Yemen - Wikipedia (/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.parsoid.styles%7Cext.cite.styles%7Cext.phonos.icons%2Cstyles%7Cext.tmh.player.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediaBadges.ulsV2%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.skinning.content.parsoid%7Cmediawiki.skins.legacy%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022) (/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022) (//upload.wikimedia.org) (/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png) (/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico) (/w/rest.php/v1/search) (Wikipedia (en)) (//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en) (Wikipedia Atom feed) (/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom) (//meta.wikimedia.org)  (auth.wikimedia.org)   Jump to content (Main menu)  Main menu  Main menu move to sidebar hide  Navigation  (/wiki/Main_Page) (Visit the main page [z]) Main page   (/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents) (Guides to browsing Wikipedia) Contents   (/wiki/Portal:Current_events) (Articles related to current events) Current events   (/wiki/Special:Random) (Visit a randomly selected article [x]) Random article   (/wiki/Wikipedia:About) (Learn about Wikipedia and how it works) About Wikipedia   (//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us) (How to contact Wikipedia) Contact us      Contribute  (/wiki/Help:Contents) (Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia) Help   (/wiki/Help:Introduction) (Learn how to edit Wikipedia) Learn to edit   (/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal) (The hub for editors) Community portal   (/wiki/Special:RecentChanges) (A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]) Recent changes   (/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard) (Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia) Upload file   (/wiki/Special:SpecialPages) (A list of all special pages [q]) Special pages           (/wiki/Main_Page) () (Wikipedia) (The Free Encyclopedia)    (/wiki/Special:Search) (Search Wikipedia [f])  Search  (Search Wikipedia) (Search Wikipedia [f])   (Special:Search)  Search           (Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color)  Appearance         (https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en) Donate   (/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Yemen) (You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory) Create account   (/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Yemen) (You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. 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[o])  Log in                  Contents move to sidebar hide  (Top)   1 Etymology     2 History    Toggle History subsection  2.1 Ancient history     2.2 Islamic era     2.3 Modern era     2.4 Post-independence       3 Geography    Toggle Geography subsection  3.1 Regions and climate     3.2 Biodiversity       4 Government and politics    Toggle Government and politics subsection  4.1 Administrative divisions     4.2 Foreign relations     4.3 Military     4.4 Human rights       5 Economy    Toggle Economy subsection  5.1 Agriculture     5.2 Export and import     5.3 State budget     5.4 Water supply and sanitation       6 Demographics    Toggle Demographics subsection  6.1 People     6.2 Languages     6.3 Religion     6.4 Education       7 Culture    Toggle Culture subsection  7.1 Architecture     7.2 Theatre     7.3 Media     7.4 Sport       8 See also     9 Notes     10 References     11 Sources     12 External links    Toggle External links subsection  12.1 Government     12.2 History     12.3 Tourism     12.4 Maps             (Table of Contents)  Toggle the table of contents      Yemen    253 languages  (https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD) (Иемен – Abkhazian) Аԥсшәа   (https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaman) (Yaman – Acehnese) Acèh   (https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD) (Йемен – Adyghe) Адыгабзэ   (https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemen) (Jemen – Afrikaans) Afrikaans   (https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemen) (Jemen – Alemannic) Alemannisch   (https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%98%E1%8A%95_(%E1%8A%A0%E1%8C%88%E1%88%AD)) (የመን (አገር) – Amharic) አማርኛ   (https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen) (Yemen – Amis) Pangcah   (https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen) (Yemen – Aragonese) Aragonés   (https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemen) (Gemen – Old English) Ænglisc   (https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8) (यमन – Angika) अंगिका   (featured article) (https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86) (اليمن – Arabic) العربية   (https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%9D%DC%A1%DC%A2) (ܝܡܢ – Aramaic) ܐܪܡܝܐ   (https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86) (ليامان – Moroccan Arabic) الدارجة   (https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86) (اليمن – Egyptian Arabic) مصرى   (https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8) (য়েমেন – Assamese) অসমীয়া   (https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yeme) (Yeme – Asturian) Asturianu   (https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD) (Йаман – Avaric) Авар   (https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8) (गणतन्त्र यमन – Awadhi) अवधी   (https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C9%99m%C9%99n) (Yəmən – Azerbaijani) Azərbaycanca   (https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%86) (یمن – South Azerbaijani) تۆرکجه   (https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D3%99%D0%BC%D3%99%D0%BD) (Йәмән – Bashkir) Башҡортса   (https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaman) (Yaman – Balinese) Basa Bali   (https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemen) (Jemen – Bavarian) Boarisch   (https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemens) (Jemens – Samogitian) Žemaitėška   (https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen) (Yemen – Central Bikol) Bikol Central   (https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD) (Емэн – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)) Беларуская (тарашкевіца)   (https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD) (Емен – Belarusian) Беларуская   (https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaman) (Yaman – Betawi) Betawi   (https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD) (Йемен – Bulgarian) Български   (https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8) (यमन – Bhojpuri) भोजपुरी   (https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen) (Yemen – Bislama) Bislama   (https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8) (ইয়েমেন – Bangla) বাংলা   (https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%BA%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8D) (ཡེ་མེན། – Tibetan) བོད་ཡིག   (https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%A8) (ইয়েমেন – Bishnupriya) বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী   (https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen) (Yemen – Breton) Brezhoneg   (https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemen) (Jemen – Bosnian) Bosanski   (https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaman) (Yaman – Batak Mandailing) Batak Mandailing   (https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A8%90%E1%A8%86%E1%A8%8A) (ᨐᨆᨊ – Buginese) Basa Ugi   (https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD) (Йемен – Russia Buriat) Буряад   (https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iemen) (Iemen – Catalan) Català   (https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen) (Yemen – Chavacano) Chavacano de Zamboanga   (https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen) (Yemen – Mindong) 閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄   (https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD) (Йаман – Chechen) Нохчийн   (https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen) (Yemen – Cebuano) Cebuano   (https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%DB%95%D9%85%DB%95%D9%86) (یەمەن – Central Kurdish) کوردی   (https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen) (Yemen – Corsican) Corsu   (https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen) (Yemen – Crimean Tatar) Qırımtatarca   (https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemen) (Jemen – Czech) Čeština   (https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemen) (Jemen – Kashubian) Kaszëbsczi   (https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD) (Йемен – Chuvash) Чӑвашла   (https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iemen) (Iemen – Welsh) Cymraeg   (https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen) (Yemen – Danish) Dansk   (https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen) (Yemen – Dagbani) Dagbanli   (https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemen) (Jemen – German) Deutsch   (https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen) (Yemen – Dimli) Zazaki   (https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemen) (Jemen – Lower Sorbian) Dolnoserbski   (https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaman) (Yaman – Central Dusun) Kadazandusun   (https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8) (यमन – Doteli) डोटेली   (https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%94%DE%A6%DE%89%DE%A6%DE%82%DE%B0) (ޔަމަން – Divehi) ދިވެހިބަސް   (https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A5%CE%B5%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B7) (Υεμένη – Greek) Ελληνικά   (https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemeno) (Jemeno – Esperanto) Esperanto   (https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen) (Yemen – Spanish) Español   (https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeemen) (Jeemen – Estonian) Eesti   (https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen) (Yemen – Basque) Euskara   (https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen) (Yemen – Extremaduran) Estremeñu   (https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%86) (یمن – Persian) فارسی   (https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaman) (Yaman – Fula) Fulfulde   (recommended article) (https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemen) (Jemen – Finnish) Suomi   (https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeemen) (Jeemen – Võro) Võro   (https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemen) (Jemen – Faroese) Føroyskt   (https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C3%A9men) (Yémen – French) Français   (https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C3%A8m%C3%A8n) (Yèmèn – Arpitan) Arpetan   (https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemen) (Jemen – Northern Frisian) Nordfriisk   (https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemen) (Jemen – Western Frisian) Frysk   (https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89imin) (Éimin – Irish) Gaeilge   (https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen) (Yemen – Gagauz) Gagauz   (https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C3%A9men) (Yémen – Guianan Creole) Kriyòl gwiyannen   (https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iemen) (Iemen – Scottish Gaelic) Gàidhlig   (https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iemen) (Iemen – Galician) Galego   (https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%86) (یمن – Gilaki) گیلکی   (https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jem%E1%BA%BD) (Jemẽ – Guarani) Avañe'ẽ   (https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%A8) (यॅमॅन – Goan Konkani) गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni   (https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AF%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%AE%E0%AB%87%E0%AA%A8) (યેમેન – Gujarati) ગુજરાતી   (https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Yeaman) (Yn Yeaman – Manx) Gaelg   (https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen) (Yemen – Hausa) Hausa   (https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen) (Yemen – Hakka Chinese) 客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî   (https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iemene) (Iemene – Hawaiian) Hawaiʻi   (https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%9F) (תימן – Hebrew) עברית   (https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8) (यमन – Hindi) हिन्दी   (https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen) (Yemen – Fiji Hindi) Fiji Hindi   (https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemen) (Jemen – Croatian) Hrvatski   (https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemen) (Jemen – Upper Sorbian) Hornjoserbsce   (https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yem%C3%A8n) (Yemèn – Haitian Creole) Kreyòl ayisyen   (https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemen) (Jemen – Hungarian) Magyar   (https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%B6) (Եմեն – Armenian) Հայերեն   (https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D5%B4%D5%A7%D5%B6) (Եմէն – Western Armenian) Արեւմտահայերէն   (https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen) (Yemen – Interlingua) Interlingua   (https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaman) (Yaman – Indonesian) Bahasa Indonesia   (https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen) (Yemen – Interlingue) Interlingue   (https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen) (Yemen – Iloko) Ilokano   (https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen) (Yemen – Ido) Ido   (https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemen) (Jemen – Icelandic) Íslenska   (https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen) (Yemen – Italian) Italiano   (https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%A8%E3%83%A1%E3%83%B3) (イエメン – Japanese) 日本語   (https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen) (Yemen – Jamaican Creole English) Patois   (https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaman) (Yaman – Javanese) Jawa   (https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98) (იემენი – Georgian) ქართული   (https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen) (Yemen – Kara-Kalpak) Qaraqalpaqsha   (https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yamen) (Yamen – Kabyle) Taqbaylit   (https://kai.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen) (Yemen – Karekare) Karai-karai   (https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD) (Йемен – Kabardian) Адыгэбзэ   (https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemenii) (Yemenii – Kabiye) Kabɩyɛ   (https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen) (Yemen – Kongo) Kongo   (https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaman) (Yaman – Komering) Kumoring   (https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen) (Yemen – Kikuyu) Gĩkũyũ   (https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD) (Йемен – Kazakh) Қазақша   (https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%99%E1%9F%81%E1%9E%98%E1%9F%89%E1%9F%82%E1%9E%93) (យេម៉ែន – Khmer) ភាសាខ្មែរ   (https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D) (ಯಮನ್ – Kannada) ಕನ್ನಡ   (https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%88%EB%A9%98) (예멘 – Korean) 한국어   (https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD) (Йемен – Komi-Permyak) Перем коми   (https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD) (Йемен – Karachay-Balkar) Къарачай-малкъар   (https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%8E%D9%85%D9%8E%D9%86) (یَمَن – Kashmiri) کٲشُر   (https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen) (Yemen – Kurdish) Kurdî   (https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD) (Йемен – Komi) Коми   (https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen) (Yemen – Cornish) Kernowek   (https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD) (Йемен – Kyrgyz) Кыргызча   (https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iemenia) (Iemenia – Latin) Latina   (https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen) (Yemen – Ladino) Ladino   (https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemen) (Jemen – Luxembourgish) Lëtzebuergesch   (https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD) (Йемен – Lezghian) Лезги   (https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iaman) (Iaman – Lingua Franca Nova) Lingua Franca Nova   (https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeme) (Jeme – Limburgish) Limburgs   (https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen) (Yemen – Ligurian) Ligure   (https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iemen) (Iemen – Ladin) Ladin   (https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen) (Yemen – Lombard) Lombard   (https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yem%C3%A9ni) (Yeméni – Lingala) Lingála   (https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A2%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%99) (ປະເທດເຢເມນ – Lao) ລາວ   (https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemenas) (Jemenas – Lithuanian) Lietuvių   (https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemena) (Jemena – Latvian) Latviešu   (https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaman) (Yaman – Madurese) Madhurâ   (https://mag.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8) (यमन – Magahi) मगही   (https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8) (यमन – Maithili) मैथिली   (https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD) (Емэн – Moksha) Мокшень   (https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iemena) (Iemena – Malagasy) Malagasy   (https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%AAmene) (Īmene – Māori) Māori   (https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaman) (Yaman – Minangkabau) Minangkabau   (https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD) (Јемен – Macedonian) Македонски   (https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%BB) (യെമൻ – Malayalam) മലയാളം   (https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD) (Йемен – Mongolian) Монгол   (https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9F) (ꯌꯦꯃꯦꯟ – Manipuri) ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ   (https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A8) (येमेन – Marathi) मराठी   (https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaman) (Yaman – Malay) Bahasa Melayu   (https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemen) (Jemen – Maltese) Malti   (https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%A9men) (Iémen – Mirandese) Mirandés   (https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9A%E1%80%AE%E1%80%99%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6) (ယီမင်နိုင်ငံ – Burmese) မြန်မာဘာသာ   (https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%86) (یمن – Mazanderani) مازِرونی   (https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen) (Yemen – Neapolitan) Napulitano   (https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemen) (Jemen – Low Saxon) Nedersaksies   (https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemen) (Jemen – Low German) Plattdüütsch   (https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8) (यमन – Nepali) नेपाली   (https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8) (गणतन्त्र यमन – Newari) नेपाल भाषा   (https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemen) (Jemen – Dutch) Nederlands   (https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemen) (Jemen – Norwegian Nynorsk) Norsk nynorsk   (https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemen) (Jemen – Norwegian Bokmål) Norsk bokmål   (https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen) (Yemen – Novial) Novial   (https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sh%C3%A1di%CA%BC%C3%A1%C3%A1hj%C3%AD_%C3%81s%C3%A1%C3%AD_Dine%CA%BC%C3%A9_Bik%C3%A9yah) (Shádiʼááhjí Ásáí Dineʼé Bikéyah – Navajo) Diné bizaad   (https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iem%C3%A8n) (Iemèn – Occitan) Occitan   (https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemen) (Jemen – Livvi-Karelian) Livvinkarjala   (https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaman) (Yaman – Oromo) Oromoo   (https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AD%9F%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%AE%E0%AD%87%E0%AC%A8) (ୟେମେନ – Odia) ଓଡ଼ିଆ   (https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD) (Йемен – Ossetic) Ирон   (https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AF%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A8) (ਯਮਨ – Punjabi) ਪੰਜਾਬੀ   (https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen) (Yemen – Pampanga) Kapampangan   (https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen) (Yemen – Papiamento) Papiamentu   (https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemen) (Jemen – Polish) Polski   (https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen) (Yemen – Piedmontese) Piemontèis   (https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%86) (یمن – Western Punjabi) پنجابی   (https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86) (يمن – Pashto) پښتو   (https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C3%A9men) (Iémen – Portuguese) Português   (https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaman) (Yaman – Quechua) Runa Simi   (https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen) (Yemen – Romanian) Română   (https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD) (Йемен – Russian) Русский   (https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%84%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD) (Ємен – Rusyn) Русиньскый   (https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemeni) (Yemeni – Kinyarwanda) Ikinyarwanda   (https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8) (यमन – Sanskrit) संस्कृतम्   (https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%B8%D1%8D%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD) (Йиэмэн – Yakut) Саха тыла   (https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%B1) (ᱭᱮᱢᱮᱱ – Santali) ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ   (https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemen) (Jemen – Sardinian) Sardu   (https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen) (Yemen – Sicilian) Sicilianu   (https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen) (Yemen – Scots) Scots   (https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86) (يمن – Sindhi) سنڌي   (https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemen) (Jemen – Northern Sami) Davvisámegiella   (https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemen) (Jemen – Serbo-Croatian) Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски   (https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9A%E1%82%84%E1%82%87%E1%80%99%E1%82%85%E1%81%BC%E1%80%BA%E1%82%87) (မိူင်းယႄႇမႅၼ်ႇ – Shan) တႆး   (https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%B8%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA) (යේමනය – Sinhala) සිංහල   (https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen) (Yemen – Simple English) Simple English   (https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemen) (Jemen – Slovak) Slovenčina   (https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%86) (یمن – Saraiki) سرائیکی   (https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemen) (Jemen – Slovenian) Slovenščina   (https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iemene) (Iemene – Samoan) Gagana Samoa   (https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemen) (Jemen – Inari Sami) Anarâškielâ   (https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemeni) (Yemeni – Shona) ChiShona   (https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen) (Yemen – Somali) Soomaaliga   (https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemeni) (Jemeni – Albanian) Shqip   (https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD) (Јемен – Serbian) Српски / srpski   (https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/IYemeni) (IYemeni – Swati) SiSwati   (https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemen) (Jemen – Saterland Frisian) Seeltersk   (https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaman) (Yaman – Sundanese) Sunda   (https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemen) (Jemen – Swedish) Svenska   (https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen) (Yemen – Swahili) Kiswahili   (https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jymyn) (Jymyn – Silesian) Ślůnski   (https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen) (Yemen – Sakizaya) Sakizaya   (https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D) (யெமன் – Tamil) தமிழ்   (https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen) (Yemen – Atayal) Tayal   (https://tdd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A5%9B%E1%A5%AB%E1%A5%92%E1%A5%B0_%E1%A5%95%E1%A5%A5%E1%A5%B1_%E1%A5%9B%E1%A5%A6%E1%A5%A2%E1%A5%B1) (ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥕᥥᥱ ᥛᥦᥢᥱ – Tai Nuea) ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ   (https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%86%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D) (యెమన్ – Telugu) తెలుగు   (https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iemen) (Iemen – Tetum) Tetun   (https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AF%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD) (Яман – Tajik) Тоҷикӣ   (https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99) (ประเทศเยเมน – Thai) ไทย   (https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Demen) (Ýemen – Turkmen) Türkmençe   (https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen) (Yemen – Tagalog) Tagalog   (https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C9%99m%C9%99n) (Jəmən – Talysh) Tolışi   (https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iemeni) (Iemeni – Tongan) Lea faka-Tonga   (https://tok.wikipedia.org/wiki/ma_Jaman) (ma Jaman – Toki Pona) Toki pona   (https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen) (Yemen – Tok Pisin) Tok Pisin   (https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen) (Yemen – Turkish) Türkçe   (https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen) (Yemen – Taroko) Seediq   (https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D3%99%D0%BC%D3%99%D0%BD) (Йәмән – Tatar) Татарча / tatarça   (https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen) (Yemen – Tumbuka) ChiTumbuka   (https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD) (Йемен – Udmurt) Удмурт   (https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%8A%DB%95%D9%85%DB%95%D9%86) (يەمەن – Uyghur) ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche   (https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%84%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD) (Ємен – Ukrainian) Українська   (https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%86) (یمن – Urdu) اردو   (https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaman) (Yaman – Uzbek) Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча   (https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemen) (Jemen – Venetian) Vèneto   (https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemen) (Jemen – Veps) Vepsän kel’   (https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen) (Yemen – Vietnamese) Tiếng Việt   (https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jemen) (Jemen – West Flemish) West-Vlams   (https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y%C3%A4m%C3%A4n) (Yämän – Volapük) Volapük   (https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen) (Yemen – Waray) Winaray   (https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaman) (Yaman – Wolof) Wolof   (https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%9F%E9%97%A8) (也门 – Wu) 吴语   (https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98) (იემენი – Mingrelian) მარგალური   (https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%9F) (תימן – Yiddish) ייִדיש   (https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen) (Yemen – Yoruba) Yorùbá   (https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen) (Yemen – Zhuang) Vahcuengh   (https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Je%C3%AAm%27n) (Jeêm'n – Zeelandic) Zeêuws   (https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%A2%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8E%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F) (ⵢⴰⵎⴰⵏ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight) ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ   (https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%9F%E9%96%80) (也門 – Literary Chinese) 文言   (https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen) (Yemen – Minnan) 閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gí   (https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%9F%E9%96%80) (也門 – Cantonese) 粵語   (https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%9F%E9%97%A8) (也门 – Chinese) 中文   (https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/IYemen) (IYemen – Zulu) IsiZulu    (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q805#sitelinks-wikipedia) (Edit interlanguage links) Edit links       (/wiki/Yemen) (View the content page [c]) Article   (/wiki/Talk:Yemen) (Discuss improvements to the content page [t]) Talk      English         (/wiki/Yemen) Read   (/w/index.php?title=Yemen&action=edit) (This page is protected.
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You can view its source [e])  View source   (/w/index.php?title=Yemen&action=history) (Past revisions of this page [h])  View history      General  (/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Yemen) (List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]) What links here   (/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Yemen) (Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]) Related changes   (//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard) (Upload files [u]) Upload file   (/w/index.php?title=Yemen&oldid=1371257361) (Permanent link to this revision of this page) Permanent link   (/w/index.php?title=Yemen&action=info) (More information about this page) Page information   (/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Yemen&id=1371257361&wpFormIdentifier=titleform) (Information on how to cite this page) Cite this page   (/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FYemen) Get shortened URL   (/w/index.php?title=Yemen&useparsoid=0) Switch to legacy parser      Print/export  (/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Yemen&action=show-download-screen) (Download this page as a PDF file) Download as PDF   (/w/index.php?title=Yemen&printable=yes) (Printable version of this page [p]) Printable version      In other projects  (https://abstract.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q805) Abstract Wikipedia   (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86) Wikimedia Commons   (https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Yemen) Wikinews   (https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Yemen) Wikiquote   (https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Yemen) Wikivoyage   (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q805) (Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]) Wikidata item                Appearance move to sidebar hide       (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system) (Geographic coordinate system) Coordinates : (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818)  (https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Yemen&params=15_20_54_N_44_12_23_E_region:YE_type:city) (Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location) 15°20′54″N 44°12′23″E    /   (Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location) 15.34833°N 44.20639°E  / 15.34833; 44.20639     (./Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#semi) (This article is semi-protected until August 27, 2026 at 03:16 UTC.) (Page semi-protected)       From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia    Country in West Asia (./Category:Articles_with_short_description)  (./Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata)    This article is about the country. For other uses, see (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen_(disambiguation)) (Yemen (disambiguation)) Yemen (disambiguation) .   (./Category:Wikipedia_semi-protected_pages#Yemen)   (./Category:Use_British_English_from_August_2026)  (./Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_British_English)   (./Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_October_2025)    Republic of Yemen (Arabic-language text) ٱلْجُمْهُورِيَّةُ ٱلْيَمَنِيَّةُ  (./Category:Articles_containing_Arabic-language_text)   ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_language) (Arabic language) Arabic )  (Arabic-language romanization) al-Jumhūriyyah al-Yamaniyyah       (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Flag_of_Yemen.svg) (Flag of Yemen) (Flag of Yemen)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Yemen) (Flag of Yemen) Flag   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Emblem_of_Yemen_(2).svg) (Emblem of Yemen) (Emblem of Yemen)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emblem_of_Yemen) (Emblem of Yemen) Emblem      Motto:  (Arabic-language text) ٱللَّهُ، ٱلْوَطَنُ، ٱلثَوْرَةُ، ٱلْوَحْدَةُ  (./Category:Articles_containing_Arabic-language_text)   (Arabic-language romanization) Allāh, al-Waṭan, ath-Thawrah, al-Waḥdah   "God, the Homeland, Revolution, Unity"  Anthem:  (Arabic-language text) الجمهورية المتحدة  (./Category:Articles_containing_Arabic-language_text)   (Arabic-language romanization) al-Jumhūriyyah al-Muttaḥidah   "(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_anthem_of_Yemen) (National anthem of Yemen) United Republic "   (العربية ‪(ar)‬)  (English ‪(en)‬)  (español ‪(es)‬)  (हिन्दी ‪(hi)‬)  (Bahasa Indonesia ‪(id)‬)  (日本語 ‪(ja)‬)  (українська ‪(uk)‬)  (Tiếng Việt ‪(vi)‬)  (中文（简体） ‪(zh-hans)‬)  (中文（臺灣） ‪(zh-tw)‬)         (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Yemen_(orthographic_projection)2.svg)    Show globe  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Yemen_-_Location_Map_(2013)_-_YEM_-_UNOCHA.svg)    Show map of Yemen     Capitaland largest city  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanaa) (Sanaa) Sanaa [ a]     (https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Yemen&params=15_20_54_N_44_12_23_E_region:YE_type:city) (Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location) 15°20′54″N 44°12′23″E    /   (Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location) 15.34833°N 44.20639°E  / 15.34833; 44.20639     (./Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas)    (./Category:Coordinates_on_Wikidata)    Government seat (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aden) (Aden) Aden [ b]      Official language and national language (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_Standard_Arabic) (Modern Standard Arabic) Arabic [ 2]      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_group) (Ethnic group) Ethnic groups (2000)[ 3]       92.8% (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabs) (Arabs) Arab  3.7% (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somalis_in_Yemen) (Somalis in Yemen) Somali  1.1% (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afro-Yemenis) (Afro-Yemenis) Afro-Arab  1.0% (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indians_in_Yemen) (Indians in Yemen) Indo -(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistanis_in_Yemen) (Pakistanis in Yemen) Pakistani  1.4% (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Yemen) (Demographics of Yemen) other      Religion (2020)[ 4]       ~99.1% (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_in_Yemen) (Islam in Yemen) Islam ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_religion) (State religion) official ) 65% (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunni_Islam) (Sunni Islam) Sunni  35% (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaydism) (Zaydism) Zaydi    ~0.9% (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_Yemen) (Religion in Yemen) other      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demonym) (Demonym) Demonyms  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemenis) (Yemenis) Yemeni  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Yemen) (Demographics of Yemen) Yemenite   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Yemen) (Politics of Yemen) Government  Unitary (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semi-presidential_system) (Semi-presidential system) semi-presidential republic under a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Provisional_government) (Provisional government) provisional government   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1358620234)     • (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_Yemen) (List of heads of state of Yemen) President of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_Leadership_Council) (Presidential Leadership Council) Presidential Leadership Council   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashad_al-Alimi) (Rashad al-Alimi) Rashad al-Alimi [ c]      • (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Yemen) (Prime Minister of Yemen) Prime Minister   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaea_al-Zindani) (Shaea al-Zindani) Shaea al-Zindani [ d]      • (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_speakers_of_the_House_of_Representatives_of_Yemen) (List of speakers of the House of Representatives of Yemen) President of the House of Representatives   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultan_al-Barakani) (Sultan al-Barakani) Sultan al-Barakani   • (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shura_Council_(Yemen)) (Shura Council (Yemen)) Speaker of the Shura Council   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed_Obaid_Bin_Dagher) (Ahmed Obaid Bin Dagher) Ahmed Obaid Bin Dagher     Legislature (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament) (Parliament) Parliament   • (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_house) (Upper house) Upper house   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shura_Council_(Yemen)) (Shura Council (Yemen)) Shura Council   • (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower_house) (Lower house) Lower house   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Yemen)) (House of Representatives (Yemen)) House of Representatives   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Yemen) (History of Yemen) Establishment   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1358620234)     • (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemeni_unification) (Yemeni unification) Unification   22 May 1990  • (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Yemen) (Constitution of Yemen) Current constitution   16 May 1991    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Yemen) (Geography of Yemen) Area    • Total  455,503[ 5]     km2 (175,871 sq mi) ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area) (List of countries and dependencies by area) 54th )  • Water (%)  Negligible  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Yemen) (Demographics of Yemen) Population   • 2023 estimate  (Neutral increase) (Neutral increase)    32,684,503[ 6]     ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population) (List of countries and dependencies by population) 48th )  • Density  71.8/km2 (186.0/sq mi) ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population_density) (List of countries and dependencies by population density) 143rd )  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gross_domestic_product) (Gross domestic product) GDP  ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity) (Purchasing power parity) PPP )  2025 estimate  • Total  (Increase) (Increase)    $69.960 billion[ 7]     ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)) (List of countries by GDP (PPP)) 117th )  • Per capita  (Increase) (Increase)    $1,670[ 8]     ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita) (List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita) 183rd )  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gross_domestic_product) (Gross domestic product) GDP  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488)  (nominal)  2025 estimate  • Total  (Decrease) (Decrease)    $17.400 billion[ 7]     ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)) (List of countries by GDP (nominal)) 135th )  • Per capita  (Decrease) (Decrease)    $416[ 8]     ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)_per_capita) (List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita) 190th )  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gini_coefficient) (Gini coefficient) Gini  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488)  (2014)  36.7[ 9]     medium inequality    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Development_Index) (Human Development Index) HDI  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488)  (2023)  (Increase) (Increase)     0.470[ 10]     (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494)  low   ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index) (List of countries by Human Development Index) 184th )  Currency (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemeni_rial) (Yemeni rial) Yemeni rial ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_4217) (ISO 4217) YER )  Time zone (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time) (Coordinated Universal Time) UTC +3 ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTC+03:00#Arabia_Standard_Time) (UTC+03:00) AST )  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Yemen) (Telephone numbers in Yemen) Calling code  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Yemen) (Telephone numbers in Yemen) +967   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166) (ISO 3166) ISO 3166 code  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-2:YE) (ISO 3166-2:YE) YE   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain) (Country code top-level domain) Internet TLD  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ye) (.ye) .ye  (Arabic-language text) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/اليمن.) (اليمن.) اليمن.   (./Category:Articles_containing_Arabic-language_text)      (./Category:Pages_using_infobox_country_or_infobox_former_country_with_the_symbol_caption_or_type_parameters#TYemen)   Yemen ,[ e]    officially the Republic of Yemen ,[ f]    is a country in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Asia) (West Asia) West Asia .[ 11]    Located in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Arabia) (South Arabia) southern Arabia , the country includes the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socotra_Archipelago) (Socotra Archipelago) Socotra Archipelago and borders (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia) (Saudi Arabia) Saudi Arabia to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia–Yemen_border) (Saudi Arabia–Yemen border) the north , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman) (Oman) Oman to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman–Yemen_border) (Oman–Yemen border) the northeast , the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabian_Sea) (Arabian Sea) Arabian Sea to the east, the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_of_Aden) (Gulf of Aden) Gulf of Aden to the south, and the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Sea) (Red Sea) Red Sea to the west. It also shares (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maritime_boundary) (Maritime boundary) maritime borders with (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djibouti) (Djibouti) Djibouti , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eritrea) (Eritrea) Eritrea , and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somalia) (Somalia) Somalia across the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horn_of_Africa) (Horn of Africa) Horn of Africa . Covering 455,503 square kilometres (175,871  sq  mi) ,[ 5]    with a coastline of approximately 2,000 kilometres (1,200  mi) , Yemen is the second-largest country on the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula) (Arabian Peninsula) Arabian Peninsula by area[ 12]    and the second-largest by population. