) (Edit this template) e     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_of_state) (Head of state) Heads of state of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G20) (G20) G20    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Union) (African Union) (African Union)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/João_Lourenço) (João Lourenço) Lourenço  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentina) (Argentina) (Argentina)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javier_Milei) (Javier Milei) Milei  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia) (Australia) (Australia)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_III) (Charles III) Charles III  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil) (Brazil) (Brazil)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luiz_Inácio_Lula_da_Silva) (Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva) Lula  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada) (Canada) (Canada)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_III) (Charles III) Charles III  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China) (China) (China)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi_Jinping) (Xi Jinping) Xi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union) (European Union) (European Union)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/António_Costa) (António Costa) Costa  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France) (France) (France)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron) (Emmanuel Macron) Macron  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany) (Germany) (Germany)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank-Walter_Steinmeier) (Frank-Walter Steinmeier) Steinmeier  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India) (India) (India)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Droupadi_Murmu) (Droupadi Murmu) Murmu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia) (Indonesia) (Indonesia)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prabowo_Subianto) (Prabowo Subianto) Prabowo  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italy) (Italy) (Italy)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergio_Mattarella) (Sergio Mattarella) Mattarella  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan) (Japan) (Japan)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naruhito) (Naruhito) Naruhito  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico) (Mexico) (Mexico)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claudia_Sheinbaum) (Claudia Sheinbaum) Sheinbaum  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia) (Russia) (Russia)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) Putin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia) (Saudi Arabia) (Saudi Arabia)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia) (Salman of Saudi Arabia) Salman  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa) (South Africa) (South Africa)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyril_Ramaphosa) (Cyril Ramaphosa) Ramaphosa  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea) (South Korea) (South Korea)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Jae_Myung) (Lee Jae Myung) Lee  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey) (Turkey) (Turkey)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan) Erdoğan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom) (United Kingdom) (United Kingdom)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_III) (Charles III) Charles III  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States) (United States) (United States)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump) (Donald Trump) Trump         (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1364279517)    (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Current_G20_leaders) (Template:Current G20 leaders) (View this template) v   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Current_G20_leaders) (Template talk:Current G20 leaders) (Discuss this template) t   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Current_G20_leaders) (Special:EditPage/Template:Current G20 leaders) (Edit this template) e     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G20) (G20) Leaders of the G20    African Union: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Évariste_Ndayishimiye) (Évariste Ndayishimiye) Ndayishimiye  / (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahamoud_Ali_Youssouf) (Mahamoud Ali Youssouf) Youssouf  Argentina: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javier_Milei) (Javier Milei) Milei   Australia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Albanese) (Anthony Albanese) Albanese   Brazil: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luiz_Inácio_Lula_da_Silva) (Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva) Lula   Canada: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Carney) (Mark Carney) Carney   China: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi_Jinping) (Xi Jinping) Xi   European Union: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/António_Costa) (António Costa) Costa  / (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ursula_von_der_Leyen) (Ursula von der Leyen) von der Leyen  France: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron) (Emmanuel Macron) Macron   Germany: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Merz) (Friedrich Merz) Merz   India: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi) (Narendra Modi) Modi   Indonesia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prabowo_Subianto) (Prabowo Subianto) Prabowo   Italy: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giorgia_Meloni) (Giorgia Meloni) Meloni   Japan: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanae_Takaichi) (Sanae Takaichi) Takaichi   Mexico: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claudia_Sheinbaum) (Claudia Sheinbaum) Sheinbaum   Russia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) Putin   Saudi Arabia: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salman_of_Saudi_Arabia) (Salman of Saudi Arabia) Salman   South Africa: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyril_Ramaphosa) (Cyril Ramaphosa) Ramaphosa   South Korea: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Jae_Myung) (Lee Jae Myung) Lee   Turkey: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recep_Tayyip_Erdoğan) (Recep Tayyip Erdoğan) Erdoğan   United Kingdom: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andy_Burnham) (Andy Burnham) Burnham   United States: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump) (Donald Trump) Trump          (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1364279517)    (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:APEC_leaders) (Template:APEC leaders) (View this template) v   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:APEC_leaders) (Template talk:APEC leaders) (Discuss this template) t   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:APEC_leaders) (Special:EditPage/Template:APEC leaders) (Edit this template) e     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_of_government) (Head of government) Leaders of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia-Pacific_Economic_Cooperation) (Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australia) (Australia) (Australia)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Albanese) (Anthony Albanese) Albanese   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brunei) (Brunei) (Brunei)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hassanal_Bolkiah) (Hassanal Bolkiah) Bolkiah   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada) (Canada) (Canada)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Carney) (Mark Carney) Carney   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chile) (Chile) (Chile)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/José_Antonio_Kast) (José Antonio Kast) Kast   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China) (China) (China)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi_Jinping) (Xi Jinping) Xi   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan) (Taiwan) (Taiwan)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lai_Ching-te) (Lai Ching-te) Lai ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Chinese_Taipei_representatives_to_APEC) (List of Chinese Taipei representatives to APEC) Envoy : (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lin_Hsin-i) (Lin Hsin-i) Lin )1   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong) (Hong Kong) (Hong Kong)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Lee_Ka-chiu) (John Lee Ka-chiu) Lee   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia) (Indonesia) (Indonesia)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prabowo_Subianto) (Prabowo Subianto) Prabowo   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan) (Japan) (Japan)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanae_Takaichi) (Sanae Takaichi) Takaichi   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea) (South Korea) (South Korea)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee_Jae_Myung) (Lee Jae Myung) Lee   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia) (Malaysia) (Malaysia)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anwar_Ibrahim) (Anwar Ibrahim) Anwar   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico) (Mexico) (Mexico)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claudia_Sheinbaum) (Claudia Sheinbaum) Sheinbaum   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand) (New Zealand) (New Zealand)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Luxon) (Christopher Luxon) Luxon   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea) (Papua New Guinea) (Papua New Guinea)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Marape) (James Marape) Marape   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru) (Peru) (Peru)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keiko_Fujimori) (Keiko Fujimori) Fujimori   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines) (Philippines) (Philippines)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos) (Bongbong Marcos) Marcos   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia) (Russia) (Russia)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) Putin   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore) (Singapore) (Singapore)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence_Wong) (Lawrence Wong) Wong   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailand) (Thailand) (Thailand)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anutin_Charnvirakul) (Anutin Charnvirakul) Anutin   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States) (United States) (United States)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Trump) (Donald Trump) Trump   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam) (Vietnam) (Vietnam)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tô_Lâm) (Tô Lâm) Lâm       1 President is a non-participant; Taiwan is represented as (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Taipei) (Chinese Taipei) Chinese Taipei .      (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1364279517)    (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:SCO_leaders) (Template:SCO leaders) (View this template) v   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:SCO_leaders) (Template talk:SCO leaders) (Discuss this template) t   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:SCO_leaders) (Special:EditPage/Template:SCO leaders) (Edit this template) e     Leaders of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai_Cooperation_Organisation) (Shanghai Cooperation Organisation) Shanghai Cooperation Organisation    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China) (China) (China)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi_Jinping) (Xi Jinping) Xi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India) (India) (India)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi) (Narendra Modi) Modi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran) (Iran) (Iran)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebrahim_Raisi) (Ebrahim Raisi) Raisi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan) (Kazakhstan) (Kazakhstan)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassym-Jomart_Tokayev) (Kassym-Jomart Tokayev) Tokayev  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrgyzstan) (Kyrgyzstan) (Kyrgyzstan)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadyr_Japarov) (Sadyr Japarov) Japarov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan) (Pakistan) (Pakistan)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shehbaz_Sharif) (Shehbaz Sharif) Sharif  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia) (Russia) (Russia)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) Putin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajikistan) (Tajikistan) (Tajikistan)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emomali_Rahmon) (Emomali Rahmon) Rahmon  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzbekistan) (Uzbekistan) (Uzbekistan)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shavkat_Mirziyoyev) (Shavkat Mirziyoyev) Mirziyoyev         (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1364279517)    (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:BRICS) (Template:BRICS) (View this template) v   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:BRICS) (Template talk:BRICS) (Discuss this template) t   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:BRICS) (Special:EditPage/Template:BRICS) (Edit this template) e     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BRICS) (BRICS) BRICS    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Member_states_of_BRICS) (Member states of BRICS) Membership  ()     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil) (Brazil) Brazil  ()     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia) (Russia) Russia  ()     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India) (India) India  ()     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China) (China) China  ()     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa) (South Africa) South Africa  ()     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt) (Egypt) Egypt  ()     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopia) (Ethiopia) Ethiopia  ()     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran) (Iran) Iran  ()     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates) (United Arab Emirates) United Arab Emirates  ()     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia) (Indonesia) Indonesia      Summits (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1st_BRIC_summit) (1st BRIC summit) Yekaterinburg 2009  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2nd_BRIC_summit) (2nd BRIC summit) Brasília 2010  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3rd_BRICS_summit) (3rd BRICS summit) Sanya 2011  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4th_BRICS_summit) (4th BRICS summit) New Delhi 2012  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5th_BRICS_summit) (5th BRICS summit) Durban 2013  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/6th_BRICS_summit) (6th BRICS summit) Fortaleza 2014  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/7th_BRICS_summit) (7th BRICS summit) Ufa 2015  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8th_BRICS_summit) (8th BRICS summit) Goa 2016  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9th_BRICS_summit) (9th BRICS summit) Xiamen 2017  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10th_BRICS_summit) (10th BRICS summit) Johannesburg 2018  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/11th_BRICS_summit) (11th BRICS summit) Brasília 2019  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12th_BRICS_summit) (12th BRICS summit) Saint Petersburg 2020  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/13th_BRICS_summit) (13th BRICS summit) New Delhi 2021  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/14th_BRICS_summit) (14th BRICS summit) Beijing 2022  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/15th_BRICS_summit) (15th BRICS summit) Johannesburg 2023  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16th_BRICS_summit) (16th BRICS summit) Kazan 2024  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/17th_BRICS_summit) (17th BRICS summit) Rio de Janeiro 2025  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/18th_BRICS_summit) (18th BRICS summit) India 2026      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_BRICS_summit_attendees) (List of BRICS summit attendees) Leaders  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil) (Brazil) (Brazil)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luiz_Inácio_Lula_da_Silva) (Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva) Lula  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia) (Russia) (Russia)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) Putin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India) (India) (India)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narendra_Modi) (Narendra Modi) Modi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China) (China) (China)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xi_Jinping) (Xi Jinping) Xi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa) (South Africa) (South Africa)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyril_Ramaphosa) (Cyril Ramaphosa) Ramaphosa  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt) (Egypt) (Egypt)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdel_Fattah_el-Sisi) (Abdel Fattah el-Sisi) Sisi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopia) (Ethiopia) (Ethiopia)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abiy_Ahmed) (Abiy Ahmed) Ahmed  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran) (Iran) (Iran)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masoud_Pezeshkian) (Masoud Pezeshkian) Pezeshkian  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates) (United Arab Emirates) (United Arab Emirates)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed_bin_Zayed_Al_Nahyan) (Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan) Al Nahyan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia) (Indonesia) (Indonesia)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prabowo_Subianto) (Prabowo Subianto) Prabowo      Sports (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BRICS_U-17_Football_Cup) (BRICS U-17 Football Cup) BRICS U-17 Football Cup (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016_BRICS_U-17_Football_Cup) (2016 BRICS U-17 Football Cup) 2016 Goa  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_BRICS_U-17_Football_Cup) (2018 BRICS U-17 Football Cup) 2018 Johannesburg    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BRICS_Games) (BRICS Games) BRICS Games (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_BRICS_Games) (2024 BRICS Games) 2024 Kazan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics_at_the_2024_BRICS_Games) (Athletics at the 2024 BRICS Games) Athletics  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton_at_the_2024_BRICS_Games) (Badminton at the 2024 BRICS Games) Badminton  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gymnastics_at_the_2024_BRICS_Games) (Gymnastics at the 2024 BRICS Games) Gymnastics  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breaking_at_the_2024_BRICS_Games) (Breaking at the 2024 BRICS Games) Breaking  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrobatic_rock_and_roll_at_the_2024_BRICS_Games) (Acrobatic rock and roll at the 2024 BRICS Games) Acrobatic rock and roll  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phygital_football_at_the_2024_BRICS_Games) (Phygital football at the 2024 BRICS Games) Phygital football  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phygital_basketball_at_the_2024_BRICS_Games) (Phygital basketball at the 2024 BRICS Games) Phygital basketball        Related (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BRICS_Contingent_Reserve_Arrangement) (BRICS Contingent Reserve Arrangement) BRICS Contingent Reserve Arrangement  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BRICS_Cable) (BRICS Cable) BRICS Cable  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BRICS_Universities_League) (BRICS Universities League) BRICS Universities League  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Development_Bank) (New Development Bank) New Development Bank  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BRICS_PAY) (BRICS PAY) BRICS PAY  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BRIC_(economics_term)) (BRIC (economics term)) BRIC (economics term)         (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1364279517)    (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:CIS_leaders) (Template:CIS leaders) (View this template) v   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:CIS_leaders) (Template talk:CIS leaders) (Discuss this template) t   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:CIS_leaders) (Special:EditPage/Template:CIS leaders) (Edit this template) e     Leaders of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Independent_States) (Commonwealth of Independent States) Commonwealth of Independent States    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijan) (Azerbaijan) (Azerbaijan)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilham_Aliyev) (Ilham Aliyev) Aliyev   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenia) (Armenia) (Armenia)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikol_Pashinyan) (Nikol