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                    "\u2060Vietnam\u2019s government has proposed a further narrowing of its use of the death penalty, part of a broad overhaul of its Penal Code that could also see the authorities increase punishments for \u201canti-state\u201d acts.\nA draft revision of the Code presented to the National Assembly yesterday proposed removing the death penalty for an additional six offences, including drug trafficking, the rape of minors, crimes against humanity, and war crimes, state media reported.\nIf approved, the revision would leave the death penalty in place for just four crimes: \u00a0treason, murder, terrorism, and the illegal production of narcotics. The National Assembly is expected to debate the revisions in the coming weeks before voting on them in October.\nThe move comes after Vietnam last year removed the death penalty for eight criminal offenses, including embezzlement, bribe taking, espionage, illegally transporting narcotics, sabotaging state infrastructure, and \u201ccrime aimed at overthrowing the people\u2019s government.\u201d These changes spared the life of real estate tycoon Truong My Lan, who was sentenced to death in 2024 for her role in a $12 billion corruption scandal.\nThe maximum sentence for all of these crimes is now life imprisonment.\nOver the past four decades, Vietnam\u2019s government has gradually reduced the scope of capital punishment. In the 1985 Penal Code, the death penalty applied to 44 offenses, Tuoi Tre reported last week. This dropped to 29 in the 1999 Code, 22 in the 2009 Code, 18 in the 2015 Code, and 10 under the current version, which took effect on July 1, 2025.\nLast year, Minister of Justice Nguyen Hai Ninh said that the decision to reduce the use of the death penalty \u201cwas based on careful analysis of the nature and severity of the offenses, the value of the interests protected, and the potential for remedying the harm caused.\u201d\nThe narrowing of the use of capital punishment is part of a wider legal reform effort that could affect hundreds of provisions of Vietnam\u2019s Penal Code. The purpose of the effort is to \u201cstreamline\u201d the Code, \u201cimprove consistency and better differentiate criminal liability according to the nature, role, and level of danger posed by different types of conduct,\u201d state media reported.\nAt the same time, however, the Ministry of Public Security is determined to maintain strong sanctions for the most serious offenses \u2013 a concern that was also echoed during yesterday\u2019s National Assembly debate.\nAs such, the latest draft revisions also increase the punishments for certain crimes. These include acts deemed to \u201cinfringe upon the interests of \u200bthe state\u201d (Article 331[2] of the Penal Code) or acts \u201caim to oppose the Communist Party of Vietnam\u201d (Article 117) \u2013 two vaguely worded provisions that have been used liberally against government critics. Among the other changes are the exemption of the police, armed forces, and paramilitary self-defense forces from criminal liability for acts committed while carrying out official duties, and the criminalization of offenses against the Communist Party\u2019s hammer-and-sickle flag, which could soon be punishable by up to three years in prison.\n\u201cVietnam\u2019s criminal laws need to be revised to become more protective of people\u2019s rights, not to facilitate greater abuse by the police,\u201d Elaine Pearson of Human Rights Watch said in a statement earlier this month.\nFurthermore, the proposed revisions add nine new criminal offenses to the country\u2019s Penal Code. This includes a new offense covering the establishment of or participation in an organized crime group, as well as crimes relating to \u201ceconomic management, cybersecurity, high technology, the environment, public safety, and the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction.\u201d"
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