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanaa) (Sanaa) Sanaa is its constitutional capital and largest city. Yemen's population is estimated at 34.7 million, predominantly (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabs) (Arabs) Arab (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslims) (Muslims) Muslims .  Owing to its geographic location, Yemen has been at the crossroads of many civilizations for over 7,000 years. The (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabaeans) (Sabaeans) Sabaeans formed a thriving commercial kingdom that (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabaeans_in_the_Horn_of_Africa) (Sabaeans in the Horn of Africa) influenced parts of modern (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopia) (Ethiopia) Ethiopia and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eritrea) (Eritrea) Eritrea .[ 13]    [ 14]    [ 15]    In AD 275, it was succeeded by the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himyarite_Kingdom) (Himyarite Kingdom) Himyarite Kingdom , which spanned much of Yemen's present-day territory and was heavily influenced by Judaism.[ 16]    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity_in_Yemen) (Christianity in Yemen) Christianity arrived in the fourth century, followed by the rapid spread of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam) (Islam) Islam in the seventh century. From its conversion to Islam, Yemen became a center of Islamic learning, and Yemenite troops played a crucial role in early Islamic conquests.[ 17]    For centuries, it was a primary producer of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee) (Coffee) coffee , exported through the port of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mocha,_Yemen) (Mocha, Yemen) Mocha . Various dynasties emerged between the ninth and sixteenth centuries.[ 18]    During the 19th century, the country was divided between the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen_Eyalet) (Yemen Eyalet) Ottoman and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Empire) (British Empire) British empires. After (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I) (World War I) World War I , the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yemen) (Kingdom of Yemen) Kingdom of Yemen was established, which in 1962 became the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen_Arab_Republic) (Yemen Arab Republic) Yemen Arab Republic (North Yemen) following the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Yemen_civil_war) (North Yemen civil war) North Yemen civil war . In 1967, the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Yemen) (South Yemen) People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (South Yemen) gained independence from the British (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aden_Protectorate) (Aden Protectorate) Aden Protectorate , becoming the first and only (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist_state) (Communist state) communist state in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_East) (Middle East) Middle East . In 1990, the two Yemeni states (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemeni_unification) (Yemeni unification) united to form the modern Republic of Yemen, with (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Abdullah_Saleh) (Ali Abdullah Saleh) Ali Abdullah Saleh serving as the first president until his resignation in 2012 in the wake of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Spring) (Arab Spring) Arab Spring .[ 19]    [ 20]     Since 2011, Yemen has been enduring (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemeni_crisis) (Yemeni crisis) a political crisis , marked by (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemeni_Revolution) (Yemeni Revolution) street protests against poverty, unemployment, corruption, and President Saleh's plan to amend (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Yemen) (Constitution of Yemen) Yemen's constitution .[ 21]    By 2015, the country became engulfed in an (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemeni_civil_war_(2014–present)) (Yemeni civil war (2014–present)) ongoing civil war with multiple entities vying for governance, including the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_Leadership_Council) (Presidential Leadership Council) Presidential Leadership Council of the internationally recognized government and the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houthi_movement) (Houthi movement) Houthi movement 's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Political_Council) (Supreme Political Council) Supreme Political Council . This conflict has led to a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Yemeni_humanitarian_crisis) (Timeline of the Yemeni humanitarian crisis) severe humanitarian crisis .[ 22]    [ 23]    [ 24]    [ 25]    [ 26]    [ 27]     Yemen is one of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Least_developed_countries) (Least developed countries) least developed countries in the world ,[ 28]    facing significant obstacles to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_development) (Sustainable development) sustainable development ,[ 29]    and is one of the poorest countries in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_East_and_North_Africa) (Middle East and North Africa) Middle East and North Africa .[ 30]    In 2019, the United Nations reported that Yemen had the highest number of people in need of humanitarian aid, amounting to about 24 million individuals, or nearly 75% of its population.[ 31]    It is a member of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_League) (Arab League) Arab League , the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations) (United Nations) United Nations , the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement) (Non-Aligned Movement) Non-Aligned Movement , and the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation) (Organisation of Islamic Cooperation) Organisation of Islamic Cooperation .(./Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements)  (./Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2026)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed) (Wikipedia:Citation needed) (This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2026)) citation needed   ]     Etymology  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Further information: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Arabia) (South Arabia) South Arabia  The term Yamnat was first mentioned in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_South_Arabian) (Old South Arabian) Old South Arabian inscriptions on the title of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shammar_Yahri'sh) (Shammar Yahri'sh) Shammar Yahri'sh , a kings of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himyar) (Himyar) Himyar . The term probably referred to the southwestern coastline of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula) (Arabian Peninsula) Arabian Peninsula and the southern coastline between (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aden) (Aden) Aden and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadhramaut) (Hadhramaut) Hadhramaut .[ 32]    [ 33]     One etymology derives Yemen from ymnt , meaning literally "the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Arabia) (South Arabia) South ", as (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic) (Arabic) Arabic derives cardinal directions based on (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Map#Orientation) (Map) orientation towards the east, hence the underlying (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_(linguistics)) (Root (linguistics)) linguistic root is ymn ((https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/yamīn-) (wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/yamīn-) 𐩺𐩣𐩬 in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_South_Arabian_script) (Ancient South Arabian script) South Arabian alphabet ) meaning "right".[ 34]    Other sources claim that Yemen is related to yamn or yumn , meaning "blessed", as the country is fertile, in contrast to the rest of Arabia.[ 35]    [ 36]      History  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Yemen) (History of Yemen) History of Yemen  Ancient history  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_history_of_Yemen) (Ancient history of Yemen) Ancient history of Yemen  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jemen1988-022_hg.jpg)   Ruins of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marib_Dam) (Marib Dam) Great Dam of Marib   With its long sea border between eastern and western civilizations, Yemen has long existed at a crossroads of cultures with a strategic location in terms of trade on the west of the Arabian Peninsula. Large settlements existed in the mountains of northern Yemen since 5000 BC.[ 37]    The four major kingdoms in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Arabia) (South Arabia) South Arabia were Saba, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadhramaut) (Hadhramaut) Hadhramaut , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qataban) (Qataban) Qataban , and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minaeans) (Minaeans) Ma'in .[ 38]    [ 15]    [ 39]     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabaeans) (Sabaeans) Sabaʾ  ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_language) (Arabic language) Arabic :  سَـبَـأ (./Category:Articles_containing_Arabic-language_text)  )[ 40]    [ 41]    is thought to be biblical Sheba and was the most prominent federation.[ 42]    Sabaean rulers adopted a title generally thought to mean unifier ,[ 43]    as the role of the Mukarrib was to bring the various tribes under their kingdom.[ 44]    Saba built the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marib_Dam) (Marib Dam) Great Dam of Marib around 940 BC.[ 45]     By the third century BC, Qataban, Hadhramaut, and Ma'in became independent from Saba. Ma'in stretched to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dedanites) (Dedanites) Dedan ,[ 46]    with their capital at (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baraqish) (Baraqish) Baraqish . The Sabaeans regained their hegemony in South Arabia, by establishing control over Ma'in, after the collapse of Qataban in 50 BC.[ 47]     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aelius_Gallus) (Aelius Gallus) Aelius Gallus led a military campaign against the Sabaeans.[ 48]    A Roman army of 10,000 men was defeated before reaching (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marib) (Marib) Marib .[ 49]    The Romans took six months to reach Marib and 60 days to return to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt) (Egypt) Egypt .[ 50]     The country fell into chaos, with (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banu_Hamdan) (Banu Hamdan) Hamdan and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himyar) (Himyar) Himyar claiming kingship, assuming the title King of Sheba and Dhu Raydan.[ 51]    Dhu Raydan allied themselves with (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksum) (Aksum) Aksum against the Sabaeans.[ 52]    The chief of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakil) (Bakil) Bakil and king of Saba and Dhu Raydan, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilasaros) (Ilasaros) El Sharih Yahdhib , launched successful campaigns against the Himyarites and Aksum.[ 53]    Sanaa came into prominence during his reign, as he built the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghumdan_Palace) (Ghumdan Palace) Ghumdan Palace as his place of residence.(./Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements)  (./Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2026)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed) (Wikipedia:Citation needed) (This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2026)) citation needed   ]   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dhamar_Ali_Yahbur_(bust).jpg)   A bronze statue of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhamar_Ali_Yahbur) (Dhamar Ali Yahbur) Dhamar Ali Yahbur I , a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himyarite_Kingdom) (Himyarite Kingdom) Himyarite king who probably reigned in the late 3rd or early 4th century AD, displayed in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Museum_of_Yemen) (National Museum of Yemen) National Museum of Yemen   The Himyarites annexed Sanaa from Hamdan around 100 AD.[ 54]    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hashid) (Hashid) Hashdi tribesmen rebelled and regained Sanaa around 180.[ 55]    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shammar_Yahri'sh) (Shammar Yahri'sh) Shammar Yahri'sh had conquered Hadhramaut, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Najran) (Najran) Najran , and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tihamah) (Tihamah) Tihamah by 275, thus unifying Yemen and consolidating Himyarite rule.[ 56]    [ 57]    The Himyarites rejected (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polytheism) (Polytheism) polytheism and adhered to monotheistic (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rahmanism) (Rahmanism) Rahmanism .[ 58]     By 515, Himyar became increasingly divided along religious lines and civil turmoil led to an (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aksum) (Aksum) Aksumite intervention. The last Himyarite king Ma'adikarib Ya'fur was supported by Aksum against his Jewish rivals. Ma'adikarib was Christian and launched a campaign against the[ 59]    Persia-allied Lakhmids[ 60]    in southern (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq) (Iraq) Iraq , with Arabs allied to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantium) (Byzantium) Byzantium supporting.[ 59]     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:British_Museum_Yemen_04.jpg)   Bronze hand with an inscribed prayer in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himyaritic) (Himyaritic) Himyaritic to god (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ta'lab) (Ta'lab) Ta'lab   After the death of Ma'adikarib Ya'fur around 521, a Himyarite Jewish warlord called (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhu_Nuwas) (Dhu Nuwas) Dhu Nuwas rose to power. Emperor (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justinian_I) (Justinian I) Justinian I wanted the Himyarites to attack Persia. The Romans were successful in religiously converting[ 61]    and culturally influencing Aksum.[ 62]     Yazid bin Kabshat, a Kendite prince, rebelled against Abraha(./Category:All_articles_with_specifically_marked_weasel-worded_phrases)  (./Category:Articles_with_specifically_marked_weasel-worded_phrases_from_August_2026)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions) (Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch) (The material near this tag possibly uses too-vague attribution or weasel words. (August 2026)) who?   ]  and his Arab Christian allies. A truce was reached when the Great Dam of Marib was damaged.[ 63]    After Abraha died around 570, the Sassanids annexed Yemen. Under their rule, Yemen, except for Aden and Sanaa, enjoyed significant autonomy. The annexation ended ancient South Arabian civilization, with the country being fractured between clans, until the arrival of Islam.[ 64]      Islamic era  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Great_Mosque_of_Sana'a1.jpg)   The interior of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Mosque_of_Sanaa) (Great Mosque of Sanaa) Great Mosque of Sanaa , the oldest mosque in Yemen  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad) (Muhammad) Muhammad sent his cousin (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali) (Ali) Ali to Sanaa and its surroundings around 630. At the time, Yemen was the most advanced region in Arabia.[ 65]    The (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banu_Hamdan) (Banu Hamdan) Banu Hamdan confederation was among the first to accept Islam. Muhammad sent (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muadh_ibn_Jabal) (Muadh ibn Jabal) Muadh ibn Jabal , as well to Al-Janad, in present-day (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiz) (Taiz) Taiz , and dispatched letters to various tribal leaders.[ 66]    Major tribes, including Himyar, sent delegations to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medina) (Medina) Medina during the "year of delegations" around 630–631. Several Yemenis accepted Islam before 630, such as (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammar_ibn_Yasir) (Ammar ibn Yasir) Ammar ibn Yasir , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Ala'a_Al-Hadrami) (Al-Ala'a Al-Hadrami) Al-Ala'a Al-Hadrami , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miqdad_ibn_Aswad) (Miqdad ibn Aswad) Miqdad ibn Aswad , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Musa_Ashaari) (Abu Musa Ashaari) Abu Musa Ashaari , and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharhabeel_ibn_Hasana) (Sharhabeel ibn Hasana) Sharhabeel ibn Hasana . A man named (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aswad_Ansi) (Aswad Ansi) 'Abhala ibn Ka'ab Al-Ansi expelled the remaining Persians and claimed he was a prophet of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rahman_(Islamic_term)) (Rahman (Islamic term)) Rahman . He was assassinated by a Yemeni of Persian origin called (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fayruz_al-Daylami) (Fayruz al-Daylami) Fayruz al-Daylami . Christians, who were mainly staying in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Najran) (Najran) Najran along with Jews, agreed to pay (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jizya) (Jizya) jizyah  ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_language) (Arabic language) Arabic :  جِـزْيَـة (./Category:Articles_containing_Arabic-language_text)  ), although some Jews converted to Islam, such as (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahb_ibn_Munabbih) (Wahb ibn Munabbih) Wahb ibn Munabbih and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka'ab_al-Ahbar) (Ka'ab al-Ahbar) Ka'ab al-Ahbar .[ 67]     Yemen was stable during the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashidun_Caliphate) (Rashidun Caliphate) Rashidun Caliphate . Yemeni tribes played a pivotal role in the Islamic expansion into Egypt, Iraq, Persia, the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levant) (Levant) Levant , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anatolia) (Anatolia) Anatolia , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Africa) (North Africa) North Africa , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Islam_in_Southern_Italy) (History of Islam in Southern Italy) Sicily , and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andalusia) (Andalusia) Andalusia .[ 68]    [ 69]    [ 70]    Yemeni tribes who settled in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria) (Syria) Syria contributed significantly to the solidification of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umayyad_Caliphate) (Umayyad Caliphate) Umayyad rule, especially during the reign of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marwan_I) (Marwan I) Marwan I . Powerful Yemenite tribes such as Kinda were on his side during the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Marj_Rahit_(684)) (Battle of Marj Rahit (684)) Battle of Marj Rahit .[ 71]    [ 72]     Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Ziyad founded the Ziyadid dynasty in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tihamah) (Tihamah) Tihamah around 818. The state stretched from (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Qunfudhah) (Al Qunfudhah) Haly (in present-day Saudi Arabia) to Aden. They nominally recognized the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbasid_Caliphate) (Abbasid Caliphate) Abbasid Caliphate but ruled independently from (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zabid) (Zabid) Zabid .[ 73]    By virtue of its location, they developed a special relationship with (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopia) (Ethiopia) Abyssinia . The chief of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dahlak_Archipelago) (Dahlak Archipelago) Dahlak islands exported slaves, as well as amber and leopard hides, to the ruler of Yemen.[ 74]    They controlled only a small portion of the coastal strip in Tihamah along the Red Sea, and never exercised control over the highlands and Hadhramaut.[ 75]    A Himyarite clan called the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yufirids) (Yufirids) Yufirids established their rule over the highlands from (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saada) (Saada) Saada to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiz) (Taiz) Taiz , while Hadhramaut was an Ibadi stronghold and rejected all allegiance to the Abbasids in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad) (Baghdad) Baghdad .[ 73]     The first (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaidiyyah) (Zaidiyyah) Zaidi imam, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Hadi_ila'l-Haqq_Yahya) (Al-Hadi ila'l-Haqq Yahya) Yahya ibn al-Husayn , arrived in Yemen in 893. He was a religious cleric and judge who was invited to come to Saada from Medina to arbitrate tribal disputes.[ 76]    Yahya persuaded local tribesmen to follow his teachings. The sect slowly spread across the highlands, as the tribes of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hashid) (Hashid) Hashid and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakil) (Bakil) Bakil , later known as "the twin wings of the imamate", accepted his authority.[ 77]    He founded the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rassids) (Rassids) Zaidi imamate in 897. Yahya established his influence in Saada and Najran. He also tried to capture Sanaa from the Yufirids in 901 but failed miserably.(./Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements)  (./Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2026)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed) (Wikipedia:Citation needed) (This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2026)) citation needed   ]   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jibla,_Yemen_(14262696121).jpg)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jibla,_Yemen) (Jibla, Yemen) Jibla became the capital of the dynasty. Featured is the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen_Arwa_Mosque) (Queen Arwa Mosque) Queen Arwa Mosque .  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Arwa_al-_Sulaihi_Palace_1.jpg)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palace_of_Queen_Arwa) (Palace of Queen Arwa) Queen Arwa al-Sulaihi Palace   The (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulayhid_dynasty) (Sulayhid dynasty) Sulayhid dynasty was founded in the northern highlands around 1040; at the time, Yemen was ruled by different local dynasties. In 1060, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_al-Sulayhi) (Ali al-Sulayhi) Ali ibn Muhammad Al-Sulayhi conquered Zabid and killed its ruler Al-Najah, founder of the Najahid dynasty.[ 78]    Hadhramaut fell into Sulayhid hands after their capture of Aden in 1162.[ 79]     By 1063, Ali had subjugated (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Yemen) (Greater Yemen) Greater Yemen .[ 80]    He then marched toward (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hejaz) (Hejaz) Hejaz and occupied (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Makkah) (Makkah) Makkah .[ 81]    Ali was married to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asma_bint_Shihab) (Asma bint Shihab) Asma bint Shihab , who governed Yemen with her husband.[ 82]     Ali al-Sulayhi was killed by Najah's sons on his way to Mecca in 1084. His son Ahmed Al-Mukarram led an army to Zabid and killed 8,000 of its inhabitants.[ 83]    He later installed the Zurayids to govern Aden. Al-Mukarram, who had been injured, retired in 1087 and handed over power to his wife (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arwa_al-Sulayhi) (Arwa al-Sulayhi) Arwa al-Sulayhi .[ 84]    Queen Arwa moved the seat of the Sulayhid dynasty from Sanaa to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jibla,_Yemen) (Jibla, Yemen) Jibla , a small town in central Yemen near (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibb) (Ibb) Ibb . She sent Ismaili missionaries to India, where a significant Ismaili community was formed that exists to this day.[ 85]     Queen Arwa continued to rule until her death in 1138.[ 85]    She is remembered as a great and much-loved sovereign, as attested in Yemeni historiography, literature, and popular lore, where she is referred to as Balqis al-sughra ((literal translation) lit.   ' the junior queen of Sheba ' ).[ 86]    Shortly after Arwa's death, the country was split between five competing petty dynasties along religious lines.[ 87]    The (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayyubid_dynasty) (Ayyubid dynasty) Ayyubid dynasty overthrew the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatimid_Caliphate) (Fatimid Caliphate) Fatimid Caliphate in Egypt. A few years after their rise to power, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saladin) (Saladin) Saladin dispatched his brother (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turan_Shah) (Turan Shah) Turan Shah to conquer Yemen in 1174.[ 88]     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turan_Shah) (Turan Shah) Turan Shah conquered Zabid from the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahdids) (Mahdids) Mahdids in 1174, then marched toward Aden in June and captured it from the Zurayids.[ 89]    The (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamdanid_sultans) (Hamdanid sultans) Hamdanid sultans of Sanaa resisted the Ayyubid in 1175, and the Ayyubids did not manage to secure Sanaa until 1189.[ 90]    The Ayyubid rule was stable in southern and central Yemen, where they succeeded in eliminating the ministates of that region, while Ismaili and Zaidi tribesmen continued to hold out in several fortresses.[ 90]     The Ayyubids failed to capture the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaydism) (Zaydism) Zaydis stronghold in northern Yemen.[ 91]    In 1191, Zaydis of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shibam_Kawkaban_District) (Shibam Kawkaban District) Shibam Kawkaban rebelled and killed 700 Ayyubid soldiers.[ 92]    Imam (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Mansur_Abdallah) (Al-Mansur Abdallah) Abdullah bin Hamza proclaimed the imamate in 1197 and fought al-Mu'izz Ismail, the Ayyubid Sultan of Yemen. Imam Abdullah was defeated at first but was able to conquer Sanaa and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhamar,_Yemen) (Dhamar, Yemen) Dhamar in 1198,[ 93]    and al-Mu'izz Ismail was assassinated in 1202.[ 94]     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Mansur_Abdallah) (Al-Mansur Abdallah) Abdullah bin Hamza carried on the struggle against the Ayyubid until his death in 1217. After his demise, the Zaidi community was split between two rival imams. The Zaydis were dispersed, and a truce was signed with the Ayyubid in 1219.[ 95]    The Ayyubid army was defeated in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhamar,_Yemen) (Dhamar, Yemen) Dhamar in 1226.[ 95]    Ayyubid Sultan Mas'ud Yusuf left for Mecca in 1228, never to return.[ 96]    Other sources suggest that he was forced to leave for Egypt instead in 1223.[ 97]     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Taiz_(15095300476)_(cropped).jpg)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qahira_Castle) (Al-Qahira Castle) Al-Qahira Castle in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taiz) (Taiz) Taiz , the capital of Yemen under the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasulid_dynasty) (Rasulid dynasty) Rasulid dynasty   The (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rasulid_dynasty) (Rasulid dynasty) Rasulid dynasty was established in 1229 by (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Mansur_Umar) (Al-Mansur Umar) Umar ibn Ali , who was appointed deputy governor by the Ayyubids in 1223. When the last Ayyubid ruler left Yemen in 1229, Umar stayed in the country as caretaker. He subsequently declared himself an independent king by assuming the title "al-Malik Al-Mansur" (the king assisted by (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allah) (Allah) Allah ).[ 97]     Umar first established himself at Zabid, then moved into the mountainous interior, taking the important highland centre Sanaa. However, the Rasulid capitals were Zabid and Taiz. He was assassinated by his nephew in 1249.[ 96]    Omar's son (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Muzaffar_Yusuf_I) (Al-Muzaffar Yusuf I) Yusuf defeated the faction led by his father's assassins and crushed several counterattacks by the Zaydi imams who still held on in the northern highland. Mainly because of the victories he scored over his rivals, he assumed the honorific title "al-Muzaffar" (the victorious).[ 98]     After the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Baghdad_(1258)) (Siege of Baghdad (1258)) fall of Baghdad to the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongols) (Mongols) Mongols in 1258, al-Muzaffar Yusuf I appropriated the title of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caliph) (Caliph) caliph .[ 98]    He chose the city of Taiz to become the political capital of the kingdom because of its strategic location and proximity to Aden.[ 99]    The Rasulid sultans built numerous (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madrasa) (Madrasa) Madrasas to solidify the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shafi'i) (Shafi'i) Shafi'i school of thought, which was successful.[ 100]    Under their rule, Taiz and Zabid became major international centres of Islamic learning.[ 101]    The kings were educated men in their own right, who not only had important libraries but also wrote treatises on a wide array of subjects, ranging from astrology and medicine to agriculture and genealogy.[ 99]     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Slaves_Zadib_Yemen_13th_century_BNF_Paris.jpg)   A 13th-century book illustration produced in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baghdad) (Baghdad) Baghdad by (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahya_ibn_Mahmud_al-Wasiti) (Yahya ibn Mahmud al-Wasiti) al-Wasiti showing a slave-market in the town of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zabid) (Zabid) Zabid in Yemen  They had a difficult relationship with the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mamluks_of_Egypt) (Mamluks of Egypt) Mamluks of Egypt because the latter considered them a vassal state.[ 99]    Their competition centred over the Hejaz and the right to provide (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiswa) (Kiswa) kiswa  of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka'aba) (Ka'aba) Ka'aba in Mecca.[ 99]    The dynasty became increasingly threatened by disgruntled family members over the problem of succession, combined with periodic tribal revolts, as they were locked in a war of attrition with the Zaydi imams in the northern highlands.[ 101]    During the last 12 years of Rasulid rule, the country was torn between several contenders for the kingdom. The weakening of the Rasulid provided an opportunity for the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahirids_(Yemen)) (Tahirids (Yemen)) Banu Taher clan to take over and establish themselves as the new rulers of Yemen in 1454 AD.[ 100]     The (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahirids_(Yemen)) (Tahirids (Yemen)) Tahirids were a local clan based in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rada'_District) (Rada' District) Rada'a . They built schools, mosques, and irrigation channels, as well as water cisterns and bridges in Zabid, Aden, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rada'a) (Rada'a) Rada'a , and Juban. Their best-known monument is the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amiriya_Madrasa) (Amiriya Madrasa) Amiriya Madrasa in Rada' District, which was built in 1504.[ 102]    The Tahirids were too weak either to contain the Zaydi imams or to defend themselves against foreign attacks.(./Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements)  (./Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2026)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed) (Wikipedia:Citation needed) (This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2026)) citation needed   ]   Realizing how rich the Tahirid realm was, the Mamluks decided to conquer it.[ 103]    The Mamluk army, with the support of forces loyal to Zaydi Imam (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Mutawakkil_Yahya_Sharaf_ad-Din) (Al-Mutawakkil Yahya Sharaf ad-Din) Al-Mutawakkil Yahya Sharaf ad-Din , conquered the entire Tahirid realm but failed to capture Aden in 1517. The Mamluk victory was short-lived. The (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire) (Ottoman Empire) Ottoman Empire conquered Egypt, hanging the last Mamluk Sultan in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cairo) (Cairo) Cairo .[ 103]    The Ottomans had not decided to conquer Yemen until 1538. The Zaydi highland tribes emerged as national heroes[ 104]    by offering stiff, vigorous resistance to the Turkish occupation.[ 105]    The Mamluks tried to attach Yemen to Egypt and the Portuguese led by (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afonso_de_Albuquerque) (Afonso de Albuquerque) Afonso de Albuquerque , occupied the island of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socotra) (Socotra) Socotra and made an unsuccessful attack on Aden in 1513.[ 106]     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Assault_on_Aden.jpg)   Portuguese Viceroy (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afonso_de_Albuquerque) (Afonso de Albuquerque) Afonso de Albuquerque failed twice to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Aden_(1513)) (Siege of Aden (1513)) conquer Aden , though the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portuguese_Empire) (Portuguese Empire) Portuguese Empire managed to rule (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socotra) (Socotra) Socotra until 1511  Starting in the 15th century, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portugal) (Portugal) Portugal intervened, dominating the port of Aden for about 20 years and maintaining a fortified enclave on the island of Socotra during this period. From the 16th century, the Portuguese posed an immediate threat to Indian Ocean trade. The Mamluks therefore sent an army under Hussein al-Kurdi to fight the intruders [ 107]    The Mamluk sultan went to Zabid in 1515 and entered into diplomatic talks with the Tahiri sultan 'Amir bin Abdulwahab for money that would be needed for the jihad against the Portuguese. Instead of confronting them, the Mamluks, who were running out of food and water, landed on the coast of Yemen and began harassing the villagers of Tihamah to obtain the supplies they needed.(./Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements)  (./Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2026)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed) (Wikipedia:Citation needed) (This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2026)) citation needed   ]   The interest of Portugal on the Red Sea consisted on the one hand of guaranteeing contacts with a Christian ally in Ethiopia and on the other of being able to attack Mecca and the Arab territories from the rear, while still having absolute dominance over trade of spices, the main intention was to dominate the commerce of the cities on the coast of Africa and Arabia.[ 108]    To this end, Portugal sought to influence and dominate by force or persuasion all the ports and kingdoms that fought among themselves. It was common for Portugal to keep under its influence the Arab allies that were interested in maintaining independence from other Arab states in the region.[ 109]      Modern era  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   See also: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_history_of_Yemen) (Modern history of Yemen) Modern history of Yemen , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qasimid_State) (Qasimid State) Qasimid State , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen_Eyalet) (Yemen Eyalet) Yemen Eyalet , and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemeni–Ottoman_conflicts) (Yemeni–Ottoman conflicts) Yemeni–Ottoman conflicts  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Jemen1988-153_hg.jpg)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Bakiriyya_Mosque) (Al-Bakiriyya Mosque) Al Bakiriyya Ottoman Mosque in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanaa) (Sanaa) Sanaa was built in 1597.  The Ottomans had two fundamental interests to safeguard in Yemen—the Islamic holy cities of Mecca and Medina, and the trade route with India for spices and textiles, both threatened, and the latter virtually eclipsed, by the arrival of the Portuguese in the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea in the early 16th century.[ 110]    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadım_Suleiman_Pasha) (Hadım Suleiman Pasha) Hadım Suleiman Pasha , the Ottoman governor of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyalet_of_Egypt) (Eyalet of Egypt) Egypt , stormed Aden in 1538, and extended Ottoman authority to include Zabid in 1539, making it the administrative headquarters of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen_Eyalet) (Yemen Eyalet) Yemen Eyalet , and eventually taking (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tihamah) (Tihamah) Tihamah in its entirety.[ 111]    The Ottoman governors did not exercise much control over the highlands. They held sway mainly in the southern coastal region, particularly around Zabid, Mocha, and Aden.[ 112]     In 1632, Al-Mu'ayyad Muhammad sent an expeditionary force of 1,000 men to conquer Mecca.[ 113]    The army entered the city in triumph and killed its governor.[ 113]    The Ottomans sent an army from Egypt to fight the Yemenites.[ 113]    Seeing that the Turkish army was too numerous to overcome, the Yemeni army retreated to a valley outside Mecca.[ 114]    Ottoman troops attacked the Yemenis by hiding at the wells that supplied them with water. This plan proceeded successfully, causing the Yemenis over 200 casualties, most from thirst.[ 114]    The tribesmen eventually surrendered and returned to Yemen.[ 115]    Al-Mu'ayyad Muhammad died in 1644. He was succeeded by (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Mutawakkil_Isma'il) (Al-Mutawakkil Isma'il) Al-Mutawakkil Isma'il , another son of al-Mansur al-Qasim, who conquered Yemen in its entirety.[ 116]    [ 117]    [ 118]    [ 119]     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Mocha1692.jpg)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mokha) (Mokha) Mokha was Yemen's busiest port in the 17th and 18th centuries.  Yemen became the sole (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_bean) (Coffee bean) coffee producer in the world.[ 120]    The country established diplomatic relations with the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safavid_dynasty) (Safavid dynasty) Safavid dynasty of Persia, Ottomans of Hejaz, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mughal_Empire) (Mughal Empire) Mughal Empire in India, and Ethiopia, as well. In the first half of the 18th century, the Europeans broke Yemen's monopoly on coffee by smuggling coffee trees and cultivating them in their own colonies in the East Indies, East Africa, the West Indies, and Latin America.[ 121]    The imamate did not follow a cohesive mechanism for succession, and family quarrels and tribal insubordination led to the political decline of the Qasimi dynasty in the 18th century.[ 122]     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Yem5.jpg)   The building of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legislative_Council_of_Aden) (Legislative Council of Aden) Legislative Council of Aden , built by the English in the 19th century as St. Mary's Church , was converted into the building of the Legislative Council in the 1960s, and is now a museum.  The British were looking for a coal depot to service their steamers en route to India. It took 700 tons of coal for a round-trip from (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suez) (Suez) Suez to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombay) (Bombay) Bombay . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_India_Company) (East India Company) East India Company officials decided on (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aden) (Aden) Aden . The (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Empire) (British Empire) British Empire tried to reach an agreement with the Zaydi imam of Sanaa, permitting them a foothold in Mocha, and when unable to secure their position, they extracted a similar agreement from the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sultanate_of_Lahej) (Sultanate of Lahej) Sultan of Lahej , enabling them to consolidate a position in Aden.[ 123]    The British managed to occupy Aden and evicted the Sultan of Lahej from Aden and forced him to accept their "protection".[ 123]    In November 1839, 5,000 tribesmen tried to retake the town but were repulsed and 200 were killed.(./Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements)  (./Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2026)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed) (Wikipedia:Citation needed) (This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2026)) citation needed   ]   With emigrants from India, East Africa, and Southeast Asia, Aden grew into a world city. In 1850, only 980 Arabs were registered as original inhabitants of the city.[ 124]    The English presence in Aden put them at odds with the Ottomans. The Turks asserted to the British that they held sovereignty over the whole of Arabia, including Yemen as the successor of Mohammed and the Chief of the Universal Caliphate.[ 125]     The Ottomans were concerned about the British expansion from the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Raj) (British Raj) British-ruled subcontinent to the Red Sea and Arabia. They returned to the Tihamah in 1849 after an absence of two centuries.[ 126]    Rivalries and disturbances continued among the Zaydi imams, between them and their deputies, with the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulema) (Ulema) ulema , with the heads of tribes, as well as with those who belonged to other sects. Some citizens of Sanaa were desperate to return law and order to Yemen and asked the Ottoman Pasha in Tihamah to pacify the country.[ 127]    The opening of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suez_Canal) (Suez Canal) Suez Canal in 1869 strengthened the Ottoman decision to remain in Yemen.[ 128]    By 1873, the Ottomans succeeded in conquering the northern highlands. Sanaa became the administrative capital of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen_Vilayet) (Yemen Vilayet) Yemen Vilayet . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Group_of_men_in_Yemen.tif)   Ottoman soldiers with Yemeni locals, late 1800s  The Ottomans learned from their previous experience and worked on the disempowerment of local lords in the highland regions. They even attempted to secularize the Yemeni society, while (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemenite_Jews) (Yemenite Jews) Yemenite Jews came to perceive themselves in Yemeni nationalist terms.