Pashinyan) Pashinyan   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus) (Belarus) (Belarus)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Lukashenko) (Alexander Lukashenko) Lukashenko   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan) (Kazakhstan) (Kazakhstan)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassym-Jomart_Tokayev) (Kassym-Jomart Tokayev) Tokayev   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrgyzstan) (Kyrgyzstan) (Kyrgyzstan)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadyr_Japarov) (Sadyr Japarov) Japarov   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia) (Russia) (Russia)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) Putin   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajikistan) (Tajikistan) (Tajikistan)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emomali_Rahmon) (Emomali Rahmon) Rahmon   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan) (Turkmenistan) (Turkmenistan)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serdar_Berdimuhamedow) (Serdar Berdimuhamedow) Berdimuhamedow   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzbekistan) (Uzbekistan) (Uzbekistan)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shavkat_Mirziyoyev) (Shavkat Mirziyoyev) Mirziyoyev          (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1364279517)    (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Candidates_in_the_Russian_presidential_election,_2000) (Template:Candidates in the Russian presidential election, 2000) (View this template) v   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Candidates_in_the_Russian_presidential_election,_2000) (Template talk:Candidates in the Russian presidential election, 2000) (Discuss this template) t   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Candidates_in_the_Russian_presidential_election,_2000) (Special:EditPage/Template:Candidates in the Russian presidential election, 2000) (Edit this template) e     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candidates_in_the_2000_Russian_presidential_election) (Candidates in the 2000 Russian presidential election) Candidates in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000_Russian_presidential_election) (2000 Russian presidential election) 2000 Russian presidential election    Winner (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) Vladimir Putin (Independent) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000_Vladimir_Putin_presidential_campaign) (2000 Vladimir Putin presidential campaign) campaign       Other candidates (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gennady_Zyuganov) (Gennady Zyuganov) Gennady Zyuganov ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Russian_Federation) (Communist Party of the Russian Federation) Communist Party ) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gennady_Zyuganov_2000_presidential_campaign) (Gennady Zyuganov 2000 presidential campaign) campaign   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grigory_Yavlinsky) (Grigory Yavlinsky) Grigory Yavlinsky ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yabloko) (Yabloko) Yabloko ) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grigory_Yavlinsky_2000_presidential_campaign) (Grigory Yavlinsky 2000 presidential campaign) campaign   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aman_Tuleyev) (Aman Tuleyev) Aman Tuleyev (Independent) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Zhirinovsky) (Vladimir Zhirinovsky) Vladimir Zhirinovsky ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_of_Russia) (Liberal Democratic Party of Russia) LDPR ) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Zhirinovsky_2000_presidential_campaign) (Vladimir Zhirinovsky 2000 presidential campaign) campaign   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantin_Titov) (Konstantin Titov) Konstantin Titov (Independent) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ella_Pamfilova) (Ella Pamfilova) Ella Pamfilova (For Civic Dignity) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanislav_Govorukhin) (Stanislav Govorukhin) Stanislav Govorukhin (Independent) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yury_Skuratov) (Yury Skuratov) Yury Skuratov (Independent) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexey_Podberezkin) (Alexey Podberezkin) Alexey Podberezkin (Spiritual Heritage) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umar_Dzhabrailov) (Umar Dzhabrailov) Umar Dzhabrailov (Independent)     Withdrew (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yevgeny_Vadimovich_Savostyanov?action=edit&redlink=1) (Yevgeny Vadimovich Savostyanov (page does not exist)) Yevgeny Savostyanov (Independent)        (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1364279517)    (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Candidates_in_the_Russian_presidential_election,_2004) (Template:Candidates in the Russian 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candidates (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolay_Kharitonov) (Nikolay Kharitonov) Nikolay Kharitonov ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Russian_Federation) (Communist Party of the Russian Federation) Communist Party ) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey_Glazyev) (Sergey Glazyev) Sergey Glazyev (Independent) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irina_Khakamada) (Irina Khakamada) Irina Khakamada (Independent) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oleg_Malyshkin) (Oleg Malyshkin) Oleg Malyshkin ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_of_Russia) (Liberal Democratic Party of Russia) LDPR ) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey_Mironov) (Sergey Mironov) Sergey Mironov ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Party_of_Life) (Russian Party of Life) Russian Party of Life )     Withdrew (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Rybkin) (Ivan Rybkin) Ivan Rybkin (Independent)        (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1364279517)    (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Candidates_in_the_Russian_presidential_election,_2012) (Template:Candidates in the Russian presidential election, 2012) (View this template) v   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Candidates_in_the_Russian_presidential_election,_2012) (Template talk:Candidates in the Russian presidential election, 2012) (Discuss this template) t   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Candidates_in_the_Russian_presidential_election,_2012) (Special:EditPage/Template:Candidates in the Russian presidential election, 2012) (Edit this template) e     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candidates_in_the_2012_Russian_presidential_election) (Candidates in the 2012 Russian presidential election) Candidates in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Russian_presidential_election) (2012 Russian presidential election) 2012 Russian presidential election    Winner (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) Vladimir Putin ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Russia) (United Russia) United Russia ) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin_2012_presidential_campaign) (Vladimir Putin 2012 presidential campaign) campaign       Other candidates (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gennady_Zyuganov) (Gennady Zyuganov) Gennady Zyuganov ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Russian_Federation) (Communist Party of the Russian Federation) Communist Party ) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gennady_Zyuganov_2012_presidential_campaign) (Gennady Zyuganov 2012 presidential campaign) campaign   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Prokhorov) (Mikhail Prokhorov) Mikhail Prokhorov (Independent) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Prokhorov_2012_presidential_campaign) (Mikhail Prokhorov 2012 presidential campaign) campaign   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Zhirinovsky) (Vladimir Zhirinovsky) Vladimir Zhirinovsky ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_of_Russia) (Liberal Democratic Party of Russia) LDPR ) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Zhirinovsky_2012_presidential_campaign) (Vladimir Zhirinovsky 2012 presidential campaign) campaign   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey_Mironov) (Sergey Mironov) Sergey Mironov ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Just_Russia) (A Just Russia) A Just Russia )        (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1364279517)    (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Candidates_in_the_Russian_presidential_election,_2018) (Template:Candidates in the Russian presidential election, 2018) (View this template) v   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Candidates_in_the_Russian_presidential_election,_2018) (Template talk:Candidates in the Russian presidential election, 2018) (Discuss this template) t   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Candidates_in_the_Russian_presidential_election,_2018) (Special:EditPage/Template:Candidates in the Russian presidential election, 2018) (Edit this template) e     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candidates_in_the_2018_Russian_presidential_election) (Candidates in the 2018 Russian presidential election) Candidates in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018_Russian_presidential_election) (2018 Russian presidential election) 2018 Russian presidential election    Winner (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) Vladimir Putin ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_politician) (Independent politician) Independent / (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin_2018_presidential_campaign) (Vladimir Putin 2018 presidential campaign) campaign )     Other candidates (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavel_Grudinin) (Pavel Grudinin) Pavel Grudinin ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Russian_Federation) (Communist Party of the Russian Federation) Communist Party / (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavel_Grudinin_2018_presidential_campaign) (Pavel Grudinin 2018 presidential campaign) campaign ) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Zhirinovsky) (Vladimir Zhirinovsky) Vladimir Zhirinovsky ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_of_Russia) (Liberal Democratic Party of Russia) Liberal Democratic Party / (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Zhirinovsky_2018_presidential_campaign) (Vladimir Zhirinovsky 2018 presidential campaign) campaign ) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ksenia_Sobchak) (Ksenia Sobchak) Ksenia Sobchak ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civic_Initiative_(Russia)) (Civic Initiative (Russia)) Civic Initiative / (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ksenia_Sobchak_2018_presidential_campaign) (Ksenia Sobchak 2018 presidential campaign) campaign ) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grigory_Yavlinsky) (Grigory Yavlinsky) Grigory Yavlinsky ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yabloko) (Yabloko) Yabloko / (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grigory_Yavlinsky_2018_presidential_campaign) (Grigory Yavlinsky 2018 presidential campaign) campaign ) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Titov) (Boris Titov) Boris Titov ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Party_of_Growth) (Party of Growth) Party of Growth / (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris_Titov_2018_presidential_campaign) (Boris Titov 2018 presidential campaign) campaign ) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxim_Suraykin) (Maxim Suraykin) Maxim Suraykin ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communists_of_Russia) (Communists of Russia) Communists of Russia / (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxim_Suraykin_2018_presidential_campaign) (Maxim Suraykin 2018 presidential campaign) campaign ) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey_Baburin) (Sergey Baburin) Sergey Baburin ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_All-People's_Union) (Russian All-People's Union) Russian All-People's Union / (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey_Baburin_2018_presidential_campaign) (Sergey Baburin 2018 presidential campaign) campaign )     Non-registered (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexei_Navalny) (Alexei Navalny) Alexei Navalny ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_politician) (Independent politician) Independent / (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexei_Navalny_2018_presidential_campaign) (Alexei Navalny 2018 presidential campaign) campaign )        (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1364279517)    (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Russo-Ukrainian_war_(2022–present)) (Template:Russo-Ukrainian war (2022–present)) (View this template) v   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Russo-Ukrainian_war_(2022–present)) (Template talk:Russo-Ukrainian war (2022–present)) (Discuss this template) t   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Russo-Ukrainian_war_(2022–present)) (Special:EditPage/Template:Russo-Ukrainian war (2022–present)) (Edit this template) e     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_war_(2022–present)) (Russo-Ukrainian war (2022–present)) Russo-Ukrainian war (2022–present)    Part of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_war) (Russo-Ukrainian war) Russo-Ukrainian war     Overview   General (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war) (Outline of the Russo-Ukrainian war) Outline  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war_(2022–present)) (Timeline of the Russo-Ukrainian war (2022–present)) Timeline (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_prelude_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) (Timeline of the prelude to the Russian invasion of Ukraine) Prelude  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) (Timeline of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine) Feb–Apr 2022  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war_(8_April_–_28_August_2022)) (Timeline of the Russo-Ukrainian war (8 April – 28 August 2022)) Apr–Aug 2022  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war_(29_August_–_11_November_2022)) (Timeline of the Russo-Ukrainian war (29 August – 11 November 2022)) Aug–Nov 2022  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war_(12_November_2022_–_7_June_2023)) (Timeline of the Russo-Ukrainian war (12 November 2022 – 7 June 2023)) Nov 2022 – Jun 2023  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war_(8_June_2023_–_31_August_2023)) (Timeline of the Russo-Ukrainian war (8 June 2023 – 31 August 2023)) Jun–Aug 2023  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war_(1_September_–_30_November_2023)) (Timeline of the Russo-Ukrainian war (1 September – 30 November 2023)) Sep–Nov 2023  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war_(1_December_2023_–_31_March_2024)) (Timeline of the Russo-Ukrainian war (1 December 2023 – 31 March 2024)) Dec 2023 – Mar 2024  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war_(1_April_–_31_July_2024)) (Timeline of the Russo-Ukrainian war (1 April – 31 July 2024)) Apr–Jul 2024  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war_(1_August_–_31_December_2024)) (Timeline of the Russo-Ukrainian war (1 August – 31 December 2024)) Aug–Dec 2024  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war_(1_January_2025_–_31_May_2025)) (Timeline of the Russo-Ukrainian war (1 January 2025 – 31 May 2025)) Jan–May 2025  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war_(1_June_2025_–_31_August_2025)) (Timeline of the Russo-Ukrainian war (1 June 2025 – 31 August 2025)) Jun–Aug 2025  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war_(1_September_2025_–_31_December_2025)) (Timeline of the Russo-Ukrainian war (1 September 2025 – 31 December 2025)) Sep–Dec 2025  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war_(1_January_2026_–_31_May_2026)) (Timeline of the Russo-Ukrainian war (1 January 2026 – 31 May 2026)) Jan–May 2026  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war_(1_June_2026_–_present)) (Timeline of the Russo-Ukrainian war (1 June 2026 – present)) Jun 2026 – present    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerial_warfare_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war) (Aerial warfare in the Russo-Ukrainian war) Aerial warfare  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortifications_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) (Fortifications of the Russian invasion of Ukraine) Defense lines  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_fighters_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war) (Foreign fighters in the Russo-Ukrainian war) Foreign fighters  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_information_war_against_Ukraine) (Russian information war against Ukraine) Information war  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naval_warfare_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war_(2022–present)) (Naval warfare in the Russo-Ukrainian war (2022–present)) Naval warfare  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legality_of_the_2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) (Legality of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine) Legality  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Russo-Ukrainian_war_detailed_map) (Template:Russo-Ukrainian war detailed map) Map  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_war_(2022–present)_order_of_battle) (Russo-Ukrainian war (2022–present) order of battle) Order of battle  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace_negotiations_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war_(2022–present)) (Peace negotiations in the Russo-Ukrainian war (2022–present)) Peace negotiations (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine's_Peace_Formula) (Ukraine's Peace Formula) Ukraine's Peace Formula  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China's_Position_on_the_Political_Settlement_of_the_Ukrainian_Crisis) (China's Position on the Political Settlement of the Ukrainian Crisis) China peace proposal  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June_2024_Ukraine_peace_summit) (June 2024 Ukraine peace summit) June 2024 peace summit  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proposed_multinational_force_in_Ukraine) (Proposed multinational force in Ukraine) Multinational Force    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proposed_no-fly_zone_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) (Proposed no-fly zone in the Russian invasion of Ukraine) Proposed no-fly zone  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_lines_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war) (Red lines in the Russo-Ukrainian war) Red lines  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reparations_from_Russia_after_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war) (Reparations from Russia after the Russo-Ukrainian war) Reparations  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_control_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war) (Territorial control during the Russo-Ukrainian war) Territorial control      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prelude_to_the_2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) (Prelude to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine) Prelude  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reactions_to_the_2021–2022_Russo-Ukrainian_crisis) (Reactions to the 2021–2022 Russo-Ukrainian crisis) Reactions  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disinformation_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) (Disinformation in the Russian invasion of Ukraine) Disinformation (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine_bioweapons_conspiracy_theory) (Ukraine bioweapons conspiracy theory) Ukraine bioweapons conspiracy theory  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction) (Ukraine and weapons of mass destruction) Ukraine and weapons of mass destruction    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Russia–United_States_summit) (2021 Russia–United States summit) 2021 Russia–United States summit  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Black_Sea_incident) (2021 Black Sea incident) 2021 Black Sea incident  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus–European_Union_border_crisis) (Belarus–European Union border crisis) Belarus–European Union border crisis  "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Historical_Unity_of_Russians_and_Ukrainians) (On the Historical Unity of Russians and Ukrainians) On the Historical Unity of Russians and Ukrainians " (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crimea_Platform) (Crimea Platform) Crimea Platform  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zapad_2021) (Zapad 2021) Zapad 2021  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/December_2021_Russian_ultimatum_to_NATO) (December 2021 Russian ultimatum to NATO) December 2021 ultimatum  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Ukraine_cyberattacks) (2022 Ukraine cyberattacks) 2022 Ukraine cyberattacks  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zametil_2022) (Zametil 2022) Zametil 2022  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_Resolve_2022) (Union Resolve 2022) Union Resolve 2022  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanytsia_Luhanska_kindergarten_bombing) (Stanytsia Luhanska kindergarten bombing) Stanytsia