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                    "A Russian woman explained on camera what made her and a smiling, bearded man next to her drive to a petrol station in Kazakhstan.\u201cSimply to fill the tank,\u201d she said in a viral video that explains new terms in today\u2019s Russia: \u201cfuel tourism\u201d and \u201cgas hunting\u201d.Recommended Stories list of 4 itemslist 1 of 4\u2018Long-range sanctions\u2019: Ukraine hopes strikes cause Russia fear and losseslist 2 of 4\u2018New level of danger\u2019: Drone incidents scare Europe amid Russia-Ukraine warlist 3 of 4Russian expert warns of impending social crisis as Ukraine death toll riseslist 4 of 4How China and Russia could hobble Trump\u2019s plans to isolate Iranend of listFor most of this year, swarms of Ukrainian drones have been burning down Russian oil refineries and fuel depots from annexed Crimea to the Baltic to western Siberia, causing sky-high plumes of putrid smoke.As Russian President Vladimir Putin refuses to resume peace talks, claiming that his forces \u201cadvance in all directions\u201d, tens of millions of Russians face fuel shortages and hours-long queues at petrol stations \u2013 with occasional shouting and fist fights.And those living in regions bordering Kazakhstan \u2013 including a string of urban centres along the Volga River, Russia\u2019s most densely populated region \u2013 drive to Central Asia\u2019s most oil-rich nation, often hundreds of kilometres, just to fill up.Even though in late May the Kazakh government banned petrol exports, border guards report thwarting hundreds of attempts to smuggle fuel back to Russia in canisters, makeshift fuel tanks \u2013 or in giant fuel trucks.But some industrious smugglers still make their way across the world\u2019s second-longest land border that stretches 7,644km (4,750 miles) across the barren steppe, according to people interviewed for this article.\u201cThere\u2019s total contraband along the border,\u201d Timur, a businessman in Almaty, Kazakhstan\u2019s capital, told Al Jazeera. He withheld his last name for safety reasons.Even though Kazakhstan boasts three giant, Soviet-era oil refineries, fuel prices in Kazakhstan increased by 15.6 percent this year, the UlusMedia website reported on July 10 .Only one of Kazakhstan\u2019s neighbours, Turkmenistan, has large hydrocarbon reserves, but its autocratic leaders isolated the country from the rest of the region in the 1990s.\u2018Deficit here for a long time\u2019Other Central Asian nations feel the ripple effect too \u2013 especially Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, resource-poor, mountainous nations that used to get up to 90 percent of their petrol from Russia.\u201cThey\u2019ve been hurt the most,\u201d Galiya Ibragimova, a Moldova-based expert on Central Asia with Carnegie Politika, which is headquartered in Berlin, told Al Jazeera.Kyrgyzstan is a member of the Eurasian Economic Union, the free trade bloc of five former Soviet nations dominated by Russia and the Kremlin\u2019s political decisions.Tajikistan is not a member of the group, but it bought discounted Russian fuel as \u201cpayment for political loyalty, not because Putin is so kind\u201d, Ibragimova said.A key source of petrol for Central Asia was Russia\u2019s largest refinery in the city of Omsk in southwestern Siberia.But it stopped operating after Ukrainian drone attacks in early July that damaged a crude distillation unit.Around that time, Kyrgyzstan began regulating petrol prices and asked other ex-Soviet nations for help to \u201censure sustainable fuel supplies\u201d.Kyrgyz experts predict long-term problems at Russian refineries will take months or even years to fix.\u201cEquipment for oil refineries is not a delivery from an online shop or a supermarket,\u201d Kyrgyz energy expert Olzhas Baydildinov said in televised remarks. \u201cThe deficit that has come is here for a long time.\u201dThe Kyrgyz government pledged to \u201cprovide at least a half\u201d of Kyrgyzstan\u2019s needs \u2013 but only after modernising the nation\u2019s largest refinery, deputy energy minister Nasipbek Kerimov said in early July. He did not specify how long it would take.By the middle of this month, Kyrgyz authorities said they had spent about $11.4m to subsidise petrol prices.China\u2019s help in drillingTajikistan is especially vulnerable because domestic oil processing amounts to 0.5 percent of petrol consumed there. Drivers already face fuel shortages and limits of 20 litres per car at some petrol stations.\u201cThere are problems both in the [processing of oil] and in logistics,\u201d deputy energy minister Daler Juma said in early July, when announcing that the government had amassed fuel reserves that would last \u201cat least 60 days\u201d.In mid-August, he travelled to Tehran and signed a deal to provide 2.5 million tonnes of oil, petrol and diesel from Iran.With the help of experts from the giant state-owned China National Petroleum Corporation, Tajikistan has intensified the search for prospective oil fields.By the end of this year, they are due to submit a report on seismic reconnaissance, a method of quickly assessing potential oil reserves.\u201cThen, we will decide where we can start drilling,\u201d Tajikistan\u2019s chief geologist, Ilhomjon Oymukhammadzoda, told a news conference in early July.Uzbekistan\u2019s \u2018reserves\u2019 for winterBoth Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan used to resell Russian petrol to neighbouring Uzbekistan, the regional economic powerhouse with a population of almost 39 million and half a dozen car manufacturing companies.As Uzbekistan processes its own oil into petrol satisfying about two-thirds of its needs, the rest usually comes from Russia. But the new shortages have forced the government to start amassing a strategic reserve.\u201cWe have a separate plan for the fall and winter, we\u2019ve created enough reserves. I can say with confidence that we have enough reserves for two or three months,\u201d deputy energy minister, Umid Mamadaminov, said early last month.Meanwhile, many Uzbek drivers are happy they switched their engines to run on compressed natural gas \u2013 even though huge gas tanks take up most of the boot.\u201cI switched 15 years ago, saved a lot of money,\u201d Azamat Tolipov, a taxi driver in the Uzbek capital, Tashkent, told Al Jazeera.Regional governments are trying to find new sources of oil and gas, but the United States and Israeli war on Iran drives global prices up.\u201cCentral Asian nations will convulsively look for new suppliers, but considering what\u2019s going on in the Strait of Hormuz, even if they find an alternative, it will be more expensive,\u201d analyst Ibragimova predicted.Beijing seems to be the only power to benefit from the fuel crisis as sales of Chinese-made electric cars skyrocketed even before it unfolded.Electric car sales in Kazakhstan alone grew 36 times between 2022 and 2025, said the Carnegie Russia Eurasia Center, a Berlin-based think tank in last year\u2019s report titled: \u201cChina has flooded Central Asia with electric cars\u201d."
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