[ 129]    The Ottomans appeased the tribes by forgiving their rebellious chiefs and appointing them to administrative posts. They introduced a series of reforms to enhance the country's economic welfare. However, corruption was widespread in the Ottoman administration in Yemen. This was because only the worst of the officials were appointed because those who could avoid serving in Yemen did so.[ 130]    The Ottomans had reasserted control over the highlands for a temporary duration.[ 126]    The so-called (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzimat) (Tanzimat) Tanzimat  reforms were considered heretic by the Zaydi tribes. In 1876, the Hashid and Bakil tribes rebelled against the Ottomans; the Turks had to appease them with gifts to end the uprising.[ 131]     The tribal chiefs were difficult to appease and an endless cycle of violence curbed Ottoman efforts to pacify the land. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed_Izzet_Pasha) (Ahmed Izzet Pasha) Ahmed Izzet Pasha proposed that the Ottoman army evacuate the highlands and confine itself to Tihamah, and not unnecessarily burden itself with continuing military operation against the Zaydi tribes.[ 130]    Imam (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahya_Muhammad_Hamid_ed-Din) (Yahya Muhammad Hamid ed-Din) Yahya Hamidaddin led a rebellion against the Turks in 1904; the rebels disrupted the Ottoman ability to govern.[ 132]    The revolts between 1904 and 1911 were especially damaging to the Ottomans, costing them as many as 10,000 soldiers and as much as 500,000 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pound_sterling) (Pound sterling) pounds per year.[ 133]    The Ottomans signed a treaty with imam Yahya Hamidaddin in 1911. Under the treaty, Imam Yahya was recognized as an autonomous leader of the Zaydi northern highlands. The Ottomans continued to rule (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shafi'i) (Shafi'i) Shafi'i areas in the mid-south until their departure in 1918.(./Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements)  (./Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2026)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed) (Wikipedia:Citation needed) (This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2026)) citation needed   ]   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Violet_line-EN.png)   Map showing the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violet_Line_(1914)) (Violet Line (1914)) Violet Line   In 1914, following the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Ottoman_Convention_of_1913) (Anglo-Ottoman Convention of 1913) Anglo-Ottoman Convention of 1913 , the British and the Ottomans divided (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula) (Arabian Peninsula) Arabia into two parts: the northwest under Ottoman control and influence, and the southeast under British control and influence.[ 134]    A further agreement, which came to be later known as the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violet_Line_(1914)) (Violet Line (1914)) Violet Line , was negotiated.[ 134]     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dar_al_hajar.jpg)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dar_al-Hajar) (Dar al-Hajar) Dar al-Hajar , Imam (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahya_Muhammad_Hamid_ed-Din) (Yahya Muhammad Hamid ed-Din) Yahya Hamid Ed-Din 's house near Sanaa  Imam Yahya hamid ed-Din al-Mutawakkil was ruling the northern highlands independently from 1911, from which he began a conquest of the Yemen lands. In 1925 Yahya captured al-Hudaydah from the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idrisid_dynasty) (Idrisid dynasty) Idrisids .[ 135]    In 1927, Yahya's forces were about 50  km (30  mi) away from Aden, Taiz, and Ibb, and were bombed by the British for five days; the imam had to pull back.[ 136]    Small (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedouin) (Bedouin) Bedouin forces, mainly from the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madh'hij) (Madh'hij) Madh'hij confederation of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marib) (Marib) Marib , attacked (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shabwah_Governorate) (Shabwah Governorate) Shabwah but were bombed by the British and had to retreat.(./Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements)  (./Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2026)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed) (Wikipedia:Citation needed) (This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2026)) citation needed   ]   The (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_Empire) (Italian Empire) Italian Empire was the first to recognize Yahya as the king of Yemen in 1926. This created a great deal of anxiety for the British, who interpreted it as recognition of Imam Yahya's claim to sovereignty over Greater Yemen, which included the Aden protectorate and Asir.[ 137]    The Idrisis turned to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_Saud) (Ibn Saud) Ibn Saud seeking his protection from Yahya. However, in 1932, the Idrisis broke their accord with Ibn Saud and went back to Yahya seeking help against Ibn Saud, who had begun liquidating their authority and expressed his desire to annex those territories into his own Saudi domain.[ 138]    [ 139]    Yahya demanded the return of all Idrisi dominion.[ 138]     Negotiations between Yahya and Ibn Saud proved fruitless. After the 1934 Saudi-Yemeni war, Ibn Saud announced a ceasefire in May 1934.[ 140]    Imam Yahya agreed to release Saudi hostages and the surrender of the Idrisis to Saudi custody. Imam Yahya ceded the three provinces of Najran, Asir, and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jizan_Region) (Jizan Region) Jazan for 20 years.[ 141]    and signed another treaty with the British government in 1934. The imam recognized the British sovereignty over Aden protectorate for 40 years.[ 142]    Out of fear for (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Hudaydah) (Al Hudaydah) Hudaydah , Yahya did submit to these demands.(./Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements)  (./Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2026)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed) (Wikipedia:Citation needed) (This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2026)) citation needed   ]   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Queen_Elizabeth_in_Aden_1954.jpg)   Queen (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_II) (Elizabeth II) Elizabeth II holding a sword, prepared to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knight) (Knight) knight subjects in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aden) (Aden) Aden as part of a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1954_royal_visit_to_Aden_by_Elizabeth_II_of_the_United_Kingdom) (1954 royal visit to Aden by Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom) 1954 visit . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Philip,_Duke_of_Edinburgh) (Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh) Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh is at right.  Starting in 1890, hundreds of Yemeni people from Hajz, Al-Baetha, and Taiz migrated to Aden to work at ports, and as labourers. This helped the population of Aden once again become predominantly Arab after, having been declared a free zone, it had become mostly foreigners. During World War II, Aden had increasing economic growth and became the second-busiest port in the world after (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City) (New York City) New York City .[ 143]    After the rise of labour unions, a rift was apparent between the sectors of workers and the first signs of resistance to the occupation started in 1943.[ 143]    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Luqman) (Muhammad Ali Luqman) Muhammad Ali Luqman founded the first Arabic club and school in Aden, and was the first to start working towards a union.[ 144]     The (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colony_of_Aden) (Colony of Aden) Colony of Aden was divided into an eastern colony and a western colony. Those were further divided into 23 sultanates and emirates, and several independent tribes that had no relationships with the sultanates. The deal between the sultanates and Britain detailed protection and complete control of foreign relations by the British. The Sultanate of Lahej was the only one in which the sultan was referred to as His Highness .[ 145]    The (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federation_of_South_Arabia) (Federation of South Arabia) Federation of South Arabia was created by the British to counter (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_nationalism) (Arab nationalism) Arab nationalism by giving more freedom to the rulers of the nations.[ 146]     The (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Yemen_Civil_War) (North Yemen Civil War) North Yemen Civil War inspired many in the south to rise against the British rule. The (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Liberation_Front_(Yemen)) (National Liberation Front (Yemen)) National Liberation Front (NLF) of Yemen was formed with the leadership of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qahtan_Muhammad_al-Shaabi) (Qahtan Muhammad al-Shaabi) Qahtan Muhammad Al-Shaabi . The NLF hoped to destroy all the sultanates and eventually unite with the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen_Arab_Republic) (Yemen Arab Republic) Yemen Arab Republic . Most of the support for the NLF came from (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radfan) (Radfan) Radfan and Yafa, so the British launched (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radfan_Campaign) (Radfan Campaign) Operation Nutcracker , which completely burned Radfan in January 1964.[ 147]      Post-independence  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main articles: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen_Arab_Republic) (Yemen Arab Republic) Yemen Arab Republic and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Yemen) (South Yemen) South Yemen  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_Freedom_Statue.jpg)   People celebrating the victory of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/14th_October_Revolution) (14th October Revolution) 14th October Revolution in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Yemen) (South Yemen) South Yemen by waving (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_flag_(politics)) (Red flag (politics)) red flags next to the Freedom Statue  Arab nationalism influenced some circles who opposed the lack of modernization by the Mutawakkilite monarchy. This became apparent when Imam (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad_bin_Yahya) (Ahmad bin Yahya) Ahmad bin Yahya died in 1962. He was succeeded by his son, but army officers attempted to seize power, sparking the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Yemen_Civil_War) (North Yemen Civil War) North Yemen Civil War .[ 148]    [ 149]    The Hamidaddin royalists were supported by Saudi Arabia, Britain, and Jordan, whilst the military rebels were backed by Egypt. The supporters of the Hamidaddin royalists mostly gave them weapons and financial aid, but some small military forces were also deployed. Egypt provided the rebels with weapons and financial assistance, but also sent a large military force to participate in the fighting. Israel covertly supplied weapons to the royalists to keep the Egyptian military busy in Yemen. After six years of civil war, the military rebels formed the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen_Arab_Republic) (Yemen Arab Republic) Yemen Arab Republic .[ 150]     The revolution in the north coincided with the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aden_Emergency) (Aden Emergency) Aden Emergency , which ended British rule in the south.[ 151]    On 30 November 1967, the state of South Yemen was formed, comprising Aden and the former Protectorate of South Arabia. This socialist state was later officially known as the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People's_Democratic_Republic_of_Yemen) (People's Democratic Republic of Yemen) People's Democratic Republic of Yemen and a programme of nationalisation was begun.[ 152]     Relations between the two Yemeni states fluctuated between peaceful and hostile. The South was supported by the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Bloc) (Eastern Bloc) Eastern Bloc . The North was unable to get similar connections. In 1972, the two states fought a war. The war was resolved with a ceasefire and negotiations were brokered by the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_League) (Arab League) Arab League , where it was declared that unification would eventually occur. In 1978, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Abdullah_Saleh) (Ali Abdullah Saleh) Ali Abdullah Saleh was named as president of the Yemen Arab Republic.[ 153]    After the war, the North complained about the South's help from foreign countries including Saudi Arabia.[ 154]     In 1979, fighting between the two states resumed and unification efforts renewed.[ 153]    Thousands were killed  in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Yemen_Civil_War) (South Yemen Civil War) South Yemen Civil War , in 1986.[ 151]    President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Nasser_Muhammad) (Ali Nasser Muhammad) Ali Nasser Muhammad fled to the north and was sentenced to death for treason. A new government formed.[ 153]     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Divided_Yemen.svg)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen_Arab_Republic) (Yemen Arab Republic) Yemen Arab Republic (in orange) and the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Yemen) (South Yemen) People's Democratic Republic of Yemen (in blue) before 1990. Land gained after unification is in grey.  In 1990, the two governments reached a full agreement on the joint governing of Yemen, and the countries were merged on 22 May 1990, with Saleh as president.[ 153]    The president of South Yemen, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Salem_al-Beidh) (Ali Salem al-Beidh) Ali Salem al-Beidh , became vice president.[ 153]    A unified (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assembly_of_Representatives_of_Yemen) (Assembly of Representatives of Yemen) parliament was formed and a unity constitution was agreed upon.[ 153]    In the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemeni_parliamentary_election,_1993) (Yemeni parliamentary election, 1993) 1993 parliamentary election , the first held after unification, the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_People's_Congress_(Yemen)) (General People's Congress (Yemen)) General People's Congress won 122 of 301 seats.[ 155]    (Page / location: 309) :  309    After the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_War) (Gulf War) invasion of Kuwait crisis in 1990, Yemen's president opposed military intervention from non-Arab states.[ 156]    As a member of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council) (United Nations Security Council) United Nations Security Council for 1990 and 1991, Yemen abstained on a number of UNSC resolutions concerning Iraq and Kuwait[ 157]    and voted against the "...use of force resolution." The vote outraged the U.S.,[ 158]    and Saudi Arabia expelled 800,000 Yemenis in 1990 and 1991 to punish Yemen for its opposition to the intervention.[ 159]     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Saleh_and_Beidh_1989.jpg)   North Yemeni president, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Abdullah_Saleh) (Ali Abdullah Saleh) Ali Abdullah Saleh , with the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_Yemeni_Socialist_Party) (Secretary-General of the Yemeni Socialist Party) Secretary-General of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemeni_Socialist_Party) (Yemeni Socialist Party) Yemeni Socialist Party , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Salem_al-Beidh) (Ali Salem al-Beidh) Ali Salem al-Beidh , signing the unity agreement on 30 November 1989.  In the absence of strong state institutions, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elite_theory) (Elite theory) elite politics in Yemen constituted a de facto form of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collaborative_governance) (Collaborative governance) collaborative governance , where competing tribal, regional, religious, and political interests agreed to hold themselves in check through tacit acceptance of the balance it produced.[ 160]    The informal political settlement was held together by a power-sharing deal among three men: President Saleh, who controlled the state; major general (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Mohsen_al-Ahmar) (Ali Mohsen al-Ahmar) Ali Mohsen al-Ahmar , who controlled the largest share of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemeni_Armed_Forces) (Yemeni Armed Forces) Yemeni Armed Forces ; and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_ibn_Husayn_al-Ahmar) (Abdullah ibn Husayn al-Ahmar) Abdullah ibn Husayn al-Ahmar , figurehead of the Islamist (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Islah_(Yemen)) (Al-Islah (Yemen)) al-Islah party and Saudi Arabia's chosen broker of transnational (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clientelism) (Clientelism) patronage payments to various political players,[ 161]    including tribal (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheikh) (Sheikh) sheikhs .[ 162]    [ 163]    [ 164]    [ 165]    The Saudi payments have been intended to facilitate the tribes' autonomy from the Yemeni government and to give the Saudi government a mechanism with which to weigh in on Yemen's political decision-making.[ 166]     Following food riots in major towns in 1992, a new coalition government made up of the ruling parties from both the former Yemeni states was formed in 1993. However, Vice President al-Beidh withdrew to Aden in August 1993 and said he would not return to the government until his grievances were addressed. These included northern violence against his (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemeni_Socialist_Party) (Yemeni Socialist Party) Yemeni Socialist Party , as well as the economic marginalization of the south.[ 167]    Negotiations to end the political deadlock dragged on into 1994. The government of Prime Minister (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haydar_Abu_Bakr_Al-Attas) (Haydar Abu Bakr Al-Attas) Haydar Abu Bakr Al-Attas became ineffective due to political infighting.[ 168]     An accord between northern and southern leaders was signed in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amman) (Amman) Amman , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan) (Jordan) Jordan on 20 February 1994, but this could not stop the civil war.[ 169]    During these tensions, both the northern and southern armies (which had never integrated) gathered on their respective frontiers.[ 170]     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:President_Ali_Abdullah_Saleh-cropped.jpg)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Abdullah_Saleh) (Ali Abdullah Saleh) Ali Abdullah Saleh   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Abdullah_Saleh) (Ali Abdullah Saleh) Ali Abdullah Saleh became Yemen's first directly elected president in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemeni_presidential_election,_1999) (Yemeni presidential election, 1999) the 1999 presidential election , winning 96% of the vote.[ 155]    (Page / location: 310) :  310   The only other candidate, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Najeeb_Qahtan_Al-Sha'abi) (Najeeb Qahtan Al-Sha'abi) Najeeb Qahtan Al-Sha'abi , was the son of Qahtan Muhammad al-Sha'abi, a former president of South Yemen. Though a member of Saleh's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_People's_Congress_(Yemen)) (General People's Congress (Yemen)) General People's Congress (GPC) party, Najeeb ran as an independent.[ 171]     After the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/September_11_attacks) (September 11 attacks) September 11 attacks on the United States, President Saleh assured U.S. President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_W._Bush) (George W. Bush) George W. Bush that Yemen was a partner in his (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_on_terror) (War on terror) war on terror . In 2001, violence surrounded (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemeni_constitutional_referendum,_2001) (Yemeni constitutional referendum, 2001) a referendum , which apparently supported extending Saleh's rule and powers.(./Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements)  (./Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2026)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed) (Wikipedia:Citation needed) (This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2026)) citation needed   ]   The (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houthi_insurgency_in_Yemen) (Houthi insurgency in Yemen) Houthi insurgency in Yemen began in June 2004, when cleric (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hussein_Badreddin_al-Houthi) (Hussein Badreddin al-Houthi) Hussein Badreddin al-Houthi , head of the Zaydi sect, launched an uprising against the government. The Yemeni government said that the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houthis) (Houthis) Houthis were seeking to overthrow it and to implement Shia law. The rebels countered that they were defending against (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Shi'ism) (Anti-Shi'ism) Shia persecution and government aggression.[ 172]    In 2005, at least 36 people were killed in clashes across the country between police and protesters over rising fuel prices. In the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemeni_presidential_election,_2006) (Yemeni presidential election, 2006) 2006 presidential election , Saleh won with 77% of the vote. His main rival, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faisal_bin_Shamlan) (Faisal bin Shamlan) Faisal bin Shamlan , received 22%.[ 173]    [ 174]    Saleh was sworn in for another term on 27 September.[ 175]     A series of bomb attacks occurred on police, official, diplomatic, foreign business, and tourism targets in 2008. In 2008, an opposition rally in Sanaa demanding electoral reform was met with police gunfire.[ 176]      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2011–2012_Yemeni_revolution_(from_Al_Jazeera)_-_20110301-04.jpg)     Tens of thousands of protesters marching to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanaa_University) (Sanaa University) Sanaa University , joined for the first time by opposition parties, during the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011–2012_Yemeni_revolution) (2011–2012 Yemeni revolution) 2011–2012 Yemeni revolution    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Destroyed_house_in_the_south_of_Sanaa_12-6-2015-3.jpg)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabian-led_intervention_in_Yemen) (Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen) Saudi-led air strike on Sanaa, 12 June 2015     The 2011 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemeni_Revolution) (Yemeni Revolution) Yemeni revolution followed other (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Spring) (Arab Spring) Arab Spring mass protests in early 2011. The uprising was initially against unemployment, economic conditions, and corruption, as well as against the government's proposals to modify the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Yemen) (Constitution of Yemen) constitution of Yemen so that Saleh's son could inherit the presidency.(./Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements)  (./Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2026)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed) (Wikipedia:Citation needed) (This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2026)) citation needed   ]   In March 2011, police snipers opened fire on a pro-democracy camp in Sanaa, killing more than 50 people. In May, dozens were killed in clashes between troops and tribal fighters in Sanaa. By this point, Saleh began to lose international support. In October 2011, Yemeni human rights activist (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawakul_Karman) (Tawakul Karman) Tawakul Karman won the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize) (Nobel Peace Prize) Nobel Peace Prize , and the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UN_Security_Council) (UN Security Council) UN Security Council condemned the violence and called for a transfer of power. On 23 November 2011, Saleh flew to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riyadh) (Riyadh) Riyadh , in neighbouring Saudi Arabia, to sign the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_Co-operation_Council) (Gulf Co-operation Council) Gulf Co-operation Council plan for political transition, which he had previously spurned. Upon signing the document, he agreed to legally transfer the office and powers of the presidency to his deputy, Vice President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdrabbuh_Mansur_Hadi) (Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi) Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi .[ 177]     Hadi took office for a two-year term upon winning the uncontested presidential elections in February 2012.[ 178]    A unity government—including a prime minister from the opposition—was formed. Al-Hadi would oversee the drafting of a new constitution, followed by parliamentary and presidential elections in 2014. Saleh returned in February 2012. In the face of objections from thousands of street protesters, parliament granted him full immunity from prosecution. Saleh's son, General (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed_Ali_Abdullah_Saleh) (Ahmed Ali Abdullah Saleh) Ahmed Ali Abdullah Saleh , continues to exercise a strong hold on sections of the military and security forces.(./Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements)  (./Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2026)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed) (Wikipedia:Citation needed) (This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2026)) citation needed   ]   By 2012, there was a "small contingent of U.S. special-operations troops"—in addition to CIA and "unofficially acknowledged" U.S. military presence—in response to increasing terror attacks by AQAP on Yemeni citizens.[ 179]    Many analysts have pointed out the former Yemeni government role in cultivating terrorist activity in the country.[ 180]    Following the election of President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdrabbuh_Mansur_Hadi) (Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi) Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi , the Yemeni military was able to push (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ansar_al-Sharia_(Yemen)) (Ansar al-Sharia (Yemen)) Ansar al-Sharia back and recapture the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shabwah_Governorate) (Shabwah Governorate) Shabwah Governorate .(./Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements)  (./Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2026)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed) (Wikipedia:Citation needed) (This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2026)) citation needed   ]   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Yemeni_Civil_War.svg)   Current (January 2026) political and military control in ongoing (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemeni_civil_war_(2014–present)) (Yemeni civil war (2014–present)) Yemeni Civil War :     Controlled by the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_Yemen) (Cabinet of Yemen) Government of Yemen (under the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_Leadership_Council) (Presidential Leadership Council) Presidential Leadership Council since April 2022) and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabian-led_intervention_in_Yemen) (Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen) allies  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959)      Controlled by Tareq Saleh's National Resistance Forces (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959)      Controlled by (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houthi_movement) (Houthi movement) Houthis -led (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Political_Council) (Supreme Political Council) Supreme Political Council    The central government in Sanaa remained weak, staving off challenges from (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Yemen_Movement) (South Yemen Movement) southern separatists and Houthis as well as AQAP. The (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houthi_insurgency) (Houthi insurgency) Houthi insurgency intensified after Hadi took power, escalating in September 2014 as anti-government forces led by (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul-Malik_al-Houthi) (Abdul-Malik al-Houthi) Abdul-Malik al-Houthi (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Sanaa_(2014)) (Battle of Sanaa (2014)) swept into the capital and forced Hadi to agree to a "unity" government.[ 181]    The Houthis then refused to participate in the government,[ 182]    although they continued to apply pressure on Hadi and his ministers, even shelling the president's private residence and placing him under house arrest,[ 183]    until the government's mass resignation in January 2015.[ 184]    The following month, the Houthis dissolved parliament and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014–15_Yemeni_coup_d'état) (2014–15 Yemeni coup d'état) declared that a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolutionary_Committee_(Yemen)) (Revolutionary Committee (Yemen)) Revolutionary Committee under (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_Ali_al-Houthi) (Mohammed Ali al-Houthi) Mohammed Ali al-Houthi was the interim authority in Yemen. Abdul-Malik al-Houthi, a cousin of the acting president, called the takeover a "glorious revolution". However, the "constitutional declaration" of 6 February 2015 was widely rejected by opposition politicians and foreign governments, including the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations) (United Nations) United Nations .[ 25]     Hadi managed to flee from Sanaa to Aden, his hometown and stronghold in the south, on 21 February 2015. He promptly gave a televised speech rescinding his resignation, condemning the coup, and calling for recognition as the constitutional president of Yemen.[ 185]    The following month, Hadi declared Aden Yemen's "temporary" capital.[ 186]    [ 187]    The Houthis, however, rebuffed an initiative by the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_Cooperation_Council) (Gulf Cooperation Council) Gulf Cooperation Council and continued to move south toward Aden. All U.S. personnel were evacuated, and President Hadi was forced to flee the country to Saudi Arabia. On 26 March 2015, Saudi Arabia announced (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Decisive_Storm) (Operation Decisive Storm) Operation Decisive Storm and began airstrikes and announced its intentions to lead a military coalition against the Houthis, who they claimed were being aided by Iran and began a force buildup along the Yemeni border. The coalition included the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates) (United Arab Emirates) United Arab Emirates , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuwait) (Kuwait) Kuwait , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qatar) (Qatar) Qatar , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahrain) (Bahrain) Bahrain , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan) (Jordan) Jordan , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morocco) (Morocco) Morocco , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudan) (Sudan) Sudan , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt) (Egypt) Egypt , and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan) (Pakistan) Pakistan . The United States announced that it was assisting with intelligence, targeting, and logistics. After Hadi troops took control of Aden from Houthis, jihadist groups became active in the city, and some terrorist incidents were linked to them such as (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Missionaries_of_Charity_attack_in_Aden) (Missionaries of Charity attack in Aden) Missionaries of Charity attack in Aden on 4 March 2016. In February 2018, Aden was (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Aden_(2018)) (Battle of Aden (2018)) seized by the UAE-backed separatist (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Transitional_Council) (Southern Transitional Council) Southern Transitional Council .[ 188]     Yemen has been suffering from a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Famine_in_Yemen_(2016–present)) (Famine in Yemen (2016–present)) famine since 2016 as a result of the civil war. More than 50,000 children in Yemen died from starvation in 2017.[ 189]    [ 190]    Numerous commentators have condemned the Saudi-led coalition's military campaign, including its (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blockade_of_Yemen) (Blockade of Yemen) blockade of Yemen , as (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genocide) (Genocide) genocide .[ 191]    [ 192]    [ 193]    The famine is being compounded by an outbreak of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholera) (Cholera) cholera that has affected more than one million people.[ 194]    The Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen and blockade of Yemen have contributed to the famine and cholera epidemic.[ 195]    [ 196]    The UN estimated that by the end of 2021, the war in Yemen would have caused over 377,000 deaths, and roughly 70% of deaths were children under age 5.[ 197]    [ 198]     On 4 December 2017, deposed strongman and former president (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Abdullah_Saleh) (Ali Abdullah Saleh) Ali Abdullah Saleh , accused of treason, was assassinated by Houthis whilst attempting to flee clashes near rebel-held Sanaa between Houthi and pro-Saleh forces.[ 199]    After losing the support of the Saudi-led coalition, Yemen's President Abd Rabbuh Mansur Hadi resigned, and the Presidential Leadership Council took power in April 2022.[ 200]     Following the outbreak of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_war) (Gaza war) Gaza war , the Houthis began to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houthi_involvement_in_the_Israel–Hamas_war) (Houthi involvement in the Israel–Hamas war) fire missiles at Israel and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houthi_involvement_in_the_Israel–Hamas_war#Attacks_on_shipping_in_the_Red_Sea_and_Indian_Ocean_(2023–2024)) (Houthi involvement in the Israel–Hamas war) attack ships off Yemen's coast in the Red Sea. This was in solidarity with the Palestinians and aiming to facilitate (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blockade_of_the_Gaza_Strip) (Blockade of the Gaza Strip) entry of humanitarian aid into the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_Strip) (Gaza Strip) Gaza Strip .[ 201]    [ 202]     In June 2024, the UAE-backed STC were putting pressure to lease the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_of_Aden) (Port of Aden) Aden International Port to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Dhabi_Ports) (Abu Dhabi Ports) Abu Dhabi Ports . The move was opposed by the Parliament and the public. A joint statement by 24 members of Shura Council expressed categorical rejection of the lease agreement. Economists said the Emirates was attempting to control the Aden Port and limit its activities, in order to keep its own ports active. Governor of Aden, Tariq Salam also said the lease attempt aims to devalue the Aden Port and take its international maritime status.[ 203]    [ 204]    [ 205]    Aden International Port had ended its agreement to manage two container terminals with Dubai Ports World in 2012, due to economic decline and failure to fulfill commitments.[ 206]     Despite the STC embarking on (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025–2026_Southern_Yemen_campaign) (2025–2026 Southern Yemen campaign) an initially successful military campaign in late 2025 ,[ 207]    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025–2026_Southern_Yemen_campaign#Yemeni_government_counter-offensive) (2025–2026 Southern Yemen campaign) it was decisively defeated in early 2026 by a Yemeni government counter-offensive.[ 208]       Geography  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Yemen) (Geography of Yemen) Geography of Yemen  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Haraz_Mountains,_Yemen_(12633745063).jpg)   Agricultural (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrace_(earthworks)) (Terrace (earthworks)) terraces in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabal_Haraz) (Jabal Haraz) Haraz -(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarawat_Mountains) (Sarawat Mountains) Sarat Mountains   Yemen covers 455,000  km 2 (175,676  sq  mi) [ 5]    and is located at the southern part of the Arabian Peninsula.[ 209]    It is bordered by (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia) (Saudi Arabia) Saudi Arabia to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia–Yemen_border) (Saudi Arabia–Yemen border) the north , the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Sea) (Red Sea) Red Sea to the west, the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf_of_Aden) (Gulf of Aden) Gulf of Aden and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guardafui_Channel) (Guardafui Channel) Guardafui Channel to the south, and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman) (Oman) Oman to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman–Yemen_border) (Oman–Yemen border) the east .(./Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements)  (./Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2026)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed) (Wikipedia:Citation needed) (This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2026)) citation needed   ]   Several Red Sea islands, including the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanish_Islands) (Hanish Islands) Hanish Islands , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamaran) (Kamaran) Kamaran , and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perim) (Perim) Perim , as well as (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socotra) (Socotra) Socotra in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabian_Sea) (Arabian Sea) Arabian Sea , belong to Yemen; the largest of these is Socotra. Many of the islands are volcanic; (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabal_al-Tair_Island) (Jabal al-Tair Island) Jabal al-Tair Island had volcanic eruptions in 1883 and 2007. Although mainland Yemen is in the southern Arabian Peninsula and thus part of Asia, and its Hanish Islands and Perim in the Red Sea are associated with Asia, the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archipelago) (Archipelago) archipelago of Socotra, which lies east of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horn_of_Africa) (Horn of Africa) Horn of Africa and is much closer to Africa than to Asia, is geographically and bio-geographically associated with Africa.[ 210]     Regions and climate  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Koppen-Geiger_Map_YEM_present.svg)   Yemen's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Köppen_climate_classification) (Köppen climate classification) Köppen climate classification map[ 211]    is based on temperature, precipitation and their seasonality. (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_desert_climate) (Hot desert climate) BWh Hot desert  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_desert_climate) (Cold desert climate) BWk Cold desert  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_semi-arid_climate) (Hot semi-arid climate) BSh Hot semi-arid  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold_semi-arid_climate) (Cold semi-arid climate) BSk Cold semi-arid  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959)      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subtropical_highland_climate) (Subtropical highland climate) CWb Subtropical highland          (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Water_stress,_top_countries_(2022).svg)   Yemen was the sixth most water stressed country in the world in 2022.  Yemen can be divided geographically into four main regions: the coastal plains in the west, the western highlands, the eastern highlands, and the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rub'_al_Khali) (Rub' al Khali) Rub' al Khali in the east. The (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tihamah) (Tihamah) Tihamah ("hot lands" or "hot earth") form a very arid and flat coastal plain along Yemen's entire Red Sea coastline. Despite the aridity, the presence of many lagoons makes this region very marshy and a suitable breeding ground for (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaria) (Malaria) malaria -bearing mosquitos. Extensive crescent-shaped sand dunes are present. The evaporation in the Tihamah is so great that streams from the highlands never reach the sea, but they do contribute to extensive (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groundwater) (Groundwater) groundwater reserves. Today, these are heavily exploited for agricultural use.(./Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements)  (./Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2026)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed) (Wikipedia:Citation needed) (This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2026)) citation needed   ]   Near the village of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madar,_Yemen) (Madar, Yemen) Madar about 50  km (30  mi) north of Sanaa, dinosaur footprints were found, indicating that the area was once a muddy flat. The Tihamah ends abruptly at the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escarpment) (Escarpment) escarpment of the western highlands. This area, now heavily (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrace_(earthworks)) (Terrace (earthworks)) terraced to meet the demand for food, receives the highest rainfall in Arabia, rapidly increasing from 100  mm (3.9  in) per year to about 760  mm (29.9  in) in Taiz and over 1,000  mm (39.4  in) in Ibb. Temperatures are warm in the day but fall dramatically at night.(./Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements)  (./Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2026)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed) (Wikipedia:Citation needed) (This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2026)) citation needed   ]   The central highlands are an extensive high plateau over 2,000  m (6,562  ft) in elevation. This area is drier than the western highlands because of rain-shadow influences, but still receives sufficient rain in wet years for extensive cropping. Water storage allows for (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrigation) (Irrigation) irrigation and the growing of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheat) (Wheat) wheat and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barley) (Barley) barley . Sanaa is in this region. The highest point in Yemen and Arabia is (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jabal_An-Nabi_Shu'ayb) (Jabal An-Nabi Shu'ayb) Jabal An-Nabi Shu'ayb , at about 3,666  m (12,028  ft) .