Luhanska kindergarten bombing  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British–Polish–Ukrainian_trilateral_pact) (British–Polish–Ukrainian trilateral pact) British–Polish–Ukrainian trilateral pact  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_evacuation_of_the_Donetsk_People's_Republic_and_the_Luhansk_People's_Republic) (2022 evacuation of the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic) Evacuation of the Donetsk PR and Luhansk PR  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_mobilization_in_the_Donetsk_People's_Republic_and_the_Luhansk_People's_Republic) (2022 mobilization in the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic) Mobilization in Donetsk PR and Luhansk PR  "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Address_concerning_the_events_in_Ukraine) (Address concerning the events in Ukraine) Address concerning the events in Ukraine " "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_conducting_a_special_military_operation) (On conducting a special military operation) On conducting a special military operation "     Background (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_pro-Russian_unrest_in_Ukraine) (2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine) 2014 pro-Russian unrest in Ukraine  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation) (Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation) Annexation of Crimea (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation) (International reactions to the annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation) reactions    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_in_Donbas) (War in Donbas) War in Donbas (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_war_in_Donbas_(2022)) (Timeline of the war in Donbas (2022)) 2022 timeline  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minsk_agreements) (Minsk agreements) Minsk agreements  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanitarian_situation_during_the_war_in_Donbas) (Humanitarian situation during the war in Donbas) humanitarian situation  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_recognition_of_the_Donetsk_People's_Republic_and_the_Luhansk_People's_Republic) (International recognition of the Donetsk People's Republic and the Luhansk People's Republic) international recognition of the Donetsk PR and Luhansk PR    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putinism) (Putinism) Putinism (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foundations_of_Geopolitics) (Foundations of Geopolitics) Foundations of Geopolitics   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novorossiya) (Novorossiya) Novorossiya  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruscism) (Ruscism) Ruscism  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_irredentism) (Russian irredentism) Russian irredentism  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_imperialism) (Russian imperialism) Russian imperialism        Foreign relations (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia–Ukraine_relations) (Russia–Ukraine relations) Russia–Ukraine  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus–Ukraine_relations) (Belarus–Ukraine relations) Belarus–Ukraine  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarus–Russia_relations) (Belarus–Russia relations) Belarus–Russia  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia–United_States_relations) (Russia–United States relations) Russia–United States  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine–United_States_relations) (Ukraine–United States relations) Ukraine–United States  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia–NATO_relations) (Russia–NATO relations) Russia–NATO  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine–NATO_relations) (Ukraine–NATO relations) Ukraine–NATO (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enlargement_of_NATO) (Enlargement of NATO) enlargement of NATO  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_opposition_to_NATO_enlargement) (Russian opposition to NATO enlargement) Russian opposition to NATO enlargement  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO_open_door_policy) (NATO open door policy) open door policy              (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_military_engagements_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war_(2022–present)) (List of military engagements during the Russo-Ukrainian war (2022–present)) Military engagements    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_front_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war_(2022–present)) (Southern front of the Russo-Ukrainian war (2022–present)) Southern Ukraine  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snake_Island_campaign) (Snake Island campaign) Snake Island campaign  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Mariupol) (Siege of Mariupol) Siege of Mariupol  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Kherson) (Battle of Kherson) Battle of Kherson  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capture_of_Melitopol) (Capture of Melitopol) Capture of Melitopol  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Mykolaiv) (Battle of Mykolaiv) Battle of Mykolaiv  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Enerhodar) (Battle of Enerhodar) Battle of Enerhodar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Voznesensk) (Battle of Voznesensk) Battle of Voznesensk  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Kherson_counteroffensive) (2022 Kherson counteroffensive) Kherson counteroffensive (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberation_of_Kherson) (Liberation of Kherson) Liberation of Kherson    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dnieper_campaign_(2022–present)) (Dnieper campaign (2022–present)) Dnieper campaign (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destruction_of_the_Kakhovka_Dam) (Destruction of the Kakhovka Dam) Destruction of the Kakhovka Dam    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Mala_Tokmachka) (Battle of Mala Tokmachka) Battle of Mala Tokmachka  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huliaipole_offensive) (Huliaipole offensive) Huliaipole offensive      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_front_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war_(2022–present)) (Eastern front of the Russo-Ukrainian war (2022–present)) Eastern Ukraine  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Volnovakha) (Battle of Volnovakha) Battle of Volnovakha  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Kharkiv_(2022)) (Battle of Kharkiv (2022)) Battle of Kharkiv  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Izium) (Battle of Izium) Battle of Izium  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Rubizhne) (Battle of Rubizhne) Battle of Rubizhne  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Popasna) (Battle of Popasna) Battle of Popasna  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Marinka_(2022–2023)) (Battle of Marinka (2022–2023)) Battle of Marinka  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Donbas_(2022)) (Battle of Donbas (2022)) Battle of Donbas (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_the_Siverskyi_Donets) (Battle of the Siverskyi Donets) Battle of the Siverskyi Donets  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Sievierodonetsk_(2022)) (Battle of Sievierodonetsk (2022)) Battle of Sievierodonetsk  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Lysychansk) (Battle of Lysychansk) Battle of Lysychansk  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Pisky) (Battle of Pisky) Battle of Pisky  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Bakhmut) (Battle of Bakhmut) Battle of Bakhmut  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Soledar) (Battle of Soledar) Battle of Soledar    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Vuhledar) (Battle of Vuhledar) Battle of Vuhledar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Kharkiv_counteroffensive) (2022 Kharkiv counteroffensive) Kharkiv counteroffensive (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Lyman_(September–October_2022)) (Battle of Lyman (September–October 2022)) Battle of Lyman (September–October 2022)    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luhansk_Oblast_campaign) (Luhansk Oblast campaign) Luhansk Oblast campaign (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kupiansk_offensive) (Kupiansk offensive) Kupiansk    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Avdiivka_(2023–2024)) (Battle of Avdiivka (2023–2024)) Battle of Avdiivka  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Chasiv_Yar) (Battle of Chasiv Yar) Battle of Chasiv Yar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Krasnohorivka) (Battle of Krasnohorivka) Battle of Krasnohorivka  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Ocheretyne) (Battle of Ocheretyne) Battle of Ocheretyne  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Toretsk) (Battle of Toretsk) Battle of Toretsk  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pokrovsk_offensive) (Pokrovsk offensive) Pokrovsk offensive  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Kurakhove) (Battle of Kurakhove) Battle of Kurakhove  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novopavlivka_offensive) (Novopavlivka offensive) Novopavlivka offensive  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dobropillia_offensive) (Dobropillia offensive) Dobropillia offensive      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_front_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) (Northern front of the Russian invasion of Ukraine) Northern Ukraine  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capture_of_Chernobyl) (Capture of Chernobyl) Capture of Chernobyl  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Kyiv_convoy) (Russian Kyiv convoy) Russian Kyiv convoy  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Kyiv_(2022)) (Battle of Kyiv (2022)) Battle of Kyiv (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Antonov_Airport) (Battle of Antonov Airport) Battle of Antonov Airport  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Hostomel) (Battle of Hostomel) Battle of Hostomel  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Bucha) (Battle of Bucha) Battle of Bucha  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Irpin) (Battle of Irpin) Battle of Irpin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Makariv) (Battle of Makariv) Battle of Makariv  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Moshchun) (Battle of Moshchun) Battle of Moshchun  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destruction_of_the_Kozarovychi_Dam) (Destruction of the Kozarovychi Dam) Destruction of the Kozarovychi Dam  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Brovary) (Battle of Brovary) Battle of Brovary    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Slavutych) (Battle of Slavutych) Battle of Slavutych  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Sumy) (Battle of Sumy) Battle of Sumy  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Chernihiv) (Siege of Chernihiv) Siege of Chernihiv  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northeastern_Ukraine–Russia_border_skirmishes) (Northeastern Ukraine–Russia border skirmishes) Northeastern border skirmishes (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Sumy_offensive) (2025 Sumy offensive) 2025 Sumy offensive        (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attacks_in_Russia_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war_(2022–present)) (Attacks in Russia during the Russo-Ukrainian war (2022–present)) Russia  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Bryansk_Oblast_raid) (2023 Bryansk Oblast raid) Bryansk Oblast raid  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kremlin_drone_attack) (Kremlin drone attack) Kremlin drone attack  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/30_May_2023_Moscow_drone_strikes) (30 May 2023 Moscow drone strikes) Moscow drone strikes  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Belgorod_Oblast_incursions) (2023 Belgorod Oblast incursions) 2023 Belgorod Oblast incursions  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/30_December_2023_Belgorod_shelling) (30 December 2023 Belgorod shelling) 30 December 2023 Belgorod shelling  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_2024_Belgorod_missile_strike) (February 2024 Belgorod missile strike) February 2024 Belgorod missile strike  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_2024_Belgorod_missile_strike) (May 2024 Belgorod missile strike) May 2024 Belgorod missile strike  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_2024_western_Russia_incursion) (March 2024 western Russia incursion) March 2024 western Russia incursion  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kursk_campaign) (Kursk campaign) Kursk campaign (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_occupation_of_Kursk_Oblast) (Ukrainian occupation of Kursk Oblast) occupation    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toropets_depot_explosions) (Toropets depot explosions) Toropets depot explosions  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Tuapse_oil_terminal_attack) (2026 Tuapse oil terminal attack) Tuapse oil terminal attack  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_strikes_on_Wildberries_warehouses) (Ukrainian strikes on Wildberries warehouses) Ukrainian strikes on Wildberries warehouses      Airstrikes by city (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chernihiv_strikes_(2022–present)) (Chernihiv strikes (2022–present)) Chernihiv strikes  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dnipro_strikes_(2022–present)) (Dnipro strikes (2022–present)) Dnipro strikes  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shelling_of_Huliaipole) (Shelling of Huliaipole) Huliaipole strikes  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivano-Frankivsk_strikes_(2022–present)) (Ivano-Frankivsk strikes (2022–present)) Ivano-Frankivsk strikes  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kharkiv_strikes_(2022–present)) (Kharkiv strikes (2022–present)) Kharkiv strikes  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kherson_strikes_(2022–present)) (Kherson strikes (2022–present)) Kherson strikes  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khmelnytskyi_strikes_(2022–present)) (Khmelnytskyi strikes (2022–present)) Khmelnytskyi strikes  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kryvyi_Rih_strikes_(2022–present)) (Kryvyi Rih strikes (2022–present)) Kryvyi Rih strikes  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyiv_strikes_(2022–present)) (Kyiv strikes (2022–present)) Kyiv strikes  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lviv_strikes_(2022–present)) (Lviv strikes (2022–present)) Lviv strikes  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mykolaiv_strikes_(2022–present)) (Mykolaiv strikes (2022–present)) Mykolaiv strikes  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odesa_strikes_(2022–present)) (Odesa strikes (2022–present)) Odesa strikes  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rivne_strikes_(2022–present)) (Rivne strikes (2022–present)) Rivne strikes  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinnytsia_strikes_(2022–present)) (Vinnytsia strikes (2022–present)) Vinnytsia strikes  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaporizhzhia_strikes_(2022–present)) (Zaporizhzhia strikes (2022–present)) Zaporizhzhia strikes  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhytomyr_attacks_(2022–present)) (Zhytomyr attacks (2022–present)) Zhytomyr strikes      Airstrikes on military targets (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuhuiv_air_base_attack) (Chuhuiv air base attack) Chuhuiv air base attack  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millerovo_air_base_attack) (Millerovo air base attack) Millerovo air base attack  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Chornobaivka_attacks) (2022 Chornobaivka attacks) Chornobaivka attacks  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/7_March_2022_Mykolaiv_military_barracks_attack) (7 March 2022 Mykolaiv military barracks attack) 7 March 2022 Mykolaiv military barracks attack  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yavoriv_military_base_attack) (Yavoriv military base attack) Yavoriv military base attack  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/18_March_2022_Mykolaiv_military_quarters_attack) (18 March 2022 Mykolaiv military quarters attack) 18 March 2022 Mykolaiv military quarters attack  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Berdiansk_port_attack) (2022 Berdiansk port attack) Berdiansk port attack  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinking_of_the_Moskva) (Sinking of the Moskva) Sinking of the Moskva   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desna_barracks_airstrike) (Desna barracks airstrike) Desna barracks airstrike  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_attack_on_Nova_Kakhovka) (2022 attack on Nova Kakhovka) Attack on Nova Kakhovka  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crimea_attacks) (Crimea attacks) Crimea attacks (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Saky_air_base_attack) (2022 Saky air base attack) Saky air base attack  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_drone_attack_on_the_Sevastopol_Naval_Base) (2022 drone attack on the Sevastopol Naval Base) Drone attack on the Sevastopol Naval Base  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missile_strike_on_the_Black_Sea_Fleet_headquarters) (Missile strike on the Black Sea Fleet headquarters) Missile strike on the Black Sea Fleet headquarters    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyagilevo_and_Engels_air_bases_attacks) (Dyagilevo and Engels air bases attacks) Dyagilevo and Engels air bases attacks  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makiivka_military_quarters_shelling) (Makiivka military quarters shelling) Makiivka military quarters shelling  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machulishchy_air_base_attack) (Machulishchy air base attack) Machulishchy air base attack  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zarichne_barracks_airstrike) (Zarichne barracks airstrike) Zarichne barracks airstrike  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Spiderweb) (Operation Spiderweb) Operation Spiderweb  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_strike_campaign) (Middle strike campaign) Middle strike campaign      Resistance  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_resistance_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) (Ukrainian resistance during the Russian invasion of Ukraine) Russian-occupied Ukraine  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popular_Resistance_of_Ukraine) (Popular Resistance of Ukraine) Popular Resistance of Ukraine  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berdiansk_Partisan_Army) (Berdiansk Partisan Army) Berdiansk Partisan Army  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_Ribbon_(movement)) (Yellow Ribbon (movement)) Yellow Ribbon  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atesh) (Atesh) Atesh      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarusian_partisan_movement_(2020–present)) (Belarusian partisan movement (2020–present)) Belarusian and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_partisan_movement_(2022–present)) (Russian partisan movement (2022–present)) Russian partisans  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination_of_Vladlen_Tatarsky) (Assassination of Vladlen Tatarsky) Assassination of Vladlen Tatarsky  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civic_Council_(Armed_Forces_of_Ukraine)) (Civic Council (Armed Forces of Ukraine)) Civic Council  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irpin_Declaration) (Irpin Declaration) Irpin Declaration  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darya_Dugina#Killing) (Darya Dugina) Killing of Darya Dugina (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Republican_Army_(Russia)) (National Republican Army (Russia)) National Republican Army    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_military_commissariats_attacks) (Russian military commissariats attacks) Military commissariats arsons (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ust-Ilimsk_military_commissariat_shooting) (Ust-Ilimsk military commissariat shooting) Ust-Ilimsk military commissariat shooting  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Bridge_(Russia)) (Black Bridge (Russia)) Black Bridge    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_war_in_Russia_(2022–present)) (Rail war in Russia (2022–present)) Rail war in Russia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_the_Wagons) (Stop the Wagons) Stop the Wagons  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combat_Organization_of_Anarcho-Communists) (Combat Organization of Anarcho-Communists) Combat Organization of Anarcho-Communists    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rail_war_in_Belarus_(2022–present)) (Rail war in Belarus (2022–present)) Rail war in Belarus (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Busly_liaciać) (Busly liaciać) Busly liaciać  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BYPOL) (BYPOL) BYPOL  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Community_of_Railway_Workers_of_Belarus) (Community of Railway Workers of Belarus) Community of Railway Workers  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyber_Partisans) (Cyber Partisans) Cyber Partisans             Russian occupations  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flags_used_in_Russian-occupied_Ukraine) (Flags used in Russian-occupied Ukraine) Flags used in Russian-occupied Ukraine      Ongoing (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_annexation_referendums_in_Russian-occupied_Ukraine) (2022 annexation referendums in Russian-occupied Ukraine) Annexation referendums  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_annexation_of_Donetsk,_Kherson,_Luhansk_and_Zaporizhzhia_oblasts) (Russian annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts) Annexation of Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia oblasts  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_elections_in_Russian-occupied_Ukraine) (2023 elections in Russian-occupied Ukraine) Elections in Russian-occupied Ukraine  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian-occupied_territories_of_Ukraine) (Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine) Russian-occupied territories of Ukraine (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Crimea) (Russian occupation of Crimea) Autonomous Republic of Crimea and Sevastopol  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donetsk_People's_Republic) (Donetsk People's Republic) Donetsk Oblast  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Kharkiv_Oblast) (Russian occupation of Kharkiv Oblast) Kharkiv Oblast  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Kherson_Oblast) (Russian occupation of Kherson Oblast) Kherson Oblast  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luhansk_People's_Republic) (Luhansk People's Republic) Luhansk Oblast  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Mykolaiv_Oblast) (Russian occupation of Mykolaiv Oblast) Mykolaiv Oblast  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Zaporizhzhia_Oblast) (Russian occupation of Zaporizhzhia Oblast) Zaporizhzhia Oblast  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Sumy_Oblast) (Russian occupation of Sumy Oblast) Sumy Oblast (2025, reentry)       Previous (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Chernihiv_Oblast) (Russian occupation of Chernihiv Oblast) Chernihiv Oblast  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Kyiv_Oblast) (Russian occupation of Kyiv Oblast) Kyiv Oblast  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snake_Island_campaign) (Snake Island campaign) Odesa Oblast  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Sumy_Oblast) (Russian occupation of Sumy Oblast) Sumy Oblast (2022) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_occupation_of_Zhytomyr_Oblast) (Russian occupation of Zhytomyr Oblast) Zhytomyr Oblast           Potentially related (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Black_Sea_drone_incident) (2023 Black Sea drone incident) Black Sea drone incident  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Russia_bridge_collapses) (2025 Russia bridge collapses) Bridge collapses in Russia  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_mystery_fires) (Russian mystery fires) Russian mystery fires  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Transnistria_attacks) (2022 Transnistria attacks) Transnistria attacks  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Zagreb_Tu-141_crash) (2022 Zagreb Tu-141 crash) Zagreb Tu-141 crash      Other Crimean Bridge explosions (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Crimean_Bridge_explosion) (2022 Crimean Bridge explosion) 2022  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Crimean_Bridge_explosion) (2023 Crimean Bridge explosion) 2023  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Crimean_Bridge_explosion) (2025 Crimean Bridge explosion) 2025    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination_attempts_on_Volodymyr_Zelenskyy) (Assassination attempts on Volodymyr Zelenskyy) Assassination attempts on Volodymyr Zelenskyy  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prelude_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine#2022_Ukrainian_coup_d'état_attempt) (Prelude to the Russian invasion of Ukraine) Coup d'état attempt in Ukraine  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bridges_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War) (Bridges in the Russo-Ukrainian War) Bridges in the Russo-Ukrainian War  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon_drone) (Dragon drone) Dragon drone  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violations_of_non-combatant_airspace_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war_(2022–present)) (Violations of non-combatant airspace during the Russo-Ukrainian war (2022–present)) Violations of non-combatant airspace (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_missile_explosion_in_Poland) (2022 missile explosion in Poland) 2022 missile explosion in Poland  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Russian_drone_incursion_into_Poland) (2025 Russian drone incursion into Poland) 2025 drone incursion into Poland  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Ukrainian_drone_incursions_into_Baltic_states) (2026 Ukrainian drone incursions into Baltic states) 2026 drone incursion into Baltic states  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Eastern_Sentry) (Operation Eastern Sentry) Operation Eastern Sentry    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_drone_incidents_in_Romania) (2026 drone incidents in Romania) 2026 drone incidents in Romania  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Synytsia) (Operation Synytsia) Operation Synytsia  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine_and_electronic_warfare) (Ukraine and electronic warfare) Ukraine and electronic warfare  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Use_of_long-range_weapons_by_Ukraine_in_Russia) (Use of long-range weapons by Ukraine in Russia) Use of long-range weapons by Ukraine in Russia  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Ukrainian_counteroffensive) (2023 Ukrainian counteroffensive) 2023 Ukrainian counteroffensive  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Ukrainian_cyberattacks_against_Russia) (2024 Ukrainian cyberattacks against Russia) 2024 Ukrainian cyberattacks against Russia  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wagner_Group_rebellion) (Wagner Group rebellion) Wagner Group rebellion            (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_crimes_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war_(2022–present)) (War crimes in the Russo-Ukrainian war (2022–present)) War crimes    General (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accusations_of_genocide_in_Donbas) (Accusations of genocide in Donbas) Accusations of genocide in Donbas  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegations_of_genocide_of_Ukrainians_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) (Allegations of genocide of Ukrainians in the Russian invasion of Ukraine) Allegations of genocide of Ukrainians (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_abductions_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War) (Child abductions in the Russo-Ukrainian War) child abductions    Attacks (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_strikes_on_hospitals_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) (Russian strikes on hospitals during the Russian invasion of Ukraine) on hospitals  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_strikes_against_Ukrainian_infrastructure) (Russian strikes against Ukrainian infrastructure) on infrastructures    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Use_of_cluster_munitions_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) (Use of cluster munitions in the Russian invasion of Ukraine) Cluster munitions  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Use_of_incendiary_weapons_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War) (Use of incendiary weapons in the Russo-Ukrainian War) Incendiary weapons  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landmines_in_Ukraine) (Landmines in Ukraine) Landmines  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_filtration_camps_for_Ukrainians) (Russian filtration camps for Ukrainians) Russian filtration camps  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_usage_of_mobile_crematoriums_in_Ukraine) (Russian usage of mobile crematoriums in Ukraine) Russian mobile crematoriums  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Russian_theft_of_Ukrainian_grain) (2022 Russian theft of Ukrainian grain) Russian theft of Ukrainian grain  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_torture_chambers_in_Ukraine) (Russian torture chambers in Ukraine) Russian torture chambers  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Looting_by_Russian_forces_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) (Looting by Russian forces during the Russian invasion of Ukraine) Looting  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_violence_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) (Sexual violence in the Russian invasion of Ukraine) Sexual violence  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treatment_of_prisoners_of_war_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) (Treatment of prisoners of war in the Russian invasion of Ukraine) Mistreatment of prisoners of war      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attacks_on_civilians_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) (Attacks on civilians in the Russian invasion of Ukraine) Attacks on civilians  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_2022_Kharkiv_cluster_bombing) (February 2022 Kharkiv cluster bombing) February 2022 Kharkiv cluster bombing  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kharkiv_government_building_airstrike) (Kharkiv government building airstrike) Kharkiv government building airstrike  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3_March_2022_Chernihiv_bombing) (3 March 2022 Chernihiv bombing) 3 March Chernihiv bombing  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irpin_refugee_column_shelling) (Irpin refugee column shelling) Irpin refugee column shelling  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariupol_hospital_airstrike) (Mariupol hospital airstrike) Mariupol hospital airstrike  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stara_Krasnianka_care_house_attack) (Stara Krasnianka care house attack) Stara Krasnianka care house attack  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mykolaiv_cluster_bombing) (Mykolaiv cluster bombing) Mykolaiv cluster bombing  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_2022_Donetsk_attack) (March 2022 Donetsk attack) March 2022 Donetsk attack  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombing_of_Borodianka) (Bombing of Borodianka) 2022 Borodianka airstrikes  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/16_March_2022_Chernihiv_breadline_attack) (16 March 2022 Chernihiv breadline attack) Chernihiv breadline attack  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mariupol_theatre_airstrike) (Mariupol theatre airstrike) Mariupol theatre airstrike  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyiv_shopping_centre_bombing) (Kyiv shopping centre bombing) Kyiv shopping centre bombing  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumykhimprom_ammonia_leak) (Sumykhimprom ammonia leak) Sumykhimprom ammonia leak  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March_2022_Kharkiv_cluster_bombing) (March 2022 Kharkiv cluster bombing) March 2022 Kharkiv cluster bombing  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mykolaiv_government_building_missile_strike) (Mykolaiv government building missile strike) Mykolaiv government building missile strike  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucha_massacre) (Bucha massacre) Bucha massacre  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kramatorsk_railway_station_attack) (Kramatorsk railway station attack) Kramatorsk railway station attack  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_2022_Kharkiv_cluster_bombing) (April 2022 Kharkiv cluster bombing) April 2022 Kharkiv cluster bombing  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilohorivka_school_bombing) (Bilohorivka school bombing) Bilohorivka school bombing  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shooting_of_Andrii_Bohomaz) (Shooting of Andrii Bohomaz) Shooting of Andrii Bohomaz  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maisky_Market_attack) (Maisky Market attack) Maisky Market attack  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kremenchuk_shopping_mall_attack) (Kremenchuk shopping mall attack) Kremenchuk shopping mall attack  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serhiivka_missile_strike) (Serhiivka missile strike) Serhiivka missile strike  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chasiv_Yar_missile_strike) (Chasiv Yar missile strike) Chasiv Yar missile strike  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olenivka_prison_massacre) (Olenivka prison massacre) Olenivka prison massacre  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kharkiv_dormitories_missile_strike) (Kharkiv dormitories missile strike) Kharkiv dormitories missile strike  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaplyne_railway_station_attack) (Chaplyne railway station attack) Chaplyne railway station attack  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izium_mass_graves) (Izium mass graves) Izium mass graves  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_2022_Donetsk_attack) (September 2022 Donetsk attack) September 2022 Donetsk attack  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaporizhzhia_civilian_convoy_attack) (Zaporizhzhia civilian convoy attack) Zaporizhzhia civilian convoy attack  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kupiansk_civilian_convoy_shelling) (Kupiansk civilian convoy shelling) Kupiansk civilian convoy shelling  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Zaporizhzhia_residential_building_airstrike) (2022 Zaporizhzhia residential building airstrike) Zaporizhzhia residential building airstrike  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_strikes_against_Ukrainian_infrastructure_(2022–present)) (Russian strikes against Ukrainian infrastructure (2022–present)) Russian strikes against Ukrainian infrastructure  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Dnipro_residential_building_airstrike) (2023 Dnipro residential building airstrike) 2023 Dnipro residential building airstrike  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/April_2023_Sloviansk_airstrike) (April 2023 Sloviansk airstrike) Sloviansk airstrike  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Uman_missile_strike) (2023 Uman missile strike) Uman missile strike  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Kramatorsk_restaurant_missile_strike) (2023 Kramatorsk restaurant missile strike) Kramatorsk restaurant missile strike  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyman_cluster_bombing) (Lyman cluster bombing) Lyman cluster bombing  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Pokrovsk_missile_strike) (2023 Pokrovsk missile strike) 2023 Pokrovsk missile strike  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_2023_Chernihiv_missile_strike) (August 2023 Chernihiv missile strike) Chernihiv missile strike  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_2023_Kostiantynivka_missile_strike) (September 2023 Kostiantynivka missile strike) Kostiantynivka missile strike  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hroza_missile_attack) (Hroza missile attack) Hroza missile attack  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volnovakha_massacre) (Volnovakha massacre) Volnovakha massacre  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/29_December_2023_Russian_strikes_on_Ukraine) (29 December 2023 Russian strikes on Ukraine) December 2023 strikes  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Pokrovsk_missile_strike) (2024 Pokrovsk missile strike) 2024 Pokrovsk missile strike  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Donetsk_attack) (2024 Donetsk attack) 2024 Donetsk attack  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Lysychansk_missile_strike) (2024 Lysychansk missile strike) Lysychansk missile strike  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/6_March_2024_Odesa_strike) (6 March 2024 Odesa strike) 6 March 2024 Odesa strike  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/22_March_2024_Russian_strikes_on_Ukraine) (22 March 2024 Russian strikes on Ukraine) March 2024 strikes  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_safari_(terror_campaign)) (Human safari (terror campaign)) Human safari (terror campaign)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/25_May_2024_Kharkiv_missile_strikes) (25 May 2024 Kharkiv missile strikes) May 2024 Kharkiv strikes  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyiv_children's_hospital_airstrike) (Kyiv children's hospital airstrike) 8 July 2024 strikes  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Kostiantynivka_supermarket_missile_attack) (2024 Kostiantynivka supermarket missile attack) 2024 Kostiantynivka supermarket missile attack  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/26_August_2024_Russian_strikes_on_Ukraine) (26 August 2024 Russian strikes on Ukraine) 26 August 2024 strikes  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_2024_Poltava_strike) (September 2024 Poltava strike) September 2024 Poltava strike  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/17_November_2024_Russian_strikes_on_Ukraine) (17 November 2024 Russian strikes on Ukraine) November 2024 strikes  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February_2025_Poltava_strike) (February 2025 Poltava strike) February 2025 Poltava strike  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chernobyl_Nuclear_Power_Plant_drone_strike) (Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant drone strike) Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant drone strike  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Sumy_airstrike) (2025 Sumy airstrike) 2025 Sumy airstrike  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Yarova_attack) (2025 Yarova attack) 2025 Yarova attack  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Ternopil_apartment_strike) (2025 Ternopil apartment strike) 2025 Ternopil attack  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Khorly_strike) (2025 Khorly strike) 2025 Khorly strike  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/14_May_2026_Russian_strikes_on_Ukraine) (14 May 2026 Russian strikes on Ukraine) 14 May 2026 strikes  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Starobilsk_strike) (2026 Starobilsk strike) 2026 Starobilsk strike      Crimes against soldiers (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torture_of_Russian_soldiers_in_Mala_Rohan) (Torture of Russian soldiers in Mala Rohan) Torture of Russian soldiers in Mala Rohan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torture_and_castration_of_a_Ukrainian_POW_in_Pryvillia) (Torture and castration of a Ukrainian POW in Pryvillia) Torture and castration of a Ukrainian POW in Pryvillia  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rape_of_Donetsk_People's_Republic_soldiers_by_Kadyrovites) (Rape of Donetsk People's Republic soldiers by Kadyrovites) Rape of Donetsk People's Republic soldiers by Kadyrovites  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder_of_Yevgeny_Nuzhin) (Murder of Yevgeny Nuzhin) Murder of Yevgeny Nuzhin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makiivka_surrender_incident) (Makiivka surrender incident) Makiivka surrender incident  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Execution_of_Oleksandr_Matsievskyi) (Execution of Oleksandr Matsievskyi) Execution of Oleksandr Matsievskyi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Ukrainian_prisoner_of_war_beheading) (2022 Ukrainian prisoner of war beheading) 2022 Ukrainian prisoner of war beheading      Legal cases (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_investigation_in_Ukraine) (International Criminal Court investigation in Ukraine) ICC investigation (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Criminal_Court_arrest_warrants_for_Russian_figures) (International Criminal Court arrest warrants for Russian figures) Arrest warrants    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine_v._Russian_Federation_(2022)) (Ukraine v. Russian Federation (2022)) ICJ court case  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Task_Force_on_Accountability_for_Crimes_Committed_in_Ukraine) (Task Force on Accountability for Crimes Committed in Ukraine) Task Force on Accountability  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_jurisdiction_investigations_of_war_crimes_in_Ukraine) (Universal jurisdiction investigations of war crimes in Ukraine) Universal jurisdiction  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_Tribunal_for_the_Crime_of_Aggression_against_Ukraine) (Special Tribunal for the Crime of Aggression against Ukraine) Crime of aggression tribunal  Criminal proceedings (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trial_of_Vadim_Shishimarin) (Trial of Vadim Shishimarin) Vadim Shishimarin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trial_of_Alexander_Bobikin_and_Alexander_Ivanov) (Trial of Alexander Bobikin and Alexander Ivanov) Alexander Bobikin and Alexander Ivanov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trial_of_Anton_Cherednik) (Trial of Anton Cherednik) Anton Cherednik              (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reactions_to_the_2022_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) (Reactions