[ 209]    [ 212]    Yemen's portion of the Rub al Khali desert in the east is much lower, generally below 1,000  m (3,281  ft) , and receives almost no rain. It is populated only by (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedouin) (Bedouin) Bedouin herders of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dromedary) (Dromedary) camels .(./Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements)  (./Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2026)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed) (Wikipedia:Citation needed) (This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2026)) citation needed   ]   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   This section is an excerpt from (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Yemen#Climate_change) (Geography of Yemen) Geography of Yemen § Climate change .[ (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Geography_of_Yemen&action=edit) edit ]   Although Yemen has contributed little to causing (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change) (Climate change) climate change ,[ 213]    it is one of the world's most vulnerable countries to climate change and among the least prepared to handle its effects.[ 214]    Around half of the population is exposed to at least one major climate threat.[ 215]    Climate change impacts in Yemen include increasing temperatures, drought, desertification, disease outbreaks and sea level rise. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extreme_weather) (Extreme weather) Extreme weather events like cyclones, floods and landslides have been intensifying in Yemen as a result of climate change. These impacts have already worsened the country's existing (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_scarcity) (Water scarcity) water scarcity issues, decreased agricultural and fishery productivity and affected the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_security) (Food security) food security and health of Yemenites.[ 216]     Yemen is one of only three countries that has not yet joined the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_Agreement) (Paris Agreement) Paris Agreement and has not submitted any (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationally_determined_contribution) (Nationally determined contribution) Nationally Determined Contributions , although they did submit an intended NDC in 2015.[ 217]    [ 218]    To help the country (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change_adaptation) (Climate change adaptation) adapt to climate change, The World Bank recommends investments in disaster risk management strategies, renewable energy, water management, soil conservation and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate-smart_agriculture) (Climate-smart agriculture) climate smart agriculture . However, Yemen faces challenges in accessing (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_finance) (Climate finance) climate finance due to low institutional capacity and poor stakeholder coordination.[ 219]     (./Category:Articles_with_excerpts)     Biodiversity  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wildlife_of_Yemen) (Wildlife of Yemen) Wildlife of Yemen  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:South_Arabian_-_A_Lion_and_a_Leopard_Attacking_Animals_-_Walters_2171.jpg)   A (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Arabia) (South Arabia) South Arabian relief from the fifth century BC, in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walters_Art_Museum) (Walters Art Museum) Walters Art Museum . On the left side of this relief, a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asiatic_lion) (Asiatic lion) lion attacks a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazelle) (Gazelle) gazelle , while a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabbit) (Rabbit) rabbit tries to jump away from the gazelle's forelegs. On the right, a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabian_leopard) (Arabian leopard) leopard jumps down from rocks onto the back of an (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibex) (Ibex) ibex ; a small (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodent) (Rodent) rodent flees the hoofs of the ibex. Birds in the branches of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acacia) (Acacia) acacia  trees observe the two scenes.  Yemen contains six terrestrial ecoregions: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula_coastal_fog_desert) (Arabian Peninsula coastal fog desert) Arabian Peninsula coastal fog desert , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socotra_Island_xeric_shrublands) (Socotra Island xeric shrublands) Socotra Island xeric shrublands , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southwestern_Arabian_foothills_savanna) (Southwestern Arabian foothills savanna) Southwestern Arabian foothills savanna , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southwestern_Arabian_montane_woodlands) (Southwestern Arabian montane woodlands) Southwestern Arabian montane woodlands , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabian_Desert) (Arabian Desert) Arabian Desert , and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Sea_Nubo-Sindian_tropical_desert_and_semi-desert) (Red Sea Nubo-Sindian tropical desert and semi-desert) Red Sea Nubo-Sindian tropical desert and semi-desert .[ 220]    The flora is a mixture of the tropical African, Sudanian plant geographical region and the Saharo-Arabian region. The Sudanian element—characterized by relatively high rainfall—dominates the western mountains and parts of the highland plains. The Saharo-Arabian element dominates in the coastal plains, eastern mountain, and the eastern and northern desert plains.(./Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements)  (./Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2026)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed) (Wikipedia:Citation needed) (This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2026)) citation needed   ]   A high percentage of Yemen plants belong to tropical African plants of Sudanian regions. Among the Sudanian element species, the following may be mentioned: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ficus) (Ficus) Ficus  spp., (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acacia_mellifera) (Acacia mellifera) Acacia mellifera , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grewia_villosa) (Grewia villosa) Grewia villosa , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commiphora) (Commiphora) Commiphora  spp., (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rose) (Rose) Rosa abyssinica , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadaba) (Cadaba) Cadaba farinosa and others.[ 221]    Among the Saharo-Arabian species, these may be mentioned: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panicum_turgidum) (Panicum turgidum) Panicum turgidum , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerva_javanica) (Aerva javanica) Aerva javanica , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygophyllum) (Zygophyllum) Zygophyllum simplex, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fagonia) (Fagonia) Fagonia indica, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salsola) (Salsola) Salsola  spp., (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acacia_tortilis) (Acacia tortilis) Acacia tortilis , A. hamulos, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acacia_ehrenbergiana) (Acacia ehrenbergiana) A. ehrenbergiana , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoenix_dactylifera) (Phoenix dactylifera) Phoenix dactylifera , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyphaene_thebaica) (Hyphaene thebaica) Hyphaene thebaica , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capparis_decidua) (Capparis decidua) Capparis decidua , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvadora_persica) (Salvadora persica) Salvadora persica , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balanites_aegyptiaca) (Balanites aegyptiaca) Balanites aegyptiaca  , and many others. Many of the Saharo-Arabian species are endemic to the extensive sandy coastal plain (the Tihamah).[ 222]     Among the fauna, the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabian_leopard) (Arabian leopard) Arabian leopard , which would inhabit the mountains, is considered rare here.[ 223]       Government and politics  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Yemen) (Politics of Yemen) Politics of Yemen  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1349637415/mw-parser-output/.tmulti)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Rashad_al-Alimi_-_2022.jpg)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashad_al-Alimi) (Rashad al-Alimi) Rashad al-Alimi  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Yemen) (President of Yemen) President of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_Leadership_Council) (Presidential Leadership Council) Presidential Leadership Council    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hamish_Falconer_at_the_United_Nations_Two-State_Solution_Conference_-_54684657787_(cropped).jpg)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaea_al-Zindani) (Shaea al-Zindani) Shaea al-Zindani  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Yemen) (Prime Minister of Yemen) Prime Minister       (./Category:Pages_using_multiple_image_with_auto_scaled_images)   Yemen is a unitary[ 224]    [ 225]    [ 226]    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semi-presidential_system) (Semi-presidential system) semi-presidential republic [ 227]    [ 228]    [ 229]    with a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicameralism) (Bicameralism) bicameral legislature. Under the 1991 constitution, an elected president, an elected 301-seat (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Yemen)) (House of Representatives (Yemen)) Assembly of Representatives , and an appointed 111-member (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shura) (Shura) Shura Council share power. The (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Yemen) (President of Yemen) president is the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_of_state) (Head of state) head of state , and the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Yemen) (Prime Minister of Yemen) prime minister is the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head_of_government) (Head of government) head of government . In Sanaa, a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Political_Council) (Supreme Political Council) Supreme Political Council (not recognized internationally) forms a government for (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houthi-controlled_territory_of_Yemen) (Houthi-controlled territory of Yemen) Houthi-controlled territory of Yemen .(./Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements)  (./Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2026)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed) (Wikipedia:Citation needed) (This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2026)) citation needed   ]   The 1991 constitution provides that the president be elected by popular vote from at least two candidates endorsed by at least 15 members of the Parliament. The prime minister, in turn, is appointed by the president and must be approved by two-thirds of the Parliament. The presidential term of office is seven years, and the parliamentary term of elected office is six years. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suffrage) (Suffrage) Suffrage is universal for people aged 18 and older, but only Muslims may hold elected office.[ 230]     President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Abdullah_Saleh) (Ali Abdullah Saleh) Ali Abdullah Saleh became the first elected president in reunified Yemen in 1999 (though he had been president of unified Yemen since 1990 and president of North Yemen since 1978). He was re-elected to office in September 2006. Saleh's victory was marked by an election that international observers judged was "partly free", though the election was accompanied by violence, violations of press freedoms, and allegations of fraud.[ 231]    Parliamentary elections were held in April 2003, and the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_People's_Congress_(Yemen)) (General People's Congress (Yemen)) General People's Congress maintained an absolute majority. Saleh remained almost uncontested in his seat of power until 2011, when local frustration at his refusal to hold another round of elections, as combined with the consequences of the 2011 Arab Spring, resulted in mass protests.[ 178]    In 2012, he was forced to resign from power, though he remained an important factor in Yemeni politics, allying with the Houthis during their takeover in the mid-2010s.[ 232]     The constitution calls for an independent judiciary. The former northern and southern legal codes have been unified. The legal system includes separate commercial courts and a Supreme Court based in Sanaa. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharia) (Sharia) Sharia is the main source of laws, with many court cases being debated according to the religious basis of law and many judges being religious scholars as well as legal authorities. The Prison Authority Organization Act, Republican decree no. 48 (1981), and Prison Act regulations, provide the legal framework for management of the country's prison system.[ 233]     According to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Institute_for_Democracy_and_Electoral_Assistance) (International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance) International IDEA 's Global State of Democracy (GSoD) Indices and Democracy Tracker, Yemen performs in the low range on overall democratic measures, with particular weaknesses in political representation, including elected government and effective parliament.[ 234]    [ 235]    [ 236]     Administrative divisions  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main articles: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governorates_of_Yemen) (Governorates of Yemen) Governorates of Yemen and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federalization_of_Yemen) (Federalization of Yemen) Federalization of Yemen  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Yemen,_administrative_divisions_-_Nmbrs_-_colored.svg)   Governorates of Yemen  Yemen is divided into twenty-one governorates ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhafazat) (Muhafazat) muhafazat  ) plus one municipality called "Amanat Al-Asemah" (the latter containing the constitutional capital, Sanaa).[ 237]    An additional governorate ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soqatra_Governorate) (Soqatra Governorate) Soqatra Governorate ) was created in December 2013 comprising Socotra Island, previously part of Hadramaut Governorate.[ 238]    The governorates are subdivided into 333 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Districts_of_Yemen) (Districts of Yemen) districts (muderiah ), which are subdivided into 2,210 sub-districts, and then into 38,284 villages (as of 2001). (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Regions_of_Yemen_map.svg)   Map of the proposed Federal Regions of Yemen  In 2014, a constitutional panel decided to divide the country into six regions—four in the north, two in the south, and capital Sanaa outside of any region—creating a federalist model of governance.[ 239]    This federal proposal was a contributing factor toward the Houthis' subsequent coup d'état against the government.[ 240]    [ 241]    [ 242]      Foreign relations  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Yemen) (Foreign relations of Yemen) Foreign relations of Yemen  Yemen is a member of the United Nations, the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_League) (Arab League) Arab League , and the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation) (Organisation of Islamic Cooperation) Organisation of Islamic Cooperation , and also participates in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonaligned_movement) (Nonaligned movement) nonaligned movement . Yemen has acceded to the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Non-Proliferation_of_Nuclear_Weapons) (Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons) Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:019_Rally_(39025071401).jpg)   Protest against Saudi (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blockade_of_Yemen) (Blockade of Yemen) blockade of Yemen , New York City, 2017  Since the end of the 1994 civil war, tangible progress has been made on the diplomatic front in restoring normal relations with Yemen's neighbours. In the summer of 2000, Yemen and Saudi Arabia signed an International Border Treaty settling a 50-year-old dispute over the location of the border between the two countries.[ 243]    Yemen's northern border had been undefined; the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabian_Desert) (Arabian Desert) Arabian Desert prevented any human habitation there. The (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi–Yemen_barrier) (Saudi–Yemen barrier) Saudi–Yemen barrier was constructed by Saudi Arabia in 2004, who claimed that pro-Al Qaeda militants, drugs, and weapons were entering the country from Yemen.[ 244]    [ 245]     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vladimir_Putin_meeting_Chairman_of_the_Presidential_Leadership_Council_of_the_Republic_of_Yemen_Rashad_Mohammad_al-Alimi_(2025).jpg)   President (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashad_al-Alimi) (Rashad al-Alimi) Rashad al-Alimi with Russian president (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir_Putin) (Vladimir Putin) Vladimir Putin on 28 May 2025  In March 2020, the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump) (First presidency of Donald Trump) Trump administration and key U.S. allies, including Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, cut off tens of millions of dollars for health care programs and other aid to the United Nations' appeal for Yemen. As a result of funding cuts, the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Office_for_the_Coordination_of_Humanitarian_Affairs) (United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs) United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs stated that the UN agencies were forced to either close or reduce more than 75 per cent of its programs that year alone, affecting more than 8 million people. Saudi Arabia had been leading a Western-backed military coalition, including the United Arab Emirates as a key member, which intervened in Yemen in 2015, in a bid to restore the government ousted from power by the Houthi movement. The United Nations described the situation in Yemen, where the war killed tens of thousands of people and left millions on the brink of famine, as the world's worst humanitarian crisis.[ 246]     In January 2024, President Joe Biden announced that the United States, Britain and allies Australia, Bahrain, Canada and the Netherlands had launched a military assault on Houthi militant targets in Yemen.[ 247]      Military  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemeni_Armed_Forces) (Yemeni Armed Forces) Yemeni Armed Forces  The military forces include the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen_Army#Pro-Hadi_forces) (Yemen Army) Yemeni Army (including the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Guard_(Yemen)) (Republican Guard (Yemen)) Republican Guard ), (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemeni_Navy) (Yemeni Navy) Yemeni Navy (including the Marines) and the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemeni_Air_Force) (Yemeni Air Force) Yemeni Air Force (including the Air Defense Force) and the Strategic Reserve Forces & (https://ar.wikipedia.org/سلاح_الجو_المسير_(اليمن)) Unmanned Aviation Forces (./Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links)  (./Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_August_2026)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot) (Wikipedia:Link rot) (Dead link tagged August 2026) dead link   ]   . Since the start of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemeni_civil_war_(2014–present)) (Yemeni civil war (2014–present)) current civil war in 2014, the armed forces have been divided; at first between loyalists of the former president (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Abdullah_Saleh) (Ali Abdullah Saleh) Ali Abdullah Saleh and pro-Yemeni government forces of president (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdrabbuh_Mansour_Hadi) (Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi) Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi ; as of 2025, between the internationally recognized (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_Leadership_Council) (Presidential Leadership Council) Presidential Leadership Council (PLC), and the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houthi) (Houthi) Houthi -led (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Political_Council) (Supreme Political Council) Supreme Political Council (SPC). Per the constitution, the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Yemen) (President of Yemen) President of Yemen serves as the commander-in-chief. Currently, the presidency and supreme command of the armed forces is disputed between (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashad_al-Alimi) (Rashad al-Alimi) Rashad al-Alimi , Chairman of the PLC, and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahdi_al-Mashat) (Mahdi al-Mashat) Mahdi al-Mashat , chairman of the SPC. Before the civil war, the united military was headquartered in the country's capital, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanaa) (Sanaa) Sanaa . Already before 2014, the number of military personnel in Yemen was relatively high; in sum, Yemen had the second largest military force on the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabian_Peninsula) (Arabian Peninsula) Arabian Peninsula after (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia) (Saudi Arabia) Saudi Arabia . In 2012, total active troops were estimated as follows: army, 66,700; navy, 7,000; and air force, 5,000. In September 2007, the government announced the reinstatement of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compulsory_military_service) (Compulsory military service) compulsory military service . Yemen's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defense_budget) (Defense budget) defence budget , which in 2006 represented approximately 40 percent of the total government budget, is expected to remain high for the near term, as the military draft takes effect and internal security threats continue to escalate.  Human rights  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights_in_Yemen) (Human rights in Yemen) Human rights in Yemen  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corruption_in_Yemen) (Corruption in Yemen) Corruption in Yemen is such that it ranked 176 out of 180 countries in the 2022 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corruption_Perceptions_Index) (Corruption Perceptions Index) Corruption Perceptions Index .[ 248]    The government and its security forces have been responsible for torture, inhumane treatment, and extrajudicial executions. There are arbitrary arrests of citizens, especially in the south, as well as arbitrary searches of homes. Prolonged pretrial detention is a serious problem, and judicial corruption, inefficiency, and executive interference undermine due process. Freedom of speech, the press, and religion are all restricted.[ 249]    Journalists critical of the government are often harassed and threatened by the police.[ 157]    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Yemen) (LGBT rights in Yemen) Homosexuality is illegal and punishable by death.[ 250]     Yemen is ranked last of 135 countries in the 2012 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Gender_Gap_Report) (Global Gender Gap Report) Global Gender Gap Report .[ 251]    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch) (Human Rights Watch) Human Rights Watch reported on discrimination and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violence_against_women) (Violence against women) violence against women as well as on the abolition of the minimum marriage age of 15 for women. The onset of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puberty) (Puberty) puberty (interpreted by some to be as low as the age of nine) was set as a requirement for marriage instead.[ 252]    Publicity about the case of ten-year-old Yemeni divorcee (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nujood_Ali) (Nujood Ali) Nujood Ali brought the child marriage issue to the forefront worldwide.[ 253]    [ 254]    [ 255]     In 2017, the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Human_Rights_Council) (United Nations Human Rights Council) UN Human Rights Council voted to create a team of experts to investigate suspected breaches of humanitarian law and human rights in Yemen.[ 256]    In December 2021, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian) (The Guardian) The Guardian revealed, Saudi Arabia used "incentives and threats" as part of a pressure campaign to end a UN inquiry into human rights infringements in Yemen.[ 257]    In June 2020, a human rights group revealed the scale of torture and deaths in Yemen's unofficial detention centres. UAE and Saudi forces were responsible for some of the most shocking treatment of prisoners, including being hung upside down for hours and sexual torture such as the burning of genitals.[ 258]     According to 2020 United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) estimates, 6.1 million girls and women were in need of gender-based violence services. The UNFPA also reported a rise in gender-based violence cases amid COVID-19 pandemic, increase in rate of child marriages, most acutely among internally displaced persons (IDPs). One in five girls aged 10 to 19 were married in IDP camps, compared to 1 in 8 in host communities.[ 259]     The (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State) (United States Department of State) United States Department of State 2013 Trafficking in Persons report classified Yemen as a Tier 3 country,[ 260]    meaning that its government does not fully comply with the minimum standards against (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_trafficking_in_Yemen) (Human trafficking in Yemen) human trafficking and is not making significant efforts to do so.[ 261]    Yemen officially abolished (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_in_Yemen) (Slavery in Yemen) slavery in Yemen in 1962,[ 262]    but it is still being practiced.[ 263]    On 22 June 2020, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Rights_Watch) (Human Rights Watch) Human Rights Watch wrote an open letter to the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations) (Secretary-General of the United Nations) UN Secretary-General to improve the protection of children in Yemen.[ 264]    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amnesty) (Amnesty) Amnesty said, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council) (United Nations Security Council) United Nations Security Council must urgently fix its monitoring and reporting mechanism for children affected by armed conflict.[ 265]    On 14 September 2020, Human Rights Watch demanded an end to interference with Yemeni aid operations, as millions of lives were put at risk.[ 266]       Economy  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Yemen) (Economy of Yemen) Economy of Yemen  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Further information: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Yemen) (Telecommunications in Yemen) Telecommunications in Yemen , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transportation_in_Yemen) (Transportation in Yemen) Transportation in Yemen , and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_usage_in_Yemen) (Internet usage in Yemen) Internet usage in Yemen  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:GDP_per_capita_development_of_Yemen.svg)   Historical GDP per capita development  Since its unification in 1990, Yemen has been one of the poorest countries in the Middle East.[ 267]    As of 2013 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yemen&action=edit) [ update]    (./Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2013)  (./Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements)  Yemen had a GDP (PPP) of US$61.63 billion, with an income per capita of $2,500. Services are the largest economic sector (61.4% of GDP), followed by the industrial sector (30.9%), and agriculture (7.7%). Of these, petroleum production represents around 25% of GDP and 63% of the government's revenue.[ 4]    After the start of the civil war in 2014, its GDP dropped rapidly by over 50%,[ 268]    [ 269]    thanks to the blockade led by Saudi Arabia and an effective embargo on oil exports imposed by the Houthis.[ 270]     Agriculture  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Coffee_Plantation_1.jpg)   A coffee plantation in Yemen  Principal agricultural commodities produced include grain, vegetables, fruits, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse_(legume)) (Pulse (legume)) pulses , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khat) (Khat) qat , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee) (Coffee) coffee , cotton, dairy products, fish, livestock (sheep, goats, cattle, camels), and poultry.[ 4]    Most Yemenis are employed in agriculture. However, the role of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agricultural_sector) (Agricultural sector) agricultural sector is limited by the relatively low share of the sector in GDP and the large share of net food-buying households (97%).[ 271]    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sorghum) (Sorghum) Sorghum is the most common crop. Cotton and many fruit trees are also grown, with (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mango) (Mango) mangoes being the most valuable.(./Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements)  (./Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2026)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed) (Wikipedia:Citation needed) (This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2026)) citation needed   ]   A big problem in Yemen is the cultivation of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khat) (Khat) Khat (or qat), a psychoactive plant that releases a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimulant) (Stimulant) stimulant when chewed, and accounts for up to 40 percent of the water drawn from the Sanaa Basin each year, and that figure is rising. Some agricultural practices are drying the Sanaa Basin and displaced vital crops, which has resulted in increasing (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_prices) (Food prices) food prices . Rising food prices, in turn, pushed an additional six percent of the country into poverty in 2008 alone,[ 272]    and led to food riots starting in 2008 in poorer cities.[ 273]    Efforts are being made by the government and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawoodi_Bohra) (Dawoodi Bohra) Dawoodi Bohra community at northern governorates to replace qat with coffee plantations.[ 274]      Export and import  In 2013, exports totalled $6.694 billion. The main export commodities are crude oil, coffee, dried and salted fish, liquefied natural gas. These products were mainly sent to China (41%), Thailand (19.2%), India (11.4%), and South Korea (4.4%). Imports totalled $10.97 billion. The main imported commodities are machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, livestock, and chemicals. These products were mainly imported from the EU (48.8%), UAE (9.8%), Switzerland (8.8%), China (7.4%), and India (5.8%).[ 4]      State budget  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Yemen_06.jpg)   Drilling for oil using a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drilling_rig) (Drilling rig) land rig   As of 2013 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yemen&action=edit) [ update]    (./Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2013)  (./Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements)  , the government's budget consisted of $7.769 billion in revenues and $12.31 billion in expenditures.(./Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements)  (./Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2026)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed) (Wikipedia:Citation needed) (This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2026)) citation needed   ]  Taxes and other revenues constituted roughly 17.7% of the GDP, with a budget deficit of 10.3%.(./Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements)  (./Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2026)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed) (Wikipedia:Citation needed) (This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2026)) citation needed   ]  The public debt was 47.1% of GDP.(./Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements)  (./Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2026)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed) (Wikipedia:Citation needed) (This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2026)) citation needed   ]  Yemen had reserves of foreign exchange and gold of around $5.538 billion in 2013.(./Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements)  (./Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2026)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed) (Wikipedia:Citation needed) (This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2026)) citation needed   ]  Its inflation rate over the same period based on consumer prices was 11.8%.(./Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements)  (./Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2026)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed) (Wikipedia:Citation needed) (This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2026)) citation needed   ]  The external debt totaled $7.806 billion.[ 4]    Yemen is missing some international support because, as of 2024, it is one of three countries which have not ratified the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_Agreement) (Paris Agreement) Paris Agreement to limit (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change_in_the_Middle_East_and_North_Africa) (Climate change in the Middle East and North Africa) climate change .[ 275]      Water supply and sanitation  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Yemen) (Water supply and sanitation in Yemen) Water supply and sanitation in Yemen  A key challenge is severe (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_impacts_of_the_Yemeni_Civil_War_(2015–present)) (Environmental impacts of the Yemeni Civil War (2015–present)) water scarcity , especially in the Highlands, prompting (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Times) (The Times) The Times  , in 2009, to write "Yemen could become first nation to run out of water."[ 276]    A second key challenge is a high level of poverty, making it difficult to recover the costs of service provision. Access to water supply sanitation is low. Yemen is both the poorest country and the most water-scarce country in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_world) (Arab world) Arab world . Third, the capacity of sector institutions to plan, build, operate and maintain infrastructure remains limited. Last but not least the security situation makes it even more difficult to improve or even maintain existing levels of service.(./Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements)  (./Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2026)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed) (Wikipedia:Citation needed) (This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2026)) citation needed   ]   The average Yemeni has access to only 140 cubic meters of water per year (101 gallons per day) for all uses, while the Middle Eastern average is 1,000 m3 /yr, and the internationally defined threshold for water stress is 1,700 cubic meters per year.[ 277]    Groundwater is the main source of water in the country, but the water tables have dropped severely leaving Yemen without a viable source of water. For example, in Sanaa, the water table was 30 metres (98 feet) below surface in the 1970s but had dropped to 1,200 metres (3,900 feet) below the surface by 2012. The groundwater has not been regulated by Yemen's governments.[ 278]     Even before the revolution, Yemen's water situation had been described as increasingly dire by experts who worried that Yemen would be the first country to run out of water.[ 279]    In part due to the 2015 Yemeni civil war, the infrastructure required to build better (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desalination) (Desalination) access to water has been delayed in construction. It is estimated that as many as 80% of the population struggles to access water to drink and bathe. Bombing has forced many Yemenis to leave their homes for other areas, leaving wells in the new areas under increasing demands.[ 280]     Together with partners, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNICEF) (UNICEF) UNICEF has advanced its efforts and provided access to safe and sustained drinking water to 8.8 million people (5.3 million children). It scaled up its emergency (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WASH) (WASH) WASH assistance in Yemen to ensure sustainable WASH services through capacity building of local WASH authorities, solarisation of water systems and rainwater harvesting.[ 281]       Demographics  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Yemen) (Demographics of Yemen) Demographics of Yemen  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Further information: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Yemen) (List of cities in Yemen) List of cities in Yemen  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Human_population_density_Yemen.png)   Population density of Yemen in 2022  Yemen's population is 33  million by 2021 estimates,[ 282]    [ 283]    with 46% of the population being under 15 years old and 2.7% above 65 years. In 1950, it was 4.3 million.[ 284]    [ 285]    By 2050, the population is estimated to increase to about 60 million.[ 286]    Yemen has a high (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Total_fertility_rate) (Total fertility rate) total fertility rate , at 4.45 children per woman.[ 287]    Sanaa's population has increased rapidly, from roughly 55,000 in 1978[ 288]    to nearly 1 million in the early 21st century.[ 289]     People  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemenis) (Yemenis) Yemenis  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Yemen_ethno_2002.jpg)   Yemen's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Yemeni_tribes) (Category:Yemeni tribes) tribal areas and Shia/Sunni regions. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shia_Muslims) (Shia Muslims) Shia Muslims predominant in the green area of Yemen's West, with the rest of Yemen being (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunni_Muslim) (Sunni Muslim) Sunni Muslims   When the states of North and South Yemen were established, most minority groups departed.[ 290]    Yemen is a largely (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tribes_of_Arabia) (Tribes of Arabia) tribal society.[ 291]    There are also hereditary caste groups in urban areas such as the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhdam) (Akhdam) Akhdam .[ 292]     An estimated 100,000 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indians_in_Yemen) (Indians in Yemen) Indo-Yemenis live in southern Yemen.[ 293]    (./Category:All_articles_lacking_reliable_references)  (./Category:Articles_lacking_reliable_references_from_August_2026)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Questionable_sources) (Wikipedia:Verifiability) (This claim needs references to better sources. (August 2026)) better source needed   ]  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemenite_Jews) (Yemenite Jews) Yemenite Jews once formed a sizable minority with a distinct culture from other Jews.[ 294]    (./Category:All_articles_lacking_reliable_references)  (./Category:Articles_lacking_reliable_references_from_August_2026)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Questionable_sources) (Wikipedia:Verifiability) (This claim needs references to better sources. (August 2026)) better source needed   ]  Most emigrated to Israel in the mid-20th century, following the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_exodus_from_Arab_and_Muslim_countries) (Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries) Jewish exodus from Arab and Muslim countries and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Magic_Carpet_(Yemen)) (Operation Magic Carpet (Yemen)) Operation Magic Carpet .(./Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements)  (./Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_August_2026)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed) (Wikipedia:Citation needed) (This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2026)) citation needed   ]  There are also (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_Yemenis?action=edit&redlink=1) (Iranian Yemenis (page does not exist)) Iranian Yemenis .[ 295]    [ 296]     Yemen is the only Arabian Peninsular country that signed the international accords governing the protection of refugees.[ 297]    In 2007, Yemen had 124,600 refugees and asylum seekers. They were predominantly from (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somalia) (Somalia) Somalia , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq) (Iraq) Iraq , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopia) (Ethiopia) Ethiopia ,[ 298]    and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refugees_of_the_Syrian_civil_war) (Refugees of the Syrian civil war) Syria .[ 299]    Additionally, more than 334,000 Yemenis have been internally displaced by conflict.[ 297]    The (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemeni_diaspora) (Yemeni diaspora) Yemeni diaspora is largely concentrated in neighbouring Saudi Arabia,[ 300]    with the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemenis_in_the_United_Kingdom) (Yemenis in the United Kingdom) United Kingdom hosting a smaller population.[ 301]      Languages  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_Standard_Arabic) (Modern Standard Arabic) Modern Standard Arabic is the official language, while (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemeni_Arabic) (Yemeni Arabic) Yemeni Arabic is the vernacular. In the far east and the island of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socotra) (Socotra) Socotra , several (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_South_Arabian_languages) (Modern South Arabian languages) Modern South Arabian languages are spoken.[ 302]    [ 303]    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemeni_Sign_Language) (Yemeni Sign Language) Yemeni Sign Language is used by the deaf community.(./Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements)  (./Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2026)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed) (Wikipedia:Citation needed) (This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2026)) citation needed   ]   The (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Semitic_languages) (South Semitic languages) South Semitic languages are native to Yemen. The largest South Semitic language spoken in Yemen is(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mehri_language) (Mehri language) Mehri , with roughly 70,000 speakers. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soqotri_language) (Soqotri language) Soqotri , another South Semitic language, has 57,000 speakers, concentrated in Socotra.