to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine) Reactions    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_and_intergovernmental_reactions_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) (Government and intergovernmental reactions to the Russian invasion of Ukraine) States and official entities   General (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_sanctions_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) (International sanctions during the Russian invasion of Ukraine) Sanctions (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_people_and_organizations_sanctioned_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War) (List of people and organizations sanctioned during the Russo-Ukrainian War) people and organizations  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restrictions_on_transit_to_Kaliningrad_Oblast) (Restrictions on transit to Kaliningrad Oblast) restrictions on transit to Kaliningrad Oblast    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_military_aid_to_Ukraine_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War) (List of military aid to Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War) Military aid (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union_Military_Assistance_Mission_in_support_of_Ukraine) (European Union Military Assistance Mission in support of Ukraine) European Union Military Assistance Mission in support of Ukraine  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People's_Bayraktar) (People's Bayraktar) People's Bayraktar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signmyrocket.com) (Signmyrocket.com) Signmyrocket.com    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_humanitarian_aid_to_Ukraine_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War) (List of humanitarian aid to Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War) Humanitarian aid  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yachts_impacted_by_international_sanctions_following_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) (Yachts impacted by international sanctions following the Russian invasion of Ukraine) Sanctioned yachts  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Russia_since_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) (Foreign relations of Russia since the Russian invasion of Ukraine) Relations with Russia      Ukraine (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine–NATO_relations) (Ukraine–NATO relations) Application to NATO  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Be_Brave_Like_Ukraine) (Be Brave Like Ukraine) Be Brave Like Ukraine  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brave1) (Brave1) Brave1  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bring_Kids_Back_UA) (Bring Kids Back UA) Bring Kids Back UA  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_Ukraine_"On_the_Protection_of_the_Constitutional_Order_in_the_Field_of_Activities_of_Religious_Organizations") (Law of Ukraine "On the Protection of the Constitutional Order in the Field of Activities of Religious Organizations") Ban on Russia-associated religious groups  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordination_Headquarters_for_the_Treatment_of_Prisoners_of_War) (Coordination Headquarters for the Treatment of Prisoners of War) Coordination Headquarters for the Treatment of Prisoners of War  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Condemnation_and_Prohibition_of_Propaganda_of_Russian_Imperial_Policy_in_Ukraine_and_the_Decolonization_of_Toponymy) (On the Condemnation and Prohibition of Propaganda of Russian Imperial Policy in Ukraine and the Decolonization of Toponymy) Decolonization and derussification law  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta_(situational_awareness_system)) (Delta (situational awareness system)) Delta  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destroyed_Russian_military_equipment_exhibition) (Destroyed Russian military equipment exhibition) Destroyed Russian military equipment exhibition  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/For_Courage_and_Bravery_(Ukraine)) (For Courage and Bravery (Ukraine)) For Courage and Bravery (Ukraine)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grain_From_Ukraine_program) (Grain From Ukraine program) Grain From Ukraine  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headquarters_of_the_Supreme_Commander-in-Chief) (Headquarters of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief) Headquarters of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hero_City_of_Ukraine) (Hero City of Ukraine) Hero City  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Want_to_Live_(hotline)) (I Want to Live (hotline)) I Want to Live  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Legion_(Ukraine)) (International Legion (Ukraine)) International Legion and other foreign units (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarusian_Volunteer_Corps) (Belarusian Volunteer Corps) Belarusian Volunteer Corps (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terror_Battalion) (Terror Battalion) Terror Battalion    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Maple_Company) (Black Maple Company) Black Maple Company  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian-Ukrainian_Brigade) (Canadian-Ukrainian Brigade) Canadian-Ukrainian Brigade  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_Russia_Legion) (Freedom of Russia Legion) Freedom of Russia Legion  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Volunteer_Corps) (German Volunteer Corps) German Volunteer Corps  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karelian_National_Battalion) (Karelian National Battalion) Karelian National Battalion  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kastuś_Kalinoŭski_Regiment) (Kastuś Kalinoŭski Regiment) Kastuś Kalinoŭski Regiment  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norman_Brigade) (Norman Brigade) Norman Brigade  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pahonia_Regiment) (Pahonia Regiment) Pahonia Regiment  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_Volunteer_Corps) (Polish Volunteer Corps) Polish Volunteer Corps  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanian_Battlegroup_Getica) (Romanian Battlegroup Getica) Romanian Battlegroup Getica  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Volunteer_Corps) (Russian Volunteer Corps) Russian Volunteer Corps  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separate_Special_Purpose_Battalion) (Separate Special Purpose Battalion) Separate Special Purpose Battalion  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sibir_Battalion) (Sibir Battalion) Sibir Battalion  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turan_Battalion) (Turan Battalion) Turan Battalion    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Sponsors_of_War) (International Sponsors of War) International Sponsors of War  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_on_forced_confiscation_of_Russian_property_in_Ukraine?action=edit&redlink=1) (Law on forced confiscation of Russian property in Ukraine (page does not exist)) Forced confiscation law of Russian property  [ (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Украинский%20закон%20о%20принудительном%20изъятии%20имущества%20резидентов%20РФ) (ru:Украинский закон о принудительном изъятии имущества резидентов РФ) ru ; (https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Український%20закон%20про%20примусове%20вилучення%20майна%20резидентів%20РФ) (uk:Український закон про примусове вилучення майна резидентів РФ) uk ]   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Look_for_Your_Own) (Look for Your Own) Look for Your Own  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lukoil_oil_transit_dispute) (Lukoil oil transit dispute) Lukoil sanctions  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martial_law_in_Ukraine#2022_martial_law) (Martial law in Ukraine) Martial law  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobilization_in_Ukraine#2022) (Mobilization in Ukraine) Mobilization  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_Center_Ukraine) (Media Center Ukraine) Media Center Ukraine  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Council_for_the_Recovery_of_Ukraine_from_the_War?action=edit&redlink=1) (National Council for the Recovery of Ukraine from the War (page does not exist)) National Council for the Recovery of Ukraine from the War  [ (https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Національна%20рада%20з%20відновлення%20України%20від%20наслідків%20війни) (uk:Національна рада з відновлення України від наслідків війни) uk ]   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Multi-Subject_Test?action=edit&redlink=1) (National Multi-Subject Test (page does not exist)) National Multi-Subject Test  [ (https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Національний%20мультипредметний%20тест) (uk:Національний мультипредметний тест) uk ]   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea–Ukraine_relations) (North Korea–Ukraine relations) North Korea–Ukraine relations  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Points_of_Invincibility) (Points of Invincibility) Points of Invincibility  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_recognition_of_the_Chechen_Republic_of_Ichkeria) (Ukrainian recognition of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria) Recognition of Ichkeria  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rescuer_City) (Rescuer City) Rescuer City  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Save_Ukrainian_Culture?action=edit&redlink=1) (Save Ukrainian Culture (page does not exist)) Save Ukrainian Culture  [ (https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Збережіть%20українську%20культуру) (uk:Збережіть українську культуру) uk ]   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria–Ukraine_relations) (Syria–Ukraine relations) Syria–Ukraine relations  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_Freedom_Orchestra) (Ukrainian Freedom Orchestra) Ukrainian Freedom Orchestra  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United24) (United24) United24  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_News_(telethon)) (United News (telethon)) United News       Russia highways in the annexed territories (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A290_highway_(Russia)) (A290 highway (Russia)) A290  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tavrida_Highway) (Tavrida Highway) A291 "Tavrida"  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R260_highway_(Russia)) (R260 highway (Russia)) R260  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R280_highway_(Russia)) (R280 highway (Russia)) R280 "Novorossiya"    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Moscow_rally) (2022 Moscow rally) 2022 Moscow rally  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Moscow_Victory_Day_Parade) (2022 Moscow Victory Day Parade) 2022 Moscow Victory Day Parade  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Moscow_rally) (2023 Moscow rally) 2023 Moscow rally  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Presidential_Address_to_the_Federal_Assembly) (2023 Presidential Address to the Federal Assembly) 2023 Presidential Address to the Federal Assembly  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Moscow_Victory_Day_Parade) (2023 Moscow Victory Day Parade) 2023 Moscow Victory Day Parade  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Moscow_Victory_Day_Parade) (2024 Moscow Victory Day Parade) 2024 Moscow Victory Day Parade  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Moscow_Victory_Day_Parade) (2025 Moscow Victory Day Parade) 2025 Moscow Victory Day Parade  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Moscow_Victory_Day_Parade) (2026 Moscow Victory Day Parade) 2026 Moscow Victory Day Parade (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decree_374/2026) (Decree 374/2026) Decree 374/2026    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_blockade_of_Ukraine?action=edit&redlink=1) (Russian blockade of Ukraine (page does not exist)) Blockade of Ukraine  [ (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Российская%20блокада%20украинских%20портов) (ru:Российская блокада украинских портов) ru ]   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bohdan_Khmelnytsky_Battalion) (Bohdan Khmelnytsky Battalion) Bohdan Khmelnytsky Battalion  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Censorship_in_Russia_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine?action=edit&redlink=1) (Censorship in Russia during the Russian invasion of Ukraine (page does not exist)) Censorship in Russia  [ (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Цензура%20в%20России%20во%20время%20вторжения%20на%20Украину) (ru:Цензура в России во время вторжения на Украину) ru ]   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chechen_involvement_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) (Chechen involvement in the Russian invasion of Ukraine) Chechnya (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chechen_volunteers_on_the_side_of_Ukraine) (Chechen volunteers on the side of Ukraine) Pro-Ukrainian Chechen fighters    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commemorative_Medal_"Participant_of_a_Special_Military_Operation") (Commemorative Medal "Participant of a Special Military Operation") Commemorative Medal "Participant of a Special Military Operation"  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conversations_about_Important_Things) (Conversations about Important Things) Conversations about Important Things   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krasovsky_case) (Krasovsky case) Krasovsky case  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legalization_of_parallel_imports_in_Russia?action=edit&redlink=1) (Legalization of parallel imports in Russia (page does not exist)) Legalization of parallel imports  [ (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Легализация%20параллельного%20импорта%20в%20России) (ru:Легализация параллельного импорта в России) ru ]   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manifesto_of_the_South_Russian_People's_Council) (Manifesto of the South Russian People's Council) Manifesto of the South Russian People's Council  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Russian_martial_law) (2022 Russian martial law) Martial law  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masha_Moskalyova_case) (Masha Moskalyova case) Masha Moskalyova case  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolis_of_Crimea) (Metropolis of Crimea) Metropolis of Crimea  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Simonov_case) (Mikhail Simonov case) Mikhail Simonov case  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Russian_mobilization) (2022 Russian mobilization) Mobilization (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_irregular_forces_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine?action=edit&redlink=1) (Russian irregular forces during the Russian invasion of Ukraine (page does not exist)) Recruitment of irregular forces  [ (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Нерегулярные%20вооружённые%20силы,%20участвующие%20во%20вторжении%20России%20на%20Украину) (ru:Нерегулярные вооружённые силы, участвующие во вторжении России на Украину) ru ]   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Penza_Oblast_mobilisation) (2026 Penza Oblast mobilisation) Penza Oblast    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doppelganger_(disinformation_campaign)) (Doppelganger (disinformation campaign)) Operation Doppelgänger  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opinion_polling_in_Russia_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine?action=edit&redlink=1) (Opinion polling in Russia during the Russian invasion of Ukraine (page does not exist)) Opinion polling  [ (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Социологические%20опросы%20в%20России%20во%20время%20вторжения%20на%20Украину) (ru:Социологические опросы в России во время вторжения на Украину) ru ]   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Russian_Christmas_truce_proposal) (2023 Russian Christmas truce proposal) Orthodox Christmas truce proposal  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wagner_Group–Ministry_of_Defense_conflict) (Wagner Group–Ministry of Defense conflict) Wagner Group–Ministry of Defense conflict  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appeal_of_the_Clergy_of_the_Russian_Orthodox_Church_for_Reconciliation_and_an_End_to_War) (Appeal of the Clergy of the Russian Orthodox Church for Reconciliation and an End to War) Russian Orthodox clergymen appeal against war  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvation_Committee_for_Peace_and_Order) (Salvation Committee for Peace and Order) Salvation Committee for Peace and Order  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_Coordinating_Council_for_Security_Enhancement) (Special Coordinating Council for Security Enhancement) Special Coordinating Council  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine_bioweapons_conspiracy_theory) (Ukraine bioweapons conspiracy theory) Ukraine bioweapons conspiracy theory  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unfriendly_countries_list) (Unfriendly countries list) Unfriendly countries list  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_2022_war_censorship_laws) (Russian 2022 war censorship laws) War censorship laws  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/We_Are_Together._Sports) (We Are Together. Sports) We Are Together. Sports  "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/What_Russia_Should_Do_with_Ukraine) (What Russia Should Do with Ukraine) What Russia Should Do with Ukraine "     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) (United States and the Russian invasion of Ukraine) United States  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Joe_Biden_speech_in_Warsaw) (2022 Joe Biden speech in Warsaw) 2022 Joe Biden speech in Warsaw  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_State_of_the_Union_Address) (2022 State of the Union Address) 2022 State of the Union Address  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consolidated_Appropriations_Act,_2022) (Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022) Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2022  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consolidated_Appropriations_Act,_2023) (Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023) Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2023  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discord_Leaks) (Discord Leaks) Discord Leaks  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disinformation_Governance_Board) (Disinformation Governance Board) Disinformation Governance Board  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive_Order_14071) (Executive Order 14071) Executive Order 14071  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Task_Force_KleptoCapture) (Task Force KleptoCapture) Task Force KleptoCapture  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine_Defense_Contact_Group) (Ukraine Defense Contact Group) Ukraine Defense Contact Group  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine_Democracy_Defense_Lend-Lease_Act_of_2022) (Ukraine Democracy Defense Lend-Lease Act of 2022) Ukraine Democracy Defense Lend-Lease Act  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine_Security_Assistance_Initiative) (Ukraine Security Assistance Initiative) Ukraine Security Assistance Initiative      Other countries and regions (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarusian_involvement_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war_(2022–present)) (Belarusian involvement in the Russo-Ukrainian war (2022–present)) Belarus  Canada (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada–Ukraine_authorization_for_emergency_travel) (Canada–Ukraine authorization for emergency travel) Canada–Ukraine authorization for emergency travel    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China_and_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war) (China and the Russo-Ukrainian war) China (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China's_Position_on_the_Political_Settlement_of_the_Ukrainian_Crisis) (China's Position on the Political Settlement of the Ukrainian Crisis) Chinese peace plan    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coalition_of_the_willing_(Russo-Ukrainian_war)) (Coalition of the willing (Russo-Ukrainian war)) Coalition of the willing  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Croatia_and_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war) (Croatia and the Russo-Ukrainian war) Croatia  Denmark (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Danish_European_Union_opt-out_referendum) (2022 Danish European Union opt-out referendum) Danish European Union defence opt-out referendum    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/France_and_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war?action=edit&redlink=1) (France and the Russo-Ukrainian war (page does not exist)) France (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mission_Aigle) (Mission Aigle) Mission Aigle    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) (Georgia and the Russian invasion of Ukraine) Georgia  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germany_and_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war?action=edit&redlink=1) (Germany and the Russo-Ukrainian war (page does not exist)) Germany (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Taurus_controversy) (German Taurus controversy) German Taurus controversy (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_Taurus_leak) (German Taurus leak) Taurus leak    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeitenwende_speech) (Zeitenwende speech) Zeitenwende speech    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) (Hong Kong and the Russian invasion of Ukraine) Hong Kong  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungary_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) (Hungary and the Russian invasion of Ukraine) Hungary  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) (India and the Russian invasion of Ukraine) India (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Ganga) (Operation Ganga) Operation Ganga    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran_and_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war_(2022–present)) (Iran and the Russo-Ukrainian war (2022–present)) Iran  Israel (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Israel_Guarantees) (Operation Israel Guarantees) Operation Israel Guarantees    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithuania_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) (Lithuania and the Russian invasion of Ukraine) Lithuania  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moldova_and_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war) (Moldova and the Russo-Ukrainian war) Moldova  New Zealand (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia_Sanctions_Act_2022) (Russia Sanctions Act 2022) Russia Sanctions Act    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) (North Korea and the Russian invasion of Ukraine) North Korea  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odesa_Triangle) (Odesa Triangle) Odesa Triangle  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland's_response_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) (Poland's response to the Russian invasion of Ukraine) Poland (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poland–Ukraine_border_crisis) (Poland–Ukraine border crisis) border crisis with Ukraine  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_Order_of_the_White_Eagle_controversy) (Polish Order of the White Eagle controversy) Order of the White Eagle controversy    Slovakia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovak_opposition_to_sanctions_on_Russia) (Slovak opposition to sanctions on Russia) opposition to sanctions on Russia    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine?action=edit&redlink=1) (Syria and the Russian invasion of Ukraine (page does not exist)) Syria  [ (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Сирия%20и%20вторжение%20России%20на%20Украину) (ru:Сирия и вторжение России на Украину) ru ]   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiwan_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) (Taiwan and the Russian invasion of Ukraine) Taiwan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) (United Kingdom and the Russian invasion of Ukraine) United Kingdom (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_Crime_(Transparency_and_Enforcement)_Act_2022) (Economic Crime (Transparency and Enforcement) Act 2022) Economic Crime Act  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homes_for_Ukraine) (Homes for Ukraine) Homes for Ukraine  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Interflex) (Operation Interflex) Operation Interflex  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_London_Summit_on_Ukraine) (2025 London Summit on Ukraine) 2025 London Summit on Ukraine        United Nations (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleventh_emergency_special_session_of_the_United_Nations_General_Assembly) (Eleventh emergency special session of the United Nations General Assembly) Emergency special session (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_ES-11/1) (United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/1) Resolution ES-11/1  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_ES-11/2) (United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/2) Resolution ES-11/2  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_ES-11/3) (United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/3) Resolution ES-11/3  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_ES-11/4) (United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/4) Resolution ES-11/4  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_ES-11/5) (United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/5) Resolution ES-11/5  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_ES-11/6) (United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/6) Resolution ES-11/6  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_ES-11/7) (United Nations General Assembly Resolution ES-11/7) Resolution ES-11/7    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_2623) (United Nations Security Council Resolution 2623) Security Council Resolution 2623  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_A/RES/77/229) (United Nations General Assembly Resolution A/RES/77/229) Resolution A/RES/77/229  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Easter_truce) (Easter truce) Easter truce      International organizations (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accession_of_Moldova_to_the_European_Union) (Accession of Moldova to the European Union) Accession of Moldova to the EU  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accession_of_Ukraine_to_the_European_Union) (Accession of Ukraine to the European Union) Accession of Ukraine to the EU  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Brussels_summit) (2022 Brussels summit) Brussels summit  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Political_Community) (European Political Community) European Political Community (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1st_European_Political_Community_Summit) (1st European Political Community Summit) 1st summit  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2nd_European_Political_Community_Summit) (2nd European Political Community Summit) 2nd summit  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3rd_European_Political_Community_Summit) (3rd European Political Community Summit) 3rd summit    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Madrid_summit) (2022 Madrid summit) Madrid summit  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_NATO_virtual_summit) (2022 NATO virtual summit) NATO virtual summit  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Oscar) (Operation Oscar) Operation Oscar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PACE_Platform_for_Dialogue_with_Russian_Democratic_Forces) (PACE Platform for Dialogue with Russian Democratic Forces) PACE Platform for Dialogue with Russian Democratic Forces  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Ramstein_Air_Base_meeting) (2022 Ramstein Air Base meeting) Ramstein Air Base meeting  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_EU–Ukraine_Summit) (2023 EU–Ukraine Summit) EU–Ukraine Summit  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/REPowerEU) (REPowerEU) REPowerEU  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steadfast_Defender_2024) (Steadfast Defender 2024) Steadfast Defender 2024  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SWIFT_ban_against_Russian_banks) (SWIFT ban against Russian banks) SWIFT ban against Russian banks  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine_Recovery_Conference) (Ukraine Recovery Conference) Ukraine Recovery Conference  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Versailles_declaration) (Versailles declaration) Versailles declaration  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Vilnius_summit) (2023 Vilnius summit) 2023 Vilnius summit  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/15th_BRICS_summit) (15th BRICS summit) 15th BRICS summit  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Washington_summit) (2024 Washington summit) 2024 Washington summit (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO_Washington_Summit_Declaration) (NATO Washington Summit Declaration) Declaration  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JATEC) (JATEC) JATEC    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weimar+) (Weimar+) Weimar+      Other (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consecration_of_Russia_to_the_Immaculate_Heart_of_Mary#21st_century) (Consecration of Russia to the Immaculate Heart of Mary) Consecration of Russia  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-16_training_coalition) (F-16 training coalition) F-16 training coalition  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland–NATO_relations) (Finland–NATO relations) Finland–NATO relations  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finland–Russia_border_barrier) (Finland–Russia border barrier) Finland–Russia border barrier  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_diplomacy) (Iron diplomacy) Iron diplomacy  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proposed_Russian_annexation_of_South_Ossetia#2022_proposal) (Proposed Russian annexation of South Ossetia) Proposed Russian annexation of South Ossetia  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_monuments_and_memorials_removed_following_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) (List of monuments and memorials removed following the Russian invasion of Ukraine) Removal of monuments and memorials  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_streets_renamed_due_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) (List of streets renamed due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine) Streets renamed (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine_Square,_Oslo) (Ukraine Square, Oslo) Ukraine Square, Oslo    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_serving_heads_of_state_and_government_that_have_visited_Ukraine_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) (List of serving heads of state and government that have visited Ukraine during the Russian invasion of Ukraine) Serving heads of state and government that have visited Ukraine during the invasion  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden–NATO_relations) (Sweden–NATO relations) Sweden–NATO relations (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Swedish_anti-terrorism_bill) (2023 Swedish anti-terrorism bill) Swedish anti-terrorism bill             (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-government_reactions_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) (Non-government reactions to the Russian invasion of Ukraine) Public   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protests_against_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) (Protests against the Russian invasion of Ukraine) Protests  In Ukraine (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_protests_in_Russian-occupied_Ukraine) (2022 protests in Russian-occupied Ukraine) in Russian-occupied Ukraine  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demolition_of_monuments_to_Alexander_Pushkin_in_Ukraine) (Demolition of monuments to Alexander Pushkin in Ukraine) demolition of monuments to Alexander Pushkin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArmWomenNow) (ArmWomenNow) ArmWomenNow  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_Artistic_Front) (Ukrainian Artistic Front) Ukrainian Artistic Front    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-war_protests_in_Russia_(2022–present)) (Anti-war protests in Russia (2022–present)) In Russia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angry_patriots) (Angry patriots) Angry patriots (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Club_of_Angry_Patriots) (Club of Angry Patriots) Club of Angry Patriots    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-War_Committee_of_Russia) (Anti-War Committee of Russia) Anti-War Committee  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suspicious_deaths_of_Russian_businesspeople_(2022–2024)) (Suspicious deaths of Russian businesspeople (2022–2024)) Suspicious deaths of Russian businesspeople  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congress_of_People's_Deputies_(Russia,_2022)) (Congress of People's Deputies (Russia, 2022)) Congress of People's Deputies  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_Mothers_and_Wives) (Council of Mothers and Wives) Council of Mothers and Wives  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminist_Anti-War_Resistance) (Feminist Anti-War Resistance) Feminist Anti-War Resistance  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flower_protests) (Flower protests) Flower protests  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marina_Ovsyannikova) (Marina Ovsyannikova) Marina Ovsyannikova  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Action_Committee) (Russian Action Committee) Russian Action Committee  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_North_Caucasian_protests) (2022 North Caucasian protests) North Caucasian protests  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Russian_Far_East_protests) (2022 Russian Far East protests) 2022 Russian Far East protests  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipal_initiative_for_charging_Vladimir_Putin_of_high_treason) (Municipal initiative for charging Vladimir Putin of high treason) State Duma initiative for charging Vladimir Putin of high treason  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White-blue-white_flag) (White-blue-white flag) White-blue-white flag    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarusian_involvement_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine#Belarusian_opposition_to_the_invasion) (Belarusian involvement in the Russian invasion of Ukraine) In Belarus  In China (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Translation_Movement) (Great Translation Movement) Great Translation Movement    In Czech Republic (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech_Republic_First!) (Czech Republic First!) Czech Republic First!        (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporate_responses_to_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) (Corporate responses to the Russian invasion of Ukraine) Companies  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_address_of_the_Russian_Union_of_Rectors) (2022 address of the Russian Union of Rectors) Address of the Russian Union of Rectors  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boycott_of_Russia_and_Belarus) (Boycott of Russia and Belarus) Boycott of Russia and Belarus "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Do_not_buy_Russian_goods!) (Do not buy Russian goods!) Do not buy Russian goods! "   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E.N.O.T._Corp.) (E.N.O.T. Corp.) E.N.O.T. Corp. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor_Mangushev) (Igor Mangushev) Igor Mangushev    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McDonald's_in_Russia) (McDonald's in Russia) McDonald's in Russia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vkusno_i_tochka) (Vkusno i tochka) Vkusno i tochka    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NashStore?action=edit&redlink=1) (NashStore (page does not exist)) NashStore  [ (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/NashStore) (ru:NashStore) ru ]   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People's_Satellite) (People's Satellite) People's Satellite  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starlink_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War) (Starlink in the Russo-Ukrainian War) Starlink satellites  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Bloody_Energy) (Stop Bloody Energy) Stop Bloody Energy  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wagner_Group_activities_in_Ukraine) (Wagner Group activities in Ukraine) Wagner Group (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrey_Aleksandrovich_Medvedev) (Andrey Aleksandrovich Medvedev) Andrey Aleksandrovich Medvedev  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Nemes_Tarimo) (Death of Nemes Tarimo) Death of Nemes Tarimo    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yale_CELI_List_of_Companies) (Yale CELI List of Companies) Yale CELI List of Companies      Technology (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anonymous_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) (Anonymous and the Russian invasion of Ukraine) Anonymous and the invasion  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alerts.in.ua) (Alerts.in.ua) alerts.in.ua  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_DDoS_attacks_on_Romania) (2022 DDoS attacks on Romania) DDoS attacks on Romania  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DeepStateMap.Live) (DeepStateMap.Live) DeepStateMap.Live  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denys_Davydov) (Denys Davydov) Denys Davydov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IT_Army_of_Ukraine) (IT Army of Ukraine) IT Army of Ukraine  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killnet) (Killnet) Killnet  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liveuamap) (Liveuamap) Liveuamap  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-source_intelligence_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) (Open-source intelligence in the Russian invasion of Ukraine) Open-source intelligence  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peacenotwar) (Peacenotwar) peacenotwar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Asset_Tracker) (Russian Asset Tracker) Russian Asset Tracker  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squad303?action=edit&redlink=1) (Squad303 (page does not exist)) Squad303  [ (https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squad303) (pl:Squad303) pl ]   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine_Siren_Alerts) (Ukraine Siren Alerts) Ukraine Siren Alerts  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) (Wikipedia and the Russian invasion of Ukraine) Wikipedia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blocking_of_Wikipedia_in_Russia#2022_threat_to_block) (Blocking of Wikipedia in Russia) threat to block in Russia  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detention_of_Mark_Bernstein) (Detention of Mark Bernstein) detention of Mark Bernstein        Spies (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diplomatic_expulsions_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War) (Diplomatic expulsions during the Russo-Ukrainian War) Diplomatic expulsions during the Russo-Ukrainian War  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_spies_in_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War) (Russian spies in the Russo-Ukrainian War) Russian spies in the Russo-Ukrainian War      Other (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_of_Azovstal_Defenders'_Families) (Association of Azovstal Defenders' Families) Association of Azovstal Defenders' Families  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Sea_Grain_Initiative) (Black Sea Grain Initiative) Black Sea Grain Initiative  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collaboration_with_Russia_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) (Collaboration with Russia during the Russian invasion of Ukraine) Collaboration with Russia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavel_Sudoplatov_Battalion) (Pavel Sudoplatov Battalion) Pavel Sudoplatov Battalion  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/We_Are_Together_with_Russia) (We Are Together with Russia) We Are Together with Russia    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concert_for_Ukraine) (Concert for Ukraine) Concert for Ukraine   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Buryatia_Foundation) (Free Buryatia Foundation) Free Buryatia Foundation  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_Nations_of_Post-Russia_Forum) (Free Nations of Post-Russia Forum) Free Nations of Post-Russia Forum  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Game4Ukraine) (Game4Ukraine) Game4Ukraine  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Get_Lost_(organisation)) (Get Lost (organisation)) Get Lost  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Tour_for_Peace) (Global Tour for Peace) Global Tour for Peace  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Go_by_the_Forest) (Go by the Forest) Go by the Forest  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guide_to_the_Free_World) (Guide to the Free World) Guide to the Free World  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozart_Group) (Mozart Group) Mozart Group  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olena_Zelenska_Foundation) (Olena Zelenska Foundation) Olena Zelenska Foundation  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_open_letter_from_Nobel_laureates_in_support_of_Ukraine) (2022 open letter from Nobel laureates in support of Ukraine) Open letter from Nobel laureates  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubikus.HelpUA) (Rubikus.HelpUA) Rubikus.HelpUA  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruslan_Shostak_Charitable_Foundation) (Ruslan Shostak Charitable Foundation) Ruslan Shostak Charitable Foundation  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia's_War_Crimes_House) (Russia's War Crimes House) Russia's War Crimes House  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Save_Ukraine) (Save Ukraine) Save Ukraine  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saving_Ukrainian_Cultural_Heritage_Online) (Saving Ukrainian Cultural Heritage Online) Saving Ukrainian Cultural