[ 304]    Yemen was home to the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_South_Arabian) (Old South Arabian) Old South Arabian languages, with only the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Razihi_language) (Razihi language) Razihi language surviving.(./Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements)  (./Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2026)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed) (Wikipedia:Citation needed) (This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2026)) citation needed   ]    Religion  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_Yemen) (Religion in Yemen) Religion in Yemen  Religion in Yemen[ 305]         (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunni_Islam) (Sunni Islam) Sunni Islam     56.36%  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaydi_Islam) (Zaydi Islam) Zaydi Islam     42.1%  Others    1.54%     Islam is the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_religion) (State religion) state religion . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_Yemen) (Religion in Yemen) Religion in Yemen consists primarily of two Muslim sects. According to a UNHCR report, the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shia_Islam) (Shia Islam) Shia Zaydis make up about 45 percent of the population, Sunnis 53 percent and there are significant minorities of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismaili) (Ismaili) Ismailis [ 306]    and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelver) (Twelver) Twelvers .[ 307]    [ 308]    Sunnis are primarily (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shafi'i) (Shafi'i) Shafi'i but also include significant groups of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maliki) (Maliki) Malikis and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanbali) (Hanbali) Hanbalis .(./Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements)  (./Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_August_2026)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed) (Wikipedia:Citation needed) (This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2026)) citation needed   ]   The Sunnis are the majority in the south and southeast, which are less populous. The Zaydis are the majority in the north and northwest, where the majority of the Yemeni population lives. The  Ismailis are concentrated in urban centres, such as Sanaa and Ma'rib. Larger cities are more religiously diverse.[ 309]    [ 310]    According to Gallup International, Yemen has the highest share of  religious people among Arab countries and the world.[ 311]     About .05 percent of Yemenis adhere to (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity) (Christianity) Christianity , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judaism) (Judaism) Judaism , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduism) (Hinduism) Hinduism or have no religious affiliation. Yemen is number five on Open Doors' 2022 World Watch List, an annual ranking of the 50 countries where Christians face the most extreme persecution.[ 312]    Estimates of the number of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity_in_Yemen) (Christianity in Yemen) Christians in Yemen range from 25,000[ 313]    to 41,000.[ 314]    There are approximately 50 or fewer (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemenite_Jews) (Yemenite Jews) Jews left in Yemen . Some 200 Yemeni Jews were brought to Israel by the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_Agency) (Jewish Agency) Jewish Agency around 2016.[ 315]    According to a 2020 estimate, as few as 26 Jews remain in Yemen.[ 316]    A 2022 United Nations report estimated that one Yemeni Jew remained. Reportedly, there are several (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crypto-Judaism) (Crypto-Judaism) crypto-Jews remaining in the country.[ 317]      Education  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Yemen) (Education in Yemen) Education in Yemen  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:UIS_Literacy_Rate_Yemen_population_plus15_1995-2015.png)   Literacy rate of the population aged 15 or older (1995–2015) by (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO) (UNESCO) UNESCO Institute of Statistics  The adult literacy rate in 2010 was 64%.[ 318]    Although the government provides for universal, compulsory, free education for children ages six through 15, the U.S. Department of State reports that compulsory attendance is unenforced. (./Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements)  (./Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_August_2026)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed) (Wikipedia:Citation needed) (This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2026)) citation needed   ]   In 2003, the government developed the a plan in aiming to provide education to 95% of children between the ages of six and 14 years and to decrease the gender gap in education.[ 319]    In March 2008, the World Bank approved a seven-year project to improve gender equity and the quality and efficiency of secondary education, focusing on girls in rural areas. Following this, Yemen increased its education spending from 5% of GDP in 1995 to 10% in 2005.[ 157]     According to the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webometrics_Ranking_of_World_Universities) (Webometrics Ranking of World Universities) Webometrics Ranking of World Universities , the highest-ranking universities in the country are the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemeni_University_of_Science_&_Technology) (Yemeni University of Science & Technology) Yemeni University of Science & Technology (6532nd worldwide), Al Ahgaff University (8930th) and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanaa_University) (Sanaa University) Sanaa University (11043rd).[ 320]    Yemen was ranked 131st in the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Innovation_Index) (Global Innovation Index) Global Innovation Index in 2021, down from 129th in 2019.[ 321]    [ 322]    [ 323]    [ 324]       Culture  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Yemen) (Culture of Yemen) Culture of Yemen  Architecture  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1353838603)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   This section is an excerpt from (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_Yemen#Overview) (Architecture of Yemen) Architecture of Yemen § Overview .[ (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Architecture_of_Yemen&action=edit) edit ]   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Façades_in_the_Old_City_of_Sana'a_(2286046989).jpg)   Example of traditional houses in the old city of Sanaa  Yemen is notable for its historic tower-houses, built on two or more floors. These houses vary in form and materials from region to region. They are typically built of mud (either (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rammed_earth) (Rammed earth) rammed earth or sun-dried (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mud-brick) (Mud-brick) mud-brick ), stone, or a combination of both, with timber used for roofs and floors.[ 325]    [ 326]    In some cases, as at (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanaa) (Sanaa) Sanaa , the lower floors are built in heavier stone and the upper floors are built in lighter brick.[ 326]    [ 327]    Mud is sometimes mixed with straw and the walls are sometimes finished with (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lime_(material)) (Lime (material)) lime .[ 326]    Coral stone is also used in coastal towns.[ 328]    Traditionally, the ground floor could be used for practical functions such as agriculture, the middle floors consisted of various multi-functional rooms, and the top floor often had a large reception room (mafraj ) which enjoyed the best views.[ 325]    [ 326]     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_place_where_Imam_Yahya_Hamid_al-Din_was_sitting.jpg)   Room inside the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dar_al-Hajar) (Dar al-Hajar) Dar al-Hajar near Sanaa, with carved (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gypsum) (Gypsum) gypsum and coloured glass (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanlight) (Fanlight) fanlight   Decoration of houses is often executed with (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gypsum) (Gypsum) gypsum , lime or some other (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaster) (Plaster) plaster . At Sanaa, typical designs consist of bands of geometric motifs on the exterior created with protruding bricks that are whitewashed.[ 325]    Plasterwork is also found around the windows,[ 329]    and geometric or floral motifs can be used in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coloured_glass) (Coloured glass) coloured glass within the semicircular (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanlight) (Fanlight) fanlights . This style can be seen also be seen at (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dar_al-Hajar) (Dar al-Hajar) Dar al-Hajar , a palace built on a rocky outcrop in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wadi_Zahr) (Wadi Zahr) Wadi Dahr (15 kilometres north of Sanaa), dating to the 1930s, which features rich gypsum decoration and coloured glass fanlights.[ 325]     Some villages and towns, such as (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radda_District) (Radda District) Rada'a , were built around a fortified citadel (e.g. the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citadel_of_Rada'a) (Citadel of Rada'a) Citadel of Rada'a ), others were encircled by a high mud-brick wall (e.g. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shibam) (Shibam) Shibam ), and some were built so that the houses themselves formed an outer wall along an elevated position (e.g. Khawlan).[ 326]     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Shibam_Wadi_Hadhramaut_Yemen.jpg)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shibam) (Shibam) Shibam (in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadhramaut) (Hadhramaut) Hadramawt ), an example of a historic fortified village with particularly tall (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_house) (Tower house) tower-houses   While these structures are repaired and restored over time, this architectural style has remained generally unchanged for hundreds of years.[ 325]    The old city of Sanaa is a prominent example which preserves many of these houses.[ 327]    [ 330]    Since 1986 it is a (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNESCO) (UNESCO) UNESCO (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Heritage_Site) (World Heritage Site) World Heritage Site , although its conservation is threatened by the ongoing (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemeni_Civil_War_(2014–present)) (Yemeni Civil War (2014–present)) Yemeni Civil War .[ 330]    [ 331]    [ 332]    The oldest house in the city is believed to one of stone and earth located in the Harat al-'Alami area, as its existence is documented as early as the 14th century.[ 327]     (./Category:Articles_with_excerpts)     Theatre  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theatre_of_Yemen) (Theatre of Yemen) Theatre of Yemen  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Yemeni_House_1.jpg)   Typical house in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Hajjarah) (Al Hajjarah) Al Hajjarah   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theatre_of_Yemen) (Theatre of Yemen) Yemeni theatre dates to the early 20th century. Both amateur and professional (government-sponsored) theatre troupes perform in the country's major urban centres. Many significant poets and authors, like Ali Ahmed Ba Kathir, Muhammad al-Sharafi, and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wajdi_al-Ahdal) (Wajdi al-Ahdal) Wajdi al-Ahdal , have written dramatic works; poems, novels, and short stories by Yemeni authors like (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad_Abdul-Wali) (Mohammad Abdul-Wali) Mohammad Abdul-Wali and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdulaziz_Al-Maqaleh) (Abdulaziz Al-Maqaleh) Abdulaziz Al-Maqaleh have also been adapted for the stage.(./Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements)  (./Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2026)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed) (Wikipedia:Citation needed) (This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2026)) citation needed   ]   There have been Yemeni productions of plays by Arab authors such as (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawfiq_al-Hakim) (Tawfiq al-Hakim) Tawfiq al-Hakim and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saadallah_Wannous) (Saadallah Wannous) Saadallah Wannous and by Western authors, including (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shakespeare) (Shakespeare) Shakespeare , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luigi_Pirandello) (Luigi Pirandello) Pirandello , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brecht) (Brecht) Brecht , and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennessee_Williams) (Tennessee Williams) Tennessee Williams . Historically speaking, Aden is the cradle of Yemeni theatre; in recent decades Sanaa has hosted numerous theatre festivals, often in conjunction with (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Theatre_Day) (World Theatre Day) World Theatre Day .(./Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements)  (./Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2026)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed) (Wikipedia:Citation needed) (This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2026)) citation needed   ]    Media  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1368532237)   Main article: (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Media_of_Yemen) (Media of Yemen) Media of Yemen  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:National_Museum_of_Yemen.jpg)   The (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Museum_of_Yemen) (National Museum of Yemen) National Museum of Yemen in (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanaa) (Sanaa) Sanaa   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_in_Yemen) (Radio in Yemen) Radio broadcasting in Yemen began in the 1940s.[ 333]    After unification in 1990, the government reformed its corporations and founded some additional radio stations that broadcast locally. However, it drew back after 1994, due to destroyed infrastructure resulting from the 1994 civil war.(./Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements)  (./Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2026)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed) (Wikipedia:Citation needed) (This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2026)) citation needed   ]   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television_in_Yemen) (Television in Yemen) Television is the most significant media platform. Given the low literacy rate in the country, television is the main source of news. There are six free-to-air channels currently headquartered in Yemen, of which four are state-owned.[ 334]    The (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinema_of_Yemen) (Cinema of Yemen) Yemeni film industry is in its early stages; only eight Yemeni films have been released as of 2023 (https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Yemen&action=edit) [ update]    (./Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2023)  (./Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements)  .(./Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements)  (./Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2026)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed) (Wikipedia:Citation needed) (This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2026)) citation needed   ]    Sport  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association_football) (Association football) Football is the most popular sport. The (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen_Football_Association) (Yemen Football Association) Yemen Football Association is a member of (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIFA) (FIFA) FIFA and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian_Football_Confederation) (Asian Football Confederation) AFC . The (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen_national_football_team) (Yemen national football team) Yemeni national football team participates internationally. The country also hosts many football clubs. They compete in the national and international leagues.(./Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements)  (./Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2026)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed) (Wikipedia:Citation needed) (This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2026)) citation needed   ]   Yemen's mountains provide many opportunities for outdoor sports, such as (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain_biking) (Mountain biking) biking , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock_climbing) (Rock climbing) rock climbing , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trekking) (Trekking) trekking , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiking) (Hiking) hiking , and other more challenging sports, including (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mountain_climbing) (Mountain climbing) mountain climbing . Mountain climbing and hiking tours to the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarawat_Mountains) (Sarawat Mountains) Sarawat Mountains , including peaks of 3,000  m (9,800  ft) and above, particularly that of An-Nabi Shu'ayb,[ 209]    [ 212]    are seasonally organized by local and international alpine agencies. The coastal areas and Socotra provide many opportunities for water sports, such as (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surfing) (Surfing) surfing , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodyboarding) (Bodyboarding) bodyboarding , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sailing_(sport)) (Sailing (sport)) sailing , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swimming_(sport)) (Swimming (sport)) swimming , and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scuba_diving) (Scuba diving) scuba diving . Socotra is home to some of the best surfing destinations in the world.(./Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements)  (./Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_July_2026)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed) (Wikipedia:Citation needed) (This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2026)) citation needed   ]   Camel jumping is a traditional sport that is becoming increasingly popular among the Zaraniq tribe on the west coast. Camels are placed side to side and victory goes to the competitor who leaps, from a running start, over the most camels. Tribesmen (women may not compete) tuck their robes around their waists for freedom of movement while running and leaping.[ 335]     Yemen's biggest sports event was hosting the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/20th_Arabian_Gulf_Cup) (20th Arabian Gulf Cup) 20th Arabian Gulf Cup in Aden and Abyan in 2010. Yemen was defeated in the first three matches of the tournament.[ 336]        See also  (flag)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Yemen) (Portal:Yemen) Yemen portal   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg) (icon)     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Asia) (Portal:Asia) Asia portal   ()     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Middle_East) (Portal:Middle East) Middle East portal    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Yemen-related_topics) (List of Yemen-related topics) List of Yemen-related topics  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_Yemen) (Outline of Yemen) Outline of Yemen     Notes   ↑   Constitutional capital. Under de facto (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houthis) (Houthis) Houthi control since 2014.  ↑   Claimed by the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidential_Leadership_Council) (Presidential Leadership Council) Presidential Leadership Council as its (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temporary_capital) (Temporary capital) provisional capital .[ 1]      ↑   Disputed by (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahdi_al-Mashat) (Mahdi al-Mashat) Mahdi al-Mashat of the (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houthis) (Houthis) Houthi -led (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Political_Council) (Supreme Political Council) Supreme Political Council . Despite not holding an official position in the government, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houthis) (Houthis) Houthi movement leader (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul-Malik_al-Houthi) (Abdul-Malik al-Houthi) Abdul-Malik al-Houthi controls the SPC.  ↑   Disputed by (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Ahmed_Miftah) (Muhammad Ahmed Miftah) Muhammad Ahmed Miftah of the Supreme Political Council  ↑   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA/English) (Help:IPA/English) /(/ˈ/: primary stress follows) ˈ (/j/: 'y' in 'yes') j (/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress') ɛ ('m' in 'my') m (/ən/: 'on' in 'button') ən  /   (//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5b/En-us-Yemen.ogg/En-us-Yemen.ogg.mp3) (Play audio)      (/wiki/File:En-us-Yemen.ogg) (File:En-us-Yemen.ogg) ⓘ    (./Category:Pages_including_recorded_pronunciations)  ; (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_language) (Arabic language) Arabic : ٱلْيَمَنْ , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic) (Romanization of Arabic) romanized :  (Arabic-language romanization) al-Yaman  (./Category:Articles_containing_Arabic-language_text)  .  ↑   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_language) (Arabic language) Arabic : ٱلْجُمْهُورِيَّةُ ٱلْيَمَنِيَّةُ , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romanization_of_Arabic) (Romanization of Arabic) romanized :  (Arabic-language romanization) al-Jumhūriyya l-Yamaniyya  (./Category:Articles_containing_Arabic-language_text)  ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALA-LC_romanization) (ALA-LC romanization) ALA-LC : (American Library Association – Library of Congress transliteration) al-Jumhūrīyah al-Yamanīyah  ), (literal translation) lit.   ' the Yemeni Republic ' .      References  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1327269900)   ↑   Al-Sakani, Ali (19 April 2022). (https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/4/19/yemen-inaugurates-new-presidential-council) "Yemen inaugurates new presidential council" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Jazeera_Arabic) (Al Jazeera Arabic) Al Jazeera  . (https://web.archive.org/web/20220508025532/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/4/19/yemen-inaugurates-new-presidential-council) Archived from the original on 8 May 2022. Retrieved 8 May 2022 . Yemen's Prime Minister Maeen Abdulmalik Saeed, along with other senior government officials, had also arrived in Aden, which serves as Yemen's temporary capital, before the swearing-in ceremony.  (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Yemen+inaugurates+new+presidential+council&rft.date=2022-04-19&rft.aulast=Al-Sakani&rft.aufirst=Ali&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2022%2F4%2F19%2Fyemen-inaugurates-new-presidential-council&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Yemen_2015.pdf?lang=en) "Yemen's Constitution of 1991 with Amendments through 2015" (PDF) . Constitute Project . (https://web.archive.org/web/20210415035011/https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Yemen_2015.pdf?lang=en) Archived (PDF) from the original on 15 April 2021. Retrieved 31 August 2020 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Constitute+Project&rft.atitle=Yemen%27s+Constitution+of+1991+with+Amendments+through+2015&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.constituteproject.org%2Fconstitution%2FYemen_2015.pdf%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.britannica.com/place/Yemen/Plant-and-animal-life) "Yemen – Flora, Fauna, Ecosystems" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encyclopedia_Britannica) (Encyclopedia Britannica) Encyclopedia Britannica  . (https://web.archive.org/web/20240205061155/https://www.britannica.com/place/Yemen/Plant-and-animal-life) Archived from the original on 5 February 2024. Retrieved 8 September 2023 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Yemen+%E2%80%93+Flora%2C+Fauna%2C+Ecosystems&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FYemen%2FPlant-and-animal-life&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    1  2  3  4  5   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20210508223950/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/yemen) "Yemen" . Central Intelligence Agency . CIA World Factbook. 6 December 2013. Archived from (https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/yemen/) the original on 8 May 2021. Retrieved 24 January 2021 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft.atitle=Yemen&rft.date=2013-12-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fyemen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    1  2  3   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://ye.chm-cbd.net/sites/ye/files/2022-05/NSES.pdf) "THE NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY 2005–2015 AND NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION PLAN 2005–2010" (PDF) . Republic of Yemen Ministry of Water and Environment Environment Protection Agency. p. 6. (https://web.archive.org/web/20250830101157/https://ye.chm-cbd.net/sites/ye/files/2022-05/NSES.pdf) Archived (PDF) from the original on 30 August 2025. Retrieved 3 December 2024 . The area of Yemen is 455,503 sq. km. most of which is rocky land  (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=THE+NATIONAL+STRATEGY+FOR+ENVIRONMENTAL+SUSTAINABILITY+2005%E2%80%932015+AND+NATIONAL+ENVIRONMENTAL+ACTION+PLAN+2005%E2%80%932010&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=Republic+of+Yemen+Ministry+of+Water+and+Environment+Environment+Protection+Agency&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fye.chm-cbd.net%2Fsites%2Fye%2Ffiles%2F2022-05%2FNSES.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://moh.gov.ye/storage/2086/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%86%D9%88%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A-2023--_%D9%A1%D9%A0%D9%A4%D9%A3%D9%A0%D9%A4.pdf) "Annual Statistical Health Report 2023" (PDF) . www.moh.gov.ye . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Public_Health_and_Population) (Ministry of Public Health and Population) Yemen Ministry of Health . August 2024. p. 11. Retrieved 12 July 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.moh.gov.ye&rft.atitle=Annual+Statistical+Health+Report+2023&rft.pages=11&rft.date=2024-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoh.gov.ye%2Fstorage%2F2086%2F%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25AA%25D9%2582%25D8%25B1%25D9%258A%25D8%25B1-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25A7%25D8%25AD%25D8%25B5%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A6%25D9%258A-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D8%25B3%25D9%2586%25D9%2588%25D9%258A-%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2586%25D9%2587%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A6%25D9%258A-2023--_%25D9%25A1%25D9%25A0%25D9%25A4%25D9%25A3%25D9%25A0%25D9%25A4.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)  (./Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links)  (./Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_January_2026)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot) (Wikipedia:Link rot) (Dead link tagged January 2026) dead link   ]     1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april) "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2025" . IMF . (https://web.archive.org/web/20250428212902/https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/April) Archived from the original on 28 April 2025. Retrieved 13 October 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IMF&rft.atitle=World+Economic+Outlook+Database%2C+April+2025&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fen%2FPublications%2FWEO%2Fweo-database%2F2025%2Fapril&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/april) "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2025" . (https://web.archive.org/web/20250428212902/https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2025/April) Archived from the original on 28 April 2025. Retrieved 13 October 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=World+Economic+Outlook+Database%2C+April+2025&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fen%2FPublications%2FWEO%2Fweo-database%2F2025%2Fapril&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?end=2014&locations=YE&start=2014) "GINI index (World Bank estimate)" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Bank) (World Bank) World Bank . (https://web.archive.org/web/20201216223336/https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI?end=2014&locations=YE&start=2014) Archived from the original on 16 December 2020. Retrieved 15 October 2017 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=GINI+index+%28World+Bank+estimate%29&rft.pub=World+Bank&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.worldbank.org%2Findicator%2FSI.POV.GINI%3Fend%3D2014%26locations%3DYE%26start%3D2014&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf) "Human Development Report 2025" (PDF) . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Programme) (United Nations Development Programme) United Nations Development Programme . 6 May 2025. (https://web.archive.org/web/20250506051232/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2025reporten.pdf) Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 May 2025. Retrieved 13 May 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Human+Development+Report+2025&rft.pub=United+Nations+Development+Programme&rft.date=2025-05-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fsystem%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2Fglobal-report-document%2Fhdr2025reporten.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.britannica.com/place/Yemen) "Yemen | History, Map, Flag, Population, Capital, & Facts | Britannica" . www.britannica.com . (https://web.archive.org/web/20210510194421/https://www.britannica.com/place/Yemen) Archived from the original on 10 May 2021. Retrieved 16 April 2023 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Yemen+%7C+History%2C+Map%2C+Flag%2C+Population%2C+Capital%2C+%26+Facts+%7C+Britannica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FYemen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  McLaughlin, Daniel (1 February 2008). (https://books.google.com/books?id=eQvhZaEVzjcC) Yemen  . Bradt Travel Guides. p. 3. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84162-212-5) (Special:BookSources/978-1-84162-212-5) 978-1-84162-212-5  . (https://web.archive.org/web/20200702224444/https://books.google.com/books) Archived from the original on 2 July 2020. Retrieved 11 March 2017 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yemen&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Bradt+Travel+Guides&rft.date=2008-02-01&rft.isbn=978-1-84162-212-5&rft.aulast=McLaughlin&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeQvhZaEVzjcC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Burrowes, Robert D. (2010). (https://books.google.com/books?id=tjXRfqBv_0UC) Historical Dictionary of Yemen  . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rowman_&_Littlefield) (Rowman & Littlefield) Rowman & Littlefield . p. 319. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-5528-1) (Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-5528-1) 978-0-8108-5528-1  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Yemen&rft.pages=319&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-5528-1&rft.aulast=Burrowes&rft.aufirst=Robert+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtjXRfqBv_0UC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  St. John Simpson (2002). Queen of Sheba: treasures from ancient Yemen . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Museum_Press) (British Museum Press) British Museum Press . p. 8. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7141-1151-1) (Special:BookSources/0-7141-1151-1) 0-7141-1151-1  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Queen+of+Sheba%3A+treasures+from+ancient+Yemen&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=British+Museum+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-7141-1151-1&rft.au=St.+John+Simpson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20150504061448/https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/online_tours/middle_east/ancient_south_arabia/the_kingdoms_of_ancient_south.aspx) "The kingdoms of ancient South Arabia" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Museum) (British Museum) British Museum . Archived from (https://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/online_tours/middle_east/ancient_south_arabia/the_kingdoms_of_ancient_south.aspx) the original on 4 May 2015. Retrieved 22 February 2013 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+kingdoms+of+ancient+South+Arabia&rft.pub=British+Museum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britishmuseum.org%2Fexplore%2Fonline_tours%2Fmiddle_east%2Fancient_south_arabia%2Fthe_kingdoms_of_ancient_south.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Yaakov Kleiman (2004). DNA & Tradition: The Genetic Link to the Ancient Hebrews . Devora Publishing. p. 70. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-930143-89-3) (Special:BookSources/1-930143-89-3) 1-930143-89-3  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=DNA+%26+Tradition%3A+The+Genetic+Link+to+the+Ancient+Hebrews&rft.pages=70&rft.pub=Devora+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1-930143-89-3&rft.au=Yaakov+Kleiman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Marta Colburn (2002). The Republic of Yemen: Development Challenges in the 21st Century . CIIR. p. 13. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85287-249-7) (Special:BookSources/1-85287-249-7) 1-85287-249-7  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Republic+of+Yemen%3A+Development+Challenges+in+the+21st+Century&rft.pages=13&rft.pub=CIIR&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1-85287-249-7&rft.au=Marta+Colburn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Karl R. DeRouen; Uk Heo (2007). Civil Wars of the World: Major Conflicts Since World War II, Volume 1 . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABC-CLIO) (ABC-CLIO) ABC-CLIO . p. 810. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-919-1) (Special:BookSources/978-1-85109-919-1) 978-1-85109-919-1  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Civil+Wars+of+the+World%3A+Major+Conflicts+Since+World+War+II%2C+Volume+1&rft.pages=810&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-85109-919-1&rft.au=Karl+R.+DeRouen&rft.au=Uk+Heo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Laura Etheredge (2011). Saudi Arabia and Yemen . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rosen_Publishing_Group) (The Rosen Publishing Group) The Rosen Publishing Group . p. 137. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61530-335-9) (Special:BookSources/978-1-61530-335-9) 978-1-61530-335-9  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Saudi+Arabia+and+Yemen&rft.pages=137&rft.pub=The+Rosen+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-61530-335-9&rft.au=Laura+Etheredge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Burrowes, Robert. (https://web.archive.org/web/20170616171932/http://www.yementimes.com/en/1550/opinion/488/Why-most-Yemenis-should-despise--ex-president-Ali-Abdullah-Saleh.htm) "Why Most Yemenis Should Despise Ex-president Ali Abdullah Saleh" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen_Times) (Yemen Times) Yemen Times  . 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(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-989177-1) (Special:BookSources/978-0-19-989177-1) 978-0-19-989177-1  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Arab+Uprisings%3A+What+Everyone+Needs+to+Know&rft.pages=68&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-19-989177-1&rft.au=James+L.+Gelvin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Mareike Transfeld (2014). (https://web.archive.org/web/20141021042202/http://muftah.org/houthis-successful-yemen/#.VCicqfldWSo) "Capturing Sanaa: Why the Houthis Were Successful in Yemen" . Muftah . Archived from (http://muftah.org/houthis-successful-yemen/#.VCicqfldWSo) the original on 21 October 2014. Retrieved 17 October 2014 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Muftah&rft.atitle=Capturing+Sanaa%3A+Why+the+Houthis+Were+Successful+in+Yemen&rft.date=2014&rft.au=Mareike+Transfeld&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmuftah.org%2Fhouthis-successful-yemen%2F%23.VCicqfldWSo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Steven A. Zyck (2014). (https://www.ipinst.org/wp-content/uploads/publications/ipi_e_pub_mediating_transition.pdf) "Mediating Transition in Yemen: Achievements and Lessons" (PDF) . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Peace_Institute) (International Peace Institute) International Peace Institute  . (https://web.archive.org/web/20180414091345/https://www.ipinst.org/wp-content/uploads/publications/ipi_e_pub_mediating_transition.pdf) Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 April 2018. Retrieved 17 October 2014 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=International+Peace+Institute&rft.atitle=Mediating+Transition+in+Yemen%3A+Achievements+and+Lessons&rft.date=2014&rft.au=Steven+A.+Zyck&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipinst.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2Fpublications%2Fipi_e_pub_mediating_transition.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Silvana Toska (26 September 2014). (https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/monkey-cage/wp/2014/09/26/shifting-balances-of-power-in-yemens-crisis/) "Shifting balances of power in Yemen's crisis" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Washington_Post) (The Washington Post) The Washington Post  . (https://web.archive.org/web/20141006145424/http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/monkey-cage/wp/2014/09/26/shifting-balances-of-power-in-yemens-crisis/) Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 24 October 2014 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Shifting+balances+of+power+in+Yemen%27s+crisis&rft.date=2014-09-26&rft.au=Silvana+Toska&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fblogs%2Fmonkey-cage%2Fwp%2F2014%2F09%2F26%2Fshifting-balances-of-power-in-yemens-crisis%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/02/houthi-leader-vows-defend-glorious-revolution-150207145038603.html) "Houthi leader vows to defend 'glorious revolution' " . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Jazeera) (Al Jazeera) Al Jazeera . 8 February 2015. (https://web.archive.org/web/20150208030516/http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/02/houthi-leader-vows-defend-glorious-revolution-150207145038603.html) Archived from the original on 8 February 2015. Retrieved 7 February 2015 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Houthi+leader+vows+to+defend+%27glorious+revolution%27&rft.date=2015-02-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2015%2F02%2Fhouthi-leader-vows-defend-glorious-revolution-150207145038603.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Aboueldahab, Noha. (http://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/yemen-fate-sealed-years-171123110813931.html) "Yemen's fate was sealed six years ago" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Jazeera) (Al Jazeera) Al Jazeera  . (https://web.archive.org/web/20200831080205/https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/yemen-fate-sealed-years-171123110813931.html) Archived from the original on 31 August 2020. Retrieved 24 November 2017 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Yemen%27s+fate+was+sealed+six+years+ago&rft.aulast=Aboueldahab&rft.aufirst=Noha&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Findepth%2Fopinion%2Fyemen-fate-sealed-years-171123110813931.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_Borger) (Julian Borger) Borger, Julian (5 June 2015). (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jun/05/saudi-led-naval-blockade-worsens-yemen-humanitarian-disaster) "Saudi-led naval blockade leaves 20 m Yemenis facing humanitarian disaster" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian) (The Guardian) The Guardian  . (https://web.archive.org/web/20150605084858/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/jun/05/saudi-led-naval-blockade-worsens-yemen-humanitarian-disaster) Archived from the original on 5 June 2015. Retrieved 31 October 2015 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Saudi-led+naval+blockade+leaves+20+m+Yemenis+facing+humanitarian+disaster&rft.date=2015-06-05&rft.aulast=Borger&rft.aufirst=Julian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2015%2Fjun%2F05%2Fsaudi-led-naval-blockade-worsens-yemen-humanitarian-disaster&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.un.org/development/desa/dpad/least-developed-country-category/ldcs-at-a-glance.html) "LDCs at a Glance | Department of Economic and Social Affairs" . Economic Analysis & Policy Division | Dept of Economic & Social Affairs | United Nations . 25 May 2008. (https://web.archive.org/web/20220329160054/https://www.un.org/development/desa/dpad/least-developed-country-category/ldcs-at-a-glance.html) Archived from the original on 29 March 2022. Retrieved 29 July 2020 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Economic+Analysis+%26+Policy+Division+%7C+Dept+of+Economic+%26+Social+Affairs+%7C+United+Nations&rft.atitle=LDCs+at+a+Glance+%7C+Department+of+Economic+and+Social+Affairs&rft.date=2008-05-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fdevelopment%2Fdesa%2Fdpad%2Fleast-developed-country-category%2Fldcs-at-a-glance.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.un.org/development/desa/dpad/least-developed-country-category.html) "Least Developed Countries (LDCs) | Department of Economic and Social Affairs" . Economic Analysis & Policy Division | Dept of Economic & Social Affairs | United Nations . 23 September 2010. (https://web.archive.org/web/20190620211205/https://www.un.org/development/desa/dpad/least-developed-country-category.html) Archived from the original on 20 June 2019. Retrieved 29 July 2020 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Economic+Analysis+%26+Policy+Division+%7C+Dept+of+Economic+%26+Social+Affairs+%7C+United+Nations&rft.atitle=Least+Developed+Countries+%28LDCs%29+%7C+Department+of+Economic+and+Social+Affairs&rft.date=2010-09-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fdevelopment%2Fdesa%2Fdpad%2Fleast-developed-country-category.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/yemen/overview) "Overview" . (https://web.archive.org/web/20240426131826/https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/yemen/overview) Archived from the original on 26 April 2024. Retrieved 2 February 2023 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Overview&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldbank.org%2Fen%2Fcountry%2Fyemen%2Foverview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://reliefweb.int/report/yemen/yemen-2019-humanitarian-needs-overview-enar) "Yemen: 2019 Humanitarian Needs Overview [ EN/AR] " . ReliefWeb . United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA). 