Heritage Online  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serhiy_Prytula_Charity_Foundation) (Serhiy Prytula Charity Foundation) Serhiy Prytula Charity Foundation  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Spain_letter_bomb_attacks) (2022 Spain letter bomb attacks) Spain letter bomb attacks  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yermak-McFaul_Expert_Group_on_Russian_Sanctions) (Yermak-McFaul Expert Group on Russian Sanctions) Yermak-McFaul Expert Group on Russian Sanctions  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavel_Filatyev) (Pavel Filatyev) Pavel Filatyev  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True_Russia) (True Russia) True Russia  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volos_Declaration) (Volos Declaration) Volos Declaration  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vyvozhuk) (Vyvozhuk) Vyvozhuk  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wimbledon_ban_on_Russian_and_Belarusian_players) (Wimbledon ban on Russian and Belarusian players) Wimbledon ban                 Impact   Effects (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_aircraft_losses_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War) (List of aircraft losses during the Russo-Ukrainian War) Aircraft losses  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casualties_of_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War#Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) (Casualties of the Russo-Ukrainian War) Casualties (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_journalists_killed_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War) (List of journalists killed during the Russo-Ukrainian War) journalists killed  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Russian_generals_killed_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war_(2022–present)) (List of Russian generals killed during the Russo-Ukrainian war (2022–present)) Russian generals killed    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Chernobyl_exclusion_zone_wildfires) (2026 Chernobyl exclusion zone wildfires) Chernobyl exclusion zone wildfires  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Druzhba_pipeline_dispute) (2026 Druzhba pipeline dispute) Druzhba pipeline dispute  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_impact_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) (Economic impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine) Economic impact (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021–2023_inflation) (2021–2023 inflation) Inflation surge  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Moldovan_energy_crisis) (2022 Moldovan energy crisis) 2022 Moldovan energy crisis (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moldovan_protests_(2022–2023)) (Moldovan protests (2022–2023)) 2022–2023 protests    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Moldovan_energy_crisis) (2025 Moldovan energy crisis) 2025 Moldovan energy crisis  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022–2023_Russia–European_Union_gas_dispute) (2022–2023 Russia–European Union gas dispute) Russia–EU gas dispute (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nord_Stream_pipelines_sabotage) (Nord Stream pipelines sabotage) 2022 Nord Stream pipelines sabotage    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Russian_debt_default) (2022 Russian debt default) Russian debt default  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Russian_crude_oil_price_cap_sanctions) (2022 Russian crude oil price cap sanctions) 2022 Russian oil price cap  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_economic_crisis_(2022–present)) (German economic crisis (2022–present)) German economic crisis  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Russian_oil_products_sanctions_and_price_cap) (2023 Russian oil products sanctions and price cap) 2023 Russian oil products sanctions and price cap  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EU_natural_gas_price_cap) (EU natural gas price cap) EU natural gas price cap    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Ukraine#During_the_2022_Russian_invasion) (Education in Ukraine) Education  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whisky_War) (Whisky War) End of the Whisky War  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) (Environmental impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine) Environmental impact  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020s_European_re-armament) (2020s European re-armament) European re-armament  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2022) (Eurovision Song Contest 2022) Eurovision Song Contest 2022 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2022) (Russia in the Eurovision Song Contest 2022) Russia  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine_in_the_Eurovision_Song_Contest_2022) (Ukraine in the Eurovision Song Contest 2022) Ukraine    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2023) (Eurovision Song Contest 2023) Eurovision Song Contest 2023  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022–2023_food_crises) (2022–2023 food crises) Food crises  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theatre_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine?action=edit&redlink=1) (Theatre during the Russian invasion of Ukraine (page does not exist)) Impact on theatre  [ (https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Театр%20часів%20Російсько-української%20війни) (uk:Театр часів Російсько-української війни) uk ]   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_notable_deaths_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) (List of notable deaths during the Russian invasion of Ukraine) List of notable deaths  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Lukoil_oil_transit_dispute) (2024 Lukoil oil transit dispute) Lukoil oil transit dispute  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine_on_nuclear_power_plants) (Impact of the Russian invasion of Ukraine on nuclear power plants) Nuclear power plants (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaporizhzhia_Nuclear_Power_Plant_crisis) (Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant crisis) Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant crisis    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_risk_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) (Nuclear risk during the Russian invasion of Ukraine) Nuclear risk  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_and_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) (Religion and the Russian invasion of Ukraine) Religion  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_emigration_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) (Russian emigration during the Russian invasion of Ukraine) Russian emigration (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ark_(organisation)) (Ark (organisation)) The Ark    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ship_losses_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War) (List of ship losses during the Russo-Ukrainian War) Ship losses  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Slovakia–Ukraine_gas_dispute) (2025 Slovakia–Ukraine gas dispute) Slovakia–Ukraine gas dispute  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_cultural_heritage_during_the_2022_Russian_invasion) (Ukrainian cultural heritage during the 2022 Russian invasion) Ukrainian cultural heritage (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_theft_and_looting_by_Russia_during_the_invasion_of_Ukraine) (Art theft and looting by Russia during the invasion of Ukraine) art theft and looting  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_damaged_cultural_sites_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) (List of damaged cultural sites during the Russian invasion of Ukraine) damaged cultural sites    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trauma_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) (Trauma in the Russian invasion of Ukraine) Trauma  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Urengoy–Pomary–Uzhhorod_pipeline_explosion) (2022 Urengoy–Pomary–Uzhhorod pipeline explosion) Urengoy–Pomary–Uzhhorod pipeline explosion  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_energy_crisis) (Ukrainian energy crisis) Ukrainian energy crisis  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violations_of_non-combatant_airspaces_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) (Violations of non-combatant airspaces during the Russian invasion of Ukraine) Violations of non-combatant airspaces  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Women_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) (Women in the Russian invasion of Ukraine) Women  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_Perm_refinery_attack) (2026 Perm refinery attack) Perm refinery attack      Human rights (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanitarian_impacts_of_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) (Humanitarian impacts of the Russian invasion of Ukraine) Humanitarian impact  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_refugee_crisis_(2022–present)) (Ukrainian refugee crisis (2022–present)) Ukrainian refugee crisis (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Amsterdam_stabbing_attack) (2025 Amsterdam stabbing attack) 2025 Amsterdam stabbing attack  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sobieskiego_100) (Sobieskiego 100) Sobieskiego 100    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_International_Commission_of_Inquiry_on_Ukraine) (Independent International Commission of Inquiry on Ukraine) UN Commission of Inquiry  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Rights_Monitoring_Mission_in_Ukraine) (United Nations Human Rights Monitoring Mission in Ukraine) UN Human Rights Monitoring Mission      Terms, phrases "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/And_now_I_will_show_you_where_the_attack_on_Belarus_was_prepared_from) (And now I will show you where the attack on Belarus was prepared from) And now I will show you where the attack on Belarus was prepared from " "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Saxons_(slur)) (Anglo-Saxons (slur)) Anglo-Saxons " "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bavovna) (Bavovna) Bavovna " "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Busification) (Busification) Busification " "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grandpa_in_his_bunker) (Grandpa in his bunker) Grandpa in his bunker " "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Good_Evening_(Where_Are_You_From%3F)) (Good Evening (Where Are You From?)) Good evening, we are from Ukraine " "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orc_(slang)) (Orc (slang)) Orc " "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putin_khuylo!#Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) (Putin khuylo!) Putin khuylo! " "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khuy_Voyne!#Russo-Ukrainian_war) (Khuy Voyne!) Khuy Voyne! " "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia_is_here_forever?action=edit&redlink=1) (Russia is here forever (page does not exist)) Russia is here forever  [ (https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Росія%20тут%20назавжди) (uk:Росія тут назавжди) uk ]  " "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_warship,_go_fuck_yourself) (Russian warship, go fuck yourself) Russian warship, go fuck yourself " "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slava_Ukraini#Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) (Slava Ukraini) Slava Ukraini! " "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_military_operation) (Special military operation) Special military operation " "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/To_bomb_Voronezh) (To bomb Voronezh) To bomb Voronezh " "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strength_is_in_truth) (Strength is in truth) Strength is in truth " "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westsplaining) (Westsplaining) Westsplaining " "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Where_have_you_been_for_eight_years%3F) (Where have you been for eight years?) Where have you been for eight years? " "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Without_you_(post)) (Without you (post)) Without you "     Popular culture  Songs "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/12_(song)) (12 (song)) 12 " "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakhmut_Fortress) (Bakhmut Fortress) Bakhmut Fortress " "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayraktar_(song)) (Bayraktar (song)) Bayraktar " "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilia_topoli) (Bilia topoli) Bilia topoli " "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Mary_(song)) (City of Mary (song)) City of Mary " "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flowers_of_Minefields) (Flowers of Minefields) Flowers of Minefields " "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generation_Cancellation) (Generation Cancellation) Generation Cancellation " "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generation_Z_(song)) (Generation Z (song)) Generation Z " "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I'm_Russian_(song)) (I'm Russian (song)) I'm Russian " "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oyda_(song)) (Oyda (song)) Oyda " "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hey,_Hey,_Rise_Up!) (Hey, Hey, Rise Up!) Hey, Hey, Rise Up! " "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mama_ŠČ!) (Mama ŠČ!) Mama ŠČ! " "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oi_u_luzi_chervona_kalyna) (Oi u luzi chervona kalyna) Oi u luzi chervona kalyna " "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slava_Ukraini!_(song)) (Slava Ukraini! (song)) Slava Ukraini! " "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefania_(song)) (Stefania (song)) Stefania " "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine_(song)) (Ukraine (song)) Ukraine " "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crushed_(Imagine_Dragons_song)) (Crushed (Imagine Dragons song)) Crushed "     Films (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20_Days_in_Mariupol) (20 Days in Mariupol) 20 Days in Mariupol   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000_Meters_to_Andriivka) (2000 Meters to Andriivka) 2000 Meters to Andriivka   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Follow_Me_(documentary)) (Follow Me (documentary)) Follow Me   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_on_Fire:_Ukraine's_Fight_for_Freedom) (Freedom on Fire: Ukraine's Fight for Freedom) Freedom on Fire: Ukraine's Fight for Freedom   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercepted_(film)) (Intercepted (film)) Intercepted   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei_Loznitsa) (Sergei Loznitsa) The Invasion   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Militantropos?action=edit&redlink=1) (Militantropos (page does not exist)) Militantropos  [ (https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Militantropos) (de:Militantropos) de ]    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minotaur_(2026_film)) (Minotaur (2026 film)) Minotaur   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mr._Nobody_Against_Putin) (Mr. Nobody Against Putin) Mr. Nobody Against Putin   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My_Undesirable_Friends:_Part_I_—_Last_Air_in_Moscow) (My Undesirable Friends: Part I — Last Air in Moscow) My Undesirable Friends: Part I — Last Air in Moscow   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porcelain_War) (Porcelain War) Porcelain War   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Rising_Fury) (A Rising Fury) A Rising Fury   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russians_at_War) (Russians at War) Russians at War   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Songs_of_Slow_Burning_Earth) (Songs of Slow Burning Earth) Songs of Slow Burning Earth   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superpower_(film)) (Superpower (film)) Superpower   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timestamp_(film)) (Timestamp (film)) Timestamp   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turn_in_the_Wound) (Turn in the Wound) Turn in the Wound   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine_on_Fire_2?action=edit&redlink=1) (Ukraine on Fire 2 (page does not exist)) Ukraine on Fire 2  [ (https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Україна%20в%20огні%202) (uk:Україна в огні 2) uk ]    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_(2024_film)) (Viktor (2024 film)) Viktor       Other (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babylon'13) (Babylon'13) Babylon'13  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back_to_the_Cold_War) (Back to the Cold War) Back to the Cold War   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borodianka_cat?action=edit&redlink=1) (Borodianka cat (page does not exist)) Borodianka cat  [ (https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Кішка%20з%20Бородянки) (uk:Кішка з Бородянки) uk ]   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghost_of_Kyiv) (Ghost of Kyiv) Ghost of Kyiv  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kherson_watermelon) (Kherson watermelon) Kherson watermelon  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Královec_Region) (Královec Region) Královec Region  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna_of_Kyiv) (Madonna of Kyiv) Madonna of Kyiv  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Shchekavytsia_orgy) (Mount Shchekavytsia orgy) Mount Shchekavytsia orgy  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NAFO_(group)) (NAFO (group)) North Atlantic Fella Organization  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newspeak_in_Russia) (Newspeak in Russia) Newspeak in Russia  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patron_(dog)) (Patron (dog)) Patron  "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putler#After_2014) (Putler) Putler " "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putinversteher) (Putinversteher) Putinversteher " (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raccoon_of_Kherson) (Raccoon of Kherson) Raccoon of Kherson  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Javelin) (Saint Javelin) Saint Javelin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Mariuburg?action=edit&redlink=1) (Saint Mariuburg (page does not exist)) Saint Mariuburg  [ (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Санкт-Мариубург) (ru:Санкт-Мариубург) ru ; (https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Санкт-Маріубург) (uk:Санкт-Маріубург) uk ]   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasylkiv_maiolica_rooster) (Vasylkiv maiolica rooster) Vasylkiv maiolica rooster  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin's_meeting_table) (Vladimir Putin's meeting table) Vladimir Putin's meeting table  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walk_of_the_Brave) (Walk of the Brave) Walk of the Brave  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z_(military_symbol)) (Z (military symbol)) "Z" military symbol                 Key people   Ukrainians (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volodymyr_Zelenskyy) (Volodymyr Zelenskyy) Volodymyr Zelenskyy  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatolii_Kryvonozhko) (Anatolii Kryvonozhko) Anatolii Kryvonozhko  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatoliy_Barhylevych) (Anatoliy Barhylevych) Anatoliy Barhylevych  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrii_Hnatov) (Andrii Hnatov) Andrii Hnatov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andriy_Biletsky) (Andriy Biletsky) Andriy Biletsky  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andriy_Yermak) (Andriy Yermak) Andriy Yermak  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denys_Shmyhal) (Denys Shmyhal) Denys Shmyhal  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denys_Kireyev) (Denys Kireyev) Denys Kireyev  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination) (Assassination) X   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denys_Monastyrsky) (Denys Monastyrsky) Denys Monastyrsky  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killed_in_action) (Killed in action) †     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denys_Prokopenko) (Denys Prokopenko) Denys Prokopenko  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ihor_Klymenko) (Ihor Klymenko) Ihor Klymenko  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iryna_Venediktova) (Iryna Venediktova) Iryna Venediktova  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrylo_Budanov) (Kyrylo Budanov) Kyrylo Budanov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mykhailo_Drapatyi) (Mykhailo Drapatyi) Mykhailo Drapatyi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mykola_Oleschuk) (Mykola Oleschuk) Mykola Oleschuk  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oleksandr_Pavlyuk) (Oleksandr Pavlyuk) Oleksandr Pavlyuk  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oleksandr_Syrskyi) (Oleksandr Syrskyi) Oleksandr Syrskyi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oleksii_Reznikov) (Oleksii Reznikov) Oleksii Reznikov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oleksiy_Danilov) (Oleksiy Danilov) Oleksiy Danilov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oleksiy_Neizhpapa) (Oleksiy Neizhpapa) Oleksiy Neizhpapa  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruslan_Khomchak) (Ruslan Khomchak) Ruslan Khomchak  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rustem_Umerov) (Rustem Umerov) Rustem Umerov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergiy_Kyslytsya) (Sergiy Kyslytsya) Sergiy Kyslytsya  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serhiy_Shaptala) (Serhiy Shaptala) Serhiy Shaptala  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serhii_Sternenko) (Serhii Sternenko) Serhii Sternenko  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valerii_Zaluzhnyi) (Valerii Zaluzhnyi) Valerii Zaluzhnyi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasyl_Malyuk) (Vasyl Malyuk) Vasyl Malyuk  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitali_Klitschko) (Vitali Klitschko) Vitali Klitschko  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yevhen_Moisiuk) (Yevhen Moisiuk) Yevhen Moisiuk  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yulia_Svyrydenko) (Yulia Svyrydenko) Yulia Svyrydenko      Russians (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) Vladimir Putin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Dvornikov) (Aleksandr Dvornikov) Aleksandr Dvornikov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Lapin_(general)) (Aleksandr Lapin (general)) Aleksandr Lapin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksey_Dyumin) (Aleksey Dyumin) Aleksey Dyumin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksey_Nagin) (Aleksey Nagin) Aleksey Nagin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killed_in_action) (Killed in action) †     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Bortnikov) (Alexander Bortnikov) Alexander Bortnikov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrei_Kolesnikov_(general)) (Andrei Kolesnikov (general)) Andrei Kolesnikov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrei_Sychevoi) (Andrei Sychevoi) Andrei Sychevoi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrey_Belousov) (Andrey Belousov) Andrey Belousov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrey_Vorobyov) (Andrey Vorobyov) Andrey Vorobyov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dmitry_Medvedev) (Dmitry Medvedev) Dmitry Medvedev  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gennady_Zhidko) (Gennady Zhidko) Gennady Zhidko  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor_Kastyukevich) (Igor Kastyukevich) Igor Kastyukevich  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivan_Ivanovich_Popov) (Ivan Ivanovich Popov) Ivan Popov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail_Mishustin) (Mikhail Mishustin) Mikhail Mishustin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Lvova-Belova) (Maria Lvova-Belova) Maria Lvova-Belova  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai_Patrushev) (Nikolai Patrushev) Nikolai Patrushev  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oleg_Salyukov) (Oleg Salyukov) Oleg Salyukov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oleg_Tsokov) (Oleg Tsokov) Oleg Tsokov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killed_in_action) (Killed in action) †     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramzan_Kadyrov) (Ramzan Kadyrov) Ramzan Kadyrov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Berdnikov) (Roman Berdnikov) Roman Berdnikov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rustam_Muradov) (Rustam Muradov) Rustam Muradov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey_Kobylash) (Sergey Kobylash) Sergey Kobylash  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey_Lavrov) (Sergey Lavrov) Sergey Lavrov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey_Naryshkin) (Sergey Naryshkin) Sergey Naryshkin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei_Shoigu) (Sergei Shoigu) Sergei Shoigu  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey_Surovikin) (Sergey Surovikin) Sergey Surovikin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timur_Ivanov) (Timur Ivanov) Timur Ivanov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valery_Gerasimov) (Valery Gerasimov) Valery Gerasimov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Sokolov_(naval_officer)) (Viktor Sokolov (naval officer)) Viktor Sokolov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Zolotov) (Viktor Zolotov) Viktor Zolotov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitaly_Gerasimov) (Vitaly Gerasimov) Vitaly Gerasimov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vyacheslav_Gladkov) (Vyacheslav Gladkov) Vyacheslav Gladkov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vyacheslav_Volodin) (Vyacheslav Volodin) Vyacheslav Volodin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yevgeny_Prigozhin) (Yevgeny Prigozhin) Yevgeny Prigozhin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assassination) (Assassination) X       Other (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Lukashenko) (Alexander Lukashenko) Alexander Lukashenko  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denis_Pushilin) (Denis Pushilin) Denis Pushilin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonid_Pasechnik) (Leonid Pasechnik) Leonid Pasechnik  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey_Aksyonov) (Sergey Aksyonov) Sergey Aksyonov  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitaly_Ganchev) (Vitaly Ganchev) Vitaly Ganchev  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Saldo) (Vladimir Saldo) Vladimir Saldo  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yevgeny_Balitsky) (Yevgeny Balitsky) Yevgeny Balitsky  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuriy_Barbashov) (Yuriy Barbashov) Yuriy Barbashov            Related   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_visit_by_Volodymyr_Zelenskyy_to_the_United_States) (2022 visit by Volodymyr Zelenskyy to the United States) 2022 visit by Volodymyr Zelenskyy to the United States  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_North_Korea–Russia_summit) (2023 North Korea–Russia summit) 2023 North Korea–Russia summit  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_visit_by_Volodymyr_Zelenskyy_to_the_United_Kingdom) (2023 visit by Volodymyr Zelenskyy to the United Kingdom) 2023 visit by Volodymyr Zelenskyy to the United Kingdom  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Budapest_Summit) (2025 Budapest Summit) 2025 Budapest Summit  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Putin–Trump_call) (2025 Putin–Trump call) 2025 Putin–Trump call  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Russia–United_States_Summit_in_Alaska) (2025 Russia–United States Summit in Alaska) 2025 Alaska Summit  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/August_2025_White_House_Multilateral_Meeting_on_Ukraine) (August 2025 White House Multilateral Meeting on Ukraine) August 2025 White House Multilateral Meeting on Ukraine  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-drone_mesh) (Anti-drone mesh) Anti-drone mesh  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Russian_sentiment) (Anti-Russian sentiment) Anti-Russian sentiment  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Ukrainian_sentiment) (Anti-Ukrainian sentiment) Anti-Ukrainian sentiment  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonov_An-225_Mriya) (Antonov An-225 Mriya) Antonov An-225 Mriya  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijan_Airlines_Flight_8243) (Azerbaijan Airlines Flight 8243) Azerbaijan Airlines Flight 8243  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azovstal_Iron_and_Steel_Works) (Azovstal Iron and Steel Works) Azovstal Iron and Steel Works  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Brovary_helicopter_crash) (2023 Brovary helicopter crash) Brovary helicopter crash  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Bryansk_Oblast_military_aircraft_crashes) (2023 Bryansk Oblast military aircraft crashes) Bryansk Oblast military aircraft crashes  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claims_of_Vladimir_Putin's_incapacity_and_death) (Claims of Vladimir Putin's incapacity and death) Claims of Vladimir Putin's incapacity and death  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRINK) (CRINK) CRINK  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decolonization_in_Ukraine) (Decolonization in Ukraine) Decolonization in Ukraine  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decommunization_in_Ukraine) (Decommunization in Ukraine) Decommunization in Ukraine  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derussification_in_Ukraine) (Derussification in Ukraine) Derussification in Ukraine (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demolition_of_monuments_to_Alexander_Pushkin_in_Ukraine) (Demolition of monuments to Alexander Pushkin in Ukraine) Demolition of monuments to Alexander Pushkin in Ukraine    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_and_government_who_have_visited_Russia_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war_(2022–present)) (List of heads of state and government who have visited Russia during the Russo-Ukrainian war (2022–present)) Foreign leaders that have visited Russia during the invasion (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_state_visit_by_Xi_Jinping_to_Russia) (2023 state visit by Xi Jinping to Russia) 2023 state visit by Xi Jinping to Russia    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_and_government_who_have_visited_Ukraine_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_war_(2022–present)) (List of heads of state and government who have visited Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian war (2022–present)) Foreign leaders that have visited Ukraine during the invasion (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_visit_by_Fumio_Kishida_to_Ukraine) (2023 visit by Fumio Kishida to Ukraine) 2023 visit by Fumio Kishida to Ukraine  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_visit_by_Joe_Biden_to_Ukraine) (2023 visit by Joe Biden to Ukraine) 2023 visit by Joe Biden to Ukraine  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_visit_by_Yoon_Suk_Yeol_to_Ukraine) (2023 visit by Yoon Suk Yeol to Ukraine) 2023 visit by Yoon Suk Yeol to Ukraine    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_for_the_Study_of_War) (Institute for the Study of War) Institute for the Study of War  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Irkutsk_Su-30_crash) (2022 Irkutsk Su-30 crash) Irkutsk Su-30 crash  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Ivanovo_Ilyushin_Il-76_crash) (2024 Ivanovo Ilyushin Il-76 crash) Ivanovo Ilyushin Il-76 crash  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Korochansky_Ilyushin_Il-76_crash) (2024 Korochansky Ilyushin Il-76 crash) Korochansky Ilyushin Il-76 crash  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Kyivstar_cyberattack) (2023 Kyivstar cyberattack) Kyivstar cyberattack  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady_R_incident) (Lady R incident) Lady R incident  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_2023_European_visits_by_Volodymyr_Zelenskyy) (May 2023 European visits by Volodymyr Zelenskyy) visits to Europe  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Moldovan_coup_d'état_attempt_allegations) (2023 Moldovan coup d'état attempt allegations) Moldovan coup d'état attempt allegations  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nord_Stream_2) (Nord Stream 2) Nord Stream 2  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operational_Group_of_Russian_Forces) (Operational Group of Russian Forces) Operational Group of Russian Forces  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proposed_Russian_annexation_of_Transnistria) (Proposed Russian annexation of Transnistria) Proposed Russian annexation of Transnistria  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punisher_(drone)) (Punisher (drone)) Punisher  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction) (Russia and weapons of mass destruction) Russian nuclear weapons (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RS-28_Sarmat) (RS-28 Sarmat) Sarmat    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rico_Krieger) (Rico Krieger) Rico Krieger  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Russian_Air_Force_Ilyushin_Il-76_crash) (2022 Russian Air Force Ilyushin Il-76 crash) Ryazan Il-76 crash  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Siberian_wildfires) (2022 Siberian wildfires) Siberian wildfires  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Sinhury_mid-air_collision) (2023 Sinhury mid-air collision) Sinhury mid-air collision  [ (https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Зіткнення%20над%20Сінгурами) (uk:Зіткнення над Сінгурами) uk ; (https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023年日托米爾州L-39M1飛機相撞事故) (zh:2023年日托米爾州L-39M1飛機相撞事故) zh ]   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soloti_military_training_ground_shooting) (Soloti military training ground shooting) Soloti military training ground shooting  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_imagery_during_the_Russo-Ukrainian_War) (Soviet imagery during the Russo-Ukrainian War) Soviet imagery  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speeches_by_Volodymyr_Zelenskyy_during_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine) (Speeches by Volodymyr Zelenskyy during the Russian invasion of Ukraine) Speeches by Zelenskyy  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_Center_of_Recruitment_and_Social_Support) (Territorial Center of Recruitment and Social Support) Territorial Center of Recruitment and Social Support  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_of_Heroes) (Time of Heroes) Time of Heroes  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turtle_tank) (Turtle tank) Turtle tank  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U-24_(association)) (U-24 (association)) U-24 association  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian-African_Renaissance) (Ukrainian-African Renaissance) Ukrainian-African Renaissance  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_conscription_crisis) (Ukrainian conscription crisis) Ukrainian conscription crisis  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Use_of_Western_long-range_weapons_by_Ukraine_in_Russia) (Use of Western long-range weapons by Ukraine in Russia) Western long-range weapons in Russia  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ural_Airlines_Flight_1383) (Ural Airlines Flight 1383) Ural Airlines Flight 1383  "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tucker_Carlson's_interview_with_Vladimir_Putin) (Tucker Carlson's interview with Vladimir Putin) The Vladimir Putin Interview " (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Russian_Aerospace_Forces_An-26_crash) (2022 Russian Aerospace Forces An-26 crash) Voronezh An-26 crash  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Wagner_Group_plane_crash) (2023 Wagner Group plane crash) Wagner Group plane crash  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_Yeysk_Su-34_crash) (2022 Yeysk Su-34 crash) Yeysk Su-34 crash  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaroslav_Hunka_scandal) (Yaroslav Hunka scandal) Yaroslav Hunka scandal           (Category) ()    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Russo-Ukrainian_war_(2022–present)) (Category:Russo-Ukrainian war (2022–present)) Category                Vladimir Putin at Wikipedia's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects) (Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects) sister projects  : (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg) (Wikimedia Commons logo)    (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Владимир%20Владимирович%20Путин) (c:Владимир Владимирович Путин) Media  from Commons  ()    (https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Vladimir%20Putin) (q:Vladimir Putin) Quotations  from Wikiquote  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg) (Wikisource logo)    (https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Vladimir%20Putin) (s:Author:Vladimir Putin) Texts  from Wikisource  ()    (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7747) (d:Q7747) Data  from Wikidata    (./Category:Pages_using_Sister_project_links_with_hidden_wikidata#d)    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals) (Wikipedia:Contents/Portals) Portals : ()     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Biography) (Portal:Biography) Biography  ()     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Conservatism) (Portal:Conservatism) Conservatism  ()     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Current_events) (Portal:Current events) Current events  (icon)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Modern_history) (Portal:Modern history) Modern history  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:A_coloured_voting_box.svg) (icon)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Politics) (Portal:Politics) Politics  (flag)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Russia) (Portal:Russia) Russia    (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1364279517)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319)    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Authority_control) (Help:Authority control) Authority control databases (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7747#identifiers) (Edit this at Wikidata) (Edit this at Wikidata)       International (https://isni.org/isni/0000000121307085) ISNI   (https://viaf.org/viaf/125145970358732252841) VIAF   (https://d-nb.info/gnd/122188926) GND   (https://id.worldcat.org/fast/444788) FAST   (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJr3qYc6WKtCPQC3F9yWXd) WorldCat       National (Putin, Vladimir Vladimirovich, 1952-) (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n00093163) United States    (https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb136071802) France   (https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb136071802) BnF data   (https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00823152) Japan   (Putin, Vladimir Vladimirovič) (https://opac.sbn.it/nome/VIAV104264) Italy    (https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20001103098&CON_LNG=ENG) Czech Republic   (http://aleph.rsl.ru/F?func=find-b&find_code=SYS&adjacent=Y&local_base=RSL11&request=000080360&CON_LNG=ENG) Russia   (https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX1544403) Spain   (http://aleph.bibnat.ro:8991/F/?func=direct&local_base=NLR10&doc_number=000184468) Romania   (http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p191565962) Netherlands   (https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/40926) Norway   (http://aleweb.ncl.edu.tw/F/?func=accref&acc_sequence=014445968&CON_LNG=ENG) Taiwan   (https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000065487&P_CON_LNG=ENG) Latvia   (http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000761598) Chile   (https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=199074) Greece   (https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC200102931) Korea   (https://libris.kb.se/fcrtw43z3pc5bv0) Sweden   (https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810695459105606) Poland   (https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007266728805171) Israel   (https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981060739673106706) Catalonia   (https://bukinet-mreza.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/authfulldisplay?&context=L&vid=385BUKINET_NETWORK:VU1_UNION&lang=en&docid=981005780268609366) Croatia       Academics (https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA1275886X?l=en) CiNii       Artists (https://musicbrainz.org/artist/833f5372-a2a5-4932-8a5c-399184f29541) MusicBrainz       People (https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1489947) Trove   (https://www.librarything.com/author/putinvladimirvladimi) LibraryThing   (https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/122188926.html?language=en) Deutsche Biographie   (https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/122188926) DDB       Other (https://www.idref.fr/060563249) IdRef   (https://openlibrary.org/works/OL1416503A?mode=all) Open Library   (https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6m40cxf) SNAC   (https://lux.collections.yale.edu/view/person/9a76dd35-6125-43c3-854f-b588bd2dff2d) Yale LUX           (./Category:Vladimir_Putin#%20)  (./Category:1952_births)  (./Category:Living_people)  (./Category:1st_class_Active_State_Councillors_of_the_Russian_Federation)  (./Category:2003_Tuzla_Island_conflict)  (./Category:20th-century_Eastern_Orthodox_Christians)  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(./Category:Time_Person_of_the_Year)  (./Category:United_Russia_politicians)  (./Category:United_Russia_presidential_nominees)    ()  Retrieved from "(https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Putin&oldid=1370529047) https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vladimir_Putin&oldid=1370529047 "  (/wiki/Help:Category) (Help:Category) Categories : (/wiki/Category:Vladimir_Putin) (Category:Vladimir Putin) Vladimir Putin  (/wiki/Category:1952_births) (Category:1952 births) 1952 births  (/wiki/Category:Living_people) (Category:Living people) Living people  (/wiki/Category:1st_class_Active_State_Councillors_of_the_Russian_Federation) (Category:1st class Active State Councillors of the Russian Federation) 1st class Active State Councillors of the Russian Federation  (/wiki/Category:2003_Tuzla_Island_conflict) (Category:2003 Tuzla Island conflict) 2003 Tuzla Island conflict  (/wiki/Category:20th-century_Eastern_Orthodox_Christians) (Category:20th-century Eastern Orthodox Christians) 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