14 February 2019. (https://web.archive.org/web/20190617055834/https://reliefweb.int/report/yemen/yemen-2019-humanitarian-needs-overview-enar) Archived from the original on 17 June 2019. Retrieved 17 June 2019 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ReliefWeb&rft.atitle=Yemen%3A+2019+Humanitarian+Needs+Overview+%5BEN%2FAR%5D&rft.date=2019-02-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freliefweb.int%2Freport%2Fyemen%2Fyemen-2019-humanitarian-needs-overview-enar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Jawād ʻAlī (1968) [Digitized 17 February 2007]. الـمـفـصـّل في تـاريـخ العـرب قبـل الإسـلام [ Detailed history of Arabs before Islam ] (in Arabic). Vol. 1. Dār al-ʻIlm li-l-Malāyīn. p. 171. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%80%D9%85%D9%80%D9%81%D9%80%D8%B5%D9%80%D9%91%D9%84+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%AA%D9%80%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%80%D8%AE+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%80%D8%B1%D8%A8+%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%80%D9%84+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%80%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85&rft.pages=171&rft.pub=D%C4%81r+al-%CA%BBIlm+li-l-Mal%C4%81y%C4%ABn&rft.date=1968&rft.au=Jaw%C4%81d+%CA%BBAl%C4%AB&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)  (./Category:CS1_uses_Arabic-language_script_(ar))  (./Category:CS1_Arabic-language_sources_(ar))    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Neuwirth, Angelika; Sinai, Nicolai; Marx, Michael (2010). (https://books.google.com/books?id=GcgCErhKGrAC&pg=PA33) The Qur??n in Context: Historical and Literary Investigations Into the Qur??nic Milieu  . BRILL. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004176881) (Special:BookSources/9789004176881) 9789004176881  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Qur%3F%3Fn+in+Context%3A+Historical+and+Literary+Investigations+Into+the+Qur%3F%3Fnic+Milieu&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9789004176881&rft.aulast=Neuwirth&rft.aufirst=Angelika&rft.au=Sinai%2C+Nicolai&rft.au=Marx%2C+Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGcgCErhKGrAC%26pg%3DPA33&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Beeston, A.F.L.; Ghul, M.A.; Müller, W.W.; Ryckmans, J. (1982). (https://archive.org/stream/mo3sab/Sabaic.Dictionary-pages-OCR#page/n211/mode/2up) Sabaic Dictionary  . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Sanaa) (University of Sanaa) University of Sanaa , YAR. p. 168. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-8017-0194-7) (Special:BookSources/2-8017-0194-7) 2-8017-0194-7  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sabaic+Dictionary&rft.pages=168&rft.pub=University+of+Sanaa%2C+YAR&rft.date=1982&rft.isbn=2-8017-0194-7&rft.aulast=Beeston&rft.aufirst=A.F.L.&rft.au=Ghul%2C+M.A.&rft.au=M%C3%BCller%2C+W.W.&rft.au=Ryckmans%2C+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fmo3sab%2FSabaic.Dictionary-pages-OCR%23page%2Fn211%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Vladimir Sergeyevich Solovyov (2007). (https://books.google.com/books?id=0J6oJjgvefQC&q=yemen+means+blessed&pg=PA149) Enemies from the East?: V. S. Soloviev on Paganism, Asian Civilizations, and Islam  . Northwestern University Press. p. 149. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8101-2417-2) (Special:BookSources/978-0-8101-2417-2) 978-0-8101-2417-2  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Enemies+from+the+East%3F%3A+V.+S.+Soloviev+on+Paganism%2C+Asian+Civilizations%2C+and+Islam&rft.pages=149&rft.pub=Northwestern+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8101-2417-2&rft.au=Vladimir+Sergeyevich+Solovyov&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0J6oJjgvefQC%26q%3Dyemen%2Bmeans%2Bblessed%26pg%3DPA149&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Edward Balfour (1873). (https://books.google.com/books?id=d9UBAAAAYAAJ&q=yemen+means+felicity&pg=RA1-PA240) Cyclopædia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia, Commercial, Industrial and Scientific: Products of the Mineral, Vegetable and Animal Kingdoms, Useful Arts and Manufactures, Band 5  . Printed at the Scottish & Adelphi presses. p. 240. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cyclop%C3%A6dia+of+India+and+of+Eastern+and+Southern+Asia%2C+Commercial%2C+Industrial+and+Scientific%3A+Products+of+the+Mineral%2C+Vegetable+and+Animal+Kingdoms%2C+Useful+Arts+and+Manufactures%2C+Band+5&rft.pages=240&rft.pub=Printed+at+the+Scottish+%26+Adelphi+presses&rft.date=1873&rft.au=Edward+Balfour&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dd9UBAAAAYAAJ%26q%3Dyemen%2Bmeans%2Bfelicity%26pg%3DRA1-PA240&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   McLaughlin (2008) , p.  4   ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Atlas, Sabeeha; Qadir, Altaf (30 September 2024). (https://www.sociostudies.org/journal/articles/3776764/) "Chiefdom, Vassalage and Empire: The Political Structures of Arabia from the First CE to the Advent of Islam" . Social Evolution & History . 23 (2): 3– 43. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) (Doi (identifier)) doi :(Freely accessible) (https://doi.org/10.30884%2Fseh%2F2024.02.01) 10.30884/seh/2024.02.01  . Retrieved 7 August 2026 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Evolution+%26+History&rft.atitle=Chiefdom%2C+Vassalage+and+Empire%3A+The+Political+Structures+of+Arabia+from+the+First+CE+to+the+Advent+of+Islam&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=3-43&rft.date=2024-09-30&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.30884%2Fseh%2F2024.02.01&rft.aulast=Atlas&rft.aufirst=Sabeeha&rft.au=Qadir%2C+Altaf&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sociostudies.org%2Fjournal%2Farticles%2F3776764%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   Arbach & Rossi 2022 , pp. 40–41.  ↑   Quran  (https://quran.com/27?startingVerse=6) 27:6-93   ↑   Quran  (https://quran.com/34?startingVerse=15) 34:15-18   ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Geoffrey W. Bromiley (1979). The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia . Vol. 4. Wm. B. Eerdmans. p. 254. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8028-3784-0) (Special:BookSources/0-8028-3784-0) 0-8028-3784-0  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+International+Standard+Bible+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=254&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=0-8028-3784-0&rft.au=Geoffrey+W.+Bromiley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Nicholas Clapp (2002). (https://archive.org/details/sheba00nich/page/204) Sheba: Through the Desert in Search of the Legendary Queen  . Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. (https://archive.org/details/sheba00nich/page/204) 204 . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-618-21926-9) (Special:BookSources/0-618-21926-9) 0-618-21926-9  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sheba%3A+Through+the+Desert+in+Search+of+the+Legendary+Queen&rft.pages=204&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin+Harcourt&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-618-21926-9&rft.au=Nicholas+Clapp&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsheba00nich%2Fpage%2F204&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   McLaughlin (2008) , p.  5   ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Jerry R. Rogers; Glenn Owen Brown; Jürgen Garbrecht (1 January 2004). Water Resources and Environmental History . ASCE Publications. p. 36. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7844-7550-4) (Special:BookSources/0-7844-7550-4) 0-7844-7550-4  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Water+Resources+and+Environmental+History&rft.pages=36&rft.pub=ASCE+Publications&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.isbn=0-7844-7550-4&rft.au=Jerry+R.+Rogers&rft.au=Glenn+Owen+Brown&rft.au=J%C3%BCrgen+Garbrecht&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avraham_Negev) (Avraham Negev) Negev, Avraham ; (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shimon_Gibson) (Shimon Gibson) Gibson, Shimon , eds. (2001). "Dedan". (https://books.google.com/books?id=l3JtAAAAMAAJ) Archaeological Encyclopedia of the Holy Land  . New York and London: Continuum. p. 137. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8264-1316-1) (Special:BookSources/0-8264-1316-1) 0-8264-1316-1  . (https://web.archive.org/web/20230923091525/https://books.google.com/books?id=l3JtAAAAMAAJ) Archived from the original on 23 September 2023. Retrieved 26 July 2021 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Dedan&rft.btitle=Archaeological+Encyclopedia+of+the+Holy+Land&rft.place=New+York+and+London&rft.pages=137&rft.pub=Continuum&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-8264-1316-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dl3JtAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)  (Snippet view).  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Lionel Casson (2012). The Periplus Maris Erythraei: Text with Introduction, Translation, and Commentary . Princeton University Press. p. 150. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4008-4320-6) (Special:BookSources/978-1-4008-4320-6) 978-1-4008-4320-6  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Periplus+Maris+Erythraei%3A+Text+with+Introduction%2C+Translation%2C+and+Commentary&rft.pages=150&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-4008-4320-6&rft.au=Lionel+Casson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Peter Richardson (1999). Herod: King of the Jews and Friend of the Romans . Continuum. p. 230. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-567-08675-5) (Special:BookSources/0-567-08675-5) 0-567-08675-5  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Herod%3A+King+of+the+Jews+and+Friend+of+the+Romans&rft.pages=230&rft.pub=Continuum&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=0-567-08675-5&rft.au=Peter+Richardson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Hârun Yahya (1999). Perished Nations . Global Yayincilik. p. 115. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-897940-87-4) (Special:BookSources/1-897940-87-4) 1-897940-87-4  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Perished+Nations&rft.pages=115&rft.pub=Global+Yayincilik&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=1-897940-87-4&rft.au=H%C3%A2run+Yahya&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Jan Retso (2013). The Arabs in Antiquity: Their History from the Assyrians to the Umayyads . Routledge. p. 402. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-87282-2) (Special:BookSources/978-1-136-87282-2) 978-1-136-87282-2  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Arabs+in+Antiquity%3A+Their+History+from+the+Assyrians+to+the+Umayyads&rft.pages=402&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-136-87282-2&rft.au=Jan+Retso&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Clifford Edmund Bosworth (1989). The Encyclopedia of Islam . Vol. 6. Brill Archive. p. 561. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9004090827) (Special:BookSources/9004090827) 9004090827  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Islam&rft.pages=561&rft.pub=Brill+Archive&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=9004090827&rft.au=Clifford+Edmund+Bosworth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart_Munro-Hay) (Stuart Munro-Hay) Stuart Munro-Hay (2002). Ethiopia, the Unknown Land: A Cultural and Historical Guide . I. B. Tauris. p. 236. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86064-744-8) (Special:BookSources/1-86064-744-8) 1-86064-744-8  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ethiopia%2C+the+Unknown+Land%3A+A+Cultural+and+Historical+Guide&rft.pages=236&rft.pub=I.+B.+Tauris&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1-86064-744-8&rft.au=Stuart+Munro-Hay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  G. Johannes Botterweck; Helmer Ringgren (1979). Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament . Vol. 3. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 448. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8028-2327-0) (Special:BookSources/0-8028-2327-0) 0-8028-2327-0  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Theological+Dictionary+of+the+Old+Testament&rft.pages=448&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing&rft.date=1979&rft.isbn=0-8028-2327-0&rft.au=G.+Johannes+Botterweck&rft.au=Helmer+Ringgren&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Jawād ʻAlī (1968) [Digitized 17 February 2007]. الـمـفـصـّل في تـاريـخ العـرب قبـل الإسـلام [ Detailed history of Arabs before Islam ] (in Arabic). Vol. 2. Dār al-ʻIlm lil-Malāyīn. p. 482. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%80%D9%85%D9%80%D9%81%D9%80%D8%B5%D9%80%D9%91%D9%84+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%AA%D9%80%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%80%D8%AE+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%80%D8%B1%D8%A8+%D9%82%D8%A8%D9%80%D9%84+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%80%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85&rft.pages=482&rft.pub=D%C4%81r+al-%CA%BBIlm+lil-Mal%C4%81y%C4%ABn&rft.date=1968&rft.au=Jaw%C4%81d+%CA%BBAl%C4%AB&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)  (./Category:CS1_uses_Arabic-language_script_(ar))  (./Category:CS1_Arabic-language_sources_(ar))    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Albert Jamme (1962). Inscriptions From Mahram Bilqis (Marib) . Baltimore. p. 392. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Inscriptions+From+Mahram+Bilqis+%28Marib%29&rft.pages=392&rft.pub=Baltimore&rft.date=1962&rft.au=Albert+Jamme&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Dieter Vogel; Susan James (1990). Yemen . APA Publications. p. 34. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yemen&rft.pages=34&rft.pub=APA+Publications&rft.date=1990&rft.au=Dieter+Vogel&rft.au=Susan+James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Klaus Schippmann (2001). Ancient South Arabia: from the Queen of Sheba to the advent of Islam . Markus Wiener Publishers. pp. 52– 53. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55876-236-1) (Special:BookSources/1-55876-236-1) 1-55876-236-1  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+South+Arabia%3A+from+the+Queen+of+Sheba+to+the+advent+of+Islam&rft.pages=52-53&rft.pub=Markus+Wiener+Publishers&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=1-55876-236-1&rft.au=Klaus+Schippmann&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Francis E. Peters (1994). (https://archive.org/details/muhammadorigins00pete/page/48) Muhammad and the Origins of Islam  . SUNY Press. p. (https://archive.org/details/muhammadorigins00pete/page/48) 48 . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7914-1875-8) (Special:BookSources/0-7914-1875-8) 0-7914-1875-8  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Muhammad+and+the+Origins+of+Islam&rft.pages=48&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-7914-1875-8&rft.au=Francis+E.+Peters&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmuhammadorigins00pete%2Fpage%2F48&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Scott Johnson (1 November 2012). The Oxford Handbook of Late Antiquity . Oxford University Press. p. 282. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-533693-1) (Special:BookSources/978-0-19-533693-1) 978-0-19-533693-1  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Late+Antiquity&rft.pages=282&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012-11-01&rft.isbn=978-0-19-533693-1&rft.au=Scott+Johnson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Irfan Shahîd (1989). Byzantium and the Arabs in the 5th Century . Dumbarton Oaks. p. 65. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-88402-152-1) (Special:BookSources/0-88402-152-1) 0-88402-152-1  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Byzantium+and+the+Arabs+in+the+5th+Century&rft.pages=65&rft.pub=Dumbarton+Oaks&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-88402-152-1&rft.au=Irfan+Shah%C3%AEd&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.britannica.com/place/Byzantine-Empire) "Byzantine Empire | History, Geography, Maps, & Facts | Britannica" . www.britannica.com . 15 December 2024. (https://web.archive.org/web/20190904022422/https://www.britannica.com/place/Byzantine-Empire) Archived from the original on 4 September 2019. Retrieved 17 January 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.britannica.com&rft.atitle=Byzantine+Empire+%7C+History%2C+Geography%2C+Maps%2C+%26+Facts+%7C+Britannica&rft.date=2024-12-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FByzantine-Empire&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Scott Johnson (1 November 2012). The Oxford Handbook of Late Antiquity . Oxford University Press. p. 293. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-533693-1) (Special:BookSources/978-0-19-533693-1) 978-0-19-533693-1  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Late+Antiquity&rft.pages=293&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012-11-01&rft.isbn=978-0-19-533693-1&rft.au=Scott+Johnson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Scott Johnson (1 November 2012). The Oxford Handbook of Late Antiquity . Oxford University Press. p. 285. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-533693-1) (Special:BookSources/978-0-19-533693-1) 978-0-19-533693-1  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Late+Antiquity&rft.pages=285&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012-11-01&rft.isbn=978-0-19-533693-1&rft.au=Scott+Johnson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Scott Johnson (1 November 2012). The Oxford Handbook of Late Antiquity . Oxford University Press. p. 298. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-533693-1) (Special:BookSources/978-0-19-533693-1) 978-0-19-533693-1  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Handbook+of+Late+Antiquity&rft.pages=298&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012-11-01&rft.isbn=978-0-19-533693-1&rft.au=Scott+Johnson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Sabarr Janneh. Learning From the Life of Prophet Muhammad . AuthorHouse. p. 17. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4678-9966-6) (Special:BookSources/1-4678-9966-6) 1-4678-9966-6  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Learning+From+the+Life+of+Prophet+Muhammad&rft.pages=17&rft.pub=AuthorHouse&rft.isbn=1-4678-9966-6&rft.au=Sabarr+Janneh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   Abd al-Muhsin Madʼaj M. Madʼaj The Yemen in Early Islam (9–233/630–847): A Political History p. 12 Ithaca Press, 1988 (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0863721028) (Special:BookSources/0863721028) 0863721028    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Nuryansah, Mohamad (2018). (http://www.atlantis-press.com/php/paper-details.php?id=25890914) ISRAILIAT CONTRIBUTION IN CONTEMPORARY EXEGESIS: (THE EFFORT TO ESTABLISH ISRAILIAT WHICH IS SILENCED qMAUQUFq AS A SOURCE OF AN INTERPRETATION)  . Atlantis Press. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)) (Doi (identifier)) doi :(https://doi.org/10.2991%2Ficqhs-17.2018.6) 10.2991/icqhs-17.2018.6 . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-94-6252-456-9) (Special:BookSources/978-94-6252-456-9) 978-94-6252-456-9  . Retrieved 7 August 2026 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.btitle=ISRAILIAT+CONTRIBUTION+IN+CONTEMPORARY+EXEGESIS%3A+%28THE+EFFORT+TO+ESTABLISH+ISRAILIAT+WHICH+IS+SILENCED+qMAUQUFq+AS+A+SOURCE+OF+AN+INTERPRETATION%29&rft.pub=Atlantis+Press&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2991%2Ficqhs-17.2018.6&rft.isbn=978-94-6252-456-9&rft.aulast=Nuryansah&rft.aufirst=Mohamad&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.atlantis-press.com%2Fphp%2Fpaper-details.php%3Fid%3D25890914&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   Wilferd Madelung The Succession to Muhammad: A Study of the Early Caliphate p. 199 Cambridge University Press, 15 October 1998 (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0521646960) (Special:BookSources/0521646960) 0521646960    ↑   Ṭabarī The History of al-Tabari Vol. 12: The Battle of al-Qadisiyyah and the Conquest of Syria and Palestine A.D. 635–637/A.H. 14–15 pp. 10–11 SUNY Press, 1992 (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0791407330) (Special:BookSources/0791407330) 0791407330    ↑   Idris El Hareir The Spread of Islam Throughout the World p. 380 UNESCO, 2011 (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9231041533) (Special:BookSources/9231041533) 9231041533    ↑   Nejla M. Abu Izzeddin The Druzes: A New Study of Their History, Faith, and Society BRILL, 1993 (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9004097058) (Special:BookSources/9004097058) 9004097058    ↑   Hugh Kennedy The Armies of the Caliphs: Military and Society in the Early Islamic State p. 33 Routledge, 17 June 2013 (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1134531133) (Special:BookSources/1134531133) 1134531133    1  2   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Wheatley_(geographer)) (Paul Wheatley (geographer)) Paul Wheatley The Places Where Men Pray Together: Cities in Islamic Lands, Seventh Through the Tenth Centuries p. 128 University of Chicago Press, 2001 (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0226894282) (Special:BookSources/0226894282) 0226894282    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Paul Lunde, Alexandra Porter (2004). (https://books.google.com/books?id=HSdmAAAAMAAJ) Trade and travel in the Red Sea Region: proceedings of Red Sea project I held in the British Museum, October 2002  . Archaeopress. p. 20. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84171-622-7) (Special:BookSources/1-84171-622-7) 1-84171-622-7  . in 976–77 AD[...] the then ruler of Yemen received slaves, as well as amber and (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_leopard) (African leopard) leopard skins from the chief of the Dahlak islands (off the coast from Massawa).  (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Trade+and+travel+in+the+Red+Sea+Region%3A+proceedings+of+Red+Sea+project+I+held+in+the+British+Museum%2C+October+2002&rft.pages=20&rft.pub=Archaeopress&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1-84171-622-7&rft.aulast=Paul+Lunde&rft.aufirst=Alexandra+Porter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHSdmAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   Kamal Suleiman Salibi A History of Arabia p. 108 Caravan Books, 1980 OCLC Number: 164797251  ↑   Stephen W. Day Regionalism and Rebellion in Yemen: A Troubled National Union p. 31 Cambridge University Press, 2012 (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1107022150) (Special:BookSources/1107022150) 1107022150    ↑   Gerhard Lichtenthäler Political Ecology and the Role of Water: Environment, Society and Economy in Northern Yemen p. 55 Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. 2003 (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0754609081) (Special:BookSources/0754609081) 0754609081    ↑   J. D. Fage, Roland Anthony Oliver The Cambridge History of Africa, Volume 3 p. 119 Cambridge University Press,1977 (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0521209811) (Special:BookSources/0521209811) 0521209811    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  William Charles Brice (1981), An Historical Atlas of Islam [cartographic Material] , (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brill_publishers) (Brill publishers) BRILL , p. 338, (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9004061169) (Special:BookSources/9004061169) 9004061169   (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Historical+Atlas+of+Islam+%5Bcartographic+Material%5D&rft.pages=338&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=9004061169&rft.au=William+Charles+Brice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   Farhad Daftary Ismailis in Medieval Muslim Societies: A Historical Introduction to an Islamic Community p. 92 I. B. Tauris, 2005 (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1845110919) (Special:BookSources/1845110919) 1845110919    ↑   Farhad Daftary The Isma'ilis: Their History and Doctrines p. 199 Cambridge University Press, 2007 (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1139465783) (Special:BookSources/1139465783) 1139465783    ↑   Fatima Mernissi The Forgotten Queens of Islam p. 14 U of Minnesota Press, 1997 (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0816624399) (Special:BookSources/0816624399) 0816624399    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Mohammed Abdo Al-Sururi (1987). الحياة السياسية ومظاهر الحضارة في اليمن في عهد الدو المستقلة [ political life and aspects of civilization in Yemen during the reign of Independent States ] (in Arabic). (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanaa_University) (Sanaa University) Sanaa University . p. 237. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D9%88%D9%85%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%B9%D9%87%D8%AF+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A9&rft.pages=237&rft.pub=Sanaa+University&rft.date=1987&rft.au=Mohammed+Abdo+Al-Sururi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)  (./Category:CS1_uses_Arabic-language_script_(ar))  (./Category:CS1_Arabic-language_sources_(ar))    ↑   Farhad Daftary Ismailis in Medieval Muslim Societies: A Historical Introduction to an Islamic Community p. 93 I. B. Tauris, 2005 (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1845110919) (Special:BookSources/1845110919) 1845110919    1  2   Steven C. Caton Yemen p. 51 ABC-CLIO, 2013 (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/159884928X) (Special:BookSources/159884928X) 159884928X    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Bonnie G. Smith (2008). (https://archive.org/details/oxfordencycloped0000unse_k2h2/page/163) The Oxford Encyclopedia of Women in World History  (in Arabic). Vol. 4. Oxford University Press. p. (https://archive.org/details/oxfordencycloped0000unse_k2h2/page/163) 163 . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-514890-9) (Special:BookSources/978-0-19-514890-9) 978-0-19-514890-9  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Encyclopedia+of+Women+in+World+History&rft.pages=163&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-19-514890-9&rft.au=Bonnie+G.+Smith&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foxfordencycloped0000unse_k2h2%2Fpage%2F163&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)  (./Category:CS1_Arabic-language_sources_(ar))    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Mohammed Abdo Al-Sururi (1987). الحياة السياسية ومظاهر الحضارة في اليمن في عهد الدو المستقلة [ political life and aspects of civilization in Yemen during the reign of Independent States ] (in Arabic). (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanaa_University) (Sanaa University) Sanaa University . p. 303. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D9%88%D9%85%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%B9%D9%87%D8%AF+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A9&rft.pages=303&rft.pub=Sanaa+University&rft.date=1987&rft.au=Mohammed+Abdo+Al-Sururi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)  (./Category:CS1_uses_Arabic-language_script_(ar))  (./Category:CS1_Arabic-language_sources_(ar))    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Alexander Mikaberidze (2011). Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World: A Historical Encyclopedia: A Historical Encyclopedia . ABC-CLIO. p. 159. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-337-8) (Special:BookSources/978-1-59884-337-8) 978-1-59884-337-8  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conflict+and+Conquest+in+the+Islamic+World%3A+A+Historical+Encyclopedia%3A+A+Historical+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=159&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-59884-337-8&rft.au=Alexander+Mikaberidze&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Mohammed Abdo Al-Sururi (1987). الحياة السياسية ومظاهر الحضارة في اليمن في عهد الدو المستقلة [ political life and aspects of civilization in Yemen during the reign of Independent States ] (in Arabic). (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanaa_University) (Sanaa University) Sanaa University . p. 311. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D9%88%D9%85%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%B9%D9%87%D8%AF+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A9&rft.pages=311&rft.pub=Sanaa+University&rft.date=1987&rft.au=Mohammed+Abdo+Al-Sururi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)  (./Category:CS1_uses_Arabic-language_script_(ar))  (./Category:CS1_Arabic-language_sources_(ar))    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Farhad Daftary (2007). The Isma'ilis: Their History and Doctrines . Cambridge University Press. p. 260. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-139-46578-6) (Special:BookSources/978-1-139-46578-6) 978-1-139-46578-6  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Isma%27ilis%3A+Their+History+and+Doctrines&rft.pages=260&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-139-46578-6&rft.au=Farhad+Daftary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Josef W. Meri (2004). Medieval Islamic Civilization . Psychology Press. p. 871. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-96690-6) (Special:BookSources/0-415-96690-6) 0-415-96690-6  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Islamic+Civilization&rft.pages=871&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-415-96690-6&rft.au=Josef+W.+Meri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Mohammed Abdo Al-Sururi (1987). الحياة السياسية ومظاهر الحضارة في اليمن في عهد الدول المستقلة [ political life and aspects of civilization in Yemen during the reign of Independent States ] (in Arabic). (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanaa_University) (Sanaa University) Sanaa University . p. 350. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D9%88%D9%85%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%B9%D9%87%D8%AF+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A9&rft.pages=350&rft.pub=Sanaa+University&rft.date=1987&rft.au=Mohammed+Abdo+Al-Sururi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)  (./Category:CS1_uses_Arabic-language_script_(ar))  (./Category:CS1_Arabic-language_sources_(ar))    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Mohammed Abdo Al-Sururi (1987). الحياة السياسية ومظاهر الحضارة في اليمن في عهد الدول المستقلة [ political life and aspects of civilization in Yemen during the reign of Independent States ] (in Arabic). (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanaa_University) (Sanaa University) Sanaa University . p. 354. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D9%88%D9%85%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%B9%D9%87%D8%AF+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A9&rft.pages=354&rft.pub=Sanaa+University&rft.date=1987&rft.au=Mohammed+Abdo+Al-Sururi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)  (./Category:CS1_uses_Arabic-language_script_(ar))  (./Category:CS1_Arabic-language_sources_(ar))    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Mohammed Abdo Al-Sururi (1987). الحياة السياسية ومظاهر الحضارة في اليمن في عهد الدول المستقلة [ political life and aspects of civilization in Yemen during the reign of Independent States ] (in Arabic). (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanaa_University) (Sanaa University) Sanaa University . p. 371. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D9%88%D9%85%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%B9%D9%87%D8%AF+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A9&rft.pages=371&rft.pub=Sanaa+University&rft.date=1987&rft.au=Mohammed+Abdo+Al-Sururi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)  (./Category:CS1_uses_Arabic-language_script_(ar))  (./Category:CS1_Arabic-language_sources_(ar))    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Mohammed Abdo Al-Sururi (1987). الحياة السياسية ومظاهر الحضارة في اليمن في عهد الدول المستقلة [ political life and aspects of civilization in Yemen during the reign of Independent States ] (in Arabic). (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanaa_University) (Sanaa University) Sanaa University . p. 407. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A9+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9+%D9%88%D9%85%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%B9%D9%87%D8%AF+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D9%84%D8%A9&rft.pages=407&rft.pub=Sanaa+University&rft.date=1987&rft.au=Mohammed+Abdo+Al-Sururi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)  (./Category:CS1_uses_Arabic-language_script_(ar))  (./Category:CS1_Arabic-language_sources_(ar))    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Alexander D. Knysh (1999). Ibn 'Arabi in the Later Islamic Tradition: The Making of a Polemical Image in Medieval Islam . SUNY Press. p. 230. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4384-0942-7) (Special:BookSources/1-4384-0942-7) 1-4384-0942-7  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ibn+%27Arabi+in+the+Later+Islamic+Tradition%3A+The+Making+of+a+Polemical+Image+in+Medieval+Islam&rft.pages=230&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=1-4384-0942-7&rft.au=Alexander+D.+Knysh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Abdul Ali (1996). Islamic Dynasties of the Arab East: State and Civilization During the Later Medieval Times . M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. p. 84. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/8175330082) (Special:BookSources/8175330082) 8175330082  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islamic+Dynasties+of+the+Arab+East%3A+State+and+Civilization+During+the+Later+Medieval+Times&rft.pages=84&rft.pub=M.D.+Publications+Pvt.+Ltd&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=8175330082&rft.au=Abdul+Ali&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Abdul Ali (1996). Islamic Dynasties of the Arab East: State and Civilization During the Later Medieval Times . M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. p. 86. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/8175330082) (Special:BookSources/8175330082) 8175330082  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islamic+Dynasties+of+the+Arab+East%3A+State+and+Civilization+During+the+Later+Medieval+Times&rft.pages=86&rft.pub=M.D.+Publications+Pvt.+Ltd&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=8175330082&rft.au=Abdul+Ali&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    1  2  3  4   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Josef W. Meri; Jere L. Bacharach (2006). Medieval Islamic Civilization: L-Z, index . Taylor & Francis. p. 669. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-96692-2) (Special:BookSources/0-415-96692-2) 0-415-96692-2  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Medieval+Islamic+Civilization%3A+L-Z%2C+index&rft.pages=669&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-415-96692-2&rft.au=Josef+W.+Meri&rft.au=Jere+L.+Bacharach&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  David J Wasserstein; Ami Ayalon (2013). Mamluks and Ottomans: Studies in Honour of Michael Winter . Routledge. p. 201. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-136-57917-2) (Special:BookSources/978-1-136-57917-2) 978-1-136-57917-2  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mamluks+and+Ottomans%3A+Studies+in+Honour+of+Michael+Winter&rft.pages=201&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-136-57917-2&rft.au=David+J+Wasserstein&rft.au=Ami+Ayalon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Alexander D. Knysh (1999). Ibn 'Arabi in the Later Islamic Tradition: The Making of a Polemical Image in Medieval Islam . SUNY Press. p. 231. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4384-0942-7) (Special:BookSources/1-4384-0942-7) 1-4384-0942-7  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ibn+%27Arabi+in+the+Later+Islamic+Tradition%3A+The+Making+of+a+Polemical+Image+in+Medieval+Islam&rft.pages=231&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=1-4384-0942-7&rft.au=Alexander+D.+Knysh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.yementourism.com/explore-yemen/spiritual-tourism/105-the-mosque-and-school-of-al-amiryah-2) "Yemen Tourism Promotion Board – The Mosque and School of Al-Amiryah" . www.yementourism.com . (https://web.archive.org/web/20230416162801/https://www.yementourism.com/explore-yemen/spiritual-tourism/105-the-mosque-and-school-of-al-amiryah-2) Archived from the original on 16 April 2023. Retrieved 16 April 2023 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.yementourism.com&rft.atitle=Yemen+Tourism+Promotion+Board+%E2%80%93+The+Mosque+and+School+of+Al-Amiryah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yementourism.com%2Fexplore-yemen%2Fspiritual-tourism%2F105-the-mosque-and-school-of-al-amiryah-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    1  2   Steven C. Caton Yemen p. 59 ABC-CLIO, 2013 (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/159884928X) (Special:BookSources/159884928X) 159884928X    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Abdul Ali (1996). Islamic Dynasties of the Arab East: State and Civilization During the Later Medieval Times . M.D. Publications Pvt. Ltd. p. 94. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/8175330082) (Special:BookSources/8175330082) 8175330082  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Islamic+Dynasties+of+the+Arab+East%3A+State+and+Civilization+During+the+Later+Medieval+Times&rft.pages=94&rft.pub=M.D.+Publications+Pvt.+Ltd&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=8175330082&rft.au=Abdul+Ali&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Bernard Haykel (2003). Revival and Reform in Islam: The Legacy of Muhammad Al-Shawkani . Cambridge University Press. p. 30. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-52890-9) (Special:BookSources/0-521-52890-9) 0-521-52890-9  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Revival+and+Reform+in+Islam%3A+The+Legacy+of+Muhammad+Al-Shawkani&rft.pages=30&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-521-52890-9&rft.au=Bernard+Haykel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Halil İnalcık; Donald Quataert (1994). An Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire, 1300–1914 . Cambridge University Press. p. 320. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-34315-1) (Special:BookSources/0-521-34315-1) 0-521-34315-1  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Economic+and+Social+History+of+the+Ottoman+Empire%2C+1300%E2%80%931914&rft.pages=320&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-521-34315-1&rft.au=Halil+%C4%B0nalc%C4%B1k&rft.au=Donald+Quataert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Zurcher, Erik Jan (1 January 1996). (https://www.academia.edu/5720965) "An Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire, 1300–1914. Ed. by Halil Inalcik, with Donald Quataert" . International Review of Social History . (https://web.archive.org/web/20240227212338/https://www.academia.edu/5720965) Archived from the original on 27 February 2024. Retrieved 21 December 2023 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Review+of+Social+History&rft.atitle=An+Economic+and+Social+History+of+the+Ottoman+Empire%2C+1300%E2%80%931914.+Ed.+by+Halil+Inalcik%2C+with+Donald+Quataert&rft.date=1996-01-01&rft.aulast=Zurcher&rft.aufirst=Erik+Jan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F5720965&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Silva, António Dinis da Cruz e (1817). (https://books.google.com/books?id=ULsGAAAAQAAJ&dq=Heitor+da+Silveira+Adem&pg=PA127) Poesias de Antonio Diniz da Cruz e Silva: Segunda parte das Odes pindaricas  (in Brazilian Portuguese). Typografia Lacerdina. (https://web.archive.org/web/20240104181025/https://books.google.com/books?dq=Heitor+da+Silveira+Adem&id=ULsGAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA127) Archived from the original on 4 January 2024. Retrieved 26 January 2024 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Poesias+de+Antonio+Diniz+da+Cruz+e+Silva%3A+Segunda+parte+das+Odes+pindaricas&rft.pub=Typografia+Lacerdina&rft.date=1817&rft.aulast=Silva&rft.aufirst=Ant%C3%B3nio+Dinis+da+Cruz+e&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DULsGAAAAQAAJ%26dq%3DHeitor%2Bda%2BSilveira%2BAdem%26pg%3DPA127&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)  (./Category:CS1_Brazilian_Portuguese-language_sources_(pt-br))    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Barros, Joao de (1628). (https://books.google.com/books?id=A9VUAAAAcAAJ&dq=Nuno+da+Cunha+Xael&pg=PA551) Asia ... Dos feitos que os Portugueses fezerao no descobrimento e conquista dos mares e terras do Oriente  (in Brazilian Portuguese). Jorge Rodriguez. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Asia+...+Dos+feitos+que+os+Portugueses+fezerao+no+descobrimento+e+conquista+dos+mares+e+terras+do+Oriente&rft.pub=Jorge+Rodriguez&rft.date=1628&rft.aulast=Barros&rft.aufirst=Joao+de&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DA9VUAAAAcAAJ%26dq%3DNuno%2Bda%2BCunha%2BXael%26pg%3DPA551&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)  (./Category:CS1_Brazilian_Portuguese-language_sources_(pt-br))    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Nahrawālī, Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad (6 September 2002). (https://books.google.com/books?id=IiRwGU9pvw4C) البرق اليماني في الفتح العثماني  [ Lightning Over Yemen: A History of the Ottoman Campaign in Yemen, 1569–71 ] . Translated by Smith, Clive. I. B. Tauris. p. 2. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86064-836-6) (Special:BookSources/978-1-86064-836-6) 978-1-86064-836-6  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%82+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A+%D9%81%D9%8A+%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%AD+%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=I.+B.+Tauris&rft.date=2002-09-06&rft.isbn=978-1-86064-836-6&rft.aulast=Nahraw%C4%81l%C4%AB&rft.aufirst=Mu%E1%B8%A5ammad+ibn+A%E1%B8%A5mad&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIiRwGU9pvw4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)  (./Category:CS1_uses_Arabic-language_script_(ar))    ↑   Nahrawālī (2002) , p.  88   ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Jane Hathaway (2012). A Tale of Two Factions: Myth, Memory, and Identity in Ottoman Egypt and Yemen . SUNY Press. p. 83. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-8610-8) (Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-8610-8) 978-0-7914-8610-8  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Tale+of+Two+Factions%3A+Myth%2C+Memory%2C+and+Identity+in+Ottoman+Egypt+and+Yemen&rft.pages=83&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-7914-8610-8&rft.au=Jane+Hathaway&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    1  2  3   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://books.google.com/books?id=_WJFAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA75) Accounts and Extracts of the Manuscripts in the Library of the King of France  . Vol. 2. R. Faulder. 1789. p. 75. (https://web.archive.org/web/20231028115444/https://books.google.com/books?id=_WJFAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA75#v=onepage&q&f=false) Archived from the original on 28 October 2023. Retrieved 20 June 2015 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Accounts+and+Extracts+of+the+Manuscripts+in+the+Library+of+the+King+of+France&rft.pages=75&rft.pub=R.+Faulder&rft.date=1789&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_WJFAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA75&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://books.google.com/books?id=_WJFAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA75) Accounts and Extracts of the Manuscripts in the Library of the King of France  . Vol. 2. R. Faulder. 1789. p. 76. (https://web.archive.org/web/20231028115444/https://books.google.com/books?id=_WJFAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA75#v=onepage&q&f=false) Archived from the original on 28 October 2023. Retrieved 20 June 2015 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Accounts+and+Extracts+of+the+Manuscripts+in+the+Library+of+the+King+of+France&rft.pages=76&rft.pub=R.+Faulder&rft.date=1789&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_WJFAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA75&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://books.google.com/books?id=_WJFAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA75) Accounts and Extracts of the Manuscripts in the Library of the King of France  . Vol. 2. R. Faulder. 1789. p. 78. (https://web.archive.org/web/20231028115444/https://books.google.com/books?id=_WJFAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA75#v=onepage&q&f=false) Archived from the original on 28 October 2023. Retrieved 20 June 2015 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Accounts+and+Extracts+of+the+Manuscripts+in+the+Library+of+the+King+of+France&rft.pages=78&rft.pub=R.+Faulder&rft.date=1789&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_WJFAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA75&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Kjetil Selvik; Stig Stenslie (2011). Stability and Change in the Modern Middle East . I. B. Tauris. p. 90. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84885-589-2) (Special:BookSources/978-1-84885-589-2) 978-1-84885-589-2  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stability+and+Change+in+the+Modern+Middle+East&rft.pages=90&rft.pub=I.+B.+Tauris&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-84885-589-2&rft.au=Kjetil+Selvik&rft.au=Stig+Stenslie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Anna Hestler; Jo-Ann Spilling (2010). Yemen . Marshall Cavendish. p. 23. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7614-4850-1) (Special:BookSources/978-0-7614-4850-1) 978-0-7614-4850-1  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yemen&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=Marshall+Cavendish&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-7614-4850-1&rft.au=Anna+Hestler&rft.au=Jo-Ann+Spilling&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Richard N. Schofield (1994). Territorial foundations of the Gulf states . UCL Press. p. 90. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85728-121-7) (Special:BookSources/1-85728-121-7) 1-85728-121-7  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Territorial+foundations+of+the+Gulf+states&rft.pages=90&rft.pub=UCL+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=1-85728-121-7&rft.au=Richard+N.+Schofield&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   Burrowes (2010) , p.  295   ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Nelly Hanna (2005). Society and Economy in Egypt and the Eastern Mediterranean, 1600–1900: Essays in Honor of André Raymond . American Univ in Cairo Press. p. 124. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9774249372) (Special:BookSources/9774249372) 9774249372  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Society+and+Economy+in+Egypt+and+the+Eastern+Mediterranean%2C+1600%E2%80%931900%3A+Essays+in+Honor+of+Andr%C3%A9+Raymond&rft.pages=124&rft.pub=American+Univ+in+Cairo+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9774249372&rft.au=Nelly+Hanna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Marta Colburn (2002). The Republic of Yemen: Development Challenges in the 21st Century . CIIR. p. 15. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85287-249-7) (Special:BookSources/1-85287-249-7) 1-85287-249-7  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Republic+of+Yemen%3A+Development+Challenges+in+the+21st+Century&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=CIIR&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1-85287-249-7&rft.au=Marta+Colburn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Ari Ariel (2013). Jewish-Muslim Relations and Migration from Yemen to Palestine in the Late Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries . BRILL. p. 24. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9004265370) (Special:BookSources/978-9004265370) 978-9004265370  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jewish-Muslim+Relations+and+Migration+from+Yemen+to+Palestine+in+the+Late+Nineteenth+and+Twentieth+Centuries&rft.pages=24&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-9004265370&rft.au=Ari+Ariel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Caesar E. Farah (2002). (Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required) (https://archive.org/details/sultansyementhce00fara) The Sultan's Yemen: 19th-Century Challenges to Ottoman Rule   . I. B. Tauris. p. (https://archive.org/details/sultansyementhce00fara/page/n142) 120 . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86064-767-7) (Special:BookSources/1-86064-767-7) 1-86064-767-7  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sultan%27s+Yemen%3A+19th-Century+Challenges+to+Ottoman+Rule&rft.pages=120&rft.pub=I.+B.+Tauris&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1-86064-767-7&rft.au=Caesar+E.+Farah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsultansyementhce00fara&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  R. J. Gavin (1975). (Free registration required) (https://archive.org/details/adenunderbritish0000gavi) Aden Under British Rule, 1839–1967   . C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. p. (https://archive.org/details/adenunderbritish0000gavi/page/60) 60 . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-903983-14-1) (Special:BookSources/0-903983-14-1) 0-903983-14-1  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aden+Under+British+Rule%2C+1839%E2%80%931967&rft.pages=60&rft.pub=C.+Hurst+%26+Co.+Publishers&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=0-903983-14-1&rft.au=R.+J.+Gavin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fadenunderbritish0000gavi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Caesar E. Farah (2002). (Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required) (https://archive.org/details/sultansyementhce00fara) The Sultan's Yemen: 19th-Century Challenges to Ottoman Rule   . I. B. Tauris. p. (https://archive.org/details/sultansyementhce00fara/page/n154) 132 . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86064-767-7) (Special:BookSources/1-86064-767-7) 1-86064-767-7  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sultan%27s+Yemen%3A+19th-Century+Challenges+to+Ottoman+Rule&rft.pages=132&rft.pub=I.+B.+Tauris&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1-86064-767-7&rft.au=Caesar+E.+Farah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsultansyementhce00fara&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Caesar E. Farah (2002). (Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required) (https://archive.org/details/sultansyementhce00fara) The Sultan's Yemen: 19th-Century Challenges to Ottoman Rule   . I. B. Tauris. p. (https://archive.org/details/sultansyementhce00fara/page/n142) 120 . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86064-767-7) (Special:BookSources/1-86064-767-7) 1-86064-767-7  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sultan%27s+Yemen%3A+19th-Century+Challenges+to+Ottoman+Rule&rft.pages=120&rft.pub=I.+B.+Tauris&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1-86064-767-7&rft.au=Caesar+E.+Farah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsultansyementhce00fara&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Reeva S. Simon; Michael Menachem Laskier; Sara Reguer (2013). The Jews of the Middle East and North Africa in Modern Times . Columbia University Press. p. 390. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-50759-2) (Special:BookSources/978-0-231-50759-2) 978-0-231-50759-2  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jews+of+the+Middle+East+and+North+Africa+in+Modern+Times&rft.pages=390&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-231-50759-2&rft.au=Reeva+S.+Simon&rft.au=Michael+Menachem+Laskier&rft.au=Sara+Reguer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  B. Z. Eraqi Klorman (1993). The Jews of Yemen in the Nineteenth Century: A Portrait of a Messianic Community . BRILL. p. 11. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9004096841) (Special:BookSources/9004096841) 9004096841  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jews+of+Yemen+in+the+Nineteenth+Century%3A+A+Portrait+of+a+Messianic+Community&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=9004096841&rft.au=B.+Z.+Eraqi+Klorman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Ari Ariel (2013). Jewish-Muslim Relations and Migration from Yemen to Palestine in the Late Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries . BRILL. p. 37. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9004265370) (Special:BookSources/978-9004265370) 978-9004265370  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jewish-Muslim+Relations+and+Migration+from+Yemen+to+Palestine+in+the+Late+Nineteenth+and+Twentieth+Centuries&rft.pages=37&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-9004265370&rft.au=Ari+Ariel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Doğan Gürpınar (2013). Ottoman/Turkish Visions of the Nation, 1860–1950 . Palgrave Macmillan. p. 71. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-137-33421-3) (Special:BookSources/978-1-137-33421-3) 978-1-137-33421-3  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ottoman%2FTurkish+Visions+of+the+Nation%2C+1860%E2%80%931950&rft.pages=71&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-137-33421-3&rft.au=Do%C4%9Fan+G%C3%BCrp%C4%B1nar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Caesar E. Farah (2002). (Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required) (https://archive.org/details/sultansyementhce00fara) The Sultan's Yemen: 19th-Century Challenges to Ottoman Rule   . I. B. Tauris. p. (https://archive.org/details/sultansyementhce00fara/page/n118) 96 . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-86064-767-7) (Special:BookSources/1-86064-767-7) 1-86064-767-7  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sultan%27s+Yemen%3A+19th-Century+Challenges+to+Ottoman+Rule&rft.pages=96&rft.pub=I.+B.+Tauris&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1-86064-767-7&rft.au=Caesar+E.+Farah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsultansyementhce00fara&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  B. Z. Eraqi Klorman (1993). The Jews of Yemen in the Nineteenth Century: A Portrait of a Messianic Community . BRILL. p. 12. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9004096841) (Special:BookSources/9004096841) 9004096841  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jews+of+Yemen+in+the+Nineteenth+Century%3A+A+Portrait+of+a+Messianic+Community&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=9004096841&rft.au=B.+Z.+Eraqi+Klorman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Eugene L. Rogan (2002). Frontiers of the State in the Late Ottoman Empire: Transjordan, 1850–1921 . Cambridge University Press. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-89223-6) (Special:BookSources/0-521-89223-6) 0-521-89223-6  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Frontiers+of+the+State+in+the+Late+Ottoman+Empire%3A+Transjordan%2C+1850%E2%80%931921&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-521-89223-6&rft.au=Eugene+L.+Rogan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    1  2   Schofield 1999 .sfn error: no target: CITEREFSchofield1999 ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors) (Category:Harv and Sfn template errors) help ) (./Category:Harv_and_Sfn_no-target_errors)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Bernard Reich (1990). Political Leaders of the Contemporary Middle East and North Africa: A Biographical Dictionary . Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 509. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-313-26213-6) (Special:BookSources/0-313-26213-6) 0-313-26213-6  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+Leaders+of+the+Contemporary+Middle+East+and+North+Africa%3A+A+Biographical+Dictionary&rft.pages=509&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-313-26213-6&rft.au=Bernard+Reich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Paul Dresch (2000). A History of Modern Yemen . Cambridge University Press. p. 34. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-79482-X) (Special:BookSources/0-521-79482-X) 0-521-79482-X  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Modern+Yemen&rft.pages=34&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-521-79482-X&rft.au=Paul+Dresch&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Massimiliano Fiore (2010). (Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required) (https://archive.org/details/angloitalianrela00fior) Anglo-Italian Relations in the Middle East, 1922–1940   . Ashgate Publishing. p. (https://archive.org/details/angloitalianrela00fior/page/n37) 21 . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-9747-3) (Special:BookSources/978-0-7546-9747-3) 978-0-7546-9747-3  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Anglo-Italian+Relations+in+the+Middle+East%2C+1922%E2%80%931940&rft.pages=21&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-7546-9747-3&rft.au=Massimiliano+Fiore&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fangloitalianrela00fior&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madawi_al-Rasheed) (Madawi al-Rasheed) Madawi al-Rasheed (2002). A History of Saudi Arabia . Cambridge University Press. p. 101. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-64412-7) (Special:BookSources/0-521-64412-7) 0-521-64412-7  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Saudi+Arabia&rft.pages=101&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-521-64412-7&rft.au=Madawi+al-Rasheed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Bernard Reich (1990). Political Leaders of the Contemporary Middle East and North Africa: A Biographical Dictionary . Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 509. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-26213-5) (Special:BookSources/978-0-313-26213-5) 978-0-313-26213-5  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+Leaders+of+the+Contemporary+Middle+East+and+North+Africa%3A+A+Biographical+Dictionary&rft.pages=509&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-313-26213-5&rft.au=Bernard+Reich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Madawi al-Rasheed (April 2010). A History of Saudi Arabia . Cambridge University Press. p. 97. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-76128-4) (Special:BookSources/978-0-521-76128-4) 978-0-521-76128-4  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Saudi+Arabia&rft.pages=97&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2010-04&rft.isbn=978-0-521-76128-4&rft.au=Madawi+al-Rasheed&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Raymond A. Hinnebusch; Anoushiravan Ehteshami (2002). (Free registration required) (https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781588260208) The Foreign Policies of Middle East States   . Lynne Rienner Publishers. p. (https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781588260208/page/262) 262 . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58826-020-8) (Special:BookSources/1-58826-020-8) 1-58826-020-8  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Foreign+Policies+of+Middle+East+States&rft.pages=262&rft.pub=Lynne+Rienner+Publishers&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=1-58826-020-8&rft.au=Raymond+A.+Hinnebusch&rft.au=Anoushiravan+Ehteshami&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9781588260208&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Glen Balfour-Paul (1994). The End of Empire in the Middle East: Britain's Relinquishment of Power in Her Last Three Arab Dependencies . Cambridge University Press. p. 60. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-46636-9) (Special:BookSources/0-521-46636-9) 0-521-46636-9  . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+End+of+Empire+in+the+Middle+East%3A+Britain%27s+Relinquishment+of+Power+in+Her+Last+Three+Arab+Dependencies&rft.pages=60&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-521-46636-9&rft.au=Glen+Balfour-Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    1  2   Kiren Aziz Chaudhry The Price of Wealth: Economies and Institutions in the Middle East p. 117  ↑   Ulrike Freitag Indian Ocean Migrants and State Formation in Hadhramaut: Reform  ↑   Don Peretz The Middle East Today p. 490  ↑   The Middle East Today By Don Peretz p. 491  ↑   Human Rights Human Wrongs By M. S. Gill p. 48  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  F. Gregory Gause (1990). (https://books.google.com/books?id=0yUzV-g2X2QC) Saudi-Yemeni Relations: Domestic Structures and Foreign Influence  . Columbia University Press. p. 60. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-07044-7) (Special:BookSources/978-0-231-07044-7) 978-0-231-07044-7  . Retrieved 22 February 2013 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Saudi-Yemeni+Relations%3A+Domestic+Structures+and+Foreign+Influence&rft.pages=60&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-231-07044-7&rft.au=F.+Gregory+Gause&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0yUzV-g2X2QC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   Burrowes, Robert, Wenner, Manfred W. (https://www.britannica.com/place/Yemen) "Yemen" ; (https://web.archive.org/web/20200510051432/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/652831/Yemen/45258/Agriculture-forestry-and-fishingAgriculture,forestry,) Archived 10 May 2020 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)  . Encyclopedia Britannica , 2 April 2025. Accessed 3 April 2025  ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Dresch, Paul (2000). (https://books.google.com/books?id=7jxR2q-F3o4C&pg=PA115) A History of Modern Yemen  . Cambridge University Press. p. 115. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-79482-4) (Special:BookSources/978-0-521-79482-4) 978-0-521-79482-4  . Retrieved 22 February 2013 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Modern+Yemen&rft.pages=115&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-521-79482-4&rft.aulast=Dresch&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7jxR2q-F3o4C%26pg%3DPA115&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    1  2   The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. "Yemeni Civil War". Encyclopedia Britannica , 18 January 2024, (https://www.britannica.com/event/Yemeni-Civil-War) https://www.britannica.com/event/Yemeni-Civil-War (https://web.archive.org/web/20250827065259/https://www.britannica.com/event/Yemeni-Civil-War) Archived 27 August 2025 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)  . Accessed 3 April 2025  ↑   Schmitthoff, Clive Macmillan, Clive M. Schmitthoff's select essays on international trade law , p. 390  1  2  3  4  5  6   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-14704951) "Yemen profile (timeline)" . BBC News. 26 October 2013. (https://web.archive.org/web/20180115164559/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-14704951) Archived from the original on 15 January 2018. Retrieved 14 December 2013 . 1978 – Ali Abdullah Saleh named as president of YAR.  (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yemen+profile+%28timeline%29&rft.pub=BBC+News&rft.date=2013-10-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld-middle-east-14704951&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Dresch, Paul (2000). A History of Modern Yemen . Cambridge University Press. pp. 120– 124. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Modern+Yemen&rft.pages=120-124&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Dresch&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Nohlen, Dieter; Grotz, Florian; Hartmann, Christof, eds. (2001). (https://books.google.com/books?id=BVFBXa69tWMC&pg=PA309) Elections in Asia: A data handbook, Volume I  . Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 309– 310. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-924958-9) (Special:BookSources/978-0-19-924958-9) 978-0-19-924958-9  . (https://web.archive.org/web/20230215135117/https://books.google.com/books?id=BVFBXa69tWMC&pg=PA309) Archived from the original on 15 February 2023. Retrieved 7 April 2011 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=the+Guardian&rft.atitle=Yemen%27s+Ali+Abdullah+Saleh+resigns+%E2%80%93+but+it+changes+little+%7C+Brian+Whitaker&rft.date=2011-11-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcommentisfree%2F2011%2Fnov%2F24%2Fyemen-ali-abdullah-saleh-resigns&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    1  2   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Lewis, Alexandra (May 2012). (http://www.york.ac.uk/media/politics/prdu/documents/publications/PRDU%20Working%20Paper%203%20May%5B1%5D.pdf) "Changing Seasons: The Arab Spring's Position Within the Political Evolution of the Yemeni State" (PDF) . Post-war Reconstruction and Development Unit Working Paper Series . 3. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Post-war+Reconstruction+and+Development+Unit+Working+Paper+Series&rft.atitle=Changing+Seasons%3A+The+Arab+Spring%27s+Position+Within+the+Political+Evolution+of+the+Yemeni+State&rft.date=2012-05&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Alexandra&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.york.ac.uk%2Fmedia%2Fpolitics%2Fprdu%2Fdocuments%2Fpublications%2FPRDU%2520Working%2520Paper%25203%2520May%255B1%255D.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)  (./Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links)  (./Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_December_2013)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot) (Wikipedia:Link rot) (Dead link tagged December 2013) dead link   ]     ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Ghosh, Bobby (17 September 2012). (https://web.archive.org/web/20120906231921/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,2123810,00.html) "The End of Al-Qaeda?" . Time . New York. 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Policy&rft.atitle=Whose+Side+Is+Yemen+On%3F&rft.date=2012-08-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforeignpolicy.com%2Farticles%2F2012%2F08%2F29%2Fwhose_side_is_yemen_on%3Fpage%3D0%2C1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.voanews.com/a/fighting-continues-in-yemen-before-un-peace-deal/2457211.html) "Yemeni Parties, Houthi Rebels Form Unity Government" . Voice of America. 21 September 2014. (https://web.archive.org/web/20150109021322/http://www.voanews.com/content/fighting-continues-in-yemen-before-un-peace-deal/2457211.html) Archived from the original on 9 January 2015. Retrieved 22 January 2015 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Yemeni+Parties%2C+Houthi+Rebels+Form+Unity+Government&rft.date=2014-09-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.voanews.com%2Fa%2Ffighting-continues-in-yemen-before-un-peace-deal%2F2457211.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20150123053739/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/11/09/yemen-government-crisis_n_6128974.html) "Yemen Swears In New Government Amid Crisis" . The Huffington Post. 9 November 2014. Archived from (http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/11/09/yemen-government-crisis_n_6128974.html) the original on 23 January 2015. Retrieved 22 January 2015 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Yemen+Swears+In+New+Government+Amid+Crisis&rft.date=2014-11-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2F2014%2F11%2F09%2Fyemen-government-crisis_n_6128974.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20150123052802/http://www.newsday.com/news/nation/yemen-president-abed-rabbo-mansour-hadi-s-home-shelled-by-shiite-rebels-palace-taken-over-1.9826611) "Shiite rebels shell Yemen president's home, take over palace" . Newsday. 20 January 2015. Archived from (http://www.newsday.com/news/nation/yemen-president-abed-rabbo-mansour-hadi-s-home-shelled-by-shiite-rebels-palace-taken-over-1.9826611) the original on 23 January 2015. Retrieved 22 January 2015 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Shiite+rebels+shell+Yemen+president%27s+home%2C+take+over+palace&rft.date=2015-01-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsday.com%2Fnews%2Fnation%2Fyemen-president-abed-rabbo-mansour-hadi-s-home-shelled-by-shiite-rebels-palace-taken-over-1.9826611&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2015/01/20/whats-happening-in-yemens-potential-coup/) "Here is what's happening in Yemen" . The Washington Post. 22 January 2015. (https://web.archive.org/web/20150122151313/http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2015/01/20/whats-happening-in-yemens-potential-coup/) Archived from the original on 22 January 2015. Retrieved 22 January 2015 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Here+is+what%27s+happening+in+Yemen&rft.date=2015-01-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fblogs%2Fworldviews%2Fwp%2F2015%2F01%2F20%2Fwhats-happening-in-yemens-potential-coup%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Rohan, Brian (22 February 2015). (https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2015/02/22/hadi-once-quiet-leader-of-yemen-strikes-newly-defiant-pose) "Hadi, a once-quiet leader of a fractious Yemen, strikes defiant pose by reclaiming presidency" . U.S. News & World Report . (https://web.archive.org/web/20150222225056/http://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2015/02/22/hadi-once-quiet-leader-of-yemen-strikes-newly-defiant-pose) Archived from the original on 22 February 2015. Retrieved 22 February 2015 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=U.S.+News+%26+World+Report&rft.atitle=Hadi%2C+a+once-quiet+leader+of+a+fractious+Yemen%2C+strikes+defiant+pose+by+reclaiming+presidency&rft.date=2015-02-22&rft.aulast=Rohan&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usnews.com%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Farticles%2F2015%2F02%2F22%2Fhadi-once-quiet-leader-of-yemen-strikes-newly-defiant-pose&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://www.dw.de/yemens-president-hadi-declares-new-temporary-capital/a-18332197) "Yemen's President Hadi declares new 'temporary capital' " . Deutsche Welle. 21 March 2015. (https://web.archive.org/web/20150605210805/http://www.dw.de/yemens-president-hadi-declares-new-temporary-capital/a-18332197) Archived from the original on 5 June 2015. Retrieved 21 March 2015 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Yemen%27s+President+Hadi+declares+new+%27temporary+capital%27&rft.date=2015-03-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.de%2Fyemens-president-hadi-declares-new-temporary-capital%2Fa-18332197&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2015/03/07/President-Hadi-says-Aden-is-Yemen-s-capital-.html) "President Hadi says Aden is Yemen's 'capital' " . Al Arabiya. 7 March 2015. (https://web.archive.org/web/20150309113248/http://english.alarabiya.net/en/News/middle-east/2015/03/07/President-Hadi-says-Aden-is-Yemen-s-capital-.html) Archived from the original on 9 March 2015. Retrieved 11 March 2015 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=President+Hadi+says+Aden+is+Yemen%27s+%27capital%27&rft.date=2015-03-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.alarabiya.net%2Fen%2FNews%2Fmiddle-east%2F2015%2F03%2F07%2FPresident-Hadi-says-Aden-is-Yemen-s-capital-.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://web.archive.org/web/20180202160535/http://time.com/5124508/yemen-separatists-storm-government/) "Yemen's Prime Minister Is Preparing to Flee as Separatists Reach Gates of the Presidential Palace" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_(magazine)) (Time (magazine)) Time  . 30 January 2018. Archived from (http://time.com/5124508/yemen-separatists-storm-government/) the original on 2 February 2018. Retrieved 25 January 2019 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Yemen%27s+Prime+Minister+Is+Preparing+to+Flee+as+Separatists+Reach+Gates+of+the+Presidential+Palace&rft.date=2018-01-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F5124508%2Fyemen-separatists-storm-government%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Patrick Wintour (16 November 2017). (https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/nov/16/lift-yemen-blockade-to-save-children-un-agencies-tell-saudis) "Saudis must lift Yemen blockade or "untold" thousands will die, UN agencies warn" . The Guardian . (https://web.archive.org/web/20171223122733/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/nov/16/lift-yemen-blockade-to-save-children-un-agencies-tell-saudis) Archived from the original on 23 December 2017. Retrieved 10 June 2018 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Saudis+must+lift+Yemen+blockade+or+%22untold%22+thousands+will+die%2C+UN+agencies+warn&rft.date=2017-11-16&rft.au=Patrick+Wintour&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2017%2Fnov%2F16%2Flift-yemen-blockade-to-save-children-un-agencies-tell-saudis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/ct-save-the-children-yemen-20171116-story.html) "50,000 children in Yemen have died of starvation and disease so far this year, monitoring group says" . Chicago Tribune . Associated Press. 16 November 2017. (https://web.archive.org/web/20181101121003/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/ct-save-the-children-yemen-20171116-story.html) Archived from the original on 1 November 2018. Retrieved 10 June 2018 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=50%2C000+children+in+Yemen+have+died+of+starvation+and+disease+so+far+this+year%2C+monitoring+group+says&rft.date=2017-11-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2Fnews%2Fnationworld%2Fct-save-the-children-yemen-20171116-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Kentish, Benjamin (9 October 2016). (Paid subscription required) (https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/yemen-air-strike-bomb-kills-140-saudi-arabia-usa-white-house-a7352386.html) "Saudi-led coalition in Yemen accused of "genocide" after airstrike on funeral hall kills 140"  . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Independent) (The Independent) The Independent  . (https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220507/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/yemen-air-strike-bomb-kills-140-saudi-arabia-usa-white-house-a7352386.html) Archived from the original on 7 May 2022. Retrieved 6 August 2020 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Saudi-led+coalition+in+Yemen+accused+of+%22genocide%22+after+airstrike+on+funeral+hall+kills+140&rft.date=2016-10-09&rft.aulast=Kentish&rft.aufirst=Benjamin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fmiddle-east%2Fyemen-air-strike-bomb-kills-140-saudi-arabia-usa-white-house-a7352386.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)     ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Bachman, Jeff (26 November 2018). (https://theconversation.com/us-complicity-in-the-saudi-led-genocide-in-yemen-spans-obama-trump-administrations-106896) "US complicity in the Saudi-led genocide in Yemen spans Obama, Trump administrations" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Conversation_(website)) (The Conversation (website)) The Conversation  . (https://web.archive.org/web/20200113152455/https://theconversation.com/us-complicity-in-the-saudi-led-genocide-in-yemen-spans-obama-trump-administrations-106896) Archived from the original on 13 January 2020. Retrieved 13 January 2020 . As a scholar of genocide and human rights, I believe the destruction brought about by these attacks combined with the blockade amounts to genocide.  (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Conversation&rft.atitle=US+complicity+in+the+Saudi-led+genocide+in+Yemen+spans+Obama%2C+Trump+administrations&rft.date=2018-11-26&rft.aulast=Bachman&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheconversation.com%2Fus-complicity-in-the-saudi-led-genocide-in-yemen-spans-obama-trump-administrations-106896&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Taves, Harold (23 February 2019). (https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331306103) Genocide in Yemen-Is the West Complicit? (Essay). Is there a genocide in Yemen? Based on the definition of genocide: The deliberate killing of a large group of people, especially those of a particular ethnic group or nation. The answer is an unequivocal YES.  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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Suspected+cholera+cases+in+Yemen+surpass+one+million%2C+reports+UN+health+agency&rft.pub=UN&rft.date=2017-12-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.un.org%2Fen%2Fstory%2F2017%2F12%2F640331-suspected-cholera-cases-yemen-surpass-one-million-reports-un-health-agency&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Kristof, Nicholas (31 August 2017). (https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/08/31/opinion/columnists/yemen-famine-cholera.html) "The Photos the U.S. and Saudi Arabia Don't Want You to See" . (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_York_Times) (The New York Times) The New York Times  . (https://web.archive.org/web/20190517015710/https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/08/31/opinion/columnists/yemen-famine-cholera.html) Archived from the original on 17 May 2019. Retrieved 10 June 2018 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Photos+the+U.S.+and+Saudi+Arabia+Don%27t+Want+You+to+See&rft.date=2017-08-31&rft.aulast=Kristof&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Finteractive%2F2017%2F08%2F31%2Fopinion%2Fcolumnists%2Fyemen-famine-cholera.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/yemen-saudi-blockade/) "Saudi de facto blockade starves Yemen of food and medicine" . Reuters . 11 October 2017. (https://web.archive.org/web/20171011101505/http://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/yemen-saudi-blockade/) Archived from the original on 11 October 2017. Retrieved 10 June 2018 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Saudi+de+facto+blockade+starves+Yemen+of+food+and+medicine&rft.date=2017-10-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Finvestigates%2Fspecial-report%2Fyemen-saudi-blockade%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20211123-yemen-war-will-have-killed-377-000-by-year-s-end-un) "Yemen war will have killed 377,000 by year's end: UN" . France 24 . 23 November 2021. (https://web.archive.org/web/20211209140921/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20211123-yemen-war-will-have-killed-377-000-by-year-s-end-un) Archived from the original on 9 December 2021. Retrieved 30 May 2022 . 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The insurgents, who are backed by Iran, say they are acting in solidarity with Palestinians. They have threatened to attack any ship bound for or leaving Israel without delivering humanitarian aid to Gaza.  (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Who+are+the+Houthis%2C+the+group+attacking+ships+in+the+Red+Sea%3F&rft.date=2023-12-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fthe-economist-explains%2F2023%2F12%2F12%2Fwho-are-the-houthis-the-group-attacking-ships-in-the-red-sea&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.yemenmonitor.com/en/Details/ArtMID/908/ArticleID/115123) "UAE's Return to Aden Port Sparks Anger among Yemeni Officials" . 21 June 2024. 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(July 1978). "Were There Forests in the Yemen?". Proceedings of the Seminar for Arabian Studies . 9 (1979): 65– 71. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)) (JSTOR (identifier)) JSTOR  (https://www.jstor.org/stable/41223217) 41223217 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Seminar+for+Arabian+Studies&rft.atitle=Were+There+Forests+in+the+Yemen%3F&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1979&rft.pages=65-71&rft.date=1978-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41223217%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Hepper&rft.aufirst=F.N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Spalton, J. A.; Al Hikmani, H. M. (2006). (http://www.yemenileopard.org/files/cms/reports/Cat_News_Special_Issue_1_-_Arabian_leopard.pdf) "The Leopard in the Arabian Peninsula – Distribution and Subspecies Status" (PDF) . Cat News (Special Issue 1): 4– 8. (https://web.archive.org/web/20201216011835/http://www.yemenileopard.org/files/cms/reports/Cat_News_Special_Issue_1_-_Arabian_leopard.pdf) Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 December 2020. Retrieved 18 April 2019 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Cat+News&rft.atitle=The+Leopard+in+the+Arabian+Peninsula+%E2%80%93+Distribution+and+Subspecies+Status&rft.issue=Special+Issue+1&rft.pages=4-8&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Spalton&rft.aufirst=J.+A.&rft.au=Al+Hikmani%2C+H.+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yemenileopard.org%2Ffiles%2Fcms%2Freports%2FCat_News_Special_Issue_1_-_Arabian_leopard.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://reliefweb.int/report/yemen/yemens-imposed-federal-boundaries) "Yemen's Imposed Federal Boundaries" . 21 July 2015. In its Agreement on a Just Solution, the working group, which included one Houthi delegate, unanimously affirmed that the Republic of Yemen—a unitary state with 21 governorates—should become a federal entity. This agreement was never revisited or approved by the NDC's 565-member plenary, but simply accepted as a fait accompli.  (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yemen%27s+Imposed+Federal+Boundaries&rft.date=2015-07-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freliefweb.int%2Freport%2Fyemen%2Fyemens-imposed-federal-boundaries&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Al-Akhali, Rafat. "The Challenge of Federalism in Yemen" (Document). RAFIK HARIRI CENTER FOR THE MIDDLE EAST. p. 1. After months of intensive negotiations, the Southern Issue working group reached an agreement in December 2013 to transform Yemen from a unitary state to a federal state  (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Challenge+of+Federalism+in+Yemen&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=RAFIK+HARIRI+CENTER+FOR+THE+MIDDLE+EAST&rft.aulast=Al-Akhali&rft.aufirst=Rafat&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Moosa Elayah; Ahmed Almaweri; Bakeel Alzandani (14 July 2025). (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/dpr.70024) "Navigating post-conflict governance in Yemen: Decentralization, federalism, and the path to stability" . Wiley (Online Library). In operational terms, a phased governance model in Yemen could begin by enhancing the capacity of local councils under the current unitary framework.  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Form of government: Semi-presidential republic (currently in transition)  (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yemen&rft.pub=Institute+of+Studies+for+Politics+and+Democracy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fispd.org.cy%2Fyemen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   Article 74 of the Constitution of the Republic of Yemen: "The House of Representatives has the right to withdraw confidence from the Government. Withdrawal of confidence may be requested only after interpellating the Prime Minister or his representative. A request for withdrawing confidence has to be signed by a third of the members of the House and the House may not decide on this request before the elapsing of at least seven days after its submission. 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(https://web.archive.org/web/20250825020600/https://www.idea.int/democracytracker/gsod-indices) Archived from the original on 25 August 2025. Retrieved 29 September 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.idea.int&rft.atitle=Global+State+of+Democracy+Indices+%7C+The+Global+State+of+Democracy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.idea.int%2Fdemocracytracker%2Fgsod-indices&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)    ↑   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  (https://www.idea.int/democracytracker/) "Home | The Global State of Democracy" . www.idea.int . (https://web.archive.org/web/20250908102653/https://www.idea.int/democracytracker/) Archived from the original on 8 September 2025. Retrieved 29 September 2025 . 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(ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Yemenis+open+up+about+the+Gulf+Cup&rft.pub=Yemen+Today&rft.date=2011-01-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.yemen-today.com%2Fgo%2Fspecial_reports%2F8199.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)        Sources  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Arbach, Mounir; Rossi, Irene (2022). The city-states of the Jawf at the dawn of Ancient South Arabian history (8th–6th centuries BCE) . L'Erma Di Bretschneider. (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+city-states+of+the+Jawf+at+the+dawn+of+Ancient+South+Arabian+history+%288th%E2%80%936th+centuries+BCE%29&rft.pub=L%27Erma+Di+Bretschneider&rft.date=2022&rft.aulast=Arbach&rft.aufirst=Mounir&rft.au=Rossi%2C+Irene&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333433106)  Bloom, Jonathan M.; Blair, Sheila (2009). (https://books.google.com/books?id=un4WcfEASZwC) The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art & Architecture  . Oxford University Press. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)) (ISBN (identifier)) ISBN  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-530991-1) (Special:BookSources/978-0-19-530991-1) 978-0-19-530991-1  . (https://web.archive.org/web/20250427044455/https://books.google.com/books?id=un4WcfEASZwC) Archived from the original on 27 April 2025. Retrieved 16 March 2025 . (ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Grove+Encyclopedia+of+Islamic+Art+%26+Architecture&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-19-530991-1&rft.aulast=Bloom&rft.aufirst=Jonathan+M.&rft.au=Blair%2C+Sheila&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dun4WcfEASZwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AYemen)     External links   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:The_Wikipedia_Library) (Wikipedia:The Wikipedia Library) Library resources about  Yemen   (https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Yemen) Resources in your library  (https://ftl.toolforge.org/cgi-bin/ftl?st=wp&su=Yemen&library=0CHOOSE0) Resources in other libraries      (https://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=YE) Key Development Forecasts for Yemen from (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Futures) (International Futures) International Futures   Government  (https://yemen-nic.info) National Information Center (https://web.archive.org/web/20201025200719/https://yemen-nic.info/) Archived 25 October 2020 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)  – Official Yemen Information Portal (https://presidentalalimi.net/en) Presidential Leadership Council (https://web.archive.org/web/20250829062156/https://presidentalalimi.net/en/) Archived 29 August 2025 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)  – official website of the president of Yemen (https://pmo-ye.net/) Prime Minister – official website of the prime minister of Yemen (https://shoora.gov.ye) Shura Council (./Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links)  (./Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_February_2026)  [ (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot) (Wikipedia:Link rot) (Dead link tagged February 2026) dead link   ]   – official website of the Yemeni Shura Council (https://yemenparliament.gov.ye/) House of Representatives – official website of the Yemeni House of Representatives (https://cso-ye.org/en/) Statistics (https://web.archive.org/web/20250901180409/https://cso-ye.org/en/) Archived 1 September 2025 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)  – official website of Central Statistical Organization   History  (https://yemen-nic.info/yemen/history/) "History" (https://web.archive.org/web/20250905182537/http://www.yemen-nic.info/yemen/history/) Archived 5 September 2025 at the  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayback_Machine) (Wayback Machine) Wayback Machine (./Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links)  – Yemeni History at National Information Center   Tourism  (https://www.yementourism.com/explore-yemen) Explore Yemen – Yemen's official tourism portal   Maps  ()     (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas%20of%20Yemen) (commons:Atlas of Yemen) Wikimedia Atlas of Yemen  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Openstreetmap_logo.svg) (icon)    Geographic data related to  (https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/305092) Yemen at  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenStreetMap) (OpenStreetMap) OpenStreetMap   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488)    (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Yemen_topics) (Template:Yemen topics) (View this template) v   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Yemen_topics) (Template talk:Yemen topics) (Discuss this template) t   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Yemen_topics) (Special:EditPage/Template:Yemen topics) (Edit this template) e     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen) Yemen  articles   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Yemen) (History of Yemen) History   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Yemeni_history) (Timeline of Yemeni history) Timeline  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_history_of_Yemen) (Islamic history of Yemen) Islamic history      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_history_of_Yemen) (Ancient history of Yemen) Ancient history  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Awsan) (Awsan) Awsan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheba) (Sheba) Sheba (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabean_colonization_of_Africa) (Sabean colonization of Africa) Africa    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hadhramaut) (Kingdom of Hadhramaut) Hadhramaut  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qataban) (Qataban) Qataban  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma'in) (Ma'in) Ma'in  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Himyar) (Himyar) Himyar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_history_of_Yemen#Kingdom_of_Aksum_(520_–_570_CE)) (Ancient history of Yemen) Axumite  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sasanian_Yemen) (Sasanian Yemen) Sasanian      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_history_of_Yemen) (Modern history of Yemen) Modern  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Yemen) (Kingdom of Yemen) Kingdom (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi–Yemeni_war_(1934)) (Saudi–Yemeni war (1934)) Saudi–Yemeni War  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alwaziri_coup) (Alwaziri coup) Alwaziri coup    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen_Arab_Republic) (Yemen Arab Republic) Arab Republic (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Yemen_civil_war) (North Yemen civil war) 26 September Revolution    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Yemen) (South Yemen) People's Democratic Republic (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aden_Emergency) (Aden Emergency) 14 October Revolution  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Yemen_civil_war) (South Yemen civil war) South Yemen civil war    Yemenite Wars (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemenite_War_of_1972) (Yemenite War of 1972) 1972  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemenite_War_of_1979) (Yemenite War of 1979) 1979    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemeni_unification) (Yemeni unification) Unification  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemeni_civil_war_(1994)) (Yemeni civil war (1994)) 1994 Civil War  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houthi_insurgency) (Houthi insurgency) Sa'dah Wars  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemeni_crisis) (Yemeni crisis) Crisis (2011–present) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemeni_revolution) (Yemeni revolution) Revolution  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemeni_civil_war_(2014–present)) (Yemeni civil war (2014–present)) Ongoing civil war (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabian–led_intervention_in_Yemen) (Saudi Arabian–led intervention in Yemen) Saudi–led intervention  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blockade_of_Yemen) (Blockade of Yemen) blockade  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houthi_takeover_in_Yemen) (Houthi takeover in Yemen) Takeover  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_Houthi_takeover_in_Yemen) (Aftermath of the Houthi takeover in Yemen) Aftermath  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Famine_in_Yemen_(2016–present)) (Famine in Yemen (2016–present)) Famine  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2016–2022_Yemen_cholera_outbreak) (2016–2022 Yemen cholera outbreak) cholera outbreak    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Sea_crisis) (Red Sea crisis) Red Sea crisis    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Yemen) (COVID-19 pandemic in Yemen) COVID-19           (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Yemen) (Geography of Yemen) Geography   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Borders_of_Yemen) (Template:Borders of Yemen) Borders  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_in_Yemen) (List of cities in Yemen) Cities  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_districts_of_Yemen) (List of districts of Yemen) Districts  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governorates_of_Yemen) (Governorates of Yemen) Governorates  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Yemen) (List of islands of Yemen) Islands  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_protected_areas_of_Yemen) (List of protected areas of Yemen) National parks  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Rivers_of_Yemen) (Category:Rivers of Yemen) Rivers           (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_Yemen) (Politics of Yemen) Politics   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Yemen)) (House of Representatives (Yemen)) House of Representatives  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabinet_of_Yemen) (Cabinet of Yemen) Cabinet  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Yemen) (Constitution of Yemen) Constitution  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elections_in_Yemen) (Elections in Yemen) Elections  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Yemen) (Foreign relations of Yemen) Foreign relations  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights_in_Yemen) (Human rights in Yemen) Human rights (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_Yemen) (LGBT rights in Yemen) LGBT rights    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Yemen) (Law enforcement in Yemen) Law enforcement  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_parties_in_Yemen) (Political parties in Yemen) Political parties  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_Yemen) (President of Yemen) President  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vice_President_of_Yemen) (Vice President of Yemen) Vice President  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Yemen) (Prime Minister of Yemen) Prime Minister      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_of_Yemen) (Military of Yemen) Military  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republican_Guard_(Yemen)) (Republican Guard (Yemen)) Republican Guard  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemeni_Navy) (Yemeni Navy) Navy  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemeni_Air_Force) (Yemeni Air Force) Air Force  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen_Coast_Guard) (Yemen Coast Guard) Coast Guard           (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Yemen) (Economy of Yemen) Economy   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_in_Yemen) (Energy in Yemen) Energy  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemeni_rial) (Yemeni rial) Rial (currency)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining_industry_of_Yemen) (Mining industry of Yemen) Mining  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Yemen) (Telecommunications in Yemen) Telecommunications  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourism_in_Yemen) (Tourism in Yemen) Tourism  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_in_Yemen) (Transport in Yemen) Transport  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khat) (Khat) Khat           (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Society_of_Yemen) (Category:Society of Yemen) Society   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_Yemen) (Demographics of Yemen) Demographics  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tribes_of_Yemen) (Tribes of Yemen) Tribes  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_Yemen) (Education in Yemen) Education  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_in_Yemen) (Health in Yemen) Health  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Yemen) (Languages of Yemen) Languages  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_Yemen) (Religion in Yemen) Religion  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Yemen) (Water supply and sanitation in Yemen) Water supply and sanitation      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Culture_of_Yemen) (Culture of Yemen) Culture  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_anthem_of_Yemen) (National anthem of Yemen) Anthem  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinema_of_Yemen) (Cinema of Yemen) Cinema  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emblem_of_Yemen) (Emblem of Yemen) Coat of arms  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemeni_cuisine) (Yemeni cuisine) Cuisine  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_Yemen) (Flag of Yemen) Flag  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_media_in_Yemen) (Mass media in Yemen) Media  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Yemen) (List of museums in Yemen) Museums  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music_of_Yemen) (Music of Yemen) Music  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Yemen) (Public holidays in Yemen) Public holidays  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_in_Yemen) (Sport in Yemen) Sport           (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_Yemen) (Outline of Yemen) Outline     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Yemen) (Category:Yemen) Category         (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1364279517)    Related articles   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1364279517)    (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Middle_East) (Template:Middle East) (View this template) v   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Middle_East) (Template talk:Middle East) (Discuss this template) t   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Middle_East) (Special:EditPage/Template:Middle East) (Edit this template) e     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_East) (Middle East) Middle East    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Middle_Eastern_countries_by_population) (List of Middle Eastern countries by population) Countries  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahrain) (Bahrain) Bahrain  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus) (Cyprus) Cyprus  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt) (Egypt) Egypt  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran) (Iran) Iran  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq) (Iraq) Iraq (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurdistan_Region) (Kurdistan Region) Iraqi Kurdistan    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel) (Israel) Israel  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan) (Jordan) Jordan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuwait) (Kuwait) Kuwait  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon) (Lebanon) Lebanon  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Cyprus) (Northern Cyprus) Northern Cyprus   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman) (Oman) Oman  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestine) (Palestine) Palestine (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaza_Strip) (Gaza Strip) Gaza Strip  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bank) (West Bank) West Bank    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qatar) (Qatar) Qatar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia) (Saudi Arabia) Saudi Arabia  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria) (Syria) Syria (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomous_Administration_of_North_and_East_Syria) (Autonomous Administration of North and East Syria) Rojava  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_occupation_of_northern_Syria) (Turkish occupation of northern Syria) Turkish occupation of northern Syria    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey) (Turkey) Turkey  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates) (United Arab Emirates) United Arab Emirates  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen) Yemen      Society (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change_in_the_Middle_East_and_North_Africa) (Climate change in the Middle East and North Africa) Climate change  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democracy_in_the_Middle_East_and_North_Africa) (Democracy in the Middle East and North Africa) Democracy  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_Middle_East) (Economy of the Middle East) Economy (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_in_the_Middle_East) (Energy in the Middle East) Energy    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Middle_East) (History of the Middle East) History (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_Middle_Eastern_history) (Timeline of Middle Eastern history) Timeline  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_modern_conflicts_in_the_Middle_East) (List of modern conflicts in the Middle East) Modern conflicts    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_rights_in_the_Middle_East) (Human rights in the Middle East) Human rights  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_politics_in_the_Middle_East) (Water politics in the Middle East) Water politics (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_conflict_in_the_Middle_East_and_North_Africa) (Water conflict in the Middle East and North Africa) conflict        (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Middle_East) (Demographics of the Middle East) Demographics  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_the_Middle_East) (Ethnic groups in the Middle East) Ethnic groups  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_history_of_the_Middle_East) (Genetic history of the Middle East) Genetics  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_largest_metropolitan_areas_of_the_Middle_East) (List of largest metropolitan areas of the Middle East) Metropolitan areas  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religion_in_the_Middle_East) (Religion in the Middle East) Religion (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irreligion_in_the_Middle_East) (Irreligion in the Middle East) Irreligion        Culture (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near_Eastern_archaeology) (Near Eastern archaeology) Archaeology  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinema_of_the_Middle_East) (Cinema of the Middle East) Cinema  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Eastern_cuisine) (Middle Eastern cuisine) Cuisine  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etiquette_in_the_Middle_East) (Etiquette in the Middle East) Etiquette  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Eastern_music) (Middle Eastern music) Music (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Eastern_dance) (Middle Eastern dance) Dance    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Eastern_studies) (Middle Eastern studies) Studies      Related terms (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Mediterranean) (Eastern Mediterranean) Eastern Mediterranean  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fertile_Crescent) (Fertile Crescent) Fertile Crescent  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_Middle_East) (Greater Middle East) Greater Middle East  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levant) (Levant) Levant  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mashriq) (Mashriq) Mashriq  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_East_and_North_Africa) (Middle East and North Africa) Middle East and North Africa  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near_East) (Near East) Near East  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria_(region)) (Syria (region)) Syria (region)  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(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia) (Indonesia) Indonesia 1  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran) (Iran) Iran  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq) (Iraq) Iraq  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel) (Israel) Israel  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan) (Japan) Japan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan) (Jordan) Jordan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan) (Kazakhstan) Kazakhstan 1  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea) (North Korea) North Korea  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Korea) (South Korea) South Korea  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuwait) (Kuwait) Kuwait  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrgyzstan) (Kyrgyzstan) Kyrgyzstan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laos) (Laos) Laos  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon) (Lebanon) Lebanon  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia) (Malaysia) Malaysia  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maldives) (Maldives) Maldives  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolia) (Mongolia) Mongolia  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myanmar) (Myanmar) Myanmar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepal) (Nepal) Nepal  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman) (Oman) Oman  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan) (Pakistan) Pakistan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestine) (Palestine) Palestine  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines) (Philippines) Philippines  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qatar) (Qatar) Qatar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia) (Russia) Russia 1  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia) (Saudi Arabia) Saudi Arabia  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore) (Singapore) Singapore  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sri_Lanka) (Sri Lanka) Sri Lanka  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria) (Syria) Syria  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajikistan) (Tajikistan) Tajikistan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailand) (Thailand) Thailand  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey) (Turkey) Turkey 1  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan) (Turkmenistan) Turkmenistan  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(Keeling) Islands      United Kingdom (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akrotiri_and_Dhekelia) (Akrotiri and Dhekelia) Akrotiri and Dhekelia 2 (Sovereign Base Areas) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory) (British Indian Ocean Territory) British Indian Ocean Territory           (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_administrative_regions_of_China) (Special administrative regions of China) Special administrative regions of China   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong) (Hong Kong) Hong Kong  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macau) (Macau) Macau      1 Spans the conventional boundary between Asia and another continent. 2 Considered European for cultural, political and historical reasons but is geographically in West Asia.  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(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madagascar) (Madagascar) Madagascar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius) (Mauritius) Mauritius  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique) (Mozambique) Mozambique  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seychelles) (Seychelles) Seychelles  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somalia) (Somalia) Somalia  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somaliland) (Somaliland) Somaliland   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa) (South Africa) South Africa  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudan) (Sudan) Sudan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzania) (Tanzania) Tanzania     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Indian_Ocean.svg) (Map of the Indian Ocean) (Map of the Indian Ocean)       Asia (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahrain) (Bahrain) Bahrain  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh) (Bangladesh) Bangladesh  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory) (British Indian Ocean Territory) British Indian Ocean Territory  (United Kingdom)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmas_Island) (Christmas Island) Christmas Island  (Australia)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocos_(Keeling)_Islands) (Cocos (Keeling) Islands) Cocos (Keeling) Islands  (Australia)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India) (India) India  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia) (Indonesia) Indonesia  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran) (Iran) Iran  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq) (Iraq) Iraq  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel) (Israel) Israel  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan) (Jordan) Jordan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuwait) (Kuwait) Kuwait  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia) (Malaysia) Malaysia  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maldives) (Maldives) Maldives  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myanmar) (Myanmar) Myanmar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman) (Oman) Oman  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan) (Pakistan) Pakistan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qatar) (Qatar) Qatar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia) 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(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Arab_League) (Category:Arab League) Arab League  (List-Class article) ()    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_the_Arab_League) (Lists of the Arab League) Lists      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics_of_the_Arab_League) (Politics of the Arab League) Politics  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charter_of_the_Arab_League) (Charter of the Arab League) Charter  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council_of_the_Arab_League) (Council of the Arab League) Council  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag_of_the_Arab_League) (Flag of the Arab League) Flag  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_the_Arab_world) (Geography of the Arab world) Geography  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headquarters_of_the_Arab_League) (Headquarters of the Arab League) Headquarters  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Arab_League) (History of the Arab League) History  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_of_the_Arab_League) (Military of the Arab League) Military  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Central_Command) (United States Central Command) United States Central Command ((https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_United_States_military_bases) (List of United States military bases) United States military bases ) Joint Defence Council (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Parliament) (Arab Parliament) Parliament  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Union) (Arab Union) Arab Union      Membership  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Member_states_of_the_Arab_League) (Member states of the Arab League) Members (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Arab_League_countries_by_population) (List of Arab League countries by population) by population      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algeria) (Algeria) Algeria  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahrain) (Bahrain) Bahrain  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comoros) (Comoros) Comoros  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djibouti) (Djibouti) Djibouti  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt) (Egypt) Egypt  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq) (Iraq) Iraq  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan) (Jordan) Jordan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuwait) (Kuwait) Kuwait  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon) (Lebanon) Lebanon  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libya) (Libya) Libya  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritania) (Mauritania) Mauritania  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morocco) (Morocco) Morocco  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman) (Oman) Oman  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestine) (Palestine) Palestine  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qatar) (Qatar) Qatar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia) (Saudi Arabia) Saudi Arabia  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somalia) (Somalia) Somalia  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudan) (Sudan) Sudan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria) (Syria) Syria  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunisia) (Tunisia) Tunisia  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates) (United Arab Emirates) United Arab Emirates  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen) Yemen      Observers (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armenia) (Armenia) Armenia  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazil) (Brazil) Brazil  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad) (Chad) Chad  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eritrea) (Eritrea) Eritrea  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greece) (Greece) Greece  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India) (India) India  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezuela) (Venezuela) Venezuela      Candidates (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Sudan) (South Sudan) South Sudan           Diplomacy (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_Peace_Initiative) (Arab Peace Initiative) Arab Peace Initiative  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_League_monitors_in_Syria) (Arab League monitors in Syria) Arab League monitors in Syria  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_League–European_Union_relations) (Arab League–European Union relations) Arab League–European Union relations  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Arab_League) (Foreign relations of the Arab League) Foreign relations      Life (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_the_Arab_League) (Demographics of the Arab League) Demographics  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_Arab_League) (Economy of the Arab League) Economy (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Arab_League_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)) (List of Arab League countries by GDP (nominal)) GDP  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_and_Social_Council_(Arab_League)) (Economic and Social Council (Arab League)) Economic and Social Council    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institutions_of_the_Arab_League) (Institutions of the Arab League) Institutions  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport_policies_of_the_Arab_League) (Sport policies of the Arab League) Sport      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-Arabism) (Pan-Arabism) Pan-Arabism  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_of_Arab_National_Olympic_Committees) (Union of Arab National Olympic Committees) Union of Arab National Olympic Committees (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan_Arab_Games) (Pan Arab Games) Pan Arab Games           (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1364279517)    (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation) (Template:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation) (View this template) v   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation) (Template talk:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation) (Discuss this template) t   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation) (Special:EditPage/Template:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation) (Edit this template) e     (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation) (Organisation of Islamic Cooperation) Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)   (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation) (Secretary-General of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation) Secretary-General of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation : (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hissein_Brahim_Taha) (Hissein Brahim Taha) Hissein Brahim Taha      (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Member_states_of_the_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation) (Member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation) Member states   Members (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan) (Afghanistan) Afghanistan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albania) (Albania) Albania  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algeria) (Algeria) Algeria  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azerbaijan) (Azerbaijan) Azerbaijan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahrain) (Bahrain) Bahrain  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh) (Bangladesh) Bangladesh  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benin) (Benin) Benin  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burkina_Faso) (Burkina Faso) Burkina Faso  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brunei) (Brunei) Brunei  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cameroon) (Cameroon) Cameroon  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chad) (Chad) Chad  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comoros) (Comoros) Comoros  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djibouti) (Djibouti) Djibouti  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt) (Egypt) Egypt  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabon) (Gabon) Gabon  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Gambia) (The Gambia) Gambia  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea) (Guinea) Guinea  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau) (Guinea-Bissau) Guinea-Bissau  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guyana) (Guyana) Guyana  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesia) (Indonesia) Indonesia  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran) (Iran) Iran  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraq) (Iraq) Iraq  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivory_Coast) (Ivory Coast) Ivory Coast  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordan) (Jordan) Jordan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakhstan) (Kazakhstan) Kazakhstan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuwait) (Kuwait) Kuwait  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyrgyzstan) (Kyrgyzstan) Kyrgyzstan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon) (Lebanon) Lebanon  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libya) (Libya) Libya  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia) (Malaysia) Malaysia  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maldives) (Maldives) Maldives  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mali) (Mali) Mali  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritania) (Mauritania) Mauritania  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morocco) (Morocco) Morocco  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique) (Mozambique) Mozambique  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niger) (Niger) Niger  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigeria) (Nigeria) Nigeria  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman) (Oman) Oman  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan) (Pakistan) Pakistan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palestine) (Palestine) Palestine  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qatar) (Qatar) Qatar  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saudi_Arabia) (Saudi Arabia) Saudi Arabia  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senegal) (Senegal) Senegal  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierra_Leone) (Sierra Leone) Sierra Leone  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somalia) (Somalia) Somalia  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudan) (Sudan) Sudan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suriname) (Suriname) Suriname  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria) (Syria) Syria  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajikistan) (Tajikistan) Tajikistan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Togo) (Togo) Togo  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunisia) (Tunisia) Tunisia  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkey) (Turkey) Turkey  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkmenistan) (Turkmenistan) Turkmenistan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda) (Uganda) Uganda  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uzbekistan) (Uzbekistan) Uzbekistan  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates) (United Arab Emirates) United Arab Emirates  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yemen) Yemen      Observers  Countries and territories  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina) (Bosnia and Herzegovina) Bosnia and Herzegovina  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_African_Republic) (Central African Republic) Central African Republic  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Cyprus) (Northern Cyprus) Northern Cyprus 1  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russia) (Russia) Russia  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailand) (Thailand) Thailand      Muslim communities  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moro_National_Liberation_Front) (Moro National Liberation Front) Moro National Liberation Front      International organizations  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_Cooperation_Organization) (Economic Cooperation Organization) Economic Cooperation Organization  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Union) (African Union) African Union  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_League) (Arab League) Arab League  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement) (Non-Aligned Movement) Non-Aligned Movement  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Nations) (United Nations) United Nations                History  Declarations (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abuja_Declaration_(1989)) (Abuja Declaration (1989)) Abuja Declaration (1989)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cairo_Declaration_on_Human_Rights_in_Islam) (Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam) Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam (1990) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OIC_Resolution_10/11) (OIC Resolution 10/11) OIC Resolution 10/11 (2008) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OIC_Council_of_Foreign_Ministers_Resolution_10/37) (OIC Council of Foreign Ministers Resolution 10/37) OIC Council of Foreign Ministers Resolution 10/37 (2010)          Sessions  Extraordinary (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference) (First Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference) First  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference) (Second Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference) Second  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference) (Third Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference) Third  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourth_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference) (Fourth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference) Fourth  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifth_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference) (Fifth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference) Fifth  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sixth_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference) (Sixth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference) Sixth  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seventh_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference) (Seventh Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference) Seventh  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eighth_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference) (Eighth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference) Eighth  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ninth_Extraordinary_Session_of_the_Islamic_Summit_Conference) (Ninth Extraordinary Session of the Islamic Summit Conference) Ninth  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Arab–Islamic_extraordinary_summit) (2023 Arab–Islamic extraordinary summit) Arab–Islamic (2023)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Arab–Islamic_extraordinary_summit?action=edit&redlink=1) (2024 Arab–Islamic extraordinary summit (page does not exist)) Arab–Islamic (2024)  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2025_Arab–Islamic_extraordinary_summit) (2025 Arab–Islamic extraordinary summit) Arab–Islamic (2025)           Demographics (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_the_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation) (Economy of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation) Economy (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation_member_states_by_GDP_(PPP)) (List of Organisation of Islamic Cooperation member states by GDP (PPP)) GDP  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation_member_states_by_GDP_per_capita_(PPP)) (List of Organisation of Islamic Cooperation member states by GDP per capita (PPP)) GDP per capita  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation_member_states_by_exports) (List of Organisation of Islamic Cooperation member states by exports) Exports  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation_member_states_by_imports) (List of Organisation of Islamic Cooperation member states by imports) Imports    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation_member_states_by_population) (List of Organisation of Islamic Cooperation member states by population) Population  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_largest_cities_in_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation_member_countries) (List of largest cities in Organisation of Islamic Cooperation member countries) Largest cities  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Education_in_the_member_states_of_the_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation) (Education in the member states of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation) Education      1 As the "Turkish Cypriot State".               Yemen at Wikipedia's (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects) (Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects) sister projects  : (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg) (Wikimedia Commons logo)    (https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/اليمن) (c:اليمن) Media  from Commons  ()    (https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Yemen) (q:Yemen) Quotations  from Wikiquote  (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg) (Wikivoyage logo)    (https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Yemen) (voy:Yemen) Travel guides  from Wikivoyage    (./Category:Pages_using_Sister_project_links_with_hidden_wikidata#voy)   (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1333133064)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1364279517)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319)  (mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319)    (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Authority_control) (Help:Authority control) Authority control databases (https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q805#identifiers) (Edit this at Wikidata) (Edit this at Wikidata)       International (https://isni.org/isni/0000000404023787) ISNI   (https://viaf.org/viaf/123663509) VIAF   (https://d-nb.info/gnd/4073009-8) GND   (https://id.worldcat.org/fast/1309629) FAST   (https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJdCmhRRMd7PThhXbKPCwC) WorldCat       National (https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n81053408) United States   (https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12340613s) France  (https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16197648c) 2   (https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11963045s) 3     (https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12340613s) BnF data  (https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb16197648c) 2   (https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11963045s) 3     (https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00563896) Japan   (Jemen) (https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge129443&CON_LNG=ENG) Czech Republic    (https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX455830) Spain   (https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007561890905171) Israel       Geographic (https://musicbrainz.org/area/e8e9ecdc-19d3-360b-8f1a-9c80e6c12830) MusicBrainz area       Artists (http://kulturnav.org/28290231-ae77-4a0a-b108-00bda93e2011) KulturNav       People (https://id.parliament.uk/zc9ACEOH) UK Parliament       Other (Yémen) (https://www.idref.fr/02763065X) IdRef   (Yémen) (https://www.idref.fr/032361718) 2      (https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/003413) Historical Dictionary of Switzerland   (https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10044503) NARA   (https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/yemen) İslâm Ansiklopedisi   (https://lux.collections.yale.edu/view/concept/b20c7406-978b-409e-84eb-42a8db2db2bd) Yale LUX          (./Category:Yemen#%20)  (./Category:Arabian_Peninsula)  (./Category:Countries_in_Asia)  (./Category:Countries_and_territories_where_Arabic_is_an_official_language)  (./Category:Member_states_of_the_Organisation_of_Islamic_Cooperation)  (./Category:Least_developed_countries)  (./Category:1990_establishments_in_Yemen)  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